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EDWARD TANJORE CORWIN, D.D.. LITT.D. 

1834-1914 

Founder of the Manual 



This Work is Dedicated to the 

MEMORY OF 

EDWARD TANJORE CORWIN, D.D., LITT.D. 

The Compiler of the Four Former Editions of this 

Manual, whose interest in the History of the 

Reformed Church in America was founded 

on his Love for the Kingdom of God 



^^i< fmcrr, 



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A MANUAL {* OCT s4 1922 *; 



REFORMED CHURCH 

IN AMERICA 



(formerly reformed PROTESTANT DUTCH CHURCH ) 



1628—1922 



CHARLES E. CORWIN 



Fifth Edition, Revised 



NEW YORK 

Board of Publication and Bible-School 
.Work of the Reformed Church in Ame^rica 

25 East 220 Street 

1922 



The Work of Edward Tanjore Corwin : 

First Edition, 1859, 2,000 copies. 
Second Edition, 1869, 1,000 copies. 
Third Edition, 1879, 1,000 copies. 
Fourth Edition, 1902, 2,000 copies. 



The Work of Charles Edward Corwin 
Fifth Edition, 1922, 1,000 copies. 



Copyrighted, 1922, by 

'IHE BOARD OF PUBLICATION 

AND BIBLE-SCHOOL WORK 

R. C. A. 



THE unionist-gazette ASSOCIATION 
SOMERVILLE, N. J. 



Preface to the Fifth Edition 



The present volume is the fifth edition of the Manual of the Reformed 
Church in America, — a work unique in the realm of denominational liter- 
ature. 

When the Rev. E. T. Corwin was a young man, a Resident Licentiate 
in the Seminary at New Brunswick, N.Y., he was requested to revise the 
Triennial Catalogue of the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick. Pos- 
sessed of a strong taste for historical studies, this request led him to an 
investigation of the History of the Reformed Church. The first edition 
of the Manual, a volume of i66 pages, published in 1859, was the result. 
The author spoke of this work as "a task which if it had been fully realized 
at the beginning would hardly have been undertaken." 

His perseverance grew with toil, and in 1869 a second edition of the 
Manual was issued. This volume of about 400 pages, was divided into three 
parts. The first treated of the history of the denomination, the second of 
the ministry and the third of the churches. This method of treatment has 
been followed in the subsequent edition. 

In 1879, a third edition of about 700 pages was issued. Because that 
portion of the Amsterdam Correspondence secured by Hon. J. Romeyn Brod- 
head in 1841-43, had then become accessible, this edition presented the history 
of the colonial period of the Church's life in a more complete manner than 
did the earlier editions. 

Twenty-three years passed before the fourth edition appeared in 1902. 
This work, of more than a thousand pages, embodied the results of Dr. Cor- 
win's research in the archives of Holland during the years 1897- 1898, at 
which time he was collecting much of the material published in the Eccles- 
iastical Records of the State of New York. 

In 1914 Dr. Corwin having served his own generation by the will of 
God fell asleep and the present author became the heir of his investigations. 

Historical studies, conducted in the service of the Collegiate Reformed 
Protestant Dutch Church of the City of New York, prepared his mind for 
this undertaking. Accordingly, in the midst of other duties, and also little 
realizing the magnitude of his work, he took up the task in the summer of 
1918. 

His first idea was merely to bring the Manual of 1902 to date. But as 
the work proceeded such treatment was found to be inadequate. Therefore 
Part One, the History, has been largely rewritten, and the results of the 
latest investigation embodied in it. For assistance in this respect grateful 
acknowledgment is due to Dr. John H. Raven of the Theological Seminary 
at New Brunswick, and to Dr. A. Eekhof of the University of Leyden. 

The latter portion of Part One is composed of chapters on the various 
departments of the activity of the Church, each prepared by a specialist in his 
own field. The names of those who have thus enhanced the value of this edi- 



IV PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION 

tion of the Manual are given at the heads of the chapters which they have 
prepared, and to them the author renders thanks for their service. 

In the preparation of Part Two, the Ministry, many errors in the for- 
mer editions have been corrected, and, so far as possible, the biographical 
notes have been brought down to date. Although the multiplying 5 ears had 
greatly increased the number of names to be treated, the author realized 
that it was necessary to keep the work within the limits of one volume. 
Therefore, often against his will, he felt compelled to prune the sketches with 
unsparing hand, and, in many cases, to refer for information to earlier edi- 
tions of the Manual. Also, for the sake of brevity, the names of the native 
ministry upon the foreign mission field were removed from their alphabetical 
position. But, until the organization of the independent native churches, 
they are to be found in the tables of the Chronological List of Ministers 
at the back of the volume. While the work was in press, and, after exten- 
sive changes had become impossible, it was deemed wise to print Parts Two 
and Three in close type, thus saving about two hundred pages in the volume. 
The book is not therefore as large as had been expected. 

Part Three, the Churches, has been thoroughly revised and brought down 
to date. 

Doubtless among so» many thousand dates there remain some errors. 
These are caused by the personal equation, or by following mistaken or 
inadequate authority. The author desires pardon for them and requests that 
as they are found they may be reported to him. 

The author is indebted, not only to the brethren already named and to 
those who have written special chapters, but to the Rev. Henry Lockwood, 
D.D., Stated Clerk of General Synod, for his interest, advice and assistance 
in proof reading; to the stated clerks of the several classes and Particular 
Synods, and to many others, clerical and lay, who have furnished informa- 
tion, suggestions and corrections. 

Gratitude is also due to the General Synod of 1920 for its approval of 
the work and to the General Synod of 1921 for providing for its publication. 

May the acquaintance with our Church's life, past and present, fur- 
nished by this volume, aid its membership to that wisdom which has knowl- 
edge of the times to know what Israel ought to do. - 

Charles E. Corwin, Rocky Hill, N. J. 
May 1st, 1922. 



Table of Contents 



INTRODUCTION. 

The Reformed Church in America. Development of the Name. 

I. The Netherlands and the Dutch People. 

II. The Genius of Protestantism. 

III. The Genius of the Reformed Church. 

IV. The Reformed Church in Europe. 

Switzerland, Germany, France. 

The Netherlands, History, Liturgy, Doctrine, Polity, 

Synod of Dort, Bibliography. 

PART FIRST. 

History of the Reformed Church in America. 

FIRST PERIOD. 

The Church Under the West India Company, 1609-1664. 

Chapter I. — Preparation for the Church in America, 1581-1628. — Dutch 
Commerce and the Missionary Spirit. — The East India Company and 
Its Discovery of New Netherland. — The Founding of the West India 
Company. — The first Colony in New Netherland. — Care for Re- 
ligion. — Comforters of tha Sick. — The First Place of Worship 1-5 

Chapter II. — The Founding of the Church in America, 1628-1632. — 
Awaiting a Clergyman. — Michaelius. — The Method of Church Man- 
agement. — Michaelius' Arrival. — The Founding of the Church. — 
Michaelius' Labors and Troubles. — Retirement from the Field. — 
Further Mention of Michaelius 6—9 

Chapter III. — Church Life in the Wilderness, 1632-1647. — Bogardus. the 
Second Pastor. — His Character and Disputes. — Care for Religion. — 
Father Jogues' Account. — First Church Records. — The Church in the 
Fort. — The Indian War. — Futher Disputes. — Death of Bogardus, — 
etc. — The Church at Fort Orange. — Domine Megapolensis and His 
Work 10-14 

Chapter IV. — The Church Fully Established Under the West India 
Company, 1647-1664. — Stuyvesant's Rule. — Pastor Backerus. — Meg- 
apc^lensis in New Amsterdam. — Fort Orange. — Pastorates of Mega- 
polensis and Drisius. — Increasing Dutch Settlements and their Re- 
ligious Progress. — Other Religious Bodies, Roman Catholics, Lu- 
therans, Quakers, etc., Jews. — Close of the Dutch Regime. — Au- 
thorities for the Period 15-22 

SECOND PERIOD. 

The Struggle of the Church for Civl Freedom, 1664-1708. 

Chapter V. — The First Years of the Church Under the English Govern- 
ment, 1664-1674. — Effect of the English Conquest. — Form of Gov- 
ernment. — Conditions. — State of the Dutch Church Under the Eng- 
lish. — Efforts for Improvement. — Reconquest of the Colony by the 
Dutch and Brief Reestablishment. — Return of the Province to Eng- 
land. — Governor Andros. — Dutch Influence in New York 23-27 



VI TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Chapter VI. — The Church Begins Its Struggle for Freedom, 1674-1688. — 
Condition of the Country. — Andros' Instruction. — Disputes. — Religious 
Bodies. — Favorable Position of the Dutch Church. — The Van Rens- 
selaer Episode. — First Dutch Ordination in America. — Sects, etc. — 
Dongan's Instructions. — The Popular Assembly. — Fears for Lib- 
erty. — Accession of James II. — Oppressive Acts. — Pastor Van Nieu- 
wenhuysen Succeeded by Selyns in New York. — French in the Col- 
ony. — Progress and Growth 28-33 

Chapter VII. — The Church During the Leisler Troubles, 1688-1692.— 
James II Deposed. — Accession of William and Mary. — Unexpected 
Effect in New York. — Pear of Romanism. — The Rise of Leisler. — 
His Government. — Attitude of the Churches and Clergy Toward Him. 
— Leisler's Death and Its Effect. — State of the Dutch Church at 
this Time 34-40 

Chapter VIII. — The Dutch Church and the Ministry Act with Efforts 
for a Charter, 1692-1698. — Lessening of Religious Freedom in 
America. — Desire to Establish the Anglican Church. — The Ministry 
Act. — Effect of that Act. — Desire of the Dutch Church of New York 
for a Charter. — Success in Obtaining a Charter. — Trinity Church and 
Its Affairs. — Other Dutch Church Charters. — Chaplain Miller's Ac- 
count. — Tables of the Churches at this Time 41-47 

Chapter IX. — The Church Emerging From the Struggle for Civil Free- 
dom, 1698-1708. — Bellomont Succeeds Fletcher. — Change of Policy. — 
Troublesome Times. — An Early Children's Day. — Dellius and the Land 
Grants. — Law Against the Roman Catholic Church. — Last Attacks 
on Liberty. — Governor Cornbury. — His Attitude. — His Persecution of 
Non-Anglicans. — Efforts Against the Dutch Church. — Various 
Troubles. — Removal of Cornbury. — Growth of the Church. — Home of 
a Dutch Burgher. — Ministerial Society. — Moral and Religious State 
of the Colony, of Negroes, of Indians. — Authorities for the Second 
Period 48-55 

THIRD PERIOD. 

The Struggle of the Church for Ecclesiastical Freedom. 1708-1792. 

Chapter X. — The Growth of the Church Toward Ecclesiastical Free- 
dom, 1708-1747. — Changes in the Country Within One Hundred 
Years. — The New Air of Freedom. — Condition of the Dutch Churches. 
— Need of American Ordinations. — Effect of this Lack. — Coming of 
the Germans and Others. — Preparation for the Great Awakening. — 
Its Effect on the Reformed Church. — Frelinghuysen, His Work and 
the Opposition to it. — Three Effects of the Great Awakening. — 
Loo.sening of the Ties which Bound to Europe. — Plans for a Ccetus. — 
Failure. — Changing Conditions. — New Ministers, etc 56-60 

Chapter XI. — The First Period of Independence. — The Coetus, 1747- 
1754. — Desire for Revival of the Cojtus. — The Ccetus Revived. — The 
Weakness of the Revived Coetus. — Purpose to Turn the Ccetus Into 
a Classis. — Change of Opinion. — Hostility of the Church of New 
York. — Reasons for the Change. — Ritzema's Ambition for a Dutch 
Professorship in King's College. — Frelinghuysen's Efforts for a Dutch 
College. — Turmoil. — 111 Feeling Against Ritzema. — The Real Cause 
of the Difficulties 61-64 

Chapter XII. — Progress and Reaction. 1754-1768. — The Ccetus-Conferen- 
tie Controversy. — Development of Each Party, and Their Leaders. — 
Desire for the Approval of the Classis of Amsterdam. — Efforts for 
Union. — The Pamphlet AVar. — Frelinghuysen's Work in Holland, etc. 
— Unsuccessful Efforts for a College Charter. — Attempt to Settle 
the Difficulties. — Progress of the Conferentie. — The Question of 
Loyalty. — 111 Feeling. — Call of Laidlie to be Engish Preacher in New 
York. — A Charter for Queen's College. — Peace Proposals. — The Wan- 
ing of the Strife 65-68 



TABLE OF CONTENTS Vll 

Chapter XIII. — Union and Peace, 1768-1775. — Early Life of John Hen- 
ry Livingston. — His Study in Holland. — His Influence There. — Dr. 
Witherspoon in Holland. — The Plan of Union. — Its Failure and 
Effect. — Livingston Called to New York City. — His Efforts for Peace 
in America. — The Peace Convention of 1771. — Its Plans. — They are 
Approved in Holland. — The Convention of 1772. — Peace and In- 
dependence. — Progress of Events Till the Revolution. — Church Life 
During this Period. — Buildings. Services. — The Pastor's Activity. — 
Weddings, Funerals, Lack of Schools, etc. — The Piety of Heart 69-74 

Chapter XIV. — The Reformed Church During the Period of Liberation, 
1775-1792. — The Church During the War, etc. — Changes at its Close. 
— Articles of Church Government, etc. — Synod Organized. — Authori- 
ties for the Third Period 75-79 

FOURTH PERIOD. 
The Free Church in the Free State, 1792-1922. 

Chapter XV. — The First Generation Under the Constitution. — The Re- 
formed Church at the Dawn of the Nineteenth Century. — The 
Process of Americanization. — Her Contribution to the Life of the 
Youthful Republic. — Her Educated Ministry. — Religious Revival in 
America. — Its Results in the Church. — Interest in Domestic Mis- 
sions, in Foreign Misions, in Philanthropy. — Schism. — The True Re- 
formed Dutch Church. — Growth 80-8a 

Chapter XVI. — Enlargement and Progress. — Renewed Emigration From 
Holland, Its Reasons and Character. — Reception by the Reformed 
Church of America. — Difference of View. — Secession. — The Advance 
of the Church in the Face of Defection. — The Different Elements in 
the Church. — The Patriotism of the Church. — Enlarging Vision. — 
Progress 84-90 

Chapter XVII. — The Methods of the Church's Activity. — Departments 
of the Church's work. — Brief Mention of them. — 
I. The History of the Constitution. 
II. Ecclesiastical Bodies. 

III. Educational Institutions. 

1. Colleges and Seminaries. 
1. Schools and Academies. 

IV. The Benevolent Work of the Church. 
V. The Church and Public Morals. 

VI. Christian Unity. 
Authorities for the Fourth Period 91-104 

SPECIAL CHAPTERS. 

Chapter XVIII. — Rutgers College, by Rev. W. H. S. Demarest, D.D., 
LL.D., President of Rutgers College. — Dutch Regard for Education. 
— The Influence of Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen. — Zeal for a 
Dutch College. — Early Efforts. — The Charters, the Trustees, the 
Choice of Location. — Opening of Queen's College. — Early Methods. — 
Situation. — The First Commencement. — A Medical School. — The Col- 
lege Suspends but the Grammar School Continues. — The Covenant 
of 1807, the Reopening. — Queen's Hall. — Dr. Livingston Becomes Pres- 
ident. — Conditions. — The Covenant of 1824. — The New Name, Rut- 
gers. — Dr. Milledoler's Administration. — The Strain Between the 
Theological and Literary Departments. — Development. — Dr. Has- 
brouck's Administration. — Further Development. — Dr. Frelinghuy- 
sen's Administration. — Separation of the College and the Sem- 
inary. — Dr. Campbell's Administration. — Radical Progress. — The Col- 
lege Independent. — The Founding of the State College. — Enlarge- 
ment. — Dr. Gate's Administration. — Further Progress. — Dr. Scott's 



Vin TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Administration. — New Buildings, etc. — Dr. Demarest's Administra- 
tion. — The Enlarged Campus. — The College Farm. — Endowment. — 
College for Women. — Present Relation to the Reformed Church. .105-118 

Chapter XIX. — History of the Theological Seminary at New Bruns- 
wicl<, N. J. ; Revised by Rev. J. P. Searle, D. D., President of the 
Seminary, New Brunswick, N. J. — Difficulty of Supplying Ministers 
for Dutch Churches in America. — The Controversy of the Ccetus and 
Conferentie. — The Union of the Parties and Efforts to Pound a Theo- 
logical School. Dr. Livingston Chosen Professor of Theology. — 
Various Efforts to Find a Secure Foundation for a Theological 
School. — Assistant Teaching. — The Covenant of 1807. — Dr. Living- 
ston's Removal to New Brunswick. — Organization of the Board of 
Superintendents. — Growth and Change. — Separation from the Col- 
lege, Buildings. — Progress and Vicissitude. — Increase of Funds and 
Buildings. — Lectureships. — Changes in the Faculty. — The Centennial 
of the Seminary. — Growth. — The Strenuous Latter Years of the 19th 
Century. — Many Changes and Developments. — Enlarged Endowment. 
— Lectorships and Lectureships. — The Alumni Association. — The 
Present Faculty. — List of Professors and Lectors, etc 119-140 

Chapter XX. — Union College and the Reformed Church in America, by 
Rev. William N. P. Dailey, Union, 1884. — Union College, a Child of 
the Reformed Church. — Desire for a College in Northern New York. — 
The Founding of the College. — The Sacrificial Spirit. — Union College 
and Her Gifts to the Ministry. — The Early Presidents, and their 
Work. — The Remarkaljle Work and Influence of President Nott.— 
Scientific Progress and Great Growth. — Successors of Dr. Nott and 
their Work. — The Administrations of Dr. Raymond and Dr. Rich- 
mond.^ — The Quality of the Sons of Union. — Their Useful Activities, 
Especially in the Ministry and on the Mission Field. — Their Re- 
lation to the Reformed Church 141-146 

Chapter XXI. — History of Hope College, by Rev. S. C. Nettinga, D.D.. 
Professor of Historical Theology in the W, T. S., R. C. A. — Hope 
College the Child of the Faith of the Dutch Immigrants. — Providen- 
tial Preparation. — The Beginnings. — Strengthening the Stakes. — 
The College Opened. — Early Days — Character and Object of the 
College. — The Critical Period. — Progress. — The Fruits of Faith. . 147-153 

Chapter XXII. — History of the Western Theological Seminary, by Rev. 
S. C. Nettinga, D.D., Professor of Historical Theology in the W. T. S. 
R. C. A. — Sadness and Admiration at the Story. — The Beginnings of 
the Seminary. — Difficulties. — Suspension. — Restoration of Theology. — 
Forward Steps. — A Second Profe.ssorship. — A Lectorship. — Buildings. 
— Further Advance. — Change in Professorships. — The Results of Its 
Life 154-162 

Chapter XXIII. — History of Central College, by Rev. S. C. Nettinge, 
D D., Prof, of Historical Theology in the "W. T. S., R. C. A. — Cen- 
tral College, Its Location, etc. — Its Origin as a College of the Re- 
formed Church. — Its Previous History. — Its Character and Pur- 
pose. — Evidence of Progress 163-165 

Chapter XXIV. — History of Academies, by Rev. S. C. Nettinga, D.D., 
Profes.sor of Historical Theology in the W. T. S., R. C. A. — I. The 
Northwestern Classical Academy. — II. Pleasant Prairie Academy. — 
III. The Wisconsin Memorial Academy 166-167 

Chapter XXV. — Young People's Societies, by Rev. A. D. W. Mason, 
D.D. — The Church's Interest in the Young. — Catechetical Instruc- 
tion. — Sunday Schools. — The Young People's Society of Christian 
Endeavor. — Its Beginning and Growth Within the Reformed Church. 
— The Christian Endeavor Missionary League. — Changes in Method. 
— Progress Continues 168-170 



TABLE OF CONTENTS IX 

Chapter XXVI. — The Board of Education, Revised by Rev. John G. 
Gebhard, D.D.— Early Efforts to Aid Students for the Ministry.— 
Pounding of the Board of Education.— New Life for the Educational 
Institutions of the Church.— Funds for the Work. — Requirements.— 

The Officers of the Board. — Incorporation and Rules 171-174 

Chapter XXVII. — The Periodicals of the Reformed Church in America, 
by Rev. James Boyd Hunter. Editor of the Christian Intelligencer 
and Mission Field. — Missionary Periodicals. — The Magazine of the 
Reformed Dutch Church.— The Christian Intelligencer.— Its Long. 
Useful and Anxious History.— The Effect of the War.— The Combina- 
tion of the Christian Intelligencer and Mission Field. — Western Pe- 
riodicals.— The Leader, De Hope, Die Mitarbeiter.— The Somerset 

Church News 175-177 

Chapter XXVIII. — History of Foreign Missions, Revised by Rev. Wm. 
I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., D.D., Secretary of the Board of Foreign 
Missions. — Christianity a Missionary Religion. — Early Missions. — 
Missions After the Reformation. — Early Dutch Missions. — Dutch and 
English Missionary Activity in America During the Colonial Period. 
The Revival of Missionary Interest in the Latter Years of the 18th 
Century. — The Reformed Church and Missions. — First Period. — Early 
Efforts, 1796-1832. — Various Missionary Societies and their Work. — 
Second Period — Co-operation With the American Board, 1832-1857. — 
Early Foreign Missionaries and Their Work. — Third Period ; Sep- 
aration From the American Board. — Independent Action, 1857. — 
Other Opportunities. — Comparative Summary, 1858-1900-1921. — 
Woman's Board of Foreign Missions. — Amoy Mission, 1842; Its Be- 
ginnings ; Evangelistic Work ; Educational Work ; Medical Work ; 
Mission Comity. — Arcot Mission, 1853. — Beginnings. — Preach the Gos- 
pel ; Evangelize ; Day Schools, Boarding Schools, Arcot Seminary. — 
Industrial and Medical Work. — Literary Work. — Union and Inde- 
pendence. — Japan Mission, 1859. — Opening of Japan. — The Great Men 
and Small Beginnings.— Translations. — The First Church. — United 
Church of Christ in Japan. — Its \Vork. — Division Into North and 
South Missions and Reunion. — Educational Work and Various Insti- 
tutions. — Independent Activity. — Arabian Mission, 1889. — Early 
Plans. — The First Missionaries and Their Stations. — Progress of the 
Work — Medical Work. — Results of the War and Present Condi- 
tion 1^8-218 

Chapter XXIX. — History of Domestic Missions, Revised by William T. 
Demarest, LL.D., Secretary of the Board of Domestic Missions. — 
First Period, 1786-1806. — America Missionary Ground. — Early Ef- 
forts and Methods. — Second Period, 1806-1822. — A Committee on 
Missions. — Changes, Growth. — Third Period, 1822-1831. — New life. — 
The Missionary Society. — Changes. — Fourth Period, 1831-1879. — 
The Board of Missions Character of the Work. — Growth. — Fifth 
Period, 1879-1922. — Conditions in 1879. — A Program of Enlargement. 
— Women's Executive Committ e Indian Wor\. Mountain Work. — 
Spread Westward. — Work for Foreigners. — Church Building Fund 

Advance. — Changes of Officers 219-_-9 

Chapter XXX. — The Progress Campaign and the Future, by Rev. John 
A. Ingham, D.D., Secretary of Reformed Church Progress Cam- 
paign. — Status of the Reformed Church in 1900. — Growth. — Sum- 
mary of Progress From 1841 to 1921. — Efforts Toward Church Union. 
— Effects. — Influence of the War. — Inter-Church ^Vorld Movement. — 
Its Collapse.— The Good Results. — The Reformed Church After 
Lengthening Its Cords Now Strengthens Its Stakes. — Methods and 
Outlook 230-234 



X TABLE OF CONTENTS 

PART SECOND. 
The Ministry 235-606 

PART THIRD. 
The Churches 697-721 

APPENDIX. 

Chronological List of the Ministers of the Reformed (Dutch) Church 

in America 1628-1922-723-763 

Chronological List of the Congregations of the Reformed (Dutch) Church 

in America 1628-1922-765-777 

Addenda 779-781 

Errata 782 

(This Table of Contents is considered a sufficient Index.) 



Abbreviations 



A. C Amherst College. 

A. G Amsterdam Gymnasium. 

A. S Andover Seminary. 

Al. S Allegheny Seminary. 

Arn. C Arnheim College, Holland. 

A. R. S Associate Refd. Seminary. 

Aub. S Auburn Seminary. 

B. C Beloit College. 

Bl. Schl, or Sem Bloomfleld School or Seminary. 

C. C Columbia College. 

C. C. N. Y College of the City of New York. 

Ch. R. S Christian Refd. Seminary, Grand Rap- 
ids. 

C. N. J College of New Jersey. 

Cor. U Cornell University. 

C. U Columbia University. 

C. U. I., or Cent. Co Central College or University of Iowa. 

D. C Dickinson College. 

Day. C Davidson College. 

Dub. C. and Sem Dubuque College and Seminary. 

P. and M. C Franklin and Marshall College. 

Glas. U Glasgow University. 

G. R. M. H Ger. Refd. Miss. Home, Sheboygan, 

Wis. 

Gum. G *. Gumbinnen Gymnasium, Germany. 

Gron. Univ Groningen University. 

Ham. C Hamilton College. 

H. T. S Hartford Theological Seminary. 

Hob. C Hobart College. 

H. C Hope College. 

H. S Hope or Holland Seminary. 

Har. U Harvard College or University. 

la. C Iowa College. 

111. C Illinois College. 

J. C Jefferson College. 

K. C Kalamazoo College. 

L. P. C LaPayette College. 

Leyd. U Leyden University. 

McA. C ; McAllister College. 

McCor. Sem McCormick Seminary. 

M. C Middlebury College. 

M. U Michigan University. 

M. H. C Mission House College. 

M. H. S Mission House Seminary. 

N. B. S New Brunswick Seminary. 

N. W. S Northwestern Seminary. 

N. Y. U. or U. N. Y New York University. 

P. S Princeton Seminary. 

P. U Princeton University. 

Q. C. or R. C Queens College or Rutgers College. 

S. A Schenectady Academy. 

S. G Stuttgart Gymnasium. 

U. C Union College. 



Xll ABBREVIATIONS 

U S. or U. T. S Union Seminary. 

U. G University of Gratz, Ger. 

U. M University of Marburg-, Ger. 

U. Pa University of Pa. 

Ut. U Utrecht University. 

W. C Williams College and also Without 

Charge. 

W. M. C Western Medical College. 

W. R. C Western Reserve College. 

W. S. or W. T. S Western Seminary, Holland. Mich. 

Y. C Yale College. 

Y. S Yale Seminary. 

Y. U Yale University. 

Other abbreviations are sufficiently obvious. 



Introduction 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 

That body of Christians whose present official title is "The Reformed 
Church in America," has, during its history, been known by various names. 
The letters from Holland addressed to the early churches of this body in 
America called them, "The Reformed Dutch Churches in New York and 
New Jersey." With the expansion of the denomination after the Revolution- 
ary War, the title appears, "The Reformed Dutch Churches in North Amer- 
ica." At the adoption of the Constitution in 1792, the name employed inci- 
dentally in the Minutes of the Synod is, "The Dutch Reformed Church in 
North America. But the name on the title page of the first edition of the Consti- 
tution, printed in 1793, is "The Reformed Dutch Church in the United States 
of America." The same name was used in the second edition of 1815. In 
subsequent editions appears, "The Refd. Dutch Ch. of North America." In 
the Act of Incorporation in 1819 the title is, "The Reformed Protestant 
Dutch Church." This then became the official name of the Church. 

During the middle decades of the nineteenth century the Church with its 
fellows was subjected to the fusion of the great New World melting pot, 
in which they all were cast, and became thoroughly Americanized. After 
1840, the sentiment developed thaj the word "Dutch" was no longer appro- 
priate in the title of the Church. Nearly a generation of discussion followed 
and in 1867 the word "Dutch" was dropped and the official title of the Church 
became, "The Reformed Church in America."' 

As fossils, preserved in rock, testify to the process of creation, so these 
various terms, employed in the name of the Church, reveal the progress of 
the Reformed Church in America from its infancy to its present maturity. 

Considering the phrases "in America," "in North America" and "in the 
United States" as equivalent, five component elements in the full title of the 
Church arc found. Arranging these in chronological sequence the name 
obtained is, "The Dutch Protestant Reformed Church in New York and New 
Jersey in America." Each of these words and phrases is the symbol of an 
important fact by which the history of the Chbrch may be traced. 

The word "Dutch" speaks of the people among whom the Church origi- 
nated. They were the Dutch nation inhabiting the land of Holland. 

The word "Protestant" shows that the Church belonged to that grand 
division of Christians who protested against the Roman form of faith and 
practice. 

The word "Reformed" tells of the minor division within Protestantism 
which distinguished the school of Calvin from that of Luther. 

The phrase "In New York and New Jersey" reveals the fact that the 



'See E. T. Corwin'.s Digest of Synodical Legislation R.C.A.. p. 755. 1906. 
Also see the article on the history of the name in the Appendix to Minutes 
of General Synod, 1867. 



XIV INTRODUCTION 

Church had been carried from the place of its seeding across the western 
sea, and planted in the Dutch provinces on either side the Hudson River. 

"In America" stands for the wider field of its larger growth. On the 
American continent it has become one of the trees of the Kingdom of 
Christ, hard by the River of the Water of Life. There its mission is to 
yield its fruits every month, and with the other trees of its Master's gar- 
den, to scatter its leaves far and wide for the healing of the nations. 

I. THE NETHERLANDS AND THE DUTCH PEOPLE. 

As the strife of war makes the territory between contending armies a "No 
Man's Land," so in the region where the Rhine through many mouths 
debouches into the North Sea, the battle of the waves and sands made the 
country a "No Man's Land," seemingly unfit for habitation. Because of 
its low position it is called the Netherland and the term Holland, that is 
Hollowland, expresses the nature of the country as scooped out, lying lower 
than the sea. 

But before the dawn of history hardy adventurers of Celtic and Teutonic 
stock had settled there. Under somber skies they aided the ground in its 
struggle with the water, and, little by little, gardens smiled in the midst of 
the watery desert, and villages were founded where the surf had broken. 

In Roman times the territory was inhabited in the north by the Frisii, bj' 
the Batavi in the centre and by the Belgae in the south. Nature had trained 
these peoples in a hard school until their bodies were strong, their minds clear 
and persevering and their souls free. The Mistresses of the World found the 
complete subjugation of such freemen impossible and was glad to make them 
her allies. With the waning of the Roman power the Netherlands were over- 
run by barbarous hordes of Northmen and others from the east. These, 
mingling with the earlier inhabitants added to their strength and caught 
their spirit of freedom and enterprise. While old names gave place to new 
the people continued essentially the same. 

The Celtic tribes of the Netherlands were governed by a priestly ca.ste 
and worshipped with bloody sacrifices, but the Teutonic tribes had no priest- 
hood and without temples worshipped an Almighty Father. The sword of 
Pepin and of Charles the Great was not able to win these fierce heathen to 
the allegiance of the cross, but what force could not do the gentle English 
missionary Willibrord, assisted by Boniface, the apo.stle of Germany and by 
others was able to accomplish. By the year 800 the cross had taken root 
and the ancient idols were falling before it. But while Christ was accepted 
as King, the sturdy people of the Netherlands, especially in the north, never 
rendered a heart obedience to his so-called vicar upon earth, the Pope of 
Rome. 

The nominal control which Charles the Great had acquired over the coun- 
try was lost at his death and various small, semi-independent states devel- 
oped. The more northern of these were distinctly Teutonic in character, 
while the southern were markedly French. The spirit of their fathers who 
had conquered the sea was in the blood of them all. They were proud of 
their determination and energy and could properly assume the name "Dutch" 
that is preeminently the "People." 



INTRODUCTION XV 

After the introduction of Christianity and during the centuries of practical 
independence the Netherland provinces made unusual progress in civihza- 
tion. Many of their men of valor joined in the Crusades and brought back 
to their gloomy northern homes the intellectual and material spoils of the 
south and east. 

Great engineering works were undertaken and more land was redeemed 
from the sea. Intensive agriculture increased the food supply, the towns 
hummed with manufacture and business. The canals were full of laden 
boats and the harbors with the high sterned ships of those days. 

Industry begat wealth and wealth gave leisure. Leisure became the mother 
of art and culture. No other part of Europe was so rich or busy, and none 
other, save the Italian states, was so intelligent and refined. The southern 
cities, Bruges, Ghent and Antwerp were especially flourishing. In fact at the 
beginning of the sixteenth century Antwerp was the metropolis of Europe. 
All this had been accomplished upon a poor soil and with exceptionally small 
natural resources because the people, trained by their age long struggle with 
the sea, had become the most determined, energetic and freedom loving people 
in the world. 

But while civilization was advancing the general course of political events 
had been sinister. Jealous neighbors looked askance at such growing pros- 
perity. In 1369 a marriage alliance between the House of Flanders and that 
of Burgundy gave the ambitious Burgandian dukes a foothold in the Neth- 
erlands, which they used to bring the whole country under their sway. The 
Hapsburg-Burgundian alliance, cemented by the marriage of Maximilian 
of Austria and Mary of Burgundy in 1477, made the Netherlands an appan- 
age of the House of Hapsburg. The Emperor, Charles V, the grandson of 
Maximilian, in 1549, formally united this rich inheritance with the Spanish 
crown. Thus the freedom loving states of the Netherlands by the selfish 
machinations of princes, without their consent, and almost without their 
appreciation, had become merely a portion of a great world empire. 

At this time the Netherlands comprised the four duchies of Brabant, 
Gelderland, Limburg and Luxemburg; the seven counties of Artois, Flan- 
ders, Hainault, Holland, Namur, Zutphen and Zeeland ; the margraviate of 
Antwerp, and the seigniories of Friesland, Groningen, Mechlin, Overyssel 
and Utrecht. These provinces were largely independent of each other and 
prized their independence. The States General, to which each sent deputies, 
served to unify them to some extent, but like the American Continental Con- 
gress, it was a rope of sand, for it lacked the power of legislation or taxa- 
tion. Only in the fires of oppression and persecution could these diverse 
states be welded into one nation. In the Spanish dominion the furnace was 
provided. 

II. THE GENIUS OF PROTESTANTISM. 

Since the word "Protestant" is embedded in the strata of the title of the 
Reformed Church in America, it is proper to consider the genius of Pro- 
testantism, for it betokens the fundamental spirit of that Church. 

The word itself is purely negative and therefore unworthy of a great divis- 



XVI INTRODUCTION 

ion of Christendom. It was originally applied to those German princes, who 
at the Diet of Spires in 1529 protested against the annulment of the degree 
of the Diet of Spires of 1526. This decree had called upon the emperor to 
summon a general council, and in the meantime allow each prince to manage 
the religious affairs of his own territory. But the word has become too well 
established to be changed. 

Protestantism starts with the practical question : How can the troubled 
conscience find peace. It retains from the Catholic system the objective doc- 
trines of Christianity concerning the Godhead and the Person and Work of 
Christ. But it joined issue with the prevailing system regarding subjective, 
experimental Christianity, — the method of the sinners' approach to God and 
the expression of his faith. 

The two fundamental doctrines of Protestantism are the sv:premacy of the, 
word of God and the sufficiency of the saving grace of Christ. The former 
proclaims the word of God, that is, the Scriptures of the Old and New Testa- 
ments to be the rule of faith and practice, and asserts the right of the private 
interpretation of them. This is in contrast to the Roman view which makes 
tradition of equal value and the Church the final authority both in regard to 
Scripture and tradition. 

The sufficiency of the grace of Christ, the second fundamental doctrine of 
Protestantism, gives* all glory to Christ as the author of salvation. It de- 
clares that the sinner is justified before God, not because of any work of his 
own, but solely because of the work of Christ. This is in opposition to the 
Roman doctrine that faith and works are coordinate grounds of salvation. 
Protestantism however, does not hold the doctrine of faith without works 
in the sense that it denies the necessity of good works as an evidence of 
salvation received. 

To these two prominent principles of Protestantism belongs as a corollary 
the doctrine of the universal priesthood of believers and the right and duty 
of the laity both to interpret the Scripture without clerical aid and to take 
part in the government of the Church. 

Experience has shown that Protestantism runs great danger of fanaticism 
in doctrine and division in practice. But even in the midst of its errors it 
trains the mind and heart toward spiritual maturity as no system of ecclesias- 
tical authority can do. When its work is completed the subject has advanced 
into the glorious liberty of the Sons of God. 

III. THE GENIUS OF THE REFORMED CHURCH. 

Early in the Reformation period differences of view began to appear be- 
tween the German and the Swiss reformers. In 1529 German delegates 
with Luther at their head and Swiss under Zwingli met at Marburg for the 
purpose of consolidating the great task to which they had set their hands. 

The nature of the Lord's Supper was presented for discussion and radical 
disagreement immediately results. Luther wrote with chalk upon the cover 
of the table the words : "Hoc est meum corpus," and refused to budge from 
the literal sense. Zwingli insisted that the bread and wine were symbolic 
and the Supper of the nature of a memorial. When they could not agree 



INTRODUCTION XVll 

th^ Swiss reformer with tears offered the liand of fellowship to Luther which- 
was refused. 

Luther held that because of the union of the divine and human nature in. 
Christ his bod}' was ubiquitous. Hence there was a supernatural imion of 
the body and blood of Christ with the bread and wine in the Supper. In his 
view the communicant received the body and blood of Christ "in, with and 
under the form of bread." 

The bareness of Zwingli's view was subsequently modified by Calvin. He 
taught that the presence of Christ in the supper was real in a spiritual sense. 
While the body of Christ remained in heaven the true communicant receivedi 
its virtue by a wonderful spiritual process. 

Luther and Calvin agreed as to the doctrine of the divine sovereignty. But 
the former held it not as a matter for philosopohical speculation but as a 
religious tenet, too deep for human understanding. Hence it was not empha- 
sized in his system and was subject to modification in the course of time. 
Calvin speculated upon it and emphasized it. In his writing it assumed a 
settled form and thus was bequeathed to the Churches which inherited his- 
systein. 

It has been said that Luther and his followers were chiefly opposed to the 
Judaism of the Roman Church, while the Calvinists fought against its Pag- 
anism. The former paid more attention to tradition and accepted more of 
the ceremony which the years had made dear to many Christian hearts. The 
latter broke more completely with the past and more exclusively robed uporh 
the authority of Scripture. Calvinism has often erred however in not dis- 
tinguishing between the different stages of Scriptural revelation and thus, 
sometimes has made the mistake of grounding its conduct upon Old Testa- 
ment example rather than upon New Testament principle. 

Both Reformation groups adopted the Presbyterian polity but the disciples: 
of Luther insisted more on the rights of princes while the disciples of Calvin^ 
emphasized the rights of the people. Hence Calvinism became more truly 
than Lutheranism the parent of democracy. 

Even within the Reformer's life time the Roman Catholics began to calli 
the churches which Luther had founded by his name. To this he strenuously 
objected but without avail. From the Lutheran Church of Germany a mighty 
stream of Christian doctrine and practice has flowed forth into Central 
Europe. Overflowing national boundaries it extends toward the ends of the,- 
earth. 

The name "Reformed Church" did not appear so early as did that of the 
Lutheran. The followers of Calvin had no settled title until the Conference 
at Poissy, France, in 1561. There Beza in the presence of the French court 
presented the Reformed doctrine with so great erudition and with such win- 
someness that it seemed for a time as if he would carry all before him. But 
the conference was barren of results except that a name was found for the 
followers of the Swiss Reformation. From that time they were known as 
the Reformed Church. 

The influence of the Reformed Church, rising in Switzerland, touching 
upon Germany, overflowed into France, and thence descended into the Neth- 
erlands. There it became the source of the Reformed Church in America. 



XVlll INTRODUCTION 

IV. THE REFORMED CHURCH IN EUROPE. 

The Reformation is the historic name for the religious movement which 
divided the Western Church into two opposing parts and gave rise to the var- 
ious Protestant bodies. It had three chief branches : the Lutheran which 
arose in Germany and influenced mainly the nations of northern Europe with 
the exception of the Netherlands ; the Anglican which arose in England 
and followed a course less remote from that of the ancient Church; and the 
Reformed which arose in Switzerland, took some hold in Germany, spread 
in France and the Netherlands and thence was carried to America. Only 
of the last of these branches of the Reformation does this discussion treat. 

Switzerland. 

The Reforrhed movement began independently in Switzerland at about the 
time that Luther was preparing to strike his first blow in Germany. Ulrich 
Zwingli began his reformatory preaching in the German cantons of Switzer- 
land in 1516. Before his death in battle in 1531. the Reformed doctrine had 
taken a strong hold of the popular mind. The death of Zwingli and some 
of his associates gave "a sudden check to the movement in the German por- 
tions of Switzerland, but it took a new start in the French cantons and rose 
to a higher position than ever. Just at this juncture, the great master mind 
of the Reformed Church appeared in Geneva, a refugee from France. 

Under the influence of John Calvin the beautiful city at the foot of the 
Lake of Geneva became the asylum for persecuted Protestants from all 
lands, and its Church the model of a Reformed communion. Here Calvin 
developed his extraordinary genius and energy as the greatest theologian and 
disciplinarian of the Reformation. From his mighty personality spread 
abroad his theological system and his ecclesiastical polity until the impress of 
his mind and heart was upon all Reformed communions. Beza and BuU- 
inger, two worthy successors of the master mind of the Reformed Church, 
labored until the end of the century, and consolidated the work already 
begun. 

Germany. 

From Switzerland the Reformed faith passed into the German Palatinate 
and was joyfully received. Here the Reformed Church of Germany was 
born, and the Heidelberg Catechism, the chief symbol of the Reformed faith, 
appeared in 1563.' From the Palatinate the Reformed Church spread into 
several German states and into neighboring countries. But it was unable to 
compete with Lutheranism upon German territory, and beyond those bounds 
it was speedily crushed by persecution. Therefore the influence of the Re- 
formed Church in Germany is comparatively unimportant. 



•This Catechism was also translated from the original German into 
Dutch in 1563, a fact long doubted. A copy of that first edition, perhaps 
the only one extant, found in the library of Professor Doedes, was 
secured bv Dr. E. T. Corwin while in Ho'land in 1898, and is now 
deposited in the library of the Collegiate Church. New York City. 



INTRODUCTION XIX 



France. 



Advancing west and south from Switzerland the Reformed Church entered 
France, Italy and Spain. In the two latter countries it was soon destroyed, 
but in France, in spite of the opposition of the court, the priesthood and the 
common people, it gained a foothold. Its root was watered with the blood 
of Martyrs and this seemed to fertilize the soil. By 1559 there were more 
than two thousand Reformed congregations scattered throughout France. In 
that year the first General Synod was held in Paris. In 1571 the General 
Synod meeting at La Rochelle adopted the so called Gallican Confession 
and a system of government essentially Calvinistic. 

The Reformed movement assumed a political aspect and civil war ensued. 
The Roman Catholic party had the support of the throne and of a majority 
of the people. The Reformed (Huguenot) party was led by the princes of 
Navarre and contained some of the noblest and best men of France. The 
awful massacre of St. Bartholomew in 1572 dealt them a staggering blow- 
but they soon recovered from it. With the accession of Henry IV and the 
promulgation of the Edict of Nantes in 1598, the prospects of the Reformed 
Church grew very bright. 

The period that followed was the halcyon time for the French Reformed 
Church. Congregations multiplied, growing in numbers, intelligence and 
grace. Schools and colleges were founded and great preachers occupied the 
pulpits. The Reformed faith took hold of the best portion of the people and 
its influence far outstripped its numbers. 

But clouds of opposition and persecution were rising. Under the leader- 
ship of Cardinal Richelieu, the privileges, granted by the Edict of Nantes 
were more and more curtailed. Just one hundred years after the meeting 
of the first General Synod in 1559 the last General Synod possible for the 
persecuted was held in 1659.' In 1685 the Edict of Nantes was revoked and 
the sword, so long threatening, fell. Many weak Protestants saved their 
lives but lost their faith, and many, more strong, lost their lives but saved 
their souls. Alore than half a million took refuge in flight. These were the 
most intelligent and best people of the country and their loss to the nation 
was beyond measure. The fugitives were gladly welcomed in the neighbor- 
ing Protestant countries, where their skill and character more than repaid 
the hospitality shown them. Many settled in the Netherlands and united 
with the Dutch Reformed Church. Their French vivacity in union with 
the sturdy Dutch character made a most valuable combination. They there- 
fore added greatly to the strength of the Reformed Church in Holland, and 
through her to the Reformed Church in America. 



'There were twenty-nine of these Synods held in France during just a. 
century, 155it-1659. See "Synodicon in Gallia Reformata" or Acts, etc.,. 
of the Reformed churc'he.s in France. Translated into English by Rev. 
.lohn Quick, minister of the Gosijel in London, 4to. pp. 5!*6. London, 1692. 
This contains also the Gallican Confession, Rules of Church Government, 
and everything of importance pertaining to the Reformed Church in 
France. It is the Thesaurus of the early French Protestants. In the Acts 
of Synod of 1637 there is a list of 647 ministers and churches. See also. 
Schaff's "Creeds of Christendom" for the Gallican Confession. 



^X INTRODUCTION 

The Netherlands — History. 

The hardy plant of freedom had long flourished in the moist ground of 
the Netherlands but in that soil despotism, civil or ecclesiastical, made only 
a stunted growth. Probably no where else in Europe were there so many 
"Reformers before the Reformation." One of the foremost of these was 
Gerard Groot (1340-84). He taught that religion was a matter of the heart, 
not of ceremony, and he founded the famous Brotherhood of the Common 
Life. His disciples became the great teachers of the country and the spiritual 
guides of the working people. From the schools of the Brotherhood issued 
Thomas a Kempis, the author of the Imitation of Christ, Zerbolt, the popu- 
larizer of education, Gansevoort, the restorer of Scriptural theology, Eras- 
-mus, the father of Biblical criticism, who according to the monks laid the 
<^gg which Luther hatched, and many others. 

Under such influences the Bible, before translated by laymen into the 
'Dutch vernacular, was printed in 1477. Many editions followed and the 
Scripture became a light upon the path of the common man.' 

Not all were competent to use their opportunities aright. About the fringe 
of intelligence and piety were various sects of radicals and fanatics. Of 
these the Anabaptists became the most prominent. But even among them 
were earnest men, some of whom were of truly noble character. 

Thus at the beginning of the Reformation Era the Netherlands, standing 
first in wealth and enterprise among the nations of Europe, were also first in 
intelligence and piety. The nation was ready to receive the Reformed doc- 
trine. It was not long in coming, partly from the land of Luther, but chiefly, 
in its Reformed form, from Switzerland and France. The Jesuit Strada 

remarked, "Nor did the Rhine from Germany, or the Meuse from France 
send more water into the Low Countries, than by the one the contagion of 
Luther, by the other of Calvin, was imported into these same Belgic pro- 

"vinces." 

Those were the days when Charles V., emperor of the Holy Roman 
Empire and king of Spain, was seeking to unify his diverse dominion. 

'Charles was a statesman of more than average ability and character. But 
he was a narrow friend of the Papacy, both from religious and political 
motives. Accordingly in 1521 he issued the first of the barbarous edicts 
for the extinguishing of heresy in the Netherlands. In 1523 the first martyrs 

•for the Reformed faith died at the stake in Brussels. In their honor Luther 

wrote a poem beginning : — 

"Quiet their ashes will not lie." 

This word of the great Reformer was prophetic. A long series of execu- 
tions only scattered the blood of the martyrs which became most fully the 
seed of the Church. In the midst of the turmoils Anabaptist and other fan- 
atical sectaries became numerous and their excesses afforded a plausible pre- 
text for stern measures of repression against all who departed from the old 
faith. 



'A copy of this first edition of the Bible in Dutch, 1477, was secured by 
Dr. E. T. Corwin while in Holland in 1898, and is now in the library of 
Jthe Collegiate Church. 



INTRODUCTIOxX XXI 

In 155c Charles V. issued a new edict confirming former edicts against the 
Protestants and threatening to introduce the Inquisition, of which Holy 
Office, the horrors were well understood in the Low Countries. The threat 
caused great alarm. Business was at a stand still, prices fell and many fled 
the country. Many went to England where Edward \T gave them the 
Church of Austin Friars in London which is used to this day.^ 

In 1555 Charles V. abdicated his throne in favor of his son, Philip II. 
Philip lacked the ability and character which had made his father personally 
popular. He was narrow and false, borrowing his conscience from the 
priests. He held nothing more dear than the Papacy except his own safety 
and comfort. He therefore resolved to introduce the despotic system which 
was his confidence, into the Netherlands and to stamp out heresy at all costs. 
Passing by the great princes of the country, such as William of Orange and 
Counts Egmont and Horn, he made his illegitimate sister, Margaret of 
Parma, Regent and placed as her chief adviser Granvelle, Bishop of Arras, a 
wtII trusted tool of the Emperor. Bodies of Spanish troops were stationed 
in the Netherlands and several new bishoprics were created, whose occupants 
were clothed with inquisitorial power. Having thus made proper arrange- 
ments Philip renewed the edicts of his father in a more drastic form than 
before. 

Awful was the persecution which resulted and great was the consternation 
and wrath of the people. At the protest of the nobility of the country Gran- 
velle was removed but conditions were not greatly changed. In 1565 a few 
patriots of Brussels entered into a solemn covenant to resist these oppressive 
measures at all costs. The next year about four hundred nobles went on 
foot to the court of the Regent at Brussels to petition a relief from persecu- 
tion. Margaret of Parma was frightened at their coming but one of her 
councilors referred to the petitioners as "a troop of beggars." The phrase 
caught the popular fancy. The League of Beggars was formed and the term 
became a ralh'ing cry of great power. People, forsaking the churches met 
for field preaching in vast numbers, guarded by armed men. A wave of 
iconoclasm swept over the country. The symbols of Roman Catholic worship 
were torn from the churches and cast out of the buildings. In the midst of 
the excitement the Lily among Thorns was made the emblem of the church. 

This rebellion aroused the bigoted nature of Philip to fury. Against the 
desire of the Regent, Margaret, he appointed the Duke of Alva military com- 
mander in the country. He was a man after his master's own heart, capable, 
determined, cruel and crafty. Well supported by seasoned Spanish troops 
he became virtual ruler of the nation. The counts, Egmont and Horn were 
decoyed to Brussels and executed. William of Orange, retired to Germany 
and awaited his time. Alva set up a terrible tribunal which the people called 



'The history of this church has been published under the title, "Reg- 
ister of the Dutch Church, Austin Friars, Ijondon, 1571-1874." There are 
45 pages of Historical Introduction, and then a list of Baptisms, Marri- 
ages and Burals ; with copies of the Monumental Inscriptions and plates 
of the Monuments. Indexed. There are then four very stout volumes 
styled "Ecclesiae — Londino— Batavje Archivum," or "Archives of the 
Dutch Church in London," which include certain Scientific Papers de- 
posited with them, and three volumes of Correspondence, relating largely 
to Refugee churches in England and other lands. It is a- mine of mater- 
ial hardly yet begun to be worked. 



XXll INTRODUCTION 

"the Council of Blood." During six years, (1567-73) the hand of the tyrant 
was supreme and no less than one hundred thousand people were executed. 
Indeed upon Feb. 16, 1568, a unique death sentence was passed upon the 
whole nation, with a few specified exceptions. While the country lay pros- 
trate, multitudes of the best citizens fled to Germany, Denmark and especially 
to England. Eight Dutch churches were planted in London and the whole 
of England was greatly benefited by the useful arts which the fugitives intro- 
duced. 

Meanwhile Philip's cup of crime and folly was filled to overflowing and 
deliverance was at hand. William, Prince of Orange (1533-84) one of the 
noblest figures of the age, was preparing to deliver his country. Under his- 
influence the provinces of Holland and Zeeland threw off the yoke of Alva 
and adopted a free constitution, while still recognizing Philip as king. In 
1572 the "water beggars" took Briel and this was the turning of the tide. 
The next year Alva retired admitting his failure. Requesens, the succes- 
sor of Alva, while more conciliatory, kept up the war with the patriots. The 
battles raged with varying success but the heroic defense of Leyden in 1574 
greatly discouraged the oppressors and William was enabled to enter upon 
a series of negotiations which resulted in the Pacification of Ghent (1576). 
In this seventeen provinces bound themselves to drive out the Spaniards and 
to establish religious freedom. From this compact the southern provinces 
withdrew, leaving Belgium Roman Catholic. The Reformed of that country 
fled to the north and became known as Walloons. In 1579 the seven northern 
provinces signed the Union of Utrecht, and thus laid the foundation of the 
Dutch Republic. They chose as their motto "Eendracht maackt niacht" — "a 
united pull gives power" or "Union makes strength."^ 

In 1581 the States General deposed Philip and issued the Dutch Declara- 
tion of Independence. In this document, so radical in that day, they declared 
that the prince was created for the subjects, not the subjects for the prince, 
and that if he does not govern justly the subjects have a right to depose him. 
On this ground they repudiated Philip as their sovereign. 

William of Orange was assassinated in 1584 but his son, Maurice, took com- 
mand and performed his duties with distinguished ability. The new Dutch 
Commonwealth grew in power and tlie sturdy Dutch soldiers and sailors 
prepared to hold their own against the force of Spain for a century, if neces- 
sary. On land and sea they were successful and Philip was doomed to see 
his magnificent schemes of despotism go down in ignominious failure. Under 
his successor, Philip III, Spain, the once haughty mistress of the world, was 
compelled to conclude a twelve years' truce with the despised heretics of the 
Netherlands, and finally by the Peace of Westphalia, 1648, to acknowledge 
their independence. 



'The "Groot Plakaet Boek," in eight large volumes, with a thorough 
"Register," or Index, contains all the Edicts, civil and ecclesiastical, dur- 
ing the two centuries of the Dutch Republic's existence. The Ecclesias- 
tical Edicts include the successive revisions of Church Polity and of the 
Doctrinal Symbols. These have also been collected and printed separ- 
ately in four volumes called "Kerkelyke Plakaet Boek." Copies of the 
"Groot Plakaet Boek" are to be found in the State Library of New York, 
and the Sage Library at New Brunswick. The Collegiate Church of New 
York has a complete copy of the "Kerkelyke Plakaet Boek," and the Sage ■ 
Library volumes i and ii. 



INTRODUCTION XXIU 



The Netherlands — Liturgy. 



During the troublous times before independence, liturgies were growing 
up, containing purified forms of devotion, and these were also full of in- 
struction to the common people. In their composition all the older litur- 
gies, even to the earliest centuries, were freely used. These liturgies, as they 
appeared, were translated from one language to another, with improvements, 
until they approximated the Reformed ideal. Besides an earlier one in 
Geneva, Calvin prepared a liturgy for his Walloon congregation at Strass- 
burg in 1541, which was printed in 1545. A second edition was published 
in 1546 by Polanus, Calvin's successor. Upon the removal of Polanus with 
his entire flock to Glastonbury, England, in 1551, he translated this liturgy 
into English, which Cranmer and his colleagues used in the preparation of 
the Book of Common Prayer. 

In 1553 John a Lasco, pastor of the Dutch Church of Austin Friars, Lon- 
don, prepared a liturgy in Latin, based on that of Polanus. An abridg- 
ment of this was made by Micron in 1554, translated into Dutch, and printed 
at Embden. The next year a Latin edition of a Lasco's liturgy of 1553 was 
published at Frankfort. 

In 1566 Dathenus revised the liturgy of Micron, and this revision was for- 
mally adopted in Holland by the Synod of Wesel in 1568. This aiso con- 
tained Dathenus's versification of the Psalms and the Heidelberg Catechism. 
Forms for the administration of baptism to infants. Micron's Compendium 
for those who wished to enter into the full communion of the church, forms 
for the administration of the Lord's Supper, and for marriage, with many 
forms of prayer, were also incorporated. This revised liturgy of Dathenus 
was formall}' adopted by the Synods of Holland and Zeeland in 1574, and 
soon came into more or less general use in all the provinces. The prayers in 
these liturgies were not obligatory. Thus during the generation of greatest 
persecution were these believers preparing forms of worship which would 
exert an educational influence for generations. 

The Netherlands — Doctrine. 

The Dutch Reformers also felt the necessity of providing themselves with a 
definite creed and church order, or system of polity. Congregations, more 
or less imperfectly organized, had sprung up everywhere. Many minor 
difi^erences in faith and order needed to be adjusted. Guido de Bres, Peter 
Dathenus, Henry Modet, and Francis Junius were the principal instruments 
in securing the unity desired. After a few concessions wrung from the 
Regent Margaret in 1566, some Walloon and Dutch pastors felt encouraged 
to meet at Antwerp, with a number of nobles, to begin the formation of a 
regular church organization. After slight revision they adopted the Belgic 
Confession of Faith, which had been composed by Guido de Bres in 1559, 
and published in 1561. It was modeled after the Gallican Confession, and 
contained thirty-seven articles. A copy was sent to Philip II., with an 
explanatory letter, and also with a request for protection and liberty of con- 
science. At the same time an exhortation was addressed to the several 
local authorities of the Netherlands. The Heidelberg Catechism was pro- 



XXIV INTRODUCTION 

visional ly adopted at the same time. The Synod, however, was careful to 
say that these standards of doctrine were only symbols of agreement, and 
that the Word of God was their only rule of faith. 

The Netherlands — Polity. 

The two Synods which formulated the Church Order, as the polity of 
the church was called, were obliged to meet outside the Netherlands, on 
account of the persecutions raging within. It was during the atrocities of 
Alva (1567-73), who had sworn to exterminate the heretics, that the Dutch 
proceeded to organize their Church, not doubting, in their new-found evan- 
gelical faith, but that God would give them victory and peace. This Synod 
of Wesel (1568) accordingly adopted the name "The Netherland Churches 
which are Waiting under the Cross." They also adopted provisionally Cal- 
vin's Presbyterian polity, which they elaborated in certain particulars to 
suit their circumstances. Ministers must be pious and learned men, and 
must agree in doctrine with the standards already adopted. Schools must 
be established for the study of Hebrew, Greek and Latin. The Walloon 
churches could use the Geneva Catechism. The Dutch versification of the 
Psalms by Dathenus was adopted for use in worship. The duties of the 
four classes of officers were defined, and directions were given as to sermon- 
izing and prophesying — that is, Bbile-class teaching. They refused to give 
vnnute directions as to the way of administering baptism and the Supper, 
lest they should seem to tyrannize over consciences. 

At the Synod of Embden (1571) the action of the Synod of Wesel was 
confirmed, and some additions were made. Ministers must subscribe to 
the standards of doctrine. The name "consistory"' was adopted for the 
minister, elders and deacons of each church, who must hold weekly meet- 
ings. The Classes were to meet quarterly or semi-annually, and a biennial 
General Synod was suggested, which should be conventional. Ministers 
were to be called by the Consistory, subject to the approval of the Classis. 
These features of church government, more or less expanded, remain the 
same in the Reformed Church in America to this day. 

With the recall of the Duke of Alva to Spain (1573) the fugitives were 
enabled to return. A Synod embracing only the two provinces of Holland 
and Zeeland was held in 1574 which was somewhat retrogressive, owing to 
local and personal reasons, but its acts were not recognized by the States. 
Following the siege of Leyden the University of Leyden was founded in 
1575 in reward of the heroism of the citizens. In 1576 the Reformed 
Church was established in the provinces of Zeeland and Holland, but free- 
dom of religion was allowed in all the provinces. This was the result of the 
Pacification of Ghent. The infamous edicts of Charles V. were now repealed, 
and the Inquisition was forever prohibited. 

With two national Synods which were subsequently held in the country — • 
viz., at Dort (1576) and at Middleburg (1581) — the polity of the Reformed 
Church of Holland was completed. The first of these Synods was called 



'Subsequently the term Consistory was limited to ministers and elders, 
but in America it has always also included the deacons. 



INTRODUCTION XXV 

without the consent of the civil power. It declared that in ecclesiastical 
matters the power belonged to the church alone. It was subsequently con- 
ceded, however, that calls on ministers might be also approved by the 
magistrates. The four grades of ecclesiastical bodies were defined, viz., 
Consistories, Classes, Provincial Synods, and a General Synod which was 
to meet triennially. Church records were to be minutely kept, as well as 
records of baptisms and marriages. The conditions of full church-member- 
ship were defined. 

The Synod of Middleburg (1581) invited the States to send a delegation, 
but this was declined. This excited some suspicions. This Synod decided 
that the States should not be recognized in the election of ministers, elders 
or deacons. A proposition was made for some sort of civic superintendence, 
but this was rejected. It was now decided that all church officers, includ- 
ing professors of theology and schoolmasters, must sign the standards of 
doctrine. The Reformed Church of Holland was (1581) thoroughly 
organized, with an evangelical liturgy and creed and a Presbyterian polity. 
Within a month after the adjournment of this Synod, Philip II. was formally 
deposed. The Reformed Church became the established church of the 
Netherlands. The minutes of the famous Classis of Amsterdam begin in 
1582. 

The Netherlands — The Synod of Dort. 

In the year 1609 began the great Arminian controversy, which led to the 
•call of the famous Synod of Dort (1618-19). Arminius (1560-1609) was 
ordained as a Reformed minister in 1586. In 1603 he became professor of 
theology at Leyden. He soon became involved in a dispute with Gomar on 
fore-ordination. He asked for the assembling of a Synod to decide the ques- 
tions involved, but before this could be done he died. His adherents, as 
ministers of the Reformed Church, were condemned for holding opinions 
contrary to the standards of doctrine which they had subscribed. In 1610 
they presented a remonstrance against this decision, and hence were called 
Remonstrants. The debate went on for ten years. The Remonstrants held 
to a conditional election, an unlimited atonement, yet that no man of him- 
self is able to exercise saving faith, except through the power of the Holy 
Spirit ; and that grace does not act upon men in an irresistible way. Upon 
the perseverance of the saints they were undetermined. All the Reformed 
churches of Europe were invited to send delegates to this Synod, and they all 
complied except Anhalt. Tho,se appointed by the Reformed Church of 
France were forbidden to attend by the King. 

The Arminians were cited as accused parties. Their leader, Episcopius, 
defended their views, with great eloquence and boldness. The doctrines of 
grace concerning predestination, redemption, the corruption of man and the 
manner of his conversion and the perseverance of the saints were elaborately 
discussed and more accurately defined and formulated in what are called the 
Canons of the Synod of Dort. The design of these Canons is to Magnify 
the Grace of God in the salvation of sinners. The representatives of all the 
Reformed churches present signed the Canons. It was then decided that 



XXVI INTRODUCTION 

the Remonstrants, as officers of the Reformed Church, should be excluded 
from their offices. They would, no doubt, have been tolerated as a separate 
sect. 

Political complications were involved in the discussion, and the long dis- 
pute exasperated both parties ; hence the added severity of the ban- 
ishment of about two hundred ministers, including the great statesman-, 
and scholar, Hugo Grotius, and the execution of Barneveldt. But these 
events must be judged in the light of the seventeenth century. Within six 
years, upon the death of Maurice (1625), the Remonstrants were permitted 
to return, and full toleration was granted them. 

The Synod of Dort was in session for six months and its proceedings are 
voluminous. After the withdrawal of the foreign delegates at the close of 
the one hundred and fifty-fourth session, the Dutch delegates continued in 
session as a National Synod. Its acts (Sessions 155-180) are known as 
the Post-Acta. They relate to a variety of topics, such as church ordinances, 
the jus patronatus, church visitation, the call to the ministerial office, cor- 
respondence between magistrates and Consistories, festival days, the hymns 
to be sung in the church, the baptism of Roman Catholics, the observance- 
of the Sabbath, the marriage relation, professors, the form to be signed at 
ordination, the baptisjn of the sick and of adults, the visitation of the sick,, 
a new translation of the Bible into Dutch, foreign missions, profanity, min- 
isters' salaries, the liturgy, and other matters. 

The Heidelberg Catechism was re-indorsed with words of praise, and 
parents were exhorted to teach it in the home. It was required to be 
taught in the schools. The establishment of more schools was urged. Min- 
isters were required to explain a portion of the catechism every Sabbath 
afternoon. A compendium of the catechism prepared by Herman Fauke- 
lius was adopted in the place of that of Micron and others which had 
formerly been used. 

New forms had been added to the liturgy from time to time, and modi- 
fications had been made by different Synods. The revision of the liturgy 
was now intrusted to a committee, of which Festus Hommius, pastor at 
Leyden, was chairman. Their work was ratified by the Provincial Synods 
in 1622. The Articles of Church Government were also revised. They 
consist of eighty-six articles, which were treated under four heads ; viz.. 
Offices, Ecclesiastical Assemblies ; Doctrines, Sacraments and Usages ; and' 
Discipline. Of course the Erastian features of church government con- 
tinued in these rules, on account of the union of church and state, as was 
the case in every country of Europe. Therefore it was possible for the 
State to prevent a General Synod from being held for two centuries, 1618- 
1816. Provincial Synods were held, however, and these sent delegates to 
one another. These Rules were also the Rules of the Dutch Church in 
America until 1792, although the Erastian element of these rules was never- 
operative in America. It was just after the Synod of Dort that the West 
India Company was chartered, 1621, and New Netherland began to be col- 
onized. 



INTRODUCTION XXVll 

Subsequent generations in Holland passed through many vicissitudes.' 
The spread of rationalism in the eighteenth century affected many of her 
ministers, and the Napoleonic wars resulted in a great modification of the 
polity of the church. In 1796 the French decreed "that the church be separ- 
ated from the state, and that no social advantage or disadvantage is to be 
■derived from the profession of any religion whatever." The churches and 
ministers by this sudden change were left in great straits and suffering. 
But with the battle of Waterloo, 181 5, the French were overthrown. In 
181 6 William I., who had become King of Holland, called a General Synod, 
■and offered to support the church, if the church would accept of a modi- 
fied constitution. In their great distress they yielded, and the old Presby- 
terian form of government was greatly modified, if not quite destroyed. 
-General Synods have been held yearly since 1816, but the representatives 
are few, and in all the church bodies a Bestiiur or Board of Administration 
manages all affairs. Subsequently the church gave up the Canons of Dort 
and allowed as wide a latitude to her ministers and professors as Germany 
or Switzerland. 

Therefore, in 1834, a number of ministers and churches separated from 
the Established Church and organized The Christian Reformed Church. 
Their design was to secure and maintain purity of doctrine. After much 
difficulty, and not without considerable persecution and suffering, they ob- 
tained recognition. In 1846, mainly from this body, began a new emigra- 
tion of Hollanders to America, going chiefly to Michigan and other Western 
States. A large portion of them fell, naturally, into the fold of the Re- 
formed Church in America, which has always adhered to the original 
system of Reformed doctrine and polity. Some, however, separated, sootier 
or later, from the others, and formed "The Christian Reformed Church 
IN America." 

The present kingdom of the Netherlands, according to the constitution 
■of 1848. grants entire liberty of conscience and complete civil equality to the 
members of all religious confessions. The old National Reformed Church, 
the Lutheran Church, the Remonstrants, the Roman Catholic Church, Eng- 
lish Presbyterian ministers in certain seaports, and even the Jews, arc sup- 
ported by the Government. Only "The Christian Reformed Church" re- 
ceives no help from the State, which, spiritually considered, is an undoubted 
advantage. In 1857, under the influence of the liberals and the Romanists, 
the government banished religious instruction from the schools, and in 
1876 abolished the theological faculties in the universities, but granted funds 
to the National Synod for special theological instruction. When rational- 
ists secured these professorships the orthodox party established a Free 
Reformed University at Amsterdam (1880). The same party has estab- 
lished free schools all over Holland, in which evangelical religion is taught. 



'See also I^etter of Classi.s of Amsterdam to Gen. Syn. of R. C. A. in 1845, 
in which these changes are briefly referred to. The Classis speaks of "the 
clearer and more evangelical representation of the doctrines and duties of 
our faith." . . . "Jesus Christ and Him crucified and glorified remains 
the only basis of our preaching." Minutes Gen. Syn., 184.5, pp. 519-.522. 

The Classis of Amsterdam never missed holding its sessions during all 
these troubles, and their Minutes are filled with material relating to the 
times. See volumes xvi, xvii, xviii. 

A complete printed set of the Minutes of these General Synods are in the 
Sage I.,ibrary at New Brunswick, N. J. 



XXVlll INTRODUCTION 

BIBLIOGRAPHY. 

The following list of authorities upon the subjects touched upon in the 
Introduction is suggestive rather than complete. 

History. 

Altmeyer, J. J., Les Precurseurs de la Reforme aux Pays Bas. 2 vols, 

Paris, 1856. 
Baird, Henry W., Rise of the Huguenots of France. 2 vols. New York, 

1879. 
Brandt, G., Historic der Reformatie. Amsterdam, 1671-1704. (English 

translation, 4 vols. London, 1720. 
Griffis, W. E., Brave Little Holland and What She Has Taught Us, 1894. 
Hansen, M. G., The Reformed Church of the Netherlands, 1884. 
Le Long, I., Kort historisch Verhaal van de Oorsprong der Ned. Geref. Ker- 

ken onder 't Cruis. Amsterdam, 1751. 
Motley, J. L., Rise of the Dutch Republic. 3 vols. United Netherlands. 4 

vols. John of Barneveldt. 
Prescott, W. H., Life of Philip II. 
Steven, William, Brief View of the Dutch Ecclesiastical Establishment, Past 

and Present. With Acts Affecting British Presbyterian Churches in 

Holland, 1839. 
Van Pelt, Daniel. A Church and Her Martyrs : An Account of the Dutch 

Church in Holland, 1888. 
Weiss, M. C, History of the French Protestant Refugees. 2 vols. 

Doctrine. 

Acta Synodi Nationalis. 1620. 

Berg, J. F., History and Literature of the Heidelberg Catechism. Trans- 
• lation from Von Alpen. 1863. 

Bethune, G. W. Lectures on the Heidelberg Catechism. 2 vols. 1864. 

Bres, Guido de. The Confession of Faith (Belgic Confession), 1561, many 
editions in French, Dutch and English. 

Canons of the Synod of Dort. 1619. 

Centennial Discourses of the Reformed Church in America. 1876. 2d ed, 
1877. 

Cocceius, J. Summa doctrinae de foedere et testamento Dei. Leiden, 1648; 
many editions. 

D'Aubigne, M., History of the Reformation in the Times of Calvin, New 
York, 1 863- 1 864. 

Demarest, D. D., Practical Catechetics, 1882. Dort and Westminster, 1890. 

Good, J. I., The Heidelberg Catechism in its Newest Light. Philadelphia, 
1914. 

Livingston, J. H., System of Theology, 1820. MSS. in Sage Library. (An 
Analysis of, by Rev. Ava Neal, 1830, 2d ed. 1832. 

Marckius, J., Christianae Theologiae Medulla, 1685, many editions. Schrif- 
ten der Remonstranten en Contra — remonstranten. 12 vols. 1618. 

Schaff, Philip, The Creeds of Christendom. 3 vol., 1877. 

Scott, Thomas Articles of the Synod of Dort, etc., with History of the Pre- 
ceding Events, and Harmony of the Reformed Confessions. Utica. 
1831. Tercentenary Edition of the Heidelberg Catechism in German, 
Latin and English. With an Historical Introduction. 1863. Ter- 
centenary Monument in Commemoration of the Three Hundredth Anni- 
versary of the Heidelberg Catechism. 1863. 

Thompson, John B., Heirlooms of Faith and Order of the Reformed Church 
in America. Published separately and in Centennial Discourses. 1876. 

Ursinus and Olevianus, The Heidelberg Catechism, 1563, many editions. 



INTRODUCTION XXIX 

Van Gieson, A. P., The Type of Doctrine of the Reformed Church in Amer- 
ica as Represented by the Symbols of Heidelberg and Dordrecht. Pub- 
lished separately and in Centennial Discourses. 1876. The Canons of 
Dort. Published in Conference on Union between the Reformed Church 
in America and the Reformed Church in the United States. 1888. 

Vinke, H. E., Libri Symbolic! Ecclesiae Reform. Ned. Utrecht. 1846. 

Witsius, H., De oeconomia foederum Dei cum honinibus. 1677; many edi- 
tions in Latin, Dutch and English. 

Woodbridge, S. M., Analysis of Systematic Theology. 1872. 

Liturgy. 

A. Lasco, J. Forma ac Ratio tota Ecclesiastici Ministerii in Peregrinorum 
potissimum vero Germanorum in Anglia per pientissimum Principem 
Angliae, etc. Regem Eduardum ejus nomonis sextu. 1550. 

Baird, C. W., Eutaxia ; or The Presbyterian Liturgies. 1855. 

Demarest, D. D., Liturgical Spirit and Features of the Reformed Church 
in America. Published separately and in the Centennial Discourses. 
1876. Practical Liturgies. 1895. 

Government. 

Articles on Church Government, in Acta Synodi Nationalis. 1620. 
Constitution of the Reformed Dutch Church in the United States, New 

York, 1793. (This contains Standards of Doctrine, Liturgy and Rules 

of Church Government), ist ed. in English, 1793; many editions in 

whole or in part since. 
Corwin, E. T., A Digest of Synodical Legislation of the Reformed Church 

in America. New York. 1906. 
Digest of Rules and Church Orders, 1794-1814. Printed as an Appendix to 

the Minutes of General S,j^nod, 1814, pp. 59-83. Revised, 1848; revised, 

1869. 



PART FIRST 



HISTORY OF THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 



FIRST PERIOD 



THE CHURCH UNDER THE WEST INDIA COMPANY. 
I 609- I 664. 



CHAPTER I. 
PREPARATION FOR THE CHURCH IN AMERICA, 1581-1628. 

After deposing their monarch, Philip of Spain, by proclamation in 1581, 
the citizens of the Dutch Republic girded themselves to make the decree 
efifective. To accomplish this they realized their need of money and they 
determined to seek wealth in various ways. To the amphibious Dutchman 
the call of the sea was strong, and therefore to the sea he turned in this 
hour of need. In spite of the continued struggle with Spain the foreign 
trade of the Netherlands underwent a rapid expansion. The ports were 
filled with the trade of the East and the merchants of Holland ranked with 
the princes of the earth. Yet they were men of serious purpose, who loved 
the faith for which their fathers had died and for which they themselves 
had suffered. As soon as a path was made through the deep to the Orient, 
they began to consider the spiritual welfare of their seamen and agents. 
Therefore on April 5, 1598, Domine Petrus Plancius announced to the Con- 
sistory of Amsterdam that the owners of the East India ships desired to 
be supplied with godly chaplains, whom they would support on the long 
voyages and in distant barbarous lands.' 

Four years later, 1602, when the East India Company was founded, by 
charter chaplains were required on their ships. Henry Hudson, the dis- 
coverer of the river which bears his name, was in the employ of the East 
India Company and his ship, the Half Moon, was their vessel. She was of 



'Petrus Plancius was an eminent divine and distinguished geographer. 
He constructed the charters by which the Dutch ships first sailed to the 
Indies. 

G. J. Vos Arn. Voorder Spiegel der Historic. A. M. Stel's Kerkelyk 
Leven Van Deeerste Zestig Jaren der Vrijheid, Amsterdam, 1903. 



2 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

less 'Lhan one hundred tons burden and her crew was small. She may there- 
fore have carried no official chaplain, but under such circumstances the 
captain or mate would be expected to perform divine service upon her 
narrow deck. We may hope that in those warm, autumn days of 1609 the 
shores of Manhattan echoed the words of Christian prayer and praise, 
after the Reformed order, eleven years before the Pilgrims sang "on the 
stern and rock bound coast" of New England. But we must admit that 
Juet's Journal contains no reference thereto. 

The year of Hudson's discovery was the first year of the Twelve Years' 
Truce between Holland and Spain. Many grizzled sea-fighters were thus 
thrown out of employment, and crews were found in plenty to man the 
ships which the merchants of Amsterdam dispatched to Manhattan upon 
the report of the opportunities for fur trading. By 1614 ships were com- 
ing regularly to trade with the Indians along the "Great River of the 
Mountains" and the first huts were standing upon the site of New York 
and Albany. For a decade such traffic continued. The scant records of 
those adventures contain no reference to religious services. But it is 
probable that the more pious of the sailors and traders, encouraged by the 
Christian merchants of Holland, at least occasionally held religious services 
after the Reformed order during the long, idle Sabbaths on ship board or 
on shore. 

Meanwhile the business interests of the Netherlands, intent on dividends, 
organized the West India Company in 1621, and decided to establish a 
permanent colony in the New World. They found thirty families of 
Walloon refugees who were willing to make the great experiment, and 
these they sent to Manhattan under the command of Captain May in 1623. 
These thrifty colonists scattered throughout a wide region, and were soon 
hard at work making homes in the wilderness. The contentment, sprung 
from toil was theirs. They declared the country good and one of them 
wrote to a friend at home, "If you will come hither with your family you 
will not regret it." These Walloons, having suffered for their faith valued 
its ordinances. There is however still no reference to religious services, 
but we may not doubt that private and social prayers were not forgotten.^ 

In those days the State in all European countries had charge of educa- 
tion and religion. Since the West India Company was to occupy the place 
of the "State" to its colonies, it was taken for granted that the Company 
vvould feel responsibility in such matters. But by an oversight the charter 
of 1621 omitted to provide for spiritual needs. Two years later, July 2"], 
1623, the Consistory of Amsterdam called the attention of the Directors 
of the Company to this omission. They at once recommended "attention 
to religious services both on shipboard and on land." They also thanked 
the Consistory for calling attention to the matter. It was agreed that the 



^Among the Dutch were many Walloons, as they are called in Eng- 
lish. Their orig-inal name was Gallois, because they bordered on France 
and spoke the old French; but the Dutch called them Waalsche, which 
was corrupted into Walloons. They inhabited the southern provinces of 
Belgium. These did not join in the Union of Utrecht (1579) because most 
of the people were Roman Catholics. The Protesants of these provinces, 
Vieing- persecuted, fled to Holland, and these are the Walloons of history. 



PREPARATION FOR THE CHURCH IN AMERICA, I581-1628 3 

Church authorities were to select the ministers and teachers for the 
colonies but the Company was to support them. Thus honorably for many 
years the Dutch West India Company carried the burden of the religious 
and educational life of its people. 

In the spring of 1624 when the ships of the Company were preparing to 
sail with new colonists and supplies for New Netherland, the Directors 
were busy arranging for the government of the colony. On March 28, 
1624, they passed twenty rules or articles which were to have the force 
of law in the new settlement. Among these the second article read as 
follows : "Within their territory they shall only worship according to the 
true Reformed Religion, as it is done within this country at present, and 
by a good Christian life they shall try to attract the Indians and other 
blind persons to the knowledge of God and his Word, without however 
committing any religious persecution, but freedom of conscience shall be 
left to every one, but if any one of them, or if any one within their terri- 
tory shall intentionally curse or speak blasphemy against the name of God 
and our Saviour Jesus Christ, he shall be punished by the Commander and 
his Council according to circumstances."^ 

The same year, August 6, 1624, the Synod of North Holland took its 
first general action as to the government of the churches in foreign parts. 
The decision then adopted, and often repeated, gave to any Classis, within 
whose bounds one of the commercial companies had their offices, control 
of all ecclesiastical matters within the colonies governed by such office. 
This action was not satisfactory to the inland Classes, and for a long 
time they complained but their protests were ineffectual. 

At about the same time the Directors of the West India Company 
applied to the Consistory of Amsterdam to furnish them with a comforter 
of the sick, or lay chaplain, for their colony of New Netherland. The 
Consistory recommended a young man of 28 years of age, Bastiaen Jansen 
Krol (Crol). He was commissioned December 7, 1623. His "Instruc- 
tions" declared that he was to conduct prayers both morning and night 
on shipboard and before and after meals. He must also instruct and 
comfort the sick as necessity required. He must exhort the ungodly and on 
Sundays read the Scriptures and a sermon from the books of the Reformed 
Religion and maintain a Christian and godly walk. These "Instructions" 
were signed by two ministers and an elder and properly sealed. Krol sailed 
from Amsterdam on January 25, 1624, and arrived on Manhattan on 
March 8th, 1624. 

Doubtless the Walloon colonists received him with gladness and we 
may be sure that all through the long, bright days of summer Krol con- 
ducted services for them in the open air, for as yet there was no house of 
worship. After spending about seven months with his wilderness flock, 
Krol returned to Holland in October, 1624. In Holland he enlightened the 
authorities as to the state of the colony and its needs, and the ne.xt spring 
he returned to his charge. Although he remained unordained he was 
granted permission to marry and to baptize. 



^This quotation is made on the authority of Mr. L. P. de Boer who 
found it in the West India Company's Minutes. 



4 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

The West India Company now determined to prosecute their coloniza- 
tion with vigor. The ordinances of the Company were to be the law of 
the land, and in cases for which the Company had not made special pro- 
vision the customs of Holland were to prevail. A Governor, to be entitled 
Director General was chosen. A Council, invested with legislative, judicial 
and executive functions was appointed to assist him. Their decisions were 
subject to review by the Chamber at Amsterdam. A koopman or secretary 
and a schout or sheriff were also added. These two lower officers were 
directed to make reports, not to the Director General, but to the Com- 
pany. This arrangement became the occasion for suspicion and ill will 
among them. 

On December 19, 1625, the Company chose as the first Director Gen- 
eral, Peter Minuit of Wesel on the Rhine. He was in life's prime, a man 
of vigor and Christian principle. While Minuit was preparing for his 
journey, on April 2, 1626, his brother-in-law Jan Huygen (Huyck) was 
appointed to accompany him as a second comforter of the sick. After a 
short voyage they arrived in New Netherland on May 4, 1626. 

The colony at once felt the hand of a master. Minuit's attitude toward 
the Indians was similar to that of Penn at a later day and the results were 
similar. Having adjusted the title to the territory the new Director Gen- 
•eral began building operations. A fort was begun, a stone house for the 
Director and Koopman was erected. Windmills for grinding grain and 
sawing wood were 'built. Piles were driven to form a dock in the East 
River, and the huts of the first settlers began to be replaced by more 
substantial dwellings. 

The negro slaves of the Company were set to clearing land and soon 
cattle were pasturing and grain was waving on the six farms extending 
across the island just north of the settlement. 

In the midst of this activity the two comforters of the sick, Krol and 
Huygen, performed their spiritual functions. There were now about two 
Tiundred people on Manhattan and since there was as yet no room suffici- 
ently large to accommodate so many, we may be sure that religious ser- 
vices were conducted during the summer of 1626 out of doors. But a 
place of worship was about to be provided. Because the low ground in 
the vicinity was good for tan pits the Director constructed a horse mill 
to grind bark for tanning at about what is now 32 and 34 South William 
Street. In the second story of this building a large room was provided 
for church purposes and a small belfry crowned the whole. The original 
account of its erection states : "Francoys Molemaecker is busy making a 
horse mill over which shall be constructed a spacious room, sufficient to 
accommodate a large congregation. Moreover a tower is to be erected 
where the bells from Porto Rico will be hung." 

When this church room was completed the congregation moved into it, 
and for the first time prayer and praise ascended from a house of God 
upon Manhattan Island. From this period comes the first definite refer- 
ence to religious services. It is brief but satisfactory: "Sebastiaen Jansz 
Krol and Jan Huyck are comforters of the sick. These while awaiting 



PREPARATION FOR THE CHURCH IN AMERICA, I581-1628 5 

a clergyman, read to the commonalty on Sundays texts of Scripture and 
the creeds." 

Krol soon went to Fort Orange (Albany) where he acted as the Director 
General's representative and comforter of the sick for three years. This, 
so far as known, was the beginning of Reformed religious services within 
the colony but beyond the boundary of Manhattan. He returned however 
occasionally to New Amsterdam where his many friends were glad to see 
him and to listen to his voice in prayer, exhortation and praise. 

Jan Huygen acted as store keeper for the Company and as adviser to his 
brother-in-law the Director General. As occasion required he visited the 
sick and on Sabbath days led the services of the sanctuary of the upper 
chamber. He had come to the savage land not unprovided with religious 
books and these formed the beginning of the first church library in the 
middle colonies. 

Such was the preparation for the founding of the Reformed Church in 
America. The day of its organization was at hand. 



CHAPTER II. 
THE FOUNDING OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA, 1628-1632. 

The settlers on Manhattan were "awaiting a clergyman," and the West 
India Company in Holland was on the lookout for the right man for the 
place. Thereupon the Classis of Enkhuysen gave a call to one of their 
members, Rev. Jonas Michaelius, for that field, and he was appointed by 
the West India Company. 

It was no doubt the example of the Classis of Enkhuysen on this oc- 
casion, which suggested to the Synod of North Holland in 1628, the 
propriety of requiring special calls to all ministers who were to serve 
abroad. The next year the rule was also made to include schoolmasters 
and comforters of the sick. The Company was also requested to make 
special contracts with those whom the Classis sent to the colonies, and 
annual reports were required. 

Michaelius was the only minister sent by the Classis of Enkhuysen to 
New Amsterdam, for the business of the West India Company was steadily 
drifting to Amsterdam. As before stated, it had been decided that the 
Classis within whose bounds one of the commercial companies had their 
offices controlled all ecclesiastical matters within the colonies governed 
from that office. Therefore the Classis of Amsterdam without appointment 
soon came to be the chief manager of affairs in the Dutch colonies. In- 
deed in the case of Michaelius a committee of the Consistory (not Classis) 
of Amsterdam relieved the Classis of Enkhuysen of the burden of his care. 

A few years later, in 1636, the Classis of Amsterdam took upon itself 
the control of all foreign matters and the Consistory of Amsterdam gave 
up its responsibility. For this reason facts relating to religious officials 
sent to New Netherland before 1636 should be sought in the minutes of the 
Consistory of Amsterdam, and, after that date, in the minutes of the 
Classis of Amsterdam. 

The Classis of Amsterdam appointed a special committee styled "De- 
putati ad Res Exteras" to attend to its foreign churches. This committee 
carried on a continuous correspondence with the American Dutch churches 
until the Revolutionary War. 

The Classis of Amsterdam drew up a special form of call and letters 
of instruction for ministers, comforters of the sick and school masters 
going abroad. It also made arrangements for their special examination 
and recommendation to the companies which supported them and for cor- 
respondence with them. For the convenience of these Deputies on Foreign 

6 



THE FOUNDING OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA. 1628-IO32 7 

Aflfairs a transcript of all colonial church business was prepared in special 
volumes.' 

Shortly after, in 1638, the Classis of Amsterdam adopted a seal to be 
placed upon its official documents.'' 

Rev. Jonas Michaelius, the first Dutch pastor in America, was born 
February 10, 1584. He matriculated at the University of Leyden November 
17, 1598. He had held village pastorates in Holland and had served as a 
naval chaplain upon the coast of Brazil and Africa, before his appointment 
to New Netherland."" 

The Directors of the Company promised him a farm and he was supplied 
with seeds and plants to stock it. Accompanied by his wife, three children 
and a hired boy, he fared forth on Jan. 24, 1628. 

The voyage was long and stormy. The ship small and uncomfortable, 
with scanty food. The necessary discomforts were increased by the cook 
who took especial delight in annoying Mrs. Michaelius and the children. 
The drunken captain, whom Michaelius had known on the coast of Africa, 
was as "unmannerly as a buffalo." 

The sea-sick passengers stepped ashore on April 7, 1628, and were gladly 
received by the settlers of the island. Domine Michaelius at once organized 
a church, appointing Director General Minuit and Comforter of the Sick 
Huygen, elders and Bastiaen Krol, deacon. The last was only expected 
to serve as business at Fort Orange allowed his presence on Manhattan. 

The new Consistory then held their first meeting, the first assembly of 
its kind in America. Some of the people presented church certificates and 
some, upon their own testimony, and that of others that they were church 
members, were admitted to fellowship. A few joined on confession. 

Thus the first church of the middle colonies was organized, probably on 
April 10, 1628. This Church continues to this day, the Collegiate Reformed 
Protestant Dutch Church of the City of New York, the mother of the 
Reformed Church in America. 

About fifty persons, Walloons and Dutch, sat down to the Lord's Supper 
at that time. No doubt as they gazed from the windows of the rude mill 
loft over the wild country round about, they remembered with sadness the 
stately churches and beautiful worship of the Fatherland. But without 
their knowledge they were preparing the foundation of a mightier structure 
than Holland could ever know. 



'These volumes of "Extracts Relating- to Colonial Affairs" were not 
continued after 1705. The volumes of the Classis were not numbered 
until 1816. and then the numbering was not scientifically done. Vol. 
xxxix consists of "Extracts" from 1635-1648. Vol. xix of "Extracts" from 
1655-1705. Vol. xxxvii is an Index to Vol. xxxix. 

20n Aug-. 2, 1638, the Classis adopted a seal by the following minute: 
"The brethren deputed to devise a classical seal submitted to the assem- 
bly some designs drawn by them on paper. The one which was adopted 
by a majority of votes contained the words — 

VERITAS ET PAX, 
with an open Bible and an olive branch lying upon it and sprouting up 
out of it." — Minutes of Classic, volume iv., iiajsre 132. 

'It has been believed that Jonas Michaelius was born in 1577 and ma- 
triculated at Leyden University in 1600. But Professor Dr. A. Eekhof 
of Leyden University (Holland) discovered in the Dutch Archives that 
Michaelius matriculated on Nov. 17, 1598, and that he was fifteen years 
old on Feb. 10, 1599, thus fixing 1584 as the year of his birth. See his 
article. 



O THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

The life of the first pastor on Manhattan was full of sorrow and toil. 
Seven weeks after his arrival Domine Michaelius lost his wife, who had 
been to him "for more than sixteen years a virtuous, faithful and alto- 
gether amiable yoke-fellow." He found house-keeping without her very 
difficult, the food supply insufficient in amount and poor in quality and his 
flock rude but friendly. 

Mindful of Christ's great commission the Christian pastor at once took 
an interest in the children of the forest and began to make plans for their 
conversion. He was disappointed in them for he found them "entirely 
savage and wild, strangers to all decency, yea, uncivil and stupid as garden 
poles, proficient in all wickedness and godlessness." Their religious con- 
ceptions were of the slightest and their language difficult to acquire. He 
concluded that it was impossible to convert the older people but hoped by 
separating some of the children from their parents to make an impression 
upon them. There is no evidence that any of his efforts in behalf of the 
Indians had any definite result. 

In order to develop the colony the West India Company devised the 
scheme of patroonships. This plan adopted as the Charter of Freedoms 
and Exemptions in June, 1629, offered very large estates to any of the 
Directors of the Company who within a specified time would agree to 
colonize them. The Company reserved to itself the fur trade and the 
Island of Manhattan, intending to make New Amsterdam the emporium 
of the country. 

The duties of religion and education were emphasized in the charter 
given to the patroons by the following article : 

"The patroons and colonists shall, in particular, and in the speediest man- 
ner, endeavor to find out ways and means, whereby they may support a 
minister and schoolmaster, that thus the service of God and the zeal for 
religion may not grow cold and be neglected among them, and that they 
may at first procure a comforter of the sick." 

By this article was laid the foundation for the establishment of the Re- 
formed Church in America. 

The system of patroonships was a failure. An unfortunate condition 
arose in which the interests of a patroon were in direct opposition to 
his duty as a Director of the Company. Great quarrels resulted among 
the principals in Holland and were soon transferred to their agents in 
America. The infant colony of New Netherland was aflame with discord. 

Deacon Krol at Fort Orange seems to have held aloof from the dispute 
and Elder Huygen on Manhattan remained inconspicuous, but Director 
General Minuit and Domine Michaelius were involved. It is probable that 
both men offended officials of the Company, whose dishonest plans for per- 
sonal profit they crossed. Of Michaelius it was said : "The minister, Jonas 
Michielsz, is very energetic here stirring up fire between them (the 
Director and other officials). He ought to be a mediator in God's church 
and community, but he seems to be the contrary." 

Director General Minuit, the first Dutch elder in America, was recalled 
and left his province under a cloud. Yet he had wrought nobly in the 



THE FOUNDING OF THE CHURCH IN AMERICA, 1628-1632 9 

wilderness and he justly is considered the founder of the State of New 
York, for he was the first to set up a civil administration. 

Domine Michaelius left his flock pastorless in the wilderness about the 
same time. He reported to the Consistory of Amsterdam on March 4, 1632. 
The same year he also was examined as to conditions in the Colony by the 
West India Company. They were displeased with him, and at a later 
date, 1637, when the Classis proposed to send him back to America, the 
Company curtly vetoed the proposition. He subsequently preached in 
Dutch churches in England and then retired to Zeeland, where he dis- 
appears from view at about sixty years of age. 

Rev. Jonas Michaelius, Director General Minuit, Jan Huygen and 
Bastiaen Jansen Krol constituted the first Consistory of the Collegiate Re- 
formed Protestant Dutch Church of the City of New York, and as such 
thev were the founders of the Reformed Church in America.* 



■■Three mural tablets in honor of the first Consistory of the Reformed 
Church in America were erected in the Middle Dutch Church, New York 
City in the year 1900 by William L. Brower, "a successor in ecclesiastical 
office." See Manual of 1902, p. 21. 



CHAPTER III. 
CHURCH LIFE IN THE WILDERNESS, 1632-1647. 

After the departure of Director General Minuit and Domine Michaelius 
in 1632, Deacon Krol was "elected" Director. During his short administra- 
tion of thirteen months the colony had the happiness to have few annals 
and the life of the Church is obscure. It had been weakened by party 
strife and by the departure of its pastor, but we may be sure that Krol 
would not allow the people to remain without religious services. Krol 
returned to Holland about 1633 but continued to serve the West India 
Company as Comforter of the Sick. He is last mentioned in 1645. He 
is worthy of honor as the iirst known conductor of Reformed Church ser- 
vices in the New World.^ 

Meantime the Company was ready to send and support a minister on 
Manhattan and the Classis of Amsterdam was looking for the right man 
to fill the difficult office. Their choice fell upon Everardus Bogardus, a 
young man of about 25 years of age, and a graduate of Leyden University.'' 
He had had experience as a Comforter of the Sick in Guinea but was not 
yet ordained. He was accordingly examined and promoted to the sacred 
office in June, 1632. 

At about the same time the West India Company made an unwise selec- 
tion of Wouter Van Twiller for the Directorship of New Netherland. 
The next spring Van Twiller with several officials for the colony and a 
company of soldiers embarked for New Amsterdam. Among them were 
Rev. Everardus Bogardus and Adam Roelandsen, "Schoolmaster." The 
latter was probably sent by the Consistory of Amsterdam and we may sup- 
pose that he opened his school soon after his arrival. He received a formal 
appointment by the Classis of Amsterdam in 1637. Hence that date is gen- 
erally given as that of the beginning of the school system in America. It 
is practically certain however that the real foundation of the school was 
four years earlier. Roelandsen was totally unfit in character to be an in- 
structor of youth. 



'On Oct. 7, 1645, Krol married as his second wife Engeltie Baerents van 
Norde, widow of Abram Valentyn. 

^In 1875 the "General Catalogue of the University of Leyden" ("Album 
Studiosorum Academise Lugduno Batavse") was published, containing the 
names and other facts of all the students for three centuries. Hague, 
4to, pp. 1723. By Martinus Nijhoff. A copy of this was procured by Dr. 
B. T. Corwin in 1898, and belongs to the Collegiate Church of New York. Also 
the "General Catalogue of the University of Utrecht" ("Album Studio- 
sorum Academise Rheno-Trajectinae," 1636-1886). This also belongs to 
the Collegiate Church. There is also a "General Catalogue of the Uni- 
versity of Groningen, published about 1826. These Catalogues contain 
hundreds of English and Scotch names, as well as almost all of those 
of the early American Dutch ministers. 

10 



CHURCH LIFE IN THE WILDERNESS, 1632-1647 II 

Bogardus himself was not without genuine piety, but he was of hasty 
temper and of coarse speech. His appetites were not properly controlled 
and he was subject to fits of remorse when he would serve the communion 
to others but would not partake of it himself. As the new pastor surveyed 
his field he found that his congregation consisted of three or four hun- 
dred persons of very miscellaneous character. He began to labor among 
them with enthusiasm, not neglecting the negroes and Indians. The people 
in the earlier part of his ministry responded to his efforts and his sermons 
were said to be "good sermons." The mill loft was no longer adequate 
and a church and parsonage were erected. This church, for which the 
West India Company paid the bills, was located on a high point of land 
fronting the East River, near what is now Pearl street, between White- 
ball and Broad streets. Although of mean architecture, it was a conspicu- 
ous object to vessels coming up the bay, and it is to be respected as the 
first edifice 'built exclusively for church purposes upon Manhattan Island. 

In his new parsonage, close to the church, Domine Bogardus lived for 
five years in bachelor estate, drawing his rations from the Company's 
stores, whose official he was. At the end of that time in 1638 he married 
Anneken Jans, whose first husband's farm then became known as the 
Domine's "Bouwerie." This estate, the most renowned farm in America, 
afterward came into possession of Trinity Church and was the source of 
its wealth.^ 

Bogardus was inclined to meddle with other people's affairs and he 
became involved in several bitter quarrels during the administration of 
Van Twiller. Accusations were made against him to the Classis of Amster- 
dam, but his own Consistory supported him. Bogardus desired to return 
to Holland to defend himself but the Council resolved, July 8, 1638, "to 
retain the minister here, so that the increase of God's Word may be in no 
manner prevented." The nature of the trouble is obscure and the matter 
was finally dropped without a decision. 

In the midst of these trials Bogardus continued to preach and to do 
pastoral work and God gave "great grace and blessing upon the proclama- 
tion of his saving Word in those strange and far distant lands" and 
granted *'a reasonable degree of prosperity to his church there." 

The administration of Director General Van Twiller was a farce and 
he was recalled. But that of his successor, William Kieft was destined to 
be a tragedy. Kieft was an adventurer of bad repute. It is strange that 
when the fortunes of the West India Company were failing and the colony 
especially needed an administration of wisdom, character and energy, the 
Directors should choose for the position, September. 1637, a man whose 
picture had been nailed to the gallows and who was known to have been 
an embezzler. 

Kieft found the affairs of the colony in great disorder and he proceeded 
at once to cure the evils by proclamation. He also played the tyrant with 
energy and was very skillful in providing for his own profit. But just 



'For the story of this farm see numerous allusions thereto in the Ecc. 
Rec. of State of N. Y. to be found in the Index under the heading Anneke 
Jans. 



12 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

at this time, 1638, the States General infused some wisdom into the manage- 
ment of the West India Company. Under their direction the Company 
threw open the country to trade and various wise rules for the advance- 
ment of the colony were made. 

In 1640 the charters of the old patroonships were modified so that 
others beside directors of the Company could acquire land and many 
advantages were ofifered. The Company passed the following act in re- 
gard to religion : 

"And no other religion shall be publicly admitted in New Netherland 
except the Reformed, as it is at present preached and practised by public 
authority in the United Netherlands; and for this the Company shall pro- 
vide and maintain good and suitable preachers, schoolmasters and com- 
forters of the sick." 

The efifect of these reforms was at once apparent. The farms on Man- 
hattan Island increased within a year from seven to thirty. New settle- 
ments were made by the Dutch on Staten Island and elsewhere, and many- 
English Puritans of the Presbyterian type began to settle under the Dutch 
flag, especially upon the western end of Long Island. Among these were 
the Presbyterian ministers Rev. Francis Doughty and the Rev. Richard 
Denton. These men for a time were treated well by Kieft and received 
patents granting them religious freedom. Thus they became the founders 
of Presbyterianism in the colony. 

Father Jogues, the first Roman Catholic priest to visit the region, in 
1643, described conditions and said of religion, "No religion is publicly 
exercised but the Calvinistic, and orders are to admit none but Calvinists. 
But this is not observed, for there are in the colony. Catholics, English 
Puritans, Lutherans, Anabaptists, here called Mennonists, etc." 

From this era date the first Records of the Collegiate Church in New 
York. The Amsterdam correspondence mentions earlier records but none 
are extant before 1639. Domine Selyns, pastor from 1682-1701, collected 
the material that he found and copied it. His copies are the records now 
in the possession of the Collegiate Church.* 

At this time provision was also made for the poor, and a contribution 
box was hung in the house of the Director, in which fines and gifts for the 
poor were deposited. 

About 1640 the congregation on Manhattan began to be ashamed of the 
bare, little church, which looked "like a mean barn." After much dis- 
cussion a much larger, more imposing structure of stone was erected within 
the fort. This situation was unfortunate, but Kieft insisted upon it against 
the wish of most of the people. 

Part of the money for this building was obtained from subscriptions 
June 29, 1642, at the wedding festivities of Domine Bogardus' step- 
daughter. "After the fourth or fifth drink" Kieft produced a paper, 
putting his name to a liberal sum at the head of the list. "Each then with 



<These records are preserved in a long- series of volumes in the vaults 
of the Colleg-iate Church, 113 Fulton Street, New York City. They were 
kept in Dutch until the Revolutionary War, but have been translated by 
Dr. T. W. Chambers. 



CHURCH LIFE IN THE WILDERNESS, 1632-1647 I3 

a light head, subscribed away at a handsome rate, one competing with the 
other, and ahhough some heartily repented it when their senses came 
■back, they were obliged nevertheless to pay ; nothing could avail against 
it." 

An ambiguous inscription was placed in the front wall of this church: 
"Anno 1642. Willem Kieft Directeur Generael, heeft de ghemeente desen 
tempel doen bouwen." "In the year 1642 William Kieft, the Director 
General, the congregation caused to build this temple." 

In 1790 when the fort was demolished, this stone was found. It was 
taken to the belfry of the Garden Street Church, where it was destroyed 
in the great fire of 1835. 

As soon as the building of the church in the fort was sufficiently ad- 
vanced the congregation moved into it, but terrible events were at hand 
and it was not to be completed for several years. 

Kieft's despotism toward the settlers had been somewhat restrained by 
the West India Company, and especially by his fear of the States General. 
But no such scruples hindered him in his treatment of the Indians. The 
culmination of many acts of wicked folly occurred on February 25, 1643. 
Against the protests of Domine Bogardus and others on that night he 
ordered a massacre of a large number of sleeping Indians in revenge for 
an individual murder. 

This act resulted in a general uprising of the savages with all the horrors 
of bar^barous warfare. South of the Highlands of the Hudson few 
isolated farm houses remained and only those settlers survived who had 
taken refuge at the fort. After months of agony the Indians were reduced 
to a sullen peace. 

Even the despotic Kieft was shaken by the course of events and at the 
conclusion of hostilities he proclaimed a day of thanksgiving. The Presby- 
terian ministers on Long Island and Domine Megapolensis at Rensselaer- 
wyck observed the occasion. Domine Bogardus preached, "and a good 
sermon too," but refused to make any reference to the Director's orders 
or to the peace. His attitude brought to a climax the quarrel which had 
long been brewing between him and the Director. Kieft thereafter re- 
frained from church attendance and his example was followed by all those 
who wished his favor. But when Domine Megapolensis visited New 
Amsterdam and preached for Bogardus he attended the service to "admire 
the great gifts and talents which God hath bestowed upon him." 

This unseemly dispute waxed and waned as one or the other attacked 
the conduct of his enemy. At last things came to such a pass that Kieft 
encouraged the baser elements of the community to insult those who were 
on their way to church, and to play noisy games under the church win- 
dows during service. On at least one occasion he commanded a company 
of soldiers to practice shooting near the building while Bogardus was 
preaching. 

Meanwhile Bogardus and his friends were not slack in their efiforts to 
obtain the recall of the despotic Director. 

The appeals against Kieft were successful and on May 24, 1647, the 



14 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

new Director General, Peter Stuyvesant, arrived to succeed him. Kieft 
however had some of his enemies convicted and ordered to Holland for 
punishment. Domine Bogardus also determined to go to defend himself 
against Kieft's influence with the Classis of Amsterdam. He therefore 
resigned his pastorate on July 22, 1647, and prepared to embark. 

A large company of people, including Kieft, his prisoners, Domine 
Bogardus and others embarked for Holland on the ship Princess on 
August 16, 1647. On Sept. 27, 1647, the ship was wrecked on the coast 
of England and eighty-one persons perished. Among them were ex- 
Director General Kieft and Domine Bogardus. 

For several years Domine Bogardus had been the only Reformed min- 
ister in America, but in 1642 he welcomed to his fellowship the Rev. 
Johannes Megapolensis who was appointed to the pastorate at Fort Orange. 

Krol doubtless had conducted religious services there but probably no 
church had been established. Adrian Vander Donck while acting as sheriff 
of the new patroonship of Rensselaerwyck, had been impressed by the 
lawlessness of that extreme outpost of civilization. He accordingly urged 
the Patroon Van Rensselaer to secure a minister for the field in Holland. 
This was done and the^Rev. Johannes Megapolensis was secured. He had 
been brought up a Roman Catholic but in his own words, "The Father of 
mercies pitied me and opened the eyes of my mind, and by the rays of the 
salutary knowledge of Christ and of his merits enlightened me." He had 
held pastorates in Holland and was at this time about forty years of age. 

On March 6, 1642, the Patroon made a regular contract with Mega- 
polensis to serve as pastor at Rensselaerwyck for six years. A liberal 
arrangement for his support was provided and a library of books furnished. 
The Classis of Amsterdam approved the call and the minister and his 
family fared forth on their journey. 

They tarried on Manhattan for a while and it is probable that Mega- 
polensis preached for Bogardus as he is known to have done at a later date. 
The family were settled in their forest home by the middle of August, 1642. 

Megapolensis soon exerted a great influence in improving the morals and 
religion of the frontier community. He also was instrumental in saving 
the lives of several of the Jesuit missionaries who had been made captive 
by the Mohawks. He studied the language of the Indians and became 
quite proficient in it. As soon as he was able he began to labor among 
them, exposing himself to great inconvenience and danger to show to them 
the way of salvation. He was more successful than either Michaelius or 
Bogardus had been on Manhattan and several of them united with his 
church. He remained in Rensselaerwyck until 1649 and securely laid the 
foundation of the church there. 

Thus within less than a generation of the planting of a permanent colony 
in New Netherland, two churches had been established and three ministers 
had labored upon the field. 



CHAPTER IV. 

THE CHURCH FULLY ESTABLISHED UNDER THE WEST 
INDIA COMPANY, 1647-1664. 

When Peter Stuyvesant arrived to assume the government of New 
Netherland, he brought with him the Rev. Johannes Cornelisz Backerus, 
whom he had picked up at Curacoa during his voyage to America. Back 
erus had been serving the church there. He was a poor man of little educa- 
tion, "quicker with his tongue than with his pen." They found the church 
on Manhattan of about 170 members, but sadly divided because of the 
disputes between Kieft and Bogardus. The people however urged Back- 
erus to become their pastor and he remained for a time (1647-1649) al- 
though much against his will. 

Stuyvesant was elected an elder in the Church and the two men labored 
together for the moral and religious welfare of the community. The 
church building in the fort was completed and a day of prayer observed. 

Backerus was shocked at the amount of drunkenness which he found 
among the people. Although liquor cost 200 per cent more than in Holland 
there were seventeen tap rooms in the little town and he declared that 
three or four were sufficient. Stuyvesant himself was displeased both with 
the bibulous habits of his subjects and with the small revenue derived 
from the sale of liquor. He therefore issued an order against tippling 
during divine service, and a little later he forbade the sale of liquor to the 
Indians. After nine in the evening no drinks were to be sold to any one. 
Measures to increase the revenue from liquor were also adopted. These 
laws were strengthened from time to time but with only moderate success. 

The new Director General also decreed (1648) that "from this time 
forth, in the afternoon as well as in the forenoon, there shall be preaching 
from God's Word, and the usual exercise of Christian prayer and thanks- 
giving" which all persons were required "to frequent and attend." Other 
laws upon the same subject were passed from time to time. 

But Stuyvesant soon began to show an arbitrary spirit, and the inde- 
pendent people of the province drew up an elaborate remonstrance against 
his government and dispatched it to Holland. This greatly displeased the 
Director and he forbade Backerus to mention the subject from his pulpit. 
As a result of this Remonstrance an elective judiciary was secured, and 
New Amsterdam was incorporated in 1653 with a burgher government, 
somewhat after the model of the cities of Holland. Regular books of 
record were begun and a form of prayer was adopted, with which the 
court was to open its proceedings. The island of Manhattan now became 
the city of New Amsterdam. 

15 



l6 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

In 1649 both the Dutch pastors in America were very desirous to return 
to Holland. With that object in view Domine Megapolensis resigned his 
charge at Fort Orange and came to Manhattan. He found Domine Back- 
erus about to sail, and, rather than leave the province without a pastor, 
he unselfishly consented to remain in New Amsterdam. Mrs. Mega- 
polensis, who had already gone back to the Fatherland, recrossed the sea, 
and the faithful pair settled down to a long life of useful service on Man- 
hattan. (1649-1670). 

After the departure of Megapolensis from Fort Orange, for a time a 
suspended minister, William Grasmeer, attempted to serve that church. 
But the Classis of Amsterdam secured his dismissal and sent in his place 
Rev. Gideon Schaats, who was to act as pastor and schoolmaster and also 
"to use all Christian zeal there to bring up both the heathens and their 
children in the Christian religion." At about this time the church of Fort 
Orange had two hundred members. Domine Schaats served that church 
with moderate ability and amid domestic troubles for forty-two years. 
(1652-1694). 

French and English were coming into the province in large numbers, and 
in 1652 by the advice of Stuyvesant the Company sent over as a colleague 
for Domine Megapolensis, the Rev. Samuel Drisius, who could preach in 
Dutch, French and English. Beside assisting at the church in the fort, he 
found large opportunity for the exercise of his gifts over an extensive 
territory. His ministry lasted for twenty-one years, 1652-1673. 

Drisius' proposal for the establishment of a Latin school was approved 
by the Company, who sent out Dr. Alexander Carolus Curtius to open a 
classical academy. After three years of rather unsuccessful service he was 
succeeded in 1662 by Aegidius Luyck, who had 'been a tutor in the family 
of the Director General. 

Both Megapolensis and Drisius were very acceptable to Stuyvesant. The 
former accompanied as chaplain the troops sent against the Swedes on the 
Delaware and the latter at one time acted as the Director General's envoy 
to Virginia. Of them he remarked: "Their zeal in teaching, admonishing 
and discipline, their peaceable and edifying life and conduct, agreeable to 
ourselves and to the whole community, compel us all to pray that God will 
give them long life, for the best interest of his infant church here." 

The Dutch settlers upon Long Island had been accustomed to attend 
religious worship in the church in the fort. But in 1654 Megapolensis 
organized for them a church at Midwout. Just at this time Rev. John T. 
Polhemius^ was journeying from Brazil, where he had served the Com- 
pany, to Manhattan. On the way he stopped at New Amstel (New Castle), 
Delaware and founded the church there. 

Midwout (Flatbush) Amersfoort, (Flatlands) and Breuckelen were all 
founded in 1654 and Polhemius took the general oversight of them all. 
The next year Gravesend was added. Polhemius continued in service until 
1676. He was the first to propose an association of the American ministers 



^Several of these Dutch names are spelled in the way suggested by 
Prof. Eekhof of Leyden and not according to common American usage. 



FULLY ESTABLISHED UNDER THE WEST INDIA COMPANY IJ 

and churches. In 1662 he wrote: "We stand in need of communication with 
one another in the form of a Classis after the manner of the Fatherland. 
It is desirable that this be begun although I do not know of much business 
to be transacted." 

In 1659 the church of Esopus (Kingston) was organized and at about the 
same time the church of Breuckelen began to desire a minister for them- 
selves. Rev. Hermannus Blom was ordained and sent to Esopus. He con- 
tinued in that field for about seven years "where there was plenty of every 
thing but people." Rev. Henricus Selyns was ordained with Blom and they 
crossed the sea together. Selyns settled at Breuckelen. The settlement 
consisted of 134 people of whom 24 were church members. Selyns con- 
tinued a very acceptable service until 1664, when he returned to Holland. 
In order to increase Selyns' salary the Director General engaged him to 
preach on Sunday evenings at his bowery on Manhattan Island. This 
evening service beyond the limits of the town, at present Third avenue 
and Tenth street, became very popular and was frequented by both whites 
and blacks. 

In 1659 Michiel Zyperius began to labor among the French refugees 
settled at Harlem, and the next year a church was founded. In 1661 French 
services were begun at Bushwyck, L. I., and on the south side of Staten 
Island, where Domine Drisius preached twice a month. At about the 
same time Bergen, N. J., was settled. The people erected a log church and 
twenty-seven members were enrolled. For ninety years this little flock 
conducted service for themselves with an occasional visit from the Alan- 
hattan pastors. 

In 1664 Rev. Samuel Megapolensis, son of the Manhattan pastor, having 
studied at Harvard in America and completed his education in Holland, 
returned to the land of his childhood. He became for four years, 1664- 
1668, a colleague of his father and Drisius. He doubtless paid much atten- 
tion to the outlying stations. He was never satisfied with his life in the 
frontier pastorate and therefore sought and obtained service in Holland. 

Thus during the thirty-six years (1628-1664) that the Reformed Dutch 
Church was the established Church of New Netherland there were eleven 
churches organized and two outstations. Thirteen ministers had labored 
in the country and six were in service at the close of the period. 

Altho the Reformed Dutch Church was the established church of the 
colony many other sects were represented among the people. In 1655 
Domine Megapolensis wrote : "We have here Papists, Mennonites and 
Lutherans among the Dutch ; many Puritans and Independents, also 
atheists and other servants of Baal among the English under our gov- 
ernment, who conceal themselves under the name of Christians." 

The first Roman Catholic priests to visit New Amsterdam were the 
Jesuit fathers, Jogues in 1642 and Bressani in 1644. In 1657 the Jesuit 
Father Simon LeMoyne, for twenty years a missionary among the Mo- 
hawks, spent the winter in New Netherland. By invitation he visited 
Manhattan and heard the confession of the few Catholics there. 

LeMoyne called upon Domine Megapolensis and thanked him for his 



lb THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

kindness to the Jesuit missionaries whom he had aided to escape from their 
captivity among the Red Men. Upon his return to Canada he sent to 
Megapolensis a long apology for the Roman Catholic faith and urged 
him to return to the bosom of the true Church, which he had abandoned in 
his youth. Megapolensis replied in a long polemic document which is in- 
teresting to the modern historian as showing the seventeenth century 
Protestant view of Roman Catholicism.^ 

The influence of the few Roman Catholics in New Netherland was 
negligible, but the growth of other sects became a thorn in the flesh of 
Reformed ministers and congregations. 

In 1653 the Lutherans asked Stuyvesant for permission to call a minister 
from Holland and to hold public worship. The request was refused and 
for a time the matter rested. But the agitation was revived and in 1657 
a Lutheran clergyman, the Rev. John Ernest Gutwasser, sent secretly by 
the Lutheran Church of Amsterdam, arrived. Gutwasser was cited before 
the authorities, hampered in his movements and finally ordered to return 
to Holland, which order he evaded for a while. The Company approved 
of his dismissal, "though it might have been done in a more gentle way." 

The opposition of Stuyvesant to conventicles, while it found its most 
illustrious prey among the Lutherans, was not chiefly directed against them 
but against lesser sectaries who flourished chiefly on Long Island. Of that 
region Megapolensis wrote in 1657, "They have become imbued with divers 
opinions and it is with them 'quot homines tot sententiae.' " 

Stuyvesant's unwise zeal for orthodoxy led him to issue various edicts 
against the heretics. In this he was in general supported by the Dutch 
ministers with the exception of Polhemius who boldly declared that efforts 
to compel the conscience "were displeasing to God." 

In the eyes of the Director General the Quakers were the leading offend- 
ers and under his orders several of them suffered severely in body and 
estate. But as usual persecution did not accomplish its object, and Mega- 
polensis was compelled to admit, (Sept. 24, 1658) "The raving Quakers 
have not settled down, but continue to disturb the peace of the province by 
their wanderings and outcries. For although our government has issued 
orders against the fanatics, nevertheless they do not fail to pour forth 
their venom." 

In those days the West India Company was seeking to secure settlers 
for Long Island, but found that Stuyvesant's bigotry was hindering the 
growth of population. After another outburst of persecution, the Company 
lost patience with their zealous Director and wrote to him warning him 
against the course he was pursuing. In conclusion they said : "You may 
therefore shut your eyes, at least not force people's consciences, but allow 
every one to have his own belief, as long as he behaves quietly and legally, 



^Megapolensis sent a copy of this paper to the Classis of Amsterdam, 
which was recovered by Mr. Brodhead in 1841, and is now in the Archives 
of General Synod (1921), but in a perishing condition. It is written in 
the peculiar chirography of the 17th century, in Latin, and the words are 
much abbreviated. It seemed at first impossible to decipher and trans- 
late it, but this was done by Prof. Louis Bevier, of Rutgers College. 
We have it now, printed in Latin and English by authority of the Col- 
legiate Church of N. Y. 



FULLY ESTABLISHED UNDER THE WEST INDIA COMPANY I9 

gives no offence to his neighbors and does not oppose the government. 
As the government of this city (Amsterdam) has always practised this 
maxim of moderation, and consequently has often had a considerable influx 
of people, we do not doubt that your province too would benefit by it." 

This reproof was effectual. Persecution ceased in New Netherland. When 
some of those whom Stuyvesant had wronged later met him on the street 
"he seemed ashamed of what he had done." 

The people of the Dutch Church on Manhattan were also much annoyed 
by the Jews, who began to appear in the city in 1654. Many of them were 
poor and appealed to Megapolensis for assistance. The deacons of the 
Church were compelled to spend several hundred guilders in aiding them 
and loud were the complaints thereat. They were unpopular neighbors. 
Of them Megapolensis said, "These people have no other God than the 
unrighteous Mammon, and no other aim but to get possession of Christian 
property, and to surpass all other merchants by drawing all trade unto 
themselves." 

Their political and social rights were curtailed for a time but the West 
India Company had many Jewish stockholders and when the facts became 
known they rebuked Stuyvesant for his attitude and required that Jewish 
privileges be restored. 

The story of the relation of the Dutch Reformed Church of New Nether- 
land to other religious bodies, is one of the darker pages of her history. 
Yet it must be remembered that cases of persecution were exceptional, 
and Stuyvesant, supported by the ministers, especially Megapolensis, was 
chiefly to blame. These deeds of oppression were contrary to Dutch policy, 
and condemned by public opinion. If the Director had been a constitutional 
ruler they could not have occurred. The people of New Netherland were 
therefore not as responsible for them as were the people of New England 
for like persecutions in the same era. Clouds of bigotry floated around 
the head of the Reformed Church in America, but the dawn was breaking 
and her face was toward the light. 

More than fifty years had passed since that autumn day in 1609 when the 
waters of the "Great River of the Mountains" first lapped around the 
prow of a Dutch ship. During this period the American coast had awakened 
from its sleep of ages. 

In New England the primeval wilderness had become the abode of 
civilized men of English descent. Upon the south the little company of 
half starved adventurers had become a prosperous British colony. Be- 
tween these in the best part of the land lay New Netherland, a Dutch 
alien, separating English brethren. Thus the geographical situation of the 
Dutch province boded ill for the future. 

Political conditions were also favorable for a conquest by the English. 
The Dutch West India Company was merely a money making organiza- 
tion. It had never taken a proper interest in the colony, from which less 
dividends could be abstracted than from semi-piracy upon the Spanish 
Main. New Netherland was therefore neglected and there was in it little 
patriotism or public spirit. 



20 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

It is not surprising therefore that the British Government was seeking 
pretexts for conquest and that the colony itself was ill prepared to with- 
stand attack. 

Altho warnings were not lacking the people of New Netherland went 
their self-interested ways unmindful of the political change which was 
about to occur. 

The last ordinance of New Netherland on the subject of religion was 
passed in March, 1664. This provided that the children of the schools 
should under the care of their masters, attend divine service on Wednes- 
day mornings. After the sermon they were to receive public instruction 
in the catechism. They were then to be dismissed for that day "and allowed 
a decent recreation." 

On a bright day in August, 1664, four English frigates, their black sides 
shining in the sun, their ports bristling with canon, their decks crowded 
with about a thousand soldiers, appeared ofif Coney Island. There was 
great consternation on Manhattan and a messenger was hastily sent north- 
ward to summon the Director who was touring in the upper regions of his 
province. Stuyvesant hurried homeward, collecting such soldiers and 
militiamen as he could. His entire force was less than half the English 
and his gun power was only about one-sixth. Beside this he was in- 
sufficiently supplied with powder. 

On the 4th of September, 1664, the fleet came up the bay and anchored 
oflF the island with their guns trained on the fort. The English commander, 
Nicolls, then sent a message demanding the surrender of the place. 

A panic arose in the city and at the suggestion of Domine Megapolensis 
a petition signed by many of the chief men of the town was presented to 
Stuyvesant urging him to surrender without bloodshed. At first he re- 
fused but the women and children crowded around him weeping and im- 
ploring him to save their lives. Councilor De Sille protested against re- 
sistance declaring "Resistance is not soldiership, it is sheer madness." 
The two domines Megapolensis, father and son, were standing by. The 
older man laid his hand upon the Director's heaving shoulder saying, 
"Of what avail are our poor guns against that broadside of more than 
sixty. It is wrong to shed blood to no purpose." "Well, let it be so," 
at last cried Stuyvesant, "I would rather be carried to my grave." In a 
few moments a white flag fluttered over Fort Amsterdam and the Dutch 
regime in America was ended. 
Dutch Reformed Ministers in New Netherland, 1628-1664: 

Jonas Johannis Michaelius, 1628-1632. Returned to Holland. 

Everardus Wilhelmus Bogardus, 1633-47. Drowned on way to Holland. 

Johannes Megapolensis, 1642-70. Died in New York. 

Johannes Backerus, 1647-49. Returned to Holland. 

[Wilhelmus Grasmecr, a suspended minister, 1651-2. Returned to Hol- 
land.] 

Samuel Drisius, 1652-73. Died in New York. 

Gideon Schaats, 1652-94. Died in Albany. 

Johannes Theodorus Polhemius, 1654-76. Died on Long Island. 



FULLY ESTABLISHED UNDER THE WEST INDIA COMPANY 21 

Casparus Carpentier, 1657-84. Died in Delaware. 
Everardus Welius, 1657-59. Died in Delaware. 
Michael Zyperius (Siperius), 1659-64. Went to Virginia. 
Hermannus Blom, 1660-67. Returned to Holland. 
Henricus Selyns, 1660-64. Returned to Holland. 
^GiDius LuYCK, 1662-75. Teacher of Grammar School. 
Warnerus Hadson. Died on passage to America (1664). 
Samuel Megapolensis, 1664-68. Returned to Holland. 
Dutch Reformed Churches in New Netherlands, 1628-1664. 
Manhattan or New Amsterdam (New York), 1628. 
Fort Orange, Beverwyck, or Rensselaerwyck (Albany), 1642. 
New Amstel (New Castle), Del., 1654. 
Midwout (Flatbush), L. I., 1654. 
Amersfoort (Flatlands), L. I., 1654. 
Breuckelen (Brooklyn), L. I., 1654. 
Gravesend, L. I., 1655. 
Esopus (Kingston), 1659. 
Bergen, N. J., 1660. 
Stuyvesant's Bouwerie (station), 1660. 
Haarlem, 1660. 
Bushwyck, 1661. 
Staten Island (station), 1661. 

AUTHORITIES FOR THE FIRST PERIOD. 

It has been thought best in general not to burden the pages of this work 
with reference to the authorities for particular statements. The following 
is a list of original documents and important histories upon which the 
narrative of the First Period is based. 

Asher, G. M. Henry Hudson, the Navigator, the original documents col- 
lected in the Hakluyt Society Publications, London, i860. 
Bayley, J. R. A Brief Sketch of the Early History of the Catholic Church 

on the Island of New York. New York, 1870. 
Brodhead, J. R. History of the State of New York, 2 vols. New York, 

1853. 
Centennial Discourses of the Reformed Dutch Church in America, New 

York, 1877. 
Cort, Cyrus. Peter Minuit Memorial, Dover, Del., 1895. 
Corwin, E. T. American Church History Series, Vol. VIII. 

The Dutch Reformed Church in America, New York, 1895. 

Ecclesiastical Records of the State of New York, 6 vols, and Index, 
Albany, 1901-1905. The main authority for the History of the Re- 
formed Church in America during the colonial period. 

Manual of the Reformed Church in America, 4th ed. 1902, New York. 
Demarest, D. D. The Reformed Church in America, New York, 1889. 
De Witt, Thomas. Historical Discourse, New York, 1856. 
Dunshee, H. W. History of the School of the Collegiate Reformed Dutch 

Church in the City of New York, from 1633 to 1883, New York, 1883. 



22 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Eekhof, A. Bastiaen Jansz Krol, krankenbezoeker, kommies en kom- 

mandeur van Nieuw-Nederland, s'Gravenhage Martinus Nyhoff, 1910. 

DeHervormde Kerk in Noord-Amerika, s'Gravenhage, Martinus 
Nyhoff, 1913, 2 vols., Count DeLoubat Prize. 

DeNoord-Amerikaasche predikant Henricus Selyns in de gemeente 
Waverveen, in : Nederlandsch Archief voor Kerkgeschiedenis, 
Nieuwe Serie, Deel XII (1916), p. 97-157. 
Fiske, John. Dutch and Quaker Colonies in America, 2 vols., New York 

and Boston, 1899. 
Griffis, W. E. The Story of New Netherland, New York, 1909. 
Groot Plakaet Boek, 8 vols., Edicts of the Dutch Republic. 
Innes, J. H. New Amsterdam and its People, New York, 1909. 
Kilpatrick, W. H. The Dutch Schools of New Netherland and Colonial 

New York, Washington, 1912. 
Lamb, M. History of New York, 2 vols., New York, 1877. 
Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland, 1638-1674, O'Callaghan, Albany, 

1868. 
New York, Documentary History of the State of, O'Callaghan, Albany, 

1849-1851, 4 vols. 
New York, Documenfs Relative to the Colonial History of the State of, 

procured in Holland, England and France by J. R. Brodhead, ed. by 

E. B. O'Callaghan, Albany, 1856-1861, 10 vols. 
Records of New Amsterdam, 1653-1674, ed. by B. Fernow, New York, 1897. 
Smith, William. History of the Province of New York till 1742, Albany, 

1814. 
Valentine, D. T. History of the City of New York, New York, 1853. 

Manual of the Corporation of the City of New York, 1841 to 1871, 
New York, 28 vols. 
Van Rensselaer-Bowier Manuscripts, Albany, 1906. 
Van Rensselaer, S. History of the City of New York in the Seventeenth 

Century, 2 vols.. New York, 1909. 
Vos, G. J. Arn. Voor den Spiegel der Historic. A. M. Stel's Kerkelyk 

Leven van Deeerste Zestig Jaren Der Vrijheid, Amsterdam, 1903. 
Year Books of the Collegiate Church, New York City, 1880-1921. 
Zwierlein, F. J. Religion in New Netherland, Rochester, N. Y., 1910 



SECOND PERIOD 

THE STRUGGLE OF THE CHURCH FOR CIVIL FREEDOM, 

1664-1708. 



CHAPTER V. 

THE FIRST YEARS OF THE CHURCH UNDER THE ENGLISH 
GOVERNMENT, 1664-1674. 

The report of the conquest of New Netherland caused great excitement 
in Holland and the West India Company sought for scapegoats which 
they could blame for its loss. Director General Stuyvesant who ordered 
the surrender and Domine Johannes Megapolensis, who urged him thereto, 
were the natural victims. Stuyvesant after many efforts and long delay 
obtained a grudging exoneration of his act but Domine Megapolensis 
never received the arrears of salary which the Company owed him. 

After a period of war peace was concluded between England and Hol- 
land by the Treaty of Breda in 1667. By this each government retained 
its conquests and thus New Netherland passed forever from the control 
of the West India Company. 

While the soldiers and diplomats of Europe were disputing about the 
conquest of New Netherland, in America the change of government was 
accepted as an accomplished fact. The Dutch had obtained excellent terms 
at the surrender, and although the Secret Instructions of the English Com- 
mander Nicolls, directed him to seek to establish Episcopacy, the privileges 
of the Dutch Church were carefully guarded. 

The English governor and his council were to be the executive authority 
of the province, now called New York. A Court of Assizes was estab- 
lished, which possessed the power formerly vested in the Dutch Director 
General. The civil position of the province was however anomalous. 
It was a sort of proprietary government, under the despotic patent of the 
Duke of York. The conqueror however was limited by the terms agreed 
upon in the surrender. These terms did not apply to the English towns on 
Long Island. The Dutch therefore possessed special privileges which 
were denied to their English neighbors. 

Governor Nicolls appointed a meeting to be held at Hempstead, L. I., 
to which he invited the several towns of Long Island and Westchester to 
send delegates, but no delegates were summoned from the Dutch towns of 

23 



24 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

New York. He there presented a code of laws, compiled largely from the 
New En^Jand codes, "with the abatement of severity against such as differ 
in matteis of conscience and religion." 

In reference to church rates the code declared that "Each inhabitant 
was to contribute to public charges in church and state according to his 
means." No Indian was to be suffered to "powow" or to pay outward 
worship to the devil. No Protestant denomination was specially mentioned 
and the Angelican Church was not established. The Reformed Dutch 
Church by the articles of capitulation retained its own ecclesiastical sys- 
tem. But in every parish a church was required to be built, the expense 
of which with the maintenance of the minister, was to be provided by the 
church wardens appointed yearly by the overseers and constables. No 
minister was to officiate but such as could produce testimonials to the Gov- 
ernor of having "received ordination either from some Protestant bishop 
or minister within some part of his Majesty's dominions or the dominions 
of any foreign prince of the Reformed Religion." Thereupon the Gov- 
ernor was to induct such minister "into the parish that shall make presenta- 
tion of him as duly elected by the major part of the inhabitants, being 
householders." Each minister was to preach every Sunday and upon other 
specified occasions. He was to pray for the King, Queen, Duke of York 
and all the royal family, baptize the children of Christian parents and 
marry persons after legal publication of sufficient license. No congrega- 
tion was to be disturbed during divine service ; "nor shall any person be 
molested, fined or imprisoned for differing in judgment in matters of re- 
ligion, who professes Christianity." There were many other items which 
do not belong to this history. 

This code, known as the "Duke's Laws" was intended ultimately to be- 
come the legal system of the whole province but Nicolls prudently ab- 
stained from enforcing it among the Dutch. It was at first applied only 
to Long Island and Staten Island. In 1673 it was extended to Esopus and 
after the reconquest by the English in 1675 to the entire province. 

The first two English Governors, Richard Nicolls (1664-1668) and 
Francis Lovelace (1668-1673) were upright and courteous and enjoyed 
great popularity. Therefore the seed of tyranny, contained in the English 
system were not perceived and in after times this period was considered 
something of a golden age. But the gold was not without alloy. "Abomin- 
ations and scandalous sins were daily committed and remained unpunished." 
Swearing, intemperance and impiety were common. 

In 1667 the superstitious were frightened by a comet, of which Domine 
Samuel Megapolensis wrote, "Last year we saw a terrible comet in the 
west a little above the horizon, with the tail upward and hanging over 
this place. It showed itself for about eight days and then disappeared. 
So we fear God's judgments but supplicate his favor." 

Following this omen there were rumors of an Indian uprising, much 
sickness and many deaths, so that the Governor appointed Sept. 8th, 1668, 
as a special day of humiliation and prayer. 

Although the Dutch Church had obtained excellent terms at the sur- 



CHURCH UNDER THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT, 1664-I674 2$ 

render, she was adversely affected by the change of government. Dutch 
immigration ceased and her growth was suddenly checked. The relation 
to the Classis of Amsterdam was modified by the political change, but the 
exact status was not defined. The State Church of Holland could not 
enforce its decisions upon the subjects of another nation. Indeed in 
1669 the Classis of Amsterdam declined to consider a case of discipline 
presented by the Church of New York, because they had no jurisdiction. 
The members of the Dutch Church were now naturalized Englishmen, 
but they were not members of the Church of England. But they could not, 
under the terms of the surrender, be classed as dissenters. The position 
was peculiar and liable to give rise to unexpected complications. 

The Dutch ministers were conciliatory to their English masters. Thus 
in October, 1664, Domines Megapoknsis and Drisius granted the use of 
the Church in the Fort to the chaplain of the English troops every Sab- 
bath after the Dutch service. A little later the French Huguenots were 
allowed to use the building for their worship when not otherwise engaged. 
Thus for twenty years that somber structure, called after the name of the 
ancient patron saint of Holland, St. Nicholas, heard the Gospel weekly in 
three languages, first Dutch, then English and then French.' 

The English officials were also conciliatory. They attempted to fulfill 
the terms of the surrender and they granted special tax exemptions to the 
Dutch pastors. But the domines found that under the English rule their 
labors were increasing and their difficulties multiplying. The chief trouble 
was financial. With the English conquest the support of the West India 
Company ceased. The church members had not been trained to give and 
contributions were small and irregular. Church property suffered and the 
ministers' salaries fell into arrears. On Manhattan Island the City authori- 
ties made some provision for the support of the church but with inadequate 
results. Domine Samuel Megapolensis said of the method for collecting 
pastors' salaries : "The manner also in which the above mentioned sum is 
collected is unpleasant and degrading and altogether unusual in our Dutch 
nation. They go around from house to house to collect the salary, and you 
may imagine the slights and murmurings occasioned thereby concerning the 
ministry and the ministers." 

Shortly after Domine Samuel Megapolensis returned to Holland but his 
father and Domine Drisius continued their labors in poverty and amid 
great discouragements. On Long Island Domine Polhemius, although 
aged, kept on with his labors. Schaats of Albany found it almost im- 
possible to live upon his meager salary and thought of returning to Hol- 
land, while Blom of Kingston forsook his field and did so. 

In the winter of 1670 the already depleted ranks of the Dutch ministry 
were still further reduced by the death of Domine Johannes Megapolensis. 
There were left only three ministers to care for ten thousand souls, and of 
these Domine Drisius was practically disabled by age and loss of memory. 
For a time Domine Polhemius extended his labors from Long Island to 



'Chaplains to the English force.s: 1664-78, unknown; Rev. Chas. Wol- 
lev, 1678-80; Rev. John Gordon, 1683-84; Rev. Josias Clarke, 1684-86; 
Rex. Alex. Innes, 1686-90; Rev. John Miller, 1692-95. 



26 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Manhattan and the schoohnaster aided with the services. Aegidius Luyck, 
the Latin teacher, whose request to be ordained in America (1667) had 
been denied also preached occasionally. 

The woful need of the Reformed Churches in America aroused the 
Consistory of New York to action. They obtained from the city authorities 
promise of aid for a minister's salary and then they wrote to the Classis 
of Amsterdam, telling of their weakened condition and asking that a 
minister might be sent them. 

The Classis chose William Van Nieuwenhuysen, ordained him and sent 
him to America in 1671. He served quietly and with success. Under his 
ministry the Church at Harlem drew into closer relation with the Church 
of New York and was allowed a representative in the New York Con- 
sistory. 

In the mean time war had again broken out in Europe. England and 
France joined their forces against Holland in an efifort to partition that 
country between them. The Dutch commander, Cornells Evertsen, cruis- 
ing in the West Indies determined to reconquer New York. Having 
augmented his forces he sailed northward and meeting with slight re- 
sistance, on August 9th, 1673, (N. S.) the Dutch flag again waved over 
Manhattan. The West India Company had nothing to do with this con- 
quest, and the province now passed into the hands of the States General.^ 

British sovereignty was annihilated and Anthony Colve was appointed 
Governor General over the whole territory. The Reformed Dutch Church 
was again established, and the new magistrates were required to be of the 
Reformed Religion and among other duties were sworn to maintain "the 
upright and true Christian Religion agreeably to the Word of God and the 
order of the Synod of Dort. Provisional Instructions required the magis- 
trates to "take care that the Reformed Christian Religion be maintained 
in comformity to the Synod of Dortrecht, without permitting any other 
sects attempting anything contrary thereto." Other religious bodies were 
tolerated however. 

Laws for the better observance of the Sabbath were enacted, and fines 
for certain ofifences were given for the support of the Reformed Church. 

Fond hopes of the establishment of a great Dutch State were excited. 
The colony had languished under the control of the West India Com- 
pany, but better things were expected under the genial rule of the States 
General. With such thoughts in mind Governor Colve issued a proclama- 
tion that as the province was now blessed with "the free and pure worship 
of God" and other mercies, the first Wednesday of each month should 
be observed as a day of fasting, humiliation and thanksgiving, on which 



^With the conquest of the Eng-lish the so-called New Style of reckon- 
ing time was changed to the Old Style. The New Style was ordered by 
Pope Gregory XIII in October, 1582, and adopted in all the countries 
on the continent of Europe except Russia. But it was not adopted in 
England. Hence in New Netherland the New Style was used but by the 
conquest of the English the Old Style was adopted. The change to the 
New Style was made by the English in 1752. That year was made to 
begin on January 1st, and on September 3 following, the Old Style ended, 
the next day being September 14th. 

Hence in New York between 1664 and 1752 there is double dating in 
the correspondence. The Old Style year began March 25. 



CHURCH UNDER THE ENGLISH GOVERNMENT, 1664-1674 27 

all labor, gaming and excess of drinking was strictly prohibited under 
penalty of corporal punishment. Doubtless the three Dutch ministers of the 
p'rovince, Schaats, Polhemius and Van Nieuwenhuysen observed these 
monthly days with gratitude for they were pleased with the return of the 
colony to the care of the Fatherland. 

But the war ended in Europe and by the treaty of Westminster, Feb. 
9-13, 1674, New Netherland was restored to England.^ 

Since the States General ceded New Netherland directly to the King 
of England the title of the Duke of York was extinguished. The King 
thereupon gave a new patent to the Duke. Thus James, the Duke of York 
became again the proprietor of a vast province in America. This was his 
by delegated right until it was merged in the possessions of the Crown 
upon his accession to the throne. 

James appointed as his Governor Major Edmund Andros. Andros was 
a liberal Episcopalian. He was directed to satisfy the people that he came 
for their protection and benefit. 

When the treaty of Westminster was proclaimed at the City Hall of New 
Orange (New York) there was great indignation and some confusion in 
the province, but order was enforced by severe measures. 

The Dutch Church feared that she might be oppressed under the re- 
stored English rule. She therefore obtained from Director Colve a 
reconformation of her rights according to the original articles of sur- 
render. 

On Nov. I (N. S.), 1674, Andros notified Colve that he was ready to 
receive the government. A cotnmittee was appointed to meet him and to 
request certain privileges. Andros satisfied them of his intention to respect 
their liberties and among other things declared that the usual discipline 
of the Dutch Church should be continued and that the Church on Man- 
hattan could keep their building in the Fort. On Nov. 10, 1674, (N. S.) 
Andros took possession of New York. For the second time the red flag 
of England waved over the sparkling waters of the bay, no more to be 
lowered until more than a century later, it was to give place to the stars 
and stripes. 

But although the Dutch rule departed forever from the country, the 
influence of Dutch custom and thought remained. They left a permanent 
impress upon the laws and civilization of New York and New Jersey. 
Dutch jurisprudence, founded on Roman Law, was superior to the con- 
temporary feudal law introduced by England. Hence the laws of those 
states were always more enlightened and humane than those of the other 
colonies coming directly from England — a direct result of the earlier Dutch 
institutions. 



'In this same year the old West India Company was finally dissolved. 
In 1675 a new company was formed on a much reduced basis, and which 
continued in existence until 1800, when, with the destruction of the 
Dutch Republic by the French Revolution, both the East and West India 
-companies were swept out of existence. 



CHAPTER VI. 
THE CHURCH BEGINS ITS STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM, 1674-1688. 

At the time when the colony on the Hudson finally passed under English 
authority, it had been inhabited by white men for about fifty years. Vil- 
lages were multiplying and bridle paths or rude cart tracks united the 
hamlets with each other. There was no lack of food, as in the early 
days, and the people lived in rude profusion. 

The town on Manhattan, which with Andros' arrival finally assumed 
the name of New York, was a compact little city. Business was prosperous 
and of the city and its society at this time, the Rev. Charles Wolley, 
chaplain to Governor Andros, said : "The city was a place of as sweet and 
agreeable air as ever I breathed in, and the inhabitants, both English and 
Dutch, very civil and courteous, as I may speak from experience, among 
whom I have often wished myself and family, to whose tables I was 
frequently invited, and always concluded with a gentle bottle of Madeira." 

Such was the province and town of which the English obtained final 
possession in 1674. The English Governors were destined to grow con- 
tinually more arbitrary, and under their rule the Dutch Reformed Church, 
was to advance toward its goal of civil and ecclesiastical freedom. The 
struggle for civil freedom developed earlier than the struggle for ec- 
clesiastical freedom. But both had their origin under the first Governor 
of the restored British authority. 

Governor Andros' Instructions on the subject of religion said: 

"You shall permit all persons of whatsoever religion quietly to inhabit 
within the precincts of your jurisdiction without giving them any dis- 
turbance or disquiet what soever for or by reason of their differing 
opinions in matters of religion. Provided they give no disturbance to ye 
publick peace, nor doe molest or disquiet others in ye free exercise of their 
Religion." 

This sounded well but the sequel proved that no faith could be placed 
in the fair words of Charles or James. 

On Nov. 9, 1674, Andros issued a proclamation confirming rights and 
property and re-establishing the Duke's Laws. 

Almost at once trouble arose over the acceptance of the civil oath of 
allegiance to Great Britain which was followed by improper interference 
in Dutch ecclesiastical matters. The Duke's Laws required each village to 
erect a church and support a minister. In Great Britain within Church of 
England circles, it was supposed that the Governor would exercise gen- 
eral oversight over the religious affairs of each parish. If a living were 
vacant they expected him to reserve the revenue for the next incumbent, 

28 



THE CHURCH BEGINS ITS STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM 29 

and induct a clergyman, preferably an Anglican, into the office as soon as 
possible. 

In reality the scattered villages were composed of people of many dif- 
ferent sects and most of the churches stood vacant. Some times churches 
asked the Governor to aid them in securing a pastor but this he was 
frequently unable to do. There were no Anglican ministers in the province 
except the Governor's chaplain, who, by special permission of the Dutch 
Consistory, used the Reformed Church in the fort for his worship, after 
the Dutch had concluded their service for the day. 

The few Independents, Presbyterians and other ministers of the colony 
were supported by voluntary contributions, and were often careless in the 
performance of their duties. Quakers and other dissenters were active 
and noisy. 

Among the Dutch churches conditions were in general more favorable, 
but at best they were inadequately manned and insufficiently supported. 
Under these circumstances the time was opportune for the encroachment 
of the civil power upon the rights of the Dutch Church. 

Rev. Nichols Van Rensselaer, son of the Patroon Van Rensselaer, had 
been licensed in Holland, but ordained a deacon by the Bishop of Salis- 
bury in England. He was therefore an Episcopal Dutchman. 

He failed to obtain a grant of his father's manor but was successful in 
obtaining the promise of a "living" in one of the churches of America. 

Andros desired to find him a place, and chose Albany as the field of his 
operations. But the Consistory of the Dutch Church in Albany resisted 
the attempt to make Van Rensselaer the colleague of Domine Schaats, even 
though the candidate was their former Patroon's son. Domine Van 
Nieuwenhuysen made the journey to the north to aid in this resistance 
and Van Rensselaer failed in his efforts. 

Later he attempted to baptize children in the Dutch Church of New 
York and was stoutly resisted by Van Nieuwenhuysen and his Consistory. 
They faced the wrath of the Governor and were successful in their at- 
titude. Van Rensselaer finally promised to submit himself to the Classis 
of Amsterdam and was permitted to exercise his functions in Albany 
but was soon removed by the Governor on account of his scandalous life. 
He died in 1680. 

This was the first of several efiforts of the English authorities to en- 
croach upon the liberties of the Dutch Church. Thanks to the wise 
courage of the valiant Van Nieuwenhuysen, the Church was victorious 
at this time. 

Shortly after this, another event occurred, prophetic of the distant day 
when the Dutch Reformed Church in America would attain ecclesiastical 
independence. There were in the province more than a dozen widely 
scattered Dutch Reformed Churches, most of them sadly in need of 
ministers. 

In 1675 a licensed bachelor of divinity of Utrecht, Peter Tesschcnmacher. 
served the church of Kingston for a few months. The next year that 
church petitioned Governor Andros to find them a minister, evidently in- 



30 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

tending that he should devise some way for the ordination of Tesschen- 
macher. But the Governor, probably remembering his discomfiture in the 
Van Rensselaer case, did not respond. For some time Tesschenmacher 
labored in other fields, and in September, 1679, the people of New Castle,. 
Del., called him to be their minister. 

To save delay, difficulty and expense of a trip to Holland, the delegates 
of this church asked the provincial Dutch clergymen to form themselves 
into a classis and ordain the candidate. Andros seconded the petition. 
Accordingly the Dutch clergymen, Van Nieuwenhuysen of New York, 
Schaats of Albany, Van Zuuren of Long Island and Van Gaasbeeck of 
Kingston, met at the house of Domine Van Nieuwenhuysen at New York, 
Oct. 9, 1679, examined and ordained Tesschenmacher. They then wrote 
an account of their act to the Classis of Amsterdam which wisely approved 
their course. 

This temporary classis was the first formal ecclesiastical body among 
the Dutch in America. Two generations later the struggle over American 
Dutch ordinations became long and fierce. It would have been well at 
that time if the classis in Holland and the ministers in America had pos- 
sessed the wisdom displayed by Van Nieuwenhuysen and his co-laborers. 

At about this time the peace of the Reformed churches was somewhat 
broken by the teachings of the Labadists. This sect received its name from 
Jean de Labadie, a French enthusiast, who held the doctrines of the Re- 
formed Church but adopted other opinions and practices, regarded by them 
as fanatical. 

In 1674 the acts of the State and Church in Holland were entered upon 
the records of the Dutch Reformed Church of New York, for guidance 
in dealing with these fanatics. 

Two of the leading men of this sect visited America in 1679. They 
travelled about the country preaching and looking for a place for settle- 
ment. They did not honor the Reformed Church by regular attendance,, 
but they were free in their criticisms of it and of its pastors. 

But although the Labadists spoke slightingly of Dutch Church piety,, 
the Dutch churches of the colony, were the great benevolent agents of the 
time. They took care of their own poor, and frequently those of other 
communions. They also responded nobly to appeals for the aid of per- 
sons captured by pirates and other enemies. It was before the day of 
organized missionary activity but the Dutch domines carefully catechized 
the negro slaves of their congregation. The old church records show that 
the negroes were formally married and that they brought their children 
for baptism. Many of them became faithful members of the church. 
The more spiritual pastors also took an interest in the Indians but the 
efforts for them were less than for the negroes and the results were 
meager. 

Immediately after the arrival of Governor Andros in 1674, the people 
had expressed their desire for a General Assemblv composed of representa- 
tives of the people, but the Duke opposed it. At last, under the influence 
of his good angel, William Penn, James granted the request. He ac- 



THE CHURCH BEGINS ITS STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM 3I 

cordingly appointed Colonel Thomas Dongan Governor of New York. 
Dongan was an Irish Catholic, enterprising, active and mercenary but a 
man of honesty and good judgment. He arrived in New York, August 
25, 1683, accompanied by several Roman Catholic families and a Jesuit 
priest, Thomas Harvey. The new Governor with keen observation noted 
the peculiarities of the diverse population over which he was to rule. He 
remarked: "Here bee not many of the Church of England; few Roman 
Catholicks, abundance of Quakers, preachers men and Women, Singing 
Quakers, Ranting Quakers, Sabbatarians, Anti-sabbatarians ; Some Ana- 
baptists, some Independents, some Jews; in short of all sorts of opinions 
there are some, and the most part of none at all." 

Dongan's Instructions were unusually liberal. The Duke retained the 
right to appoint the Governor and Council, but the people were to have 
their wish in electing a popular Assembly, with the power of taxation. No 
reference was made to religion, but the care of public morals was em- 
phasized. 

The new legislative Assembly, consisting of eighteen members, of whom 
more than two-thirds were Dutchmen, met in the fort, October 17, 1683. 
The first and most important of the bills passed by them, was "The Charter 
of Liberties and Privileges." This gave entire freedom to all religious 
persuasions in New York as privileged churches, and added, "That all 
other Christian Churches that shall hereafter come and settle within this 
province shall have the same privilege." This last clause was evidently 
intended for the benefit of the RCman Catholics, the co-religionists of the 
Duke of York. This charter was sent to England for approval. 

The people did not enjoy the prospect of their new liberty for fear that 
they were to lose^ it. Thoughtful men perceived that the Duke of York, 
in spite of professed liberality, was no friend to freedom, either in Church 
or State. Such feelings appear in the annual thanksgiving proclamation 
of the Dutch Church on Manhattan for the first Sunday of 1685. Allusion 
was made to the preservation of the Church "in pure religion and freedom 
of conscience." It spoke of the dark clouds "whose contents may come 
down today or tomorrow or the day after to our general loss and grief." 

Before the Duke had signed the charter Charles II died and the Duke 
ascended the throne as James II. After he became king ulterior motives 
which led him to feign liberality no longer controlled him, and he at once 
began to reveal his despotic disposition. He refused to sign the charter 
and gave orders for the final dissolution of the Assembly. 

Governor Dongan dreaded to proclaim the order, but after some delay, 
on January 20, 1687, it was announced that the people were to have no 
voice in their own government — a fatal decision, the sure precursor of 
revolution. 

The profound .displeasure of the people was increased upon learning 
that they were to be annexed to New England. The popular Governor 
Dongan was retired and the former Governor Edmund Andros assumed 
the government of all the northern colonies. His commission said nothing 
of religion but his instruction allowed liberty of conscience. No printing 



3^ THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

press was allowed. He tarried for a time in New York, but in October, 
1688, he removed to Boston, resolved to make that city his capital. He 
left Lieutenant Governor Francis Nicholson in charge in New York. The 
angry people of the Dutch colonies felt this to be an insult to their local 
patriotism, and from that day forth seditious and revolutionary doctrine 
smouldered in their hearts. 

Early in these stirring times, Domine Van Nieuwenhuysen had died 
(1681) and the Consistory of New York sought a minister in Holland. 
After much effort Domine Henricus Selyns, who had served in Brooklyn, 
(1660-1664) was persuaded to return to America and take charge of the 
congregation on Manhattan. Domine Selyns remained pastor in New 
York until his death (1682-1701). 

Selyns was a man of unusual ability, a good preacher, a faithful pastor, 
a wise administrator. He greatly enlarged the activities of the church and 
secured for it a permanent foundation. He was also of a Catholic spirit 
and showed a degree of liberality rare in those days. He was on terms of 
friendship with the heads of government and in correspondence with dis- 
tinguished men in neighboring colonies. He became practically a bishop, 
having general charge of all the Dutch Reformed churches in New York 
and New Jersey. 

From the first days of the colony the Walloons had fraternized with 
the Dutch. In 1638 there was a French club in New Amsterdam. With 
more rigorous treatment of the Huguenots in France, the French immigra- 
tion to America increased. Between 1650 and 1670 large numbers settled 
in Ulster County, and others located at Harlem, Long Island, Staten Island 
and elsewhere. At about the time of the Revocation of the Edict of 
Nantes, 1685, one-fourth of the population of New York City was French. 
These exiles were of deep piety, of wonderful skill and industry. It was 
not long before the wilderness blossomed under their labor and comfort 
waited upon their endeavor. 

In 1682 Rev. Pierre Daille came to America, and was allowed to organize 
a French Reformed Church in the Dutch Church in the Fort. French 
members of the Dutch Church were dismissed to the new society. These 
people were very devoted and many walked twenty miles or more each 
Sabbath through the woods to attend service, enlivening their journey by 
singing the hymns of Clement Marot. 

Daille became a dear friend of Selyns, who called him "his colleague" 
and said of him : "He exercises his ministry in the French Church here. 
He is full of zeal, learning and piety. Exiled for the sake of his re- 
ligion, he now devotes himself here to the cause of Christ with untiring 
energy." 

Daille extended his labors to the neighboring settlements. He founded 
the French church at Hackensack in 1682. He revived the church on 
Staten Island, and founded the church at New Paltz, 1683. 

In 1687 Rev. Pierre Peiret arrived from Foix, France. He at once 
organized a church, called the French Church of New York. The follow- 
ing year a building was erected on Marketfield street. Mr. Daille con- 



THE CHURCH BEGINS ITS STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM 33 

tinued to minister to the French congregation in the fort until 1692, when 
his people united with the new French Church. After that date Rev. 
Peiret generally officiated in New York, and Daille labored among the 
scattered French settlements. All the French Christians were sup- 
posed to compose one church and the ministers divided the income between 
them. 

David Bonrepos took charge of the French churches on Staten Island 
and New Paltz and in 1696 Daille accepted a call to the Huguenot Church 
in Boston where he labored until his death in 1715. Other French min- 
isters appeared from time to time and organized churches after the Re- 
formed order in various French settlements. Several of these churches 
and pastors subsequently conformed to the Church of England. 

Thus the Reformed Churches in America, composed of Dutch and 
French, were beginning to prosper in spite of the rule of a foreign gov- 
ernment, and Domine Selyns from time to time kept the Classis of Amster- 
dam informed of the conditions of the churches. Soon after his own ar- 
rival, in 1683, he wrote. He said that Tesschenmaker was pastor at 
Schenectady. Domine Dellius had just arrived in America and had be- 
come the colleague of the aged Schaats at Albany. Weekstein was at 
Kingston and Van Zuuren on Long Island. Daille was already ministering 
to the French and the English services in the fort were conducted by the 
Rev. John Gordon. 

In 1688 he spoke of Schaats as too feeble to serve effectively but said 
that the French pastors were doing well. The French minister at New 
Castle, Casper Carpentier, had died and another French minister David 
Bonrepos, had taken charge at .New Rochelle. In conclusion he said: 
"Pray for us, that the light of the Gospel may have its course toward the 
setting of the sun, so that in the west as well as in the east, many may sit 
down with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob in the Kingdom of God." 



CHAPTER VII. 
THE CHURCH DURING THE LEISLER TROUBLES, 1688-1692. 

All the despotic qualities of the Stuart family came to their flower in 
James II. He was a tyrant in politics and a bigot in religion. Under his 
government England came to realize that her king must be a Protestant. 
All parties united against James, and at their invitation William, Prince 
of Orange, whose wife Mary, was a daughter of James, was invited to 
take the throne. Just before Christmas, 1688, James fled from the country 
and the star of the Stuarts set forever. 

All Protestant Europe rejoiced at this easy revolution and the Classis of 
Amsterdam wrote to Domine Selyns congratulating him on the change of 
government. William became a member of the Church of England and an 
Act of Toleration was passed. It was not ideal but in contrast with the 
edicts of James, it was an honest move in the right direction. From that 
day the advance of political and religious freedom in England was steady. 

But this beginning of liberty was to be accompanied by a peculiar and 
unfortunate episode in New York. By this the progress of the province 
was delayed and the Dutch Reformed Church disrupted. 

New York had been fearful of Roman Catholic domination and filled 
with vague longings after democracy. Therefore all classes were pleased 
with the revolution in England. The Dutch people rejoiced that although 
England had conquered them, England herself now had a Dutch king. 
The French Huguenots went wild with joy, for as they had watched the 
political machinations in Europe, a dreadful fear that the long arm of 
Louis XIV would find them out had chilled their hearts. 

But while the populace rejoiced that James had fled his officials in 
America retained their positions. The people awaited for dispatches but 
they did not come. In Boston the citizens settled the matter by arresting 
Governor Andros and appointing a committee of safety. 

In New York affairs were in an awkward situation. Although the town's 
population was only about four thousand the gulf between the aristocratic 
elements and the common people was deep and wide. Lieutenant Gov- 
ernor Nicholson, not a strong man in a crisis, was in command. With 
him were associated as councilors, Philipse, Van Cortlandt and Bayard, 
all prominent in the Dutch Church. They hesitated to take action without 
direct authority from Westminster and in this attitude of watchful waiting 
they were supported by the more intelligent and wealthy classes, including 
the ministers, Selyns, of New York, Dellius of Albany and Varick of Long 
Island. The French ministers, probably because of their dislike of France 
were inclined to the other side. 

On the other hand the multitude feared papal machinations and were 
impatient of delay. Wild rumors spread abroad. It was said that many 

34 



THE CHURCH DURING THE LEISLER TROUBLES, 1688-1692 35 

of the leading men were Papists in disguise. The Roman CathoHc soldiers 
among the troops were to massacre the people on a certain Sunday in 
church and the country was to be betrayed to the King of France, whose 
soldiers were concealed at the Narrows. 

An unwise remark of Nicholson about burning the city set off the spark 
and next day the town was in an uproar. At this point Jacob Leisler, cap- 
tain of one of the train bands, ^nd thrice a deacon in the Dutch Church, 
emerged from obscurity. Leisler was a German, honest, kind hearted and 
narrow. He was related by marriage to the Bayard and Van Cortlandt 
families, but they considered him beneath them and he was not on speak- 
ing terms with them. He had little statesmanship in his nature but many 
of the qualities of the demagogue. He became obsessed with a fixed fear 
of the dangers of Romanism. 

Early in the summer of 1689 a proclamation of the King was received 
and published at the City Hall. This retained in office all government 
officials except Papists. The collector of the revenue, who was a Roman 
Catholic, was at once removed from office but the Protestant officials pre- 
pared to continue their duties. Leisler however declared that they were 
Papists in disguise. 

Under his leadership the multitude heaped all manner of abuse upon the 
old officials of the government. Nicholson was compelled to flee to Eng- 
land and his councilors and friends were scattered. In the midst of these 
disputes a fire occurred in the church in the fort, near the powder magazine. 
This increased the excitement. The fire was blamed on "Popish knaves" 
and the people rejoiced "that threw God's mercy they were miraculously 
saved of that hellish designe." 

A committee of safety composed of his own creatures appointed Leisler 
commander-in-chief, August 16, 1689. At an election in October only 
Leisler's friends were chosen and in December a letter from the King 
addressed to Nicholson — "and in his absence to such as for the time being 
take care for preserving the peace and administering the laws in our said 
Province of New York in America" was taken by Leisler to give authority 
to himself. 

He now adopted a very energetic policy, imprisoning his opponents, both 
high and low, or driving them into exile. He put the fort in repair and 
conducted a vigorous policy of defence against a supposed invasion from 
Canada. But as the months passed the enthusiasm of his followers cooled 
and his position became precarious. 

Leisler had been for many years a member of the Reformed Dutch 
Church and considered himself the bulwark of Protestantism. He there- 
fore thought he had a right to exercise his "jurisdiction — in the Ecclesias- 
tical affairs prescribing to the severall churches rules and ordinances and 
enjoyned them by threatening to be obedient thereto." 

He supposed that ministers and congregations would welcome his gov- 
ernment with enthusiasm and was greatly chagrined to find among pastors 
and people a decidedly unresponsive attitude. 

In the church of Albany Leisler had few friends, a fact which he at- 
tributed to the influence of Bayard and other exiles from New York, 



36 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Pastor Dellius refused to recognize him, and prayed only for the Crown, 
not for the King of England. Dellius had been on friendly terms with 
some Jesuits. Leisler therefore called him a "Cockaran" minister and 
attempted to arrest him. But Dellius fled and secreted himself in various 
places. For a time he was even concealed in the house of Domine Selyns 
in New York. Thence he went to Boston, intending to sail for England 
but was recalled upon the fall of his enemy.' 

Domine Varick of Long Island first attempted to endure Leisler's rule in 
silence. But in this he was unsuccessful. Having made a derogatory 
remark to an elder of his church, it was repeated to Leisler and he was 
compelled to flee to New Castle. After a time he returned but was arrested 
for "speaking treasonable words against Captain Leisler and the fort." 
Domine Selyns offered himself and his property as bail but was refused 
with threats. After a year's close confinement Varick was brought to 
trial. He was "sentenced to be deprived from his ministerial function, 
amerced in a fine of eighty pounds and to remain in prison until that fine 
should be paid." Upon making his submission to Leisler he was released 
but he died from the effects of the ill treatment he had received in 1694. 

The French ministers, Daille and Peiret, realizing the dangers of a French 
attack, were inclined ,to be friendly to Leisler but disapproved of many 
of his irregular proceedings. Daille was bold enough to rebuke him for his 
conduct and Leisler took the rebuke with very ill grace. 

Leisler was grievously displeased at his own pastor, Domine Selyns. 
Selyns on his part was shocked to hear pious elders of his church de- 
nounced as "Popish doggs and Divells imaginable." 

Selyns also gave a certificate of character to the English chaplain, 
Innes, who was suspected of Romanism. But it was brushed aside by 
Leisler who declared that "Enis (Innes) was by outward pretence a 
Protestant, but in effect a mere Papist." 

Leisler also assumed the Governor's pew in the church and great was the 
wrath excited among the first families of the province. One of whom 
declared, "Out of hell certainly never was such a pack of ignorant, scandal- 
ous, false, malicious, impudent, impertinent rascals herded together." 

Urged by members of his Consistory Domine Selyns for a time tried to 
keep silent but at last he came to an open and bitter rupture with the 
self-styled Governor. In a letter at this time he wrote : "Domine Varick 
and myself have suffered more than can be believed and are forced to 
cultivate patience." He then urged that the King be advised to send over a 
Governor at once, adding that unless this was done he would have to return 
to Holland. 

Domine Selyns' desire for a legally appointed Governor was soon to be 
satisfied. Governor Henry Sloughter sailed for his province, Dec. i, 1690. 
In another ship came Lieutenant Governor Major Richard Ingoldsby. The 
latter arrived before his chief, but unfortunately he had no documentary 
authority with him as such papers were in the hands of the Governor. 



^Leisler wrote "Cockaran" although he meant "Cocceian" after Johannes 
Cocceius (1603-1669), whom he considered heretical. 



THE CHURCH DURING THE LEISLER TROUBLES, 1688-1692 37 

Ingoldsby demanded the surrender of the fort and the release of the 
prisoners. Leisler in spite of the advice of many friends, refused to yield 
without written authority. Affairs assumed a very critical aspect and 
civil war seemed imminent. 

Amid these untoward conditions Domine Selyns was obliged to celebrate 
the Lord's Supper in the church in the fort, with some of his church 
officers in the dungeon close at hand and some of his deadly enemies seated 
at the table. The next week, an elder and deacon of the church were 
killed by a shot from the fort which was not believed to be accidental. 
Two days later, Governor Sloughter arrived. He at once organized his 
government and demanded the surrender of the fort. Leisler madly hesi- 
tated and attempted to parley. Thereupon his soldiers deserted, and he 
was seized by the Governor's orders and bound with the same chain which 
had fastened elder Bayard. 

Great was the joy of his enemies. In this Domine Selyns shared, de- 
claring that Leisler was an incarnate devil and that there was no hope 
of his salvation. For this rash remark Mrs. Selyns rebuked him. 

On the next Sunday the pastor arose in his pulpit and announced his 
text, Psalm 27:13, "I had fainted unless I had believed to see the good- 
ness of the Lord in the land of the living." The sermon was strongly 
anti-Leislerian and further widened the already broad chasm between 
the two parties in the church. 

On April 9, 1691, Sloughter restored the Assembly. It was the first 
Assembly under the direct authority of the Crown and the members were 
all opposed to Leisler. A special commission was ordered to try him and 
his companions. The charges against them were treason and murder. 

Leisler and seven others were convicted while two were acquitted, April 
29, 1691. The decision created violent excitement throughout the city. 
Selyns, Varick and Dellius demanded the full penalty. Domine Daille 
however was active in circulating a petition for a reprieve, to which more 
than 1800 persons affixed their signatures. After some delay the Governor 
signed the death warrants of Leisler and his son-in-law, Milbourne and re- 
prieved the others until the King's pleasure could be learned. 

The same evening Domine Selyns in very bad taste announced the fatal 
decision to the victims, but did not see them again until he offered them 
"the consolations of religion" at their execution. 

A large crowd assembled to see that spectacle in a pouring rain. May 
16, 1691, and were much impressed with the behavior of the condemned. 
Even Domine Selyns confessed that Leisler died like a Christian man. By 
the sustained courage of their last moments they were exalted above their 
mistakes and common-place existence and enrolled in the noble army of 
martyrs.' 



"Writers have generally denounced Leisler as a usurper. Brodhead, 
in his "History of New York," and Hon. Henry C. Murphy, in his "Anth- 
ologv of New Xetherland," take this view, which was also adopted in 
the "Manual" of 1879. See also Col. Docs., Vol. iii, pp. 667-684, 716, 717, 
738-753. But Dr. A. G. Vermilye. in an address before the Oneida His- 
torical Society in 1891, completely overthrew these views and unan- 
swerably vindicated Leisler. The same article is reprinted In "Memorial 
History of New York," Vol. 1, p. 453. 



38 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

In his farewell speech Leisler besought his friends to bury their ill will 
in his grave. But this did not come to pass for the wrath excited by these 
events sprang up to bear noxious fruit in Church and State for many 
years to come. 

Two days after Leisler's death Governor Sloughter invited those who 
had fled from his oppression to return to their homes. The exiles, among 
whom was Domine Dellius, gladly availed themselves of this privilege, and 
the province was soon filled with the rejoicings of returned fugitives and 
released prisoners. The Leislerians, although bitterly angry, were cowed 
for a time, but upon the sudden death of Sloughter, July 23, 1691, they 
"again pricked up their ears." 

In 169s Leisler's son succeeded in obtaining an act of Parliament remov- 
ing the attainder of treason and legalizing Leisler's authority. In 1698, 
in spite of the opposition of the Consistory, by order of Lord Bellomont, 
then Governor, the remains of Leisler and Milbourne were taken up from 
their unhallowed grave at the foot of the gallows and buried within the 
sacred precincts of the Dutch Church of New York. 

Meanwhile the passion and strife excited by these events continued to 
divide the churches oithe colony. Although Albany was the most exposed 
to the danger of foreign invasion, the conditions of the church there were 
better than elsewhere. Domine Dellius was gladly received upon his re- 
turn from the exile into which Leisler had driven him. He enjoyed the 
respect of his congregation and his work among the Indians was success- 
ful. The rumors of war however paralyzed the settlement and his con- 
gregation decreased by removal. 

Aflfairs on Long Island were the worst in the province. The church was 
largely Leislerian in sentiment and for a long time two of the elders were 
held under sentence of death among those condemned with Leisler. 
Domine Varick attempted to forgive his enemies from the pulpit but his 
words were not well received. Not a quarter of the congregation attended 
church and only a few personal friends contributed toward his support. 
He applied to the Classis for removal to another field, but before oppor- 
tunity was found he died. His funeral was largely attended. "And there 
was far more honor conferred upon him at his burial, than when once 
standing in the City Hall awaiting the sentence of imprisonment." 

Domine Selyns' church had more of the better element in it than did 
that of Varick, and he was better treated. He was however compelled to 
listen to vile epithets hurled at him in the street and his salary fell into 
arrears. After a time his church somewhat recovered and his salary was 
paid him promptly. 

The Leisler episode delayed the plans for the building of a new Dutch 
Church in New York. But in 1692 such an edifice was erected in Garden 
Street (Exchange Place). The Church in the Fort was then given for the 
exclusive use of the Episcopal worship. But in about a year it was taken 
down and rebuilt. This second church in the fort continued to be used 
as an English church until 1741 when it was burned and not rebuilt. 

Domine Selyns greatly mourned the spiritual declension which resulted 



THE CHURCH DURING THE LEISLER TROUBLES, 1688-1692 39 

from the Leisler troubles. He said : "Our public morals have been greatly 
corrupted, and many crimes introduced by strangers and privateers. . . . 
Undoubtedly our dangers arise from the bottomless pit of our own sins. 
. . . Although our sins are like unto those of Sodom, let us not, O God, 
become a Sodom, under thy judgments, yet our sins are rising up against 
us. . . . Such conditions tend to the destruction of the church and of 
all piety, they will turn Christians into savages, and will destroy and 
bring utterly to an end all the efforts heretofore made at New Albany for 
the conversion of the heathen." 

Yet Domine Selyns continued, in the midst of his troubles, to play the 
part of Bishop to the neighboring Dutch churches. He seldom wrote a 
letter without mentioning their progress. 

In 1693 he aided the Church of Kingston in securing a pastor in place 
of Rev. Laurentius Van de Bosch, whom Selyns and other Dutch pastors 
had deposed because of his "unedifying life." As a result of these efforts 
the Rev. John Peter Nucella was sent to America. He also assisted the 
churches on Long Island to obtain a pastor after Varick's death. 

Domine Selyns was not infallible in his judgments. In 1694 his sus- 
picions were aroused by the unconventional methods of the Rev. Guilliam 
Bartholf at Hackensack and elsewhere in New Jersey. Selyns considered 
him a Labadist and feared that the results of his preaching would be 
disastrous to the struggling congregations in the wilderness. In this he 
was mistaken for Bartholf became one of the most useful of the pioneer 
ministers of the colony. 

There are also glimpses of the benevolent work of the Dutch churches 
at this period. The sufferings of American captives upon the coast of 
Africa appealed to the sympathies of the people. At one time within 
New York and vicinity no less than 374 pounds was raised for their relief. 
In 1696 the Consistory of New York loaned the Consistory of Albany 
thirty pounds to aid certain persons of that place who had been robbed 
by the French and Indians. 

Throughout its history the colony of New Netherland and New York 
was comparatively free from the delusion of witchcraft. The Dutch were 
less inclined to this superstition than were the English. The last execu- 
tion for witchcraft in Holland took place in 1610, while the laws against 
the supposed crime in England were not repealed until 1736. The only 
reference to the delusion during the Dutch regime in America was Kieft's 
expression of fear that the Indian medicine men were directing their in- 
cantations against him. 

The Duke's Laws made no reference to witchcraft, and the only case 
recorded under the English Government was in 1665 and that resulted in 
acquittal. 

In 1692 Domine Selyns and his people were therefore startled at the re- 
ports of the outburst of the craze in Massachusetts. The people and pas- 
tors of the neighboring churches came to him for advice. The domine 
consulted with Joseph Dudley, the chief justice of New York, and decided 
that it "was pretended witchcraft or an unknown sickness." In his famous 



40 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Latin poem addressed to Dr. Cotton Mather, October i6, 1697, Selyns spoke 
slightingly of the superstition : 

"Scorn of the goblin horde to be afraid — 
Shapes without substance, shadows of a shade."^ 



^See the poem in Manual of 1902, Page 735. 



CHAPTER VIII. 

THE DUTCH CHURCH AND THE MINISTRY ACT WITH 
EFFORTS FOR A CHARTER, 1692-1698. 

In England the period of enforced religious uniformity ceased with the 
expulsion of the Stuarts and William's Act of Toleration (1689). But 
strange to say, religious freedom for a time seemed to lose ground. But 
this apparent loss was inevitable. The perfect liberty granted by James had 
an ulterior object in view. His apparent liberality was intended to open 
the way for the introduction of Romanism. In William the Protestant 
succession was restored. The Church of England was the Established 
Church; and the regular policy of extending as far as possible the na- 
tional church was resumed. Hence the efforts to establish Episcopacy in 
New York. 

After the elevation of William and Mary to the throne, Parliament 
took immediate direction of colonial affairs. The government inaugurated 
for New York continued for eighty-five years or until the American 
Revolution. It consisted of a -Governor, Council and elective Assembly. 
The Governor and Council summoned the Assembly. These two bodies 
then passed bills in conformity with the English Constitution, which be- 
came laws when signed by the Governor. 

The Test Act, which required all government officials to be Protestants, 
was for the first extended to America. The Bishop of London was given 
ecclesiastical jurisdiction over New York. He was to certify Angelican 
ministers, whom the Governor was to induct into office. Liberty of con- 
science was granted to all except Papists. 

During Governor Sloughter's administration and the vacancy which 
ensued, several proposals to establish the Anglican Church were made 
without result. The Assembly was strongly opposed to such bills and 
purposely ignored them. 

Benjamin Fletcher assumed the reins of government, August, 30, 1692. 
His Instructions in regard to religion were similar to those of Sloughter. 
Acting upon them he advised his Council, Oct. 24, 1692, "that provision be 
made for the support and encouragement of an able ministry, and for a 
strict and due observance of the Lord's Day." 

The Assembly understanding that he desired to establish the Church 
of England, in a community where a large majority of the people belonged 
to other churches, paid no attention to this first recommendation. The 
Governor however several times called attention to it, and to please the 
Dutch ministers, aided them in regathering their congregations, scattered 
by the Leisler troubles, and in collecting their arrears of salary. 

41 



42 THE REFORMED CHURCH Ii\ AMERICA 

Five months later, March 23, 1693, at the opening of the new Assembly, 
the Governor renewed his recommendations, declaring that they might 
expect a judgment of God if his worship was not established. 

But in spite of repeated urgings the Assembly was slow to act. They 
desired the assurance that the ministers to be chosen should be of the Re- 
formed Protestant faith. In answer the Governor reminded them that he 
had authority from the King to veto any ministerial appointment or to 
suspend any minister within the colony. 

About this time events occurred at Jamaica which aided the Governor 
in his purpose. Some of the Presbyterians in that region desired to 
build a church, but were unable to secure sufficient funds by voluntary 
subscription. They therefore applied to the Assembly for aid, and that 
body appeared favorable to their designs. Therefore the Governor con- 
sidered the moment opportune to secure the passage of a Ministry Act 
for the province. 

The bill presented, Sept. 14, 1693, provided for "a good, sufficient 
Protestant minister" in each of the following places, in New York City, 
one; in Richmond County, one; in Westchester County, two (one minister 
to have charge of Westchester, East Chester, Yonkers, Manor of Ford- 
ham and Pelham, and another to have charge of Rye, Mamaroneck and 
Bedford) ; in Queen's County, two (one to have charge of Jamaica and 
adjacent towns ; another to have charge of Hempstead and adjacent towns). 
The taxes for the support of these ministers were to be levied and collected 
as follows: 100 pounds in New York City, 40 pounds in Richmond County; 
100 pounds in Westchester County, and 120 pounds in Queens County. 
In all the counties except New York the payment could be in produce. 

The justices, or any two of them in each of these four places were yearly 
to issue their warrants to the constables to summon the freeholders on 
the second Tuesday of January, to choose in each place ten vestrymen and 
two church wardens. Within ten days thereafter the justices and the 
vestrymen were to lay a tax for these respective amounts for the main- 
tenance of the ministers in these places, under penalty of five pounds for 
neglect of duty. 

Upon refusal of any one to pay, the collection was to be by distraint 
of goods. The church wardens were to receive the money, pay the minister 
and render accounts under penalty of five pounds for neglect of duty. 

Ministers were to be called by the respective vestrymen and church war- 
dens and present agreements were to remain in force. 

On Sept. 21, 1693, the bill was passed and sent to the Governor. He 
desired that in the section in regard to the calling of ministers the words 
be inserted, "And presented to the Governor to be approved and collated." 
This the Assembly refused to do. Whereupon the Governor fell into a 
passion and told them that his Instructions from the King gave him the 
authority without such addition and prorogued the Assembly. The law 
was not approved by the King until May 11, 1697. 

Thus the so-called Ministry Act was passed. The object of Governor 
Fletcher was to establish the Church of England, but the Assembly, all but 



THE DUTCH CHURCH AND MINISTRY ACT FOR CHARTER 43 

one of whom were non-Anglicans, made it sufficiently indefinite to apply 
to any Protestant minister. Except the county of New York the counties 
which were predominantly Dutch were not included. 

Throughout its history the Ministry Act perverted to the service of the 
Anglican Church was the cause of much ill will and litigation. It failed 
to satisfy either party. Frequent attempts to repeal it were made but 
without success. It finally ended its dishonored existence in the American 
Revolution. 

Of the Ministry Act Col. Morris said: "The Ministry Act would not do 
well for the dissenters and but lamely for the Church (of England), 
though it would do with the help of the Governor and that was all." 

But Fletcher determined that by his "help" the act should be used for the 
benefit of the Anglican Church. He accordingly gave the impression in his 
letters to England that the Church was established in America, and at 
home he endeavored to carry out his plans upon this perverted interpreta- 
tion of it. 

On January 9, 1694. in accordance with the requirements of the act the 
freeholders of the city elected two church wardens and ten vestrymen. 
Of the twelve officers chosen nine were non-Episcopalians. 

The Rev. John Miller, Episcopal chaplain of the troops now presented 
himself as candidate for the newly established "living" in New York, but 
the vestrymen determined to call a non-Episcopalian. This of course 
angered Fletcher, but the Council agreed with the Vestrymen and nothing 
was accomplished. Thereupon it was resolved not to levy the tax until 
a minister was actually appointed. 

The vestry and Governor were thus in opposition to each other, and at 
the next election only one Episcopalian, out of the twelve persons chosen, 
was returned. 

Fletcher threatened to prosecute them if they longer refused to carry 
out his plans. They therefore met, January 26, 1695, and called William 
Vesey to be pastor of New York under the Ministry Act. 

The Civil Vestry, displeased at their enforced obedience, requested of 
the Assembly an interpretation of the Ministry Act. That body replied 
that the vestrymen and church wardens had the power to call a dissenting 
minister under the act if they chose. 

Upon hearing of this response the Governor was furious, and roundly 
scolded the Assembly saying: "It is out of your province to explain an act 
which you did not make. The laws are to be interpreted by the judges." 

Yet the Governor was evidently weakening. He saw his helplessness 
before an overwhelming majority, and his state of mind was quickly 
perceived by others. Because of the Governor's spirit of conciliation at 
the third election under the Ministry Act, one half of the officials chosen 
were Anglicans. 

In a more friendly mood therefore this Civil Vestry levied and collected 
a tax for "a good, sufficient Protestant minister" to the amount of one 
hundred pounds and to maintain him for one year. It was becoming 
evident to the friends of the Anglican communion that their Church could 



44 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

make but little head way in a community of non-Anglicans, who were 
bitterly opposed to taxation for its support. Of this feeling at a later day. 
Col. Morris said: "If by force the salary is taken from them (the non- 
Anglicans) and paid to the ministers of the Church (Anglican), it may be 
the means of subsisting those ministers, but they won't make many con- 
verts among a people who think themselves very much injured." 

Under the Dutch authority the Reformed Church had been the Estab- 
lished Church of the province, and the distinction between civil and 
ecclesiastical property was indefinite. The ownership of the places of 
worship was legally vested in the West India Company, but the church 
deacons controlled the buildings, and the people paid for repairs. 

After the surrender in 1664 the church in the fort was considered the 
property of the Dutch Reformed congregation. The deacons also held the 
poor farm, the poor house in the city, the parsonage, and various gifts- 
which came to them from time to time. 

As their wealth increased suspicion of the government of James II and 
fear of the effect of the proposed union of the colonies, led the Church 
of New York City to seek to secure her estate by royal charter. 

Such efforts, begun before the English Revolution, remained in abeyance 
during the Leisler administration. That tragic time and the activity of 
Fletcher in securing the passage of the Ministry Act still further em- 
phasized the need of greater security. 

After much preparation on June 19, 1695, the Consistory of New York 
petitioned for a charter. They stated that since the surrender in 1664 
the Church had acquired certain properties, enjoyed their rights of wor- 
ship and erected a church at their own charges. They said that it was 
necessary to guard these possessions and they requested a charter for this 
purpose. 

After waiting nearly a year, much against his will the Governor signed 
the charter of the Dutch Church of New York, May 11, 1696. 

After name and title, etc., the charter specified five pieces of property 
belonging to the Dutch Reformed Church of New York. It then referred 
to the petition that the Church be incorporated as a Dutch Reformed- 
Church. It was stated that the request was granted and the reasons given 
therefpr. Freedom of worship, of right to hold property and of choosing" 
ministers was confirmed. The title of the Church was to be: "The Min- 
ister, Elders and Deacons of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church of 
the City of New York." Rights and privileges of the corporation were 
mentioned and the regulations were enumerated. Further privileges were 
stated and the final ratification followed. 

The Episcopalians had already organized a church and now they felt that 
they also should have a charter. Of course they obtained this without 
difificulty and it was signed. May 6, 1697. Thus Trinity Church was born. 

This charter twelve times stated that the Episcopal Church was by law 
established in New York. The officials of the Dutch Church knew that this 
was not the truth, but having obtained their own charter, for the sake of 
peace, they held their peace. They did however insist upon the addition 



TflE DUTCH CHURCH AND MINISTRY ACT FOR CHARTER 45 

of a final paragraph to Trinity's charter stating that nothing therein con- 
tained abridged the privileges, already granted, to any other Protestant 
■Church. 

An era of good feeling followed and by invitation, the Episcopalians 
worshipped in the Dutch Church on Garden street, while their own 
•edifice was building. 

Other denominations looked with longing eyes at the liberties of the 
English and Dutch churches of the province of New York. But no other 
could obtain charters until the Revolutionary War. 

Other Dutch churches within New York and New Jersey during the 
colonial period obtained charters as follows: Kingston, N. Y., 1719; Al- 
bany, 1720; Schenectady, 1734; Hackensack, 1750; the five churches of the 
Raritan Valley unitedly, 1753; Bergen, 1771 ; Hillsborough at Millstone, 
1775, and perhaps others. 

Thus after a severe struggle for her ecclesiastical rights and civil 
liberties the Dutch Reformed Church in New York, really in behalf of all 
the Dutch churches of the province, gained a great victory which lasted 
until the American Revolution. That event secured the incorporation of 
these same principles in the constitution of every state in the nation. 
Henceforth no one denomination was to lord it over another. The State 
was never to interfere in the internal discipline of the Church, and every 
individual church was entitled to incorporation and legal protection. 

In 1695 Rev. John Miller, chaplain of the English troops in New York,' 
wrote a monograph upon the condition and necessities of the province for 
the benefit of the Bishop of London.' 

He described the country and the towns and gave maps of them. 

He spoke unfavorably of the religious character of the people and of the 
variety of opinions. He earnestly advised the setiding over of a Bishop 
as a sufifragan to the Bishop of London, who also should act as Governor. 
He specified upon his requirements and the results of his activities. 

The expression of such views is of little worth except to show the 
attitude of the more bigoted Anglicans in relation to the enforcement of 
the Ministry Act. 

The real value of Miller's monograph consists in his statements in re- 
gard to the population of the province and the churches scattered through- 
out it. He said that New York had about 800 houses, Albany about 200 
and Kingston 100 ; that the whole province contained about three thousand 
families, of which one-half were Dutch, a great part of the remainder 
English and the rest were French. As to religion the people were much 
divided. The Dutch were wealthy, the English in moderate circumstances, 
and the French poor. 

The following is his table of the churches, ministers and families. 



'On his way home with the manuscript of this book, the vessel in which 
he sailed was met by a French privateer. Lest all these plans should 
fall into the hands of the enemy, he threw them overboard. He subse- 
■quently reproduced everything by a remarkable memory. At the sale of 
the library of George Chalmers, Esq., London. 1843, the MSS. fell into 
the hands of Thos. Rood, bookseller, who published It. 



46 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 
New York in 1695. 



Counties. 



Churches. 



Ministers. 



Families. 



New York 



Richmond 

Kings 

Queens 

Suffolk 

West Chester. 



Chapel in the fort. 
Dutch Calvinists. . . 
Dutch Lutherans.. 

French 

Jews' Synagogue. . 
Harlem [Dutch] . , . 



A Meeting House, 



[Rev. John Miller] 
Dr. Selinus 



Dr. Perot . . 
Saul Brown 
Dr. Selinus 



Dr. Bonrepos 



90 
450 
30 
200 
20 
25 

English 40, 
senters. 

English, 40 
Dutch, 44 
French, 36 



Dis- 



Flatbush. 

Utrecht. 

Brookland. 



aSad Meeting 
Newtown 



Houses 



Bight or nine Meet- 
ing Houses ; al- 
most one at ev- 
ery town. 



A Meeting House at. 
West Chester. 



Dr. Varick died 300 or 400, chiefly 
Aug., 1694, and Dutch, 
another sent for 
May 27, 1695. 

Mr.Philips) without'300 or 400 English, 
Mr. Mott >■ any most Dissenters, 
Mr. Vesey j orders. and some Dutch. 

Seven ministers, 500 or 600 English, 
Dissenters, Pres- and Dissenters , 
byterian, or In- for the most part, 
dependent. One 
lately gone to 
Scotland. 



A young man com- 
ing to settle there, 
without orders. 



Orange . . 
Dutchess 



Ulster 



Albany 



Dutch Calvinist, at 
Kingstone, for five 
or six towns. 



Dutch Calvinist.. 
Dutch Lutheran. 
Scanecthade .... 



A minister to come, 
his books brought ; 
but he missed his 
passage. 

Dr. Dellius 



A Dutch minister 
sent for. 



Kinderhoeck 



200 or 300, Eng- 
lish and Dissent- 
ers ; few Dutch. 

20, English and 
Dutch. 

30, English and 
Dutch. 



300, Dutch mostly ; 
some English and 
French. 



400 or 500 Dutch, 
a 1 1 Calvinists, 
except 12 or 14 
Lutherans. 



This gives a complete view of the condition of the province as to re- 
ligious privileges, and an approximate view of the strength of the religious 
bodies when the attempt to impose a church establishment of the minority 
on the colony was made. According to this table of John Miller, the 
population would be distributed about as follows: 

Families. 

Dutch 1-754 

Dissenters (English) I.35S 

French ^"^ 



THE DUTCH CHURCH AND MINISTRY ACT FOR CHARTER 47 

Lutherans 45 

Episcopalians 90 

Jews 20 

Total 3,525 

By allowing six to a family, which the baptismal records would show to 
be a very low estimate, the population of the entire province of New York 
would be not less than twenty-one thousand. It was probably considerably 
more. 

On Sept. 4, 1696, in London, Mr. Miller told the Board of Trade "that 
there are about 3,000 families in New York and 5,000 families in Con- 
necticut. . . . There is about one minister of the Church of England 
and one schoolmaster in the whole colony of New York. A Dutch minister 
there had instructed some Indian children; but the English in New York 
had not endeavored it." 



CHAPTER IX. 

THE CHURCH EMERGING FROM THE STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL 
FREEDOM, 1698-1708. 

Governor Fletcher's administration drew to a close under a cloud. Con- 
ditions in the province were adverse to the religious and moral progress 
of the people. Many quarrels remained from the Leisler troubles. On 
shore was much dishonesty and piracy was common on the sea. Gov- 
ernor Fletcher's honor was not above suspicion, and rumor reported that 
his wife and daughters wore fabrics and jewels concerning which ques- 
tions would be awkward. 

To correct such conditions King William chose his personal friend, 
Richard, Earl of Bellomont, to succeed Fletcher as Governor in 1698. 

Bellomont was a man of honest purpose but of narrow vision, and un- 
certain judgment. His. health was poor and he became moody and sus- 
picious. Untactfully he attempted at once to make dishonest merchants 
honest and he took sides with the Leislerians who had been in subjection 
for seven years. A great uproar ensued and many leading persons of the 
Episcopal and Dutch churches were much displeased with him. 

The Corporation of Trinity Church hoped that Bellomont would con- 
tinue toward them Fletcher's partial policy, but such attitude was far from 
his disposition. He believed that the Ministry Act was unwise because 
of the divisions it made between different nationalities. He also thought 
that it failed to establish the Church of England. He found so much 
fault with the charter of Trinity Church that that body feared for its 
safety. He was free in his criticism of Anglican methods and a bitter 
quarrel developed. 

In 1699 the Assembly passed a general bill for the support of all min- 
isters and for building and repairing churches and schoolhouses. Bello- 
mont approved of this but considered it contrary to his Instructions, 
which were after the usual order. He therefore declined to sign it but 
united with the Assembly in an unsuccessful petition to the King to allow it. 

The Governor also greatly disapproved of the charter of the Dutch 
Church of New York City. Of it he said: "I think it very extraordinary, 
for it is setting up a petty jurisdiction to fly in the face of the Govern- 
ment here, as I have found it in my experience." In his eyes the piece of 
plate which the Consistory had given to Fletcher in gratitude for their 
charter, assumed the form of a bribe, and he brusquely insisted on seeing 
the church book which contained a record of the transaction. 

Bellomont's transfer of the bodies of Leisler and Melbourne from their 
grave at the foot of the gallows to the tombs of the Dutch Church, so 

48 



EMERGING FROM THE STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL FREEDOM 49 

greatly angered many of the higher classes that they would not attend 
the services on a day of fasting and prayer appointed by the Governor. 
Whereupon he angrily remarked that it was "a proof of the wickedness 
of the people." 

Yet from the midst of this period of ill will has come down to us one 
of the most pleasing pictures of colonial church life. The time of Sunday 
Schools and Children's Days was yet far oflf but Domine Selyns had faith- 
fully maintained catechetical classes and in 1698 he held a public exhibi- 
tion of the training which his pupils had received. Forty-four boys and 
twenty-one girls passed creditable examinations, but the girls did better 
than the boys. One little lad of five years "without any mistake and with 
energy and manly confidence" repeated the prayer that the Domine was 
wont to say upon the Sabbath. The familiar words with the childish 
accent drew tears from many eyes. 

It was the next year that Domine Selyns received as a colleague for his 
old age Domine Grualterus DuBois. He continued the pastor of the Dutch 
Church of New York from 1699 to 1751, and during all of this period he 
was recognized as one of the chief ministers of America, in ability, charac- 
ter and wisdom. 

Domine Dellius had become a colleague with Domine Schaats of Al- 
bany in 1683. For several years he attended quietly to his ministerial duties, 
but during Fletcher's administration he became one of the grantees of that 
Governor's extensive land grants in northern New York. Bellomont very 
much disapproved of these grants and in 1699 he persuaded the Indians of 
that region, numbers of whom were the converts of Dellius, that they had 
been cheated. The Governor believed all sorts of gossip about Dellius 
and spared no pains to blacken his reputation. Later he secured a bill to 
vacate these lands, and suspended Dellius from his ministerial functions. 
This brought a host of friends to the support of the Albany pastor. Sev- 
eral neighboring churches, including that of New York, gave him certifi- 
cates of character and he sailed for Europe to defeat the vacating act and 
to defend himself before the Classis of Amsterdam. The land grant 
troubles were finally settled by compromise in 1708 and Dellius was ex- 
honorated by the Classis of Amsterdam, who wrote to Bellomont in his 
defence. 

Dellius never returned to America. The Church of Albany was supplied 
by Nucella, 1698-1700 and pastored by Lydius, 1700-1709. 

With the accession of William and Mary Roman Catholicism in the 
province received a staggering blow. The Jesuit fathers who had come in 
Dongan's train and who had held services in his chapel and for a short time 
conducted a Latin school, for which the Dutch Church bell was rung, fled 
for their lives. 

Under Fletcher there was an attempt made to revive the Roman Mission 
in New York but without success. In 1696 it was reported that there were 
only nine Catholics in New York. In 1700 with Bellomont's approval the 
Assembly passed a law excluding all Roman Catholic priests from the 
province. The penalty for such as should remain after November i, 1700, 



50 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

was perpetual imprisonment, or death for those who having been im- 
prisoned escaped and were recaptured. Special provision however was 
made in case of those who should be shipwrecked upon the coast or acci- 
dentally driven into the province. There were also penalties for those who 
should conceal a priest and arrangements made for the execution of the 
law. From that time until the American Revolution Romanism was prac- 
tically extinct in the Middle Colonies. 

The next year, March 5, 1701, Governor Bellomont died and was buried 
in the fort. His remains were transferred to St. Paul's church yard in 1790. 

The attacks upon the civil liberties of the Dutch churches of the prov- 
ince were drawing to a close. The churches were soon to enter upon a 
period of external peace, which had little disturbance until the Revolu- 
tion. These final assaults were displayed by special favors to the Episco- 
palians and in flattery toward non-Anglican societies which showed a 
tendency to conform. They were violent against the so-called dissenting 
bodies, and against the Dutch churches, protected by charter or by treaty, 
they were as subtle or as fierce as tyranny dared to make them. 

These events began under Lieutenant Governor Nanfan, who temporarily 
held the government after Bellomont's death, 1701-1702, and reached their 
height under the arbitrary administration of Lord Cornbury, 1702-1708. 

Nanfan supported the Leislerian party in an attack upon the Dutch 
church of New York. They planned vengeance upon some of the leading 
members of that church. Elder Bayard was only saved from the scaffold 
by the timely arrival of Governor Cornbury, who took the other side of the 
dispute. 

Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury, third Earl of Clarendon, cousin of 
Queen Ann, "had every vice of character necessary to discipline a colony 
into self reliance and resistance." He was of weak intellect and had the 
arrogance of the aristocracy without its virtues. He thought that popular 
rights existed only as a condescension, and had no conception of political 
power except as it emanated from a superior. 

The English Government did not allow Lord Cornbury much freedom 
of action. His commission and instructions were very precise. In regard 
to religion his commission said : "Wee doe by these presents authorize and 
empower you to collate any pron (person) or prons (persons) to any 
churches or Chapells or other ecclesiastical benefices within our said 
province or dependencies aforesaid, as often as any of them shall happen 
to be void." 

His Instructions, so far as they relate to religion and morality are 
practically an enlargement of those of former governors. But to Corn- 
bury's narrow mind these Instructions gave him absolute authority over all 
churches and schools of every denomination, and it was his obstinate 
purpose to carry these views into efifect. 

Cornbury loudly proclaimed his favor to the Episcopalians and under 
pressure from him an amendment to the Ministry Act was passed (June 
ip! ^703) increasing the amount to be raised in New York City for the 
clergy from 100 to 160 pounds. Other efiforts to strengthen the Act were 



EMERGING FROM THE STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL FREEDOM 5I 

made from time to time. Trinity Church also received new incorporation 
June 2"], 1704, and the happy thought occurred to the Governor to petition 
the Queen to give the so-called Queen's Farm to Trinity Church. This 
was granted 1705. 

This farm, the ancient property of Anneken Jans, the wife of Domine 
Bogardus, had been sold by her heirs in 1671 to Governor Lovelace, and 
after the reconquest of the country by the English in 1674 it became the 
property of the Crown. It has been a chief source of the income of 
Trinity Church and for years was an occasion of jealousy, resulting in 
many law suits. In all of these the Church without exception was success- 
ful. 

It was during Cornbury's administration that the Anglican Alissionary 
Societ}', entitled "The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign 
Parts," began work in America. Between 1702 and 1705 this Society sent 
over six Anglican ministers. They were worthy men but were deceived in 
regard to the real intention of the Ministry Act and disappointed in its 
results for themselves. In many of the places where they attempted to 
work Independent or Presbyterian ministers were already officiating. The 
vestries, elected by popular vote, were generally composed of men opposed 
to Episcopal polity. Hence they frequently called non-Anglicans and paid 
them from the proceeds of the Ministry Act, while the Episcopal clergy 
were in distress from lack of support. This had been displeasing to 
Fletcher, satisfactory to Bellomont and excited the fierce wrath of Corn- 
bury. The most noteworthy e;(ample of this occurred at Jamaica, L. I., 
where the Governor attempted to force an Anglican minister upon an 
unwilling people. The strife occasioned lasted for many years to the 
great injury of the Episcopal Church and of religion generally. Cornbury 
also made trouble in other Presbyterian communities and attacked and 
persecuted individual Presbyterian clergymen. At this time there were 
about twenty-two Presbyterian churches in the colony, and the Presbytery 
of Philadelphia was organized in 1705. The first Presbyterian Church in 
New York City was established in 1717. 

Governor Cornbury had no more love for Reformed Churches than he 
had for Presbyterian, but it was less safe to attack them. He could do 
nothing agairst the Dutch Church of New York City because of its charter. 
He did however keep the Consistory in an anxious frame of mind and 
hindered the progress of its school. Even the most humble Dutch church 
in an obscure village trusted to the treaty rights of 1664 for the protec- 
tion of its liberties. Cornbury therefore tried, if possible, to enslave the 
Reformed Churches through flattery rather than violence. By this method 
he was partially successful with the French Reformed churches of the 
province. 

Flattery failirg, Cornbury's ferocious bigotry attempted force in the 
outlying Dutch communities. After the departure of Domine Nucella 
from Kingston in 1704, that church planned to call a minister from Hol- 
land and so informed Cornbury. To this he made no objection. Later he 
frightened the school master of Kingston into accepting his license and 



52 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

sent the Rev. Samuel Hepburn, an Anglican clergyman there, who was 
received by the people with scant cordiality. Meanwhile the Rev. Henricus 
Beys, having accepted the call from the church of Kingston arrived from 
Holland in 1706. Cornbury for a long time refused him permission to 
serve and a great dispute arose in consequence. Finally, after many 
efforts the Governor gave to Beys a grudging permission, and he entered 
upon his pastorate. Beys was not successful in his labors and returned to 
Holland in 1708. Afterward he served Harlem and Fordham as an Epis- 
copalian, but re-entered the Dutch ministry in 1713. 

Cornbury's efforts to destroy the freedom of the Dutch Church was 
revealed still more fully in his treatment of the Dutch churches on Long 
Island. Domine Lupardus of that field, died in the spring of 1702, and 
those churches, with the consent of the Governor, sent to Holland for a 
pastor. Meanwhile Domine Freeman, who was pastor at Schenectady, 
by underhanded methods obtained a call from the church of New Utrecht 
with a private understanding of support from neighboring congregations. 

Domine Antonides arrived from Holland in company with Beys, in 1706, 
expecting to become pastor of the combined churches on Long Island. 
Upon hearing of his arrrval Freeman hastened to the Governor and secured 
from him a civil license to preach in all the Dutch villages on Long Island. 
Therefore, when Antonides called upon the Governor to pay his respect, 
he was coldly informed that the fields on Long Island were occupied and 
that he could not serve there. A violent quarrel ensued which almost 
disrupted the congregations on the Island and even extended to the Dutch 
Church of New York. Antonides however braved the tyrant's wrath and 
performed some of his duties. The dispute extended into years and lasted 
beyond Cornbury's time. After yielding many points to Freeman an agree- 
ment of mutual service was arranged and the troubles died away. The 
Classis of Amsterdam sustained Antonides and condemned Freeman 
throughout all this strife. 

Cornbury's oppression drove many of the Dutch people of New York 
to the valleys of the Raritan and the Millstone in New Jersey. There they 
settled and founded churches, which later became so flourishing that the 
region was known as "The garden of the Dutch Church." 

Events now reached such a condition in the province that all parties 
united against the Governor. On May 24, 1706, a paper was prepared re- 
viewing the history of the Dutch churches, and the freedom of action which 
they had always enjoyed until Cornbury's time; the harmony which had 
existed between the Dutch and English churches, and the recent acts of 
tyranny. They requested that the Bishop of London might be notified of 
such ecclesiastical intolerance. Nine hundred guilders was sent to Holland 
to prosecute the case before the legal authorities in England. Cornbury's 
administration therefore ended in disgrace in 1708. After this there was 
no important collision with the English governors down to the American 
Revolution, although the governors generally took the false view that the 
Ministry Act established the Episcopal Church. There were many efforts 
made to repeal this act but all were unsuccessful until the War for In- 
dependence finally broken the union of church and state. 



EMERGING FROM THE STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL FREEDOM 53 ' 

After the end of this prolonged struggle against a church establishment 
of the minority, the thirteen churches of 1664 had increased to thirty-four. 
Twenty-three new ministers had officiated making thirty-eight in all from 
the first settlement. Twelve were in service in 1705. Like their ancestors 
in Holland they throve by persecution and extracted victory from defeat. 

During this period three races were prominent upon the field of the Re- 
formed Church in America. The English were the masters of the land 
and sought to set the fashions. The French Huguenots, having fled 
from persecution at home, enriched their adopted country by their charac- 
ter and skill. All classes lived well, but the Dutch were especially hos- 
pitable and inclined to social gatherings and picnics. 

The will and inventory of the goods of Mr. Peter J. Marius. a prom- 
inent officer of the Dutch church, who died in 1703, reveal something of 
the domestic arrangements of those fathers of the Reformed Church ir^ 
America. Mr. Marius began life as a Roman Catholic, but leaving "Blind 
Popery" he rose to a leading place in the Reformed Church of New York- 
City. 

His house stood on the south side of Pearl street and the inventory of 
his estate accurately describes the house and the contents of each room. 
This typical dwelling of a Dutch burgher of the olden time, had a store in 
front and a living room behind it. Back of this was a "great kitchen" 
with a chamber above, and a little thatched room on the left. There was 
also a small writing chamber. In the yard was a great store house, a small 
store house and a cellar. 

The funeral arrangements of Air. Marius reveal the social customs of 
those days. On that occasion 29 gallions of "wyne," at 6s, gd per gallion, 
were consumed. 800 cookies were eaten and one-half of a vat of beer 
was drunk. Provision was also made for suits of mourning, mourning 
rings and gloves. 

In 1702 a ministerial society was organized in the city of New York, 
This however soon came to grief and in 1704 Mr. Neau, the catechist of 
Trinity Church, tried to revive it. Mr. Peiret, of the French Church heart- 
ily approved it. Mr. Vesey, Rector of Trinity Church, said that it 
savored too much of secret assemblies and that he could not join without 
the special permission of the Bishop of London. Domine DuBois pleaded 
other duties and damned it with faint praise. Mr. Neau was persistent: 
however and formed a devotional union composed of seven persons which 
met every Wednesday. Of this society pastor Peiret became president. 

On the whole the tone of religion and morality throughout the province 
was low. All classes were effected but the leaders in iniquity were the 
English. The various governors were bidden by their instructions to 
maintain religious observances and outward decorum among the people. 
Many times acts were passed against drunkenness, cursing, swearing and 
Sabbath breaking but with little apparent effect. In 1702 one Jonathan 
Whitehead was accused of "setting out on a Journey with his Pourt 
mantel behind him upon the Sabbath day." He also shocked his neighbors 
by declaring "That Religion was onely an Inuention of cunning men to 



54 '"THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

gett thaire liuing by," and "That if it should be ordered now as to obsarue 
Thursday in a hundred years it would be as Religiously obsarued as the 
Sabbath now is — " 

The same year John Tallman, a justice of the peace, was deposed from 
his office for declaring "That the Scriptures were not the rule they being 
wrote by sinfull men of like prassions as we are." 

The Dutch Church labored, not without some success against the im- 
moralities of the time. It was ruled in 1707 that no illegitimate child 
should be baptized unless the parents, at least the mother, should have 
expressed repentance from sin. Sponsors were required to be of irre- 
proachable character and known as Christians, and they must promise to 
bring up the child in the true Christian doctrine and the fear of the Lord. 

The religious condition of the negroes throughout the colony was de- 
plorable. Many masters did not wish their slaves to be converted and be 
baptized for fear they would gain their freedom thereby. But in 1706 
a law was passed to encourage the baptism of negro, Indian and mulatto 
slaves. This law distinctly declared that baptism would not secure their 
freedom. It is probable that their condition was better in the country 
regions than in the city pf New York. 

Although the Indians were decreasing in number, they retained their 
■wild tastes. But from familiarity with the whites they lost their reverence 
for them. They were free in their criticisms declaring that it was a 
.greater sin for a white man to get drunk than for an Indian, for the white 
Tnan's religion forbade it and the Indian's did not. They said that it was 
not worth while for them to become Christians because the Christians 
themselves did not follow the principles of their religion. Nevertheless 
Domine Dellius of Albany labored much among them, restrained their 
■cruel treatment of captured enemies, and brought many of them into the 
fellowship of the Reformed Church. 

AUTHORITIES FOR THE SECOND PERIOD. 

The following is a list of original documents and important histories 
upon which the narrative of the Second Period is based. 
Anderson, J. S. M. History of the Church of England in the Colonies, 

3 vol, 2d ed., London, 1856. 
Baird, C. W. A History of the Huguenot Emigration to America, 2 vol., 
1885. 

Monograph on Daille. 
Berian. History of Trinity Church. 
'Briggs, C. A. American Presbyterianism, N. Y., 1885. 
terodhead, J. R. History of the State of New York, 2 vol., N. Y., 1853. 
Centennial Discourses of the Reformed Church in America, N. Y., 1877. 
Corwin, E. T. American Church History Series, Vol. VIII. 

Ecclesiastical Records of the State of New York, 6 vols, and Index, 
Albany, 1901-1905. 

Manual of the Reformed Church in America, 4th ed., 1902. 



EMERGING FROM THE STRUGGLE FOR CIVIL FREEDOM 55 

Dankers and Sluyter, Journal of a Voyage to New York, 1679, Brooklyn, 

1867. 
Dix. History of the Parish of Trinity Church, 4 vol., 1898-1906. 
Fowler. Constitutional and Legal History of New York, in Memorial 

History of New York. 
Miller, John. A Description of the Province and City of New York, 

London, 1843. 
Munsell. Annals of Albany. 

Murphy, H. C. Anthology of New Netherland, N. Y., 1865. 
Lamb, M. History of New York, 2 vols., 1877. 
Laws and Ordinances of New Netherland, 1638-1674, O'Callaghan, Albany, 

1868. 
New York, Documentary History of the State of, O'Callaghan, Albany, 

1849-1851, 4 vols. 
New York, Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of, 

procured in Holland, England and France by J. R. Brodhead, ed. by 

E. B. O'Callaghan, Albany, 1856-1861, 10 vols. 
New York, Council Minutes, ed. by V. H. Paltsits, 1910. 
Perry, W. S. History of the American Episcopal Church, 1587-1883, 2 

vol., Boston, 1885. 
Riker, J. Harlem, Its Origin and Early Annals, N. Y., 1904. 
Smith, Wm. History of the Province of New York till 1742, Albany, 1814. 
Tiffany, C. C. History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United 

States of America. American Church History Series, Vol. VH., 1895. 
Van Rensselaer, S. History of the City of New York in the Seventeenth 

Century, 2 vol., N. Y., 1909. 
Wolley, C. Journal of Two Years in New York and Part of its Territories 

in America, London, 1701. 
Year Books of the Collegiate Church of New York, 1880-1921. 



THIRD PERIOD 



THE STRUGGLE OF THE CHURCH FOR ECCLESIASTICAL 
FREEDOM, 1708-1792. 



CHAPTER X. 

GROWTH OF THE CHURCH TOWARD ECCLESIASTICAL 
FREEDOM, 1708-1747. 

Nearly a hundred years had rolled away since the West India Company 
had received its charter "to build forts, plant settlements, prosecute trade 
and assist in crushing piracy and the common enemy." Within this period 
the country had advanced from the condition of a tangled wilderness, in 
which the first Dutch Domine could scarcely find sufficient food for his 
motherless children, to the state of a flourishing colony under the British 
Crown. The land was not yet crowded, but in the midst of the woods were 
many prosperous farms and growing villages. The population had in- 
creased from a few hundred to about forty thousand, of whom nearly one- 
fourth lived in the city of New York. 

With the conquest of the forest came better means of transportation 
and communication. With trade came wealth and culture was her hand- 
maid. Some of the people were becoming freed from a struggle for a bare 
existence and were taking more thought than before was possible, for the 
things of the mind and spirit. People were having their portraits painted 
and collections of books were becoming common. There was the beginning 
of a native literature and the first newspaper in the middle colonies was 
about to be born. 

As a result of these conditions a new air of freedom was breathing over 
the land. Pride of citizenship was felt and there appeared the rudiments 
of a civic conscience. This spirit caused much political wrangling and 
the Royal Governors found their lot made bitter by the independent atti- 
tude of the popular assemblies. 

The Governors' Instructions still authorized them to induct ministers 
into vacant charges, but such directions had become obsolete. In such an 
atmosphere Episcopacy did not flourish, but the various so-called dissent- 
ing bodies grew apace. 

Mid-way between the Episcopal Church, which tried to claim establish- 
ment, and the dissenting churches, stood the Dutch Reformed Church. 
They had special protection under the treaty rights of 1664 and some of 
the larger of them already had or were securing charters. But they felt 

56 



GROWTH TOWARD ECCLESIASTICAL FREEDOM 57 

the pressure of the growing English element in almost all their congrega- 
tions. Their supreme ecclesiastical authority, the Classis of Amsterdam, 
was far away and unable to appreciate the changing conditions in the 
New World. Ministers were scarce and many of the more distant churches 
could have services only three or four times a year. As early as 1694 
Guilliam Bartholf, who had been a catechist and schoolmaster at Hacken- 
sack, had gone to Holland for ordination. But it was already felt that his 
example was too difficult to be in general followed. By special permission 
of the Classis of Amsterdam the New York ministers in 1729 ordained 
John Philip Boehme to serve among the Germans of Pennsylvania, but this 
act was not to be taken as a precedent. Because they were not allowed 
American ordination and were unable to go to Holland for that ceremony, 
some worthy young men were lost to the Reformed Church and some men 
of unfit character were able to impose themselves upon the more ignorant 
congregations. The most conspicuous example of such imposition was 
John Van Driessen, who was ordained by the Congregationalists of New 
England in 1727. 

During this period large numbers of Germans and a few Swiss, driven 
from their homes by persecution, settled in central New York, central New 
Jersey, and in eastern Pennsylvania. About 1730 the Classis of Amsterdam 
took charge of them, and this oversight continued until 1793 when the Ger- 
man Reformed Church became ecclesiastically independent. 

After long apparent declension and secret preparation of the Spirit of 
God, the time came for the revival of American Christianity, and to the 
surprise of friend and foe the churches of the New World blossomed 
forth in fresh life. 

The history of the Great Awakening is well known. The preaching 
of Edwards and his companions aroused the Congregationalists of New 
England. Among the Presbyterians of the Middle Colonies the influences 
which went forth from the Log College of William Tennent at Neshaminy 
watered the land. From south to north rode George Whitefield preaching 
the Gospel in demonstration of the Spirit and in power. There was hardly 
a denomination in the country which was not influenced by the revival. 
But such effects varied greatly in degree and kind according to the cir- 
cumstances and the genius of the denomination. Many of the ministers 
of the Reformed Church were opposed to all evangelistic activity, chief 
among whom was Domine Boel of New York. On the other hand Domine 
Theodore J. Frelinghuysen, who had begun labor in central New Jersey 
in 1720, was the leading spirit of Reformed Church evangelism. Misunder- 
stood and persecuted he persevered in preaching with large results, even 
many of his enemies being converted. He was the first Reformed pastor 
who began to train up young men for the ministry. He was probably the 
first Dutch minister in America who favored the idea of independence from 
the Classis of Amsterdam. He however sent his own sons, Theodore and 
John, to Holland for education and ordination.' 



'His opponents published a complaint ("Klagte") in 1725 against him, 
in a volume of 150 pages. Peace was not secured until the fall of 1734. 
See Ecc. Records of N. Y., which is very full on these matters. 



\58 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Associated with Frelinghuysen in his evangelistic campaign were Bar- 
tholf, Van Santvoord and others. Domine DuBois, the colleague of the 
great opponent, Boel, in New York, was much perplexed, but finally prac- 
tically took the side of the evangelists, sitting upon the platform with 
Whitefield when he preached in New York. 

The intense activity of the Great Awakening passed, but three perman- 
ent results remained. 

The first result was a great spiritual quickening of the churches, which 
largely augmented their number and their membership. In New Eng- 
land about one hundred and fifty new churches were organized, and the 
increase of members amounted to seven per cent of the population. In 
the Middle colonies the number of ministers doubled but could not keep 
pace with the growth of the churches. The Dutch Reformed churches in- 
creased about one-third, making now sixty-five in all. This growth further 
emphasized the need of more ministers. 

The second result was a great enlargement alohg missionary and educa- 
tional lines. Dartmouth College was founded as a school for Indians and 
Princeton College was the direct child of the revival. During this era 
the Dutch Church, und^ the leadership of Frelinghuysen, first began to 
feel a desire for a higher institution of learning, but this met with much 
opposition and the Church of New York City was for a long time opposed 
to the plan. 

The third result was the influence tending toward religious and political 
liberty. The revival laid emphasis on the grand principles of Christianity 
rather than on the theological distinctions previously valued. From that 
time rival sects learned Christian charity as never before. The effect upon 
political liberty was indirect. The growth of the religious convictions of 
the people served as a balance to the political revolution and prevented it 
from being hurled into that vortex of anarchy and ruin in which the 
French Revolution was swallowed up. 

One of the great elements in the influence tending toward religious 
freedom was the loosening the bonds which united the churches in America 
to the old ecclesiastical systems of Europe. This was especially marked 
within the Reformed Church. Wise men, both in Holland and America, 
realized that if the Reformed Church in America was to grow, or even to 
hold, her own, some form of organization for quick action was necessary. 
But the conservatives were opposed to this. 

About this time, 1736, the Consistory of Schoharie, N. Y., wrote to the 
Classis of Amsterdam desiring permission to ordain Johannes Schuyler, 
who had been laboring among them. The favorable reply was long delayed 
and in the mean Domine Haeghoort, who had encouraged the Schoharie 
Consistory in their action, became impatient and formed the plan of a 
Coetus or ecclesiastical assembly. He wrote letters on this subject to vari- 
ous churches, and especially to the Consistory of New York. That body, 
after mature deliberation, issued a circular invitation to all the Dutch 
churches of the neighborhood to send representatives to a conference to 
l?e held in New York, Sept. 5, 1737. They also informed the Classis of 



GROWTH TOWARD ECCLESIASTICAL FREEDOM 59 

Amsterdam of their action. At the appointed time the conference as- 
sembled and spent several days in consideration of the various points pre- 
sented. There was much discussion and marked difiference of opinion 
developed. But as a result of the debate two general articles were adopted. 
The first treated of the membership of the Coetus under six heads. The 
second treated of the business to be transacted under thirteen heads. Mat- 
ters were then referred back to the churches for consideration, and a 
meeting to consider their desires was appointed to be held in New York, 
April 27, 1738. 

At this second meeting a draft of a Coetus Constitution was prepared 
to be sent to the Classis of Amsterdam for their examination and approval. 
Meanwhile both the friends and enemies of a Coetus in America had been 
busy. Before and after this conference they loaded the tables of the 
•Classis with their letters favorable and adverse to the plan. The Classis 
.at first seemed favorable but the opposition gradually gained the ascendency 
in that body. On April 6, 1739, they approved a Coetus for New York 
provided it remained strictly subordinate to the Classis of Amsterdam and 
did not examine or ordain candidates. Such action forbade any useful 
activity on the part of the Coetus, along the lines in which its service was 
most necessary. The friends of the American Church were put to grief, 
and the foes of progress rejoiced. 

Domine DuBois, who had presided at the conference in New York in 
1738, attempted to organize another meeting to consider what should be 
done to develop the American Dutch churches but nothing came of it, and 
the Reformed Church of America remained for the time in uneasy and 
cramping subordination to the Classis of Amsterdam. 

Connected with the tendency toward ecclesiastical freedom a spirit of 
innovation was appearing. Old methods and usages were being questioned 
and in some cases cast aside. The first organ ever heard in a Reformed 
Church in America, the gift of Governor Burnet to the Dutch Church of 
New York in 1727, was sending forth its music from the Garden Street 
church. New York City. The character and meaning of the sacraments, 
Baptism and the Lord's Supper became topics for discussion. The disputes 
aroused by Frelinghuysen's activity led to a pamphlet war, in which sev- 
eral Reformed ministers became writers. Some of the younger people 
complained of the exclusive use of the Dutch language in the services of 
the church and longed for the introduction of English. The Liturgy, 
Psalms and Hymns of the Dutch Church translated into English were to be 
purchased in New York about the year 1745, but their use was seldom, if 
ever, allowed in the sanctuary. There were also complaints that the 
ministers preached too long, and in the case of the Dutch Church of New 
York at least, the ancient Dutch custom, which decreed that the sexes 
should sit apart in the sanctuary was broken, and families began to occupy 
pews together. It was a period of transition with all the characteristics 
for good and ill, which mark such a time. 

During this interim of delay eight new ministers began their labors ; five 
had come from Holland; two American youths had returned from Holland 



60 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

where they had gone for ordination, viz., Fryenmoet and Theodore Frel- 
inghuysen, Jr., afterward of Albany. Theodore Frelinghuysen, Sr., had 
privately and in an irregular manner ordained Goetschius. Among the 
new comers from Holland was Domine John Ritzema (1744) who was 
destined to play an important part in the future activities of the Reformed 
Church. Twenty-three ministers remained in the country and two new 
churches were organized. 



CHAPTER XL 

THE FIRST PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE, THE COETUS, 

1747-1754. 

Although the Coetus proposed in 1738 had failed of accomplishment, 
the desire for it did not die. The correspondence proves that both the 
Classis of Amsterdam and the ministers in America were agreed as to 
the importance of some kind of organization among the American Dutch 
churches. They differed however as to the extent of libertj advisable. 
Finally in 1747 the Rev. Ulpianus Van Sinderen came from Holland 
bringing directions for the American churches to organize a Coetus. Hav- 
ing received these letters the Consistory of New York City issued a call to 
the churches to meet as the guests of that Church in New York City on 
the second Tuesday in September, 1747. 

This meeting organized itself into a Coetus, which was to be composed 
of delegates, both ministers and elders from every church ; it acknowledged 
its subordination to the Classis of Amsterdam, and provided only for the 
transaction of ecclesiastical business. Yet it established Circles, of neigh- 
boring congregations, to which all local questions were first to be sub- 
mitted. It also stipulated that all ministers, hereafter arriving, should 
belong to the Coetus. 

The Classis of Amsterdam approved of this Coetus but was still re- 
luctant to allow it to perform the duty most necessary, to ordain the 
ministry. As its sessions multiplied thoughtful ministers became more and 
more dissatisfied with its shadowy authority. They became disgusted 
with its quarrels, and its ordinations, dependent upon long delayed and 
often unwilling permission from Holland. The death of two sons of Rev. 
Theodore J. Frelinghuysen returning from their studies in Europe, em- 
phasized the necessity for easy American ordinations. 

Therefore with feelings of perplexity the delegates assembled at the 
Coetus of September, 1753. At this meeting Domine Haeghoort proposed 
that the Coetus devise some means for the improvement of its organiza- 
tion. This proposition can refer to nothing else than the turning of the 
Coetus into a Classis, and, as is proven by the correspondence, was so 
understood. The Assembly agreed to undertake the necessary modifica- 
tions at the next meeting of the Coetus. 

No one can tell what were the thoughts in Dutch hearts or changes of 
opinion in Dutch Church circles between the meeting of the Coetus of 
1753 and that of 1754. During the year the Consistory of New York 
suddenly developed hostility to the Coetus, and requested their ministers 

61 



62 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

no longer to attend its meetings. Domine Ritzema however replied that 
he must follow his own judgment. 

In spite of this feeling of the Consistory the Coetus met as guests of the 
Church of New York on Sept. 17, 1754, and Domine Ritzema presided. 
The question of turning the Coetus into a Classis was discussed, and it was 
resolved that Ritzema was to send a plan of such a Classis to each 
church. "Whereupon the Rev. Assembly well contented by reason of the 
excellent harmony and love which had prevailed, adjourned with thanks- 
giving and prayer to God." 

Almost immediately the hostility of the Church of New York to the 
Coetus burst forth. Domine Ritzema wrote to the Classis of Amsterdam 
but entirely omitted mention of the most important action of the Coetus,. 
the plan to turn it into a Classis. As secretary of the Coetus he sent their 
circular asking for the approval of a Classis to the various Dutch churches.. 
But with it he enclosed the resolutions of his own Consistory in opposition.. 
He also personally exerted himself against the change. This strange con- 
duct discouraged the friends of ecclesiastical independence, encouraged 
its enemies, and astonished all. By this action the whole Dutch Church 
in America was suddenly divided into two warring factions, and Domine 
Ritzema, before he realized his position, was thrust into the leadership of 
the ultra-conservatives. 

The reasons for this sudden change in the attitude of Domine Ritzema 
and his Consistory are obscure, but were probably connected with his ambi- 
tion for a professorship in the College which the Episcopalians were 
founding. Domine Ritzema was on intimate terms with the Episcopal 
party. He was much interested in the foundation of their college. Against 
the general opinion in Dutch Church circles he approved of the application 
of state money for this sectarian use and he qualified as a trustee. While 
his brethren in the Dutch Church were discussing the best methods of 
educating young men for the Dutch ministry and were beginning to talk 
of founding a college, he conceived the idea of uniting the Dutch with the 
English in founding King's College, and of giving the Dutch a divinity 
professorship therein. To this chair he hoped to be appointed. He there- 
fore persuaded his Consistory to petition the Assembly to have a clause re- 
garding the Dutch professorship inserted in the charter. This was done 
but .by an intentional oversight the charter which was signed by Gov- 
ernor DeLancey omitted that clause. This greatly chagrined Ritzema and 
his Consistory, but pleased that large party in the Dutch Church which 
desired a college of their own.' 

Full of enthusiasm for a Dutch Church college, Domine Theodore Fre- 
linghuysen of Albany saddled his horse in January, 1755, and made the 
journey down the western side of the Hudson to New York and back on 
the eastern. He stopped at all the churches by the way and sought to 
arouse enthusiasm for a Dutch College. The next spring Domine Ritzema 
without consulting his Consistory privately petitioned the Governor to 
amend the charter of King's College so that the Consistory of the Dutch 



^This matter is treated much more fully In the Manual of 1902. 



THE FIRST PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE, THE COETUS 63 

Church might nominate a man for a Dutch professorship therein. This 
the Governor did and the charter was so printed. 

Meantime Theodore Frelinghuysen of Albany took upon himself to call 
a meeting of the Coetus in New York in May, 1755. The Dutch Church 
of New York did not entertain this gathering and was unrepresented at 
its sessions. The grand object of this Coetus was to request the Synod of 
North Holland to transform it into a Classis and also to seek advice about 
establishing a Dutch college in America. A petition to Holland was pre- 
pared and Rev. Theodore Frelinghuysen was commissioned to carry it 
across the sea. This unfruitful mission he accomplished at a later day and 
was lost on his return home in 1761. 

The summer of 1755 was a trying time for Domine Ritzema. His at- 
titude toward the Coetus assembly in May provoked much unfavorable 
comment, and the story of his personal petition for a Dutch professorship 
in King's college was the talk of the town. The members of his Consistory, 
while not displeased at his attitude toward the Coetus, were very much 
aggrieved at his familiarity with the Episcopalians, and especially at his 
application to the Governor without their approval. 

On August II, 1755. they entered a resolution of disapproval of Domine 
Ritzema's conduct upon their records and permitted him to record his 
reply. 

The turmoil was now at its height. There was the wider struggle be- 
tween the Anglicans with their state supported, sectarian college and the 
dissenters. In this Domine Ritzgma, although his natural affiliations were 
with the dissenters, was classed with the Anglicans and mistrusted by both 
parties. The Dutch Divinity professorial chair, to which he aspired had 
been founded but displeasure at his conduct made his election thereto 
impossible and it stood empty. 

There was also the narrower struggle with the Dutch Church con- 
cerning the organization of a Classis and the method of ministerial educa- 
tion. This had been precipitated by Domine Ritzema and his Consistory 
when they disrupted the Coetus. 

Looking back from the vantage ground of the twentieth century upon the 
failure of the united Coetus, first organized in 1737, revived in 1747 and 
continued until 1754, we can see more clearly than the members of that 
body what was the primal trouble with the first ecclesiastical organization 
of the Dutch Reformed churches in America. 

The basal cause of these difficulties was geographical isolation. America 
in the eighteenth century was far from Europe. The generation which 
came from the Fatherland brought some of the Old World culture with 
them, but their children and their children's children were brought up in 
the woods without proper educational advantages. Hence the average 
member of the Dutch Church, especially in the rural districts, had the 
narrow outlook 6f an ignorant man. 

The cultured ministers of the Classis of Amsterdam were unable to ap- 
preciate the view point of the American woodsman or to sympathize with 
his needs. They were also prevented by distance from exercising a quick 



64 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

and intelligent control over the American churches. The more refined 
Holland ministers, seldom were willing to come to such a frontier of 
civilization as the provinces of New York and New Jersey. When such 
a one did come, he remained, if possible, in the larger towns, and was 
slow to learn the needs of the country churches. Hence the rural regions 
frequently became the stamping ground of unqualified or unworthy men. 
The American youth who could go to Europe were few, and those who 
were ordained in America were apt to have the conceit of little knowledge. 
It took many years to overcome the handicap of ocean and forest. 



CHAPTER XII. 
PROGRESS AND REACTION, 1754-1768. 

The quarrel which arose within the Reformed Dutch Church in America 
at the disruption of the Coetus in 1754 is known as the Coetus-Conferentie 
controversy. It lasted from 1754 to 1771 and brought the Church so low 
that many of her wisest friends despaired of her life, and her growth 
was stunted for several generations. 

The Coetus party proposed to become an independent classis with full 
power to ordain young Americans for the Dutch American churches. 
With this object in view they planned to found a college at which students 
could be prepared for the ministry. This party claimed a majority of the 
ministers and was composed chiefly of the younger American elements of 
the Reformed Church. They were pious in life and evangelistic in method. 
Rev. Theodore Frelinghuysen of Albany was the leader until his death in 
1761, when the Rev. Samuel Verbryck of Tappan inherited his position. 

The minority party was called the Conferentie. It was composed of 
the older Holland born ministers. They possessed the weight of scholar- 
ship which was thought sometimes to hinder their usefulness. They de- 
sired to remain in strict subordination to the Classis of Amsterdam. Yet 
even they admitted that some kind of organization was necessary for the 
American churches and they devised various plans for the education of 
American ministers. Of these the proposal to have a Dutch divinity pro- 
fessorship in King's college, was the chief. 

Rev. Johannes Ritzema, senior pastor of the Dutch Church of New 
York City, was the unofficial leader of the Conferentie. In this he was 
strongly seconded by his colleague, Domine DeRonde, but his Consistory 
attempted to hold aloof from the controversy. Ritzema became very un- 
popular with the Coetus party and was accused of "many works of dark- 
ness." 

After the disruption of the Coetus in 1754 the body which inherited that 
name continued to hold meetings in New York, but no longer as the guest 
of the New York Dutch Church. They advanced in boldness, and, for the 
members of the Coetus at least, independence became an accomplished fact. 
At their own discretion they ordained young men for the ministry. Mean- 
time Frelinghuysen was busy obtaining signatures to his petition for a 
Classis and college which he proposed to take to Holland and present in 
person to the Classis of Amsterdam. 

From time to time Domine Ritzema gathered the so-called Conferentie 
party in the Consistory Room of the Garden Street Church, New York 
City. They attempted no organization and as j'et met without elders. 

65 



66 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

They were fierce in their denunciation of their opponents. Three years 
later he invited those ministers who had never belonged to the Coetus 
to join them and thus the number of the Conferentie was increased to 
eight but they were still a minority. 

Both parties were anxious to obtain the approval of the Classis of 
Amsterdam, and many were the letters, filled with complaints, which 
choked the eastbound mail. 

The Classis of Amsterdam were sorely perplexed with this Correspond- 
ence. They attempted to remain neutral but found it impossible. At first 
they sided with Ritzema and were displeased with the independent at- 
titude of the Coetus and at the proposal for an American college. In the 
summer of 1756 the Classis presented the whole matter to the Synod of 
North Holland, which supported the side of the Conferentie. This was of 
course agreeable to Ritzema and his party. 

The strife now seemed hopeless. Churches were divided and neighboring 
ministers were at variance with each other. The outlook for the Reformed 
Church in America seemed dark indeed. 

From the beginning of the trouble the more thoughtful men of both 
parties desired to find & common ground for peace. During the summer 
of 1757 definite efiforts were made in that direction but without result. 
The next year by the advice of the Classis of Amsterdam the attempts were 
renewed. After long delays a conference met on May 6, 1760. At this 
the Conferentie made three proposals: ist. They stated that they acted 
in obedience to the Classis in proposing peace. 2d. They said that they 
could not yield in important matters to majority rule but must refer to the 
Classis. 3d. They declared that they could not acknowledge the Coetus 
ordinations except when full power had been given by Classis. 

The Coetus felt that to adopt these articles would seriously wrong the 
young men who had accepted their ordination in good faith and nothing 
came of it. 

About three months later Domine Leydt of New Brunswick published a 
booklet, entitled "True Liberty the Way to Peace." In this he gave a 
history of the dispute and argued in behalf of the Coetus' right to ordain 
and for majority rule. Domines Ritzema and DeRonde sent an unfavorable 
report of this pamphlet to the Classis and Ritzema published a reply to it. 
This reply brought out from Leydt a "Defence of True Liberty the Way to 
Peace." Feb. 19, 1762. In this he argued against the points made by 
Ritzema and rather failed in charity toward his opponent. 

Ritzema showed restraint in allowing ten months to pass before he made 
an answer. He then published an elaborate discussion of the whole sub- 
ject and of his own relation to it. He also went fully into the relative 
merits of the Coetus and Conferentie pastors. 

Frelinghuysen made his journey in behalf of the American Classis and 
college to Holland in 1759. He was unsuccessful in his efiforts and was 
drowned on his return journey two years later. His labors in Holland 
were continued by Rev. Jacob R. Hardenberg, an American ordained min- 
ister. He did not apparently accomplish much, but his influence helped 



PROGRESS AND REACTION, 1 754- 1 768 67 

to prepare the minds of the Netherland clergy for the independence which 
was sure to come. 

In 1761 the Coetus made an unsuccessful attempt to obtain a charter for 
their proposed college from the Governor of New Jersey. About this time 
there was also some talk of a divinity professorship for the Dutch in 
Princeton college, but nothing resulted from it. Ritzema, still bitterly 
hostile to the plans for a Dutch college, had probably by this time given 
up hope of his own appointment to the chair of Dutch divinity which was 
standing vacant in King's college. He therefore began to urge that a 
proper person be found for that position in Holland but without result. 

Domines Leydt of New Brunswick and Meyer of Kingston attempted 
to vindicate the Coetus party. Domine Hardenberg, recently returned 
from the Fatherland, explained the attitude of the Holland clergy, and 
asserted that many of them were not in agreement with the conservative 
position. 

At about this time the Conferentie brethren organized themselves 
into "An Assembly subordinate to the Classis of Amsterdam." They 
listened to a few complaints, sent a few letters to Holland and by special 
permission ordained one young man, Garret Lydekker, to the ministry. 
Their attitude was in general negative. 

The protracted arguments in regard to. the subordination of the Dutch 
American ministers to the Classis of Amsterdam, attracted the attention 
of the public and of the civil authorities. The rumor spread abroad that 
the Dutch ministers were not loyal subjects to the British Crown. This 
led Domine Meyer to take the oath of allegiance to the English Govern- 
ment. His act and the attitude of the Coetus toward the Classis of Amster- 
dam, was approved by the English public and strengthened their position. 
Meanwhile the Conferentie ministers were left under the stigma of dis- 
loyalty and were embittered to begin a cruel personal attack upon Meyer. 
As their fortunes waned Ritzema and his companions became more bitter in 
published statements- and personal arguments. They attempted to 
strengthen their position by efforts to involve neutrals in their dispute and 
by appeals to Holland. At one time it was suggested that all the members 
of the Coetus should have their names stricken from the roll of the 
Classis of Amsterdam. At another it was proposed that that Classis appeal 
to the King of England against them. But to such propositions the Classis 
turned a deaf ear. 

As the fortunes of the Conferentie declined the strength of the Coetus 
increased. Their churches were growing in number and strength and they 
were doing their best to supply them with worthy pastors. Even the 
Baptists said that they could live as brethren with the Coetus ministers. 

After much discussion and in the face of a good deal of conservative 
opposition the progressive element of the Dutch Church of New York 
City called Rev. Archibald Laidlie, English preacher in the Reformed 
Church of Flushing, Holland, 1763, to become the English preaching 
colleague to Domines Ritzema and DeRonde. His success was remarkable 
and his coming marked a new era in the growth of that important church. 



'68 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

At about the same time revised English translations of the Catechism 
Psalter and Liturgy were published in New York. 

Another attempt to secure a settlement of the troubles was made at a 
joint meeting held in New York. June 19, 1764. At this gathering the 
Conferentie brethren were somewhat strengthened by the presence on their 
side of delegates from the German Reformed Church of New York City. 
Breaking their former rule of aloofness elders from the Dutch Church 
of the city were also in attendance. The gentle Laidlie, the newly arrived 
English preacher for the Dutch Church of New York, was also in at- 
tendance on condition that he was recognized as non-partizan. 

The Coetus also after long effort succeeded in obtaining, November 10, 
1766, a charter for their proposed new college from William Franklin, Gov- 
ernor of New Jersey. It was however some time before the college began 
its activities. 

As time passed the very heat of the controversy burned out the strength 
of the disagreement. The Conferentie ministers were compelled to 
acknowledge that the trend of circumstances was against them. Impressed 
with these facts Ritzema and his companions renewed their talk of peace 
with the Coetus ministers. On May S, 1767, the Conferentie ministers, 
assembled in New York framed a letter to the Coetus containing peace 
proposals. This stipulated that the Coetus must subordinate itself to the 
Classis and that delegates to the peace-meeting suggested must have been 
ordained to the satisfaction of the Conferentie. It said that treatment of 
other matters might be considered later and ordinations provided for fit 
persons. 

An answer to this letter was received Oct. 6, 1767. This was unsatis- 
factory because it did not correspond to the terms offered. The Con- 
ferentie therefore considered their efforts fruitless, and decided that they 
would have nothing more to do with the Coetus until they answered their 
proposals. They also wrote an account of their troubles to the Classis, 
and referred in terms of displeasure to the newly chartered Coetus college. 

This was the last formal meeting of the Conferentie. They had obtained 
a meager approval from far away Holland, but they had lost the favor 
■of the multitudes with whom they lived and they could not succeed with- 
out it. 

Both parties were weary of the strife but saw no way to end it. There 
w&s however a pause in the conflict. Unknown to them the movement 
was beginning which was to result in peace, and the man of destiny was 
being prepared to lead the factions through the final stages of their struggle 
into true union and independence.^ 



^This period is treated more fully in the third edition of the Manual. 
1879. 



LHAPTER XIII. 
UNION AND PEACE, 1768-1775. 

John Henry Livingston was born at Poughkeepsie, N. Y., May 30, 1746. 
Although the Dutch language, used in the church of his native place, was 
unintelligible to him, he was brought up with careful training. He gradu- 
ated with honor from Yale College in 1762. At first he studied law but 
declining strength led him to think of his soul's salvation. After a period 
of conflict he found peace and his health was restored. He came to New 
York in 1765 intending to study for the ministry. He listened with atten- 
tion to the preaching of Domine Laidlie, and the young minister and the 
youthful aspirant were mutually attracted to each other. During the 
winter in which Livingston resided in the city he and Laidlie had many 
conversations with each other in regard to the state of the Reformed 
Church. Livingston was strongly tempted to turn away from the Church 
of his fathers to the growing Presbyterian body or the more honored 
Episcopal Church. But the very need of the Dutch Church seemed to 
call to him for aid. It was impressed upon him that he was destined to 
bring peace to the warring factions. With such thoughts in mind, and 
urged by Domine Laidlie, he determined to take the theological course in 
Holland. He then proposed to return to America, and devote his life to 
the service of God within the Reformed Church. 

On May 12, 1766, he embarked for Holland, the last of the American 
youths to go there for theological education. He studied at Utrecht, and 
his intellectual and spiritual progress soon made him a marked man among 
his fellows. At the same time by correspondence he kept well informed 
regarding church conditions in America. 

As his acquaintance and reputation with the members of the Reformed 
Church of Holland increased, he improved every opportunity to explain 
to them the condition of the Dutch churches in the New World. Just 
at this time Rev. Dr. John Witherspoon, president-elect of Princeton Col- 
lege, was in Holland, and his words ahly seconded the words of the earnest 
American youth. His influence made the Classis of Amsterdam think 
favorably of a union of the Dutch American Church with Princeton for 
theological education. 

Under the influence of these men a Plan of Union was adopted by the 
Classis of Amsterdam, June 6, 1768. This Plan admitted the necessity of 
the training of an American ministry. It proposed a close union of the 
Dutch Reformed in America with the Presbyterians in Princeton College. 
They were to study together in the literary department but the Dutch were 
to have a separate theological professor. The Netherland standards were 

69 



70 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

to be maintained by the Dutch American Church, and the bond of union 
between Holland and America was not to be broken. The names Classis 
and S3'nod were not to be allowed in the American Church, but only 
Conventus and Coetus. These bodies were to have power to ordain and to 
perform all other necessary acts, but must report all their doings to 
Holland. 

To Mr. Livingston's youthful enthusiasm this plan promised the settle- 
ment of all differences. He had persuaded some Dutch gentlemen to 
promise to educate a Dutch American boy in Holland with the expecta- 
tion that he should become professor in the newly chartered Coetus college. 
But when he considered this plan for education in union with Princeton, 
he sent a letter to them revoking his request. 

In America within Dutch Church circles there was much difference of 
opinion in regard to the Plan of Union. The Coetus ministers were not 
favorable to a local union with Princeton College, but they felt they ought 
to yield for the sake of peace. All the Conferentie ministers, except 
Rysdyck, were opposed. 

After failing to obtain more than private conversations with the Con- 
ferentie, the Coetus appealed to the Consistory of New York which had 
in general maintained a neutral attitude in the midst of the disputes. 
They said that they were willing to adopt the Plan of Union with slight 
changes, and they declared that if only peace could be secured the question 
of a college would take care of itself. The Consistory of New York did 
nothing of importance except to write a full account of the attitude of 
the parties to the Classis of Amsterdam. The Classis was displeased 
with the slight results obtained and threatened to abandon the American 
churches to their own devices. At this time Ritzema made a final attempt 
to accomplish the ambition of his life, and to obtain the long empty seat 
of the Dutch Divinity Professorship in King's College. But his own 
Consistory, with whom the nomination rested refused to act and his effort 
was unsuccessful. 

This endeavor however stimulated the Coetus party to greater efforts. 
Their college charter of 1766 was too limited. They therefore obtained 
a charter for Queen's College, March 20, 1770. Under this second charter 
the college was capable of indefinite expansion. The President was re- 
quired to be a member of the Dutch Reformed Church, and could be 
divinity professor if elected thereto. They were always to have one teacher 
versed in English. After some discussion the location of the College was 
fixed at New Brunswick, N. J. Prohably because the churches of the 
Raritan valley had subscribed liberally, and because there was hope of 
drawing German students from Pennsylvania. 

Meanwhile the Dutch Church of New York realized that Mr. Laidlie, 
their English preacher, should have aid in his increasing labors. On 
March 29, 1769, they accordingly called Mr. Livingston to become their 
fourth pastor, the second to use the English tongue. After some delay 
he accepted and having been ordained and having received the degree of 
doctor of divinity, he sailed for America. 



UNION AND PEACE, I768-I775 7I 

Dr. Livingstoji was a man who would have made his mark in any call- 
ing, and he not only became strikingly successful in his pastorate but his 
influence extended widely throughout the denomination. 

Although the Plan of Union had failed the project was not abandoned. 
The Classis of Amsterdam still urged the matter. In America progressives 
were pressing forward and conservatives were holding back, but both were 
being rapidly pushed toward a new freedom which they did not under- 
stand. A change had come over the spirits of men. Both sides were 
ashamed of their quarrels and it was easy to talk of union. Dr. Livingston 
took every opportunity to increase this feeling, and at last he proposed to 
the Consistory of New York that they assume the responsibility of calling 
a Peace Convention. To this they gladly assented and a circular letter 
was issued, September 4, 1771, inviting delegates from all the Dutch 
churches to meet as their guests on Tuesday, October 15, 1771. 

On the day appointed Dr. Livingston welcomed the guests. There were 
present 10 of the 13 ministers recognized as belonging to the Coetus. Of 
the 10 neutrals, 5 were present; 7 of the 11 ministers of the Conferentie 
were on hand, but Domine Ritzema was conspicuous by his absence. In 
all 22 ministers and 25 elders representing 34 churches were present. 

By appointment Domine DeRonde preached to a crowded audience. His 
years of ultra conservatism had brought him into bitter experiences and 
he was of chastened spirit. He took for his text, Eph. 6:23, "Peace be to 
the brethren with love and faith from God the Father and the Lord 
Jesus Christ." The assembly was organized with Livingston as president. 
The Plan of Union, proposed' by the Classis of Amsterdam, was adopted 
with slight amendments. The convention agreed to acknowledge the bond 
of the Classis and to abide by the doctrines of the Synod of Dort. One 
General Body with power to ordain and five Particular Bodies were 
formed. All ordinations and changes in the ministry were to be reported 
to Holland. One or more professors were to be imported but were to 
have no connection with English speaking colleges. Until this system 
could be arranged the General Body were to examine those who had studied 
with ministers. Certain articles were added respecting the settlement of 
disputes, and the recognition of ministers ordained by the Coetus. The 
whole plan was to be ratified by the Classis of Amsterdam before it be- 
came law. The Consistory of New York was thanked for their hospitality 
and the meeting adjourned. 

In the midst of the general approval of the result a few remained op- 
posed. Of these the chief was Domine Ritzema. At first he attempted 
to strengthen the opponents but later, severely admonished by the silence of 
the Classis of Amsterdam to his appeals he became quiet. 

After the Classis had approved the action of the convention, the Con- 
sistory of New York again called a meeting to receive the reply. This 
gathering assembled June 16, 1772. Dr. Livingston, the retiring president, 
presided and preached "a highly learned, appropriate and affecting dis- 
course" from Malachi 4 :2. Domine Rysdyk became president. Wonderful 
to relate Domine Ritzema now appeared upon the scene and when the 



^2. THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

articles of union were presented for renewed subscription, he was the first 
to come forward to place his name upon the book. At the close of the 
assembly he voluntarily offered a very touching prayer, and the mem- 
bers with delight appointed him to preach the thanksgiving sermon at their 
next meeting. 

So at last peace was restored and union accomplished. A few of the 
churches were slow to accept the terms but most were glad to bury their 
ill feeling. Dr. Hardenberg declared that peace was made between the 
rival consistories of his church on the Raritan in less than half an hour. 

Some phrases of subordination to the Classis of Amsterdam remained 
but the Dutch Reformed Church of America became really an independent 
ecclesiastical body in June, 1772. Occasional letters of friendship there- 
after passed between the Mother Church in Holland and the Daughter 
Church in America, but no longer was there the language of authority 
on the one side, nor of defiance or subservience on the other. 

After the convention of 1772 there were five meetings of the General 
Body before the Revolutionary War. The work of the General Body 
during this period was chiefly concerned with outstanding congregations, 
with efforts to arrange for a Widows' Fund, and to establish a theo- 
logical professorship upbn a proper foundation. 

Dr. Livingston, although only a youth, was the moving spirit of these 
gatherings. He drew up a plan for the relief of clerical widows and 
orphans, and prepared a list of all ministers, licentiates and vacant con- 
gregations, the earliest predecessor of the Manual of the Reformed 
Church in America. 

There was much amicable discussion in regard to the theological pro- 
fessorship, and several efforts were made to obtain a professor in Eng- 
land or in Holland. After hinting upon the matter, in June, 1774, the 
Classis of Amsterdam advised the General Body to appoint Dr. Livingston 
to that office. 

But war clouds were rising over the land. Men could not fix their minds 
on any subject less pressing than the battle for freedom. The only action 
which the General Body took upon the Professorate at their meeting in 
October, 1775, was: "By reason of the pitiful condition of our land, the 
consideration of the professorate is deferred." 

Neither could men fix their minds on letter writing. Communication 
between the rebel colonies and the great world outside, was about to be 
cut off. Too late to be read at this meeting a sad message arrived from 
the Classis of Amsterdam complaining that for a long time they had 
heard nothing of their daughter in America. They were not to hear again 
for more than three years. 

Thus ended the so-called Amsterdam correspondence, covering a period 
of about 150 years, between the Classis of Amsterdam and the Reformed 
Church in America. 

It is a relief to turn from the strife of parties to look at the church 
life of the Dutch Reformed churches in the generation before the Revolu- 
tion. 



UNION AND PEACE, I768-1775 73 

During this period the church buildings, with few exceptions, were 
plain and uncomfortable. In winter they were generally devoid of heat 
except for foot stoves. Lighting arrangements were either lacking or 
very inadequate. Probably no Dutch church outside of the city of New 
York possessed an organ. The second one belonging to that church, and 
the first of American make, was installed in the building on Nassau street 
in 1764. 

A bell rung, sometimes at 8, 9 and 10 A. M., summoned the worshippers 
to the sanctuary on Sabbath morning. Church attendance was generally 
good. The people sat in pews privately owned with the boys and negroes 
in the gallery. At the beginning of the exercises the foresinger frequently 
occupied the pulpit, read the Scripture and gave out the hymn. The 
domine then entered and kneeled in prayer at the foot of the lofty stairs. 
He then ascended to his place and ofifered a long prayer, reverent and full 
of theology. Afterward he gave out his text explained the context and 
divided his subject into several heads. While the people took time to 
absorb this the collection bags were passed. The offerings were some- 
times for the church, sometimes for the relief of local suffering, and very 
seldom for the aid of other churches or for distress far afield. 

The sermon followed the offering and was from one to two hours in 
length. At its conclusion requests for prayer were sometimes handed to 
the minister. These he read aloud and then presented them at the throne 
of grace. At the communion season those who were to partake pre- 
sented themselves before the pulpit. 

The pastors were generally provided with a parsonage and a small 
farm for the "exercise of their industry." The congregations often 
aided with the cultivation of the land, provided fire wood, and much 
hearty food for the minister's table. Beside this provision the salary was 
generally small and often ill paid. When Domine Laidlie was called to 
be the English preacher in the Dutch Church of New York City in 1763 
his salary was fixed at 300 pounds. But this was much above the average. 
The historian Smith writing somewhat before that time said that ministers 
could live upon their incomes but could seldom save anything. 

The colonial Dutch pastors were busy men. Beside their private duties 
on farm and garden they frequently preached twice on Sundays, and 
lectured or catechized once or twice during the week. Many of them 
had extended fields and out-stations which required long and lonelv 
journeys on horse back through the woods. Domine Van Schie of Pough- 
keepsie complained that such trips wore out his clothes very fast. 

The ministers made few merely social calls but assisted by the elders 
made regular visitations of their congregations, catechizing the children, 
and inquiring into the doctrine and manner of life of the people. 

It was a matter of congratulation with some of the Dutch clergy that 
they paid more attention to discipline than did the Episcopalians but were 
less strict than the Presbyterians. 

Beside the informal picnic gatherings in the church yard between services 
on Sundays, there were few social entertainments under the auspices of 



74 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

the church. Sunday Schools were unknown but the children and young 
people were rigorously trained in the fundamentals of Reformed Church 
doctrine. After such teaching they were sometimes allowed "a decent 
recreation." Mating however went on rapidly and the publication of the 
banns was of almost weekly occurrence. After marriages came baptisms 
which were very numerous. Between 1776 and 1789 Domine Gebhard of 
Claverack baptized 1424 children. 

Funerals were the occasion of much public interest, and the feasts pro- 
vided sometimes passed the bounds of propriety. The minister was ex- 
pected to take a text and to preach an elaborate sermon upon the brevity 
of Hfe, preparation for death, etc. 

Except in the few large towns school facilities were wofully lacking 
and the country people grew up in ignorance. They were however strongly 
attached to their churches and to the Reformed Church doctrine. Frequent- 
ly they were more ready to fight for them than to obey their precepts. They 
had a kind of superstitious reverence for the clergy and it was remarked 
of the congregations near Albany that their devotion to their church was 
out of proportion to their moral development. The Great Awakening how- 
ever had produced a marked improvement over earlier conditions. In the 
midst of rude surroundmgs and small opportunity for culture there was 
much true piety, and the vigorous political and spiritual life of the time 
was ready to burst into flower with the independence of Church and State. 



CHAPTER XIV. 

THE REFORMED CHURCH DURING THE PERIOD OF LIBERA- 

TION, 1775-1792. 

The clouds of war which had long been gathering over the land hung 
blackest over the territory of the Reformed Church. But in the midst 
of the gloom most of her people were enthusiastic in their loyalty to the 
American cause. Many of the Reformed people gave of their money 
and strength and not a few suffered in body and estate from their devotion 
to the cause. Many sons of the Reformed Church were also found in the 
armies of liberty. 

The Reformed clergy, with a very few exceptions, were devoted patriots. 
Their pulpits rang with stirring appeals which aroused the ardor and in- 
spired the courage of the people. For this reason several of them became 
the especial objects of British hatred, and only by flight could they save 
themselves from imprisonment or death. The adventures of some of them 
are a thrilling story. A large number of church buildings were desecrated 
or destroyed, the congregations scattered and the work brought to a 
stand still. 

After the meeting of the General Body in New York in October 1775, 
there was no further session until October, 1778. It then assembled at 
Kingston. This body set apart a day of fasting and prayer in behalf 
of the country, and took action to assist members of the Reformed Church 
who were driven from their homes or employment by the war. 

Two years later, 1780, the General Body met at New Paltz, N. Y. They 
memorialized the legislature in regard to the sins of the land, and in so 
doing spoke of the "present just and necessary war." At this session they 
deposed Domine Rubel for his Toryism. 

The session of the General Body in 1782 was held at Millstone, in a 
building blackened and scarred by the wanton abuse of the enemy. 

But peace was now at hand. The clouds of war were rolling away and 
in the light of independence, political and ecclesiastical, the future seemed 
bright. 

As soon as independence was gained it was resolved to drop the awkward 
names of General Body and Particular Bodies, and to assume the names 
of Synod and Classes. In 1784 the Synod elected Dr. John H. Livingston 
as their professor of theology, and Dr. Hermanus Meyer as instructor in 
the inspired languages. In 1788 a committee was appointed to translate 
and publish, the doctrinal symbols of the Church and the Articles of 
Church Government. In reference to the latter some modifications were 
found to be necessary to adapt them to the American Church. Hence, 

75 



y6 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

while preserving the eighty-four Articles of Dort on Church Order, there 
were added to these seventy-three Explanatory Articles, showing how the 
former were to be applied to the American Dutch Church. 

The Explanatory Articles particularly enlarged on the subject of candi- 
dates, their qualifications, the manner of their entering the ministry, and 
the privileges which belonged to them as such ; a formula which licentiates 
must subscribe was also incorporated, as well as a formula for the sub- 
scriptions of ministers before ordination. These were not in the Articles 
of the Synod of Dort, but came from some other source. Article VIII. of 
Dort permitted dispensations from the full course of studies by permission 
of the Synod. No remarks were made upon this. The subject of min- 
isters emeriti was somewhat enlarged upon, as well as the parity of min- 
isters, styling them all bishops. The brief Article XVIII. of Dort, relating 
to professors of theology, was elaborated into seven Explanatory Articles. 
The particular duties of elders and deacons were explained more fully, as 
well as the desirability of calling a Great Consistory in all important mat- 
ters. An article was added on Church-masters (Ex. Art. XXX.). These 
were a committee on repairs of churches, parsonages, and school buildings, 
and were to execute the orders of the Consistory. The brief Article 
XXXVII, of Dort on Cbnsistories was elaborated into five Explanatory 
Articles, referring to discipline and the matter of ministerial calls. Our 
present form of call was now for the first prepared and inserted. It was 
composed by Domine Westerlo. Before this calls were not uniform. The 
particular powers and duties of the Classes were more fully defined in 
some particulars. The power of examining students was now given to the 
Classes, although a student or licentiate could yet be examined by the 
Particular Synod if he so preferred. The deputies of the Synod were 
always to be present at examinations by the Classes, and to report to the 
Synod. 

The Article XLI. of Dort directing the president of the Classis to in- 
quire of the respective members "whether church discipline be exercised ; 
whether the poor and the schools be properly taken care of ; and whether 
they stand in need of the advice and assistance of the Classis in anything 
respecting the regulation of their churches;" and Article XLIV., directing 
each Classis to appoint visitors, "whose business it shall be to inquire 
whether the ministers. Consistories, and schoolmasters do faithfully dis- 
charge their offices ; whether they adhere to sound doctrine ; whether they 
observe in all things the received discipline," etc., were expounded in Ex- 
planatory Article XLIV. : "Once every year the Classis shall direct what 
shall be deemed necessary and practicable with regard to the visitation of 
the churches within their respective jurisdictions, and report the same to 
the Synod. For the more uniform and proper execution of this important 
duty, such particular questions and inquiries as shall be agreed upon in any 
General Synod for that purpose shall be inserted in the book of records of 
every Classis, and by the visitors be faithfully proposed to the minister, 
elders, and deacons of every congregation in their respective visitations." 

The particular powers and duties of the General Synod and of Particular 
Synods were more fully defined. The latter were to be representative 



THE CHURCH DURING THE PERIOD OF LIBERATION 'J'] 

bodies, consisting of two ministers and two elders from each Classis. 
They might yet examine and Hcense students, and this privilege continued 
down to the Revision of the Constitution in 1832. They were "to exchange 
every year a copy of their acts with the Synod of North Holland, and ex- 
press in their letters the desire of the Reformed Church in America to 
preserve a connection and cultivate a correspondence which they highly 
esteem and have found to be beneficial." (Ex. Art. L.) 

It had been found impracticable in Holland to hold a triennial General 
Synod (notwithstanding Article L. of Dort so directed) owing chiefly to 
certain civil complications. Hence the several Particular Synods in Hol- 
land exercised, each, the powers of a General Synod within their respec- 
tive local jurisdictions, and adopted a mutual correspondence with one 
another. The General Synod in Holland, according to the above article, 
was to consist of two ministers and two elders from every Particular 
Synod, both of the Dutch and Walloon Churches. But in America it was 
determir.ed that the General Synod should at first be conventional, consist- 
ing of all the ministers in the church and an elder from each congregation. 
It was to meet triennially. The General Synod, however, was given the 
privilege of changing its conventional character to a representative charac- 
ter by resolution. 

Explanatory Article LIX. is also worthy of special mention, as showing 
the position of the Church at that time on slavery: "In the Church there 
is no difference between bond and free, but all are one in Christ. When- 
ever, therefore, slaves or black people shall be baptized, or become mem- 
bers in full communion of the church, they shall be admitted to equal 
privileges with all other members of the same standing; and their infant 
children shall be entitled to baptism and in every respect be treated with 
the same attention that the children of white or free parents are in the 
church. Any minister who, upon any pretense, shall refuse to admit slaves 
or their children to the privileges to which they are entitled, shall, upon 
complaint being exhibited and proved, be severely reprimanded by the 
Classis to which he belongs." 

The subject of godparents or sponsors was declared to be a matter of 
little importance. The subject of catechizing children was emphasized, as 
well as that of pastoral visitations. The subject of holy days was referred 
to, advising ministers, at their discretion, to preach on those days, so as to 
turn people from idleness unto edifying themes.' 

The Synod reviewed this whole work seriatim in 1792, and formally 
adopted it. The General Synod was organized on June 3, 1794, and the 
old Synod became a Particular Synod. For a decade preceding, the terms 
General and Particular had been applied indiscriminately to the old "Gen- 
eral Body." During this transitional period no ministers came from Hol- 
land. The General Body or Synod licensed and ordained thirty-seven men 
for the ministry, and directed the Classis of Hackensack to license and 
ordain one i)i their name — viz., Isaac Blauvelt — in 1780. This was done 



'The original Articles of Dort, the Explanatory Article of 1792 and the 
Constitutional revision of 1833 and 1874 are to be found printed in paral- 
lel columns in Corwin's Digest, Page viii — Ixxxvii. 



78 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

because sickness had twice prevented him from meeting with the Synod. 
Eleven of these men had entered the ministry before the appointment of 
the professor, and twenty-seven had subsequently produced the professor's 
certificate. William Linn had come from the Presbyterians in 1787, and 
Winslow Paige from the Congregationalists in 1792; Peter van Vlierden 
had come from the West Indies in the same year. There were forty-one 
accessions to the ministry, and thirty churches organized, during this period. 
During the whole time of one hundred and sixty-four years (1628- 
1792) the Reformed Dutch Church had only been passing through the 
successive stages which were necessary to bring her into her ecclesiastical 
freedom and fit her for her future work. 

1. The migration of Holland's sons to America during a half century 
(1614-1664) was merely the planting of the seed. 

2. The struggle against the establishment of a church representing a 
very small minority of the population (1664-1708) proved to be the un- 
designed cause of charters for the Dutch churches which secured to them 
perfect independence in all ecclesiastical matters, as well as security from 
the acts of arbitrary governors ; and these charters the Dutch alone enjoyed 
of all non-Episcopal bodies. 

3. The imperfect piety resulting from such contests and from infre- 
quent services was followed by gracious revivals, not without opposition, 
which excited many holy aspirations after larger usefulness. (1708-1747.) 

4. In order to gratify these desires came the period of association of the 
scattered ministers and churches (1747-1754). Views were compared and 
efforts were made to meet more fully the necessities of the people ; but there 
was a failure to appreciate the importance of a gradual change of language 
from Dutch to English. And when the earlier plans of association were 
found to be impracticable better plans were devised and an attempt was 
made, somewhat irregularly on account of an irregular opposition, to carry 
them into execution (1754). But a peculiar combination of circumstances, 
in which some leaders in the church were allured into a false position, pro- 
duced an unhappy strife, which was unduly prolonged (1755-1771) and 
delayed the consummation. 

5. But Christian love finally prevailed and secured a union of the two 
parties (1771). Hardly, however, had they begun their new work in peace 
when .the American Revolution (1776-1783), prevailing especially on the 
territory of the Dutch Church, scattered the ministers and destroyed not a 
few of the churches. 

6. But with the success of civil liberty (1783) came to all denominations 
ecclesiastical autonomy with all that is involved therein — independent 
organizations (1792) ; a new sense of responsibility, literary and theological 
institutions with benevolent boards for the increase of Christ's Kingdom 
at home and its dissemination to the ends of the earth. 

In 1696, the year in which the first church charter was secured, the 
churches were only 23 in number and the ministers only 9. During the 
next 25 years there was a slow, natural increase of population, the churches 
increasing to 40 and the ministers to 13. In 1740 the ministers were 20 



THE CHURCH DURING THE PERIOD OF LIBERATION 79 

and the churches 65. In 1755, when the Coetus assumed the powers of a 
Classis, the ministers were 28 and the churches j})- At the union of the 
parties in 1772 the ministers were 41 and the churches 100. At the adoption 
of the constitution in 1792 there were only 40 ministers and 116 churches. 

AUTHORITIES FOR THE THIRD PERIOD. 

The following is a list of the original documents and histories upon 
which the narrative of the Third Period is based. 
Alexander, Archibald. Biographical Sketches of the Founder and Principal 

Alumni of the Log College, Princeton, N. J., 1845. 
•Beardsley, F. G. History of American Revivals, New York, 1904. 
Berrian. History of Trinity Church. 

' Centennial Discourses of the Reformed Church in America, New York, 1877. 
Centennial of the New Brunswick Theological Seminary, 1884. 
Chambers, T. W. Memoir of Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen, 1863. 
Corwin, E. T. Digest of Synodical Legislation of Ref. Ch. in America, 1906. 
Manual of the Ref. Ch. in America, 3d edition, 1879, and 4th edition, 

1902. 
Ecclesiastical Records of the State of New York, 6 vols., 1001-1905, 

Index 1916. 
Demarest, William. Introduction, Translation of Frelinghuysen's Sermons, 

1856. 
Translation of the Minutes of the Early Provisional Synod, 1771-1792. 

in Vol. I., of Mints, of Gen. Syn., 1859. 
Dix, M. History of the Parish of Trinity Church, 4 vols., 1898-1906. 
Gunn, Alexander. Memoirs of Rev. John H. Livingston, D. D., ist ed., 

1829, 2d ed., 1856. 
Leydt, Johannes. Pamphlets of Leydt with replies to each of them by 

Ritzema, with Letter of the Synod of North Holland, 1765, bound, in 

Sage Library, N. B. 
Magazine of the Reformed Dutch Church. 
McLean. History of Princeton Seminary. 
New York, Documentary History of the State of, O'Callaghan, Albany, 

1849-1851, 4 vols. 
New York, Documents Relative to the Colonial History of the State of, 

procured in Holland, England and France by J. R. Brodhead, ed. 

by E. B. O'Callaghan, Albany, 1856-1861, 10 vols. 
Smith. Wm. History of the Province of New York till 1742, Albany, 1814. 
Tififany, C. C. A History of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United 

States of America, N. Y., 1895, American Church History Series, 

Vol. VII. 
Valentine, D. T. Manual of the Corporation of the City of New York, 

1841-1871, 28 vols. 
Van Rensselaer, S. History of the City of New York in the Seventeenth 

Century, 2 vols., N. Y., 1909. 
Vermilye, A. G. The Leisler Troubles, 1689-91, in Memorial History of 

New York. 
Year Books of the Collegiate Church, 1880-1921. 



FOURTH PERIOD 

THE FREE CHURCH IN THE FREE STATE, 1792-1922. 



CHAPTER XV. 
THE FIRST GENERATION UNDER THE CONSTITUTION. 

As the nineteenth century dawned the Reformed Church in America 
stood forth facing the future with confidence, an independent body among 
her sister denominations. She retained many traces of her Netherland 
origin, and among the EngHsh-speaking population of America, she had 
somewhat of a foreign air. The conservative element in the Church had 
retained the use of the Dutch language so long that it became a hindrance 
to her growth. Frequently the necessary change from Dutch to English 
took place with friction which was harmful. The Standards and Liturgy 
were translated into English in 1767, but English did not become the 
universal language of the Church until about 1820. From that time until 
the arrival of the emigrants from Holland a generation later the ex- 
pressive tongue of the Fatherland was virtually extinct within the Re- 
formed Church in America. In the midst of a free environment the Church 
was to become thoroughly American retaining only that spirit of liberal 
conservatism, which had characterized the people of Holland throughout 
their whole history. 

It was the purpose of divine Providence that the Reformed Church should 
stand for evangelical faith in Christ within certain definite geographical 
areas of the American Republic, and that from these, as from a beacon, 
she was to let her light shine forth unto the ends of the earth. But 
Providence also intended that the Church should contribute to American 
religious life certain qualities of value to the growth of the youthful nation. 
Of these the following were characteristic. 

Its type of Presbyterianism had some admirable features of its own. The 
term of office of its elders and deacons was only for two years, although 
they might be re-elected ; but the elder retained the honor of his office 
for life, and might at any time, though not in the Consistory, become a 
delegate to the Synods of the church. The acting Consistory might also 
call together all former elders and deacons, as a Great Consistory, for con- 
sultation on important matters. The members of the Consistory were also 
generally the trustees of the property. This prevented conflicting views 

80 



THE FIRST GENERATION UNDER THE CONSTITUTION Ol 

between the spiritual and temporal officials of the church. The church 
had also an elaborate liturgy, which might be used or not at the option 
of the minister. The forms for the administration of baptism and the 
Lord's Supper were, however, obligatory. Either mode of baptism was 
allowed, although but one was commonly employed. In order to avoid 
neglecting any part of divine truth, ministers were required to explain 
the system of doctrine contained in the Heidelberg Catechism, so as to 
go over the entire system within a given period. This system, however, 
was not dogmatic, but experimental and practical. It presented the fact 
and the cause of man's misery, the method of redemption, and the gratitude 
which was due to God therefor. This catechism, constructed on such a 
basis, and emphasizing especially the comfort to be derived from all the 
great facts of Christianity, was one which evangelical Christians of all 
creeds could subscribe. There had been no change in the standards of 
doctrine since the Synod of Dort (1619), yet perfect liberty of investiga- 
tion was allowed and encouraged. 

All these unique features of the Reformed Church system not only agreed 
W'ith a democratic form of government, but aided in the development of 
democratic ideals. 

From the beginning the Reformed Church prized an educated ministry. 
The strife between the Conferentie and the Coetus parties in colonial days 
had turned, not upon the question whether an educated mininstry was 
necessary, but upon the best method of supplying it. Queen's (Rutgers) 
College was founded with this purpose in 1766. A like motive led the 
Dutch churches of the north to share in the founding of Union College 
in 1795. By the appointment of Dr. Livingston as Theological Professor 
in 1784 the first Theological Seminary in America was established. Be- 
tween that date and his removal of the institution to New Brunswick in 
1810, ninety-one students had received his certificates. At a later day and 
amid a different environment the Western Schools of the Reformed 
Church came into being to supply a ministry acquainted with western 
conditions and needs. 

(See special chapters on these institutions). 

The insistence of the Reformed Church on an educated ministry perhaps 
limited her extensive growth while it has intensified her influence within 
a narrower sphere. 

The generation succeeding the adoption of the federal constitution 
was a time of religious revival in America. It was a day of renewed 
appreciation of responsibility at home and of widening horizon for the 
Kingdom of God abroad. The Reformed Church shared fully in this 
quickening. 

About the year 1800 prayer meetings greatly multiplied and became a 
regular feature of individual church life. In 1812 occurs the first reference 
in the Minutes of General Synod to devotional meetings for young people. 
The Sunday School was adopted by the Reformed Church during the same 
decade and grew in numbers and influence very rapidly. In 1813 the devo- 
tion of the Reformed Church began to express itself more often in hymns 
as well as in the Psalms which had been used from of old. 



82 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Before the Revolution efforts had been made to raise funds for the sup- 
port of the widows and orphans of ministers. In 1813 at the suggestion 
of the Particular Synod of New York the matter was revived. A society- 
was actually incorporated for this purpose in 1815 but nothing of import- 
ance resulted until 1837. 

In 1819 the Board of Direction of the Corporation of the Reformed 
Church in America was incorporated to take charge of the funds and 
endowments which were under the care of the General Synod. 

The quickening of the churches already established was the reflex of 
the missionary enthusiasm which had been manifest from the beginning of 
this period. 

One of the first acts of the newly organized and completely independent 
General Synod (1794) was to appoint a committee to seek a union with 
the German branch of the Reformed Church. But no report from 
this committee appears. The work of church extension had already 
been inaugurated, but the impoverished condition of the country greatly 
embarrassed operations. The first voluntary collections now began to be 
taken. Applications for preachers came from Central New York, Canada, 
the Delaware and Susquehanna regions, Virginia and even Kentucky. The 
first church organized through these efforts was at Chenango (near Bing- 
hamton), N. Y., in 1794. 

These operations of the church passed through several systems of ex- 
periment until our present Board of Domestic Missions was organized, in 
1832. In the meantime, however, by the preceding efforts chiefly, about 
one hundred and seventy-five churches had been organized, mostly in the 
outskirts of the old settlements and in Central New York. A number of 
these, however, did not long survive, from lack of ministers to supply 
them and members to sustain them. 

(See Chapter on Domestic Missions). 

The revived interest in foreign missions which was stirring the churches 
in England began to be felt in America in 1795. The next year the Presby- 
terian, Baptist and Reformed churches of New York City organized the 
New York Missionary Society and began both to pray and to give for 
missions. The Reformed churches of northern New York organized a 
missionary society called the Northern Missionary Society which con- 
tinued from 1797 to 1830. 

In 1816 the General Synod united with the Associate Reformed and 
Presbyterian churches in organizing "The United Foreign Missionary 
Society," which in 1826 merged in the American Board. Dr. John Scudder 
was the pioneer missionary of the denomination (1819), going to Ceylon. 
Rev. David Abeel was our pioneer missionary to Farther India and to 
China (1829). In 1832 the Board of Foreign Missions was established in 
union with the American Board. 

(See Chapter on Foreign Missions). 

Those days also saw the organization of many great religious and 
philanthropic institutions, such as the American Bible Society (1816), the 
American Colonization Society (1817), the American Tract Society (1825), 



THE FIRST GENERATION UNDER THE CONSTITUTION 83 

the American Seamen's Friend Society (1826) and others. All of these 
the General Synod officially adopted as its organs of benevolence and in 
their work the members of the Reformed Church took a sacrificial interest. 

Thus while the fathers of the Revolutionary period were finishing their 
tasks and laying their burdens down, and the sons of the new era with 
quickened minds and revived spirits were carrying on their work, the 
Reformed Church progressed toward her enlarged task in the time that 
was at hand. By 1821 the 40 ministers of 1792 had increased to 129, the 
116 churches had become 187. 

But the peace of the Church was about to be disturbed by a schism. 
On the 22d of October, 1822, five ministers of the Church seceded. This 
was done, as they stated in their "Reasons," "on account of Hopkinsian 
errors of doctrine and looseness of discipline." Their names were Rev. 
Solomon Froeligh, Rev. Abram Brokaw, Rev. Henry V. Wyckoflf, Rev. 
Sylvanus Palmer and Rev. John C. Tol. Portions of their congregations 
went with them. All of these, except Mr. Froeligh, were under suspension 
at the time of their secession. 

They called themselves "The True Reformed Dutch Church." In the 
course of the next nine years seven other Dutch ministers and parts of their 
congregations joined this secession. At first a Classis was formed, and in 
1824 they organized a General Synod and formed two Classes — that of 
Hackensack, N. J., and that of Union in central New York. During the 
first six years they gathered 26 churches, some of which soon became 
extinct and others independent. In 1859 their records showed that up to 
that time they had had in all 34 ministers and 26 congregations. Fourteen 
of their ministers had then died, been suspended, or left the body, and 
ten of their churches had become extinct or independent, so that in that 
year (1859) they had 10 ministers and 16 churches. 

They continued a feeble and declining existence until 1890 when the 
remnant of this secession joined the Christian Reformed Church.' 

This secession caused a great deal of annoyance in certain sections of 
the Reformed Church but did not greatly hinder her temporal or spiritual 
growth. The Church continued to advance and to send her influences 
abroad. The Gospel was faithfully preached and the various agencies, 
denominational and otherwise, continued to enjoy increased support. 

In 1841 there were 234 ministers and 253 churches, with about 24,000 
communicants. It was not until 1845 that the number of ministers and 
churches became practically equal — 274 churches and 275 ministers. The 
communicants then numbered 33,000. A time of enlargement by renewed 
immigration was at hand. 



'See Manual Ref. Ch. in Am. 1st ed. 1859, pp. 134-7. Taylor's "Annala 
< i the Classis of Bergen." 



CHAPTER XVI. 
ENLARGEMENT AND PROGRESS. 

Throughout the generations since the EngHsh conquest of New Nether- 
land in 1664 the emigration from Holland to America had been a negligible 
quantity. The Dutch Church in America had therefore had time to be- 
come thoroughly Americanized. But in 1846 began a new stream of emi- 
gration from Holland to the New World. These people were colonists 
rather than emigrants, for organized congregations with their pastors often 
came in a body. They settled chiefly in Michigan, Iowa and Wisconsin, 
whence they have scattered to many other localities. Dutch names in many 
places throughout our western states mark the sites of their settlements. 
These Hollanders were generally members of the "Free Church" of the 
Netherlands, which was a secession from the old State Church. 

In the eighteenth century there was a marked decay of evangelical faith 
in Europe; yet there was a remnant of true believers; but even these were 
in danger of sinking into formalism. The church greatly suffered during 
the Napoleonic wars. William I signalized his return to power (1816) by 
largely destroying the old Presbyterian polity of the church. The church 
government became bureaucratic rather than Presbyterian. A General 
Synod was convened in 1816 (the first since the great Synod of Dort in 
1618-19) and a slight, yet important, change of expression in the Subscrip- 
tion Form for candidates gave occasion for a great controversy. The 
question arose whether the standards of doctrine were authoritative because 
they agreed with the Word of God, or so far as they agreed therewith. 
The Synod of 1835 gave the right to every candidate to decide this ques- 
tion for himself. This gave liberty for all manner of error as well as for 
its propagation. Royal mandates also interfered with the internal affairs 
of the church. The new Regulations of 1816 and the Kerk-Besturcn, or 
Executive Committee, controlled everything. The Seceders subsequently 
declared that they separated not from the church, but from this Committee. 

Many true friends of evangelical truth at first quietly submitted and 
subsequently gradually withdrew from the public ministrations, hoping and 
Graying for the restoration of purer doctrines. Many of these desired to 
maintain the existence of the old historic church and advocated the cause 
of truth by the press. But a crisis was reached in 1834 with the deposi- 
tion of Rev. Henry De Cock, because he would not conform in certain 
matters which were contrary to his conscience. This brought him into 
conflict with the authorities. But De Cock's church stood by him, and 
this was the beginning of the Secession. They stood by the old Reformed 

84 



ENLARGEMENT AND PROGRESS 05 

Confessions and cheerfully accepted of the act of deposition with all its 
practical results. About the same time there were several young men pre- 
paring for the ministry who entered the State Church and who were 
thoroughly evangelical themselves. These were Scholte, Brummelkamp 
and Van Velson ; these men and others were deposed, but Van Raalte was 
refused admission. Sympathy began to be expressed for De Cock, so that 
trials and suspensions, even among laymen, became the order of the day. 
Large numbers now throughout the whole country voluntarily forsook the 
State Church. 

In 1836 they held their tirst Synodical meeting. Van Raalte, who had 
tried various ways to enter the ministry in the State Church, but without 
success, was now ordained by this body. Revivals followed the preaching 
of these Seceders and new churches were established. But they suffered 
severe opposition and persecution. Fines and imprisonments were imposed 
upon them. Soldiers were quartered in their houses and their meetings 
were disturbed. But all efforts to crush the movement only made it thrive 
the more. There was a lack of ministers and these people were generally 
poor and could not build churches. Laymen were, therefore, trained to do 
ministerial service. Services were held in houses, barns, the open air 
and even on vessels. There were also some differencs of opinion on 
doctrine and polity already among these Seceders and these differences 
were subsequently emphasized in America, leading to the secession of 

1857. 

At length emigration was determined on, partly on account of their 
persecutions, although these publicly ceased after the abdication of William 
I; partly in order to enjoy perfect liberty ot conscience and partly to 
relieve their excessive poverty. Rev. A. C. van Raalte and Rev. H. P. 
Scholte were the first to lead colonies to America; the first to Michigan 
and the second to Iowa. Van Raalte's colony soon joined the old Dutch 
Church. Scholte's colony at first maintained an independent position. 

Van Raalte arrived at New York in November, 1846, and soon became 
acquainted with Rev. Dr. Thos. de Witt, of New York, and Rev. Dr. 
Isaac N. Wyckoff, of Albany. A series of articles in the Christian In- 
telligencer excited sympathy and aid in their behalf. 

The emigration from the provinces of Zeeland, Friesland and Overyssel 
was largely by churches with their pastors. Thus Zeeland, Mich., was 
founded by a colony of about four hundred with their pastor. Rev. Cor- 
nelius Vand^rmeulen. The village and church of Vriesland, Mich., was 
also thus founded by a company from Friesland led by their pastor. Rev. 
M. A. Ypma. Graafschap and Drenthe were similarly colonized, but 
without pastors. In 1848 Rev. S. Bolks and congregation founded Overisel, 
Mich. 

The colony at Pella, Iowa, came by the way of New Orleans, under the 
leadership of Scholte and did not at once come in contact with the old 
Dutch Church; but ultimately, through the influence of the Classes of 
Illinois and Holland, the Iowa churches united with the Reformed Church. 
Some Hollanders, as Rev. P. Zonne and company, located at Milwaukee 



86 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

and later at Cedar Grove (or Holland) and connected themselves with the 
Presbyterian Church ; Rev. Baai came to Alto and joined the Presbyterian 
Church; but most of the immigrants sooner or later joined the Reformed 
Church in America. 

In April, 1848, all the pastors and Consistories of these new Dutch 
churches in Michigan, except Drenthe, met in convention in Zeeland for 
consultation. The churches represented were Zeeland, Holland, Vries- 
land and Graafschap, then known as Allegan. They organized themselves 
into a "Reformed Dutch Church," with the usual standards of Doctrine 
and Polity. 

At the fall session of this body (1848) Rev. Cornelius Vandermeulen 
read an invitation extended to them to attend the Synodical meetings of 
the old American Reformed Dutch Church. This was gratifying, but the 
colonies were new and poor and the distance great. In July, 1849, Rev. 
Dr. Isaac N. Wyckofif, who could speak Dutch fluently and who was in 
hearty sympathy with them, visited them as the representative of the Board 
■of Domestic Missions, as well as at the suggestion of the General Synod, 
to inquire into their views, their condition and their needs. He also asked 
them to unite with the Reformed Dutch Church. On this interview was 
based his report in 1850 to the Particular Synod, of Albany. Their formal 
reply, now styling themselves "The Classis of Holland," was also pre- 
sented to the same Synod at the same time. These papers prepared the 
way for the union. 

The Classis of Holland appointed Rev. A. C. van Raalte their commis- 
sioner to the Particular Synod of Albany and he carried the following 
letter : 

"The elders of the Church of Jesus Christ of the Classis of Holland in 
Ottawa County, Mich., desire the brethren who are elders of the Church of 
our Lord under the name of the "Dutch Reformed Church," gathered in the 
State of New York, to consider the welfare of this part of Christ's flock. 

"Grace and peace from God the Father in the Lord Jesus Christ, through 
the Holy Ghost : 

"Considering the precious and blessed unity of the Church of God and 
the plainly expressed will of our Saviour that all should be one, and also the 
need which the separate parts have of one another, and especially remem- 
bering how small and weak we ourselves are, therefore, our hearts have 
longed for intercourse with the precious Zion of God ever since our feet 
first pressed the shores of this New World. Our hearts were also strength- 
ened and we were encouraged in meeting with some of God's people. 
Indeed, all God's children, of whatever denomination, are dear to us; but 
in the management and care of our own religious affairs we feel more at 
home where we find our own standards of faith and principles of church 
government. It was, therefore, very gratifying to us to find, on your side, 
no narrow exclusiveness, but open, hearty, brotherly love. This has 
awakened in us a very positive desire to exhibit our own feeling of fellow- 
ship and to ask the hand of fellowship from you. 



ENLARGEMENT AND PROGRESS 8/ 

"We have, therefore, resolved to send one of our brethren, Rev. A. C. 
van Raalte, a minister of the Church of God, as a delegate to your Church 
Judicatory, which is soon to meet in Albany or vicinity. We authorize 
him in our name to give and to ask all necessary information which can 
facilitate the desired union. 

"For him and your gathering we pray from our glorified Head and 
Mediator, who sitteth on the throne of God, possessed of gifts purchased 
with his blood, that Spirit in a rich measure which he left behind as the 
Comforter to communicate out of the fullness of the Everliving One to 
enable us to glorify the Triune God. 

"In the name of the Classis of Holland, convened in the year of our 
Lord, 1850, in April. S. Bolks, President." 

Such was the official request of the Classis of Holland to the Particular 
Synod of Albany to be received into the communion of the Reformed Dutch 
Church in America. 

There was some discussion as to the proper mode of procedure, whether 
they should be received as a Classis or as individual churches. The mat- 
ter was referred to General Synod. That body appointed a special Com- 
mittee to report on this subject. They reported that the Classis of Hol- 
land comprised nine organized churches averaging one hundred members 
each and enjoyed the services of six ministers. Reference was then made 
to the circumstances in the Netherlands which led to their emigration ; to 
their industrious habits and Christian character ; to their descent from the 
same church as ourselves ; to the cordial reception everywhere accorded 
them; and to the duty of welcoming them as strangers to ecclesiastical 
fellowship and assistance. The following resolutions were then adopted: 

"Resolved, That the Classis of Holland be received under the care of 
the General Synod and be joined to the Particular Synod of Albany. 

"Resolved, That the religious condition and necessities of the Holland 
Emigrants, wherever they are dispersed throughout our country, be com- 
mended to the particular attention of the Board of Domestic Missions." 
Mints. Gen. Syn., 1850, p. 69. 

These are the only official documents in existence in regard to the union 
of the Classis of Holland with the Reformed Dutch Church in America. 

At that time the Classis of Holland represented all the new immigrant 
churches except one in Pella, la., and a few in Wisconsin. From time 
to time more Dutch colonists arrived and the Classis of Holland naturally 
took charge of their religious interests. It looked after the new settle- 
ments at Kalamazoo, Grand Haven, Grand Rapids and at several places in 
Wisconsin and Illinois. Indeed the minutes of the Classis reveal a careful 
interest in the religious development of the Dutch settlers from Pella to 
Buffalo. Plans for educational needs were also proposed and these resulted 
in the founding of Hope College. 

But as these emigrants came from different provinces in the Nether- 
lands different views and tendencies began to show themselves. A spirit 
of independence also existed in these new communities. This was shown 



88 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

by the case of the Rev. K. S. Vander Schuur, who was called by a self- 
organized church, seceded from Graafschap, and by the case of the Rev. 
R. Smit and the church of Drenthe. Mr. G. Haan became very active in 
opposition to the Reformed Church, and a pamphlet was issued in defence 
of the secession of Froeligh and his companions in 1822. Fault was found 
with the use of hymns, in addition to the Psalms, in the services of the 
Dutch Church, with the publication of Sunday School literature jointly with 
other denominations and with the admission of the members of other 
denominations to the Lord's Supper. The fundamental reason however 
was the internal discussion and suspicion in the minds af some who had 
brought their Holland prejudices and differences with them to their new 
homes. 

In the fall of 1856 therefore, a secession movement was begun by Mr. 
Haan. The next spring the churches of Graafschap, Noordeloos and 
Polkton seceded together with the Revs. K. Vander Bosch and H. G. 
Klein. The latter however soon returned. They called themselves The 
True Dutch Reformed Church, but later changed the name to The Chris- 
tian Reformed Church. This was the name of the secession Church in 
Holland. 

Until 1870 the growth of this secession movement was slow. After that 
date the Dutch colonists who could not keep pace with the rapid American- 
ization of the Reformed Churches naturally drifted into the Christian Re- 
formed Church and thus strengthened that body. It was also increased by 
accessions from the Reformed Church because of the agitation which 
arose in regard to secret oath-bound societies. Such societies were never 
in favor with the Dutch and memorials against Masonry were presented 
to the General Synod in 1868 and 1869. To this the Synod replied that the 
path of prudence and safety lay outside of all secret oath-bound societies, 
but that the Synod could not interfere with Consistorial prerogatives of 
discipline. This quieted the discussion for several years. 

In 1880 the agitation was revived by a series of lectures against Masonry, 
delivered in Holland. Mich., by an ex-Mason. This led several classes 
in the years 1880 and 1883 to send memorials to the Synod on the subject. 
Again the Synod refused to take definite action on abstract questions, 
and displeased with their attitude, a large part of the Fourth Church of 
Grand Rapids, of the First Church of Holland, of the churches of Drenthe, 
Fynaa'rt and Graafschap seceded. The churches of Zeeland, Vriesland and 
Beaver Dam also sufifered considerably. About three hundred families 
and a thousand members were lost to the Reformed Church by this seces- 
sion. 

The question of Free-Masonry had not been involved in the secession 
of 1857 which had led to the organization of the Christian Reformed 
Church. But these later seceders found that body congenial to their 
opinions and joined it. A little later the remnants of the old secession of 
1822 were also added. 

The Christian Reformed Church now has nearly 250 churches, and a 
membership of a little more than 40,000. The Church is identical in doc- 



ENLARGEMENT AND PROGRESS SQ 

trine and polity with the Reformed Church in America. For the sake of 
the advancement of Christ's Kingdom the disagreements of an earHer 
generation should be forgotten, and the two denominations should become 
one. 

But in spite of this unfortunate schism the vast majority of the western 
contingent remained faithful to the Reformed Church. The progress of 
these new American churches within the last seventy years has been very 
great. The Classes of Illinois and Michigan were organized in 1841. The 
Classis of Holland, organized in 1848, was admitted to the Reformed 
Church in 1851. Then came Wisconsin, 1855, Grand River, 1870, Iowa, 
1885, Dakota, 1888, Pleasant Prairie (German), 1892, Pella, 1904, Cascades, 
1912, Germania, 1915, Chicago, 1917. The Classis of Iowa was divided into 
the Classes of East and West Sioux in 1918. 

In 1856 the Particular Synod of Chicago was organized. In 1919 the 
western portion of this Synod was set apart as the Particular Synod of 
Iowa. These two Synods have in 1921, 256 churches and a communicant 
membership of 19,600. Their Americanization has advanced rapidly and 
with little friction. The English language is generally used among them. 

These churches may be said to constitute the immigrant churches in the 
west. But it must be remembered that many Dutch immigrants of the nine- 
teenth century settled in the east and that a number of strong churches 
belonging to the old Eastern Classes are of recent Dutch origin. These 
churches report a membership of nearly six thousand. The total mem- 
bership of the Reformed Church in America which has resulted from the 
immigration since 1847 would amount to nearly fifty thousand persons.' 

Since the engrafting of this new Dutch branch upon the old American 
stock, the Reformed Church in America has been composed of two ele- 
ments, each beneficial to the life of the other, and each designed by Provi- 
dence to contribute certain important qualities to the Church which is to be. 
In general it may be said that the older element contributed the spirit 
of democracy and breadth of vision to the united Church, and the newer 
element has contributed respect for authority and intensity of devotion. 
Both have vied with each other in consecration to the Master whom all 
Christians acknowledge as their Lord. 

The Reformed Church has also been enriched by accessions from other 
denominations. She has always held wide the door for the entrance of 
clergymen and laymen who accept her essential doctrines. From the be- 
ginning there have been constant accessions to her ministry and member- 
ship from various sources beyond her own bounds. Many men who have 
served her with distinguished ability were not originally of the Reformed 
Church, and many of her sons have passed to other churches. It is not 
uncommon to see Christians of a dozen diflferent denominations seated 
around the Lord's Table in the "upper chamber" of the Reformed Church. 
This condition of fellowship and unity was never more marked than today. 

The Reformed Church has always been characterized by her patriotism. 



'Thanks are due to the Rev. Gerhard DeJonge, D. D.. of Zeeland, Mich- 
igan, for his aid in the preparation of this account of the Dutch-Ameri- 
can churches of the west. 



90 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

In the early days of the Republic this was conspicuous. In the dark hour 
of the Civil War her Synods took strong grounds in support of the Union, 
and many of her sons, clerical and lay, served their country upon the field 
of battle. 

The last great war revealed the same spirit of loyalty. At home the 
Church poured out her prayers, her service and her treasure to "make 
the world safe for democracy." Abroad her sons offered their lives even 
unto death. Many pastors were released for a time that they might serve 
their country, and even those individual churches whose affiliations were 
Germanic hastened to give evidence of their patriotism. 

Times of political crisis are often times of enlarged vision and the 
■birthday of more earnest endeavor. So the Reformed Church has proved 
it. Spectacular evangelistic activities are not in accord with the genius 
of the Reformed Church. Yet the periods which have demanded increased 
consecration and enlarged vision have found her filled with a deep, quiet 
spirit of revival. So it was in the early days of the nation. So she was 
divinely strengthened in the late fifties of the 19th century in preparation 
of the crisis of the Civil War. Thus she was refreshed with a gracious 
shower of spiritual bles«ing in the days that followed that dark time. It 
was just at that period that the name of the denomination was simplified 
by the elimination of the oft misunderstood term "Dutch" from her title. 
There were extensive revivals of religion, and a rapid growth in missionary 
intelligence and enthusiasm. Many individual churches began more earn- 
estly the training of their youth in all holy living and in every form of 
Christian Endeavor. The Christian work of the women of the Church 
met with fuller appreciation and attained to complete organization. 

At the beginning of the twentieth century there were again signs of 
refreshing and the leaders of the Church paused to take account of con- 
ditions and to enlarge their plans for the future. Missionary offerings and 
activities were also increased. 

From the midst of her service upon the table lands of quiet Christian 
living the World War brought the whole Church to the mountain top. 
On that lofty peak, so trying to the spirit of selfish ease, so inspiring to 
the sacrifical spirit of the Master, in company with her fellow disciples 
of other names she has obtained a new vision of her glorified Lord, has 
learned afresh something of what obedience to him means, and has ad- 
dressed herself to her Progress Campaign. 

In the year 1921 the Reformed Church in America has y^ii churches and 
771 ministers. Her membership is 135,634. She has given for denomina- 
tional objects, $1,022,246; for other objects, $270,279, and for congregational 
expenses, $2,737,438. 



CHAPTER XVII. 
THE METHODS OF THE CHURCH'S ACTIVITY. 

In this chapter something of the methods of the Church's activity will be 
presented, the departments of her work enumerated and some of them 
treated in brief. 

Those departments which require fuller development will be discussed 
each by a specialist, in the following chapters of the History of the Re- 
formed Church in America. 

I. HISTORY OF THE CONSTITUTION. 

The constitution of the Church consists of its standards of doctrine, its 
rules of church order or government and its liturgy. 

1. The standards of doctrine have remained unaltered and consist of the 
Belgic Confession, the Heidelberg Catechism with the Compendium of the 
same, and the Canons of the Synod of Dort. 

2. The Articles of Church Government, as adopted at Dort in 1619, with 
the Explanatory Articles adopted in 1792, continued unchanged, except a 
few minor amendments, until 1832, when these two sets of articles were 
thoroughly fused into one new expression of church government. There 
was no change in the general spirit of the instrument, but it was simplified 
by its being unified, and such modifications were made as the experience of 
forty years suggested. The system of Classical visitors, a remnant of the 
old superintendency, was abolished, and the series of constitutional ques- 
tions to be asked of ministers and elders once a year was formulated 
in its place. The limit of time for explaining the system of doctrine con- 
tained in the Heidelberg Catechism was extended from one year to 
four. The privilege of granting dispensations from the usual course of 
studies required of those preparing for the ministry was abolished. The 
church was also then just entering on its more systematized aggressive 
work through more fully organized boards. 

In 1872, forty years having again elapsed, a third revision was under- 
taken, which was finally adopted in 1874. The principal changes were an 
elaboration of the articles relating to discipline; the right of a Classis, 
by a two-thirds vote, to dissolve the pastoral relation, one of the parties 
being unwilling; and the excision of the requirement of the attendance 
of Deputati Synodi at examinations. The privilege of granting dispensa- 
tions from the regular course of study was restored. 

Because of many requests for a revision of the Constitution the General 
Synod of 1910 appointed a committee for this purpose. Their labors with 

91 



92 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

the necessary references to the classes occupied six years. At the General 
Synod of 1916 the revised Constitution was declared adopted. This 
revision makes no change in fundamental principles. But it is a great 
improvement upon former constitutions in the clearness of its language, its 
logical sequence and especially in placing at its head an article "Of Stand- 
ards and Offices." Under the revised constitution of 1916 a minister is 
ipso facto a member of the church of which he is pastor, or, if without 
charge, he may become a member of any church which he chooses. 

3. The original liturgy, adopted by the Synod of Dort (1619) was ac- 
cepted by the Church in America (1738, 1771) and recognized in the Con- 
stitution of 1792. It was first translated into English for the use of Scotch 
and English churches in Holland. In 1767 an amended edition of this 
translation was published by the Consistory of the Dutch Church of New 
York City. 

This liturgy consisted of sacramental forms, forms for the ordination 
of ministers, of elders and deacons, with certain forms of discipline, mar- 
riage, consolation of the sick and various forms of prayer. The Nicene 
Creed and the Creed of Athanasius were appended, not to the standards 
of doctrine, but to th^ liturgy. The sacramental forms were required 
but the other forms were optional. Of these several fell into disuse in 
the course of time and several new forms were added. Such were the 
forms for the ordination of missionaries, for the dedication of a church 
and for the reception into full communion of those who had been baptized 
in infancy. 

During the nineteenth century several attempts were made to revise the 
liturgy. Of these only that undertaken in 1868 received the sanction of the 
Church. This revision was published in 1882 with appended Psalms for 
responsive reading. It provided in the Order of Worship for the re- 
storation of some things which had fallen into disuse, as the repetition of 
the Apostles' Creed, and for the addition of responses to the Decalogue 
and of lessons from both the Old and New Testaments. 

In response to repeated requests and attempts for a revision the Gen- 
eral Synod in 1904, appointed a committee to revise the liturgy. Their 
work was approved by the Synod of 1905 and declared adopted in 1906. 
No doctrinal changes were made but abridgements of certain of the longer 
Forms were prepared, and printed together with the ancient longer Forms, 
so that either might be used at the discretion of the minister. Certain 
prayers for optional use were also added. 

In 1767 an English Psalm book was published by the Consistory of the 
Dutch Church of New York City. Thereafter constant improvements in 
the hymnology of the Church were made. In 1813 a revised edition of the 
Psalms was published without music, and with the addition of 172 hymns. 
Other books of hymns were added from time to time, and these have been 
several times combined and reclassified. Thus it has come to pass that the 
hymns approved by the General Synod include almost all important evan- 
gelical hymns sung by Christians of every name. 

The latest addition to the hymnology of the Church is the supurb 



THE METHODS OF THE CHURCH S ACTIVITY 



93 



Hymnal of the Reformed Church, published in 1920 by a joint committee 
of the Reformed Church in the United States and the Reformed Church 
in America. 

II. ECCLESIASTICAL BODIES. 

1. Churches. — The churches now (1921) number seven hundred and 
thirty-three. For details and bibliography, see other parts of this work. 

2. Classes. — Immediately after permission was granted to hold a Coetus 
that body divided the church into Circles. These were three in number, 
viz.. New York, 1747; Jersey, 1747; Albany, 1747. The Circle of Orange 
was formed in 1750. In 1755 an independent American Classis was formed, 
while an opposition Conference of a few ministers, without elders, was also 
held. In 1764 these ministers with their elders, organized a body styled 
"An Assembly Subordinate to the Classis of Amsterdam." In 1771, by the 
healing of the division, provisional organizations were formed by the 
Articles of Union, under which five Particular Bodies, or Classes, were 
formed; namely, Albany, Hackensack, Kingston, New Brunswick and New 
York. In all fifty-one Classes have been organized. These have been 
modified by consolidation and rearrangement, so that at present there are 
forty, as may be seen by the following table, the extinct names being 
italicized : 



New York, N. Y 

Albany, N. Y 

New Brunswick, N. J.... 

Kingston, N. V 1772 

Hackensack, N. J " 

Bergen, N. J 

Montgomery, N. Y 

Paramus 

Poughkeepsie 

Rensselaer 

Ulster 

Long Island 1813 

Philadelphia 

Washington 1818 

Cayuga 1826 

Schenectady 

Schoharie 

South Classis of Nezv York, 

1828 

Orange 

Greene 

Passaic 

Illinois 

Alichigan 

North Classis of Long Island. 
South Classis of Long Island. 



1772 



-1800 

1800 
1800 



1843 
1814 

1857 
1889 
1826 



1876 
1832 
1834 
1839 
1 841 

1843 



Hudson 1845 

Watervliet 1845- 1857 

Holland 1851 

Geneva 1852-1887 

Westchester 1852 

Arcot (India) 1854-1902 

Monmouth 1854 

Wisconsin 1855 

Kingston 1856 

Saratoga 1857 

Raritan 1859 

Grand River 1870 

Newark 1872 

South Classis of Bergen 1873 

loiva 1885-1918 

Rochester 1887 

Dakota 1888 

Pleasant Prairie 1892 

Pella 1904 

Oklahoma 1906-1911 

Cascades 1912 

Palisades 1914 

Germania 1915 

Chicago 1917 

East Sioux 1918 

West Sioux 1918 



94 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

3. Synods. — When the two parties came together in 1771 they called 
themselves "A Reverend Meeting of Ministers and Elders," and only dared 
to talk of a General and certain Particular ecclesiastical Bodies. But im- 
mediately after the Revolution they gathered boldness and resolved tO' 
apply the names of Synod and Classes to these respective bodies. This, 
original Synod was a mere transitional body (1771-92) between the period 
of infantile dependence on a foreign church and that of complete independ- 
ence. It called a convention in 1792, and a General Synod/ conventional 
in character and entirely independent of the Church in Holland,^ was 
organized in 1794, upon an Americanized constitution. The old provisional. 
Synod, which had formerly been conventional, was henceforth to consist 
of two ministers and two elders from each Classis, and this now took the 
character of a Particular Synod. It continued to examine students equally 
with the Classes, upon whom the power was also now bestowed, although 
the Classes could not do this without deputies from the Synod being 
present. In 1800 this Particular Synod was dissolved, and the two Particu- 
lar Synods of New York and Albany constituted. After 1800 the Particu- 
lar Synods ceased to examine, although their right to do so continued 
until 1832. They met yearly, while the General Synod met triennially 
until 1812. In 1800 it waS resolved that a delegation of eight ministers and 
eight elders from each Particular Synod shall constitute the General 
Synod, but not more than two ministers and two elders were to be taken 
from the same Classis. In 1809 a new organization was deemed expedient. 
A delegation of three ministers and three elders from each Classis, to be 
nominated by the Classis, subject to the confirmation of the Particular 
Synod, was agreed to. In 1812, also, it was determined to hold annual 
sessions. In the revised constitution of 1874 all Classes having more than 
fifteen churches were allowed one additional minister and elder for each 
additional five churches. 

By the constitution of 1916 each Classis having three thousand or less 
communicant members is allowed a representation in the General Synod 
of two ministers and two elders. An additional representation of one 
minister and one elder is allowed for each additional three thousand com- 
municant members or fraction thereof. 

In 1856 the Particular Synod of Chicago was constituted, and in 1869 
the Particular Synod of New Brunswick. In 1919 the Particular Synod of 
Iowa was organized. 

The following is a list of these more general bodies: 



>The General Synod was incorporated in 1819, and administers much of 
the business of the church through a Board of Corporation. More 
recently the several benevolent boards have also been incorporated. 

'The church in Holland, according to the Minutes of the Classis of 
Amsterdam, never seemed to fully realize the absolute independence of 
the American church. The lemma, or article of business, "New York 
and New Jersey," was kept on its minutes down to 1810. For several 
years there was entered in a sort of lamenting tone, "Geen Bericht van 
Nieuw York en Jersey" — "no news from New York and New Jersey." 
After 1810, on account of the revolution in state and church by the 
Napoleonic wars, this lemma was dropped. 



THE METHODS OF THE CHURCH's ACTIVITY 95 

1. The Coetus (1747-54). In 1754 the Coetus became a Classis for the 
whole church (1754-71). 

2. The Reverend Meeting of Ministers and Elders, or the provisional 
Synod (1771-92). In 1793 this body became a Particular Synod for the 
whole church (1793-1800). 

3. The General Synod (1794). 

4. The Particular Synod of New York (1800). 

5. " " " Albany (1800). 

6. " " " Chicago (1856). 

7. " " " New Brunswick (1869). 

8. " " " Iowa (1919). 

The first volume of the Minutes of the General Synod was edited and 
published in 1859, without a very accurate understanding of the relation 
of the early ecclesiastical bodies to one another. The arrangement in the 
volume should have been as follows : 

1. The Minutes of the Coetus, 1737, 1747-1754. (The Minute Book of 
this body was carried oflf in 1754 by the opposite party. The remaining 
Minutes of the Coetus, 1755-1771, were probably kept in another book, but 
this has not been found. They sent copies of these Minutes to Holland 
and most of these were recovered by E. T. Corwin in 1897-8). 

2. The letters of a few ministers, without elders. (These styled them- 
selves a Conference — Conferentie — 1755-1764. They attempted to organ- 
ize, with elders, and held a few meetings, 1764-1767. Some of the letters 
and the Minutes of this Conference (1755-1767) were recorded in the 
Minute Book of the Coetus. Many additional letters of this body were 
recovered by E. T. Corwin in Amsterdam in 1897-8). 

3. The Minutes of the General Body, 1771-1793. (After 1784 this body 
was styled a Synod, a Particular Synod, and sometimes even a General 
Synod, the proper name not being yet definitized. After 1793 this body 
became definitely the one, so-called. Particular Synod of the whole Church 
during a transitional period, 1794-1799. In 1800 it was divided into the 
Particular Synods of New York and Albany. The Minutes of the last 
session of this old Particular Synod, October, 1799, were not recorded in 
the Minute Book, and hence the editor in 1859 failed to print them. They 
have since that time been found. They are in journalistic form and not 
classified in lemmata). 

4. The Minutes of the General Synod, proper, 1794-1812. (These should 
have been extended to 1816, as volume ii begins with 1817). The Minutes 
of 1797 were for a long time lost, but Extracts had been published in 1797. 
Only these Extracts are printed in this volume i. But the original Minutes 
of 1797 have since been found and are now in the Archives, but only in 
journalistic form. 

So far as known there are about fifty complete sets of the Minutes of 
General Synod in existence. 



96 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

III. EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS. 

I. Colleges and Seminaries. 

Queen's College, at New Brunswick, N. J., first charter of which had been 
obtained in 1766 and a second charter in 1770, passed through many 
vicissitudes in its earlier years before it reached its present strength and 
independence. Its name was changed to Rutgers in 1825. Many of its 
graduates haye entered the ministry of the Reformed Church and not a few 
the ministry of other bodies. (Rutgers College). 

Union College was also founded chiefly by the efforts of the Dutch 
Church in the North in 1795. It is located at Schenectady, N. Y. Many 
of its graduates have entered the ministry of the Reformed Church. 
(Union College). 

Hope College at Holland, Mich., was organized in 1863 and incorporated 
in 1866. The large emigration from Holland at about that period seemed 
to demand an institution especially for them. An unusually large pro- 
portion of the graduates of this institution have entered the ministry. 
(Hope College). 

Central College of Iowa at Pella, Iowa. This was originally a Baptist 
institution, the corporate name of which was Central University of Iowa. 
It was organized in 1853 and opened in 1854. It began a full course of 
work in 1861. In 1916 the trustees offered to transfer it "to the Reformed 
Church in America or to its agents or trustees," without monetary con- 
sideration upon condition that an accredited Christian college be built up 
and maintained under the laws of the state of Io\\%. This offer was 
accepted. (Central College). 

The Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, N. J. This institution is 
probably the oldest of its kind in the country. Dr. Livingston was ap- 
pointed professor in 1784, and in 1810 the institution was located at New 
Brunswick, N. J. (Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, N. J.) 

Western Theological Seminary at Holland, Michigan. Elementary the- 
ological instruction was given at Hope College from its foundation until 
1877, when it was temporarily suspended. In 1884 the Western Seminary 
was revived, and has since developed into a strong institution. (Western 
Theological Seminary). 

2. .Schools and Academies. 

The first school planted in the middle colonies was the primary school 
of the Dutch Church of New Amsterdam. It was in existence in 1637 
and had probably been founded a few years before that date. It is still 
rendering service and is situated at 241-243 West 77th Street, New York 
City. To a limited extent other colonial churches made provision for the 
education of their children. 

The Dutch Church of New Amsterdam also founded a "Latin School" 
in 1660, and before the Revolutionary War at least six other such academies 
were serving a local constituency. Of these the most important was the 
school at New Brunswick, founded before 1770, which became the Pre- 
paratory School of Rutgers College and which still exists. (Rutgers 
College). 



THE METHODS OF THE CHURCH'S ACTIVITY 9/ 

After Independence the organization of the public school system ren- 
dered church schools less important, but efforts to establish parochial 
schools were several times attempted, especially in the years 1809 and 
1851. Throughout the East however the results were negligible. 

Among the new Dutch settlements in the West, and later, in mission 
fields where the Reformed Church sought to minister to an alien popula- 
tion, the parochial school has found a reason for existence. The Domestic 
Mission Board, the Women's Board of Domestic Missions and the Board 
of Education have therefore frequently aided with advice or money 
parochial schools designed to give to children and young people a Chris- 
tian education, and to direct the attention of promising boys to the ministry 
as the goal of their endeavors. This work has been chiefly carried on 
among the Dutch immigrants in the West, among the Indians, among the 
mountaineers of Kentucky and among the negroes of the South. 

From the number of schools of lower grade certain institutions have 
risen to a permanence and prominence that requires special mention. 

The Preparatory Department of Hope College. This "Pioneer School" 
was opened by Mr. W. T. Taylor in 1851 and came under the care of Gen- 
eral Synod two years later. When Hope College was founded in 1866 this 
school became its Preparatory Department and has since continued to 
serve in that capacity. (See Hope College). 

The Northwestern Classical Academy, 1882, located at Orange City, 
Iowa. 

The Pleasant Prairie Academy at German Valley, 111., 1894. 

The Wisconsin Memorial Acatlemy, first known as Cedar Grove, located 
at Cedar Grove, Wis., 1900. (For these academies see chapter on Acad- 
emies). 

The Cordell Academy, Cordell, Oklahoma, 1906. In 1914 this Academy 
passed to the care of the citizens of Cordell. 

The AIcKee Academy, McKee, Kentucky, 1905. In 1921 this Academy 
was sold to the Jackson County School Board. 

The Annvillc Institute, Annville, Kentucky, 1910. 

The Gray Hawk Community School, Gray Hawk, Kentucky, 191 5. 

The Preparatory Department of Central College, taken in charge, 1916. 

The Southern Normal and Industrial Institute at Brewton, Alabama. 
This school for the training of colored children was adopted by the Re- 
formed Church in 1919. 

Other schools of lower grade have been maintained at different stations 
as circumstances required. 

For the extensive educational work of the Reformed Church on the 
Foreign Mission Field, see chapter on Foreign Missions. 

IV. THE BENEVOLENT WORK OF THE CHURCH. 

Since Christianity is essentially altruistic benevolent work has always 
been characteristic of the Church of Christ. The Reformed Church has 
not been behind its fellows in this respect. From early colonial days 
systematic provision was made for the local poor, and churches made 



98 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

occasional collections for cases of special distress. In 1655 the Dutch 
Church of New Amsterdam aided in the care of certain destitute Jews who 
had arrived in the city. At a later day this church collected funds for the 
ransom of persons held captive by pirates. Pre-Revolutionary missionary 
activity among Indians, negroes and destitute whites was generally sup- 
ported by organizations beyond the sea or carried on by pastors as a part 
of their regular work. Occasional gifts toward such work were doubtless 
made by individuals. The era of organized, systematic benevolent en- 
deavor began after the Revolution. 

The following is a chronological list of the Agencies, Boards, Funds and 
Societies, through which the Reformed Church or its members have ex- 
tensively operated. Some of these societies were formed by members of 
the Church without ecclesiastical action and were subsequently adopted 
by the General Synod. Some were also of a union character supported 
by the members of several denominations. 

1. General Synod at first sent out ministers on horseback on preaching 
tours through New York and Canada, and occasionally to more distant 
fields, as Virginia and Kentucky, 1786-1806. See Chapter on Domestic 
Missions. 

2. New York Missionary Society, consisting of individuals of the Re- 
formed Dutch, Presbyterian and Baptist Churches, for labor chiefly among 
the Indians, 1796-1816. See Chapter on Domestic Missions. 

3. Northern Missionary Society, being a branch of No. 2, 1797-1830. See 
Chapter on Domestic Missions. 

4. Classis of Albany was formally made General Synod's Standing 
Committee on Alissions, 1800-1806. See Chapter on Domestic Missions. 

5. General Synod appointed a new Standing Committee on Missions, 
consisting of four ministers and four elders ; located at Albany, 1806- 
1819. This operated chiefly in New York State and Canada. This Com- 
mittee was located in New York City, 1819-1822, with operations in New 
York State, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. See Chapter on Domestic 
Missions. 

6. The American Board of Commissioners of Foreign Missions, 1810. 
The Reformed Dutch Church operated through this Board, 1826-1857. 
See Chapter on Foreign Missions. 

7. The United Foreign Missionary Society, composed of Presbyterian 
and' Dutch Reformed Churches, 1816-1826. See Chapter on Foreign Mis- 
sions. 

8. The American Bible Society, 1816. 

9. The American Colonization Society, 1817. 

ID. The Board of Direction of the Corporation of the Reformed Church 
in America, 1819. This Board has control of the Widows' Fund, the Dis- 
abled Ministers' Fund, and as the agent of the General Synod it has charge 
of the professorial endowments, certain scholarships and other funds. In- 
corporated 1819. 

II. The Missionary Society of the Reformed Dutch Church, 1822-1832. 
See Chapter on Domestic Missions. 



THE METHODS OF THE CHURCH's ACTIVITY 99 

12. The American Sunday School Union, 1824. 

13. The American Tract Society, 1825. 

14. The American Seamen's Friends' Society, 1826. 

15. The Sunday School Union of the Reformed Dutch Church, 1828- 
1839, independent, adopted by the General Synod, 1839. See No. 22. 

16. Board of Education of Reformed Dutch Church, 1828-1832, inde- 
pendent. Adopted by the General Synod, 1832. Incorporated, 1862. See 
Chapter on Board of Education. 

17. The City Missionary Society, 1829. 

18. The Northern Board of the Missionary Society of Reformed Dutch 
Church, 1829-1832. It was also called The Board of Agency. See Chapter 
on Domestic Missions. 

19. The Board of Missions of the Reformed Dutch Church. After 1844 
called the Board of Domestic Missions. Incorporated, 1867. See No. 25. 
See Chapter on Domestic Missions. 

20. The Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Dutch Church. 
In co-operation with the American Board, 1832-1857. See No. 6 and No. 
2"]. See Chapter on Foreign Missions. 

21. The Widows' Fund, 1838. In charge of the Board of Direction of the 
Corporation. See No. 10. This is an insurance for the benefit of dis- 
abled ministers, their wives, widows and infant children. The premiums 
may be paid by a minister or by a church in his behalf. In 1921 the fund 
amounts to $129,715.79. There were in that year 65 widows and 24 min- 
isters who received aid from this fund, the amount received generally 
being $200. 

22. The Board of Sabbath School Union of the Reformed Dutch Church, 
1839-1863, when it was abolished. See No. 15. 

22,. The American and Foreign Christian Union, 1849. 

24. The Board of Publication of the Reformed Dutch Church, 1854. 
Incorporated in 1855. This Board was engaged in preparing and furnish- 
ing the Denomination with suitable literature for its Sunday School work 
and to furnish other similar supplies. In 1914 the Work of this Board 
was enlarged to include beside its former duties, the oversight of the Sab- 
bath Schools and Young People's Societies of the Church, and was directed 
to seek to secure more efficient methods of religious instruction for the 
young people. A permanent secretary of this Board was appointed and 
its name was changed to the Board of Publication and Bible School Work. 

25. The Church Building Fund, 1854. See No. 19. This Fund is under 
the care of the Board of Domestic Missions. Its duty is to aid in the 
building enterprises of needy churches. This Fund was sometimes called 
The Church Extension Fund. See Chapter on Domestic Missions. 

26. The Sustentation Fund, 1855. After 1863 this Fund was called the 
Disabled Ministers' Fund. It is in charge of the Board of Direction. See 
No. 10. This Fund is not an insurance, like the Widows' Fund, but is a 
charity for the benefit of disabled ministers, their widows and children, 
when they are in need. The aid must be recommended each year by the 
Classis to which the disabled minister belongs. In 1921 this Fund amounts 



100 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

to $257,906.14. In 1917 plans were adopted for securing an adequate Pen- 
sion Fund for the aged ministers of the Reformed Church and their 
widows. These plans are now in process of accomplishment. 

27. Board of Foreign Missions of Reformed Dutch Church, 1857. In- 
corporated i860. See No. 20. See Chapter on Foreign Missions. 

28. Woman's Union Missionary Society, i860. Incorporated. 

29. Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of Reformed Church in Amer- 
ica, 1875. Incorporated 1892. See Chapter on Foreign Missions. 

30. Woman's Executive Committee (of Domestic Missions of Reformed 
Church in America), 1882. See Chapter on Domestic Missions. 

31. American Sabbath Union, 1888. 

2)2. The Arabian Mission. Founded as an independent mission, 1889. 
Incorporated 1894. Adopted by the Reformed Church 1894. See Chapter 
on Foreign Missions. 

Z2,- Many other religious and philanthropic organizations have from time 
to time received the approval of the Synod and have been commended to 
the churches for their support. 

V. THE CHURCH AND PUBLIC MORALS. 

The Reformed Church in America has always been active in its co- 
operation with those who are endeavoring to safeguard the morals of the 
community. 

In 1780 the Synod sent a "memorial" to Governor Clinton of New 
York "as representing the present authorities of this land with a request 
to the same to employ their influence to suppress all scandalous and heaven- 
provoking improprieties." 

For a number of years (1783-1791) the Synod and Classes maintained a 
"Lemna" in their Rules of Order which directed attention to problems 
of public order. 

Early in the nineteenth century the cause of temperance became prom- 
inent. In 1827-28, resolutions were adopted by General Synod approving 
total abstinence. Frequently thereafter the cause of temperance is men- 
tioned and in due time references to "Prohibition" appear in the minutes. 
In 1918 the General Synod urged the adoption of the Eighteenth Amend- 
ment to the Constitution of the United States, and in 1919 expressed joy 
at the result, and appointed the third Sabbath in June as a day of prayer 
and pastoral instruction for the better observance of the Lord's Day and 
for the enforcement of the prohibition amendment. 

The question of Sabbath observance, however it may appear a problem 
of today, is an old problem. In 1781 the Synod advised against marriages 
on Sunday "because of the festivities connected therewith." 

In 181 5 a protest was made against unnecessary travel on the Lord's 
Day, and in 1853 the Synod directed the Board of Direction to sell some 
stock of the New York and New Haven Railroad so that they should not 
be partners in that Company's sin of Sabbath breaking. 

In 1876 the Synod joined in successful efiforts for the closing of the Cen- 
tennial Exposition on the Sabbath. 



THE METHODS OF THE CHURCH S ACTIVITY lOI 

In 1891 the Synod appointed a Standing Committee on Sabbath Ob- 
servance. This Committee protested against the disregard of the Sab- 
bath by the Columbian Exposition of 1893. 

This attitude toward obedience to the Fourth Commandment has been 
steadfastly maintained to the present time. 

The topic of Marriage and Divorce has frequently engaged the at- 
tention of General Synod. The Synod of 1899 appointed a committee to 
act with other religious bodies in an endeavor to secure better state laws 
on such matters. It enjoined the ministers not to remarry divorced per- 
sons except the innocent party in a divorce obtained on the ground of 
adultery. In 1905 the Synod appointed a Permanent Committee to rep- 
resent the Reformed Church in the 'Tnter-Church Conference on Marriage 
and Divorce." 

Other reform movements have received the attention of the Church 
as the need has appeared. The latest of them being the effort to purify 
the Motion Picture Industry. 

In 1918 the General Synod merged its Standing Committee on Tem- 
perance and its Standing Committee on Sabbath Observance into one 
Permanent Committee on Public Morals. This Committee has already 
proved its usefulness. 

VI. CHRISTIAN UNITY. 

It is a truth to which all Christians will agree, that divisions in the 
church of Christ, so far as they are detrimental to the success of the king- 
dom of Christ in this world, must, ultimately, be healed. The great 
division of the Greek and Latin churches yet continues, notwithstanding 
repeated attempts at reconciliation. In 1683 an earnest attempt was made 
by Leibnitz, Moranus, and Spinola to reunite the Roman and Protestant 
churches, but after ten years of negotiations the effort was abandoned. 
Many letters passed back and forth between the continental and British 
Reformers to unite the Reformed churches. Professor Hermann Witsius 
drew up a plan for this purpose for William III, but nothing came of it. 
In 1743 the Classis of Amsterdam sought to bring about a union of the 
Dutch, the German, and the Presbyterian churches, but without success. 
In 1783 Dr. Livingston expressed the desire that some genius equal to the 
task would arise, to draw a plan for uniting all the Reformed churches in 
America into one national church. Notwithstanding the seeming difficulties 
in the way, "I humbly apprehend," said he, "this will be practicable ; and 
I yet hope to see it accomplished." In 1784 efforts began to be made to 
promote friendly correspondence between the Presbyterian, the Associate 
Reformed, and the Dutch Reformed churches in America. Committees 
met, and articles of agreement were drawn up in 1785, and new articles in 
1800. In 1816 special efforts were renewed to unite the Associate Reformed 
and the Dutch Reformed in closer bonds, and in 1820 to unite them to- 
gether under the name of the Reformed Protestant Church in North 



'Thank.s are due to Rev. A. D. W. Mason. D. D., for supplying the infor- 
mation contained in Section V. 



102 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

America. The standards of the two churches were adopted, and individual 
congregations were to be allowed their own customs and usages. Two- 
thirds of the Classes were in favor of this union ; but in 1821 the Associ- 
ate Reformed Church declined to press the subject further. 

In 1822 new articles of correspondence were drawn up between the Pres- 
byterian and Dutch churches. In 1873-78 earnest efiforts were made to 
bring about a union of the Presbyterian churches, North and South, and 
of the German Reformed Church with the Dutch Church, but without 
success. 

In reference to the Presbyterian Church (South), however, a plan of 
co-operation was formulated which related to publication, home missions, 
foreign missions, and education. This resulted in co-operation upon the 
mission field, and, at a later date, fellowship in endeavor among the 
negroes of the South. 

Besides the effort for union with the German Reformed Church made by 
the Classis of Amsterdam in 1743, the Coetus party made overtures to that 
body for union in 1762. In 1770 Queen's College was located at New Bruns- 
wick, partly for the reason that it would be more convenient for students of 
the German churches in Pennsylvania; and the names of two German min- 
isters, Wyberg and Du Bois, were put among its first incorporators. At 
the first meeting of the Dutch General Synod in 1794, union with the 
German Church was looked forward to as a desirable consummation, and 
a committee was appointed to take "effectual measures to bring so desirable 
a thing into effect." Delegates were exchanged, and German students 
were urged to come to New Brunswick. More distinct propositions for 
union were made in 1820, and again in 1842, and at the important Harris- 
burg convention of 1844 it was thought that the scheme was on the high- 
road to success ; but in 1848, owing to certain doctrinal discussions in the 
German Church, the Dutch Church withdrew from the scheme, and corre- 
spondence was suspended for ten years (1853-63). With the tri-centennial 
of the Heidelberg Catechism, in 1863, intercourse was renewed, and a gen- 
eral efifort for union was again made in 1873, but then the Dutch and 
Germans could not agree on the doctrinal standards. In 1886 began 
another effort, which was prosecuted for six years. The scheme of a 
union now seemed certain to succeed, and two-thirds of the Classes of 
the Reformed (Dutch) Church, and most, if not all, of the Classes of 
the Reformed (German) Church, agreed to the plan proposed; but 
some technical errors in the reports of the vote of the Classes of the 
Dutch Church and other reasons delayed the consummation, and ultimately 
prevented success. 

But while efiforts for external union were premature, the real union 
of the Spirit was advancing toward success. The Constitution of 1792 
proposed correspondence with other churches "for the purpose of promot- 
ing union and concert in general measures which may be calculated to 
maintain sound doctrine, prevent conflicting regulations — and to promote 
the cause of religion and piety." 

Thus authorized the General Synod began to extend its fraternal fel- 



THE METHODS OF THE CHURCH S ACTIVITY IO3 

lowship beyond the bounds which had hmited it in colonial days. Through- 
out its history the Reformed Church has been in friendly correspondence, 
either continuously or on special occasions, with at least forty different 
Christian bodies. 

With the growth of intelligence and charity the idea of Christian unity 
has widened. In early days an organic union based on agreement in 
doctrine, seemed the only possible ideal. With the progress of the suns 
it has come to be understood that in spite of divergence in doctrine, a 
federal union in Christian service is possible. 

The chief organizations for the advancement of Church Unity in its 
spiritual sense with which the Reformed Church in America has become 
allied are the following : 

The Evangelical Alliance. This was founded in London in 1846. The 
American Branch was organized in 1867. Its chief work has been in the 
cultivation of a devotional spirit, in conference and in appeals in behalf 
of those who suffer religious persecution. The Reformed Church has 
been connected with it from the beginning. 

The Alliance of Reformed Churches throughout the World holding the 
Presbyterian System. This was organized in London in 1875. Its purpose 
was not to merge the separate existence of its members into one large or- 
ganization, but to bring the members of the Presbyterian family into con- 
sultation for the good of the Church at large and for the glory of God. In 
1884 an Executive Commission was constituted and the Alliance was 
divided into two divisions, the Eastern Section for the Old World and 
the Western Section for the New World. The churches which are mem- 
bers of this Alliance have a membership of about thirty million. 

Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America. This organiza- 
tion had its beginnings in a conference in 1905, but it attained completion 
at a meeting in Philadelphia in 1908. Its purpose is to draw the various 
denominational members of the body into a co-operation which shall mani- 
fest their unity in Christ Jesus, and advance the interests of the Kingdom 
of Christ in America and throughout the World. It has been very useful 
in preventing overlooking and overlapping in denominational activity. 
At present there are some thirty denominations in its union. 

Council of the Reformed Churches in America Holding the Presbyterian 
System. The Reformed Church in America, the Presbyterian Church in 
the United States of America the United Presbyterian Church of North 
America, and the' Presbyterian Church in the United States signed Articles 
of Agreement in 1907. In 1908 the Reformed Church in the United States 
adopted the Articles. The Associate Reformed Presbyterian Synod fol- 
lowed in 1910 and the Colored Cumberland Presbyterian Church in 1912. 
The object of this Council is to develop spiritual unity and to promote 
closer relations and more effective administrative co-operation among the 
churches. 

A World Conference on Faith and Order was proposed by the Protestant 
Episcopal Church in 1910. At several meetings of this Conference the Re- 
formed Church has been officially represented. 



104 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

At a meeting held in Geneva, Switzerland, in August 1920 it was proposed 
that a "Universal Conference of the Church of Christ on Life and Work" 
be held in the year 1923. The Reformed Church has appointed a com- 
mittee to take part in tentative arrangements for this meeting. 

AUTHORITIES FOR THE FOURTH PERIOD. 

Corwin, E. T. Manual of the Reformed Church in America, especially 
the 1st edition, 1859, and the 4th edition, 1902. 
A Digest of Synodical Legislation of the Reformed Church in America, 
1906. 

De Jonge, Gerhard. Information furnished in manuscript. 

Demarest, D. D. The Reformed Church in America, Its Origin Develop- 
ment and Characteristics, 1889, 4th ed. 

Mason, A. DeW. Information furnished in manuscript. 

Minutes of General Synod, XXVI vols. 

Minutes of the various Particular Synods. 

Reports of Various Boards and Organizations. 

Taylor B. C. Annals of jthe Classis of Bergen, 1857. 



CHAPTER XVIII. 
RUTGERS COLLEGE. 

BY W. H. S. DEMAREST, D.D., LL.D., PRESIDENT OF RUTGERS COLLEGE. 

The people of the Netherlands, sturdy in the Reformation faith, were 
likewise pledged to the cause of sound and broad education. Therefore 
the Dutch were rich in educational traditions when they came to America 
to make investment of themselves and their possessions in a new land 
which promised rare opportunity for worldly welfare. Churches and 
schools were soon planted, but there was a great lack of ministers. The 
ministers, it was thought, must come from the fatherland. Perhaps it was 
the ministers themselves rather than the congregations that insisted on 
this Holland education and ordination. Among them leaders must arise, 
who, alive to the needs of the churches and to the trouble and expense of 
education abroad, would give themselves to the making of an American 
church and of home institutions of sacred and secular learning. 

In 1719 Theodorus Jacobus Frelinghuysen came from the old country 
and took upon himself the charge of all the churches in the Raritan Valley, 
in what are now the counties of Somerset and Middlesex. His labors in 
this widespreading parish began a new era in its life. He was an evange- 
list of rare spiritual power. He was the progressive of his church and 
time. In 1738 he and some men of like mind held the first formal con- 
ference looking to some freedom from old Amsterdam ; and three years 
later an organization was formed, owning still allegiance to the Church 
abroad, but undertaking some free privileges. Here and there a young 
man was taught in the home of a minister and in due time ordained by a 
circle of the ministers assuming that right. In challenge of this hint of 
independence, ministers and elders more conservative formed their rival 
conference, and a sharp controversy lasting almost a generation was born. 
This was Coetus-Conferentie dispute. 

It was natural that the men of American ideals should grow steadily 
in zeal for an academy of their own. Colleges were founded by others 
close at hand : Princeton, then known as the College of New Jersey, in 
1746, with the question pending between 1750 and 1752 whether it should 
be at New Brunswick or Princeton ; Columbia, then Kings, in 1754. Young 
men would go to these, or to Yale or to Pennsylvania. 

Some argued that the sons of the Hollanders needed no academic in- 
stitution of their own, only a chair of theology at Kings or Princeton. 

Sons of the first Frelinghuysen called the party of independents to 
action. One son, John, was in the parsonage at Raritan, now Somer- 



I06 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

ville, serving churches that his father had served before him. There in 
a room set apart young men were taught language and theology. One 
son, Theodorus, was minister at Albany, in the old Fort Orange Church. 
He made a journey on horseback in the dead of winter through the Hud- 
son Valley declaring his cause and gathering strength from the ministers 
and parishes. He then called ministers and elders to meet at New York 
City "to deal with our church affairs, as well as an Academy where our 
youth who are devoted to study may receive instruction." Assembled in 
such convention May 27, 1755, men from a score of places approved the 
proposed academy and a plan of contributions and appointed Mr. Freling- 
huysen delegate to proceed to Holland in this behalf, giving him a high 
commission in sonorous Latin : "Therefore we * * * do resolve in 
these present critical times to strive with all our energy, and in the fear of 
God, to plant a university or seminary for young men destined for study 
in the learned languages and in the liberal arts, and who are to be in- 
structed in the philosophical sciences ; also, that it may be a school of the 
prophets in which young Levites and Nazarites of God may be prepared to 
enter upon the sacred ministerial office." From the day of that deliverance 
the founding of the College was never in doubt. But it was not to come 
without hardness and delay. The opposition was sharp, especially from 
the ministers in New York. In Amsterdam little sympathy was shown. 
After four years of perplexity and of impatient waiting, the delegate to 
Holland took his departure. It was an ill-starred journey. We know 
little of it, but plainly he had no very great success. Journeying home he 
was drowned when approaching New York. John Frelinghuysen too, at 
Raritan, had finished his work. In his place was Jacob Rutsen Harden- 
bergh, a young man who had studied with him and who married his widow, 
the famous Dinah van Bergh, the Juffrow Hardenbergh. He was a 
patriot, a statesman, a man of spirit and faith. The college enterprise fell 
into strong hands when it came to him ; and Domine John Leydt at New 
Brunswick. Northward at Tappan was Domine Samuel Verbrycke, with 
whom attaches, the first reference we have to the charter effort itself. 
In a letter of early 1762 it is said this minister "had engaged, with other 
ministers * * * iq obtain from the Governor of New Jersey a Charter 
for the erection of an academy in that province" "and, when refused by one 
governor, sought it from his successors." In 1763 Hardenbergh went to 
Holland' where, a letter states "he has already begun to gather in the 
moneys secured by Rev. Frelinghuysen." In 1764 he himself writes "that 
two governors have refused their request, they mean to try it with the 
third." Their persistence was crowned with success, for on November 
ID, 1766, the charter of Queen's College was granted by George the Third, 
in answer to petition of his loving subjects of the Church of the Nether- 
lands. 

No copy of this charter is, so far as we know, in existence. Its contents 
may however be known from the second charter, granted in 1770, a copy 
of which printed in that year is in the possession of the College. It begins : 
"George the Third by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and 



RUTGERS COLLEGE IQ/ 

Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, etc." It grants "that there be a 
college, called Queen's College, erected in our said Province of New Jer- 
sey." It declares the object of the College: "for the education of youth 
in the learned languages, liberal and useful arts and sciences, and especially 
in divinity, preparing them for the ministry and for other good offices." 
The charter lays no church requirement on members of the Board of 
Trustees or of the Faculty any more than on the students. It was how- 
ever required, that the Trustees in electing a President of the College shall 
always choose a "member of the Dutch Reformed Church aforesaid." It 
provided for a professor of divinity. It required that there should be "at 
least one professor, or teacher, well versed in the English language." It 
directed that the Board of Trustees should consist of forty-one members, 
four of them (later three) officers of the Province (later the State) of 
New Jersey, including the Governor, who should be ex officio president of 
the Board when present at its meetings. 

A call for a meeting of the Trustees was issued, which recited the secur- 
ing of the charter, the list of those constituted by it the original Board 
of Trustees and summoned the members to assemble at the "County 
House at Hackensack Town" on the second Tuesday of May, 1767. Among 
these Trustees — and those named in the charter of 1770 differed in only one 
or two particulars — were Philip Livingston, Colonel Hardenbergh, and his 
son the minister, Sir William Johnson, Hasbrouck, Hoffman, Brinckerhoff, 
Vrooman, Ten Eyck, Schenck, Zabriskie, Du Bois, Philip French, and 
Hendrick Fisher, apparently the first president of the Board in the absence 
of the governor. Meetings were thenceforth called twice a year, in May 
and October : they were held sometimes in New Brunswick, sometimes 
elsewhere, usually at the public house. The College did not start at once. 
Probably lack of resources was the chief reason, but lack of agreement as 
to its location may have had something to do with it. There evidently was 
much rivalry. There is some reason to think that Domine Frelinghuysen 
of Albany, ten years before, had his mind on an academy there as the 
good foundation. Domine Goetschius, it was now said, had established an 
academy at Hackensack as a good prelude to the College going there. 
Domine Verbrycke at Tappan was equally alert in his locality. And 
at New Brunswick (where Jacobus Schureman probably had taught 
in the very early days) there was founded a school perhaps as early as 
1762, certainly before 1770, which, preceding the College in actual work, 
has continued until now, with virtually unbroken record, the Grammar 
School of the College. 

A meeting held at Hackensack, May 7, 1771, decided that the College 
should be planted at New Brunswick. Hackensack lost the prize by the 
close vote of ten to seven. The reason stated for the choice was the 
larger financial offer of New Brunswick. A fact also in point, no doubt, 
was the large influence of Domine Hardenbergh and Hendrick Fisher. One 
thing suggested as also bearing upon it was the nearer vicinity of the 
German churches of Pennsylvania, at that time quite united with the 
Dutch, from which students might be expected. The town was at that 



108 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

time still very small. Some English settlers were there, and the ferry over 
the Raritan on the high road from New York to Philadelphia made it 
familiar in the Colonial life. 

When once the place had been determined, the start of college work 
did not delay. The second Tuesday of November of that year, 1771, five 
years perhaps to a day after the granting of the first charter, Queen's 
College opened its doors. 

The Trustees in announcing the College say that they have appointed 
Mr. Frederick Frelinghuysen as the tutor who is to instruct the students 
in order to prepare them for the usual degrees and is also to teach the 
English language grammatically. They add : "It is supposed that the char- 
acter of the gentleman appointed tutor is become so well known by discov- 
ering his scholarly genius in the course of his studies at Nassau Hall 
(where he had a liberal education) that it needs no further recommenda- 
tion from us." 

They also say that the Reverend Messrs. Light (Leydt), Hardenbergh^ 
and Van Harlingen are to take the government and direction of the College, 
with the tutor aforesaid, until a well qualified President can be procured. 
"The public," they say, "ma^ depend upon finding good and sufficient board 
at private houses and as cheap (if not cheaper) than at any other place 
where colleges are located. As said College is calculated to promote 
learning in general for the good of the community therefore the general 
students may be expected to be treated with becoming candour without any 
discrimination with respect to their religious sentiments." Six months 
later the tutor himself advertises that the College was actually started at 
the appointed time. He adds : "Any parents or guardians who may be 
inclined to send their children to this institution may depend upon having 
them instructed with the greatest care and diligence." "The strictest re- 
gard will be paid to their moral conduct and, in a word, to everything 
which may tend to render them a pleasure to their friends and an ornament 
to their species. Also to obviate the objection of some to sending their 
children, on account of their small proficiency in English, a proper person 
has been provided who attends at the Grammar School an hour a day and 
teaches reading, writing, and arithmetic with becoming accuracy. It is 
hoped that the above considerations, together with the healthy and conveni- 
ent situation of the place, on a pleasant and navigable river in the midst 
of a plentiful country, the reasonableness of the inhabitants and the price 
of board and the easy access from all places, either by land or water, will 
be estimated by the considerate public as a sufficient recommendation of 
this infant College which (as it is erected upon so catholic a plan) will 
undoubtedly prove advantageous to our new American country by assisting 
its sister seminaries to cultivate truth, piety, learning, and liberty." Mr. 
Frelinghuysen was the son of the Rev. John Frelinghuysen, the step-son 
of Rev. Jacob Rutsen Hardenbergh. He had been graduated from Prince- 
ton in 1770, and began work as tutor of Queen's College when less than 
nineteen years of age. No doubt he began the work well, but it does 
not appear that he continued long in charge of it ; as he himself said, he 



RUTGERS COLLEGE IO9 

'had learned patriotism as well as Greek at the feet of Witherspoon, and 
he was soon busy at the bringing forth of the new nation, serving with 
distinction on the feld and in council. He became a Colonel of militia 
.and after the war Brigadier General. He was eminent in the profession 
of law. He was a member of the Provincial Congress, the Continental 
'Congress, end the Committee of Safety, and was a United States Senator. 
In private life he was held in singularly high esteem and his death, on his 
fifty- rst birthday, seemed sadly premature. With him in the college work 
soo.". after its start was John Taylor, his classmate at Princeton. Per- 
haps he had been in charge of the school at first. He too became a Colonel 
in the patriot army and was as well a trusted counsellor in general affairs. 
He remained in charge of the College when Frelinghuysen withdrew. He 
left his students from time to time, in the exigencies of war, but apparently 
did not, for a long time, surrender his responsibility for them. Mean- 
time the Trustees were looking for a president. No doubt Dr. Harden- 
bergh was informally in that position but the Trustees wrote to Amster- 
dam for advice as to some one who might come over to fill the office and 
at the same time be professor of divinity. The Church approving this, the 
qualifications which they present as appropriate, in a letter of 1772, indicate 
that Trustees were perhaps more exacting in those days than they are 
now: I. He is to teach theology; 2. He is to teach the languages, through 
tutors ; 3. On the Lord's Day he will have to do more or less of the work 
of a minister; 4. He must be a man of tried piety; 5. He must be at- 
tached to the constitution of the Netherland Church; 6. A man of thorough 
learning ; 7. Well natured ; 8. Free and friendly in conversation ; 9. Master 
■of the English language, though he may dictate in Latin ; finally, he should 
be pleased to dictate on Marks Medulla! No wonder there was no presi- 
dent secured for a dozen years ; and the chair of theology even then was 
not fill^. The Dutch Reformed Church, having in its wisdom decided 
to found its own professorship in 1774, after delay due to the war, filled 
it in 1784 by the choice of the Rev. Dr. John Henry Livingston, a choice 
which was the origin of the Theological Seminary, the oldest in the land, 
which removed to New Brunswick in the person of Dr. Livingston, in 
1810. Thus, at the very beginning, the College and the Church failed to 
enter into the union which had been contemplated through all the years 
preceding. 

The college was housed in the building at the northeast corner of what 
are now Albany and Neilson Streets. The work was at times removed 
from town, for New Brunswick was in the pathway of the armies. The 
sessions were then held at Hillsboro, now Millstone, or at the union of 
the North and South branches of the Raritan. 

The first public commencement was in October, 1774. The account 
states: "Mr. Matthew Light of New Brunswick was the only candidate for 
the degree of Batchelor of Arts, who delivered orations in Latin, Dutch, 
and English with high applause." Certain members of the next class 
"spoke with gracefulness and propriety on various subjects." A number 
of ladies and gentlemen of the town entertained the audience "and the 



no THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

whole was conducted in a manner that gave satisfaction to the very 
numerous and respectable assembly." Dr. Hardenbergh presided that day 
and he no doubt did so during his pastorate at Raritan, which continued 
until 1781. There were not many students or graduates during those first 
years, but they were a distinguished group. In 1783 the Trustees chose 
Dr. Dirck Romeyn as President, the minister of the Church of Hackensack, 
who later in the church of Schenectady became the virtual founder of 
Union College. He was chosen because the churches of New Brunswick 
and Six Mile Run, which were to have the College President as their 
pastor, insisted upon him; but he declined, and in 1785 Dr. Hardenbergh, 
who had been the Trustees' first choice, was chosen. The churches as- 
sented, and he accepted. He had been for three or four years in the 
church of Rochester, Ulster County, New York, and he now returned to 
the neighborhood of his earlier parish. In the same year Andrew Kirk- 
patrick, afterward Chief Justice of the State of New Jersey, whose family 
name attaches with the College Chapel, took charge of the Grammar 
School. Student problems in those days were not entirely different from 
those of the present. We find the price of student board much discussed; 
and the students of Queen's College invite their friends to the exhibition 
of a tragedy; and they address to the Trustees proposals of reform in the 
operation of the College. 

The College, as already said, was at the corner of Albany and Neilson 
Streets, but in 1787 to 1788 a change was undertaken; the College was 
moved to the site where the Soldiers' Monument now stands, at the foot 
of Livingston Avenue. The college hall was a frame building, fronting 
north, without cupola or belfry. When the College was through with it 
twenty years later it was moved to allow street extension and placed on 
Schureman Street, the north side, east of George, where a portion of it 
still stands. The Grammar School also was housed in the building and 
for a time had its exclusive use. The College was having hard times. 
Money did not come in, and in 1790 Dr. Hardenbergh died. He had lived 
a long time in his few years. A leader in the Church, College and State, 
he was worn out at fifty years of age. After his death the situation of 
the College became even more serious. John Taylor who had taught 
frequently now withdrew to the newly founded Union College to give to 
it the few remaining years of his life. There seemed no one ready to take 
up the work. A plan was devised for the union of Princeton and Queen's 
and in 1793 a committee was appointed to confer with a committee from 
Princeton ; and then the Trustees of Queen's refused to approve of the 
proposal by a vote of nine to eight. And at this time, curiously, there was 
a medical school attached for a short time, certain professors, seceding 
from a New York medical school, entering into connection. Dr. William 
Linn, of the Collegiate Church of New York City, became acting presi- 
dent, but such formal leadership could not give the College growth nor 
even keep it long active. The idea arose that it was best to give all sup- 
port to the Grammar School ; and so after the commencement of 1794 
the college courses were suspended and the institution remained closed 



RUTGERS COLLEGE III 

for nearly fifteen years. The time became the background for the rare 
character and noble service of two men. One was John Croes. The 
Grammar School had been continued and in 1801 Air. Croes, Episcopal 
minister, received a call from the College to take charge of the school and 
a call from Christ Church of New Brunswick to be its rector. He served 
both the school and the church for seven years. He had high reputation 
as an educator ; the school was advertised in the South as well as North, 
and many students came from a distance. His name deserves high and 
lasting remembrance for the devoted and fruitful service he gave this 
school of the Dutch foundation. In a way it really was the continued life 
of the College. He nobly represents the Protestant Episcopal element 
which through all the history of the College has played so fine and large 
a part in the Board of Trustees, Faculty, and student body. In 1808, when 
the school was still prosperous, he felt the double burden too great, and 
confined himself thenceforth to the pastor's office alone. In 1816 he be- 
came first Bishop of New Jersey. 

The other man standing out in the period is Dr. Ira Condict, the Dutch 
Church minister, who became acting president. He would not give up the 
College and in time he gave himself in rare self-sacrifice to a new beginning 
of the work. Chief Justice Kirkpatrick in 1807 offered a resolution, which 
was unanimously carried, approving a new start and the building of a 
college hall, "in view of the country's rapid increase in wealth and the 
desire for sound education." The General Synod of the Dutch Reformed 
Church was approached with view to union of theology with the College. 
The so-called Covenant of '1807 was adopted. The land of the present 
Queen's Campus was secured by gift and a little by purchase from the 
family of James Parker of Amboy ; plans for the building were made 
by John McComb, architect of the City Hall and St. John's Church in 
New York and of Nassau Hall at Princeton. Dr. Condict, Abraham Blau- 
velt, and others devoted themselves to the securing of subscriptions and 
to the erection of the building, and their devotion was crowned with suc- 
cess. Through fifteen years only the eastern end of the hall was complete; 
part of the west end was used, and the center was not usable at all. Dr. 
John H. Livingston was elected President and in 1810 he removed to New 
Brunswick to serve the College and to continue his work in theology. He 
had been the church's professor in New York and on Long Island since 
1784 and he now united the chair with the College as had been really 
intended nearly forty years before. It was understood that he was not to 
give other college instruction, indeed not much college administration. He 
was to be the official head and there was to be a Vice-President. Dr. Con- 
dict held this office at first but died in 1810, worn out with his abundant 
labors, and Dr. John Schureman succeeded him. Robert Adrain was called 
from Columbia College to be professor of mathematics. The general synod 
of the Church was to have a certain superintendence. Thus we have a 
university plan: a graduate school of theology attached with the under- 
graduate or literary school ; and it is interesting to note that during this 
period there was, for the second and very brief time, also a medical 



112 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

school attached with the College, growing out of circumstance similar to 
that in 1792. A third incident of the same sort occurred in 1827. The 
union of the theological school and literary school seemed promising, but 
it did not prove enduring. Theology was dominant and the literary 
department did not grow strong. Between 1809 and 1816 few students were 
graduated. More money was needed, a "professorial fund" was raised, 
but it was for the chair of theology. In the necessity for larger endow- 
ment a lottery was resorted to, as was common in those days. The Legisla- 
ture granted the lottery privilege in 1812. It was put in the hands of a 
committee of trustees and they secured a professional manager. It ap- 
pears from the reports that large prizes were actually distributed. It does 
not appear, however, that the College was much the gainer. A happy inci- 
dent was the gift of $14,000 by Elias Van Bunschooten for the aid of 
students for the ministry or for other purposes of Queen's College. It 
was a large gift for those days. It was later increased. It was perhaps 
the first gift of its kind and it became the incentive to large like liberality 
from many sources through the years after. 

In 1816, after much debate, the literary department was again discon- 
tinued and the building was surrendered to theology and to the Gram- 
mar School, with some parf of the building reserved for residence; for it 
is interesting to note that from the beginning until 1865 professors resided 
in the old Queen's Building, at either end. Preparatory work and theology 
continued through the years until in 1824 the literary department was again 
revived. A new covenant was entered into between the Synod and the 
Trustees, the Covenant of 1824, and the building was sold to the Synod. 
This was done that the College might have funds to meet its obligations 
and because the theological seminary so largely used the hall. At the same 
time the Trustees made petition to the Legislature for a change of name 
to Rutgers College. The change seems to us now rather extraordinary. 
King's College had changed to Columbia soon after the Revolutionary War, 
and change at that time is quite readily understood. Perhaps the Queen's 
College Trustees felt that the College had not by high prosperity confirmed 
any name it bore and that change might help in the new era. No senti- 
ment for the old name appears. Henry Rutgers was a foremost citizen 
in New York City and a leader in the Church, wealthy and a liberal sup- 
porter of all good causes — church, city, education, benevolence. He had 
been a Trustee of Queens and a supporter of it. After the College was 
given his name, not before, he gave $5,000 to it, still held in trust for it by 
the Synod. "His name is given the College," the record runs, "as a mark 
of their respect for his character and in gratitude for his numerous ser- 
vices rendered the Reformed Dutch Church." 

Dr. Livingston died in 1825. To succeed him Dr. Milledoler was elected, 
who had been for some time a professor in the theological school. He was 
a graduate of Columbia. He had served as pastor of Presbyterian and 
Reformed churches. He was a man of rare piety and great pulpit power. 
The new start was a strong one. Professor Adrain returned. Professors 
Brownlee, Woodhull, Dewitt, with Adrain and Dr. Milledoler, made a 



RUTGERS COLLEGE II3 

splendid Faculty. The service of some was short. Brownlee soon went to 
the Collegiate Church, Woodhull died after a year, Adrian went to the 
University of Pennsylvania; but the high standard had been set. Professor 
Nelson, graduate of Columbia, the blind teacher of rare ability, came to 
succeed Brownlee ; Theodore Strong, graduate of Yale, came to succeed 
Adrain. Professor Nelson retired after short service but was succeeded 
by Alexander McClelland, graduate of Union, teacher of languages, un- 
surpassed in his generation. James Spencer Cannon of the towering frame 
and courtly fashion, succeeded Woodhull. Lewis C. Beck, the scientist, 
came in 1830. Later came John D. Ogilby and Jacob J. Janeway. It was 
a splendid group of men, and students came at once. In 1827 there were 
sixty-four of them. They had number and spirit enough to start at once 
the two literary societies which endured to the end of the century — one 
of them now exists — the Philoclean and Peithessophian, a singularly fruit- 
ful influence on students' minds and public address. 

The first decade and a half of the new and growing strength of Rutgers 
was under President Milledoler. The funds of the College were somewhat 
increased. The Grammar School had continued to occupy rooms in the 
old building and the time had come when a new building must be erected 
for it. In 1832 the work was undertaken on an enlarged plan in order that 
the two literary societies might share the new building. So it was that the 
school, in the early '30s, crossed the street to the corner it now occupies ; 
and the two societies moved with it, to return to the campus only when 
Van Nest Hall was completed, fifteen years later. Already in 1828 the 
graduating class was twenty men and thereafter about that number was 
graduated each year. An incident of far reaching significance during the 
time was the great revival of the spring of 1837; starting with visiting 
preachers in the Baptist Church which then stood just east of the College, 
it wonderfully moved the student body as well as the city. Scores con- 
fessed their repentance and faith. The account of commencement is of 
occasion strangely different from the usual, solemn and intense ; and 
twelve out of twenty-one graduates that year entered the ministry, in- 
cluding the father of the present President of the College. 

The decade was not far advanced when the union between the the- 
ological and literary work of the institution began to show strain. The 
professors of theology thought that they were called upon to do too much 
college work. It was urged that the two schools should be separated and 
the property sold back to the Trustees. Dr. Milledoler resigned in 1839, 
serving, however, into the year 1840. He had done a faithful, noble service. 

The Trustees then turned to a member of their own board, and from a 
clergyman to a layman, and chose the Honorable A. Bruyn Hasbrouck, 
a graduate of Yale, a lawyer, and a publicist. His home was in Kingston. 
He had rendered distinguished public service in Congress and he was a 
man of rare quality. The Church leased to the College certain land on 
each side of the college building; a president's house was erected on the 
one side and on the other side a building for the literary societies and 
other purposes. Dr. Milledoler had lived in the college building. Dr. 



114 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Livingston had lived on the road novf Livingston Avenue in the house 
on the terrace. The new^ house, occupied by President Hasbrouck, became 
a center of lively social life for the College and the aristocracy of the city. 
Accounts of the commencement levees abound in tribute to the youth, 
beauty, and learning there assembled. The house was occupied by three 
presidents, until 1889. Since then it has served as Fine Arts Building and as 
the Alumni and Faculty House. Van Nest Hall vi^as built by subscriptions, 
and by gift of Abraham Van Nest, for whom it was named. He was a 
leader and strong supporter of the Dutch Church of New York, a Trustee 
of the College and a constant giver and worker in its behalf. It was re- 
solved, upon President Hasbrouck coming to his office, that no professor 
in the seminary, save the professor of theology, should be excused from 
teaching duty in the College. This settled the question for a while, but, 
as might be expected, was not an enduring solution of it. Professors 
Cannon and McClelland continued in the double duty. Professors Strong 
and Beck also remained in the Faculty. It was an able Faculty, enlarged 
by the coming of Professors Proudfit, Crosby, Van Vranken, and others 
as the decade advanced. The College continued to send many men into the 
ministry, foreign missionary workers and into other forms of service. 
The college property was m very poor condition and not until 1849 was 
it much improved. The endowment was increased by about $30,000 in 
1845 ; in 1844 modern languages had become a part of the regular course 
of instruction. Through these years of President Hasbrouck's administra- 
tion the connection between the General Synod of the Church and the 
College was constantly growing less real. The Board of Superintendents 
finally, in 1848, entirely omitted to make any report to the Synod. The 
sentiment was growing that the theological instruction should be with- 
drawn from the building in which the literary work was done, for now the 
situation was reversed: in 1815 the theological work was supreme; in 1850 
it was no longer so. President Hasbrouck resigned in 1849. The Trustees 
turned to Theodore Frelinghuysen, Chancellor of New York University, 
and finally secured him. He was of the family that had so largely served 
the College enterprise, the son of General Frederick Frelinghuysen, the 
first tutor and later United States Senator. He was graduated from 
Princeton at the time when the literary work of Queen's College was 
suspended, in 1804, after studying at the Grammar School of Queen's 
College. He was a. lawyer by profession and had been in the United States 
Senate. He had been candidate for Vice-President of the United States 
on the ticket with Henry Clay. He was a leader in the Church and every 
noble enterprise, the leading layman in the church's organized work, presi- 
dent of the American Bible Society, of the American Tract Society, of 
the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. He was 
President for twelve years, from 1850 to his death in 1862, during which 
years his influence in public afifairs continued and his rare quality as a 
Christian gentleman told largely on the college generations that passed 
before him. During his term the number of students increased a little; 
some professors continued with him from the earlier time : Proudfit, Van 



RUTGERS COLLEGE II5 

Vranken, Von Romondt. Into his Faculty came some distinguished men: 
John Ludlow, who came from office of Provost of the University of 
Pennsylvania; William H. Campbell, the masterful teacher of Biblical 
languages ; William Irvin ; Samuel M. Woodbridge ; Howard Crosby, 
Greek scholar and preacher ; Marshal Henshaw, mathematician ; T. Romeyn 
Beck; Gustavus Fischer; John Forsyth; and George H. Cook, destined to 
be so large a factor for so many years in the life of the College and of the 
State and of the Church as well. The endowment was considerably in- 
creased by the securing of subscriptions in the form of scholarships; and 
although no new college buildings were built, the important property item 
of the time was the erection for the Church of the Peter Hertzog The- 
ological Hall, north of the College, to which the theological classes were 
removed, leaving the old building to the college classes alone. For a few 
years, however, the theological professors continued to teach somewhat in 
the College. 

On the death of President Frelinghuysen, Dr. William H. Campbell was 
chosen, a clergyman succeeding two laymen, as two laymen were to follow 
him in the president's chair. He was graduated from Dickinson College ; 
he had taught at Erasmus Hall, Flatbush, and at the Albany Academy, 
whence came so many distinguished teachers to Rutgers. He had been 
Professor in the Seminary for a number of years, and he served as Presi- 
dent for twenty years. He was a great scholar and teacher, a Scotchman 
of strong will and personality, shrewd, energetic, with a sense of humor 
and with a temper as well. He was held in high esteem in the Church, 
and he launched an endowment effort ; he gave new vigor to the work. 
New professors came: David Murray, who was to go from Rutgers to 
start modern education in Japan ; T. Sandford Doolittle, the preacher, the 
writer, the lover of all fine things; Jacob Cooper, the versatile scholar and 
devoted friend of every student ; George W. Atherton, who was to go to 
lead Pennsylvania State College into its promised land ; and from the 
Rutgers graduation itself, Edward A. Bowser, the mathematician, and 
Francis C. Van Dyck, the scientist. 

A radical, far reaching event soon came to pass. The Church, having 
another home for its Theological Seminary, sold back to the Trustees of 
the College the land and building to which it had held title since 1826. 
With the proceeds of the sale houses were built on the Seminary campus 
and the line of family residence in old Queen's came to an end. The 
transfer was, however, with the condition that three-fourths of the mem- 
bers of the Board of Trustees should be communicant members of the 
Reformed Dutch Church, a condition afterward changed to two-thirds, 
and in still more recent years entirely removed by common consent. The 
charter had never changed, and in the fullness of time the College was 
back upon its old free platform. The Seminary professors withdrew from 
college work. The superintendence of the Synod was of course no longer 
known. But with the definite separateness there remained the close 
sympathy and mutual service which still endure. 

But the second great milestone of the time was the attaching of the 



Il6 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

State College with this ancient foundation. The Land Grant Act was 
passed by the United States Congress in 1862. The various states were 
availing themselves of its provisions, applying them to some existing or 
new state foundation or in a few instances to a college of other and old 
foundation. The Scientific School of Rutgers was organized by the Trus- 
tees, and the State government made the Trustees the stewards of this 
new educational work. The United States grant proved for New Jersey 
very small, a final capital amount of $116,000; but the building on this 
foundation has been far from small. The later legislation by the United 
States and the State, for instruction and for research, has made the work 
of far reaching significance. Viewing this new service of the old College, 
it is interesting to note that Simeon De Witt wrote before 1819 on the 
necessity of establishing agricultural colleges for the training of young 
men for the profession of farming. 

Dr. Campbell had been President nearly ten years when new buildings 
were undertaken. The small Observatory, the gift of Daniel S. Schanck, 
was built in 1869. The Chapel and Library, in one building, and the so- 
called Geological Hall, were erected in the early seventies. The Geological 
Hall, received the valuable geological collections which were forming, and 
housed the sciences, taking them from Van Nest Hall. The Chapel was 
built with funds bequeathed by Mrs. Littleton Kirkpatrick, widow of the 
son of Chief Justice Andrew Kirkpatrick, early Rector of the Grammar 
School. These were splendid additions to the college plant. The College 
grew somewhat. Large classes had entered at the end of President Fre- 
linghuysen's time, the classes of 1862 and 1863. But the growth was not 
great. Indeed some decline in attendance set in toward the end of the 
decade 1870 to 1880. 

One of the marks of the time — at the midpoint of this administration — 
was the organizing of college athletics, before that unknown — of football 
in 1869, of baseball in 1870, of rowing and of other sports. 

Another mark was the coming of the first students from Japan to 
Rutgers. Through the missionaries of the Reformed Church those first 
men of the Orient in the search for the Western learning came to Rutgers. 
Some of them became very distinguished on their return to their homeland. 

Dr. Campbell resigned in 1882, full of years and honor. 

The College turned again to Albany Academy and took its head, Dr. 
Merrill Edwards Gates, graduate of Rochester University. From 1882 
to 1890 he filled the office, resigning to go to Amherst. It was then the 
Scientific School, in the educational current of the times, began its greater 
growth, and the importance of the State connection began to be more 
realized. A State Scholarship Act was passed by the Legislature. The 
United States Morrill Act and Hatch Act were passed. The Experiment 
Station was founded. Experts of the first rank in the sciences related to 
agriculture were added to the staff. Until now the mechanic arts or engi- 
neering had been the prevailing line of scientific work as in the state 
colleges all along the seaboard. There was some increase of endowment. 
In 1889 Mr. Garret E. Winants gave the dormitory which had been sug- 



RUTGERS COLLEGE II7 

gested so early and for years had been urgently desired. At the end of the 
decade, just as his hopes and efforts had come to high fruition, Dr. Cook 
died, leaving behind the story of a life work unsurpassed perhaps in the 
State of New Jersey for familiarity with its people, influence on the com- 
mon welfare and guidance to its natural resources. 

In 1890 Dr. Gates resigned. Dr. Austin Scott, graduate of Yale, at 
Rutgers since 1883, professor of history and constitutional law, was elected 
president and was inaugurated in 1891, continuing, however, a part of his 
extraordinarily effectual class room work. In 1892 Mr. Robert F. Ballan- 
tine gave the greatly needed Gymnasium. In 1904 Mr. Ralph Voorhees 
gave the Library building to receive the library collections which had far 
outgrown the library space in the Chapel building. The space thus released 
was made lecture rooms and office rooms. A third story was built on Van 
Nest Hall and the building generally improved. The Ceramics Department 
was established and a Ceramics Building erected by the State of New 
Jersey. The State scholarships were brought to a surer and larger support 
by the State. The work of the college continued to develop and its re- 
sources were somewhat increased. The campus was much improved. 

After fifteen years of devoted service Dr. Scott resigned. In 1906 Dr. 
William H. S. Demarest, graduate of Rutgers, professor of Church His- 
tory in the Theological Seminary, was chosen and inaugurated president. 
He had been a trustee since 1898, secretary of the board of trustees since 
1904, and acting president of the college during the year 1905-6. He is still 
(1921) president. 

In 1906 Mr. James Neilson, graduate and trustee, who had given the 
land for the gymnasium and library, gave the larger part of the block on 
which those buildings were located. Other parts of the block were soon 
acquired from other owners by the generous gifts of Mr. James B. Ford. 
On this block, the Neilson Campus, adjacent to the Queen's Campus, new 
buildings have successively risen : the Engineering Building in 1908 ; the 
Chemistry Building in 1910; the Entomology Building in 191 1; the Swim- 
ming Pool added to the Gymnasium by generous gift of Mrs. Robert F. 
Ballantine in 1914; the John Howard Ford Dormitory in 1914, the gift 
of Mr. Ford. Houses on the block were acquired, now used as pro- 
fessors' and students' residences. In 1919-20 Mr. Neilson gave the re- 
mainder of this campus which, lying between the old college campus and 
the seminary campus, has been fully improved. The State of New Jersey is 
now erecting upon it a new Ceramic Engineering Building. 

The College Farm has been increased from 90 acres to 375 acres and the 
State of New Jersey has there erected several buildings for the work of 
agricultural education: the Agricultural Building in 1914; the Horticultural 
Building in 1920; and smaller buildings: the Poultry Husbandry Building 
will be begun in 1921. The appropriations of the State for the State 
College, its agriculture, engineering and other departments, as well as for 
its scholarships, have greatly increased. It also supports a summer session 
and short courses and extension work. In 1917 it designated the State 
College to be also the State University. 



Il8 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

The invested funds of the college have increased from about $700,000 
to about $1,500,000 with about $300,000 of subscription to endowment still 
payable. A campaign for one million dollars for endowment or property 
in 1919-20 was successful. 

With its growth in property, endowment, and departments of instruction, 
the number of professors and instructors and the number of students have 
largely increased. The number in the teaching staflF for undergraduates is 
about 75 ; the number of undergraduates is about 800. 

The New Jersey College for Women, an aflfiliated college, not co-educa- 
tional, was established by the trustees in 1918. Its students number about 
300. 

Short Course students, 150, Summer Session students, 650, and Extension 
students, 450, make the total registry about 2250. 

The agreement with the General Synod that a number of the trustees 
be members of the Reformed Church has been dissolved by mutual con- 
sent and the requirement of the charter that the president be such a mem- 
ber no longer remains. A large proportion of the trustees are still mem- 
bers of the church, as is the president, as are many members of the faculty, 
and very many students. The college administers beneficiary funds for the 
benefit of students for the ministry and sends graduates to the Seminary 
every year. Several hundred graduates or sometime students of Rutgers 
College have entered the ministry of the Reformed Church. All classical 
and liberal courses of study are maintained, giving best academic founda- 
tion for the theological study. Graduates of the Seminary completing extra 
graduate studies receive the degree of Bachelor of Divinity from the 
•college. 



CHAPTER XIX. 

HISTORY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT NKU 
BRUNSWICK, N. J. 

REVISED BY J. P. SEARLE, D.D., PRESIDENT OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, NEW 

BRUNSWICK, N. J. 

To supply ministers for her multiplying fields was the most diflficult 
problem which confronted the Reformed Church in colonial days. The 
dispute between the Coetus and Conferentie parties revolved around this 
question. The Coetus party realized that Holland was inadequate as a 
source of supply for the American ministry and attempted to educate and 
ordain young men in America. Before 1770 Erickzon, the Frelinghuysens, 
Goetschius, Leydt, Hardenberg and Westerlo trained a number of youths 
for the pastoral office. The Conferentie party continued to require a 
European Theological education in the ministers whom it recognized, or 
at least a special dispensation from Holland for exceptional cases. Ritzema 
and Kails were the preceptors of the only Conferentie student. Finally 
the progress of events compelled the Conferentie to acknowledge the 
necessity of American training and ordination but they still differed from 
the Coetus in regard to the method. 

While the Coetus party was struggling for independent American judica- 
tories and contemplating the formation of regular educational institu- 
tions, their opponents were seeking to secure a Divinity Professorship in 
Kings (Columbia) College. An amendment to the charter of that institu- 
tion for this purpose was at length secured, but under such circumstances 
that it was repudiated by the Dutch. About the same time (May, 1755) 
Rev. Theodore Frelinghuysen was commissioned to go to Holland to solicit 
funds for the founding of a university. Success was expected inasmuch as 
Schlatter had heen very successful in behalf of the German churches in 
Pennsylvania. His departure was delayed for four years and then his 
mission, owing chiefly to the schism in the church, was unproductive. 

Eight years later, when J. H. Livingston was in Holland preparing for 
the ministry, he proposed to his friends in America that both contending 
parties should fix on some boy and send him to Holland to be trained for 
a professor in the American churches (liberal friends in Holland promis- 
ing to defray the expenses), and thus, ultimately, the schism might be 
healed and the churches here supplied with a satisfactory ministry. 

But soon after this he formed the acquaintance of Dr. Witherspoon, who 
had been called from Great Britain to take the presidency of the college at 

119 



I20 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Princeton and who visited Holland before embarking for America. At- 
tempts were now made to secure arrangements for the education of a 
ministry for the Reformed Church at the Princeton institutions, but the 
party leaders in America objecting to the proposition, the plan failed. 

At length, when a union of the two parties was efifected, one of the 
articles of union expressly stipulated that one or more professors of 
Theology should be chosen from the Netherlands by the advice of the 
Classis. Another article, apparently added as an amendment, stipulated 
that such professors should have no connection with any English acade- 
mies, but should deliver lectures on theology, etc., in their ozvn houses. 
This expression was intended to destroy every thought of union with the 
Princeton institutions and with Kings College. Neither of these institu- 
tions, and not even Queen's, is mentioned by name in the articles of union. 
Yet young men were only to begin their theological studies upon the 
presentation of suitable testimonials of a liberal education. 

As the Synod had no funds, no steps were taken by it to call a professor. 
Some of the principal churches in the North yet standing aloof from the 
union, it was feared that premature action might endanger the prospects 
of the theological endowmenj:. In the meantime Synod advised students to 
study at their own convenience with Drs. Livingston, Westerlo, Rysdyck, 
Hardenbergh or Goetschius. During this period only thirteen students 
were licensed or passed into the ministry. 

While the subject of the professorship was thus pending the trustees 
of Queen's College sought to carry out the plans of the Coetus party by 
calling Rev. John Brown, of Haddington, Scotland, to become their Pro- 
fessor of Divinity. He, however, declined. Their funds soon after this 
(1772) reached the sum of £4,000. They subsequently wrote to the Classis 
of Amsterdam and to the Theological Faculty at Utrecht to recommend 
to them a Professor of Theology to be also president of their college and 
a member of the ecclesiastical judicatories in America. The Synod in 1773 
ventured to indorse this action of the trustees (though trenching closely 
on the articles of union) virtually promising to accept their professor if 
their plans should succeed. The Synod also wrote to the Classis con- 
cerning their action, at the same time promising the trustees to help them 
in securing funds from the churches, but binding the trustees, by the 
forfeiture of their funds to certain congregations to be named, that their 
Professor of Divinity should belong to the Reformed Dutch Church, in 
fellowship with the Church of the Netherlands. The Classis responded to 
the communications of both Synod and the trustees, asking for further 
information. Probably this attempted union made them suspect the ex- 
istence of party spirit yet surviving. The Synod also betrayed anxiety lest 
their conduct, in the expressive language of their own minutes, should be 
overhauled. The next year, however, the Classis, with the concurrence 
of the Theological Faculty at Utrecht, recommended their last American 
student. Dr. Livingston, as the professor. But the battle of Lexington had 
already been fought and the subject was delayed until the close of the 
Revolution. 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. 121 

After the dawn of freedom the subject of the professorship at once 
occupied the attention of the churches. Dr. Livingston was in favor of 
having a Divinity Hall opened in New Brunswick, because it was the most 
central place for all portions of the Reformed Church. The idea of a 
professorship in Columbia College he considered unwise; he would have 
cordially indorsed a union with the Princeton institutions, but believed that 
prejudices were too strong to effect it. 

The trustees of Queen's College were without funds. They sought again 
the patronage of the church, but the Synod felt inclined to postpone the 
consideration of their proposals. The Legislature of New York had just 
passed an act relative to the establishment of a university and it was 
thought best to wait for developments. The church of Schenectady 
solicited the establishment of a seminary in that place, while Hackensack 
put in a similar plea, especially if the college should be removed from 
New Brunswick. The Synod also believed that the Theological Professor- . 
ship ought to exist without connection with any college. Yet they felt 
under obligation to the institution at New Brunswick and exhorted the 
trustees to keep it alive. They also encouraged the proposition from 
Schenectady, believing that a college there would not conflict with Queen's 
College, and appointed a committee to assist in its formation. (Union 
College). But they resolved that their Theological Professor should reside 
in New York and requested the consistory of tl^e church in that city to 
make the best arrangement possible with him. 

In October, 1784, Dr. J. H. Livingston was chosen Professor of Theology 
by the provisional Synod, and Dr. H. Meyer, pastor at Totowa and Pomp- 
ton Plains, Professor of Languages. No student could be admitted to 
examination for licensure without producing a certificate from Dr. Living- 
ston, and for which, as a suitable honorarium, he was to receive five 
pounds. The church of New York was requested to relieve the professor 
of part of his services, but this was not done until twelve years later. 
Dr. Livingston assumed his position on the nineteenth day of May, 1785, 
by delivering a learned and elegant address in Latin on The Truth of the 
Christian Religion in the church in Garden Street.' 

But the expense of living in the city was great and therefore some of the 
students prosecuted their studies under their own pastors or other min- 
isters. This compelled the Synod two years after the appointment of 
their professor (1786) to appoint a suitable Lector in Theology and all 
were exhorted to seek instruction from the Professor or Lector. Dr. 
Meyer, of Pompton Plains, was appointed also to this station. 

In May, 1791, the Synod first took active measures to attempt to raise 
a fund for the support of the professor. He had as yet received only 
a few honoraria from students who were able to pay, and the Synod had 
paid the same for a few others. It was therefore proposed that a subscrip- 
tion should be- circulated through the congregations, that the money should 
be paid semi-annually in six installments and should be deposited as a 



'This was reprinted in Latin in "Centennial Discourses," 1876, first edi- 
tion, and also in pamphlet form. 



122 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

capital fund in the Bank of New York or some national bank, and that it 
should be allowed to accumulate till a sufficient fund were procured. Mr. 
Peter Wilson, of New York, was made the agent to receive the funds and 
the consistory of- the church in New York were made the trustees of the 
same. This action alarmed the trustees of Queen's College (October, 
1791) and again they zealously urged their institution on the attention of 
the Synod and secured a postponement of the above action. They requested 
the Synod to recommend to them some Professor of Theology to be also 
President of their college, in agreement with the expectations excited in 
1773. A committee was appointed to confer with them in reference to the 
best method of raising funds, but the Synod declined for the present to 
recommend a Theological Professor to them till their institution was 
properly endowed. The next year (1792) two new Lectors in Theology 
were appointed for the convenience and economy of the students ; namely, 
Solomon Froeligh, at Hackensack, and Dirck Romeyn, at Schenectady. 

In 1793 the Synod was greatly offended because the trustees of Queen's 
College had made propositions of union to the trustees of the college at 
Princeton. They therefore directed that any ministers having funds in 
hand for Queen's College should reserve them till further directed and all 
action for the endowment of a Theological Professor in that institution 
was for the present suspended. The Classis of Hackensack also complained 
that the Synodical Pro/essorship had been constantly interfered with 
through the distraction occasioned by the propositions of the trustees 
and that if a Professorshiff of Theology were established in that institu- 
tion it would be only a subordinate office. They urged the Synod to 
establish a professorial school at once and have a professor to devote 
his whole time to it alone. The Synod agreed with the Classis of Hacken- 
sack and lamented that circumstances had frustrated their plans. They 
therefore determined to renew their efforts to endow an independent Theo- 
logical Professorship (1793). 

At the first meeting of the newly constituted General Synod in June, 
1794, a committee was appointed to report during the session on this sub- 
ject. They reported that no union could be efifected with Queen's College 
as long as it was situated at New Brunswick, that it ought to be re- 
moved to Bergen or Hackensack and a committee was appointed to confer 
with the trustees on this subject. But at the same time they reported that 
the Divinity School could not flourish in New York on account of the 
cost of living; that its continuance there prevented the collection of a 
fund; that the professor ought to remove to Flatbush, where a classical 
academy already existed, or to some other convenient place. The Con- 
sistory of the church in New York were again asked to relieve the pro- 
fessor of some of his duties and to make a just and equitable arrangement 
with him. The Synod also promised to urge the matter of the fund. 
They requested Peter Wilson, John Vanderbilt, Robert Benson and Richard 
Varick to become the trustees of said fund, instead of the New York 
consistory. They, moreover, permitted the moneys which had been col- 
lected for Queen's College to be paid over to the trustees, as all thought 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. I23 

of coalition with Princeton College was abandoned. If the trustees should 
become willing to move the location of their college within three months 
the committee appointed to confer with them were empowered to call an 
extra meeting of the Synod. A copy of the action of 1794 was sent to 
■every church. 

Owing, probably, to difficulties in making the necessary arrangements 
with his consistory, Professor Livingston did not remove to Flatbush till 
the spring of 1796, relinquishing half of his services and half of his salary 
in the city and receiving nothing in return. He spent four days at Flat- 
bush every week, preaching in the city each Sabbath. The number of his 
students at once doubled. Everything appeared to be encouraging. 

But in October, 1796, because of lack of earnest effort to endow the 
professorship, the professor sent a desponding letter to the Particular 
Synod, which was the continuation of the old Provisional Synod which 
had elected him in 1784. He reviewed the history of the efforts to estab- 
lish a Theological Professorship and their failure. He feared that the 
Church did not honestly intend to have any such institution. He felt that 
he could no longer struggle alone with increased labor and financial loss 
amid general neglect. He declared his convictions that as long as he by his 
private exertions continued thus to supply the necessities of the Church 
no results would be accomplished, that the institution could not long live 
under present arrangements and therefore he thought that if this (Par- 
ticular) Synod deemed it improper to do anything it were better for him 
to discontinue his lectures. 

Such a proposition alarmed the Synod and they resolved at once to carry 
out the propositions of the General Synod of 1794. They ordered a sub- 
scription paper to be printed, accompanied by a circular letter in the 
name of the General Synod to be sent to every church, while they earnestly 
requested the professor to continue his labors. 

But the General Synod wavered. The next June (1797) they unexpected- 
ly and strangely determined that it was not expedient to press these mat- 
ters. Financial difficulties, growing out of the revolutions in Europe, may 
have been the cause. They therefore thanked the professor for his gratuit- 
ous services and declared that it would be highly acceptable if, under all 
these discouragements, he would continue to discharge the duties of his 
office. And as it was exceedingly inconvenient for all students to get the 
certificate of the one professor and as different localities would become 
interested by a professor residing in them, the General Synod in 1797 made 
the Lectors of 1792. (Drs. Froeligh and Romeyn) full professors. The 
professors were requested to accept of £10 from each student, or, where 
the students could not pay. Synod would do it for them. Dr. Livingston 
accordingly relinquished his school at Flatbush and returned to the full 
duties of his parochial charge, but continued to teach as before. 

In May, 1799, the Particular Synod — forgetting, apparently, that its 
powers were not as great as before the constitution of General Synod, to 
which body alone by the Constitution of 1792 appertained the appoint- 
ment of professors — appointed Drs. Froeligh, Bassett and G. A. Kuypers 



124 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

teachers in the Hebrew language. This may have helped to develop the 
Church Order in 1800 by the division of this old Synod into two Par- 
ticular Synods of New York and Albany. 

In 1800 a committee of one minister and one elder from each Classis was 
appointed to collect all the acts on this subject and report what measures 
were necessary to render the professorship respectable and useful. It was 
now proposed that the sum of two shillings be laid on every church 
member annually for six years and that collectors be appointed and receive 
five per cent, for their trouble, and that the Questor of the General Synod 
should take charge of the funds. 

But experience proved that the action of 1797 was mistaken. It also 
came to be understood that Dr. Livingston held his office only by the 
appointment of the old Provisional Synod (1784) and that the two pro- 
fessors of 1797 held theirs by the appointment of the General Synod. 
It was therefore determined to bring back the institution to its former 
state. It was therefore declared that the election of the two additional 
professors in 1797 was a mere temporary expedient to meet existing cir- 
cumstances and that these professors should continue to possess the honors 
and emoluments of their pffices during their lives or good behavior, but 
should have no successors ; that the advantages of an education in a city 
like New York outweighed all other considerations and therefore that the 
city was the most eligible place in which to establish a Theological School. 
The Consistory of the church of New York also reminded the General 
Synod that by the charter of Columbia College they had a right to ap- 
point a Theological Professor in that institution and that thus support, 
honor, and permanency might be afforded the professor and the establish- 
ment put on a solid foundation, but Dr. Livingston was elected by the 
General Synod (1804) its one Permanent Professor. Thus it was thought 
the professorial endowment would be sooner realized. The Consistory of 
the church of New York" were again appointed the trustees of the funds 
which might be raised, but Synod declined to blend their Theological Pro- 
fessorate with any establishment not derived from the immediate authority 
of the Netherlands Reformed Church. Two Professors of Hebrew were 
also appointed (1804) ; namely, Revs. John Bassett and Jeremiah Romeyn. 
Students desiring to be examined by Classis for licensure must also have a 
certificate of lingual attainments signed by one of these. The Professors 
of Hebrew appointed by the Particular Synod in 1799 were disallowed by 
the refusal of the Synod to permit their certificates to be honored. 

In 1806 three ministers were elected from each Classis to obtain sub- 
scriptions and collect moneys for the permanent professorial fund. But 
every expedient was unavailing. The prospects grew faint and dubious. 
The most sanguine friends of the professorate were ready to despair 
concerning it. 

At this juncture, after thirteen years' interruption, the trustees of 
Queen's College made a proposition which prepared the way for the ulti- 
mate success of the Theological Professorship. They proposed to revive 
their college and to make it especially subservient to the Professorate, of 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. I25 

Theology. The trustees applied first to the Particular Synod of New 
York, which approved and recommended the plan, providing that all the 
moneys raised in the State of New York should be applied to the endow- 
ment of a Theological Professorship. General Synod sanctioned the 
revival of the college and the proposed union. 

A covenant was drawn up between the parties (1807) in which the trus- 
tees promised to combine the literary interests of the college with a decided 
support to evangelical truth and the promotion of an able and faithful 
ministry in the Dutch Church; that the funds raised in New York should 
be appropriated to the support of a Theological Professorship in the 
college and to the assistance of poor and pious young men preparing for 
the ministry; that the trustees should hold the funds for the Theological 
Professorship and should call the professor elected by Synod as soon as 
their funds would allow; that a permanent Board of Superintendents should 
be appointed by the Synod to superintend the Theological Institution, to aid 
the professor in arranging the course of instruction, to attend the examina- 
tion of students in theology, to be known by the name of "The Superin- 
tendents of the Theological Institution in Queen's College;" that the Synod 
should provide money for a library ; and both parties were to unite in erect- 
ing the necessary buildings — money, if needed for this purpose, to be taken 
from the professorial fund. 

Synod enjoined collections to be taken up in all their churches in the 
State of New York, to help in the erection of the necessary buildings. 
It was resolved that the Board of Superintendents consist of nine members, 
three to be taken from each Particular Synod and three from the clerical 
members of the Board of Trustees. 

The efTorts to collect funds by the trustees were crowned with unex- 
pected success. The church of New York at once gave $10,000 and the 
church of Harlem $400. 

In less than a year the trustees called Dr. Livingston as their Professor 
of Theology, according to the covenant, ofifering him $750 and $250 addi- 
tional as President of the college. He at first declined the latter office, but 
ultimately accepted, a Vice-President being appointed to take the burden 
of the duties. He did not immediately remove to New Brunswick, but 
waited till provision could be made for the churches under his care ; and 
also lest his removal might retard the increase of the professorial fund. 
In February, 1810, the trustees offered him $650 additional. Therefore, after 
a pastorship of forty years and a professorship, without compensation, 
of twenty-six in the city, at the age of sixty-four, he broke all the ties he 
had there formed and removed to New Brunswick. He had given his 
professorial certificate up to this time to about ninety students. By his 
removal he sacrificed a salary of $2,500 in his New York pastoral charge. 
He cast himself in faith upon the churches, trusting that they would pro- 
vide the necessary support. In December of the same year, considering 
the great sacrifices he had made, the trustees increased his salary to $1,700, 
allowing also $300 for house rent, promising that if there were any de- 
ficiency it should be made up as soon as funds permitted. Two years 



126 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

after this, when his receipts from the trustees had only amounted to $1,200,. 
he generously renounced all charges for the balance against them. The 
trustees had been embarrassed in their operations by a mo.ney crisis in the 
country. 

Dr. Livingston opened ihe Seminary in October, 1810, with five students. 
But a few days before he left New York he wrote a letter to Rev. Elias 
van Bunschooten, suggesting the propriety of his devoting a portion of his 
property to the benefit of the Theological Institution. This effort resulted 
in the endowing of the trustees in the sum of $14,650, which was increased 
by his will to $17,000. The income of this fund was to be appropriated to 
the support of "pious youth, who hope they have a call of God to preach 
the Gospel of Jesus Christ." This fund has been the means of educating 
many young men for the ministry. 

In 1812 Dr. Livingston sent in his first report to Synod, in which he 
reviewed the facts and stated the present conditions of the Seminary, 
urging the necessity of prompt and vigorous action respecting the endow- 
ment. At the same time the Board of Superintendents was fully organized 
by the adoption of a detailed plan respecting the government of the Theo- 
logical School. Synod way to have complete control of it in every particu- 
lar, appointing its Superintendents triennially, choosing three from each 
of the Particular Synods and three from the clerical members of the Board 
of Trustees. These were to superintend the examinations for professorial 
certificates and have authority over the students. Three professors, how- 
ever, were declared to be necessary before the institution should be re- 
garded as fully organized, each of whom should then deliver three lectures 
a week. A sermon was to be exhibited each week by one of the students 
on a topic assigned him; the course of study was to be three years. Each 
student was to be taught natural, didactic, polemic and practical theology ; 
Biblical criticism, chronology and ecclesiastical history ; the form and 
administration of church government and pastoral duties ; and to be able to 
read the Scriptures fluently in the original languages. At the end of three 
years they were to submit to an examination for a professorial certificate, 
upon which testimonial they were to be admitted to examination for 
licensure before their respective Classes. 

Dr. Bassett now resigned his position as Professor of Hebrew and Rev. 
J. M. van Harlingen, of Millstone, was appointed in his place. 

From this time the Board of Superintendents has regularly- met and has 
examined students. 

Fears were entertained for the welfare of the seminary on account of 
the waning of the college about this time. The trustees continued to be 
embarrassed. The erection of the building had involved them in debt. 
Synod appropriated $3,000 of the Theological Fund to aid in defraying the 
expenses of the building. In 1815 the plan of a Theological College was 
proposed by Dr. Livingston, having for its object, primarily, the education 
of young men for the ministry. Others, preparing for other professions, 
might be admitted spcciali gratia, to a limited number. Its corps of 
teachers should consist of a Professor of Theology, of Biblical Criticism, 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. 12/ 

and of Ecclesiastical History, to be appointed by the Synod, and a Profes- 
sor of Mathematics, to be appointed by the trustees ; the Theological Pro- 
fessors were also to perform duties in the college, according to the ap- 
pointment of the trustees ; the two funds were to be blended in one and 
Synod was to pay half the salaries of their professors. The plan was 
adopted in October, 1815, but the trustees, being embarrassed in their opera- 
tions, were not enabled to carry it out until ten years later. About this 
time also the German Reformed Church made propositions, informally, in 
reference to the establishment of a common theological institution for the 
two denominations. It was, perhaps, owing to the complicated relations of 
our own seminary that this plan was not entertained. Dr. Livingston, 
however, at his own expense, published an address to the German Re- 
formed churches in the United States (1819) replete with valuable informa- 
tion and counsel, urging them to establish a theological seminary for 
themselves. 

The propriety of removing the seminary to New York, or even to 
Schenectady, was also seriously discussed and Dr. Livingston even favored 
it for a time. But the trustees who held the funds would not consent to it. 

In 1814 the Board of Superintendents suggested to Synod the necessity 
of another professor. To this end the church of Albany offered to con- 
tribute annually $750 and the church of New Brunswick $200 for a term 
of six years. Synod accordingly, and to the great relief of the now aged 
Livingston, the next year elected Rev. John Schureman Professor of 
Pastoral Theology and Ecclesiastical History. After his death in 1818 the 
second professorship embraced the departments of Oriental Literature and 
Ecclesiastical History. Rev. Thomas de Witt having declined an appoint- 
ment to this position, Rev. John Ludlow was chosen. He continued in this 
department for five years, when Rev. John de Witt was chosen his suc- 
cessor. 

The further endowment of the institution weighed heavily on Dr. 
Livingston's mind. He felt that unless speedy measures were taken for 
this end, the institution must die. In 1822 subscriptions were started. Dr. 
Livingston heading them with $500, and nearly $27,000 were subscribed 
within a year in the Particular Synod of New York. 

The Particular Synod of Albany now made efforts to endow a third pro- 
fessorship. Dr. Livingston lived long enough to see that success was 
certain and that the institution for which he had sacrificed so much during 
forty years was established on a firm foundation. Different professors in 
different parts of the church had been appointed for the convenience of 
students, and Dr. Livingston had had an assistant most of the time in 
New Brunswick ; but it was only after his death, though in the same year, 
that the theological institution was fully organized by the full complement 
of professors— De Witt, Milledoler and Woodhull. The Particular Synod 
of Albany by the fall of 1825 had subscribed about $27,000, also, for the en- 
dowment of the third professorship. It was several years before these 
moneys were paid in (some of the subscriptions, indeed, were lost), but in 
the meantime the church of New York for several years gave $i.750 per 



128 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

annum and other churches or friends assisted in meeting the deficiency. 
Synod now purchased the college building in payment of the obligations of 
the trustees to them. The trustees had saved the professorate in 1807 by 
taking it under their care and the Synod now saved the college from ex- 
tinction by a similar kindness. The plan proposed in 1815 was substantially 
revived. The Theological Professor became professors also in the college 
and thus that institution, under the name of Rutgers, was reopened. 
(Rutgers College). 

Dr. Woodhull died within a year of his appointment and Dr. James S. 
Cannon was elected in his place. 

In 1824 the first change was made in reference to the appointment of the 
Board of Superintendents. Henceforth two from each Classis were to be 
appointed to constitute this Board, except from the Classis of New York, 
which was to have four members — all to be appointed by Synod. Ten 
years later the Classes were permitted to nominate and Synod confirmed 
them. In 1838 the plan was again changed, limiting the number to one 
from each Classis and only one-third of that number were to be elected 
each year to prevent an entire change in the board at once. The next year, 
however, Synod resumed its right of appointing the whole board itself; 
but in 1841 the plan of 1838 was again adopted. In 1848, at an extra ses- 
sion of Synod, the plan was entirely changed so that eight should con- 
stitute the board, an equal number to come from each Particular Synod ; 
but this action was rescinded the next June and the former plan resumed. 

In 1872 the Board of Superintendents was made to consist of four min- 
isters and four elders from each of the Particular Synods of New York, 
Albany and New Brunswick, together with one delegate from the Particular 
Synod of Chicago. These were to be nominated by the Synods respectively 
and confirmed by the General Synod. The normal term of service was to 
be four years and the terms of service of one-fourth of the members were 
to expire each year. This change created dissatisfaction and the restora- 
tion of the previously existing plan was urged. The result was that in 
1876 it was resolved that the board should consist of one member from 
■each Classis (excepting the Classes connected with the Particular Synod 
of Chicago) to be nominated by the respective Classes, together with 
six elders, to be appointed directly by the General Synod, the term of 
office to be three years. In 1877, when the Theological Department at 
Hope College was suspended, the rights of the Classes of the Particular 
Synod of Chicago to representation in the Board of Superintendents at 
New Brunswick were restored. 

In 1888 each Classis of the three Eastern Synods was allowed to nom- 
inate one minister, to be confirmed by the General Synod, for a term of 
five years, one-fifth to be elected each year. Two elders were to be 
nominated by each of the three Eastern Synods, to be confirmed by the 
General Synod, to serve for five years; while the Particular Synod of 
Chicago was to have one ministerial representative. Vacancies might be 
filled by the nominating Classis or Particular Synod, until the next General 
Synod which should appoint for the unexpired term. The Board was to 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. 129 

meet annually at New Brunswick in May for the examination of students 
and other business. 

In 1828 the old professorial fund was transferred to General Synod, and 
the same year a Board of Education was established, to which, having been 
remodeled in 1831, were committed all the educational interests of the 
church, as well as the immediate care of the beneficiaries. (Board of 
Education). In 1832, Dr. De Witt having died. Dr. Alexander McClelland 
took the chair of Biblical Literature. Three years later the Theological 
Professors were organized into a Faculty, to hold monthly meetings and 
exercise a general supervision over the students. 

In 1841 the students complained of the requirement to commit Mark's 
Medulla, which led to the adoption of a new plan for the Didactic Pro- 
fessor ; namely, to deliver lectures on theology. This action, however, led 
to the resignation of Dr. Milledoler. Rev. Samuel A. van Vranken was 
elected to his place. The Theological Professor was now relieved from 
the presidency of the college. 

In 1851 Dr. William H. Campbell succeeded Dr. McClelland in the de- 
partment of Biblical Literature and the next year Dr. John Ludlow suc- 
ceeded Dr. Cannon, who had been stricken by disease and declared to be 
Professor Emeritus. He died in the same year. 

The want of a theological hall separate from the college building began 
at this time to be seriously felt. The students drew up a memorial, stating 
their difficulties and their wants, and which paper passed through the 
hands of the Faculty to the Board of Superintendents. The board took 
immediate action on it and their efforts were crowned with complete suc- 
cess. At the personal solicitation of Dr. Ludlow Mrs. Anna Hertzog, of 
Philadelphia, donated $30,000 for its erection, with the condition that it 
should be called "The Peter Hertzog Theological Hall." Col. James Neil- 
son gave a lot of ground, valued at $14,000; Mr. David Bishop gave an 
adjoining lot, valued at $1,200; Mr. Charles P. Dayton gave another lot; 
and $2,000 were given by Alessrs. Francis and Wessel Wessells. of Paramus, 
N. J., to purchase still additional land to make the rectangle complete. The 
building was speedily erected. It contained dormitories, refectory, lecture- 
rooms, chapel and library. With the erection of James Suydam Hall the 
professors occupied lecture-rooms in it and the library was removed to the 
Gardner A. Sage Library Building. 

The Library room was made the chapel and the former chapel became the 
Dining Hall. 

The next year Dr. Ludlow was called by death and Dr. Samuel M. 
Woodbridge was elected in his place. Synod also engaged Dr. G. W. 
Bethune for one year to give a course of lectures on Pulpit Eloquence to 
the students. On the ist day of January, 1861, Dr. van Vranken died, and 
Dr. Joseph F. Berg was elected in his place. Two years later Dr. John De 
Witt, son of the former professor of the same name, was chosen to the 
chair of Biblical Literature, made vacant by the resignation of Dr. Camp- 
bell. About this time, also, the Theological Professors were relieved of 
further duties in the college. In 1864 the Synod transferred the college 



130 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

property to the trustees and the next year the covenants of 1807 and 1825 
were finally annulled. The money thus accruing was devoted to the erec- 
tion of the professorial residences then in course of construction. The 
same year a fourth professorship, namely, of Sacred Rhetoric and Pastoral 
Theology, which had been suggested and desired for many years, was, by 
a very general subscription through the churches, secured and Dr. David 
D. Demarest was elected to this position. 

In the year 1871 Dr. Berg was removed by death. Professor Wood- 
bridge, by appointment of a committee of General Synod, gave instruction 
to the Middle and Senior Classes in Didactic and Polemic Theology for 
one year. By the Synod of 1872 Dr. Abraham B. van Zandt was elected 
James Suydam Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology. 

A Standing Committee on Peter Hertzog Theological Hall was ap- 
pointed in the year 1857, immediately on the completion of the building. 
It consisted of six persons, including the three Theological Professors, and 
had the general charge of the property. This committee was also authorized 
to secure such additional funds as might be needed to accomplish the ob- 
jects of the institution; out the expenditures of the Hall and the adjacent 
grounds were not in anj^ case to exceed the amount of funds actually 
collected. The committee in 1864 undertook the work of obtaining funds 
for a needed increase of endowment and also for the establishment of a 
Professorship of Pastoral Theology and Sacred Rhetoric. They were 
stimulated to this by receiving from Rev. Nicholas E. Smith a subscrip- 
tion of $40,000 for the increase of the endowment, on condition that a like 
sum should be raised for a new professorship. The next year (1865) they 
reported that the work was well nigh completed, whereupon the Synod 
established the professorship and elected and" installed a professor. In 1867 
they reported the subscriptions and moneys they had received, amounting 
to $62,233.09, of which what remained after the establishment of the pro- 
fessorship was to be used for the building of three professorial residences, 
which were subsequently erected on the seminary grounds. The professors, 
as members of this committee, raised almost the whole amount, a work in 
which they were obliged to expend much time and labor. In this Dr. De 
Witt was especially active. 

But unfortunately the large subscription with which they had commenced 
could not be collected, although the subscriber had paid the interest on his 
bond for two years. This caused embarrassment and made a new effort 
necessary. The Synod, in order to relieve the professors from this work, 
and wishing quickly to obtain the desired result, reconstituted the commit- 
tee in 1868, making it to consist of nine laymen, with whom one professor 
appointed by the Faculty was to be associated. The committee was author- 
ized to employ an agent to obtain subscriptions and collect moneys, and 
directed, after expending what was necessary for repairs, to pay the 
remainder into the treasury of General Synod. It was also to be the 
Executive Committee of the Board of Superintendents, to report to them, 
to meet with them annually for a full consideration of the temporal in- 
terests of the seminary and to be under their general direction. The Synod 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. I3I 

at the same time passed a resolution requesting the Board of Directors to 
co-operate with the committee in raising $100,000 for completing the en- 
dowment of the seminary and for the payment of the debt of the Synod. 
The committee and board pointly employed Rev. Dr. James A. H. Cornell 
as agent (1869-1873) and he commenced the work with enthusiasm. He 
was cheered by receiving from Mr. James Suydam $40,000 for the endow- 
ment of the Professorship of Didactic and Polemic Theology, to which 
he subsequently added the sum of $20,000. Very appropriately the Synod 
attached his name to the professorship. The Synod also gave Dr. Cornell 
a direct appointment as its agent, but inasmuch as it was found to be very 
difficult to convene the committee, it was changed the next year and made 
to consist of one Theological Professor appointed by the Faculty and five 
other members (not necessarily laymen) to be appointed annually by the 
General Synod. The committee was in 1870 appointed for three years 
instead of one, in order to complete improvements in the Hall that had been 
commenced by them. In 1873 ^ further reappointment of the committee 
for three years was made, and in 1876 a change was again made. It was 
then resolved that the committee should consist of one Theological Pro- 
fessor and five other members, a majority of whom should be laymen, and 
the normal term of service to be five years, one member to be elected 
annually. Inasmuch as the number of buildings to be cared for had ii;- 
creased, the name of the committee was now changed to Committee on 
Seminary Grounds and Property. 

The reports of this committee, regularly presented to the General Synod, 
showed a vast amount of work done, of which the Synod frequently made 
grateful acknowledgment. Extensive improvements and repairs were made 
to Peter Hertzog Hall. Water and steam-heating were introduced and all 
its appointments made it an attractive dwelling-place. A rector was ap- 
pointed to take charge of the Hall and have the oversight of the students. 
James Suydam Hall, the gift of Mr. James Suydam, of New York City, 
was erected on the east side of Hertzog Hall. It was dedicated (the Gen- 
eral Synod attending) June 5, 1873, and contains a spacious gymnasium, 
museum and five lecture-rooms. In front of it a bronze statue of Mr. 
Suydam was placed by his friends. The aggregate of his gifts exceeded a 
quarter of a million dollars. 

On the west side of Peter Hertzog Hall was built the Gardner A. Sage 
Library. This is a fire-proof building, erected by Mr. Gardner A. Sage, of 
New York City, and presented by him to the General Synod and dedicated 
(the General Synod attending) June 4, 1875. In addition to his gift of 
the building Colonel Sage paid the salary of the librarian, and for the 
services of the janitor, for coal and other incidental expenses annually. 
He also made several other contributions. Quite as valuable, perhaps, as 
these gifts were his indefatigable personal services to the institution as 
Chairman and- Treasurer of the Standing Committee. 

Through the efforts of Dr. Cornell about $50,000 were secured for the 
library. These moneys were given, not to be invested, but to be spent, as 
soon as it could be judiciously done, in the purchase of books. The 



i;32 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

selection of books was made by a committee of the General Synod, con- 
sisting of Rev. Drs. T. W. Chambers, E. T. Corwin, C. D. Hartranft and 
Prof. Jacob Cooper, of Rutgers College, in connection with the Theological 
Professors. The library was also made accessible to the citizens of New 
Brunswick and others. Thus the Seminary became firmly established. 

In 1873 Mr. Nicholas T. Vedder of Utica, N. Y., proposed to endow a 
lectureship on "The Present Aspects of Modern Infidelity, including Its 
Cause and Cure." Between 1874 and 1890 several lectures by distinguished 
scholars on various phases of the subject were delivered, but as the income 
became unavailable they were discontinued. (See Manual of 1902, page 
176). Just at that time, however, a new lectureship was established. 
The Hon. N. F. Graves, of Syracuse, N. Y., provided for "Lectures on 
Missions" in 1888-9 and for several succeeding years. At his death in 1896 
he left $10,000 for the endowment of such Lectureship. The appointment 
on this foundation continues. The lecturers have been as follows : 

1888-9. Revs. Henry Stout. Cyrus Hamlin. D.D., L. W. Kip, D.D., E. 
M. Wheny, D.D., F. F. Ellinwood, D.D. 

1889-90. Rev. John Hall, D.D. 

1890-1. Rev. Arthur T, Pierson, D.D. 

1891-2. Rev. Alexander J. Gordon, D.D. 

1892-3. No lecture. 

1893-4. Rev. George Smith. C.E.I. 

1894-5. Rev. William Imbrie, D.D. 

1895-6. Rev. Chester D. Hartranft, D.D. 

1896-7. Revs. Joachim Elmendorf, D.D., F. S. Schenck, D.D., John 
Scudder, D.D., Henry Stout, E. P. Johnson. D.D. 

1897-8. Revs. S. M. Zwemer, A. C. de Wall, D.D.. C. L, Wells, D.D., 
M. H. Hutton, D.D., E. A. Collier, D.D. 

1898-9. Revs. Wilson Phraner, D.D. (four), William I. Chamberlain 
(one). 

1899- 1900. Rev. James F. Riggs, D.D. 

1900-1. Rev. George F. Pentecost, D.D. 

1901-2. Mr. Robert E. Speei^ 

1902-1903. Robert E. Speer. 

1903-1904. Rev. John H. Wyckofif, D.D. 

1906-1907. Rev. William R. Lambuth, D.D. 

1907-1908. Rev. Arthur Judson Brown, D.D. 
.1908-1909. Rev. James L. Barton, D.D. 

J1909-1910. Rev. Henry C. Mabie, D.D. 

1910-1911. Rev. Arthur H. Smith, D.D. 

1911-1912. John R. Mott, LL.D. 

1912-1913. Rev. William I. Chamberlain, D.D. 

1913-1914. Rev. Charles R. Watson. D.D. 

1914-1915. Rev. John P. Jones, D.D. 
^.1915-1916. Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D. 

1916-1917. Rev. G. Sherwood Eddy, D.D. 

1917-1918. Rev. J. C. R. Ewing, D.D. 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. 1 35 

1918-1919. Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D. 

1919-1920. Rev. William Bancroft Hill, D.D. 

1920-1921. Rev. Frank Eckerson. 

This emphasis on Missions is in keeping with the historic spirit of the 
institution, a Society of Inquiry having been founded in 181 1 among its 
students. From 1811-1820 this was known as the Berean Society. Many 
of its members have gone to the foreign field. Significant of this interest 
is it also that the Inter-Seminary Missionary Alliance, comprising all de- 
nominations, was inaugurated under the special auspices of this Seminary 
in 1880. 

During a long illness of Professor van Zandt in 1878 the Rev. Dr. T. W. 
Chambers served in his place. Professor van Zandt resigned in 1881 and 
six weeks later died. Rev. Dr. William V. V. Mabon was chosen his 
successor. In 1883 the long-desired fifth professorship was founded. Mr. 
Gardner A. Sage left $50,000 for such endowment. During 1883-4 the 
Rev. Drs. T. W. Chambers and E. T. Corwin served with Professor De 
Witt in the Exegetical Department, and the General Synod in 1884 con- 
stituted the new Professorship of "Old Testament Languages and 
Exegesis," Prof. De Witt remaining in the Chair of "Hellenistic Greek 
and New Testament Exegesis." Rev. Dr. John G. Lansing was chosen to 
the new chair. Just before his death Mr. Sage gave nearly $100,000 for 
various uses. Property improvement at this time included the erection 
in 1883 of the professorial residence provided for by Mr. James Suydam, 
and in 1891 of a librarian's Residence, with funds available from gifts 
of Mr. Sage. 

In 1883 the General Synod provided that the senior Professor, at that 
time Dr. Woodbridge, be called Dean, and be endowed with disciplinary 
powers as the Faculty might arrange. In 1884 a new curriculum, prepared 
by a committee of the preceding Synod's appointment, was approved, de- 
signed to keep the institution abreast of the times in theological training. 
In 1888 a new "Plan of the Seminary" was adopted, including this curri- 
culum. It changed the title of Dean to President and defined more clearly 
and with some amendments the government and procedure of the institu- 
tion. Since 1880 public Commencements have been held. 

The title of the fourth Professorship has been changed from that of 
"Pastoral Theology and Sacred Rhetoric" to that of "Practical Theology." 

The title of the historical professorship has been changed from that of 
"Ecclesiastical History and Church Government" to that of Sacred His- 
tory being included in the teaching of this department, and Church Gov- 
ernment being transferred from it to the department of Theology. 

The title of the theological professorship has been changed from that 
of Didactic and Polemic Theology" to that of "Systematic Theology." 

These changes were made by General Synod to conform to modern 
terminology and to define more accurately the work of the several pro- 
fessors as arranged under the enlarged curriculum. 

An event notable in the record is the celebration in 1884 of the Sem- 
inary's one hundredth anniversary. As the oldest theological school in the 
land, its centennial deserved and received peculiar interest within and 



134 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

without the demonination. An observance was proposed in the Synod in 
i88i. The next year a committee, consisting of Rev. Drs. P. D. van Cleef, 
J. H. Suydam, and D. N. Vanderveer, was appointed. Their plan, partially 
reported in 1883, was in detail adopted in 1884. A committee on endow- 
ment was appointed to act coincidently, and a co-operating committee was 
appointed by the Alumni Association. The celebration was held on the 
28th and 29th of October, 1884, in the First and Second Reformed 
Churches of New Brunswick, and was a great success. 

At the close a committee was appointed to publish the proceedings, 
including addresses and other matter of historical value. 

The committee thus appointed. Rev. Prof. D. D. Demarest, D.D., Rev. 
Dr. P. D. van Cleef, and Rev. Dr. E. T. Corwin, issued the "Centennial 
Volume." This is not only a record of the centennial occasion, but an in- 
valuable resume of the rich historical material attaching unto the hundred 
years' life of the institution, a monument of accomplished and painstaking 
research and compilation.' 

About this time, 1885-6-7, the Museum began to grow. It was especially 
fostered by Professor Lansing, who made for it many valuable acquisitions 
from the East, especiaUy Egypt. Through others also came gifts of 
interest. 

In 1888 changes were made in Suydam Hall, providing an excellent room 
for the Museum. Later an additional room was assigned for Historical 
Material. A fund left by Mr. John S. Bussing has been set aside for its 
upkeep and for occasional purchase of important items. Gifts from Mis- 
sion Fields, from old Dutch families, from individuals, notably Mrs. E. E. 
Olcott, have multiplied, and it is now a definite factor in the educational 
work of the Seminary. It is opened to the public at stated times and has 
many visitors. Dr. Gillespie is Curator. 

The last decade of the nineteenth century was peculiarly marked by 
changes in the Faculty, almost as many as in all the earlier course of the 
half-century. In 1892 Professor De Witt resigned after twenty-nine years 
of service, having honored the Seminary not only with his long-continued, 
scholarly class-room work, but as well by his translation of the Psalms, 
and by his esteemed membership in the American Committee on the Re- 
vision of the Old Testament. The Rev. Dr. James F. Riggs was elected 
his successor. Later in the same year Professor Mabon died, after eleven 
years of the most mature and through professorial work. In 1893 Rev. Dr. 
J. Preston Searle was elected his successor. In 1898 Professor Riggs re- 
signed and the Rev. John H. Gillespie was elected his successor. In the 
same year, after the closing of the Seminary and the adjournment of 
Synod, and after but a week's illness, Professor Demarest, beloved Pro- 
fessor for thirty-three years, died, having served the Seminary not only in 
the class-room, but conspicuously in its administration, as Secretary of the 
Faculty; and having served the entire Reformed Church with his authorita- 
tive writings upon its Standards and History. In December of the same 
year Professor Lansing, after fourteen years of service marked by great 



'Centennial of the Theolog-ical Seminary of the Reformed Church in 
America, 1784-1884. 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. I35 

ability and intense work, but by long and serious ill-health, resigned. The 
General Synod of 1899, in the two elections thus devolving upon it, chose 
the Rev. Dr. Ferdinand S. Schenck to the chair of Practical Theology, the 
Rev. Dr. John H. Raven to the Old Testament chair. Then, as the new 
century opened, came the resignation of Professor Woodbridge, whose 
fortieth anniversary as Professor had been nobly celebrated in 1897, who 
for a long time had been Dean or President of the Faculty, the impress of 
whose life and teachings is upon all the Church. In 1901 the Rev. Dr. W. 
H. S. Demarest was elected Professor of Church History and Dr. Wood- 
bridge was declared Emeritus. The Synod, however, continued him in 
such service as he might find it possible to perform. He died in 1905. 

In 1902 Professor Searle was elected Dr. Woodbridge's successor as 
President of the Faculty. 

In 1906 Professor W. H. S. Demarest resigned to become President of 
Rutgers College. He was succeeded by Rev. Edward Payson Johnson, 
D.D., who still holds the Professorship of Ecclesiastical History and 
Church Government. 

Because of physical infirmity Dr. Gillespie resigned his chair of 
Hellenistic Creek and New Testament Exegesis in 191 1 but continued in 
the Seminary as Instructor in New Testament Criticism and Missions. 
He was succeeded by the Rev. Joseph Frederic Berg, Ph.D., D.D., a 
grandson of the former Professor of the same name. He continued in 
office until 1917 when he resigned to re-enter the pastorate. Rev. John 
W. Beardslee, Ph.D., D.D., was elected to the office and still continues in it. 

In 1894 the "Plan of the Seminary" was amended, and the method of 
electing Professors changed. The right of nomination to the General 
Synod was accorded to the Classes, but by a subsequent change the Board 
of Superintendents was directed to make a nomination for the vacancy 
to which General Synod at its option could add an additional one. The 
Classical nominations ceased. 

In 1893 a scheme of special study leading to the degree of Bachelor of 
Divinity was added to the curriculum. Rutgers College conferred this 
degree upon graduates of the Seminary whom the Seminary faculty 
certified to be qualified therefor by the completion of a prescribed extra 
course of study. In 1904 the basis of this degree was changed to a year of 
post graduate study, in residence, and including one major and at least 
two minor courses of study. 

Efficiency in instruction has been promoted and wider reach of the 
Professor's work attained through the printing, since 1893, of various 
Seminary lectures and outlines. More than ten publications have been 
made, including five or six text books, and the important Biographical 
Record of the Seminary compiled by Professor Raven and issued in 191 1. 

At first funds for such printing were variously provided, but in 1901 the 
"Rev. Dr. Archibald Laidlie Memorial Fund" of $5,000 was given by a 
descendant of Dr. Laidlie, the income to be used for this purpose. 

The Library has steadily increased, through purchase and donation. 
It now contains over 56,000 volumes and 10,000 pamphlets. Each alcove 
on the main floor has been endowed as a memorial in the sum of $1,500 
less $200 expended for a memorial window. The totals are included in 



136 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

the Alcove Endowment Fund, and the beautiful room has been further 
graced by its interesting and beautiful windows. The Library is open to 
students and the public morning and afternoon and five evenings a week. 
John C. Van Dyke, L.H.D., has been librarian since 1878. He is also 
Professor of the History of Art in Rutgers College and the author of sev- 
eral books on art and nature. His "Notes on the Sage Library" first 
published in 1888 and since revised, give an account of the rare and special 
treasures of this Library. 

In 1895 the Standing Committee on Grounds and Property, by action of 
General Synod was made to consist of the entire faculty, together with 
five members chosen by the Synod. Recently Synod has increased the 
number of laymen on the committee to six, in classes of two each, with 
three year terms for each class. The office of Rector of Hertzog Hall was 
abolished. A Superintendent of Property was appointed under authority of 
the Standing Committee. 

The necessity of extra gifts for ordinary matters, arising about 1895 
displayed the serious financial situation which then confronted the Sem- 
inar}'. No large gift for the general endowment had been received since 
the gifts of Mr. Suydarrt and Mr. Sage, except the bequest in 1886 of 
Colonel Egbert Silvernail of Gallatin, N. Y., amounting to $23,000. Be- 
cause of the fall in interest rates the income of the Seminary became 
$5,000 less than formerly. 

The General Synod of 1897 appointed a Committee on Seminary Finance, 
composed of representatives from the Board of Direction, the Board of 
Superintendents and the Standing Committee. Rev. Dr. James Demarest 
was employed as Financial Agent, with the purpose of securing $250,000 
new endowment. 

The results, as the Committee has continued its work, have, under the 
divine blessing, exceeded expectations. More than $300,000 have been 
added to the endowments, and nearly $25,000 have been given for current 
repairs and expenses. The professors, all of whom voluntarily surrendered 
$500 of their salaries to aid in the crisis, have been released from further 
sacrifice of the kind. Three lectorships, in Missions, in the English Bible, 
in Biblical Theology ; and three instructorships, in Music, in Elocution, 
and in Christian Education, have been added to the five full professorships, 
thus widening and varying the course of training. Synod proposes to add 
a sixth Chair, that of the English Bible and Christian Education when there 
shall be a comparatively small addition to the income already available 
for its support and when funds shall be supplied for the building of a 
house for the new professor. The late Mr. John S. Bussing has made 
provision for a future Chair of Biblical Theology, in addition to the 
many smaller gifts made in his lifetime and inspiring many others to give. 

The late Ralph Voorhees was an early contributor and his gift of $25,000 
was the first large one to be received. Airs. Ann Farwell Carver, niece of 
Mrs. Ann Hertzog, bequeathed $25,000 for Library Endowment, and the 
mansion of her Aunt, to be sold and the proceeds to constitute an Ann 
Hertzog Memorial Fund, the income of which was to be used for the 
comfort and instruction of the students in Hertzog Hall. The net pro- 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. I37 

ceeds of this sale were about $70,000. General Synod has directed that 
the first $1,000 of this income shall be applied to the maintenance of 
Hertzog Hall and the balance to the support of the Chair of English Bible 
and Christian Education. Pending the securing of sufficient funds for a 
full salary and securing a house for the professor the Synod has ordered 
that an instructorship in Christian Education and a lectorship in the Eng- 
lish Bible should be supported from this income, and that during the 
period of high prices for fuel and labor another $1,000 should be paid for 
the care of Hertzog Hall. The remaining balance of income is being 
added to the principal which will thus soon be able to carry a full pro- 
fessorial salary. 

Many smaller gifts have made possible the decent care of the build- 
ings and the now beautiful campus even during the period of inflated 
prices, and will make possible in normal conditions a program of improve- 
ment which our older structures will require. 

Hertzog Hall, the Library, and three of the houses are lighted by 
electricity and all but the librarian's house are heated by steam. 

The property occupied by Dr. Raven, having become impossible as a 
residence, has been sold. All the vacant lots, abutting on the northern side 
of the campus have been purchased, giving adequate and convenient sites 
for the three houses which will be ultimately needed, for the Old Testa- 
ment Professor, and the occupants of the proposed new Chairs. 

The Catskill Church has given a fund of $5,000 for "administration and 
special lectures." The Lectureship on the Christian Ministry has thus 
been maintained. The Lecturers have been as follows: 

1905. Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, D.D. > 

1906. " David J. Burrell, D.D. 

1907. " Edward B. Coe, D.D. 

1908. " Hugh Black, D.D. 

1909. " Herman Bavinck, D.D. 

1910. " Newell Dwight Hillis, D.D. 

191 1. '■ S. Parkes Cadman. D.D. 

1912. " A. V. V. Raymond, D.D. 

1914. " James R. Howerton. D. D. 

191 5. ■' Rockwell Harmon Potter. D.D. 

1917. " Floyd W. Tompkins, D.D. 

1918. " John Timothy Stone, D.D. 

1919. ■' Cornelius Woelfkin, D.D. 
19J0. " Walter W. Moore, D.D. 

The Alumni Association which maintains a vigorous life and an annual 
reunion is raising its own fund for a Fellowship and has paid in over 
$8,000. 

Since 1917 this Association has ordered that a portion of the income of 
their increasing Endowment Fund should be appropriated for the support 
of a Lectureship relating especially to the practical problems of the church. 

These Lecturers have been : 

1917. Rev. Edwin Lee Earp, D.D. 

1918. Kenyon L. Butterfield, LL.D. 

1919. Rev. William R. Taylor, D.D. 



138 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1920. " Charles R. Brown, D.D. 

1921. " Harris E. Kirk, D.D. 

In 1908 Miss Anna M. Sandham established the George Augustus Sand- 
ham Scholarship Fund amounting to $4,000, the income of which for one 
year is to be paid in three annual instalments to that member of the Junior 
Class who is adjudged to have done the best work in the Junior Year. 

The Alida Van Schaick Graduate Scholarship has been established 
yielding about $500 to a student approved by the Board of Education, 
recommended by the Faculty, who has maintained a definite high standard 
of scholarship in every department of the Seminary throughout the full 
three years' course. The Board of Education holds and administers this 
Fund. 

The Seminary now has, in all, $681,000 of invested funds of which 
$103,000 are Library Funds ; $340,000 are Professorial Funds ; $103,000 for 
the care of the property; $35,000 special funds; and a general fund of 
$25,000. 

The most pressing financial needs today are : 

I. $35,000 for the erection of an addition to Sage Library which has 
proper shelf room for only 40,000 of its 56,000 volumes. This addition 
can be named as the donor desires. 

IL Funds to build houses for the sixth Professorship, for the Old Testa- 
ment Professorship, and for the seventh Professorship. 

in. Increase of the Property Fund, (income applicable to the point of 
greatest need) to $40,000. 

The present Faculty comprises : 
Rev. J. Preston Searle, D.D., James Suydam Professor of Systematic 

Theology. President of the Faculty. 
Rev. Ferdinand S. Schenck, D.D., LL.D.. Professor of Practical Theology. 
Rev. John Howard Raven, D.D., Gardner A. Sage Professor of Old 

Testament Languages and Exegesis. 
Rev. Edward P. Johnson, D.D., Professor of Sacred and Ecclesiastical 

History. Secretary of the Faculty. 
Rev. John W. Beardslee, Ph.D., D.D., Thomas De Witt Professor of 

Hellenistic Greek and New Testament Exegesis. 

professors and lectors in connection with the first theological 

seminary of the reformed church in AMERICA. AT NEW YORK AND FLAT- 
bush, i784-181o. at new brunswick, n. j., since 181o. 
Professors elected by the (old) Provisional Synod. 
Rev. John H. Livingston, D.D., Professor of Didactic Theology, etc., New 

York and Flatbush, 1784-1810. 
Rev. Hermanus Meyer, D.D., Professor of Languages at Pompton Plains, 

1784-91 ; Lector in Theology at Pompton Plains, 1786-91. 
Rev. Solomon Froeligh, D.D., Lector in Theology at Hackensack, New 

Jersey, 1792-7. 
Rev. Dirck Romeyn, D.D., Lector in Theology at Schenectady, N. Y., 

1792-7. 
Professors elected by the General Synod. (Constituted 1794). 



THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J. I39 

Rev. Solomon Froeligh, D.D., Professor of Didactic Theology, Hacken- 
sack, N. J., 1797-1822. 

Rev. Dirck Romeyn, D.D., Professor of Didactic Theology at Schenectady, 
N. Y., 1797-1804. 

Rev. John H. Livingston, D.D., Permanent Professor of Didactic The- 
ology at New York, 1804-10; at New Brunswick, 1810-25. (See Min- 
utes of General Synod, 1804, pp. 334-5, 339. 340. Also Centennial of 
the Seminary, p. 362). 

Rev. John Bassett, D.D., Teacher of Hebrew at Boght, Schoharie Co., 
and at Albany, N. Y., 1804-12. 

Rev. Jeremiah Romeyn, D.D., Professor of Hebrew at Linlithgo, Harlem, 
Schoharie, and Woodstock, 1804-6. 

Seminary at New Brunswick, N. J. (1810). 

Rev. John M. van Harlingen, D.D., Professor of Hebrew and Ecclesi- 
astical History, 1812-13. 

Rev. John Schureman, D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Church 
Government, and Pastoral Duties, 1815-18. 

Rev. John Ludlow, D.D., Professor of Biblical Literature and Ecclesi- 
astical History, 1819-23. 

Rev. John De Witt, D.D., Professor of Biblical Literature and Ecclesi- 
astical History, 1823-25; Professor of Biblical Literature, 1825-31. 

Rev. Philip Milledoler, D.D., Professor of Didactic and Polemic The- 
ology, 1825-41. 

Rev. Selah S. WoodhulL- D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History, 
Church Government, and Pastoral Theology, 1825-26. 

Rev. James S. Cannon, D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History, Church 
Government, and Pastoral Theology, 1826-52. 

Rev. Alexander McClelland, D.D., Professor of Biblical Literature. 
1832-51. 

Rev. Samuel A. Van Vranken, D.D., Professor of Didactic and Polemic 
Theology, 1841-61. 

Rev. William H. Campbell, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Biblical Literature. 
1851-63. 

Rev. John Ludlow, D.D., Professor of Pastoral Theology, Ecclesiastical 
History, and Church Government, 1852-57. 

Rev. Samuel M. Woodbridge, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Pastoral Theology, 
Ecclesiastical History, and Church Government, 1857-65. Professor of 
Ecclesiastical History and Church Government, 1865-1901. Emeritus, 
1901-1905. 

Rev. Joseph F. Berg, D.D., Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology, 
1861-71. 

Rev. John De Witt, D.D., LL.D., Litt. D., Professor of Biblical Literature, 
1863-84. Professor of Hellenistic Greek and New Testament Exe- 
gesis, 1884-92. 

Rev. David D. Demarest, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Pastoral Theology 
and Sacred Rhetoric, 1865-98. 

Rev. Abr.\h.\m B. van Z.\ndt. D.D., LL.D., Professor of Didactic and 
Polemic Theology, 1872-81. Emeritus Professor of Didactic and 
Polemic Theology, 1881. 



140 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Rev. William V. V. Mabon, D. D., LL.D., Professor of Didactic and 
Polemic Theology, 1881-92. 

Rev. John G. Lansing, D.D., Professor of Old Testament Languages and 
Exegesis, 1884-98. 

Rev. James F. Riggs, D.D., Professor of Hellenistic Greek and New Testa- 
ment Exegesis, 1892-98. 

Rev. John Preston Searle, D.D., Professor of Didactic and Polemic The- 
ology, 1893. 

Rev. John H. Gillespie, D.D., Professor of Hellenistic Greek and New 
Testament Exegesis, 1898-1911. 

Rev. Ferdinand S. Schenck, D.D., Professor of Practical Theology, 1899. 

Rev. John H. Raven, D.D., Professor of Old Testament Languages and 
Exegesis, 1899. 

Rev. William H. S. Demarest, D.D., Professor of Ecclesiastical History 
and Church Government, 1901-1906. 

Rev. Edward Payson Johnson, D.D.. Professor of Sacred and Ecclesi- 
astical History, 1906 — 

Rev. J. Frederic Berg, Ph.D., D.D., Professor of Hellenistic Greek and 
New Testament Exegesis, 1911-1917. 

Rev. John W. Beardslee, Jr., Ph.D., D.D., Professor of Hellenistic Greek 
and New Testament Exegesis. 1917 — 

Temporary Assistants. 

Rev. Peter Studdiford, Listructor in Hebrew, 1812-14. 

Rev. James S. Cannon, D.D., Instructor in Ecclesiastical History, Church 

Government, and Pastoral Theology, 1818-19. 
Rev. John S. Mabon, Instructor in Hebrew and Greek, 1818-19. 
Rev. Alexander McClelland, D.D., Instructor in Hebrew, 1831-32. 
Rev. George W. Bethune, D.D., Lecturer on Pulpit Eloquence, 1857-58. 
Rev. Prof. Samuel N. Woodbridge, D.D., LL.D., Instructor in Didactic and 

Polemic Theology, 1871-72. 
Rev. Talbot W. Chambers, D.D., LL.D.. Assistant Instructor in New 

Testament Exegesis, 1883-84. 
Rev. Edward T. Corwin, D.D., Assistant Instructor in Hebrew and Old 

Testament Exegesis, 1883-4. Jan. -Mar., 1889. Jan. -Feb., 1890. Sept., 

1890-May, 1891. New Testament Exegesis, Jan. -May, 1892. 
Rev. John H. Raven, D.D., Instructor in Old Testament Languages and 

Exegesis, 1898-99. 
Rev. Abel Henry Huizinga, Ph.D., Instructor in Old Testament Lan- 
guages and Exegesis, 1902-03. 
Rev. Joseph F. Berg, Ph.D., D.D., Lector in Biblical Theology and Sacred 

History, 1905-11. 
Rev. Mancius H. Hutton, D.D., Instructor in Hellenistic Greek and New 

Testament Exegesis, 1907. 
Rev. Simon Blocker, Lector in Biblical Theology, 1917 — 
Rev. John W. Beardslee, D.D., LL.D., Acting Lector in Exegesis of the 

English Bible, 1917-21 
Edward P. St John, A.M., Pd.M., Instructor in Christian Education, 1919 — 



CHAPTER XX. 
UNIOX COLLEGE AND THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 

BY REV. WILLIAM N. P. DAILEY. 

Union College, no less than Rutgers, is a child of the Reformed Church 
in America. From the time when nearly a thousand of the citizens of 
Albany, Tyron, and Charlotte counties, in 1779, petitioned the New York 
Legislature for a college charter, to the present day, Union College and 
the Reformed Church have been vitally related. For a long period after 
Union's charter was finally granted (1795), the college at Schenectady 
furnished as many students for the New Brunswick Seminary as did 
Queen's, later Rutgers, at New Brunswick. 

The Reformed Church in America has ever been a church of culture, 
not that its first motive, the spiritual, has been neglected, nor that it has 
ever ceased to follow its glorious Leader, in going to every creature in all 
the world, — but it has always contended that the fruits of the indwelling 
Spirit of God might well be blended with the humanities, that religion 
and science, reasonably associated, will dispel the darkness and drive away 
the superstition that often holds men. 

The Revolutionary War had not yet been brought to a conclusion when 
the men of Dutch descent in the valleys of the Mohawk, and of the upper 
Hudson, urged on by Rev. Dirck Romeyn, pastor of the old First (Dutch) 
Reformed Church of Schenectady (1784-1806), began to plan for an 
academy for the "classical and scientific training of the young." Already 
petitions for a college, in 1779 and 1782, had been refused by the Legisla- 
ture. The Academy, financially backed by the Dutch church, was built in 
1785. The Union College charter was granted on Feb. 25, 1795, and the 
Academy became the first home of the college. 

Rev. Dr. Dirck Romeyn was the founder of Union College. Born in 
1744 at Hackensack, N. J., he graduated from the College of New Jersey 
in 1765, and after pastorates in several churches, went to Schenectady 
where the great work of his life was accomplished. Twice he declined 
the presidency of Queen's College, and, later, refused the presidency of the 
college newly founded at Schenectady. He was deeply interested in the 
plan to found a State University in New York, and when this failed he 
devoted his energies to the establishment of the Schenectady Academy 
which grew- into Union College. 

Union College, the second chartered institution of its kind in New York, 
the first west of the Hudson River, and at that time the only one con- 

141 



142 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

fessedly non-denominational in America, was the outcome of nearly a 
century of education in Schenectady, beginning as far back as the days of 
Rev. Peter Tesschenmaeker, who came to the Dutch church there in 
1682, the first recorded schoolmaster, who suffered death in the massacre 
there of 1690. He was a graduate of Utrecht in 1671, and was followed 
in the church and school by Rev. Godfreidus Dellius (Leyden 1672), who 
was succeeded by Rev. Bernardus Freeman. 

The spirit of the movement for a college, and its outcome, was kindred 
to the spirit that prevailed in the mother country, Holland, when, in 1574, 
at the close of the most terrible siege in human history, the people of 
Leyden, triumphant over their foes, having been offered the perpetual 
gift of an annual fair or the founding of university, chose the latter ; 
it was the spirit that provoked John of Nassau, eldest brother of William 
Prince of Orange, to urge upon the States General the adoption of free 
schools everywhere ; it was the spirit that Holland showed at the close 
of eighty years conflict for civil and religious liberty, to tolerate all na- 
tions of men, including her former enemies. 

In this spirit the founders of Union College, in large measure allied 
with the Dutch church, petitioned for a college at Schenectady to answer 
"the loud call for men of learning to fill the several offices of church and 
state," and in the charter granted they asked that it be provided that no 
order or rule or ordinance of the institution should ever "exclude any 
person of any religious denomination whatever from equal liberty and 
advantage of education or from any of the degrees, liberties, privileges, 
benefits or immunities of the said College, on account of his particular 
tenets of religion." The seal of the college bears a cross with the mottoes 
above and below, in necessariis unitas and in dubiis libertas, while upon the 
cross, besides the character of Christus, is the motto, in omnibus caritas. 

The establishment of Union College at Schenectady was not without 
great opposition from other localities, and it was due to the zeal and 
influence of Rev. Dr. Dirck Romeyn that the location was finally de- 
termined upon as is borne out by a letter, written many years afterward 
by Gov. De Witt Clinton, who at the time of granting the charter was the 
Secretary of the University of New York. In this letter he writes that 
powerful opposition was made by Albany, but the weight and respectability 
of Dr. Romeyn's character procured a decision in favor of Schenectady. 
He says that Gov. Geo. Clinton and Gen. Schuyler, who were almost 
always in opposition to each other, were united on this question. It was 
at a meeting of the Regents of the University in New York that Rev. Dr. 
Romeyn of the Dutch Church realized one of the greatest ambitions of his 
life, the founding of a college in the valley of the Mohawk. 

Union College, in the making of men, has especially shone in the output 
of her graduates who have felt called to take up the work of the Christian 
ministry, of whom there have been upwards of fifteen hundred. More 
than a hundred of these have entered the seminary at New Brunswick. 
Up to the year 1840 there were as many graduates of Union College in 
New Brunswick Seminary as there were from Rutgers. Of the faculty 



UNION COLLEGE AND THE CHURCH IN AMERICA I43 

of the Seminary, besides Rev. Dr. Romeyn, the founder of the College, 
there were Professors Ludlow, De Witt, McClelland, Van Vranken, Van 
Zandt, Lansing, and Alabon, all alumni of Union, and Dr. Nott, even, 
taught Theology to men who entered the ministry of the Reformed Church. 

Glancing over the names of the first appointed trustees one might think it 
was a Reformed Dutch Church Institution. It might even have looked more 
so were it not for the wise forethought of its founders who embodied in 
the charter the provision that no one religious body should at any time 
have a majority in the board of trustees. But of the thirty-three trustees 
nearly one-half were by descent or ecclesiastical connection, or both, allied 
with the Reformed Church. There were Robert, Abraham, Joseph C. 
(later, Governor of New York), and John Yates, (three of them from 
Schenectady), Abraham Ten Broeck, Stephen van Rensselaer (the 
patroon), John Glen, Rev. Dirck Romeyn, Nicholas Veeder, James Shuter, 
Isaac Vrooman, Rev. Jas. V. C. Romeyn (nephew of Dr. Romeyn), Dirck 
Ten Broeck, Guert van Schoonhoven, Philip S. van Rensselaer, and there 
might have been two or three more for aught we know. 

The first president of the College was Rev. John Blair Smith, a graduate 
of Princeton. Associated with him on the faculty was Rev. Andrew Yates 
(Yale, 1793), who had studied theology under Dr. Livingston, for half 
a century a minister of the Reformed Church, and serving many of the 
churches in the Mohawk valley while teaching. The third professor was 
Cornelius H. van der Heuvel. a Hollander. The first class of 1797 num- 
bered four men, all of whom entered the ministry, three, Revs. Thomas 
Romeyn, Cornelius D. Scherm^rhorn, and John L. Zabriskie spending their 
entire life in the Reformed Church. 

In 1799 the Rev. Jonathan Edwards, the younger, became the second 
president, and died in office in 1801. He was succeeded by Rev. Jonathan 
Maxcy, a graduate of Brown, a Baptist, who resigned because of ill health 
in 1804, to be followed in the office by Rev. Eliphalet Nott, also of Brown, 
at the time pastor of a Presbyterian church in Albany. N. Y. Dr. Nott's 
accession to the presidency of Union College was the determining event 
in the history of the institution for nearly a century, since he held the posi- 
tion for sixty-two years, the longest administration in the history of 
American colleges. The college took on at once a new and aggres- 
sive life, and the spirit of liberty in which it had been founded bore 
fruit abundantly. A man of commanding appearance, of inspiring personal- 
ity, progressive in spirit and of tireless energy, his practical and vigorous 
administration of the college soon brought it to a place of commanding 
importance and influence among the institutions of the country, while its 
graduates exceeded for many years those of the older colleges. 

President Nott believed that religion and education should be in- 
separable allies in the development of the manhood that the nation needed, 
in both state .and church. He may be justly called the pioneer of modern 
educational progress in America, for Union College was the first to break 
away from the traditions of the old World, which had been in large 
measure followed by the institutions in the west, and to introduce new 



144 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

courses of study that better fitted men for the varied pursuits of life. As 
early as 1809 a course of study in Modern Languages was adopted. In 1828 
the first Scientific Course in any American college was instituted. In 1845 
a Civil Engineering Course was added to this, anticipatory of the demand 
for technical training, which almost every other institution of higher 
education in America has since recognized. Dr. Nott's fame as a con- 
summate teacher of youth spread to all parts of the land ; his rare personal 
magnetism, his tolerant spirit in discipline, his wise counsel in the affairs 
of the individual student, these won the hearts of the undergraduates, 
inspired them to study, and gave them high and worthy ambition to lead 
honored lives of usefulness among their fellows. 

These radical departures from the traditions of the day, giving a larger 
liberty to the student life, emphasizing the place of moral restraint in the 
necessary discipline, adoption of technical courses of study for life's prac- 
tical affairs, and over all the gentle but firm guidance of the presiding 
genius of the institution, Dr. Nott, not only tended toward academic and 
personal freedom, but it placed the educational emphasis on practical 
training and provoked a self-reliant and democratic spirit. The results, 
naturally, were witnessed jn the large number of Union College men who 
were distinguished in the State and Church. By i860 it had become a 
national institution, young men coming to it from every part of the 
country, the South, especially, being a great contributor. In 1830 Union 
College had passed Columbia, Yale, and Harvard, in the number of 
students, and for a quarter of a century was the most famous college in 
the States. Because of the Civil War, and the death soon after of Dr. 
Nott, the college began to decline in number of students and in influence. 
The successors of Dr. Nott in the presidency were Rev. Laurens P. Hickok, 
a member of the Class of 1820 of the College, which class numbered among 
its members. Dr. Tayler Lewis, the eminent orientalist and Biblical critic, 
and Gov. William H. Seward ; when Dr. Hickok resigned in 1868 the Rev. 
Charles A. Aiken, professor of Latin Language and Literature in the 
College of New Jersey, was elected, serving two years ,• he was followed by 
Rev. Dr. Eliphalet Nott Potter, grandson of Dr. Nott, under whose ad- 
ministration the college was greatly strengthened and Union University 
formed (1873) ; with the election of Dr. Potter to the presidency of 
Hobart in 1884, the first layman was inducted into the office, Harrison E. 
Webster, M.D.. LL.D., this was in 1888, and he remained until 1894, when 
the Rev. Andrew V. V. Raymond, a graduate of New Brunswick Seminary, 
1878, was elected. 

In the coming of Dr. Raymond to the presidency of Union College a 
new era of prosperity ensued, and substantial gains were made in both 
students and endowment. An electrical course was instituted in which 
the General Electrical Company has vested relationships. But while the 
college is thus meeting satisfactorily the increasing demand for technical 
training, it has not swerved from its older academic traditions ; classical 
and scientific courses are still maintained which are intended to impart a 
liberal culture rather than to prepare directly for any particular profession 



UNION COLLEGE AND THE CHURCH IN AMERICA I45 

or occupation. With its heritage of inspiring traditions, its sound financial 
condition, its unexcelled curriculum, its increasing patronage, the college 
was ready, on the resignation of Dr. Raymond in 1907 (to re-enter the 
pastorate) for the accession to the presidency of Rev. Dr. Charles Alexan- 
der Richmond who was called from an Albany Presbyterian church in 
1908, and under whose efficient administration Union College stands to-day 
second to no other of all the institutions of learning in our country as a 
maker of men. 

The vision of the men who in that far off day laid the foundations of 
Union College is being realized in the character and conduct of her sons 
who from the beginning have been fitted "to fill the several offices of church 
and state." Perhaps in no way has this been better evidenced than in the 
part that has been played by its graduates in the Christian ministry, and 
of this spirit of service the Reformed Church in America has had no small 
share. At least a seventh of all the men who have left Union College to 
enter the ministry have found their life work in the Reformed Church in 
America. Of these and others we may briefly speak. Fifty college and 
university presidents are among the graduates, among the institutions 
sharing in this contribution being Brown, Bowdoin, Colgate, Hobart, Hope, 
Knox, Michigan University, New York University, Iowa University, 
Miami, University of Pennsylvania, Trinity, and William and Mary. In 
the higher education for women Union College, perhaps has no rival, for 
she gave of her graduates first presidents to four of these pioneer institu- 
tions, Elmira, Rutgers Female College, Vassar, and Smith. Dr. Seelye of 
the Class of '57 being still president emeritus of the last named. In 
theological education her influence has been equally effective; three of the 
founders of Union Seminary were her sons; she has provided presidents 
for Drew, Hamilton, Hartford, Heidelberg, the Lutheran, New Brunswick, 
and Union seminaries, and the Philadelphia and DeLancey Divinity 
Schools. And in the moulding of men for the sacred ministry she has 
given of her graduates teachers to Auburn, Hartford, Columbia (S. C), 
Louisville, McCormick, Berkeley, Rochester, Seabury, Western, Omaha, and 
the German Reformed seminaries. From Union College have come 
bishops for the Episcopal Church in New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, 
Connecticut, Indiana, Long Island, Colorado, Chicago, and the Philippines. 

In missionary annals Union College particularly evidences her part in 
the betterment of the world. She has trained executive secretaries for the 
American Board, for the American and Foreign Christian Union, for the 
Boards of Foreign Missions in the Presbyterian Church, North and South, 
and in our own Reformed Church ; for the Baptist Publication Society, 
for the Boards of Education in the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches, 
and for the American Sunday School Union, not the least of whom is Dr. 
E. W. Rice, Class '54, its greatest worker and historian, still abiding in 
influence. Rev. Dr. Alexander of New York, present president of Presby- 
terian Board of Foreign Missions, had two predecessors who were Union 
College men. Two Union men, Samuel Nott of the Class of 1808 and 
Samuel J. Mills of the Class of 1809 (though not a graduate), were, in- 



146 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

directly, the founders of the American Board of Commissioners, with which 
Board the Reformed Church in America was associated for more than a 
quarter of a century. Samuel Nott was one of the first three foreign mis- 
sionaries to leave America, while the work of Samuel J. Mills culminated" 
in the formation of the American Bible Society. The founder of the 
Arabian Mission was Rev. Dr. Lansing of Union, Class '75, son of Rev. 
Gulian Lansing, Union '47, missionary to Egypt, while the pioneer mis- 
sionary to Arabia from the Reformed Church in America was James 
Cantine of the Class of '83, and now after thirty years still doing valiant 
service there and realizing the unique vision of his seminary days. The 
first permanent mission in Siam was founded by three Union College men, 
who, although ordered home by their Board, owing to the enmity of the 
people, dared to stay and finally won the gratitude of the king. Union 
College has sent sixteen of her men to India, including Robert W. Hume, 
eleven to China, among whom was John L. Nevius, from whom Elbert 
Nevius, the Reformed Church missionary to Borneo, received his in- 
spiration, seven men to Syria, four to Turkey, seven to Africa, and a score 
of others to follow the path first blazed by Samuel Nott. In the centre of 
a population of half a mUlion, where the Reformed Church in America is 
strong in membership. Union College, with her academic traditions and 
modern scientific impulse, is destined to continue her age long influence and 
relationship with that denomination. 



CHAPTER XXI. 
HISTORY OF HOPE COLLEGE. 

BY REV. S. C. NETTINGA, D.D., PROF. OF HISTORICAL THEOLOGY IN THE W.T.S., R.C.A. 

Hope College is a child of faith. The Holland immigrants of 1847 
and subsequent years, who laid the foundations, were to a large extent, a 
deeply religious people. Being persecuted for their faith they came to the 
"Land of the Free" that they might, like so many others before and since, 
worship God as their conscience dictated. 

Over against the formalism of the day in their native land, they em- 
phasized the evangelical truths and the primacy of the Christian experi- 
ence in religious life, also a strict observance of the Sabbath-day and the 
importance of family worship. 

This is evident not only from their life in general but also from their 
persistence in the face of the greatest obstacles relative to the institution, 
the opposition of some, and the indifference of others. 

In view of this predominant characteristic of their life we are not sur- 
prised that within less than three years of their settlement at Holland, 
Mich., in the midst of the mighty forest, with little or no capital, these 
people already speak of a school for the training of their children to fit 
them for positions of usefulness. 

Yet such is the fact. In the spring of 1848 the Classis of Holland already 
discussed the general educational interests. In September of the same 
year the duty of supporting the schools on the part of the church was again 
urged. 

All this was but natural. Real, vital and evangelical Christianity and 
education have always gone hand in hand and the Hollanders have always 
been outstanding exponents of that fact. 

Providential Preparation. 

Fortunately for those heroic men and women and the cause of higher 
Christian education among them, providential preparation had already been 
made, whereby their hopes and desires were made possible. 

The Reformed Church in America true to her historic instinct, solicitous 
of conserving its people moving from the Eastern states to the rapidly 
growing West, had already begun home missionary work in Michigan 
and Illinois, several years previous to the coming of the new immi- 
grants to Holland, Mich., in 1847. As early as 1836 we read of a re- 
quest from the Classis of Schoharie to General Synod on the subject of 
establishing a theological seminary and college and a preparatory school 

147 



148 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

in the valley of the Mississippi in answer to which General Synod re- 
solved, "That a committee of two persons be appointed by the Board of 
Domestic Missions of the General Synod to visit the Western states and 
the territory of Michigan and report on the expediency of establishing 
missionary stations for the benefit of those formerly connected with our 
church and for their children." In 1843 Synod's attention was again called 
to the importance of Christian education in the West, upon which it 
recommended "the creating and sustaining of schools of a superior grade 
which should afford a good and thorough education and inculcate the 
principles of pure morality and sound religion." And so extensive had the 
missionary work in the West become by this time that the Classis of 
Illinois and Michigan had already been organized. In this way the mind 
of the church was prepared for the actual work. 

The Beginning. 

The actual beginning may be dated from 1850. In that year Rev. John 
Garretson, recently appointed Corresponding Secretary of the Board of 
Domestic Missions, visited the Holland Colony in Michigan and con- 
ferred with its leader, -Dr. A. C. Van Raalte, a man of high ideals and 
deeply interested in higher Christian education, being himself university 
trained. Dr. Garretson not only brought back a favorable report but also 
drew up a plan for a school at Holland, the object of which should be 
"To prepare sons of the colonists from Holland for Rutgers College, and 
also to educate daughters of said Colonists." He also obtained subscrip- 
tions for the institution on the condition that five acres of land be pro- 
cured for the purpose of an academy. This was donated by Dr. Van 
Raalte, forming the nucleus of the present beautiful campus of sixteen 
acres. Soon after this Mr. Walter T. Taylor, an elder in the Reformed 
Church of Geneva, was nominated as principal of the Western Academy. 
This position he accepted and began work in October 1851. He was 
assisted by his son and three daughters. 

Thus began this school of higher education of which Dr. Van Raalte 
said, "This is my anchor of Hope for this people in the future." He 
spoke not without reason. When we consider that these people were 
as yet practical strangers in this land; unacquainted with the language of 
the country, and on the whole without material means we realize how 
truly it was an undertaking of hope and faith. And we feel the force 
of the words of Dr. Philip Phelps, Jr. speaking of it some twenty-five years 
later, "Think of the heroic faith that would set up a school of higher 
education in a howling wilderness, by a people ignorant of the national 
tongue, barely able to support themselves." 

Strengthening the Stakes. 

In 1853, the year in which we find the first annual report of the in- 
stitution to General Synod, it was placed under the care of Synod thus 
becoming in the fullest sense a Church institution. 



HISTORY OF HOPE COLLEGE I49 

In 1854, Mr. Taylor wishing to resign the principalship, the method of 
administration was changed. Up till this time, the administration had been 
local, the minister and elder of each congregation in the colony forming 
a committee to promote the educational interests among the people. Now 
it was resolved, "That the Boards of Education and Domestic Missions 
be instructed to combine their arrangement for the benefit of the colony 
at Holland, that a minister of our church may be selected, competent at 
once to preach the gospel and conduct the instructions of the academy 
and that he be supported by the joint contributions of the two Boards." 

The Rev. F. P. Beidler succeeded Mr. Taylor. He remained, how- 
ever, for only one year, whereupon Rev. John Van Vleck was appointed 
"Principal of the Holland Academy" as the school was now called and 
"Missionary preacher in the Colony." 

It was particularly during his term of service that considerable progress 
was made. Among other things accomplished was the building of what is 
to-day known as Van Vleck Hall. It is a large four story brick building. 
While to-day it serves exclusively for dormitory purposes, in that day it 
served a much more general purpose, being a dwelling for the principal, 
student dormitory, library, chapel, and recitation hall all in one. The 
money necessary for its erection, about $12,000, was largely collected by 
Dr. Van Raalte in the East. 

The next step in advance was the lengthening of the course of studies. 
Thus far no student had been carried beyond the preparatory course. 
Now, however, General Synod took action which enabled students who 
had the ministry in view to "pursue a portion of their studies in the 
Academy instead of entering at once into Rutgers College." That neces- 
sarily required additional teaching force. Accordingly the Board of Edu- 
cation sent Mr. Abraham Thompson as an additional instructor. Re- 
signing after one year, he was succeeded by Rev. Giles Vander Wall. 

In 1859 Mr. Van Vleck resigned, whereupon the Boards of Domestic 
Missions and Education united in the appointment of Rev. Philip Phelps as 
"Principal of the Academy and Missionary Preacher." 

Soon after this two new buildings were erected. In i860 the so-called 
"Oggel House" was erected as a residence. Two years later, in the winter 
and spring of 1862 the students under the direction of a carpenter erected 
the first gymnasium, a building that might also be used for commence- 
ment purposes. Not only did they cut down the trees but they also pre- 
pared the timbers and put them together. A private dedicatory service was 
held upon its completion, consisting of the hoisting of the stars and stripes, 
the reading of a psalm, the singing of a hymn, the offering of a prayer 
and concluding with three rousing cheers. The public dedication service 
took place in June of the same year. 

The College. 

It was now some twelve years since the school was opened. A begiiming 
had only been made. There was a preparatory department, a principal, 
one college class, a freshman class, ten in number having been formed. 



150 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

but no professors and no endowment. At the beginning of the second 
college year, however, the college department was strengthened by the 
addition of Rev. P. J. Oggel and Rev. T. Romeyn Beck as professors. 
The following year a Board of Superintendents was appointed by General 
Synod. The next year a college was proposed and approved by the Synods. 
By 1865 $40,000 had been contributed as an endowment. The same year 
the college was incorporated. Before the first class graduated the faculty 
had been strengthened by the appointment of two additional professors, in 
the persons of Rev. Chas. Scott and Rev. C. E. Crispell. 

The first commencement took place in 1866, when eight young men were 
graduated. Seven of these took up theological studies in the college the 
next September, General Synod having taken action by which this step was 
made possible. In the same year Dr. Philip Phelps became the first Presi- 
dent of Hope College. 

As a mark of further growth during the next five years, four new pro- 
fessors were appointed, namely. Prof. C. Doesburg. Prof. Wm. A. Shields, 
Prof. G. J. Kollen and Rev. P. Moerdyk. 

Character and Object of the College. 

At this point it is well to call attention to the character and purpose of 
the institution, for at least two reasons. First, because it has played so 
large a part in the development of the college. Secondly, because it is so 
vital to its continued strength and influence. 

What this is, can be partly gathered from the constitution itself. That 
tells us "the character and object of the College and of the corporation 
are to provide the usual literary and scientific course of study, in connec- 
tion with sound evangelical religious instruction, according to the stand- 
ards of the Reformed Church, as based on the Holy Scripture." As a 
general statement that is perfectly correct. But besides that, the more 
specific object which the pioneers had in mind was to train men for 
leadership in the church, especially the ministry of the Gospel. They 
wanted a college for the purpose of training men for the ministry in the 
Reformed Church. 

This is evident from the report of General Synod's special committee in 
1879. Speaking of the views prevailing in the West as to relation between 
the College and theological instruction it says, "To them the matter of 
Theology is the Signum collegii stantes vel cadentis." To this may be added 
the testimony of Rev. David Cole, Synod's agent in the Council of Hope 
College in the same year. Speaking of the value of Hope College to the 
church he says, "It is itself a foundation for Theology at the West, and 
this was the whole object for which the college was founded. . . . The 
almost unanimous and deeply earnest desire of the Hollanders is for 
Theology. The whole colony had theological training for their young men 
before them as their supreme object in founding Hope College." And to 
that same effect was the committee's report to General Synod in 1883 on 
the question of establishing Theology at Hope College, when it said, "But 
the Hollanders have no sympathy with a merely literary institution. They 



HISTORY OF HOPE COLLEGE I5I 

will not support it. They say so, and reiterate it in their various com- 
munications to General Synod. It is a Theological School they principally 
want." And Hope College will therefore remain true to the ideals of the 
founders, in proportion that it continues to keep that great object before it. 

Critical Period. 

We now enter upon the most critical period in the history of the institu- 
tion. It seems the financial resources had not kept pace with the expansion 
of the institution. The result was a constantly growing indebtedness, 
amounting to nearly $30,000 at this time, threatening the very existence 
of the institution. We need not dwell upon the probable reasons for this 
state of aflfairs. 

Accordingly heroic measures must be taken to save the institution. 
And these did not fail. President Phelps resigned in 1878 and was suc- 
ceeded by Rev. G. H. Mandeville of New York as provisional president 
and financial agent. As Dr. Mandeville did not reside in Holland the 
management of the College was put in charge of vice president Scott. 
A committee appointed by General Synod at its regular session in June 
1878 made a thorough investigation, drew up a new constitution and also 
outlined a clearly defined plan for the future of the College. 

In the meantime Dr. Mandeville, first as president and in 1881 as 
head of a special committee appointed by General Synod of that year to 
liquidate the debt, succeeded in raising enough money so as to practically 
realize that object. In addition to that a generous gift of $10,000 for 
endowment was received, enabling the institution to function more freely. 

Progress, 

From this time on things moved forward more successfully. The very 
next year the report of the Council sounds more hopeful. It was also 
resolved to instruct the council to elect a permanent president. As such 
Dr. Scott was elected. 

The report of 1884 to Synod calls for needs involving the sum of 
$100,000. In response to this it was resolved to collect the money for the 
endowment of the presidency. 

During the sessions of General Synod in 1884, meeting in Grand Rapids, 
Mich., the sum of $3,100 was raised for a home for the president which 
was later supplemented by a gift from the Women's Executive Committee. 

As further marks of progress it may be stated that the first number of 
the College Anchor, was issued in 1887; a lady principal, in the person of 
Mrs. C. Van Raalte Gilmore, was also elected. 

This same year General Synod adopted a strong resolution in favor 
of employing a financial agent to raise $50,000 to secure the stability of the 
College. The next year Rev. J. F. Zwemer was appointed to secure not 
only the above sum but in addition $30,000 for the Western Theological 
Seminary and $20,000 for the North Western Classical Academy. 

While these evidences of progress were manifesting themselves, there was 



152 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

nevertheless a constant struggle to keep the wolf from the door, not even 
to speak of advancing. No wonder the Council's report in 1891 gives 
utterance to the wish "That a man or woman of God, with silver wand 
might touch our beautiful campus and give us the nucleus of adequate 
buildings, fit for our growing needs !" 

This hope began to be fulfilled in 1892 when Elder N. M. Graves and 
Mrs. Garrett E. Wainants each donated $10,000 for an adequate library 
and chapel. At the same time the financial agent Rev. J. F. Zwemer re- 
ported subscriptions to the amount of $50,000. 

The greatest period of prosperity however, was yet to come. In 1893 
Prof. G. J. Kollen was elected President of Hope College, introducing a 
period of marked growth along almost every line. A few figures will 
illustrate this. The number of students increased from 211 to 370. The 
faculty was almost doubled in number. Four splendid buildings were 
erected. The endowment was increased to $333,571.45. 

The church, however, did not yet fully realize the rapidly growing needs 
of this virile institution. The result was a constantly growing indebtedness, 
reaching the sum of nearly $25,000 in 191 1. 

When Dr. Kollen resigned the presidency in that year, Dr. A. Venema 
was elected to succeed hirli. From that time earnest and successful efiforts 
have been made to reduce the debt as well as to increase the endowment. 

In 1914 for the first time in several years no deficit was reported in the 
contingent fund while $2,600 reduction was made on the debt. The next 
year it was reduced by $5,540.51. And although this hopeful condition 
did not continue due to conditions brought on by the world war, the 
college has continued to grow, until under the present leadership of Presi- 
dent E. D. Dimnent, it is stronger than ever. The number of students 
to-day is larger than ever before, the graduating class of the present year 
1921 alone numbering fifty-one. Financial support, due to the energetic 
work of Prof. A. Raap as financial agent is constantly increasing. There 
is also a constantly growing interest being manifested in the institution 
on the part of both alumni and the constituency which it more directly 
serves. 

The Fruits. 

What have been some of the fruits which this planting of the fathers 
has produced? Has it payed the toil and consecration of time and money 
which godly men and women put into it ? 

A bare recital of a few facts will give a sufficient answer for the present 
purpose. Thus instead of an undeveloped campus of five acres we have one 
of sixteen acres, beautifully shaded, with tennis courts and baseball field 
for recreation. Instead of one small building there are now ten, most of 
them well adapted to their purpose. Instead of no library, there is a library 
of some 23,000 volumes, many rare and of great value. There is also the 
beginning of a fine museum. And instead of no endowment there is an 
endowment of considerable over half a million dollars, which, though by 
no means sufficient to meet present need, at least shows splendid growth. 



HISTORY OF HOPE COLLEGE 1 53 

In intellectual results Hope College is the peer of any similar institution 
in the land. Thus several graduates have passed qualifying examinations 
for the Rhodes scholarship. Fellowships and scholarships in dififerent 
universities of the land are being annually received by men and women of 
Hope. In oratory and debate the institution has been especially strong in 
recent years. Under the efficient training of Prof. J. B. Nykerk, the veteran 
teacher in the College, repeated victories have come to Hope for a number 
of years. 

As to religious fruitage the faith of the fathers has been most richly 
rewarded. The moral and religious standards of the men and women of 
Hope have always been high. This was partly due to the Christian charac- 
ter of the homes from which most, if not all, of them have come. 

But it was also due in part to the wholesome Christian atmosphere 
which the college has always sought to maintain, by means of the daily 
religious exercises, the personal ideals and influence of the faculty, the 
various religious organizations, such as Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., the 
several mission and Bible study classes, the several Sunday schools in the 
vicinity of Holland with a staff of some thirty teachers ; the student 
volunteer band with a present enrollment of over forty. All of these 
factors have entered into creating both a healthy religious atmosphere and 
a high moral standard. "In statistics gathered some years ago on the 
religious conditions of sixty-one colleges and universities, Hope ranks 
among the very highest in percentage of professing Christians, conversions, 
voluntary study classes and in contributions to missions." 

Such being the case we are not surprised to learn that of the 814 gradu- 
ates of the College to date, exclusive of those who have graduated from 
the preparatory school, 236 are now active in the ministry of the Gospel 
at home, while 56 are engaged in missionary work in other lands. Be- 
sides these, over one hundred are engaged in educational work of one 
kind or another, thus also directly moulding the lives of men and women 
toward Christian ideals. 

Such in brief is the story of this institution, planted by the faith and 
watered with the prayers of the fathers. Who can begin to measure the 
influence for good of such a work throughout 70 years? 

The little rivulet begun in the virgin forests of Western Michigan in 
1850 has become a mighty stream carrying upon its bosom forces so potent 
for good that only eternity will be able sufficiently to show the results 
in the growth and the establishment of the Kingdom of God. 



CHAPTER XXII. 
HISTORY OF THE WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY. 

BY REV. S. C. NETTINGA, D.D., PROF. OF HISTORICAL THEOLOGY IN THE W.T.S., R.C.A. 

One reads the story of this second seminary of the Reformed Church 
with mingled feelings of sadness and admiration. Sadness, because of the 
slowness with which the Reformed Church saw the vision and heeded the 
call for a theological institution in the West, as an indispensable condition 
for the growth of the Church in these regions. Admiration, for the men 
who saw the vision and had the courage to undertake the task. And it only 
verifies anew the lesson which lies upon the very surface of church his- 
tory, that if men only have faith in God's cause and grace to persevere they 
are bound to succeed. 

A brief survey of the history of the Institution will abundantly testify 
to this fact. 

Its Beginning. 

The inception of theological instruction must be sought in the petition 
of seven members of the Senior Class of Hope College in 1866, requesting 
General Synod to take such measures as would enable them to pursue their 
theological studies in the present institution. Not that this was the first 
time this m.atter had been before Synod ; on the contrary, it was "an old 
and cherished sentiment of the Dutch Church." As early as 1847, the 
year of the Holland immigration, we read in the Report on the State of the 
Church, Min. Gen. Synod, Vol. 7, "Let an Institution of high order for 
classical and theological instruction, under our patronage as long as neces- 
sary and at first under our control also, be established somewhere in the 
West." 

The petition of these seven students simply revived this old sentiment. 
Accordingly we are not surprised that the Synod resolved : "That the sub- 
ject be referred to the Board of Education and the Council of Hope 
College with instruction, that leave be granted these students to pursue 
their theological studies at Hope College, provided that no measures shall 
be instituted by which additional expense shall be thrown upon Synod, 
or the Board of Education at this time." 

And, we are still less surprised when it is remembered, that this was the 
ideal which the Holland immigrant had held before them, from the be- 
ginning, in the founding of the Holland Academy. 

In their minds education was inseparable from religion, and a College 



HISTORY OF THE WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY I55 

without theology was incomplete. They were not interested in a purely 
classical or literary institution for its own sake. What they wanted was 
a school tor the education of their ministers to lead their churches. It was 
with this end in view that the Holland churches in the West subscribed 
$20,000 for an Endowment for Hope College, and with such a spirit of 
sacrifice that some even "denied themselves the comforts of life." 

Besides, the exigencies of the case demanded it. The work of church 
extension in the West was moving rapidly forward. The great difficulty 
was how to supply pastors to lead the new churches ; many were without 
pastors, others could have been organized if there had been men to 
shepherd the fields. 

The next year the Committee appointed to examine the whole field and 
report to the Synod declared : "Your Committee beg leave to say most 
emphatically, that in their judgment it would be disastrous to our existing 
educational institutions and to our churches in the West and also to our 
Domestic Missionary operations there to withdraw from Hope College at 
the present time the privilege of theological instruction. We believe the 
future will demonstrate that the action of the last General Synod was both 
wise and timely, and that no backward step should be taken." 

These were strong words. Would that the whole Church had seen it 
as clearly at the time, and given the resolutions subsequently adopted their 
whole hearted support during the dceade that followed. How many 
heart-burnings might have been spared, and how different the history of 
the western part of the Reformed Church in America might have been. 

The result of this Committee's report was the continuance of theological 
instruction and the election of the Rev. Cornelius E. Crispell, D.D., as 
Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology. Synod also invited the other 
professors of the College to act, "as Lectors as they had done during the 
year before." Provision was also made for the government of this De- 
partment of Theology by dividing the Board of Superintendents of New 
Brunswick Seminary into two branches; one for the Eastern Particular 
Synod, and the other for the Western Particular Synod ; the latter com- 
posed of representatives from the Western Classes and charged with the 
ordinary functions of such a Board. Whatever one may think of this 
arrangement it is evident that favorable action on the part of Synod was 
not lacking. 

Difficulties. 

The work however, so auspiciously begun in 1866 and, so enthusiastically 
continued in 1867, soon met difficulties. For the very next year it seems 
a new plan was proposed. There were two parties in the West, diflfering 
as to the relation of theological instruction to Hope College. One desiring 
it to be a department of the College, and have the College itself trans- 
formed into a University, the name proposed was "Hope Haven Uni- 
versity ;" the other party desired that theological instruction should remain 
separate and independent of the College. 

The disposition of this new question was postponed till the next year. 



156 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

The outcome of the whole discussion was that Synod definitely defined 
the status of things, by denying the university scheme as premature ; by 
constituting the Council of Hope College, the Board of Superintendents 
of the Western Theological School, with duties and prerogatives like those 
of the Board of Superintendents of the New Brunswick Seminary ; by 
electing two additional Professors, viz., Dr. Philip Phelps and Albertus 
C. Van Raalte ; by instructing the Council of Hope College to complete the 
organization of the Theological Department at the College, such department 
to be known as the Western Theological Seminary of the Synod, and by 
recognizing the Faculty of Hope College, exclusive of the members not 
acting as theological Professors and Lectors, as the Faculty of the The- 
ological School. 

This arrangement continued until theological instruction was sus- 
pended in 1877. But whilst such action and several strong resolutions 
were adopted to promote the welfare and success of the institution, these 
hopes were not realized. Not only did the number of students fail to in- 
crease, but the churches also failed to support the institution financially 
as they should have done to insure success. The result was a gradually 
increasing indebtedness, which threatened to close up the whole institution. 
The signs of it were already apparent in 1873. The report of that year 
on the Professorate reads : "Help must come at once, or the College doors 
must be closed." 

Another matter that seems to have caused embarrassment and to have 
retarded the growth of the institutions was the unsatisfactory position of 
the theological professors, acting at the same time, as both College and 
theological professors. 

And, what must we think of a Synod, electing men to the office of 
theological teachers and thereby binding itself to become responsible for 
their support, and then utterly failing to do so? Yet such was the case. In 
1875 Professors Scott and Beck were chosen lectors at salaries definitely 
stipulated. The very next year Professor Beck reported his acceptance 
of the appointment provided : "That relieved from anxiety, he may rely 
on the assurance that such salary shall be promptly paid; while Professors 
Crispell and Scott were compelled to inform Synod that the Church 
owed them $2,700 in salary, and to ask "cannot Synod adopt some means 
to secure the payment of the salaries it has fixed for us." The proper 
resolutions were again adopted relative to this painful situation, but little or 
nothing came of it. 

Hence we are not surprised at the action of the Synod the following 
year: "That in view of the present embarrassed condition of the finances 
of the College, the Council be directed for the present to suspend the 
theological department." Thus the "shortsighted party in the East" and 
the "reactionary party" at the West both of which deemed the eastern 
seminary sufficient, seemingly had their way. What the consequences, 
however, of that decision have been upon the western section of the 
Church, in the light of events that followed within the next seven years, 
can only be surmised. 



HISTORY OF THE WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 1 57 

One thing at least is certain that it shook the western part of the church, 
•especially the Dutch section of it, to its foundation. It was also wholly 
•contrary to its desire as is evident from the memorials that went to Synod 
the very next year from the Classes of Holland, Grand River and Wis- 
consin as also from the Council of Hope College, petitioning the General 
Synod to repeal the action of the former Synod in suspending theology. 

The Synod, however, did not see its way clear to do so, because of ex- 
isting conditions. Instead, it appointed a committee to investigate the 
•entire situation and report to Synod the following year. The result was. 
Synod resolved: "That in the judgment of this Synod, until the College 
shall be put upon a secure and satisfactory basis, the question of the 
restoration of theology should be kept in abeyance ; but as soon as the 
College has been placed upon such a basis then the eflfort should be earnest- 
ly made to place theology upon a similar foundation." 

The Restor.-vtion of Theology. 

It was not until 1883 that action toward the restoration of theological 
instruction was taken, when the Rev. Artemus Ward, a member of the 
Synod of that year offered a resolution which read : "That the General 
Synod appoint a special committee to report at this session as to the 
advisability of organizing a department of theological instruction at the 
West at an early date." This was done, the Committee reporting favorable. 
The reasons given were threefold. 

First, it was what the constituency of Hope College evidently wanted 
refusing to support an institution that did not contemplate theological 
instruction. 

Second, the necessity of providing ministers for the Western churches 
and for denominational expansion. The committee pointed out the fact 
that many of the Western men sought preparation for the ministry in other 
denominational schools. 

Third, the crisis through which the Western church were passing, due to 
the antimasonic agitation, whereby the restoration of theological instruc- 
tion became a question of life and death to the West. 

Wherefore, it was resolved, "That theological instruction at Hope College 
be resumed in the autumn of 1884, provided the churches belonging to the 
Particular Synod of Chicago obtain funds, which when added to the sum 
now under the care of the Board of Direction for that purpose, will fully 
■endow the Professorship of Didactic and Polemic Theology." 

The next year the General Synod met in Grand Rapids, Mich., and, 
though the conditions had not been fully met, enough had been done to 
warrant the Synod to proceed to the election of a Professor of Didactic 
and Polemic Theology, who was "not to begin his work till the sum of 
$30,000 were in the hands of the Treasurer of the Synod." 

As such the Rev. N. M. Steffens, D.D., was elected. In December of that 
year the conditions upon which he was elected having been complied with, 
Prof. Dr. Steffens was inaugurated and the school of theology was re- 
•opened with five students, one in the Middle and four in the Junior Class. 



158 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

The Council of Hope College acting as a Board of Superintendents also- 
elected the Revs. Peter Moerdyke and Henry E. Dosker as temporary 
Lectors, the former to teach Greek Exegesis, the latter the historical 
branches. 

Forward Steps. 

From this time on there was slow but steady progress. A brief recital 
of the facts will verify this assertion. The very next year after the re- 
storation of theology the relation of the theological instruction to the 
College, which had caused so much friction in the past, was definitely 
settled by making the Seminary a separate institution, independent of the 
College, with its own governing Board, its own constituent Faculty and its 
own curriculum. 

It was also resolved, that the old title, The Theological Department of 
Hope College, be changed to the now familiar name, The Western The- 
ological Seminary of the R. C. A., though it was for some time, owing to 
former relations, known as "Hope Seminary." The only remnant of the 
former relationship remaining is the ex-ofificio membership of the Presi- 
dent of the College in the Seminary Board and the reprint of the Seminary 
Catalog in that of Hope College. The same year the Board requested the 
General Synod to establish a second Professorship, to be known as the 
Professorship of Biblical Languages and Literature. This request was 
granted, on condition that the Professor elected be not inaugurated until 
suitable provision should have been made for his support. Rev. Daniel 
Van Pelt, was elected. He however declined, whereupon the Lectors of 
the previous year were re-engaged. 

In 1886 Rev. Henry E. Dosker was elected Lector, with the understand- 
ing that he resign his pastorate and devote all his time to teaching. This 
arrangement continued for two years when the Synod "realizing that the 
appointment of a Lector from year to year, is attended with serious dis- 
advantages and cannot give such permanency as is desirable to the position 
or to instruction." recommended, "that the Synod proceed to the election' 
of a Professor of Biblical Language and Exegesis in the Western Theologi- 
cal Seminary at Holland." The result was that Rev. John W. Beardslee of 
Troy, N. Y. was elected, but who was not to be installed until the sum of 
$30,000 had been secured for his support. This was finally accomplished 
by Synod's agent Rev. Jas. F. Zwemer in 1893, after Dr. Beardslee had 
taught for nearly five years. For tho the Board had requested Synod in 
1892 to make arrangements for his installation. Synod refused to accede to 
it except upon compliance with the monetary conditions of 1888. This 
condition having been practically fulfiled in 1893 thru the untiring efforts 
of Rev. J. F. Zwemer as financial Agent the Synod sanctioned his immediate 
installation. 

In view of the increasing number of students and the large variety of 
subjects to be taught by the two professors, the appointment of a Lector 
was also proposed in this same year.This, however, was not carried out until 
the following year, when the Board instead of appointing a Lector "resolved. 



HISTORY OF THE WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY I59 

that, waiving the right granted by Synod to appoint a Lector we urgently 
request the Synod to elect a Professor of Historical Theology, the Synod 
not to become responsible for his salary until the Endowment of $30,000 
shall have been secured." And further, that such Professors shall not 
enter upon his duties until his salary in the amount of $1,200 annually has 
been secured by reliable pledges for the period of five years. 

In securing these annual pledges Mr. Zwemer laid the foundation for 
the Salary Fund or Syndicate, which has ever since supplemented the 
deficiency of sufficient Endowment Income. 

The Synod granting this request Rev. Henry E. Dosker, who had already 
served as Lector but had been discharged upon the election of Dr. Beards- 
lee, was now duly elected to the Chair of Historical Theology. But, in 
stead of postponing the installations as had been done in the case of 
Dr. Beardslee immediate provision for his installation into office was made. 

The next forward step of importance was the building of Semelink 
Family Hall in 1895. This was made possible by the generosity of Mr. 
Peter Semelink of the Vriesland Michigan Reformed Church. It is a 
commodious building having five lecture rooms and a large chapel. Some 
years afterwards Mr. Semelink donated an additional sum of $3000 for its 
permanent maintenance. 

Another step in advance was made in 1904, when the fourth Chair, that 
of Practical. Theology was established, and its occupant was to be elected 
as soon as the endowment of the Third Chair was completed and funds 
were available for his support. This was realized in 1907, when Synod's 
agent reported the fulfillmeiTt of these conditions, whereupon the Synod 
proceeded to elect a fourth Professor and the choice fell upon Rev. Jas. F. 
Zwemer, D.D., who was duly installed in the Fall of the same year. 

The Western Theological Seminary now had four active Professorships, 
not large, perhaps, as compared with many other Seminaries of the land, 
but at least large when compare with the humble beginnings of 1884, and 
still more with that of 1866. At the same time the institution was gradually 
winning its way into the hearts of the western part of the Church. This 
was due to Dr. Zwemer's house to house campaign carried on for so many 
years, assisted by the loyalty of the several pastors. 

But a healthy institution has constantly increasing needs. So we are 
not surprised at efforts being made of providing funds for a Dormitory 
or Divinity Hall. Initiative efforts to secure pledges from the various 
pastors thru correspondendence, conducted by the students under the 
guidance of the Professor of Practical Theology met with promising suc- 
cess. Meanwhile, the gift of a valuable piece of property had been secured, 
thru the good office of Rev. R. H. Joldersma of the first church of Roches- 
ter, N. Y., the sale of which gave a $7000 start to the undertaking. The 
permanent committee on the Finances accordingly let the contract for this 
building, as, also a Central Heating plant, costing together the sum of 
$27,000. Prof. Zwemer having engaged to raise the entire amount needed, 
the erection of this much needed Dormitory was begun under the super- 
vision of the IJuilding Committee composed of Messrs. Profs. Kolyn, 



l6o THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Zwemer and Elder Teunis Prins of Holland, and by the opening of the 
school in the Fall of 1913 this student Home was ready for occupancy. 

In the meantime other important forward steps were taken, Prof.; 
Beardslee surprised the Board of Superintendents on May 12th 1912 with 
the announcement of his desire to donate monies for the erection of a 
Library Building as a record of his love for the Seminary and as an 
expression of his desire to continue his services to the church after he 
should cease to be personally connected with it. At the same time he 
expressed the hope that it might be completed before their next annual 
meeting in May. The result was that the Beardslee Memorial Library was 
dedicated with appropriate ceremonies on May 14,1913, giving the Seminary 
a splendidly equipped building for its work. At the same time the Central 
Heating and Lighting plant had been erected whereby all the buildings on 
the Seminary Campus are now heated and lighted, reducing the cost of 
maintenance as also lessening the danger of fires. 

The Seminary now had three endowned chairs, each in the sum of 
$30,000 while the support of the fourth chair having an endowment of 
$10,000 derived its supplementary support from the so-called Salary 
Fund consisting of annual contributions by the churches. As the above 
endowments were no longer adequate to meet the increased salaries the 
Board at its annual meeting in 1915 resolved to increase the endowments 
of each chair to $40,000. Through the energetic work of Dr. Zwemer as 
Professor Emertius this was completed within a year. 

The next year another forward step was taken. As early as 1916 Synod 
had already established a Fifth professorship, by dividing that of Biblical 
languages and Exegesis into the Professorship of Old Testament Language 
and Literature and the Professorship of New Testament Language and 
Literature. Due to the lack of income however, this chair was not filled 
until 1920. During the latter part of 1919 the senior Emeritus Prof. John 
W. Beardslee offered to donate $5000 for the endowment of said Chair, 
if the churches would raise the remaining $35,000 by the time the Board 
met in May of the year 1920. The committee in charge of the finances of 
the Seminary accepted the offer with the result that once more thru the 
efforts of Dr. Zwemer the necessary sum was secured by the appointed time. 
However, the income of these endowments does not begin to meet the 
present salary Budget but the deficit is annually met by the proceeds of 
the Salary Fund Syndicate, the income of which during the current year 
was equal to the interest at five percent on an endowment of $110,000. 

Besides these marks of growth, others have followed as a matter of 
course. Thus the library, the foundation of which was laid by several 
Eastern ministers in the early 90s has grown from year to year through the 
generosity of friends, till at present there is a working library of some 
12,000 volumes. Then too the curriculum has been gradually strengthened. 
A B. D. course has been successfully begun while in 1920 Synod granted 
the Faculty permission to make provision for the training of lay-workers 
thru extension courses. 



HISTORY OF THE WESTERN THEOLOGICAL SEMIi\x\RY l6l 

Change in Professorship. 

In the meantime various changes have occurred in the personnel of the 
faculty. In 1895 Dr. N. M. Steffens resigned, which resignation was accepted 
with sincere regret, and Rev. Egbert Winter was elected in his place. 
In 1903 Dr. Henry E. Dosker having accepted a call to the Union Semi- 
nary at Louisville Kentucky handed in his resignation which was accepted 
"with sincere regret and high appreciation of his valuable and successful 
services as Professor." Fortunately for the School Dr. Steffens was 
elected to fill his place and he returned to the Seminary. In the same year 
Dr. Winter after eight years of faithful and painstaking service was com- 
pelled by reason of increasing deafness to resign whereupon Dr. G. H. 
Dubbink was elected in his place. Dr. Dubbink after occuping this position 
with great credit passed away on July 19, 1910. Whereupon the Board 
requested Dr. Steffens to take charge of this chair until the Synod should 
meet the following year. The Synod of that year transferred him to the 
chair of Didactic Theology in which he continued to serve with great accept- 
ability until his sudden death in 1912, since when Dr. E. J. Blekkink, has 
occupied this chair. When Dr. Steffens was transferred to his former 
chair of Theology, Dr. Matthew Kolyn was elected to the Professorship 
of Historical Theology and continued so with scholarly ability until his 
death May 13,1918. At a special meeting of the Board in June following. 
Rev. S. C. Nettinga of Grand Rapids was appointed to take his place and 
he was, the following year elected by the Synod as Professor of Historical 
Theology. 

In 1913 Dr. John W. BeaVdslee for reasons of age and health resigned 
after twenty-five years of efficient and faithful services and his place 
was filled by the election of his son, Prof. John W. Beardslee, Jr., Ph. D. 
However, his father Dr. Beardslee continued as Emeritus Professor and 
President of the Faculty to teach as his strength permitted. 

In 1914 Dr. Zwemer whose health had become seriously impaired by 
overwork and nervous prostration was constrained to ask for a year's 
release from the class room work. This was given, but after that period 
of rest his slow recovery did not warrant his return to the full duties of his 
office, and so after nine years of faithful and varied service of the School 
he offered his resignation as active Professor and was upon his request 
declared Emeritus Professor of Practical Theology and placed in charge 
of the finances of the Seminary. In this capacity he continued to serve 
with self-sacrificing devotion and success until his death in 1921. It is 
largely through his more than wellnigh thirty years of continued labor in 
behalf of the financial needs of the Seminary that the institution begins 
to stand today upon a fairly solid financial foundation. 

When Dr. Zwemer resigned Prof. John E. Kuizenga, D.D., of Hope Col- 
lege was appointed by the Board acting Professor for a year after which he 
was elected by Synod as a permanent professor. When in 1917 Prof. 
Beardslee Jr. was called to the Seminary at New Brunswick, his aged 
father accompanied him whereby practically two professorships became 



l62 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

vacant. The Board at a special session appointed Rev. Henry Hospers, 
D. D., of Grand Rapids to the Chair of the Old Testament Languages and 
Literature and the following year he was elected a full professor. 

Finally, when the endowment of the Fifth Chair was completed in 1920 
the Board at a special meeting appointed Prof. J. Vander Meulen of Hope 
College to take up the work. After a year's successful work he was per- 
manently elected by the Synod of 1921 to the Chair of New Testament 
languages and literature. 

Such in brief is the history of this school of the prophets. Surely in 
view of the results to the Reformed Church and the Kingdom of God it 
has abundantly justified its existence. In the half century of its life, 
including the seven years of its suspension, 259 men have gone from it into 
the ministry of the Church most of them to the western part of it. The 
fruit of their labors of love and their devotion is seen to a large extent 
in the splendid growth of that section of the church, not to speak of 
the large number who have gone into the foreign service. Moreover in 
view of such a record no one ought ever again to despise the day of small 
things, confident that those who have faith in the cause of God never labor 
in vain in the Lord. 



CHAPTER XXIII 
HISTORY OF CENTRAL COLLEGE 

BY REV. S. C. NETTINGA, D.D., PROF. OF HISTORICAL THEOLOGY IN THE W.T.S., R.C.A. 

Central College, located at Pella, Iowa, Marion Co. is a providential 
gift to the Reformed Church in America. That is the view which we of 
the present day ought to take of it, and which, in the light of the history 
of our educational institutions, will be taken of it in the days to come. For 
regardless of the difficult beginnings, the history of our educational institu- 
tions ought to be convincing evidence that where there is faith in God and 
in the reality and potency of things spiritual, there can be no failure in 
this newest educational enterprise of the Reformed Church in America. 
And to have refused the offer as it came would have evidenced lack of 
faith in God's providential guidance of His Church and in the growing 
power of our denominational life. 

Its Origin. 

The circumstances of its origin so far as the Reformed Church is con- 
cerned are clearly stated in the resolution of its Board ofTrustees adopted 
Nov. 30, 191 5. It was then resolved, "That all grounds, buildings and 
equipment now owned by said Central College University of Iowa, to- 
gether with said name of said institution, be transferred, conveyed and 
turned over to the Reformed Church in America ; or its agents or trustees 
and without material monetary consideration, upon the condition and in 
consideration that the said Reformed Church in America, its agents or 
trustees take said grounds, buildings and equipment and build up and 
maintain at Pella, Iowa, an accredited Christian College under the laws of 
the state of Iowa. Failure of said Reformed Church in America, its 
agents or trustees to build up and maintain such an accredited college at 
Pella shall work a forfeiture of its rights and claims to said property and 
equipment and the same shall revert to the Board of managers of the 
American Baptists Educational Society to be used for the interests of 
education by the Iowa Baptists as provided by the original donors of said 
property. 

The reasons for this unusual action were twofold — first, a desire of the 
Board of Education of the Northern Baptist Convention to consolidate 
their educational interests in the State. Secondly, the constituency of the 
Reformed Church being large in the community is apt to increase if the 
control of the College be placed in the hands of the Reformed Church. 

163 



164 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

The matter was brought to the attention of General Synod by the Board 
of Education in its annual report. Also by an Overture from the Part- 
icular Synod of Chicago urging General Synod to accept the offer. Favor- 
able action had also been taken by the Particular Synod of New Brunswick 
and by the Classis of Greene. Whereupon General Synod at its regular 
meeting in June 1916 adopted among others, the two following important 
resolutions. 

I. That General Synod accepts Central University of Iowa as tendered 
by its Board of Trustees, as reconstituted by its action taken June 6, 1916, 
as the agency of the Reformed Church in America for the government and 
control of the said College during the ensuing year" and 2. "That as a 
precedent to Central College being fully established as a College of the 
Reformed Church, the project of securing at least $150,000 additional 
endowment is deemed essential to the permanent efficiency of the College, 
and the Board of Trustees is hereby encouraged to complete the work so 
happily begun." 

It was also resolved that the Board of Trustees and the Board of Educa- 
tion R. C. A. work out a plan of government for the college and report 
to General Synod in 1917. 

Thus Central College 'officially became a Reformed Church institution. 
It is true, a condition to raise the endowment to $200,000 was placed upon 
the trustees, yet this above action became practically, and to all intents and 
purposes, decisive. For even though that condition remains as yet un- 
realized, no one who has faith in the future of the Reformed Church can 
conceive of General Synod ever reversing its action of 1916. 

Its Previous History. 

Central College was a Baptist institution. Its corporate title is Central 
University of Iowa, but it is known as Central College. It was authorized 
in 1853. In 1854 an academic department had been opened. By 1861 a full 
quota of classes were at work. As to standing it was about on a par with 
the average small college of the land. It maintained an academy in con- 
nection with the college; a conservatory of music, a department of oratory 
and expression and a business department. It granted the degrees of 
A. B., Ph. D., and B. S. 

There was at the time of transfer a faculty of 21 members, 13 men and 
8 women. 

The equipment at the time of transfer consisted of a campus of eight 
acres, right in the heart of the town of Pella on which were five buildings 
valued at about $iio,ooo.An endowment fund of some $13,000 and known 
as the Curtis and Barker funds accompanied the transfer, but were with- 
drawn in 1920 by action of the Supreme Court of Iowa. 

Its Character and Purpose. 

As to character. Central College is a broadly Christian institution for 
the purpose of training ministers and missionaries and Christian leaders 
in all the walks of life. Or to quote the Particular Synod of Chicago in 



HISTORY OF CENTRAL COLLEGE 165 

its overture to General Synod in 1916, "The Reformed Church West of 
the Mississippi needs a college not only for the training of ministers and 
missionaries but also for the development of higher ideals of life and 
service, to hold and promote the loyal interests of the coming generations 
of our prospective physicians and lawyers, teachers and business men, and 
to train a membership able and ready to take care of our Bible School 
instruction of at least high school grade." 

It also stated that "such training and equipment can be best obtained 
through institutions under the care of their own church and near enough to 
draw them. 

Evidences of Progress. 

Its history since adoption by the Reformed Church has already begun 
to verify the truth of the above words. Under the leadership of Pres. 
Hoffman and his stafif of some 19 instructors it is making wholesome 
progreess. In the President's report to Synod in 1918 it was stated that 
the lower classes in both academy and college were proportionately larger 
than the higher, proving that the school was taking on a new lease of life; 
and that 90% of these students come from districts that had never con- 
tributed any students to the educational institutions of the Reformed 
Church, proving that the College was developing new fields of educational 
activity in the church and not duplicating the work of other institutions. 
In other words. Central College has simply become another center of 
higher Christian education in the Reformed Church for many young people, 
who without it never would seek it. And tho the number is not yet large 
it is growing rapidly and already beginning to send forth men into the 
ministry of the Reformed Church as well as other useful positions. 

Other marks of progress are the erection of a new fire proof library 
building to replace the old one destroyed by fire ; a new ladies dormitory, 
a Central heating plant, and a gymnasium and assembly hall. It has also 
greatly increased the variety of courses. 

Its endowment has to date reached the sum of $154,000, some $21,000 of 
which is unproductive, and tho just at present the task of increasing it 
is difificult due to the financial depression, there can be no doubt as to 
the future success of this enterprise, if the church only has faith and 
courage enough to persevere. Then it too. like its predecessors will send 
forth streams of blessing into the world. 



CHAPTER XXIV. 
HISTORY OF ACADEMIES. 

BY PROF. S. C. NETTINGA, D.D., PROF. OF HISTORICAL THEOLOGY IX THE VV.T.S., R.C.A. 

I THE NORTHWESTERN CLASSICAL ACADEMY 

The Northwestern Classical Academy was founded in 1882. It is located 
at Orange City, Iowa, a territory described in the Agricultural report of 
the U. S. Commission, as the garden of America. It is also in the midst 
of one of the most flourishing sections of the Reformed Church. 

The Academy is a Christian institution under the auspicies of the Re- 
formed Church in America. Its purpose is to lay the foundation for a 
higher Christian education as well as to instill high ideals into the lives of 
all who come under its influence. 

Its curriculum prepares students for full collegiate work in classical, 
scientific and literary courses. Its students are admitted into the leading 
colleges without examination. 

In 1893 it was placed on the list of Iowa Colleges by the State Board of 
examiners. 

It has a campus of 8 acres, a well equipped building for its purpose and 
also a residence for the principal, erected in the days when Prof. J. D. 
Zwemer was principal. 

Its sources of income are fourfold — contributions from the churches ; 
appropriations from the Board of Education, R. C. A ; income from 
tuitions and from an endowment of some $50,000. In addition to this it 
possesses some $5,000 for a building fund which is being slowly gathered, 
for the erection of a gymnasium. 

The faculty consists of four instructors beside the Principal. The 
number of students in 1920 was 100. the largest in its history. 

As to results, the Academy has already graduated 418 students of whom 
100 have entered the ministry at home and abroad, while several others 
are now in preparation for similar and other influential positions. 

II PLEASANT PRAIRIE ACADEMY 

Pleasant Prairie Academy is located at German Valley, 111., about 100 
miles west of Chicago, in one of the prosperous rural communities of that 
state. It is also in the heart of an ever growing consituency of the German 
branch of the Reformed Church in America. It was opened for work in 
September 1894. 

166 



HISTORY OF ACADEMIES 167 

The purpose of the institution is to prepare men for the ministry in the 
German speaking churches because the existing institutions of the church 
failed to supply the need. 

For this reason a Collegiate as well as an Academic department was 
opened, and actually attempted. Due to financial difficulties, however, 
the college plan was abandoned in 1897. 

It has Classical, scientific and literary courses in the English language, 
which are up to the standard requirements of Hope and Central Colleges. 
It also has a normal course for teachers, and an elementary business 
course. 

It has a Faculty at present of four teachers including the Principal, 
Prof. F. Bosch. 

The number of students during the year 1919-1920 was thirty-four. Its 
sources of income are from tuition ; interest from a small endowment ; 
contributions from the churches and appropriations from the Board of 
Education, R. C. A. 

Since the coming of its present Principal, the school has taken on a 
new lease of life. The Classes of Pleasant Prairie and Germania have 
decided to maintain the Academy in its present location. They have 
also pledged it their full support. The churches of both Classes are at 
present being thoroughly canvassed for money to erect a new building. 
Also to increase the number of students. 

A goodly number of its graduates have already entered the ministry of 
the Reformed Church. 

Ill THE WISCONSIN MEMORIAL ACADEMY 

The first suggestion toward the establishment of the Wisconsin Memorial 
Academy was made in the Council of Hope College, April 1900. This was 
endorsed by the Particular Synod of Chicago in May of that year, as 
also by the Classis of Wisconsin. Work began in November, 1900, with 
17 students. 

The Academy is located at Cedar Grove, Wisconsin about 35 miles north 
of Milwaukee. 

Sessions were first held in the Chapel of the Reformed Church at Cedar 
Grove. A building, however, was erected and ready for occupancy by 
June 1902. 

The purpose of the Academy is identical with all the educational institu- 
tions of the Reformed Church, namely, to train men and women for 
positions of Christian leadership. 

Its faculty consists of four teachers including the Principal. 

The number of students in 1920 was 56, the largest in the history of the 
school. 

Its sources of income like the other academies are: Contributions from 
the churches ; appropriations by the Board of Education R. C. A. ; and 
tuitions. The beginning of a small endowment has also been made. 

As to results, several of its graduates have already entered the ministry 
of the church as also other positions of usefulness. 

(See pages 96-97 of this work). 



CHAPTER XXV. 
YOUNG PEOPLE'S SOCIETIES. 

BY REV. A. D. W. MASON, D.D. 

The Reformed Church has always shown much interest in its young 
people, and exercised great care in regard to their religious and social 
training. In the early history of the church the children and youth were 
gathered into catechetical classes and carefully taught the doctrines of 
religion. The Heidelberg Catechism was prepared, not only as a declara- 
tion of the faith of the church, but as "a method of instruction in the 
Christian religion, as the same is taught in the Reformed churches and 
schools in Holland and America." And the "Compendium" is a shorter 
form of the Catechism arranged for those who intend to approach the Holy 
Supper of the Lord. 

This system of catechetics is still pursued in the larger number of our 
Holland and German churches, and, to some extent, is being used with 
good results among our American congregations. 

Following the "Catechetical Classes," the Sunday-schools were the next 
form of young people's organizations for religious training. They were 
introduced into the Reformed Church early in the nineteenth century, 
and the catechetical instruction hitherto given directly by the minister 
was imparted through the medium of the teacher or by the pastor during 
the school session. The growth of the modern Sunday-school system of 
religious instruction is a matter of familiar knowledge, and it need only 
be said that to that development the Reformed Church has contributed 
her full share. 

On February 2, 1881 "Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor" 
was founded by Rev. Francis E. C/ark, among the young people of the 
Williston Congregational Church of Portland, Maine, of which he was 
then the young and resourceful pastor. Its success in inspiring and 
developing the spiritual life of its members soon attracted the attention 
of the pastors and leaders of neighboring churches, and led them to inquire 
into its principles and methods. A little later a conference of those inter- 
ested was held at Old Orchard Beach, Maine, and soon this new method 
of Christian work began to take root and spread among neighboring 
congregations. 

About two years after this initial date, on April 19, 1883, the second 
C. E. Society in the Reformed Church in America, and the first society 
of its kind to be formed by any denomination, within the area of Greater 

168 



YOUNG people's SOCIETIES 169 

New York was organized, with nineteen charter members, in the South Re- 
formed Church of Brooklyn, N. Y., of which Rev. A. DeW. Mason was 
then pastor. Later it was learned that less than two months before, in 
February, 1883, the very first Christian Endeavor Society in the Reformed 
Church in America had been organized by Rev. Ralph W. Brokaw, then 
pastor of the Reformed Church in Belleville, N. J., but for some time these 
two pioneer societies existed almost side by side without either knowing 
of the existence or work of the other. 

This movement soon spread rapidly in our churches and was so cordially 
received by them that in 1888, our General Synod was asked to endorse the 
new organization and did so by passing this resolution : "That this Synod, 
recognizing the value and success of the work of the 'Young People's 
Society of Christian Endeavor in this and other lands, heartily commends 
that organization to our pastors and Consistories as a well proven and ef- 
fective means of arousing and developing life and labors of the youth 
of our churches." This action put the Reformed Church on record as 
being one of the first, if not the very first, of the leading denominations 
to adopt the principles and methods of Christian Endeavor, and so stimula- 
ted the growth of the Society amongst us that in 1893 there were enrolled 
342 societies in the 600 churches of the denomination. 

Notwithstanding the many varieties of society that have since arisen 
among us, the leading Young People's organization is still the Christian 
Endeavor Society. About 400 such societies, Junior Intermediate and 
Senior, being now connected with our churches. 

When this movement had" been thus largely adopted by the Reformed 
Church, it was felt that some form of cooperative action along missionary 
lines was most desirable and as a result of cansiderable conference and 
discussion the "Christian Endeavor Missionary League" was organized 
in 1893 with the purpose of uniting our young people in some specific form 
of missionary work through the Foreign and the Domestic Missionary 
Boards of the Church. The first work that was accomplished was the 
appropriation of $800 (which was raided before the League was organized) 
to the Bethel Reformed Church at Leota, Minn., which thus became 
"C. E. Church No. i." After the organization of the League was accom- 
plished, the yearly contributions were largely increased and thereafter from 
two to three "C. E. Churches" in our Domestic Mission fields were thus as- 
sisted annually, the amount raised for this purpose averaging $1,500 to $2,000 
per year. Foreign Mission work was also soon undertaken, and from $3,000 
to $4,500 per year was raised toward this work, the first "C. E. Foreign 
Missionary" to be thus sustained being Rev. William L Chamberlain, now 
the well-known Corresponding Secretary of the Foreign Alission Board 
of our Church, but then a young missionary working in the Chittoor 
Station of our Arcot Mission in India. 

Other objects of missionary and educational interest were later added, 
and for eleven years the League continued under its original title. The 
name was then changed to "The Young People's Missionary League" in 
order to include other than Christian Endeavor Societies in its activities. 



I/O THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

In 1904 Mr. Mason was succeeded as President of the League by the 
Rev. Charles VV. Gulick of Newark, N. J. In 1908 when Mr. Mason 
resignd from his official relation to the Mission Boards to become one of 
the editors of the Christian Intelligencer, he was followed as Secretary 
of Young People's Mission Work by Mr. Harry L. Kinports, whose long 
experience in Christian Endeavor work and with the local conditions of 
church life in New York City as he met them in the position of lay assistant 
to Dr. David J. Burrell, of the Collegiate Church, marked him as peculiarly 
fitted for the leadership of the young people of our Church. After an 
eminently successful service of ten years, Mr. Kinports retired from this 
position and the work for young people was transferred to the educational 
department of the Board of Publication and Bible-School Work. This 
has been since administered through Rev. Theodore F. Baylis and Rev. 
Abram Duryee. the successive Educational Secretaries of that Board. 

The history of the missionary work of the Christian Endeavor Societies 
of the Reformed Church in America has thus been told in some detail, 
because it was a unique and pioneer work amid all the many denominations 
which have adopted Christian Endeavor into their Church life and pol- 
ity. While, of course, C. E. Societies of every denomination have always 
encouraged the study and'support of missionary work, yet it was the Mission 
Boards of the Reformed Church in America who were the first to make a 
systematic and organized eflfort to educate and train the missionary zeal 
of the Christian Endeavor Societies on a denominational scale. Mr. 
Mason was the first denominational Secretary for Young People's Mission 
Work" to be officially appointed and maintained by the Mission Boards of 
and denomination, and the "Christian Endeavor Missionary League" was 
the first department of its kind to work exclusively for the development 
of the missionary activities of the young people of its denomination. 

It is gratifying to recall this fact, and to know that the principles and 
methods of this League were appreciated and employed, to a considerabe 
extent, by similar departments in other denominations which were establi- 
shed subsequent to this pioneer organization. 

The changing conditions of the passing years have since necessitated the 
adoption of other methods to conserve and to develop the missionary zeal 
of the young people of our churches. But their devotion to the cause of 
missions, and their consecration of heart and hand to this primary duty 
of every Christian have not changed nor been diminished. Each generation 
in its own way will labor to advance the coming of the Kingdom of God 
on earth and the reign in the hearts of every people of Him who is 
forever King of Kings and Lord of Lords, the Saviour of all mankind. 



CHAPTER XXVI. 
BOARD OF EDUCATION. 

REVISKD BY KE\ . JOH.N G. GEBHARD, D. D. 

An Educational Society was organized independently, in the year 1828. 
for the purpose of assisting needy students in their preparation for the 
ministry. In the eighteenth century, and early part of the nineteenth, a fee 
of £15 had been exacted from each church calling and settling a licentiate, 
and a fee of £5, generally from each student, on receiving his license to 
preach. From these moneys indigent students were sometimes assisted or 
the professorial fee for a diploma was paid, if the student was unable to 
meet the expense himself. When a fund for the support of a professorship 
began to be raised it was also stipulated that needy students should be 
assisted from the same. (Theological Seminaries). 

In 1812 it was ordered that collections should be taken up in the churches 
for this object. A committee was also appointed at the same Synod to 
confer with the trustees of Queen's College concerning the provision of a 
fund to meet the necessities of the students, while the Board of Superin- 
tendents were also permitted to draw from the treasurer of the Synod 
such amounts as they deemed proper, for this purpose. The copyright of 
the Psalm and Hymn Book was also secured to the Synod for the benefit of 
students, the publishers being requested to pay the Synod six cents for each 
copy sold. But in five years this only amounted to $240. With the first 
installments of the Van Bunschooten bequest, in 1814. some additional help 
was obtained. In 1815 Miss Rebecca Knox, of Philadelphia (a member of 
Dr. Brodhead's church), left $2,000, for the support of students, but which 
did not become immediately available. Cent societies, established in many 
congregations, also brought in means to some extent. From all these 
sources the Board of Superintendents distributed $200 in the year 1814, 
spending in addition $120 for the purchase of Hebrew Bibles. An increas- 
ing amount was appropriated each year, until 1819. when they distributed 
the sum of $1,315 ; but the amount distributed did not reach as high a figure 
as this again till 1828, the same year in which the Educational Society was 
organized. 

On the seventh day of May. 1828. a number of ministers and friends met 
in the lecture room of the Collegiate Church, in the city of Xew York, to 
consider the propriety of organizing a Board of Education. Dr. Milledoler 
was called to the chair, and opened the meeting with prayer. The cir- 
cular which called the meeting showed that, at a free conversation on the 

171 



1/2 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

general interests of the Church, held in the preceding November, between 
Rev. Messrs. Milledoler, Knox, Kuypers, Brownlee, Ludlow, P. Labagh,. 
Schermerhorn, and De Witt, it was ascertained that a general desire existed 
for more efficient action in the missionary and educational interests of the 
church. Hence this meeting at the call of the committee, to organize a 
Board of Education. A constitution was at once adopted containing twelve 
articles, stating the objects of the Board, the terms of annual and life mem- 
berships, the manner of government, through the necessary officers and an 
executive committee, and the manner of receiving beneficiaries. Any dona- 
tion of $1,500 or more, for the foundating of a scholarship, was to be dis- 
tinguished by the name of the donor. Col. Henry Rutgers was elected the 
first president. An address was at once prepared by a committee, consist- 
ing of Drs. Matthews, Brownlee. and De Witt, and distributed to the 
churches. The amount granted to a beneficiary was then limited to $90 per 
annum. They designed rather to aid a student than to sustain him fully. 
Auxiliary societies existed in certain of the Classes, and in single churches. 
During its first year the Board and its auxiliaries assisted about twenty- 
students. In 1831 this Education Society, which had been organized by indi- 
vidual, not ecclesiastical, action, requested the General Synod to take 
charge of it as its own Board. This was proposed, partly, because dona- 
tions began to be left to it, while it was not formally connected with the 
Synod, and partly to increase still further the confidence of the churches. 
The old officers were reappointed by the Synod as its officers, and a com- 
mittee was appointed to remodel it. A new board was accordingly consti- 
tuted in 1832, and the funds of the old Board were turned over to the care 
of the General Synod. 

The organization of this Board was the beginning of new life for the 
educational interests of the church. A number of scholarships were soon 
founded by individuals. Many of these were allowed to accumulate for a 
time, if not sufficient at first to meet the due appropriations to the students. 

The funds in aid of students preparing for the ministry are held by- 
different corporations. At first such funds were given in trust to Rutgers 
College, and to these additions have been made until they now (1920) 
amount to $82,500. After the General Synod was incorporated, in 1819, 
Scholarship Funds for the same purpose were entrusted to its care, and 
these now amount to $332,836.62. After the Board of Education was 
incorporated, in 1869, similar funds began to be left also to its care, and 
these now amount to $213,835.61, making a total of $629,172.23. The interest 
of this sum, with the average addition of about $10,000, annually received 
by collections in the churches or by individual gifts for the Board of Edu- 
cation, is devoted to the assistance of the students, whether in college or 
seminary, preparing for the ministry or for the medical mission field. A 
considerable portion of this amount goes for instruction in the West. In 
1850 the amount distributed was only about $5,000. The amount now 
distributed is from three to four times as much, depending on the rate of 
interest and the amount of annual offerings. Full lists of Scholarship 
Funds, with the name of each donor, and the amount of each fund, may be 



BOARD OF EDUCATION 1 73 

found in the annual reports of the treasurer of Rutgers College, the treas- 
urer of the General Synod, and the treasurer of the Board of Education. 
The total number of students enrolled as beneficiaries of the Board since 
its .organization is 1,228, of whom 14 were medical missionary students. 

TJius has this .department of the Church grown from comparatively 
insignificant beginnings. In 1865 the Synod empowered this Board to 
enlarge its sphere of operations and to co-operate with the Classes in 
the establishment of academies and classical schools within their bounds. 
During the year ending April 30, 1920, $20,506.95 were distributed among 
104 students, and $18,935.86 to seminaries, colleges and academies. 

An applicant for aid from the f.unds of the Board must have, been a 
member of an evangelical church for one year, and must be a member of a 
Reformed Church at the time of making application. He must usually be 
ready to enter college, or must have been regularly admitted into college, 
or into one of our theological seminaries, in accordance with the rules 
established therefor by the General Synod. About three-quarters of the 
present ministry of the Church are indebted to the Board of Education for 
assistance in pursuing their education, and about the same proportions 
hold true respecting the larger number of those who have finished their 
labors and have gone to their reward. 

Rev. J. F. Schermerhorn, the general agent of all the benevolent opera- 
tions of the church, was active in collecting funds for this Board, 1830-32. 
Rev. A. H. Dumont succeeded him, for a single year. Contributions 
amounted to about $3,000 per annum, at this time, although diminished in 
1832 by the epidemic. For .the next decade of years the services of a 
special secretary were dispensed with. Classical agents being employed to 
represent the educational interests of the church. In 1843 Rev. Ransford 
Wells was appointed financial secretary to take the general superintendence 
of all the boards. He occupied this position for only two years. Again, 
for more than half a score of years, the Board remained without a cor- 
responding secretary, but its small receipts (less than $1,700, in 1855) com- 
pelled it to seek a more efficient plan of operations. Rev. J. A. H. Cor- 
nell was accordingly appointed to this office, in 1855, under whose ener- 
getic efforts this Board was thoroughly revived. In 1857 the Board was 
reorganized. At the end of the six years of his service the contributions 
of the churches for this cause had increased nearly sixfold. Upon his res- 
ignation, from ill-health, in 1861, Rev. John L. See was appointed his suc- 
cessor, and rendered more than a score of years of conscientious, faithful 
service in the work of the Board, when his health failed and he was given 
a vacation for rest and recuperation. Durii,ig his incumbency 263 students 
were aided and bequests for scholarships were received aggregating $92,160. 
From the organization of the Board to the year 1861, when Dr. See assumed 
the office of secretary, 23 bequests had been received, aggregating $56,645. 

The office of corresponding secretary was declared vacant Feb. i. 1885. 
For a short time the office duties were discharged by. the. Rev. Uriah D. 
Gulick and afterward l)y the Rev. Giles H. Mandeville, D.D., who was 
elected corresponding secretary Feb. 10. 1885. and resigned his office Feb. 



174 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

I, 1900. During these years 318 students were aided and bequests aggre- 
gating $112,000 were received. Before entering upon the direct work of 
corresponding secretary of the Board Dr. Mandeville, being then President 
of Hope College, and pastor of the Harlem Reformed Church, was largely 
instrumental in raising $43,000 for our Western college and theological 
seminary, and after becoming secretary, by his suggestions and valuable 
influence, materially assisted President Kollen in raising funds for the 
larger endowment of Hope College. 

On the 1st of Feb., 1900, the Rev. John G. Gebhard became Correspond- 
ing Secretary of the Board, and continued in the office until, on account of 
defective sight and hearing, following a serious attack of fever, he felt 
obliged to tender his resignation, being relieved in August. 1920. During 
his secretaryship 365 students for the ministry and 14 medical missionary 
students were aided by the Board, and $294,376.30 were added to the 
endowment funds. 

The Rev. Willard Dayton Brown became Corresponding Secretary on 
the i6th of August, 1920, having been called to this position from the 
secretaryship of the Five Year Progress Campaign. 

The Board of Education has been signally favored in the services ren- 
dered through it to the Church by its officials. The Rev. Mancius S. 
Hutton, D.D., served the Board nearly 15 years as Corresponding Secretary, 
1842-56, his services being rendered gratuitously. He was elected President 
in 1858 and held the office until 1880. He was succeeded as President by 
the Rev. John Gaston, D.D., who died in 1901. Thus the Board had but 
two presidents in 43 years. It has also been peculiarly favored in its 
treasurers, Mr. Frederick J. Hosford having most acceptably filled this 
office for 33 years, 1856-89, while Mr. John F. Berry, the present efficient 
treasurer, has held the office for 13 years. The Rev. William H. Ten 
Eyck, D.D., served as Recording Secretary for 30 years, 1859-89; and the 
Rev. Theodore W. Welles, D.D., filled the same office for 21 years, from 
1891 to 1912. 

The principal necessity for the incorporation of the Board of Education 
arose from the fact that, becoming familiarly known as the Board of 
Education, funds were devised for it under that title. Having no legal 
existence as such, it could not claim these funds. After some losses of 
moneys so devised, for future security the Board was incorporated, Oct. 
13, 1869. At the annual session of the General Synod in 1919. the Board 
was authorized to extend its charter so as to make it a part of its regular 
work to assist not only students for the ministry and educational institu- 
tions, but also medical missionary students and "such other form of Chris- 
tian leadership as may be approved by the Board or the General Synod." 

For rules regarding assistance to medical missionary students, or for 
any other information about the workings of the Board of Education, ap- 
plication should be made to its Corresponding Secretary, Reformed Church 
Building, 25 East 22nd St., New York City. 



CHAPTER XXVII. 
THE PERIODICALS OF THE REFORMED CHURCH L\ AMERICA. 

BY REV. J.^MES BOYD HUNTER, EDITOR OF THE (. HRLSTL-VX INTELLIGENCER 
.AND MISSION FIELD. 

In the Fourth Edition of Corwin's Manual, under the title "The Mis- 
sionary Periodicals of the Reformed Church," Rev. A. DeW. Mason, 
D.D., at that time the editor of The Mission Field, prepared an article 
narrating the history of the distinctively missionary periodicals which have 
appeared from time to time. In that he said among the earliest of the per- 
iodicals devoted to our missionary interests were the Journal of Missions and 
Tlie Day Spring, which were issued about 1852 and continued to be published 
for some years. About 1855 they were succeeded by Tlie So'wer and Gospel 
Field, and in 1881 by The Soiver and Mission Monthly. This latter paper, 
with several changes, continued until 1888, when it was superseded by the 
The Mission Field. The several boards, with the exception of the Board 
of Publication and the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions, united in 
sustaining this magazine. The Woman's Board of Foreign Missions 
for a number of years published the Mission Gleaner, but several years 
ago this also was combined with The Mission Field, which therefore repre- 
sented the united missionary interests of the denomination. 

A number of periodicals at various times have been issued for the pur- 
pose of creating interest among the scholars of the Bible Schools, the latest 
of these being The Day Star, which from 1896 was generally distributed, 
but in the course of time it was found inexpedient to continue its publica- 
tion. Since its discontinuance there has been no paper intended exclusively 
for the younger people of the church. 

The Reformed Church in America nearly one hundred years ago felt 
the need of some organ of communication whereby information might be 
given and discussion carried on among the members of the church. This 
feeling found its culmination in The Magazine of the Reformed Dutch 
Church, a monthly which was issued for the first time in April, 1826, 
under the editorship of Rev. William Craig Brownlee, D.D. That the 
missionary spirit was strong in those days is proved by the fact that the 
very first article in this magazine was on "The Duty and Necessity of 
Missionary Exertions:" and always, from 1826 to 1922, the periodicals of 
whatever name, which have been issued by the church or by its members, 
have had a distinctively missionary interest. 

The Magazine of the Reformed Dutch Church continued in its original 



176 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

form for about four years, and was then superseded by a weekly paper 
bearing the familiar title of Christian Intelligencer. The first issue of 
this took place on the 7th of August, 1830. There have been many changes 
in form, many changes in editors, some changes in price, but under what- 
ever editor and at whatever price and in whatever form, Christian Intel- 
ligencer has been made true to the thought of its founders and has endeav- 
ored always to be a servant of the church and a leader in all good works. 

Perhaps no detailed story of the history of the Christian Intelligencer 
will ever be written. The tribulations of religious journalism have left 
their mark all along the years and the editors have beert always men who 
believed that their mission in disseminating information and molding 
opinion was of God. This belief they held in spite of the fact that to none 
of them came pecuniary reward. Whether under individual ownership or 
in an association, the financial returns have never been adequate and the 
several men who throughout the ninety years' existence of the paper have 
given their services, have been men to whom self-sacrifice was familiar. 
Upon the death of Dr. J. B. Drury in 1909 the control of the paper passed 
to Drs. N. H. Van Arsdale and A. DeWitt Mason, who continued as editors 
until ill health compelled them to seek retirement in 1917. The General 
Synod in that year wa£ requested by the editors to take the paper into its 
control, and it did so, at the same time appointing Rev. W. P. Bruce, D.D., 
of Yonkers, N. Y., as the Editor-in-Chief. Dr. Bruce continued until his 
ill health and subsequent death terminated his labors in October, 1920. 
In July, 1920. Rev. James Boyd Hunter became editor and still holds the 
position. 

Conditions in the printing trade were very seriously altered by the 
coming of the war in Europe, and even before the retirement of Drs. 
Van Arsdale and Mason the cost of issuing the paper was increasing. 
After the United States became an active participant in the war this cost 
became crushingly great. But the Christian Intelligencer continued, and 
even during the war reduced its price, at the same time reducing the num- 
ber of pages in each issue. 

The Boards were required, under the direction of General Synod, to pay 
the deficit which occurred in publication ; and they, while recognizing 
the value of the Christian Intelligencer as a medium of information were 
disposed to feel that some change should be effected whereby its value 
would not be decreased but its cost materially lessened. They finally 
decided to unite it with the Mission Field. The first issue of the Chris- 
tian Intelligencer and Mission Field appeared at a reduced price Jan. 4, 
1922. 

With the growth of the church in the West came an increasing demand 
for a paper which should represent that section and give more attention to 
local news than was possible in a paper issued from New York. In 
■consequence of this The Leader was brought into being in the year 1905. 
The Leader is issued from Holland, Mich., under the direction of a group 
of ministers residing there, chiefly those Connected with Hope College and 
the Western Seminar\^ Intended primarily to aid those two institutions, 



PERIODICALS OF Tllli REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA I77 

The Leader has always given large place to articles bearing upon the in- 
terests of education both in the college and in the seminary. Likewise it 
has liberally aided in young people's work both in the Sunday School and 
in societies, and is noted for the thoroughness of its Sunday School helps. 
At the present time under an editorial staff consisting of Drs. E. J. Blek- 
kink, J. E. Kuizenga, and H. Geerlings, The Leader continues to be an 
active and efficient molder of religious thought and maintains a wide influ- 
ence in the western part of the church. 

Mention should be made of two foreign language papers which operate 
in both portions of the church where the presence of Holland and German 
speaking members make it advisable to circulate such papers. In the 
Holland language De Hope, issued at Holland with the help of the faculties 
of the two institutions and using in part the same material as The Leader, 
does its work for the Holland speaking members of the denomination. Die 
Mitarbeiter, circulates among the German speaking people, esoecially in the 
West. 

Reformed Church pastors of Somerset County, New Jersey, since 1906 
have maintained a monthly paper called The Somerset Church News. This 
contains a monthly summary of the happenings in the dozen churches 
of the Reformed denomination located in Somerset County, together with 
articles prepared by some of the editors, and other material. 



CHAPTER XXVIII. 
HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. 

REVISED BY REV. WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, PH.D., D.D., CORRESPONDING 
SECRET.^RY OF THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. 

Christianity is a missionary religion. That through Abraham's seed all 
the families of the earth should be blessed is the underlying thought of the 
Old Testament. Alake disciples of all nations was the Master's command 
to his Church. "The Acts of the Apostles" is the first chapter in this 
world-wide enterprise. In three centuries the Roman Empire was obliged 
to acknowledge that the Galilean had conquered. By the year 500 the 
whole Roman Empire was nominally Christianized ; and in six centuries 
more all the rest of Europe except Lapland. But then came four centuries 
— 1100 to 1500 — of almost entire inactivity in regard to mission work. The 
Papal Church was moribund. Hence the necessity of the Reformation. 

But the churches of the Reformation for almost three centuries did 
comparatively little mission work. A corrupt church fought against re- 
viving evangelical truth. Protestants were unable to secure civil and 
religious recognition before 1648, at the Peace of Westphalia, almost a 
century and a half after the dawn of the Reformation. They could not 
do much for missions while fighting for their very life. Even among 
Protestants, the union of church and state continued, with the general 
non-toleration of dissenters. There were also great discussions about 
church polity. All these things greatly hampered the proper development 
of the spiritual life of the church and delayed her due consideration of her 
world-wide mission to the heathen. 

Moreover, Protestants could do little toward evangelizing the heathen, 
while the naval and commercial power of the world remained in the hands 
of Roman Catholics. This power needed to be transferred to Protestants 
before they could become familiar with distant parts, and with the charac- 
ter, numbers and condition of heathen peoples. Only when the facts 
became known would their duty become apparent. Only, also, when in 
possession of the naval and commercial power of the world would they 
have facilities for sending missionaries everywhere. Such are some of the 
obvious reasons for the tardy development of the missionary spirit among 
Protestants. 

But there were also some benefits in this delay. The Reformed Church 
was becoming more fully imbued with divine truth. The great Protestant 
creeds were being formed. A more thorough indoctrination of the people 

178 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 179 

was taking place. The true evangelical spirit, love to the perishing, was 
also in process of development. 

There were, however, examples of missionary zeal before the nine- 
teenth century. The first distinctively Protestant mission was that of 
Gustavus Vasa. King of Sweden, to Lapland, in 1559. Subsequently, at the 
suggestion of Grotius, Peter Heilig went to Abyssinia, in 1634, and gave 
that people a new version of the Scriptures in the Amharic tongue. Then, 
also, all the charters of the great commercial companies — English, Dutch, 
and Danish — referred to the duty of evangelizing the natives of the coun- 
tries with which they traded. 

The merchants of the United Provinces organized the East India Com- 
pany (1602-1795). They established commercial colonies at many points 
upon the coast of Asia, and on many of the contiguous islands. The 
company, the government, and the church worked together to supply the 
settlements .with Christian pastors. These godly men were moved with 
compassion for the multitudes of heathen surrounding them. They learned 
many of the languages of Asia, preached to Buddhists and Mohammedans, 
and translated Christian books into Tamil, Malay, Chinese, etc. The gov- 
ernment and church at home assisted the colonial pastors generously, al- 
though not always wisely.' 

The first clergyman from Holland arrived in Batavia in the year 1598. 
In 1620 Christian worship was established. It was at first conducted in 
the Portuguese and Chinese languages. Rev. Messrs. Dubbledryk and 
Candidus were probably the first ministers sent to the East Indies. The 
former was soon suspended 'for immoral conduct ; the letter, by insisting 
upon monogamy among the natives, awakened such a spirit of opposition 
that it was considered prudent to transfer him to Formosa in 1627, the 
government cautioning him not to give offense to the Chinese and Japanese 
emperors. 

Soon after 1620 the Xetherlands East India Company supported clergy- 
men of the Reformed Church in Ceylon, Sumatra. Java, Amboyna, Hcrcso- 
ria, Isles of Banda, Coromandel, Sural, China, Formosa, Siam, and Japan. 
In all these countries, or dependencies, churches and school houses were 
built by the combined action of the company, the government, the church 
at home, and the colonies. 

Many translations were made. For the use of the Tamils of Ceylon and 
India the Bible was partially translated. Versions were also made in 
Chinese and Malay of portions of the Scriptures. The catechism of the 
church was published in Tamil, Chinese, and Malay, and was translated into 
some of the local dialects. 

To thousands of men the Gospel was preached. In the province of 
Jaffna alone, in Ceylon, there were thirty-four churches appropriated to the 
use of the native population, in which 63.000 hearers gathered, exclusive of 
2.000 baptized slaves, while the schools connected with them had over 



'"The Archive.s of the Classis of Amsterdam" preserves all this East 
Indian corresjjondence. See also Van Troostenberg's "De Hervormde- 
kerk in Nederlandsche Cost Indie," 1884. 



l8o THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

16,000 native children in regular attendance. Thousands of natives in 
Ceylon, in Bat'avia, in Formosa, were baptized on professing an intellectual 
assent to the Word of God. Evidences of conversion and a statement of 
Christian experience were noxvhere required. Besides this, employment 
under the government was given only to the natives who had made such a 
profession. This, too, was in accordance with almost universal custom. 
Intended as an encouragement, it acted as a bribe. 

The disposition of the Church of the Netherlands may be learned from 
the fact that, between 1615 and 1725, no less than 336 ministers had labored 
on the islands or mainland of what was then commonly called the East 
Indies. Some were only the pastors of the colonists from the United 
Provinces, others were truly missionaries to the heathen. 

When the government of the Netherlands was exhausted by long and 
costly wars, and became unable to re-enforce many of its Asiatic commer- 
cial posts, they were overpowered by the superior numbers of. the English, 
and brought under the English government. The English East India Com- 
pany not only totally neglected the Christian work begun by the Hollanders 
in Asia, but opposed all attempts to win the natives to Christianity. 

The Church of Holland also, through the West India Company (1621- 
1664) did something for the Indians in America, including the West Indies 
and Brazil. The American ministers often allude in their correspondence 
to the sad condition of the natives, and the necessity of evangelizing them ; 
and in the calls of these ministers there are sometimes stipulations that they 
should not neglect the natives. 

At various localities in New York and New Jersey the Gospel was 
preached to the red man by the pastors of the Reformed churches, and 
prayers ofifered by the people for his conversion and salvation. Recorded 
particulars of this work are preserved, especially in connection with the 
settlement at Albany. In 1643 Rev. Mr. Megapolensis began to labor 
among the Mohawk Indians living near what is now called Albany. This 
was three years previous to the labors of Rev. John Eliot, of Roxbury, 
Mass., among the Indians of that locality. Large numbers of the Mohawks 
attended the preaching of Megapolensis, who had become quite a fiuent 
speaker in their language. Many of them were truly converted, baptized, 
and received into the fellowship of the Reformed Church of Albany. The 
baptismal register of that church contains the names of these converts, of 
whom the greater proportion were of adult years. (Megapolensis). 

The work, so well begun by this good man, was carried on by his suc- 
cessors in the pastoral office. The Rev. Godfriedus Dellius, settled in 
Albany in 1683, labored with much success among these red men. During 
his ministry, in 1691, the Indians petitioned the English Governor, Henry 
Slaughter, that His Excellency "will for the future take an especial care 
that we may be instructed in the Christian religion." The Governor re- 
turned a favorable reply. In 1703 the Rev. Mr. Lydius, the successor of 
Dellius, labored among the Mphawks, receiving the countenance of the 
Governor, and having from him a special pecuniary provision in considera- 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS l8l 

tion of the work. When Lydius died there were thirty Indian Communi- 
cants in the church of Albany. (Dellius, Lydius). 

The success of the work attracted attention in Great Britain, and in A 
Nciv Geographical and Historical Grammar, edited by a Mr. Salmon, and 
published in London, in 1760, it is said in regard to the Mohawks: "At 
Albany they are all brought to the profession of Christianity, and all 
baptized ; and some of them seem to have a tolerable notion of it, and have 
earnestly desired a missionary to be sent among them ; and to encourage 
this good disposition in them, the Society (for the Propagation of the 
Gospel in Foreign Parts) appointed a catechist among them, a native of 
America, who has resided among them and applied himself to the study of 
their language, and met with very good success." The Rev. Mr. Freeman 
also, the pastor of the Reformed Church of Schenectady, about 1700, 
took great pains to instruct the Mohawks who came to that town. He 
reported to the society already mentioned that "he had translated into 
Indian the morning and evening prayers of our liturgy, the whole Gospel 
of St. Matthew, the first three chapters of Genesis, several chapters of 
Exodus, several Psalms, many portions of the Scriptures relating to the 
birth, passion, resurrection, and ascension of our Lord, and several chap- 
ters of the First Epistle to the Corinthians, particularly the fifteenth chap- 
ter, proving the resurrection of the dead." He also translated the Ten 
Commandments and the Apostles' Creed. These translations were pre- 
sented to the society, and some of them were printed in the city of New 
York about 1713. (Freeman). 

Through the West India Company, also, the Church of Holland sent 
many ministers to Cape Colony, and the negroes of the vicinity were not 
forgotten. 

The English East India Company was antagonistic to mission work until 
1813, when the rising missionary spirit of Great Britain compelled it to 
yield. Something, however, had already been accomplished in India. The 
Danish Company was the means of greatly helping the famous Tranquebar 
Mission in southeastern Hindustan (1708-98) and some other fields of less 
note. The rise of Puritanism, also, in England (1550), with its demands 
for a purer church and a more Scriptural polity, and of Pietism, in Ger- 
many, about 1670, with the influence of Spener, Francke, and Zinzendorf 
for missions, constitute bright chapters in the history of the later prepara- 
tion of the church for her world-wide duty. 

The charters of the American colonies, also, all contained clauses con- 
cerning the duty of evangelizing the natives. Indeed, the Puritans had 
the extension of Christ's Kingdom definitely in mind in their emigration. 
In 1649 a company was actually organized in England, during Cromwell's 
administration, for the propagation of the Gospel in New England. It 
was this society, under the lead of the liberal Robert Boyle, which sup- 
])orted Eliot and the Mayhews and other missionaries in New England; 
and the two editions of Eliot's Indian Bible — 1664 and 1685 — were printed 
at the expense of this society. In 1698, Domine Selyns in New York 
sent to Boston for a copy of this Bible as an evidence of the progress in 



l82 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

missions. This first copy, sent to the Classis of Amsterdam, was captured 
by the French. A second copy was sent and is now in a Hbrary at Middel- 
burg, Holland.* 

In 1701 the Society for Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts was 
chartered in England. Until 1800 the eflforts of this society were chiefly 
directed to the support of Episcopal clergymen in the colonies ; yet some 
work was done among the Indians. In the correspondence of its ministers 
frequent mention is also made of the labors of Dutch ministers among the 
Indians.* In 1709 the Society for Propagating Christian Knowledge was 
formed in Scotland, and in 1741 a Board of Correspondence was established 
in New York. Under their care Horton and the Brainerds labored among 
the Indians on Long Island and in New Jersey and Pennsylvania, and were 
supported by the churches generally. In 1763 the Presbyterian Synod of 
New York ordered collections to be taken up in all churches. Work was 
begun among the Oneidas in 1766, and shortly after in Ohio. The troubles 
then existing in the Dutch Church may have prevented any very active 
co-operation in this movement. 

Then there were also the later Moravians, from 1732 and onward, with 
their zeal and self-denial, with their remarkable series of missions in the 
most unpropitious places — an ever-living example to the whole church 
of Christ. 

In the meantime the rise and progress of Methodism in England, 1738, 
under the Wesleys and Whitefield, was a great preparation for the proper 
development of the true missionary spirit. Thomas Coke became the 
famous leader in this division of the work. Such were some of the earlier 
Protestant efiforts, and such some of the Providential preparations for the 
rise of modern missions. 

The last decade of the eighteenth century witnessed a revival in the in- 
terest of missions. Then arose throughout Protestant Christendom a 
general desire and determination to organize definitely for the conversion 
of the whole world. There was in that decade an evident outpouring of 
the Spirit of God upon all parts of Christendom, to begin this new, great 
enterprise. As far back as 1744 Whitefield had proposed that special hours 
of prayer should be observed for the pouring out of the Spirit anew on the 
churches and on the whole earth. Also, in 1747, Edwards had published 
his pamphlet exhorting God's people to union in "extraordinary prayer 
for the revival of religion and the advancement of Christ's Kingdom 
upon earth." In 1784 Carey repeated and emphasized the same thoughts. 
Many prayers were oflfered, and in answer to them the spirit of in- 
difference among professed Christians began to melt away. In the Church 
of England, also about this time, rose up such men as Thomas Scott, the 
commentator ; Simeon, the evangelical sermonizer ; John Newton, the 
Venns, Wilberforce, Cowper, and Lady Huntington. These were choice 



'Dr. E. T. Corwin made inquiry for this copy of Eliot's Indian Bible 
•when in Holland in 1897, and learned this fact. 

^See Anderson's "Annals of Colonial Ch."; Humphrey's "Hist. Col. Ch."; 
■"Doc. Hist. N. Y.," vol. iii, pp. 591. 598, 698, etc.; "Classified Digest of the 
Records of the Soc. for Prop. Gospel," London, 1894. 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSION'S 1 83 

Spirits, all deeplj' interested in reviving the church at home and in sending 
the Gospel to the ends of the earth. 

But the moving spirit, whom God raised up for the formal initiation of 
the great enterprise, was William Carey, an English Baptist minister, 
living on a salary of $75 per year. He urged united prayer, and those pray- 
ers were answered. At length, in the little back parlor of a poor widow, 
twelve believers met and subscribed fi2, 2s. 6d., and upon such a basis 
of faith and works they formed "A Society for Propagating the Gospel 
Among the Heathen." And this was the definite beginning of "modern 
missions." Carey offered to go to India. The English East India Com- 
pany would not take him on their ships. He finally secured passage on a 
Danish East Indiaman, and sailed in June, 1793. He met with an un- 
welcome reception at Calcutta. His friends heard nothing from him in 
fourteen months. Then letters were received full of joy and faith. 

The Christian heart of England was touched at such faith and perse- 
verance. In 1795 began a series of missionary meetings in London. The 
Independents called on all Christians to unite for the conversion of the 
world. Two sermons were preached on Missions daily for three successive 
days. The London Missionary Society was speedily organized, composed 
of Independents, Presbyterians, and Episcopalians. The country ministers 
at once subscribed £750. The flames spread all over Great Britain. Sub- 
scriptions came in abundantly. Societies were formed in Edinburgh and 
Glasgow. This then novel idea — missions to the ivhole K'or/d took possession 
of many hearts. In another year the voluntary contributions amounted to 
£10,000. A ship was brought, the "Duflf," and fitted up, and a company of 
four ministers and twenty-five others sailed on Aug. 10, 1796, for Polynesia, 
in connection with most impressive services, in which clergymen of all 
denominations joined. 

The following year was a year of prayer throughout Great Britain for 
God's blessing on the world. Tidings came of movements everywhere to 
raise funds and secure men to go to the heathen world. In 1799, chiefly 
through the efforts of the Evangelical Simeon of the Church of England, 
but aided by Venn and Wilberforce, "The Church Missionary Society" 
was organized. In all, within seven years after that meeting in the widow 
Wallis' back parlor, there were seven great societies started in Great 
Britain, all of which have now been in operation for more than a century, 
laboring in all parts of the world. Carey's life of usefulness, after having 
published from his press, at Calcutta, no less than twenty-six diflferent ver- 
sions of the Scriptures, ended in 1834. Scores of societies have sprung up 
in Great Britain since, and many millions of pounds have been voluntarily 
given toward the evangelization of the world. 

A similar interest sprang up about the same time in Germany, Holland, 
Sweden, and Switzerland, and in these countries many societies were also 
organized, all of which at once entered into correspondence with the 
London society. 

The various denominations in America had just become reorganized as 
Churches — entirely independent of European control, when the accounts of 



184 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Carey's Society and the London Missionary Society reached their ears. 
They felt the necessity of immediately taking part in this great scheme, yet 
so novel, the conversion of the whole world. In connection with this the 
closing years of that century witnessed a revival of wonderful power in 
America, which destroyed much of the evil effects, morally considered, of 
the Revolution ; and missionary societies sprung up everywhere. But we 
now limit our account chiefly to the Reformed (Dutch) Church. 

THE REFORMED (dUTCH) CHURCH AND MISSIONS — FIRST PERIOD — EARLY 
EFFORTS (1796-1832). 

In November, 1796, the New York Missionary Society was formed in 
the city of New York. The Presbyterian, Reformed, and Baptist churches 
were represented in its membership. During the first year of its existence 
one thousand dollars were contributed for the support of its work. The 
first missionary, the Rev. Joseph Bullen, was sent to the Chickasaw Indians, 
in Georgia ; aid was granted to the Rev. John Sergeant, a missionary to the 
Stockbridge Indians, Connecticut ; and an Indian preacher, named Paul 
Cuffee, was supported amongst the Indians of Suffolk County, Long Island. 
In 1800 the society added a missionary to the Tuscaroras and Senecas in 
Western New York, employing also, by his request, Nicholas Cusick as a 
native helper. This work was continued with considerable success for a 
number of years. 

The first extant list of officers published in 1799, has the following 
names : 

John Rodgers, D.D., President. 

John H. Livingston, D.D., Vice-President. 

Mr. Divie Bethune, Treasurer. 

Rev. John M. Mason, Secretary. 

Rev. Samuel Miller, Clerk. 

William Linn, D.D., John McKnight, D.D., Rev. Gerardus Kuypers, 
Rev. John N. Abeel, Peter Wilson, LL.D.. Thomas Mackaness, Esq., An- 
thony Post, Esq., Leonard Bleecker, Esq., Mr. George Lindsay. Mr. George 
Warner, Mr. John Bingham, Mr. John Mills, Directors. 

A remarkable feature of the method adopted by this organization is found 
in the "Plan for social prayer," adopted Jan. 18, 1798. By this plan a union 
prayer-meeting was established by these resolutions : 

"i. .That the second Wednesday evening of every month, beginning at 
candlelight, be observed, from February next, by the members of the 
society, and all who are willing to join with them, for the purpose of offer- 
ing up their prayers and supplications to the God of grace, that He would 
be pleased to pour out His Spirit on His Churc/i, and send his Gospel to all 
nations; and that He would succeed the endeavors of this society, and all 
societies instituted on the same principles, and for the same ends. 

"2. That these evenings of prayer be observed in rotation, in the churches 
of this city to whose judicatories they may be acceptable, and of which 
there is a minister belonging to this society; beginning with the Old Pres- 
byterian Church and proceeding next to the Scots Presbyterian Church, 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 185 

next to the New Dutch Church, next to the First Baptist Church, next to 
the Brick Presbyterian Church, next to the North Dutch Church, and then 
the service to revert to the place it began ; provided that, if the ministers of 
any other churches become members of the society, a due proportion of the 
services, in the regular course, be performed in said churches." 

This custom had in it the germ of the monthly concert. 

In 1800 the "New York Missionary Magazine" was established, and in 
it reports were given of the operations of this society, with letters from the 
missionaries, as well as accounts of the work of the London Missionary 
Society and others. It continued to be issued for four years. ^ 

Powerful missionary sermons were preached under the auspices of the 
New York Society which did much to arouse a missionary spirit in the 
churches. On Nov. 7, 1797, Rev. Dr. John M. Mason preached a memorable 
sermon in the Presbyterian Church, in Wall street, on "Messiah's Throne," 
from Hebrews i, 8: "Thy throne, O God, is forever and ever."* The 
audience is described as "crowded, attentive, and serious, and the collec- 
tion made after the sermon was large, and did great honor to the liberality 
of the citizens of New York." On April 23, 1799 (the annual meeting 
having been adjourned from November, 1798, on account of the ravages 
of the yellow fever). Rev. Dr. John H. Livingston preached in the Scotch 
Presbyterian Church, in Cedar street, his famous sermon on "The Glory 
of the Redeemer," from Col. iii, 11: "Christ is all in all." The Rev. Drs. 
John Rodgers, John McKnight, William Linn, John N. Abeel, and many 
others, also preached great missionary sermons during these years ; but, 
perhaps, the most powerful o1 all was one by Dr. Livingston, in 1804, on 
"The Everlasting Gospel." This was also delivered in the Cedar street 
church, and was from the text Rev. xiv, 6-7 : "And I saw another angel fly 
in the midst of heaven, having The Everlasting Gospel to preach unto 
them that dwell upon the earth," etc. These sermons were generally re- 
peated in other places and printed and extensively read. They were like 
a clarion call from heaven in their efforts, and wondrously stimulated the 
missionary spirit. 

The Northern Missionary Society was formed during a meeting held at 
Lansingburgh, N. Y., on the nth of January, 1797, when a constitution 
was provisionally adopted, and adjourned to meet at Albany, N. Y., on 
Feb. 14, 1797, when the constitution was amended, altered, and finally 
adopted. This society included ministers and members of the Reformed, 
Presbyterian, and Baptist churches. The officers for the first year, most 
of whom were continued for several years, were as follows: 

Rev. Dirck Romeyn, D.D., President. 

Rev. James Proudfit, Vice-President. 

Rev. John Bassett, Secretary. 

Rev. Jonas Coe, Clerk. 

Rev. Elbert Willet, Treasurer. 



<The volume for 1800 contains 480 pages, and is the principal authority 
for facts about the founding of the N. Y. Missionary Society. 
•Still to be had of the Tract Society. 



l86 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Revs. Dr. John B. Smith, John Close, Samuel Smith, Isaac Labagh, John 
B. Johnson, David S. Bogart, William McCauley. Daniel Marsh, James 
Mairs, John Dunlap, Anthony T. Brunn, Robert F. Smith, Alexander 
Proudfit, Jacob Sickles, General James Gordon, Hunloche Woodruff, M.D., 
Messrs. Ebenezer Clark, Abraham Eights, Isaac Hutton, Jacob Vander- 
heyden, Abraham Hunn, General Abraham Outhout, Messrs. Elijah Janes, 
Cornelius P. Wyckoff, Directors. 

This association was similar to that organized in New York City. It 
continued to e.xist till about 1830. It sent missionaries to the Indians of 
Central and Western New York. Many were instructed in the truth, and 
led to the Lord Jesus Christ. 

About the year 1800 missionary societies were formed in Connecticut, 
New Jersey, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire. All instructed the 
Indians in the Word of God; all also kept in view the work of evangeliz- 
ing pagan nations. The magazines published by these organizations re- 
ported the work of the Moravians, of the London Missionary Society, then 
engaged on the South Sea Islands, and of the attempts made to introduce 
the Gospel among the people of Africa and India. By this intelligence, by 
the sermons preached, the appeals made, a missionary spirit was awakened 
in all parts of the United States, which culminated in the formation of 
the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, in 1810. In 
181 1 the Berean Society was organized in the New Brunswick Seminary 
for practical improvement in piety and to gain missionary intelligence. In 
1820 it was changed into the Society of Inquiry concerning mission fields. 
The American Board suggested, in 181 1, to the General Assembly of the 
Presbyterian Church, the formation in New York of a body similar to the 
American Board, to co-operate with it ; but owing to the extensive engage- 
ments of that church it did not seem feasible. 

In 1816 an invitation was received from the General Assembly of the 
Presbyterian Church by the General Synod "to appoint commissioners to 
meet commissioners of the General Assembly, for the purpose of arranging 
a plan for the formation of a Society for Foreign Missions." Seven com- 
missioners were appointed, five ministers and two elders. The result of 
their deliberations was the formation of the United Missionary Society, 
"composed of the Presbyterian, Dutch Reformed and Associate Reformed 
Churches, and all others who may choose to join with them." The con- 
stitution of the new society was submitted to the General Synod in 1817.' 
The object stated therein was "To spread the Gospel among the Indians' of 
North America, the inhabitants of Mexico and South America, ajid in other 
portions of the heathen and anti-Christian world." Alissionaries were to 
be "elected from the three churches indiscriminately," and an annual report 
to be made to the highest judicatory of the three denominations for their 
information. The constitution was approved by Synod, and it was "rec- 
ommended to all ministers and churches to give the measure their active 



""Minutes General Synod." 1816, pp. 16, 17; 1817, pp. 6, 39, 40: 1818. p. 37. 
'In 1821 Dr. Milledoler makes a covenant with the Osage Indians on th« 
Missouri to receive a missionary. ("Missionary Herald," 1821, p. 26.) 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN' MISSIONS iS/ 

support." A committee was also appointed, consisting of Dr. Philip Mille- 
doler and Elder Stephen van Rensselaer, to meet with other committees 
for the purpose of carrying the plan into execution. Thus was the Re- 
formed Dutch Church, for the first time in this country, formally com- 
mitted to the work of executir.g the high commission of her Lord. The 
missions and property of the New York Missionary Society were trans- 
ferred to the United Missionary Society in 1821. 

In 1818 the above recommendation was earnestly renewed, and it was also 
resolved that, "at some convenient time during the session of every Synod. 
a missionary sermon be preached before Synod and a collection be taken 
for missionary purposes." This excellent provision continued in force until 
i860, though the "collection" seems to have lapsed at an earlier period. 
Many of the most eminent names in the ministry of the Church are found 
in the list of preachers. 

It was during the existence of this society, although not under its care, 
that John Scudder, M.D., went to India (1819). He was a member of the 
Dutch church in Franklin street, New York. While in professional attend- 
ance on a lady, he read, in an anteroom, the tract, "The Conversion of the 
World; or. The Claims of Six Hundred Millions." He was so deeply 
affected thereby that he soon consecrated himself to mission work. He 
went to India as a physician under the American Board; but on May 15. 

1821, he was ordained by a company of ministers in Ceylon, composed of 
Baptists. Methodists and Congregationalists. (See Missionary Herald, 

1822, p. 171). (Scudder, John). 

The United Missionary Society operated chiefly, if not altogether, among 
the American Indians. But in a few years pecuniary embarrassments in- 
creased and it was proposed that it should be united with the American 
Board. The matter was earnestly discussed in the General Synod and 
many ministers opposed it. In 1826 two definite acts were proposed : 

1. Consenting to the amalgamation of the United Missionary Society with 
the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. This was 
accomplished and the United Society ceased to exist. 

2. Recommending to the Missionary Board of the Church, established in 
1822, and which had been hitherto wholly domestic in its operations, "to 
consider the propriety of taking measures to begin missionary operations 
among the aborigines of our own country and clseti'here.'"^ Gentle as was 
this latter recommendation, and sanctioned by the course of other churches, 
it seems to have frightened some in the church who afterward became 
leaders in the cause of Foreign Missions. 

The committee of 1827 reported: "Your committee is not aware what 
considerations led the last Synod to recommend a Foreign Mission by our 
church in her individual capacity. Yet as it has been recommended, as the 
board has made progress in preparatory steps, and it has gone before the 
churches, they feel themselves to be so delicately situated as to be unable to 
suggest any measures in relation to it, though as a committee they con- 
sider it matter of very doubtful expediency." 



'"Minutes General Synod." 1826. pp. 58-61; 1827, pp. 74-77. 



iSS THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

It is not difficult, now, to perceive what the reasons were which moved 
some in the church to propose action of such "doubtful expediency." The 
earlier missions of the American Board had been successfully established; 
through the baptism by immersion of Judson and Rice the great Baptist 
denomination had become interested in Foreign Missions and the Baptist 
Missionary Union organized ; the life and death of Harriet Newell, the 
character, remarkable career and heroic sufferings of Mr. and Mrs. Judson 
— these and many other influences had awakened a widespread interest in' 
the subject throughout all the churches. Added to this the letters and ad- 
dresses of Dr. John Scudder, from Ceylon, may be supposed to have 
quickened the faith and zeal of many in the church to which he belonged, 
and to have suggested the idea of a distinct call to and responsibility for 
such work which could only be met by effort "in her individual capacity." 
The spirit that would finally lead to such effort was present and growing. 

It was during this period that the Rev. David Abeel was sent in 1829 by 
the Seamen's Friend Society to Canton as a chaplain. Mrs. Thomas C. 
Doremus was present at his departure from Boston, and this was, perhaps, 
the public beginning of her untiring zeal for almost half a century in the 
missionary cause. It was thought that by such an appointment Mr. Abeel 
would be enabled to learfi the language, become acquainted with the cus- 
toms of China, and perhaps to preach the Gospel to the people. In the 
course of the year Mr. Abeel became a missionary of the American Board 
in Java. He traveled much in the Indian Archipelago and elsewhere, 
seeking hopeful fields of labor. His character and work increased the 
interest already existing. He was one of the pioneers of American mis- 
sions in China. Few men accomplished more in conciliating the Chinese, 
in informing the Christians of England and America respecting that great 
nation and in awakening an interest in their condition. (Abeel, David). 

SECOND PERIOD CO-OPERATION WITH THE AMERICAN BOARD, 1832-1857. 

In 1831 the Committee on Missions reported to the General Synod: "We 
believe the time is not far distant when it (a Foreign Mission) may be 
undertaken with good prospect of success. But the committee is of the 
opinion that the time has not yet arrived."' It was probably nearer than 
this committee was ready to believe. For there were not a few in the 
Reformed Church who were not altogether pleased that the contributions of 
the Dutch churches were used only for the organization and support of 
Congregational churches in heathen lands, and that no provision was made 
for the establishment of churches of their own order. This dissatisfaction 
increased until 1832, when a plan was adopted by the board and the church, 
under which the church, while retaining the advantages of a connection 
with the American Board, was allowed to conduct missions according to its 
own ecclesiastical polity. 

The minutes of the Particular Synod of New York for 1832 contained 
"a recommendation of the subject of Foreign Missions to the immediate 
and prayerful consideration of the General Synod." A similar recommen- 



•"Minutes General Synod," 1831. pp. 380-1. 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 189 

dation was found in the minutes of the Particular Synod of Albany. As 
these were the only Synods at that time, it was manifest that the entire 
church was awakened to the importance of this subject. The considerations 
presented were the. following: 

1. That it is the Lord's design that the Gospel should be preached to 
every creature. 

2. That there are in the Scriptures a variety of passages which guarantee 
its success. 

3. That the Great Commission has as yet been very imperfectly executed. 

4. That the signs of the times indicate that its accomplishment is near 
at hand. 

5. That it is to be accomplished by human instrumentality, blessed of God 
for the purpose. 

6. That it is the duty of every denomination, church, and Christian to aid 
in the great work by any means in their power. 

7. That the Reformed Dutch Church has never entered into the work 
with a spirit proportioned to its means or its duty. 

8. That a more favorable opportunity now exists than has, perhaps, ever 
before occurred, to enter upon it, inasmuch as one of her own sons (Abeel) 
has devoted himself to it, is now engaged in exploring hopeful fields of 
labor, will probably soon return to this country and might for a season be 
happily employed in rousing the attention and energies of the church and 
enlisting the hearts of our pious young men in the work."' . . . 

The question of duty was then considered in this report and next, the 
method of operation — independently or in union with others. The latter 
plan was decided on. They needed the experience of an older board. It 
was believed that the American Board would allow the Dutch Church the 
choice of its missionaries, stations "and the direction, with respect to the 
organization and order of the churches which might he formed, thus giving 
us the full advantage of all our means for planting churches in foreign 
lands." 

To the recommendations above referred to the General Synod wisely 
listened. A committee was appointed at its session in June for the pur- 
pose of conferring with the American Board, and in the hope that such a 
connection might be formed with it "as would enable us to maintain a For- 
eign Mission of our own and at the same time avail ourselves of all their 
experience." The proposition was cordially received by that body and at 
the October session of the Synod the committee was able to report a plan 
of co-operation with it. The plan was approved and adopted by the 
Synod." A Board of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Dutch Church, 
consisting of fifteen members, was appointed, and the whole subject was 
"aflfectionately recommended to the churches and ministers under the care 
of the Synod and their prayers and exertions for the promotion and suc- 
cess of Foreign Missions earnestly solicited." 

As organized in 1832, the Board of Foreign Missions consisted of fifteen 



""'Minute.s General Synod." 1832, pp. 88-90. 
""Minutes General Synod," 1832, pp. 138-141. 



190 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

members, nine ministers and six laymen. They were among the most 
honored representatives of the church — Drs. Knox, AIcMurray, De Witt, 
Ludlow, Matthews, Ferris ; Revs. Strong, Gosman and Dubois ; Alessrs. 
Peter D. Vroom, Isaac Young, Wm. R. Thompson, J.. V. B. Varick, John 
D. Keese and Jeremiah Johnson. 

Under the agreement with the American Board, the contributions of our 
churches were allowed "to flow into our own treasury, to be appropriated 
through the medium of the American Board to missionaries from our own 
church, or to such missionaries and such objects as may be specially selected 
and approved." Missionaries approved by our Board were to be recom- 
mended to and accepted by the Prudential Committee, and the conduct of 
the Missions was to be left in the hands of that Committee. Thus the new 
Board was to have all the advantage of the experience and facilities of the 
older. 

The American Board, as has been seen, already numbered among its 
missionaries two honored sons of the Dutch Church — the Rev. John Scud- 
der, M.D., of Pandeteripo, Ceylon, and Rev. David Abeel. In this same 
year Dr. Scudder had issued his earnest appeal to physicians in reference 
to mission work. One of the first steps taken by the new Board, after its 
organization, was formally to take, in April, 1833, these two brethren 
"under its patronage.'"^ A letter addressed to the ministers of the Re- 
formed Dutch Church, calling their attention to "the state of the heathen 
in these parts," was shortly after received from Dr. Scudder and published 
by order of the Board. By its direction, also. Dr. Livingston's great 
sermon, preached in 1804 and entitled "The Everlasting Gospel," was re- 
published and widely circulated." Dr. Abeel was invited to return to this 
country and present the cause of Missions among the churches. The inter- 
est thus fostered grew apace and the Board soon felt warranted in attempt- 
ing to establish a new Mission, to be manned entirely by the church and 
supported by it. The receipts reported in 1833 were $2,106. 

The Rev. David Abeel suggested that if a conference were had with the 
Netherlands Missionary Society, the Reformed Church might be able to 
secure special facilities for conducting a mission within some of the colonial 
possessions of the Dutch Government in the East Indies. In 1834 his 
"Residence in China," a i2mo volume of 398 pages was published. The 
same year he received authority to visit Holland. After interviews with 
men of influence and authority there, he recommended to the church here 
to proceed to establish a mission somewhere within Netherlands India. 
He also visited England on his way home, and while there, formed "The 
Society for Promoting Female Education in the East." In the following 
3'ear Dr. Abeel visited many of our churches and awakened a great interest 
in the proposed work. Four young men consecrated themselves to the 
service of the church in this new and difficult undertaking. They were 
Elihu Doty, Elbert Nevius, William Youngblood, of the class which gradu- 



""Minutes General Synod," 1832, p. 232. 

"There are two or three copies of this sermon in the Sage Library, 
bound up with other pamphlets. It was also published in the "Chris- 
tian Intelligencer," about 1836. 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS I9I 

ated that year (1836) from the Theological Seminary, and Jacob Ennis, 
of the class of 1835. By the action of these brethren and their addresses 
a more earnest, resolute and general missionary spirit was aroused in the 
churches than had ever before existed. The Classis of Poughkeepsie. the 
Missionary Society of the Broome Street Church of New York and the 
First Church of Philadelphia, of which Dr. Bethune was pastor, all offered 
to support missionaries of their own, the last named choosing Air. and Mrs. 
Nevius. Miss Azubah C. Condict, the sister of Mrs. Xevius. offered her- 
self as an assistant missionary and was commissioned. She was, probably, 
the first unmarried lady to engage in foreign mission work. Borneo was 
selected as the field to be occupied. These young men were ordained 
together on May 30, 1836, in the Middle Dutch Church (Lafayette Place) 
and the company sailed during the sessions of the General Synod, com- 
mended to God by the prayers of that body, while the whole church was 
moved by the event. 

In 1838 Abeel published his "Claims of the World to the Gospel," and in 
the same year Revs. William J. Pohlman and Frederick B. Thompson were 
accepted as mernbers of this mission and sailed for the East Indies. 

In 1840 a further re-enforcement was sent, consisting of the Revs. W. T. 
Van Doren and Isaac P. Stryker. All the ministers appointed to the mis- 
sion thus far were married except Mr. Stryker. 

In 1842 the Rev. Wm. H. Steele, unmarried, sailed for Batavia to join 
the Borneo Mission. 

The mission occupied two stations on the Island of Borneo, namely. 
Sambas and Pontianak. Some of the missionaries devoted themselves 
chiefly to the Chinese colonists ; the others labored amongst the Dyaks. 
On every Sabbath there was preaching in three languages, Dyak, Malay 
and English, at the mission church, and religious instruction was given 
daily during the week. A school for Malay children was conducted by 
Mr. Youngblood ; another, for the Chinese, by Mr. Pohlman. Nowhere 
were the missionaries assailed by ridicule or persecution ; the mission in- 
volved a very small expenditure of money, the laborers entreated long for 
an addition to their force, but Borneo was abandoned. The health of Mrs. 
Nevius compelled her husband to return with her. Mr. Stryker died in 
1842. Messrs. Pohlman and Doty left for China in 1844. In 1847 Thom- 
son died in Switzerland ; Mr. Youngblood's health failed, and, in 1849, he 
was compelled to return to the United States; and Mr. Steele was sum- 
moned home to recruit his health and, if possible, obtain a re-enforcement. 
He made his appeal to the Theological Seminary and to the churches. No 
one offered to go to Borneo and the mission was abandoned. 

It should be mentioned that the government of the Netherlands com- 
pelled our missionaries to reside a year at Batavia before allowing them to 
proceed to Borneo. Mr. Steele only obtained a partial release from this 
restriction. His residence in Batavia was not prolonged beyond eight 
months. The fact that the Island of Borneo was ruled by the Kingdom of 
the Netherlands was productive of no benefit, yielded no facilities for the 



192 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

work to the mission at any time. There were in all eighteen persons sent 
to this field. See "Appeal for the Borneo Mission." 

For list of missionaries of the Borneo Mission see Part III — Indies. 

In 1839 C. V. A. Van Dyck, M.D., appointed by the American Board as 
the missionary physician of the Syria mission, left the Reformed church 
of Kinderhook, N. Y., for his field of labor. God granted him the very 
great honor of completing the Arabic version of the World of God that 
had been begun and carried forward for some years by Rev. Eli Smith, 
D.D. By a council composed of missionaries, which held only that meeting, 
Dr. Van Dyck was ordained to the Gospel ministry. From the trustees of 
Rutgers College he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity, never more 
worthily bestowed. (Van Dyck, C. V. A.) 

In 1858 an application was received from the Rev. Andrew Murray, of 
South Africa, to furnish the mission (of the Netherlands) there with 
missionaries from the Dutch Church in this country, to aid them in their 
work. Two years later the Rev. Daniel Lindley, a missionary of the A. B. 
C. F. M. to the Zulus of Southeastern Africa, presented in person a 
similar request, with "interesting statements touching the condition and 
needs of the Dutch churches in that region" (Natal). In neither case was 
the Board able to give'a favorable response. (Lindley, D.) 

THIRD PERIOD : SEPAR.\TION FROM THE AMERICAN BOARD INDEPENDENT 
ACTION, 1857. 

The arrangement entered into with the American Board continued in 
operation with uninterrupted harmony and mutual satisfaction to the two 
Boards until 1857. The interest and contributions of the Reformed Dutch 
Churches were concentrated on the missions in India and China. The 
missionaries were all from their membership and naturally looked to the 
Dutch Church for their support and that of their work. Other churches, of 
other denominations, also co-operated with the American Board. The 
fond dream of many — of one national, undenominational agency for the 
prosecution of Foreign Missions — was still cherished. There seemed noth- 
ing in the constitution, or in the conduct, of the American Board to prevent 
the indefinite continuance and enlargement of such co-operation. 

It was a fact, however, that union with so large a body of Christians and 
Churches contributing to the American Board, seemed in a measure to re- 
lieve the co-operating denomination of a sense of responsibility, since its 
deficiencies could be and sometimes were made up from other sources, 
though on the whole our churches contributed much more than the amounts 
expended on those missions. There were many, therefore, and in increas- 
ing numbers, who were convinced that greater things would be done and 
the entire Church roused to a deeper sense of responsibility, if its mission- 
ary work should be conducted independently by a Board of its own. They 
therefore desired the termination of the relations with the American Board 
which had existed harmoniously for twenty-five years and the institution 
of a distinct organization. 

For such independent action the time was ripe and the pressure at length 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN' MISSIONS 193 

became too strong to be resisted. In 1856 the Board of Foreign Missions, 
thoroughly convinced of the wisdom and desirabihty of such a step, unani- 
mously recommended "that the General Synod conduct their Foreign Mis- 
sions in an independent manner." An exceedingly able report from the pen 
of Dr. Isaac Ferris, its President, presented with great force the reasons 
for such a proposition. But the Synod was not then ready to take action 
and the whole subject was referred to the next General Synod. 

This step was taken in 1857." The General Synod of that year met at 
Ithaca and received from the hand of Dr. Chambers, as Chairman of the 
Committee on Foreign Missions, a convincing and masterly report in 
advocacy of such separation and elaborating the reasons for it adduced 
by Dr. Ferris. The discussions were earnest, elevated and of a highly 
spiritual tone. The Holy Spirit's presence was distinctly manifested and 
under His guidance this course was resolved upon, though not without dis- 
sent from those who thought the time had not yet come, or clung with 
affection to the Board with which, and its work, they had been so- long 
and happily associated. A committee was appointed to negotiate for a 
separation. An agreement was made and the two Boards parted company 
with mutual e.xpressions of regard, gratitude for the past and hope for the 
future. In the same year the American Board transferred to the Board 
of Foreign Missions of the Reformed Dutch Church the Amoy and Arcot 
Missions with the missionaries comprising them. The real estate and other 
property were transferred by deed Aug. 25, 1858. The history of the Board 
and its missions in succeeding years shows how amply, in the providence of 
God, the hopes of that day have been realized and the wisdom vindicated. 

A simple comparison may here be introduced to show how the church 
and its benevolence toward Foreign Missions had increased during the 
twenty-five years of co-operative action. In 1832, when the first organiza- 
tion was accomplished, the Reformed Dutch Church reported 15,800 families 
and 20,222 communicants. From December, 1832, to May, 1833, these 
gave for Foreign Missions $2,106.12 1-2. In 1857 the number of families 
was 32,579 and of communicants 44,443. The contributions for Foreign 
Missions for the year were $12,303.99 and for the whole period, $245,469. 
Seventeen missionaries, fifteen wives and one unmarried woman, thirty- 
three in all, had been sent to Borneo, China and India. 

The Board was reorganized (1857)" by the addition of nine members, 
making twenty-four in all, and was incorporated by the Legislature of New 
York in i860. The Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen was elected President, 
Dr. Isaac Ferris, Corresponding Secretary, and Mr. Ezra A. Hayt, Treas- 
urer. The entire support of the Amoy and Arcot Missions was at once 
assumed and it was unanimously agreed, informally, in February, 1858, 
"that the committee feel themselves bound to take the responsibility to send 
any qualified young men who might offer themselves for this work." 



"See Minutes General Synod. 1857, pp. 223-236. 

"See Minutes of General Synod, 1859, p. 378. 1862, p. 120. 



194 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

OTHER OPPORTUNITIES. 

In 1870 more than forty congregations of Mexicans, who had broken 
with the Church of Rome, asked to be taken under the care of the Board. 
The matter was considered for some time, but, because of a heavy debt, 
this opportunity was finally declined. 

The same year the Board accepted an invitation of the United States 
Government to take charge of Christian schools among the Indians of the 
west, the Government to furnish the money. The Pima and Maricopa 
Agency, having 5,000 Indians, and the Colorado River Agency, having 
about 23,000 were offered to and accepted by the Board. The plan began 
hopefully but worked with diminishing success, and at last in October, 1880, 
the Board formally withdrew "from all co-operation with the Government." 

In 1884 the recent opening of Korea was drawing to the "Hermit King- 
dom" the eyes of those who desired the evangelization of its people and 
longed to attempt it. One such, a graduate of our Theological Seminary 
at New Brunswick (the Rev. Horace G. Underwood), made application to 
the Board in February of that year to be sent thither as a missionary of the 
Board. But it was not deemed either expedient or even possible to estab- 
lish a new mission at that time, even by the appointment of a single mis- 
sionary. The application was, therefore, reluctantly declined and Mr. 
Underwood recommended to the Presbyterian Board, which was known to 
be considering the establishment of such a mission. The Reformed Church 
has reason to rejoice in the work he was permitted to do in that field, 
though unable to send him forth to it herself. 

The same subject was brought before the Board again in January, 1891. 
In that month a proposition was received from a gentleman of known 
liberality in the city of New York to furnish the sum of $5,000, "on condi- 
tion and for the purpose of establishing a mission of the Reformed Church 
in Korea." But, aside from the fact that other churches already had flour- 
ishing missions in that country, the claims of its existing missions were 
too great and scantily met to admit of its undertaking this new responsir 
bility. The proposition was therefore reluctantly declined. 

Similar reasons delayed the assumption by the Board of the Arabian 
Mission for several years (1888-1894). But this was finally received upon 
the special subscription plan. (Arabian Mission). 

Three missionaries and their wives, seven catechists, two churches and 
two parochial schools, were received at Amoy from the A. B. C. F. M. in 
1859. With the Arcot Mission were received five missionaries and their 
wives and one unmarried lady; five churches, with 117 communicants, five 
native helpers, eight schoolmasters and four colporteurs. 

At the close of the nineteenth century the Committee on the General State 
of the Church in 1900 reported on the subject of Foreign Missions, briefly 
reviewing the history and emphasizing the importance of more strenuous 
action. They proposed an amendment to the Constitution as follows : 

1. Resolved, That Art. IX, Sec. 4. of the constitution, be amended by 
the addition of the following words and the same be recommended to the 
Classes for adoption : 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 195 

"To the General Synod also belongs the power and duty to institute and 
organize such general agencies as shall best enable the church to fulfill the 
command of the Lord Jesus Christ by which he has enjoined on all His 
disciples the duty of teaching all nations and preaching the Gospel to every 
creature ; to maintain, supervise and direct such agencies when erected in 
the conduct of missionary operations at home and abroad ; and to recom- 
mend such methods in the churches as shall effectively sustain such agencies 
and tend to secure the largest possible dissemination of the Gospel." 

Such constitutional recognition of the chief end of the church as ex- 
pressed in the last command of her Head would serve for the members of 
the Reformed Church now, and in successive generations, as a constant 
incentive to highest endeavor ; it would act as a permanent appeal to the 
church to devote her resources, to put forth her strength, to measure her 
courage, not according to the immediate result, but in proportion to the 
grandeur and the difficulty of her appointed task. This constitutional 
amendment was adopted in 1901. 

They also proposed a "great forward movement" and urged the necessity 
of better business methods in financing the Kingdom of Christ. They 
especially recommended that individuals and churches adopt various mis- 
sionaries or departments of the work for which they would make them- 
selves responsible. This led to a great increase of personal interest. 

The Foreign Missionary Enterprise of our Church has grown and ex- 
panded with great rapidity during the last two decades. The Missionaries 
have been reaping where the founders sowed the seed with so much toil 
and perseverance. The Native .Churches have developed in each one of the 
older fields, not only in numbers but in self support and in self govern- 
ment. This is particularly true of China, India and Japan. The growth 
in this respect in Arabia still lingers. During the last twenty years 
the communicant membership of the churches has doubled while the 
Christian constituency has more than doubled. Scholars in the schools 
have trebled and a very large important educational work is now being 
carried on especially in the older fields. Medical work has also grown 
rapidly in all the fields being especially effective in Arabia. The number 
of patients treated in all our hospitals now approaches 150,000 a year. 
The contributions of the home churches toward the support of this great 
foreign missionary enterprise has in this period quadrupled. The con- 
ditions of the war have seriously affected all of our fields, enlarging 
opportunities and making the immediacy of their occupancy more urgent. 
The missionaries of our Church are awaiting with high expectancy the 
response of the Home Church and the blessing of God upon their efforts 
to establish His Kingdom in the great lands of Asia where our Reformed 
Church has accepted responsibility. 

Comparative Summary, i{ 



Stations 

Out-Stations and Preaching Places. 



8- I 900- I 92 


I. 




858 


J900 


1921 


6 


23 


29 


2 


230 


371 



196 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



■Missionaries, men 

Missionaries, married women 

Missionaries, unmarried women 

Native Ordained Ministers 

Other Native Helpers,- men 

"Native Helpers, women : 

Churches 

Communicants 

Boarding School, boys 

Scholars 

Boarding School, girls 

Scholars 

Theological Students 

Day Schools 

Scholars 

Hospitals and Dispensaries 

Patients Treated 

Native Contributions 

Contributions of the American Churches $16 



8 


35 


59 


6 • 


31 


48 


I 


26 


48 




31 


Zl 


22 


237 


474 




112 


231 


7 


39 


■ 72 


297 


4.597 


8,040 




10 


14 




■ 577 


2,080 




10 


12 




451 


1-546 




50 


59 


6 


163 


323 


88 


5.715 


14,618 




6 


20 




26,622 


146,793 




11,136 


19.152 


5,076 


$136,576 


$545,799 



WOMAN S BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS. . . . 

In no particular has the growth been greater or more marked than in 
that of work for women in our mission fields. And any sketch, however 
slight, of the Board's history, would be fatally defective that did not make 
mention of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions. Dr. Abeel, returning 
from China in 1834, vistied London and so interested Christian women 
there in the condition of women in the Far East that the Society for Pro- 
moting Female Education in the East was organized the following year. 
In 1861 the Woman's Union Missionary Society of America for Heathen 
Lands was organized in New York, chiefly through the efforts and zeal of 
•Mrs. Thomas C. Doremus, a member of the Reformed Church, who became 
its first President. In June, 1871, the Board directed its Corresponding 
Secretary "to prepare a Constitutiorr- for Woman's Societies Auxiliary to 
this Board." 

It was not till January, 1875, however, that the Woman's Board of For- 
eign Missions of our church was organized. In that month a few earnest 
s6uls met in New York, in the midst of storm and rain, and established 
this Board which has been the invaluable and indispensable helper of 
Synod's Board. Its efforts were immediately directed to the formation of 
Auxiliaries and Mission Bands in the several churches, and as the result 
of continuous labor, it has now about six hundred such auxiliaries. In 
1880, when the Board was hard pressed financially, it assumed the support 
of all the work for women and girls in all our mission fields. Its special 
contributions, also, for the erection of schools, chapels, dwellings, etc., 
have been many and generous, amounting to many thousands of dollars. 

The work of the Woman's Board has grown very rapidly during the 
last two decades. It haS received generous contributions not only for the 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN' MISSIONS 197 

regular maintenance of the work for which it has assumed responsibility, 
but also such as to enable the Missions to erect large school and hospital 
buildings in China, India and Japan. In 1919 it assumed responsibility 
for work for women and children in the Arabian Mission, in addition to 
the support of similar work in other fields. Its total receipts from all 
sources for the year 1921 were $221,381.93. The Board is preparing to 
commemorate appropriately its Jubilee in 1925. 

AMOY MISSION (l8'42). 

The Amoy Mission was founded by Rev. David Abeel in 1842. He had 
labored among the seamen at Canton ; he had been chaplain for the foreign- 
community at Singapore for a year ; he had made two extensive tours to 
Borneo, Java and Siam with a view to the establishment of missions among 
the Chinese, who had emigrated to those parts. But when, in consequence 
of the Opium War, Amoy was thrown open to foreign trade and settle- 
ment, he immediately went there. He began his work in a hired house, 
under an overshadowing banyan, on the island of Kulangsu. By his courtli- 
ness, affability and manly consecration he won the favor of both the literary 
and official classes, as well as of the common people. He had interested 
hearers from the beginning. But his health, never vigorous, soon utterly 
failed and he returned to the United States, in 1844. and died Sept. 4, 1846. 
Before Abeel left Rev. Elihu Doty and Rev. William Pohlman came to 
Amoy. They had gone out from our church and been engaged in mission- 
ary work among the Chinese who had settled in Borneo, but the far greater 
opportunity now open for missionary work among the Chinese in China 
itself brought them to Amoy. Pohlman is remembered as having secured 
$3,000 for the first Protestant church edifice for distinctively Chinese 
worship in China. He superintended its erection at Amoy (1848), where 
the substantial building still stands and Christian congregations still as- 
semble. He went to Hongkong to escort an invalid sister and to buy 
furnishings for the new church building. On his return the ship "Omega," 
in which he sailed, was wrecked of? Breaker Point, 120 miles north of 
Hongkong, and by the overturning of the boat in which he and the captain 
and part of the crew were trying to get ashore, he was drowned. 

Mr. Doty continued with the mission for twenty years and by his char- 
acter and work left an enduring impression. 

But the name that stands out pre-eminently in connection with the Amoy 
Mission is that of Rev. John Van Nest Talmage, D.D. He not only helped 
lay the foundations, but built thereon. He was a man of unusual weight 
and power of personality. His soundness of judgment made him an 
adviser and arbitrator whom foreigners and Chinese alike sought, and 
from whose advice they were not quick to turn away. He was one of the 
earliest advocates of union and co-operation in Foreign Missions and was 
mainly instrumental, so far as our church was concerned, in the establish- 
ment of an independent Chinese Church of the Reformed order. It em- 
braces the converts of both the English Presbyterian mission and our own 
mission. "It is not an appendage of either of these foreign churches, but is 



198 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

a genuine independent Chinese Christian church, holding the standards 
and governed by the pohty of the twinsister Churches that sent them the 
Gospel by their own messengers. The missionaries retain their relations 
with their own home churches and act under commissions of their own 
Church Boards of Missions. They are not settled pastors, but are more 
like the Apostolic Evangelists of New Testament times, preachers, teachers, 
founders of churches, educators of the native ministry, superintendents of 
the general work of evangelization." Dr. Talmage's special literary achieve- 
ment was the preparation and completion of a Character-Colloquial Diction- 
ary in the Amoy dialect, intended to be of special service to the missionaries 
and the Chinese Christian Church. In the midst of multiplied duties and 
many distractions he worked at it for upward of twenty years. 

Rev. Daniel Rapalje joined the mission in 1858. He finally returned to 
this country in 1899, after upward of forty years of faithful and efficient 
service. His unusual acquaintance with the Chinese language, both written 
and spoken, and his remarkable accuracy and facility of utterance made 
him a highly respected and much valued missionary. 

Rev. Leonard W. Kip, D.D.. went to Amoy in 1861 and finally returned 
in 1899. He was the geographer of the mission. He put as much pains- 
taking accuracy into his maps as Dr. Talmage did into his dictionary. 
He was a constant traveler and a pioneer in the establishment of mis- 
sion stations in the region beyond Chiang-chiu. 

The Rev. Philip W. Pitcher joined the Mission in 1885 and for thirty 
years devoted himself to the building up of the educational work of the 
Mission and the supply of text books. He died in service in 1915, having 
left a deep impression upon the youth of the entire Amoy region. 

The Rev. John G. Fagg, later a minister of the Collegiate Church, New 
York, was a member of the Mission from 1887 to 1894. Though his service 
was brief, his devotion to the work of evangelization and preparation of 
Chinese Evangelists has left a deep impression upon the life of the Mission. 

Dr. John A. Otte was for twenty-four years in charge of medical work. 
He established two hospitals at Sio-khe and Amoy, instructed many Chinese 
students in medicine so that they were able to establish dispensaries and 
some private practice, and finally gave up his life as a martyr to his pro- 
fession and his ministry, having died as a result of attendance upon a 
Chinese patient who had the dread Eastern disease. Bubonic Plague. Dr. 
Otte's name and memory are cherished alike by multitudes in South China. 

The Work. — The work of the mission is three-fold. Evangelistic, Edu- 
cational, Medical. 

Evangelistic Work. — The Amoy Mission began as a preaching mission. 
This was indicated in the words of Mr. Pohlman in 1846, in a paper in 
which he urged all the missionaries coming to China to learn to speak the 
language correctly, and adds, "Be sure you are understood, then preach, 
preach, preach." Of course, there is preaching in all the churches and 
chapels at the regular services every Sunday, to stated congregations of 
Christians. But more or less informal preaching to the heathen by the 
elders, school teachers and other laymen with the gift of utterance is going 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 199 

on in the churches and chapels all through the Sabbath-day. There are 
wayside chapels which are opened every afternoon and evening, and 
passers-by are attracted by the singing of hymns and the testimony of 
earnest men who bear witness to their repudiation of idolatry and their 
faith in Jesus Christ. 

Special evangelistic tours to hitherto unvisited or seldom-visited villages 
are arranged, when the pastors and preachers and elders of a whole 
valley or a portion of a valley join. Christian literature is disseminated. 
Portions of the Scriptures, tracts on the fundamental truths of Christianity, 
tracts against ancestral worship and exposing idolatry, are sold or given 
away at all the chapels, and on these preaching tours. The Gospel story 
is told again and again by the lady missionaries on their house-to-house 
visits. 

In 1917 in commemoration of the 75th Anniversary of the founding of 
the Amoy Mission, a large area to the Northwest of Amoy was added to 
the territory of the Mission, having been taken over from the London 
Missionary Society which was not in a position to occupy it. A new 
station was opened at Leng-na with resident missionaries, men and women, 
evangelistic, medical and educational. This territory brought within the 
influence of the Amoy Mission probably one million more Chinese. 

As a result of this evangelistic work in the Amoy region, the churches 
constituting the South Fukien Synod have grown in numbers and in 
strength, in self support and in self government. In 1919. the churches 
which grew up under the London Missionary Society (Congregational) 
joined in a united church of this province, thus bringing all the Christians 
of this area into a single church. 

Educational Work. — The work of education began with teaching the 
new converts how to read the already translated Scriptures. The children, 
too, must be gathered into Christian schools, away from the daily worship 
of Confucius and the contaminating influence of heathen teachers. The 
need of evangelists and teachers was felt and the older missionaries gave 
themselves, so far as they were able, to the training of men with the 
modest accommodations and limited time at their command. In due time 
there was established a Theological Seminary, where the students of both 
the English Presbyterian Mission and our own mission were given a three 
years' course in Systematic Theology, Exposition of Scripture and the 
Art of Preaching. Men of character, ability and consecration have gone 
out from this institution and are now serving the churches. 

Talmage College. — On one of the most commanding sites on the island 
of Kulangsu stands the Talmage Memorial Hall, the funds for which 
were raised by Rev. P. W. Pitcher. Here the College is housed and up- 
ward of 250 boys and young men are given a good academic training. 
Besides, there is a Boys' Boarding School on the island of Kulangsu and 
there are bov-?' schools connected with every fully constituted church in 
the mission. 

The education of the women and girls has received attention from the 
beginning. The Charlotte W. Duryee Bible School, founded in 1884, draws 



200 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

together under its roof women from many places in the Amoy region who 
never had an opportunity of any schooling in their childhood and wish, 
now that they are Christians and have the opportunity, to learn to read 
and understand the Bible for themselves. 

There are four boarding schools for girls connected with the Amoy 
Mission, one on the island of Kulangsu and one each at Siokhe, Chiang-chiu 
and Tong-an. The influence of these schools is felt far and wide for good 
in the homes of the Christian Chinese. 

The educational work has grown considerably during the last two 
decades, the Old Middle School having been raised in standard to the 
grade of a College, and the Girls' School having been raised to the grade 
of a High School. These institutions are crowded with pupils as are 
also the large primary boarding schools for boys and for girls in each one 
of the outlying stations. Normal Training Classes and Kindergarten 
Departments have been added to complete the educational equipment of the 
Mission. • 

Medical Work. — No work of the foreign missionary is more appreciated 
by all classes, literati, officials, merchants, shop-keepers, farmers, than the 
medical work. China has no medical colleges except those erected under 
foreign influence. Chinese medical knowledge is little more than quackery. 
They know nothing whatever of surgery. The first hospital opened in con- 
nection- with the Amoy Alission was the Neerbosch Hospital at Siokhe, 
in 1889, under the supervision of Rev. J. A. Otte, M.D. The hospital 
proved a most efi'ective agency in breaking down prejudice and opening 
the way to many homes and villages for the preaching of the Gospel. 

On Dr. Otte's return to China, in 1897, Hope Hospital was built on the 
island of Kulangsu, the meeting point of junk and river-boat traffic from 
many directions, just opposite the city of Amoy. It has proved a much 
appreciated pool of Siloam. 

The medical work of the Mission has similarly grown greatly since 1900. 
Wilhelmina Hospital, built and maintained from funds supplied by friends 
in the Netherlands has been added as the Woman's Hospital to Hope 
Hospital in Amoy and the buildings have been enlarged through the gener- 
ous gifts of Dr. Otte's former patients and pupils. The hospital at Sio-khe 
has been rebuilt and enlarged with funds supplied by the West End 
Collegiate Church, New York. A new hospital as a memorial to Dr. 
Elisabeth H. Blauvelt has been erected from funds donated by the mem- 
bers of her family in Tong-an. This hospital commenced its work in 
1920. Still another hospital was erected in the new station at Long-na 
in 1921, as a memorial to Dr. John G. Fagg, from funds supplied by the 
Collegiate Church of New York in tribute to its former minister. 

These hospitals are rendering a great service in a land where the min- 
istry of healing is very much needed and appreciated. 

Mission Comity. — The three missions at Amoy, the London Mission 
(Congregational), the English Presbyterian Mission, the Reformed Church 
Mission, as an illustration of Christian comity, and for the better prosecu- 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 201 

lion of their respective work, have divided the region about Amoy — extend- 
ing a hundred miles up and dow-i the coast and a hundred miles inland, into 
three well defined sections within whose bounds each mission is to carry 
on its work. This makes the Reformed Church specifically responsible for 
the evangelization of at least three million people. (For a list of Mission- 
aries see Part Three, "China"). 

THE .ARfOT .Ml.SSlON, INI)I.\ ( 1853). 

In 1847 the Board was invited by the Prudential Committee of the Ameri- 
can Board "to consider the expediency of undertaking a mission among the 
Tamil-speaking people of southern India and in the neighborhood of its 
Madras Mission, to he composed entirely of missionaries from the Re- 
formed Protestant Dutch Church." Dr. Scudder had been transferred from 
Ceylon to Madras in 1836 and had made extended tours through the regions 
lying west and south, preaching the Gospel to great multitudes, distributing 
tracts and healing the sick. In his work he had been joined, in 1846, by 
his eldest son, Henry Martyn Scudder. A wide and open field had been 
developed by their labors and to it the attention of the Board was now 
directed. On Nov. 9 the Board resolved that the establishment of such a 
mission would be expedient. In 1850 Henry Martyn Scudder removed to 
Arcot, where he was joined, in 1852, by his brother William from Ceylon, 
and in 1853 by his brother Joseph from America. These brothers, with 
their father, requested the Particular Synod of New York of 1853 to allow 
them to be organized as a Classis. The Synod granted the request, appoint- 
ing Dr. Scudder to perform this service. In 1854 the Classis of Arcot was 
regularly constituted, three native brethren, who had removed from Madras, 
representing the eldership. 

Early in 1855. Rev. John Scudder, M.D., died near the Cape of Good 
Hope, whither he had gone in the hope of retarding the decline of his 
strength. During the same year Revs. Ezekiel C. and Jared W. Scudder 
reached Arcot and were admitted to the Classis. Miss Louisa Scudder 
accompanied them and engaged in the work as an assistant missionary. 
The stations of Arcot, Arni. Chittoor, Coonoor and Vellore were all oc- 
cupied before 1857. In that year this mission also, with its missionaries, 
was surrendered to the independent Board of the Reformed Dutch Church, 
of which they were sons and ministers. 

Previous to this occupation of Arcot by the Scudders some work had 
been done in Vellore and Chittoor and a few converts had been gathered 
by another society. These were now handed over to -the care of the Arcot 
Mission. 

The method pursued is to divide the territory into parishes and distribute 
them among the missionaries who occupy central points called stations, 
from which, with their native assistants, they seek to evangelize the district 
intrusted to .them. 

The command of the Master: "Preach the Gospel," is the foundation 
stone of the mission. Learning the languages of the peoi)le well, the mis- 
sionary enters in among the masses, carrying the Gospel message far and 



202 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

wide, distributing books and tracts. As most of the people live in villages, 
he spends a great part of his time in the district. Pitching his tent in a 
central village, he radiates from this point in company with natives assist- 
ants, mornings and evenings, carrying the Gospel to all the villages that lie 
within the radius of four or five miles. Then changing his place of en- 
campment, he does the same in another circle of villages, thus systematically 
"touring up" the whole district committed to his charge. Arriving in a 
village, he takes his stand in the principal street. A lyric is sung or a few 
verses of Scripture read, to attract an audience. When a number of people 
have gathered, the native assistant begins to address them, telling them 
first the object of the visit, then speaking probably of the folly of idolatry, 
explaining the nature of the true God, the way of salvation through Christ. 
The missionary then takes up the address and further unfolds the subject, 
enforcing and illustrating it by quotations from their own writings, after 
the manner of St. Paul on Mars Hill. Questions are then asked, which 
opens the way for further explanation ; after which, books and tracts are 
distributed. In this way the Gospel is carried to every town, village and 
hamlet throughout the district. 

After the Gospel has been repeatedly preached in a village, if any three 
or more families agree 'to abandon idolatry and place themselves under 
Christian instruction, they are organized into a Christian congregation. A 
native Catechist is sent to the village, who takes up his residence with the 
people; a little school-house or prayer-house is erected, and in this building 
the people gather at night and are instructed in the fundamental truths of 
the Gospel, as well as in all the habits and usages suitable to a Christian 
community. During the day the children assemble and are taught secular 
and religious lessons. If at the end of a year any of the congregations 
give evidence of being true Christians, they are baptized, and when there 
is a sufficient number a church is organized. It is in this manner that all 
the congregations in our mission have been formed. 

Native agents employed by the mission are classified as follows : Native 
Pastors, Catechists, Teachers. A Native Minister is put in charge of one 
large congregation, of which he has the pastoral oversight. He also labors 
among the heathen. A Catechist is a man appointed to instruct a native 
congregation. He assembles the adults for prayer and catechization, 
teaches the children, as well as labors among the heathen in his own and 
neighboring villages. The distinction between a Catechist and Native Pas- 
tor is, that the former is not ordained and so does not baptize nor ad- 
minster the Lord's Supper. Besides the above, the mission employs 
Teasellers, who give themselves exclusively to school work. Wives of the 
helpers are frequently employed as school mistresses to assist their hus- 
bands ; and also as Bible-readers, to visit the houses of heathen and read 
and explain the Scriptures. 

"Evangelize first, educate afterward," is a fundamental principle of the 
Arcot Mission ; and although this rule has been departed from in recent 
years, especially in the establishment of high-caste girls' schools, it still 
remains the governing policy of the mission. But notwithstanding that 



HISTORY OF FORRir.X MISSIONS 20 3 

schools are established primarily for Christians, nearly all of them are open 
also to non-Christians, who freely attend them. 

Day Schools. — Nine station and about 270 out-station (village) schools 
are connected with the mission. In the latter adults as well as children 
are under instruction, the catechists doing the combined work of preacher 
and teacher. The villain' schools are very simple and elementary. The 
building, which answers also for a prayer-house, is rudely constructed 
with mud walls and straw roof. The secular lessons are usually limited 
to "the three R's." with a little geography and grammar. Religious in- 
struction forms a large part of the curriculum. The Station day schools 
are of a higher grade and conducted more on the American plan. The 
building has brick walls and tiled roof and is supplied with benches, tables 
and maps. The teacher has been well trained and gives his whole time to 
the school work. Girls as well as boys are admitted into these schools. 

Bo.\RDiNG Schools.— The brightest pupils in the day schools are sent to 
the boarding schools, of which there are twelve in the mission with more 
than 800 pupils. The design of these institutions is the training of Native 
Agents for mission work. A large number of men and women have 
already been educated in them and are now engaged in mission service. 

The Arcot Seminary, at Vellore, dates from the beginning of the mis- 
sion. In 1883 the studies were raised to a higher grade, and the idea of 
separating the theological and secular departments was suggested. The 
importance of a normal school for teachers also now began to be felt, and 
the propriety of sending some of the best scholars, among the boys, to some 
Christian college, was suggested. A normal school was accordingly or- 
ganized in March, 1884. In this same year there were three students who 
took a theological course. It was determined that the separate theological 
school should formally begin in January, 1885. The next year it was 
determined that the title "Arcot Seminary" should be used of the The- 
ological Department only, and that this department needed an endowment 
of at least $40,000. The Theological Department was placed under the care 
of Dr. William W. Scudder, who was to devote his entire time to it; and 
Dr. Jacob Chamberlain, then (1887) in America, was asked to raise $50,000 
for its endowment. Certain students had also been sent to the High 
School, at Vellore, under the care of the Church of Scotland, and Synod 
approved of this course. 

The next year (1888) showed that Dr. Chamberlain had secured pledges 
for $63,000. It was determined to locate the Theological Seminary at Pal- 
maner, later at Vellore, and to call it "The Theological Seminary in the 
Arcot Mission." The Arcot Academy now became a separate school. In 
1889 it appeared that, for the endowment, the sum of $55,000 had actually 
been collected; that the seminary had 14 students; that Dr. William W 
Scudder had been installed as Professor, with two native assistants ; and 
that the first report of a Board of Superintendents had been sent to General 
Synod. 

The Board of Missions, in 1893. asked the Synod to define the relations 
of the Board to the .\rcot Seminarv. The Board of Direction was in- 



204 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

structed to pay the income of the endowment to the treasurer of the mis- 
sion, to be appHed, under the mission, to the payment of the expenses of 
the seminary, including the salary of the Professor, so far as it would 
suffice; and that the Board of Missions supply any deficiency. The Board 
of Missions was also directed to co-operate with the Board of Superintend- 
ents. 

Prof. William W. Scudder died in July, 1894, and Dr. Jared W. Scudder 
took charge of the seminary. In 1895 he was elected Professor, and was 
installed Jan. 11, 1896. Dr. John H. Wyckofif and Dr. L. R. Scudder fol- 
lowed as Principals of the Seminary. 

In January, 1895, the High School, at Vellore (Scotch Church), was 
turned over to the Arcot Mission, with a large corps of teachers and 500 
non-Christian students. The 55 Christian boys of our school at Ranipet 
were now transferred to this Vellore institution. It was at once sug- 
gested that this should become a college. It was supported by students' 
fees and a government grant. Rev. William I. Chamberlain was already 
bearing the burden of the Principalship. In 1897 there were in attendance 
835 scholars. The following year it was advanced to the rank of a college. 
The $5,000 required for the transfer in 1895 was paid, and the college 
was proclaimed in January, 1898. Rev. William I. Chamberlain spent 
his furlough in America, fitting himself more fully for the new duties 
connected with the Principalship, returning to the field in 1899. In the 
meantime Rev. Henry J. Scudder had acted as Principal. 

On the receipt in 1900 of the very generous gift of $25,000, the College 
took the name of the donor. Elizabeth R. Voorhees. This gift and one of 
$10,000, as a memorial to Dr. Henry Cobb on his death in 1910 has enabled 
the College to expand in its buildings and ecjuipment until it has become one 
of the strongest Junior Colleges of South India, with a student attendance 
approaching twelve hundred. Mr. A. C. Cole became the Principal in 
IQ05, being succeeded in 1914 by Mr. F. M. Potter. The present Principal 
is the Rev. L. Hekhuis. 

During the last twenty years the Mission has carried on an important 
industrial work through the Arcot Industrial School, at first in Arni and 
now in Katpadi, and various trades indigenous to India are taught. The 
school is doing much to make possible a larger measure of self-support 
on the part of those who come from the lower and depressed classes of the 
community. 

Medical work is an important auxiliary to the mission. Several of the 
missionaries are certificated physicians, and have used their skill in medi- 
cine and surgery with excellent results. Many cases of conversion, in some 
instances of whole villages, have resulted from this agency. The mission 
has control of a large hospital at Ranipett, with a branch dispensary at 
Wallajapet in which as many as a hundred patients are treated daily. No 
medicines are given out until the Gospel is first preached, and the influence 
of the institution in allaying prejudice and winning the confidence of the 
natives cannot be overestimated. 

During recent years the medical work of the Mission has been greatly 



HISTDRY OF FUKEIG.N MISSION'S 20.5 

Strengthened by the addition of three hospitals, the Mary Taber Schell 
Hospital for Women and Children at V'ellore, Mary Lott Lyles Hospital 
for Women and Children at Madanajjalle, and the Mary Isabellc Allen 
Dispensary and Hospital at Punganur. These institutions together with the 
Union Missionary Tuberculosis Sanitarium at Madanapalle, in the support 
of which many of the Missions in South India co-operate, have greatly 
strengthened the ministry of healing as an agency for evangelistic work in 
the Mission. The commemoratron of the completion of one hundred years 
since Dr. John Scudder first went to India and began medical work has 
been most appropriately carried out by the raising of a fund of Rs. 100,000 
for the erection of new buildings for the old hospital at Ranipet, and the 
Great-Grandson of Dr. Scudder, Dr. Galen F. Scudder has recently been 
placed in charge of this oldest medical institution in the Mission. 

Hindu women are reached in three ways : By direct preaching, schools, 
and house visitation. The zenana system does not prevail in Southern 
India to the same extent as in the north. Women go about freely, and in 
the villages form a very considerable proportion of our audiences. In the 
large towns schools have been established, in connection with which house 
visitation is carried on by the missionary ladies and their female assistants. 

During the last twenty-five years the work for women has expanded with 
great rapidity. More than one-half of the membership of the Mission is 
made up of women missionaries who carry the work through zenanas and 
schools, boarding and day, the latter reaching large numbers of non-Chris- 
tian girls. The long established "Female Seminary," which together with 
the Arcot Academy are the two oldest institutions of the Mission, has 
gradually raised its standard until this now occupies admirably adapted 
buildings in Chittoor, and has been raised to the grade of a High School. 
The influence of this school upon the Mission has been very large. 

The publications of the Mission are: 

"The Bazaar Book ; or. Vernacular Preacher's Companion," in Tamil. 

"Spiritual Teaching," in Tamil and Telugu. 

"Jewel Mine of Salvation," in Tamil and Telugu. 

"Sweet Savors of Divine Truth," in Tamil. 

These books, composed by Rev. Dr. Henry Martyn Scudder, and consist- 
ing chiefly of addresses to the Hindus on vital subjects, are of rare value. 
They are extensively used in Southern India, and are an inestimable boon 
to vernacular preachers, furnishing them with many able arguments and 
apt illustrations. Through them Dr. Scudder is still preaching to thousands 
of natives in India. The following translations have also been published : 

"Liturgy of the Reformed Church in America," in Tamil, by Rev. Dr. 
H. M. Scudder. 

"Liturgy of the Reformed Church in America," in Telugu, by Rev. Dr. 
Chamberlain. 

"Heidelberg Catechism," in Tamil, by Rev. Drs. H. M. and J. W. Scudder. 

"Bazaar Book," in English, by Rev. J. W. Scudder, D.D. 

"Spiritual Teaching," in English, by Rev. J. W. Scudder. D.D. 

"Telugu Hymn-Bt>ok." by Dr. Chamberlain. 



206 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

"Systematic Theology" (Tamil), by Rev. J. W. Scudder, D.D. 

"Bible Dictionary" (Telugu), by Rev. J. Chamberlain, D.D. 

Rev. Drs. H. M., E. C, and J. W. Scudder and Dr. Chamberlain have 
also done valuable work in connection with the translation and revision 
of the Tamil and Telugu Bible. 

Early in 1900 representatives were appointed by the Church of Scotland, 
the United Free Church of Scotland, and the Arcot Mission to formulate 
plans of co-operation in mission work and union in ecclesiastical matters. 
The missions approved of certain proposals, and the details were submitted 
to the home boards. It was agreed that the selection of a Professor in 
the Arcot Theological Seminary should remain at the disposition of the 
General Synod ; that the Board of Superintendents should have one 
representative from each of the co-operating missions ; that each of the 
co-operating churches should endow a Professorship, and that the subject 
of ecclesiastical union should be presented to the General Synod in a 
memorial. The Synod of 1901, on this subject, took the following action: 

"That, with reference to the memorial from the Classis of Arcot, we 
approve the proposed union of native churches in South India along the 
lines indicated in the memorial, as marking a notable advance toward the 
fulfilment of our Lord'* prayer, "that they all may be one. that the world 
may believe that thou hast sent me." (Page 1099). 

In Southern India the unity of Reformed churches holding the Presby- 
terian system was long a recognized fact, and the Arcot Theological Sem- 
inary has been resorted to by students of the different missions. In 
December, 1900, the Presbyterian Alliance of India met at Allahabad and 
twelve branches of the Presbyterian family in India were represented. 
This alliance was organized in 1875, and five councils were held between 
that date and 1890, but no decisive action was secured in the line of or- 
ganic union. But the similar alliance of Europe and America had often 
urged upon the various mission boards the advisability of such union in 
foreign fields. The practicability of such a step had been seen in the 
Amoy field and in Japan. Dr. Chamberlain had warmly advocated it in 
America and Scotland. The Missionary Conference in New York in 1900 
had also emphasized the importance of co-operation in mission work, and 
this movement in South India toward union began immediately after. 

The Synod of South India of the South Indian United Church was con- 
stituted Oct. 21, 1901. 

In June, 1902, the Classis of Arcot, which had been an integral part 
of the Reformed Church of America for half a century, for the sake of 
Church unity on the Foreign Field was formally transferred by the General 
Synod of the Reformed Church to the Synod of South India. 

While the missionary force of the Arcot Mission has not grown very 
largely during the last twenty years, the progress in every department of 
activity has been gratifying and impressive, and in no particular more than 
in the development of self support and self government in the indigenous 
church. The addition in communicants to the United Church of South 
India brought about through the instrumentality of our missionaries, 



HISTORY OF I-OKEIGX MISSIONS 20/ 

Indian pastors and catechists during the last four years is equal to that of 
the entire previous history of the Mission. This means that the Arcot 
Mission is now reaping where the founders sowed with so great faithful- 
ness in the weary years of laying the foundations. The number of com- 
municants rei)orted by the Arcot Mission has arisen more than four 
thousand while the Christian community now approaches twelve thousand. 
There are about 600 native associates assisting in the carrying on of this 
important work, while the number of missionaries, as has been said, has 
not greatly increased. There are about two hundred and fifty boarding 
and day schools with about twelve hundred pupils. The hospitals and 
dispensaries number ten ministering each year to about one hundred thou- 
sand patients. 

Such are the direct results, but who can estimate the indirect results? 
The general awakening of thought throughout the whole empire ; the 
revolution that Hindu Society is undergoing; the relaxation of caste; 
the yearning for a purer faith on the part of many. The organization of 
a Brahma Somaj in the north, the recent movement to restore the purer 
religion of the Vedas in the south, the formation of societies to promote 
female education, widow remarriage, the other social reforms in every 
part of the country, how can these be accounted for except by the spread 
of Christian principles, which are arousing the consciences and quickening 
the religious sense of the Hindus? The palmy days of Hinduism are past, 
never to return. The Brahmans are fast losing their hold upon the people. 
The leaven of Christian truth is now entering the mass of the native com- 
munity. Faith in Indian <;reeds and philosophy is being shaken, and is 
giving place to inquiry and serious thought. The Sun of Righteousness is 
rising and shining more and more unto the perfect day. (For list of Mis- 
sionaries in India see Part Three — "India"). 

THE JAPAN MISSION (1859). 

Nagasaki was the birthplace of Protestant missions in Japan. The 
country was opened to foreigners by the Treaty of 1858. Soon after, Dr. 
S. Wells Williams, of the American Board, and Rev. E. W. Syles, of the 
Episcopal Church, visited Nagasaki. They at once wrote to the Episcopal, 
the Presbyterian, and the Reformed churches in America, urging them to 
send missionaries to Japan. Before the close of 1859 missionaries from 
these three churches arrived. Rev. Guido F. Verbeck settled at Nagasaki 
and Rev. Samuel R. Brown at Yokohama. With him was D. B. Simmons, 
M.D., who. however, withdrew from the mission in i860. In 1861 Rev. 
James H. Ballagh settled at Yokohama. 

The opportunities for Christian teaching were few. The people were 
suspicious; preaching was not allowed. Edicts of the government forbade 
the people's acceptance of Christianity, imposing sanguinary penalties on all 
the subjects of the empire who should disobey. Besides these things the 
lack of knowledge of the language and habit of thought of the Japanese 
people was an effectual barrier to evangelistic effort. The principal objects 
of the first few years' work, therefore, were the acquisition of the language 



2o8 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

and winning the confidence of the government and people in the religion 
and aims of the missionaries. During these first years there were dangers 
and difficulties unknown to later times. From the beginning individual 
inquirers were instructed in the Bible at the missionaries' houses, and when 
confidence was established, and the severity of the operation of the gov- 
ernment edicts began to be relaxed, small Bible classes were gathered. The 
first baptism was in 1864, and there were two in 1866. Dr. Verbeck. whose 
"History of Protestant Missions in Japan" was presented to the Missionary 
.Conference at Osaka in 1883, speaks of this period as "the period of 
preparation and promise" and "with the exception of one joyful day of 
harvest near its close a time of learning and sowing." 

Like other early missionaries, those of the Reformed Church attempted 
something in the way of Bible translation, but very little of the results of 
this early work was published. It was difficult at that time to find Japanese 
who were willing to publish the Christian Scriptures or even to assist in the 
work of their translation. 

In 1865-66 Dr. Brown prepared translations of some portions of the 
New Testament, but all his manuscripts perished in the fire which destroyed 
his house in 1867. In 1867 Mr. Ballagh shared with others the work of 
preparing a first draft* of the Gospel of Matthew. This was revised and 
published in 1873. In the meantime Dr. Brown had assisted in the revision 
of the Gospels of Mark and John, which were published in 1872. After this 
time there was no difficulty in arranging for the publication of the Scrip- 
tures or of any other Christian books. The edicts against Christianity 
were removed from the notice boards, but otherwise the government did 
not withdraw its proclamations ; nevertheless it tacitly permitted the exten- 
sion of Christiarity and the publication of any books which were directed 
to this end. 

Organized effort at Bible translation was begun by a Convention of Mis- 
sionaries in 1872, when a committee was appointed to translate the New 
Testament. Dr. Brown gave himself almost entirely to the work of this 
committee for five years. Shortly before the work was completed he was 
obliged by failing health to cease his labors and return to America, where 
he died in 1880. Dr. Verbeck left Nagasaki in 1869 and entered the service 
of the Japanese government. He rejoined the mission in 1879, and devoted 
himself largely to the work of the committee appointed by the Convention 
of -Missionaries in 1878, to translate the Old Testament and to have charge 
of the whole future work of Bible revision. The completion of the trans- 
lation of the entire Bible was celebrated in February, 1888. 

The way was prepared for the organization of the first Christian church 
by long and faithful labors with a few men who had been instructed indi- 
vidually or in classes. The event which immediately led to the organiza- 
tion was a series of prayer meetings. "In January, 1872, the missionaries 
at Yokohama and English-speaking residents of all denominations united 
in the observance of the week of prayer. Some Japanese students con- 
nected with private classes taught by the missionaries were present through 
curiosity or through a desire-' to please their teachers, and some perhaps 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 209 

from a true interest in Christianity. It was concluded to read the Acts, in 
course, day after day, and that the Japanese present might take part intel- 
ligently in the service, the Scripture of the day was translated extem- 
poraneously into their language. The meetings grew in interest and were 
continued from week to week until the end of February. After a week or 
two the Japanese, for the first time in the history of the nation, were on 
their knees in a Christian prayer meeting entreating God with great emo- 
tion, with tears streaming down their faces, that He would give His Spirit 
to Japan as to the early church and to the people around the Apostles. 
These prayers were characterized by intense earnestness." (Address of 
Rev. J. M. Ferris, D.D., »t the Mildmay Conference, October, 1878. Pro- 
ceedings of the Osaka Conference, page 52). As a direct fruit of these 
prayer meetings a church was organized at Yokohama, March 10, 1872. 
It consisted of nine young men who were baptized on that day and two 
men of middle age who had been baptized previously. The members 
chose for themselves the catholic name "The Church of Christ in Japan." 
This is the one day of joyful harvest referred to near the beginning of this 
sketch, the forerunner of many similar days experienced in the later history 
of Christian work in this land. 

This church, now known as the Kaigan Church, has had a career of 
almost uninterrupted spiritual prosperity. 

Mr. Ballagh was the acting pastor of this church for several years, and, 
under his supervision and through his efforts, it was provided with the first 
church building erected in Japan. This is of brick and seats nearly five 
hundred people. It was dedicated July 10, 1875. (The sum of $1,000, 
contributed by native Christians in the Sandwich Islands, was used in the 
erection of this building). 

From very early times it was earnestly desired that the separate missions, 
although representing different church organizations, should labor together 
for the establishment of one Japanese church, which should have no organic 
connection with any church in another land. The subject was fully dis- 
cussed at a convention in 1872, when steps were taken to secure similarity 
of organization in the churches that should be formed, in order to their 
union in one body when the proper time should come. It was not, how- 
ever, until 1876 that definite action was taken resulting in the coming 
together of the missions of the churches of the Presbyterian order in one 
council. These missions were those of the Reformed Church in America, 
the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, North, and the 
United Presbyterian Church of Scotland. The purposes of the union at 
that time were but two, viz., the fostering care of a Japanese church and 
the maintenance of a theological school. In all other matters the missions 
continued their separate work. 

The churches under the care of these missions took as their name "The 
United Church of Christ in Japan." The Doctrinal Standards were the 
Westminster Confession of Faith and Shorter Catechism, the Heidelberg 
Catechism, and the Canons of the Synod of Dort. The form of govern- 
ment was Presbyterian. From the beginning the success of the union was 



■2IO THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

assured. This is testified by the rapid growth of the church. As the date 
of the organization, Oct. 3, 1877, there were eight churches and six hun- 
dred and twenty-three members. These were united in one Chu Kwai 
(Classis). By 1881 the number of churches had increased so largely that 
the supervision of their work, the examination of candidates for licensure 
and ordination, and other ecclesiastical business, required more time and 
labor than one Chu Kwai could conveniently give. Some of the churches 
also were situated at a great distance from the original center, and the 
time consumed in traveling made even the two stated sessions of the 
year a great burden. In this year, therefore, the original Chu Kwai was 
divided into three, and the Dai Kwai (Synod) already provided for in the 
constitution was formed. 

In 1885 the mission of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of 
America, South, and in 1886 that of the Reformed (German) Church in the 
United States joined the Council. In 1886 two additional Chu Kwai were 
formed. It should be mentioned here that the mission of the Women's 
Union Missionary Society, although not represented in the Council of 
United Missions, has co-operated with the United Church from the begin- 
ning, and has contributed by sympathy and labor not a little to its successful 
progress. 

The Church has continued to grow in self-support and self-government 
through recent years, although it has not made equal progress in self- 
propagation. 

Systematic evangelistic work by our mission was begun in 1875 with the 
assistance of Japanese Christians. The restrictions on foreign travel be- 
yond the narrow limits defined in the treaties were a serious obstacle. But 
as opportunity offered the work was carried on. The measure of success 
and the rapidity of results differed greatly in different places, but there w^as 
some measure of success everywhere, and soon stations began to be estab- 
lished and churches organized in widely distant parts of the country. 
• Later the co-operating missions united a large part of their evangelistic 
work under the direction of an Evangelistic Committee. This was chosen 
by the Council and included some of the missionaries and a number of 
Japanese ministers and elders. Some important parts of the work could 
not be brought under this committee on account of their distance from 
Tokyo, where the meetings of the committee were held. This was the case 
with all that work which centered at Nagasaki. The committee continued 
its work for two years, and made distinctly apparent the benefit of the 
association of the Japanese brethren with the missionaries in the direction 
and responsibility of the work, and thus prepared the way for a great 
advance in the development of the United Church. 

This advance was made in 1886 when the Dai Kwai organized a Mission 
Board (Dendo Kyoku), and directed the appointment of Mission Commit- 
tees (Dendo lin) in the different Chu Kwai. Under the direction of these 
the evangelistic work of the church and a large part of that of the missions 
have been carried on to the present time. In the Board and in each com- 
mittee one-half the membership is foreign and one-half Japanese. The 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN .MISSIONS 211 

churches are urged to make their contributions to the Board monthly, and 
the missions connected with the Council supplement these contributions by 
the gift of three times the amount. The Board makes an annual appro- 
priation to the Chu Kwai fission Committees, payable in monthly instal- 
ments, and these committees direct the work, each within its own bounds. 
This method has passed beyond the period of experiment. As rapidly as 
the contributions make it possible for the committees to extend their labors 
the missions are passing their separate evangelistic work to their care. 
The committees meet at stated times to receive reports from the ministers 
and evangelists in their employ, settle cases of difficulty, arrange for popular 
"Lecture Meetings." and special gatherings for preaching, and devise ways 
and means for the more effective prosecution of their work. Among the 
evident advantages of this arrangement are these: The foreigners and 
Japanese work together on equal terms ; the leaders in the work of the 
church understand and confide in one another more and more largely ; the 
field is better understood ; its wants are more easily and quickly met ; the 
helpers are more thoroughly supervised than they could be by the foreign 
missionary alone, and the church is educated to the support and manage- 
ment of the work of evangelizing the empire. 

In 1917 the stations at the extreme North of Japan, Morioko and Amori, 
were handed over to the Mission of the Reformed Church in the United 
Slates as more closely related to the territory occupied by that Mission, 
and in the same year the two missions which started out as one in 1859 
and continued so for thirty years were reunited in a single mission. 

In the early days of Christian work in Japan the members of the mission 
were sometimes engaged in teaching in the government schools. Dr. Ver- 
beck was so engaged at Nagasaki for several years, and on his removal to 
Tokyo was the government's trusted adviser in the organization of the Im- 
perial University, of which he was the first Superintendent. Dr. Brown 
also taught in the government school at Niigata for a year, and after his 
return to Yokohama had a class of young men under his care from which 
have come some of the most trusted ministers of the United Church, and 
some valued assistants of missionaries of other denominations. The care 
of this class was afterward shared by several members of the mission, and 
it was removed to Tokyo in 1877 on the organization of the Union Theo- 
logical School. During the following year an effort was made to carry on 
a boys' school at Yokohama, but the Synod's Board could not supply the 
means for sustaining it and it failed. Professor Martin N. Wyckoff ar- 
rived in 1881 and organized a school known as the Sen Shi Gakko. This 
was well sustained and successful. It was removed to Tokyo two years 
later and united with the Tsukiji Dai Gakko of the American Presbyterian 
Mission, the two becoming the Union College. 

By the co-operation of the three missions in 1877 the Union Theological 
School had been organized. This was carried on for nine years by one rep- 
resentative from each of the three missions. 

In 1886 the educational work of these missions was further unified by 
the organization of the institution known as Meiji Gakuin ; "Meiji" being 



212 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

the name of the era of the Emperor and meaning "Enlightened Govern- 
ment," and "Gakuin" meaning "a hall of learning." In this institution the 
Union College became the Academic Department, and the Union The- 
ological School the Japanese (i. e., vernacular) Theological Department. 
A special department was added, providing instruction through the medium 
of the English language in theology and other special studies for the 
graduates of the Academic Department. The instruction in the Academic 
Department is for the most part in English, and that in the Theological 
Department in either English or Japanese at the discretion of the several 
professors. A series of optional post-graduate courses has been provided 
for the graduates of the Academic Department, to which the theological 
students, ministers residing in Tokyo, and others, are to be admitted sub- 
ject to suitable regulations. 

The aim of the Meiji Gakuin is to provide for its students a thorough 
education under Christian influences, and especially to train young men for 
the Christian ministry. Hebrew is not taught, and in Greek instruction has 
thus far been given only in the elements. Apart from these studies the 
curriculum of the Theological Department does not differ widely from that 
ef our theological seminaries at home. 

The general government is lodged in a Board of Directors, composed 
of seven foreign and seven Japanese members. The immediate administra- 
tion is under the faculties of the two departments. 

In 1887 Sandham and Hepburn halls were built, and the Academic De- 
partment opened its full term. Sandham Hall contains class rooms, besides 
offices. Hepburn Hall is a dormitory for students. Harris Hall, built 
in 1888, is a dormitory for theological students. There are also dwelling 
houses for the teachers. The library contains about 12,000 volumes. 

In 1891 Dr. Hepburn resigned his position as President, which he had 
held since 1887, and in his place the Rev. Kajinosuke Ibuka was elected to 
the post, which he has filled so well and so acceptably ever since. The next 
year the institution lost the services of Dr. Amerman, who had been so 
closely connected with it and had done so much for it from the beginning. 
He has left a record in the number of works translated into Japanese, 
chiefly the results of his lectures on Systematic Theology. In the same year 
Dr. Knox, who also had done efficient work as a teacher, retired to return 
to America. 

The purpose of the Academic Department is not only to give a good 
education, but to add instruction in the truths of Christianity and to en- 
deavor to build up Christian character. There is a Young Men's Christian 
Association, and some of its members teach in Sunday-schools. 

The course of instruction in the Theological Department includes at 
present the following subjects: Old Testament Introduction, History, and 
Theology; New Testament Introduction and Theology, the Life of Christ, 
and Exegesis of the Epistles ; Reading in English, General History, History 
of the Church and History of Doctrine ; Church Polity, Homiletics, Ethics, 
Apologetics, Philosophy of Religion, and Systematic Theology. A course 
of lectures on Pastoral Theology is generally delivered by one of the Jap- 
anese pastors in the city or neighborhood. 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 213 

All the students are during the term engaged in religious work among 
the diflferent churches or Sunday-schools of the city; some of them regu- 
larly supply preaching stations in and around the city. 

The Meiji Gakuin has continued its useful career through recent years 
under the principalship of Dr. K. Ibuka, who, after the completion of 
thirty years of distinguished service resigned in 1920, and was succeeded 
by a member of our Mission, Dr. Oltmans. The institution has grown 
greatly in numbers and now has nearly five hundred students. Its build- 
ings and equipment also have been increasing. 

In 1870 Miss Mary E. Kidder began teaching at Yokohama, with a class 
of four pupils, and soon after opened a girls' day school under the patron- 
age of the Governor of the Port. A few of the pupils were converted 
and the school was, on the whole, satisfactory, but from a missionary point 
of view a thoroughly successful day school seemed impossible. The 
parents of many of the pupils resided in the vicinity but a short time, and 
during this time the pupils were in the school only a portion of each day. 
There was little hope, therefore, that the impressions made would be last- 
ing. A boarding school was needed. After some delay the lease of a lot 
of ground on the Bluf? at Yokohama was obtained in 1874 and a school 
building erected. Miss Kidder had been married in July, 1873. to Rev. 
E. Rothesay Miller, and thenceforward conducted the school with her 
husband's assistance. 

Mr. and Mrs. Miller, returning to America on furlough in 1879. resigned 
the care of the school. In 1881 Rev. Eugene S. Booth, who had come 
from Nagasaki in search of health, undertook the care of the school at the 
request of the mission. Prior to 1881 the number of pupils in attendance 
at any one time had not exceeded 40. but the opportunity of broadening the 
influence of the school was presented in the rapidly growing desire among 
the Japanese people for the education of women, and the accommodations 
for pupils were increased by the enlargement of the building in 1882. The 
number of pupils soon exceeded a hundred. The desire for still further 
enlarging the work was placed before the church at home by Mr. Booth 
during his visit to America in 1886, and funds were provided for the pur- 
chase of an adjoining lot and the erection of an additional building. This 
is Van Schaick Hall. The school is thus provided with a much-needed 
chapel, additional recitation rooms, and dormitory accommodations, and 
can accommodate about two hundred boarders. The grade of the school 
has been advanced beyond what was desirable in the former period of its 
history and is equal to that of any other girls' school under mission direc- 
tion. This school was later named for Dr. Ferris. 

Ferris Seminary has been one of the most useful and singularly effective 
missionary institutions in Japan. Its particular field has been in building up 
a Christian womanhood with a view, not only to the homes, but to leader- 
ship in the increasing activities falling to women in Japan, especially in 
these later years. Dr. Eugene S. Booth has been the very successful 
principal of this institution for forty years, and has been decorated by the 
Japanese Government for his service, particularly to women's education in 



214 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Japan. The buildings have increased in numbers and pupils have crowded 
the halls until they now number two hundred and fifty. To be a graduate 
of Ferris Seminary is a distinction in Japan. 

Rev. Henry Stout arrived at Nagasaki in 1869, just prior to Dr. Ver- 
beck's removal to Tokyo, and for more than three years engaged in teach- 
ing in government schools. This vv^ork was relinquished as soon as it was 
thought that the time had come for direct mission work, and a boys' school 
was opened at the mission residence. The Bible was the principal text-book 
and instruction in English was offered as an inducement for young men to 
attend. Mrs. Stout began a school for girls also at the mission residence 
fn 1873. The pupils soon became so many that they could not be accommo- 
dated. An arrangement was, therefore, made by which both these schools 
were removed to the native town. In the course of a few weeks about 50 
girls and 30 boys were in attendance. Difficulties soon arose, however, on 
account of the use of the Bible, and the Japanese patrons caused the school 
to be closed; The work was resumed at the mission residence. Afterward, 
through tbe kindness of a Christian foreigner, a school house was built on 
the mission property and the school was removed to it. 
■ From this time untij 1886 school work, both for boys and girls, was car- 
rifed on amid alternations of hope and disappointment. In i88r Rev. Mr. 
Booth opened a boys' school and Mr. Stout began to teach a theological 
class of four students. Two of these are now most eflfective ministers of 
"the Gospel. 

'••Meantime, the Synod's Board had received from its President a gift for 
the establishment of the William H. Steele, Jr., Memorial School, and under 
the care of Rev. Albert Oltmans and Mrs. Oltmans, the mission educational 
work for boys in Nagasaki began a career of prosperity. A suitable loca- 
tion had already been chosen, and the erection of buildings for class rooms 
and dormitories begun. These were formally opened in the autumn of 
1887. 

Instruction is given in the Academic Department in English, Japanese, 
arithmetic, and sodie other common English branches, as geography -and 
physiology. There is daily instruction in the Bible for all the students. 

Steele Academy has similarly made large progress in recent .yea,rs. Under 
the vigorous and most successful principalship of Mr. Anthony Walvoord, 
its progi^ess was very conspicuous. The buildings and equipment have 
increased as also the attendance. This is one of the strong institutions 
of Japan. . 

The Misses Farrington were sent to Nagasaki in 1878 and began teach- 
ing a class of girls with the hope that it would be the nucleus of a school, 
but they were obliged by sickness to relinquish the work and returned to 
America 'the following year. As far as time and strength permitted, Mrs. 
Stout had before this been teaching such girls as she could gather about her, 
and now she again taught a small class, hoping that other ladies might be 
^ent from home' tb revive the school. Several years elapsed before the 
expected reihfoVc'eWients arrived, and then, on account of the necessity for 
Stfidyitig the Japarie§e language, several years rtiore passed before anything 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN' MISSIONS 21 5 

could be done beside the teaching of a small class. In 1887 the school 
building for the Jonathan Sturges Seminary was completed, and in Sep- 
tember the school was opened. 

In 1913 Sturges Seminary was united with a smaller institution for girls 
maintained by the Presbyterians and removed to Shimononseki. where new 
buildings were erected on a beautiful site, and the joint institutions con- 
tinuing the name of Sturges, Seminary started out on a new and very 
successful career. 

The ladies connected with the Ferris and Jonathan Sturges Seminaries 
do such work as time and opportunity allow in the families of the pupils. 

The wives of our missionaries are not idle. They too, whenever pos- 
sible, have their Bible, Sewing and English classes, generally connected 
with some church or school in the cities where they reside. 

The work for women has developed greatly in our Mission through the 
increasing number of lady missionaries and the enlarged opportunities 
offered in Japan. Almost every station has a lady missionary devoted en- 
tirely to evangelistic and educational work, and the bulk of this work 
constitutes each year a large part of the activity of the Mission. 

During the last few years much discussion has ranged about the question 
of self-support and the relation of the missionaries to the native church 
organization. Without going into a special consideration of these ques- 
tions, we may say that the native Christians have been gradually collecting 
more and more money. They realize that contributions to local e.xpenses 
is a reasonable service and duty. The influence of the Synod, Classes, and 
church papers, too, is strongly this way. 

. In earlier years, while the native church was still in swaddling clothes, 
the missions, of necessity, did all the thinking and planning for it. With 
the growth and development of the church, it has assumed its own re- 
sponsibilities and is discharging its own proper functions. This is naturally 
a time when difticult questions arise, and friction often develops. ■ In this 
field we have been singularly free from difficulties of this order. The 
mission cares for nothing more than an advisory relation, in matters purely 
ecclesiastical, and this the native church freely accords, while in matters 
pertaining to our educational work or evengelism pure and simple, we have 
constantly enjoyed the sympathetic co-operation of the brethren of the 
native church organization. (For list of Missionaries in Japan .<;ee Part 
Three, "Japan"). 

THE .-VR-VBLVN MISSION (1889), 

Interest in missions was especially active in the Xew Brunswick Seminary 
in 1888-9. The students, James Cantine and Philip T. Phelps, of the 
senior class, and Samuel M. Zwemer, of the middle class, decided to go 
to the foreign field and to enter on pioneer work. Upon consultation with 
Professof Lansing, they chose the Mohammedan world. They proposed 
that this new work should be supported by subscriptions of from five 
dollars to two hundred by individuals, churches or other organizations. 
These first subscriptions were to run for five years, when the missfdn 



2l6 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

was to pass under the direct supervision of the Board of Foreign Missions 
of the church. The plan was presented to the General Synod of 1888. It 
was referred to the consideration of the Board, but the Board felt unable 
to assume any supervision at that time of this new enterprise. 

The mission was, however, inaugurated independently on Aug. i, 1889. 
It took for its motto, "Oh, that Ishmael might live before Thee!" The field 
chosen was Arabia. A Committee of Advice from four of the contributors 
was appointed. Under the circumstances, the mission was undenomina- 
tional. The amount needed was to be simply the amount needed' to equip 
and support the missionaries sent. The mission was incorporated in New 
Jersey and it at once received a legacy of nearly $5,000 from Catharine 
Jane Halstead. 

On Oct. 16, 1889. James Cantine sailed. Samuel M. Zwemer sailed in 

1890. These two pioneers visited Syria and from there went to Cairo. 
On Dec. 18, 1890, Mr. Cantine left Cairo for Aden, and on Jan. 8, 1891, Mr. 
Zwemer took steamer for Suakim to consult with General Haig, a great 
friend of missions to the Mohammedans. 

The two missionaries at first explored southwestern Arabia. In May, 

1891, Mr. Cantine went to Muscat and the Persian Gulf, while Mr. Zwemer 
studied the possibilities of an opening in Yemen. Mr. Cantine visited 
Bahrein and other ports, finally going on to Basrah and Bagdad. But 
Basrah (Bossora) seemed to be the proper place in which to begin opera- 
tions. An English physician having just left this field, a strong plea was 
made for an American physician, in order thus to gain the attention and 
confidence of the people. In 1892 C. E. Riggs, M.D., was sent out, but it 
soon became necessary to revoke his commission. This event, with the 
illness of Professor Lansing, and a decrease in the subscriptions, were 
serious blows to the work. But the missionaries on the field, nothing 
daunted, made an urgent appeal for five more men, and, to facilitate mat- 
ters, asked the reduction of their own salaries. They believed that the best 
way to succeed was to extend the work and trust in God. In 1892 Rev. 
P. J. Zwemer joined the mission. Arrangements were also now made 
with the British and Foreign Bible Society to carry on their Bible work in 
this field. 

In 1893 Bahrein was occupied as a second station. Within a year 200 
portions of Scriptures had been sold. Eastern Arabia was now also visited, 
perhaps for the first time in recent centuries, by a Christian missionary. 

In 1894 James T. Wyckoflf, M.D., sailed for the Arabian field. He visited 
Constantinople on his way to secure a Turkish diploma also, to facilitate 
his work. He arrived at Basrah in March, 1895. But a severe attack of sick- 
ness compelled his speedy relinquishment of the field. 

In 1893 Peter J. Zwemer visited Maskat. The prospects for work in 
Oman were so encouraging that it was decided he should occupy that field. 

After many difficulties in the home administration of this mission it was 
finally transferred to the care of the regular Board in June, 1894. The 
distinct existence of the old corporation was still preserved, but its mem- 
bers, for convenience, are chosen from the members of the regular Foreign 



HISTORY OF FOREIGN MISSIONS 21/ 

Board. This put the administration of the Arabian Mission in experienced 
hands. In 1895. after seven years of labor in Arabia, Mr. Cantine visited 
America on furlough. Rev. S. M. Zwemer was now transferred to Basrah, 
and Bahrein was left uncared for. The enervating character of the climate 
caused the missionaries great discomfort, while at the same time touring 
was rendered impracticable by tribal wars. Maskat was captured by the 
Bedouins, the mission house was looted, and Peter J. Zwemer was obliged 
to take refuge with the British Consulate. The Bible work at Basrah was 
also stopped by Turkish authority, the Bible shop was closed, and the col- 
porteurs arrested. 

The arrival of Dr. H. K. L. Worrall in 1895, possessing also a Turkish 
medical diploma, again gained the hearts of the people; but a severe sick- 
ness during his first summer on the field interfered with the work. But 
Mr. Cantine's visit to America had excited new interest for this Arabian 
mission. During the same year a new station was opened at Amara and 
there were some earnest inquirers. 

Work for the women of Eastern Arabia was begun in 1896 by Mrs. S. 
M. Zwemer. She had left the mission of The Church Missionary Society, 
at Bagdad, in order to marry Mr. Zwemer. First at Basrah, then at a 
Bahrein and Kateef, she inaugurated woman's work. Extensive tours 
were also now made by Rev. P. J. Zwemer with native colporteurs. One of 
the latter visited the pirate coast of Katar and sold over a hundred por- 
tions of Scripture. There has been a great increase in these sales, 80 per 
cent, of them being made to Molsems. 

In the autumn of 1895 Mr. Cantine returned to the field. In 1896 Mr. 
and Mrs. Zwemer left on a furlough. Mr. P. J. Zwemer now started a 
school of 18 African slave boys. A hand press also now began to be 
used, and a little tract was at once issued, in Arabic : "Mohammed or Christ 
—On Which Do You Rely?" 

At Basrah the medical work brought many within the hearing of the 
Gospel. Dr. Worrall also began work at Nasariah. At Amara inquirers 
were found. 

At the close of 1897 Rev. F. J. Barny arrived on the field and began 
the study of the language. In 1898 Rev. P. J. Zwemer, quite broken down 
in health, returned to America and died. Four new missionaries now went 
to this field. Miss Margaret Rice (now Mrs. F. J. Barny) and Rev. 
George E. Stone sailed with Mr. and Mrs. S. M. Zwemer on their return in 
August, 1898. Sharon J. Thoms, M.D., and Marion Wells Thoms, M.D.. 
of the University of Michigan, arrived on the field in December. 1898. 
But Mr. Stone died on June 26, 1899. Soon after Rev. H. J. Wiersum and 
Rev. J. E. Moerdyk went to the Arabian field, but Mr. Wiersum died 
in 1 901. Many others have since followed. 

The work of the Arabian Mission is developing with impressiveness 
parallel to the conditions in the other mission fields during the last twenty 
years. The old stations of Basrah, Bahrein and Maskat have been strength- 
ened with a number of missionaries and further equipment for service and 
new stations have been opened at Nasariah (1919), Amara (1920), Bagh- 



2l8 THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA 

dad (1921). Medical work has been very effective in softening the heart 
of the Moslem and irr affording opportunity for evangelistic work. 

The Mason Memorial Hospital built from funds supplied by the family 
of Rev. A. De Witt Mason has done a peculiarly valuable work from the 
center at Bahrein, its influence reaching far into the interior of the 
Nejd. In recent years this hospital has been in the care of Dr. Paul 
W. Harrison, who is carrying his medical ministrations two hundred and 
fifty miles into the interior going as far as the important capital at Riadh. 

The Lansing Memorial Hospital at Bahrein, built from funds supplied 
by Miss Lansing, Albany, has done a peculiarly effective work in this 
important and rapidly growing city. It was through this hospital that the 
openirg of the new station at Kuweit was made possible. The medical 
missionaries particularly identified with the work of this hospital are Dr. 
and Mrs. Arthur K. Bennett. Mrs. Bennett, also a physician, lost her life 
through her devotion to the, work of this hospital during the period of the 
war. The hospital at Kuweit, built from funds supplied by a member of 
the Church at Bronxville. New York, has also rendered a wide service. 
This has been in the care of Dr. C. S. G. Mylrea. More recently a Dis- 
pensary for Women has been opened in Kuweit, which has been under the 
care of Mrs. E. E. Calverley. 

As a direct result of the War, Upper Mesopotamia has been opened to 
evangelistic work through the withdrawal of Turkey from political rela- 
tions with this area. Dr. Cantine occupied Baghdad in 1921, the Church 
Missionary Society having withdrawn its missionaries from that city and 
from the entire area. Plans are now being formed for the occupancy 
of Upper Mesopotamia through the joint responsibility placed upon the 
Missionary Societies of the Presbyterian-Reformed order, who now have 
missions in the neighboring, territory of Persia and Syria. Large op- 
portunities are also offered for the occupancy of the interior of Arabia in 
fulfillment of the plans so persistently maintained by the Mission through 
all its history. 

Dr. John Van Ness is making the contribution which is so characteristic 
of missionaries toward the building up of a Christian literature in the 
language of the country. He is the author of an Arabic Grammar and 
Reader now in general use. 

The missionary staff consists of about thirty-five members all now 
eagerly awaiting the opportunities for more open evangelistic work in this 
cradle of Islam. (For list of Missionaries see Part III, Arabia). 



CHAPTER XXIX. 
HISTORY OF DOMESTIC MISSIONS. 

REVISED BY WILLIAM T. PEMAKEST, LL.D.. SECRETARY OF THE 
BOARD OF DOMESTIC MISSION'S. 

FIRST PERIOD — 1786-1806. 

Until the independence of the American Reformed churches in 1772 
they were themselves missionary ground. In 1786 the old Synod took 
the first action on the subject of Missions, appointing Messrs. Westerlo, 
D. Romeyn, H. Schoonmaker. and H. Meyer a committee to devise some 
plan for sending the Gospel to the destitlite localities, and to report to the 
next Synod. This action was induced by a request from the inhabitants 
of Saratoga to be furnished with the preaching of the Word. The Classis 
of Albany was requested to attend to their wants, in the meantime, by 
occasional supplies. Plans were presented the ne.xt year, but the subject 
postponed, and Dr. Hardenbergh added to the committee'. They finally 
recommended that voluntary collections be taken up in all the congrega- 
tions, as manifestations of their love, to aid in the extension of the Church. 
The moneys so collected were to be laid on the tables of the Classes, and 
through them transferred to the Synod. Each Classis was also specially 
directed to look after the destitute fields within its own bounds. In 1791 
appeals came from Hardy County, at the headwaters of the Potomac, in 
West Virginia, asking for help. They were supplied through the ordina- 
tion of a Christian physician residing there. (Jennings). The subject 
of church extension is found inserted, as an item in the regular business 
of each Classis in 1790, and moneys began to come into Synod's hands 
for this cause. A Classis at this time would collect from ten- to tweftty- 
five pounds annually. The Synod could now begin to act. A comfnittee 
was appointed to find persons willing to undertake mission tours, while 
the Classis of Albany was requested still to take special charge of the needy 
in their vicinity. The next year, the Synod made the Dcputati Syiwdi a 
committee on church extension, to take entire charge of the matter, and 
report to the Synod ; but with the constitution of the General Synod, two 
years later their duties in this office seems to have ceased. Appeals also 
came from the distant Kentucky, and from the Susquehanna.' In 1792 
Andrew Gray, of Poughkeepsie. undertook a tour to the latter region, 
spending six weeks, while his pulpit was supplied by the Synod. Two years 
later the brethren Cornelison and S. Ostrander made similar fours, the 
former going up the Delaware as far as the Great Bend, and thence across 
to the Susquehanna, and down the same to Wyoming, spending eight weeks ; 



'See Conewago, under list of churches. 

219 



220 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

while the latter proceeded from Catskill to Jericho, at the Unadilla, and 
thence to Schenenas, Cherry Valley, and the Onondaga, for the same 
length of time. Mr. Cornelison established the first church in our domestic 
missionary efforts, at Tioga, under the name of the Church of Union, in 
the Chenango Valley, near Binghamton (1794). 

In 1796 the people of Salt River,^ Mercer County, Ky., forwarded a call to 
the Classis of New Brunswick, earnestly requesting them to fill it. Peter 
Labagh, a student of Froeligh, offered to visit this field, provided he could 
be ordained as a missionary before going. The Synod consented, and the 
Classis of Hackensack, to which he belonged, put the call in his hands. 
Furnished with £30, he started. He organized a church of one hundred 
families at Salt River, but on account of their distance, their unsettled state, 
and the improbability of his denomination extending in that remote locality, 
he returned their call. About the same time George Brinkerhofif undertook 
a mission to the Genesee country, spending eight weeks. The Classis of 
Albany urged again on Synod the duty of devising some effectual way to 
meet the many prayers which were made for the Bread of Life. The Synod, 
however, only postponed the further consideration of their request. In 
1797 John Duryee and Peter Stryker, and in 1798 Jacob Sickles and Samuel 
Smith, undertook similar missions to those already mentioned. At the 
close of the century all the Classes were forwarding money (most of the 
churches contributing) except the Classis of Kingston, for the cause of 
church extension. 

In the meantime, the Classis of Albany became specially prominent for 
its zeal in this cause. In 1798 they employed Robert McDowell, one of 
their ministers, as their missionary to Canada, who. in a short time, organ- 
ized six large churches, embracing more than four hundred families, along 
the St. Lawrence and the northern shores of Ontario. The people there 
seemed hungry for the Bread of Life. In 1800 he permanently settled over 
three of these churches. (McDowell). Six other missionaries were also 
employed by them, drawing their expenses from the funds of the Synod. 
The Synod, in 1800, formally appointed the Classis of Albany to take 
charge of all the missionary operations in the north. (.1/. G. S., i. 307, an 
interesting report). With the increase of churches, several new Classes 
were organized. 

But the cause somewhat languished after this, for want of men and 
means. Yet, in 1804, the first legacy for any of the benevolent operations 
of the church was left by a Christian lady, Sarah de Peyster. Upon 
inquiry, the Synod informed her executors that the Classis of Albany was 
their society for receiving such funds. 

For eight years Canada had been the sole field of operations. The 
Classis of New Brunswick complained that there were destitute places 
within their bounds which ought to participate in the funds. In 1806, 
therefore, the Particular Synod of New York requested the General Synod 
to resume the immediate management of all the missionary operations of 
the church which had been confided to the Classis of Albany. This was 



'See Salt River under list of churches. 



HISTORY OF DOMESTIC MISSION'S 221 

done. Thus ends the first period of twenty years of the missionary opera- 
tions of the Reformed Church. 

SFXoxi) PERIOD — 1806-1822. 

The Synod now appointed a committee of four ministers and four 
elders, with plenary powers, to whom should be confided all her missionary 
operations. They were located in Albany till 1819, when, with the final 
abandonment of the Canadian missions, they were directed to locate in 
New York. They received all the missionary documents from the Classis 
of Albany, and the members of the committee held their apointment dur- 
ing the pleasure of Synod. They were known as the "Standing Committee 
of Missions for the Reformed Dutch Church in America." 

This standing committee commenced their operation on the old plan — 
short tours by settled pastors. But these reported the unsatisfactoriness of 
such efforts. Messrs. Bork, C. Ten Eyck, and P. D. Froeligh, in 1806, 
went west from Albany one hundred and fifty miles, thence to Lake 
Ontario, and down the St. Lawrence to Ogdensburg. and up the same river 
on the Canada side, and along the lake, all the way round to Niagara, and 
thence home, visiting many settlements, and organizing five new churches 
in Canada. Three years later Messrs. Sickles and H. Ostrander traversed 
the same ground, the parties having spent about three months each time. 
They found the state of religion very low, though they were treated with 
civility and kindness. Settled ministers were wanted. The next year 
(1810) John Beattie went over the same route and organized an additional 
church at York, in Canada^, spending nearly five months. From that time 
till the close of the war with Great Britain, only one laborer visited that 
region; namely, John Duryee. In 1817 John F. Schermerhorn and Jacob 
van Vechten. and in 1818-19 Cornelius Bogardus, again visited those 
churches, and a Presbyterian licentiate, Mr. Allen, was also employed by 
the committee. During all this time ( 1798-1819) Mr. McDowell had been 
faithfully laboring in his own charges in Canada. There were yet eleven 
of those mission churches existing. They earnestly sought for two more 
ministers to settle there and organize a Classis. 

But the church was becoming disheartened by the distance, and the want 
of men and means. Their missionary funds had not yet exceeded $400 per 
year. Complaints were heard from many quarters. There were many calls 
from churches in the Union and nearer home. By resolution, the field had 
been limited to Canada and the routes thither. In 1815 Synod permitted 
operations elsewhere in the States. A mission to Deer Park (Port Jervis), 
by C. C. Eltinge. in 1816. resulted in his settlement there, where he con- 
tinued for twenty-seven years. 

With the transfer of the committee to New York the Canadian churches 
were abandoned. One minister in each Classis was asked to make known 
the proper fields at home. Some of the Classes had begun to retain their 
money for their own missionary necessities. Herkimer, Fulton, Schoharie, 
Saratoga. Washington, and Warren Counties, N. Y. ; Sussex, N. J. ; Pike, 
Pa., and the locality of Spotswood. N. J., were the fields now opening to 



222 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

view. A church was soon organized at Spotswood. through the labors of 
Van Hook. Isaac Ferris labored for three months along the Mohawk, 
and received a call to Manheim, but declined. Mr. Switz followed him 
there for the same period. The next year ^Messrs. Ketchum and Fort 
were sent to that locality, and also Mr. van Hook, after having spent a 
short time at Stillwater, in Sussex County, X. J. Cent societies were also 
started at this time, in many churches, but with small results. 

During the three years of the committee in Xew York, besides the 
church at Spotswood, others were organized — one at Oppenheim, one at 
Fayette, Seneca County, and one at Le Roy, Jefferson County, N. Y. Eight 
missionaries had been employed. In 1821 Synod appointed Messrs. Knox, 
Milledoler, and Woodhull a committee to draw up a new plan for mission- 
ary operations and to report to next Synod. But their action was fore- 
stalled by individual efforts. At the suggestion of Paschal N. Strong a 
number of pious individuals, in January, 1822, organized themselves into a 
society to be known as "The Missionary Society of the Reformed Dutch 
Church." The formation of this society was made known to the Synod, 
and the matter was referred to the Committee on Missions. Its birth was 
hailed with joy. Its board of managers was made Synod's Standing Com- 
mittee on Missions, and «11 the churches were exhorted to form auxiliary 
societies, not only for domestic, but for foreign missionary operations. 

THiRn PERIOD — 1822-31. 

The policy of the new society was to employ as many of the graduates of 
the seminary as were willing to undertake missions, to have auxiliary so- 
cieties in every congregation, and to take up collections at the monthly con- 
certs for prayer. They published reports each year which were scattered 
through the churches. This society was the beginning of a new life. 
Nearly $2,000 were contributed in the first four months, and the amount 
increased in the sixth year to more than $5,000. During the ten years of 
the existence of this society they collected more than $30,000, and aided 
about 100 churches or stations and 130 missionaries. This society also 
started, in 1826, the "Magazine of the R. D. Church," issued monthly, and 
which, four years later, was transformed into the "Christian Intelligencer." 

They confined their efforts to the then limits of the church, in strengthen- 
ening and establishing present organizations rather. than extending. 

But the Particular Synod of Albany felt that they were remote from 
the Board, and did not receive all the help which their destitute localities 
demanded, and, accordingly, in 1828, the Synod directed that a Northern 
Board be appointed by the Missionary Society, to act under them. They 
were accordingly organized, and appointed J. F. Schermerhorn their agent 
(1829), to call forth the resources of the Church and determine the proper 
missionary fields. There were at the time (1830) 159 ministers, 12 licen- 
tiates, and 194 churches, of which s;i were vacant, and 26 in need of aid. 
Mr. Schermerhorn gave a new impetus to the work of benevolence in the 
church. But the Northern Board was dissatisfied with arrangements. 
They were, in fact, only a sub-committee of the society in New York, to 



HISTORY OF DOMESTIC MISSIONS 223 

which everything must be finally referred. They could do nothing in- 
dependently. They a?ked that the wisdom of Synod would consider the 
matter. The Missionary Society was not wholly under the control of 
Synod. Some collisions had occurred. Mr. Schermerhorn had been dis- 
charged by the New York society in 1830. It was felt that Synod should 
have full power over all the missionary operations of the church. Synod 
accordingly notified the society that the officers whom they had recently 
elected should be continued during the present year, but that next year their 
number should be reduced to fifteen (one-half), and Synod would elect 
them, and they were requested to alter their constitution accordingly. 
Their duties were also limited to the Particular Synod of New York, while 
Synod elected fifteen for a similar society in the north. Mr. Schermerhorn 
was also appointed general agent of the Church, at a salary of $1,300 a 
year, to be raised by private subscription. But the old society in New York 
refused to conform to the injunction of Synod. In 1831, therefore. Synod 
changed the basis of all the operations, by constituting the Board of Mis- 
sions. The benevolence of the church was for a few years nearly equally 
divided between the two societies, but at length the old society became 
au.xiliary to the new Board. In 1831 forty-five missionary stations were 
reported. 

FOURTH PERIOD 183I-1879. 

This Board of Missions had all the mission operations of the church 
committed to its hands. Mr. Schermerhorn went at once vigorously to 
work. More than $5,400 crowned his efforts in the first year, and eight 
new churches were organized and pastors installed over them. Yet there 
existed great prejudice against the employment of an agent. Dr. C. C. 
Cuyler. in 1832. ably vindicated the necessity and propriety of the office, 
and Mr. Schermerhorn was elected a third time to this position ; but he 
declined, and Rev. A. H. Dumont was elected in his place. The old Mis- 
sionary Society continued to send their reports, but Synod declined to take 
any action on them. Great excitement prevailed on the whole subject for a 
couple of years, and the church paper was filled with the discussion. Mr. 
Dumont's effort, for the single year of his service, secured about $5,200. 
But in 1833 Synod was mistakenly induced to discontinue the agency, but 
with bad results, the receipts falling off $2,400 the first year. The old Mis- 
sionary Society now consented to become auxiliary to the Board, and 
their receipts swelled the total to $5,600. The German Church also about 
this time made informal overtures for united efforts to help their churches 
in Central Pennsylvania. For nine years the Board depended on Classical 
agents. During this time (1837) the first church of the denomination was 
organized in the West, at Fairview, 111. Other churches were subse- 
quently organized in Michigan. Illinois, and the territory of Wisconsin. In 
1841 these were sufficient to organize the Classes of Illinois and Michigan, 
and ten years later the Classis of Holland. The yearly benevolence during 
this period, for this cause, only amounted to four or five thousand dollars 
per annum, though it had sometimes exceeded $6,000 in earlier years 



224 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

(1830-35). About thirty-five churches per annum received aid from the 
Board. But in 1842 a financial secretary was appointed, Rev. Ransford 
Wells, to take the general superintendence of both the Foreign and Do- 
mestic Missions, the Board of Education, and the Sabbath School Union. 
The next year, in consequence of enlarged operations and the need of in- 
creased services, a division of duties was made — those pertaining to the 
Western missions being placed in the hands of Rev. B. C. Taylor, and those 
pertaining to the Eastern, in the hands of Rev. G. H. Fisher. The cause 
was now in a prosperous condition. Many churches were organized and 
assisted. In 1844, however, Dr. Wells resigned, and the loss of the financial 
agent was plainly visible. During the last year of his labors, the receipts 
of the Board reached the sum of $9,516, and the subsequent year they 
decreased nearly $3,000. The name of the Board was also at this time 
changed from the "Board of Missions" to the "Board of Domestic Missions 
of General Synod." The secretaries of the East and the West continued 
their labors till 1849. In 1845 the Synod appointed Rev. Dr. Ferris to 
visit the Western field and report its condition. About this time also the 
large immigration of Hollanders began ; they settled in Michigan and ad- 
joining states. These naturally, to a large extent, united with the Reformed 
Church. Operations were soon greatly enlarged, and in 1849 the Board 
was reorganized, and Rev. John Garretson chosen secretary. 

During the following decade of years no less than one hundred and fifty 
new churches were organized, many of them under the auspices of the 
Domestic Board. During this same time the receipts more than doubled, 
reaching, in the year of Dr. Garretson's resignation, the sum of nearly 
$17,000. Rev. Anson du Bois succeeded Dr. Garretson, and having served 
in this capacity for three years, Rev. Goyn Talmage took his place. Rev. 
Cyrus Vanderveer succeeded for a brief space (July, 1867 — April, 1868) 
and the position was occupied by Rev. Jacob West, D.D. The receipts 
for the year ending April, 1878, were $27,542. The number of Classes 
during the existence of this Board has more than doubled. The Board 
during the year 1878 employed ninety-seven laborers and assisted one hun- 
dred and two churches. These churches contributed to the funds of the 
Board, for the year ending April, 1878, about $1,230. The Board of 
Domestic Missions was incorporated in 1867. Its funds had previously 
been held by the Board of Corporation. 



FIFTH PERIOD 1879-I922. 

The Fifth Period of the History of the Domestic Mission work of the 
Reformed Church has been preeminently a time of estabhshment and 
enlargement. 

The service rendered by a mission board is so largely dependent upon 
the funds provided by the churches that it is proper to show that the 
progress made by this Board during these years has but kept pace with 
the constantly enlarging contributions of the Reformed Church constituency. 
In 1879 the total receipts for Domestic Missions were $29,368.31. In 1889 
they had reached a total of $52,075.71. Ten years later, in 1899, the receipt 
of $83,870.28 was reported. In 1909 the total was $146,990.73, which in 
1919 had increased to $234,228.96. In 1920 total receipts were $329,531.29, 
and in 1921 they reached a total of $421,192.96. As a result of this advance 
in resources the Board, with the approval of the General Synod, is conduct- 
ing a wider work than was possible in its earlier history, is giving more 
adequate support to missionaries and missionary pastors, and is efficiently 
contributing to the growth in America of the Reformed Church. 

The beginnings of a program of advance may be found in 1882 with 
the observance of the fiftieth anniversary of the Board. Plans were 
formulated at a Jubilee Convention held that year in Newark, N. J., 
which led to the organization of the Women's Executive Committee of the 
Board. This organization of consecrated women undertook to enlist the 
women of the Reformed Church in the work of Domestic Missions, secur- 
ing their contributions and using the funds to assist the Board in meeting 
its obligations. Twelve years later the Board consented to the beginning 
of work among American Indians by the women's organization, which 
agreed that only funds specifically contributed for this purpose should be 
used for the work. Under a similar agreement the women's organiza- 
tion began work in 1899 among the mountaineers in Jackson County, 
Kentucky. The success of these missions and their growth is indicated 
by the fact that in 1921 the specified contributions for Indian missions 
totalled $57,287.01, and for the Mountain missions $53,437.90, either sum 
being considerably larger than the total contributions of the Church for all 
Domestic Missions in 1882, when the Women's Executive Committee was 
organized. In 1907 this organization commenced mission work among the 
Japanese resident in and around New York, and two mission stations for 
these people are now successfully maintained. In 1909 the Women's 
Executive Committee was incorporated under the laws of the State of New 
York as ".Women's Board of Domestic Missions." 

While the women were thus moving forward in service there was cor- 
responding advance in all those matters immediately administered by Gen- 

225 



226 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

eral Synod's Board of Domestic Missions. A decision that has led to a 
marked increase in service was made in 1889, when it was decided to 
extend the policy of appointing Classical Missionaries, previously confined 
to Dakota, to other sections of the Church, and in the following year such 
missionaries were appointed for the Classes of Grand River, Iowa and 
Wisconsin. The duty of these missionaries is to seek fields for church 
extension, to care for pastorless churches, and to render all assistance pos- 
sible in the growth of the Church. The importance of such service is 
increasingly evident, not only in the West, where their work was begun, 
but also in the older eastern classes. Sixteen such Classical Missionaries 
are at the present working under the Board's appointment, their service 
extending from the shores of the Atlantic, in the Classis of New York, to 
those of the Pacific, in the Classis of the Cascades. 

This farthest western Classis of the Church was organized in 1912, its 
churches and missions having previously been included in the Classis of 
Dakota. It has the largest territory of any Classis, comprising the states of 
Montana, Washington, Oregon and California. The occupation of this 
northwestern section of our country by the Reformed Church is due to 
the movement of settlers from older communities of Hollanders in the 
Middle West to the newer territory, and also to the settlement of immi- 
grants from the Netherlands in the far West. The development of the 
western sections of the Church, fostered and assisted by the Board of 
Domestic Missions, also led to the organization, in 1919, of the Particular 
Synod of Iowa in which is now included practically all of the territory 
west of the Mississippi River. 

In these years of progress the Board has also undertaken some phases 
of home mission service which were unknown in the Reformed Church 
during the earlier periods. In 1897 the suggestion was made at the Gen- 
eral Synod that some service be rendered to the colored people of the 
South. The work was not commenced for several years, but in 1903 the 
Board reported to the Synod its maintenance of missions among the 
colored people of Orangeburgh, Magnolia, Shiloh and Timmonsville, all 
in the state of South Carolina. A mission was also organized at Flor- 
ence, S. C, a few years later. It did not take long to demonstrate that the 
type of worship in the Reformed Church was not attractive to the rank 
and file of the Negroes, who preferred the more emotional service oflfered 
by other churches. The better educated only were reached by our churches. 
At the present time but two of these churches are maintained, those at 
Florence and Timmonsville. The Board provides the funds for the main- 
tenance of their pastors, but the immediate administration of the work 
has been placed for several years with the E.xecutive Committee for 
Home Missions of the Southern Presbyterian Church. 

Although small parochial schools have been connected with some of the 
missions to colored people, it was not until 1919 that the Board entered the 
work of Negro education in any effective way. The Southern Normal 
and Industrial Institute at Brewton, Alabama, had been independently 
started in a small way several years previously and had enlisted the 



FIFTH PERIOD — 1879-I92I 2.2J 

niterest of a number of Reformed churches. At the request of the Par- 
ticular Synod of Chicago the Board investigated the school with a view 
to taking it under denominational control. It was found to have a good 
outlook, the good will of its community, and to be much needed. With 
the consent of the General Synod the Board took over the property and 
since October, 1919, has been responsible for its maintenance. It has at 
present about two hundred scholars. 

In 1908 and 1909 work was commenced by the Board among Italians and 
Hungarians and in the twelve years which have elapsed it has attained 
considerable proportions. So far as can be ascertained this is the first 
organized work among immigrant peoples other than Hollanders under- 
taken by the Reformed Church. It was begun by the Board at practically 
the same time that the Women's organization began work among the 
Japanese. Italian missions are now maintained in Chicago, 111., Newburgh, 
N. Y., Weehawken, Haskensack, Englewood and Newark, N. J. Mis- 
sions for Hungarians are located at Peekskill, Poughkeepsie and Hud- 
son, N. Y., and at Manville and Flemington, N. J. 

The record of this period of the Board's history would be incomplete 
without reference to the service among the white residents of Oklahoma 
commenced in the summer of 1900 by four theological students who held 
evangelistic meetings in various communities of the then new state. The 
work thus begun was continued the following summer and as a result of it 
Reformed churches were organized in eight or nine Oklahoma towns and 
cities. On October 4, 1906, the Classis of Oklahoma was organized by 
the Particular Synod of New York, including in its membership not only 
the churches referred to but also a few Indian churches which had been 
organized as a result of the success of the missions to Indians maintained 
by the Women's Executive Committee. The Reformed Church was the 
first to carry the Gospel to some of these southwestern communities, but 
their permanent settlement was largely by people from the southern states 
who provided no constituency for our churches. The Reformed Church 
was unknown to them even in name. With the object. of conserving the 
work that had been accomplished the Board decided in 1910, after full 
conference with the Classis and the individual churches, to withdraw its 
support from the latter and to encourage their transfer to denomina- 
tions in position effectively to develop them. The churches were ulti- 
mately transferred to the Presbyterian Church, some to the northern body 
and some to the southern ; their properties, in most cases owned by the 
Board, were sold to the new organizations thus' formed, and a year later 
the Classis of Oklahoma was disbanded. It remains to be said that the 
service rendered for ten years by the Reformed Church in the Oklahoma 
field may not be counted as wasted eflFort from the standpoint of evangel- 
ism, and the progress of the churches since their transfer demonstrates 
the wisdom shown in giving to them .the more favorable circumstances of 
ecclesiastical connections which could contribute to their growth and wel- 
fare. ■ 



228 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

A new opportunity for service came to the Board in 1917 with ihe 
purchase by the United States from Denmark of the islands formerly 
known as the Danish West Indies and called, since the purchase, the 
Virgin Islands. For a number of years the Board had assisted the Re- 
formed Church at St. Thomas on these islands, the only church in the 
whole group belonging to an American religious body. Following the pur- 
chase of our Government a considerable number of sailors and marines 
were stationed at St. Thomas and the Board is now maintaining not only 
the church but is providing by its missionary an effective religious and 
social work among the enlisted men of the United States forces. 

There has been but one change in the Board's charter during these forty- 
three years. Its work was formerly restricted "to aiding weak and founding 
new churches of the denomination" and in 1900 the charter was amended 
so as "to allow its missionaries to engage in evangelistic work which may 
not immediately eventuate in the founding of new churches." 

The Church Building Fund, instituted by the General Synod in 1854, is 
administered by the Board as a separate department. Its income has 
never been sufficient to meet the calls for loans under Synod's plans, yet 
fully three hundred churches have been the beneficiaries of its resources. 
At the present time, ffom contributions and repayments, its income aver- 
ages fifty thousand dollars per year, which is also the amount loaned 
annually to churches to assist their building projects. For such loans 
the churches pay interest at the rate of one per cent, per annum for five 
years, and, if the loan is further extended, two per cent, thereafter. 

These years have witnessed a commendable growth in two forms of 
•co-operation, one between the several boards of the Reformed Church, and 
'the other between the several home mission boards of the evangelical 
'Churches. As to the latter there is recorded a conference with Presby- 
terians and Congregationalists in 1892 at which principles were adopted 
to govern instances of overlapping on the home mission field. Baptists 
;and Methodists were invited to this conference but declined to co-ope.ate. 
Three years later, at the instance of the Alliance of Reformed Churches, 
another conference was held and the rules governing comity then adopted 
were found effective in two cases within a year. In 1907 the Home Mis- 
sions Council was organized, including in its membership the home mis- 
sion organizations of practically all evangelical churches, and as a result 
of this fellowship denominational disputes on home mission fields are 
practically ended. 

inter-board co-operation in the Reformed Church has developed es- 
fpecially along the lines of publicity and promotion. The Department of 
Young Peoples Work, organized in 1895, was jointly maintained by the 
Domestic and Foreign Boards and was discontinued when the Board of 
Publication enlarged the scope of its service to Bible schools and young 
people's organizations. In the Progress Campaign, instituted in 1917, all 
the Boards are in co-operation. They also co-operate in the publication of 
The Christian Intelligencer and Mission Field and in the joint maintenance of 
various office matters including an inter-communicating telephone system 



FIFTH PERIOD — 1879-I92I 229^ 

in the headquarters building at 25 East 22nd Street, New York. The 
Foreign and Domestic Boards also co-operate in the maintenance of a 
district office at Holland, Michigan. 

There have been manj' changes in the officers of the Board in this period. 
In 1879 Mr. S. R. W. Heath was president. His successors were elected 
in the years named : 1889 — Mr. G. E. Winants ; 1891 — Rev. Dr. Paul D^ 
Van Cleef; 1896— Rev. Dr. Cornelius Brett; 1906— Rev. Dr. Alfred H. 
Brush; 1910— Rev. Dr. James I. Vance; 1911 — Rev. Dr. James M. Farrar ; 
1921— Rev. Dr. James S. Kittell. In 1887 Rev. Dr. Jacob West, who had 
been for twenty years Corresponding Secretary of the Board, resigned, and 
Rev. Dr. Charles H. Pool was elected his successor. Dr. Pool died in 1906 
and for over a year Rev. Dr. William H. Vroom served as Acting Secre- 
tary. In 1907 Rev. John Brownlee Voorhees was elected Corresponding- 
Secretary and at the same time the position of Office Secretary was: 
created and Mr. William T. Demarest was elected to it. Mr. Voorhees 
resigned in 1912 and Mr. Demarest became the executive officer, although 
his title was not changed until 1920 when the word "Office" was dropped 
and he became known as Secretary of the Board. There have been two 
Field Secretaries : The office was created in 1897 and Rev. William Wal- 
ton Clark was its incumbent for ten years. After an interval of six years 
Rev. Seth Vander Werf was elected Field Secretary and is yet serving 
in that office. Mr. John S. Bussing was made Treasurer in 1885 and 
resigned in 1906 after twenty-one years service. He was succeeded by 
Mr. William T. Demarest, who served until he became one of the Board's 
secretaries the following year," when he was succeeded by Mr. James Wig- 
gins. In 1913 Mr. Wiggins died and Mr. Charles W. Osborne was his 
successor and is the present Treasurer. 



CHAPTER XXX. 
THE PROGRESS CAMPAIGN AND THE FUTURE. 

BY JOHN A. INGHAM, D.D., GENERAL SECRETARY, REFORMED CHURCH PROGRESS 

CAMPAIGN. 

The "end of the century" note often sounded in America as the year 
1900 drew near was drowned by the echo of Dewey's guns in Manila Bay. 
The acquisition of the PhiHppines aroused America to a new interest in 
things Asiatic. With a keener sense of responsibility for the Orient the 
churches of America, including our own, sought a more adequate system 
for enlisting the interest and the co-operation of the local churches in the 
world-wide work of the denomination. The financial plans included three 
items : the duple.x envelope, with its continuous appeal for the outside work 
along with parochial demands ; the every member canvass with its annual 
message of personal responsibility ; the system of budgets and quotas, set- 
ting goals upon the assumption that "what ought to be done, can be done." 

In the midst of this development, as the church was lengthening the cords 
of her benevolences and strengthening the stakes of her missionary in- 
terest, came the tragedy of the world war. Out of the conditions pre- 
ceding that war, and under the stimulus of the war's unprecedented de- 
mands, the middle years of the new century's second decade brought to 
American Protestantism a new vision of duties, opportunities and re- 
sponsibilities. It is against this background that we must set in its true 
perspective the launching of the "Five Year Program" by General Synod 
in 1918. 

Church growth and progress can never be adequately set forth in bare 
statistics. Nevertheless the annual summaries in the reports to General 
Synod are very striking. (A few earlier years are added for the purpose 
of comparison). 









Bible School 


Congregational 


Year 


Churches Ministers Communicants : 


Membership 


Benev. 


EJxpenses 


1841 


253 


234 23,962 


13,052, 






1861 


422 


411 50,295 


35,422 


$151,738 


$382,506 


1871 


467 


510 63,483 


51,169 


326,039 


901,617 


1881 


SO7 


550 80,591 


82,138 


218,842 


924,811 

Congrega- 






Minis- Communi- Bible School Denom. 


Other 


tional 


Year 


Churches 


ters cants Membership Benev. 


Benev. 


Expenses 


1891 


570 


582 94,323 108,691 


$214,883 


$94,691 


$1,013,335 


1901 


654 


716 111,171 123.934 


286,928 


92.508 


1,165,216 


I911 


689 


750 117,288 118,687 


402,466 


105,861 


1,615,727 


1921 


72Z 


771 135,634 134.795 
230 


1 ,022,246 


270,279 


2,737,438 



THE PROGRESS CAMPAIGN AND THE FUTURE 27,1 



Per cent gain 














1901-11 5.3 


47 


S-5 


*(4.2) 


40.3 


14.4 


38.6 


1911-21 6.4 


2.8 


15.6 


13.6 


154- 


155-3 


69.4 



*Loss 

With the single exception of the number of ministers every item in 
the second decade shows a substantially better percentage than the first. 
In the matter of church membership this means that the Reformed Church 
in America was having her share in the spirit of progress unto victory 
which animated American Protestantism as the United States Religious 
Census Report for 1916 showed an increase in the membership of the 
Protestant churches from some 20,000,000 to 25,000,000 in the preceding 
ten years. 

As for the Bible School membership it is clear that the situation of the 
middle nineteenth century was greatly changed by the organized Sunday 
School movement, so that the closing years of that century registered a 
"high water mark" showing a Bible School enrolment considerably above 
the roll of communicants. For instance in 1893 the figures were: Communi- 
cants, 97,521; Bible School membership, 119,758. Thus in a half century 
the Bible School enrolment had grown from less than 55% to over 120% 
of the Church membership. 

The later years of the nineteenth century had shown some advance in 
the spirit of interdenominational co-operation, especially in the Presby- 
terian-Reformed group. The Alliance of Reformed Churches holding 
the Presbyterian system had been functioning since the meeting of its 
"General Council" in Edinburgh in 1877. At the suggestion of the Alliance 
a Conference of Officers and Members of Foreign Missionary Boards and 
Committees of the various Presbyterian Bodies in the United States and 
Canada was held in New York City, January 11, 1893, followed next day by 
a similar conference on wider lines, including representatives of nearly 
twenty denominations. . Just as Carey's famous sermon in 1792 is usually 
taken as a starting point for a study of the growth of organized mission- 
ary effort in the nineteenth century, this gathering one hundred and one 
years later marks in some sense a new departure in organized, practical 
interdenominationalism. The corresponding conference of Women's 
Boards of Foreign Missions, the Home Missions Council, the Council of 
Women for Home Missions, the Council of Church Boards of Education, 
have followed along similar lines of official co-operative efTort. As evi- 
dence of the change of attitude revealed by these gatherings, reference may 
be made to the fact mentioned in the preceding chapter that Baptists and 
Methodists declined to co-operate in a conference on home missionary 
overlapping which was held by the Reformed, Presbyterian, and Con- 
gregational churches in 1892. Of course the Sunday School organizations 
had been long working on inter-denominational lines, as had the more 
recent Christian Endeavor organizations ; and the Federal Council of 
Churches of Christ in America was organized in 1905. There was, how- 



2.2,2 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

ever, a distinctive note in the organization of the group that functioned 
through the executive staffs organized for the benevolent and missionary 
activities of the several denominations. In these various interdenomina- 
tional councils and conferences it w^as noteworthy that the representatives 
of the Reformed Church in America filled a place of prominence and ex- 
ercised an influence far beyond the mere proportion of our numbers. 

This rapid and significant development of organizations for practical 
inter-denominational co-operation had its influence upon the methods of 
our ow^n denomination, as of others. Some of the secretaries of our Boards 
in New York, in the consideration of plans for the general promotion of 
their work, in the ecclesiastical year 1917-1918, were led to the conviction 
that it was time for an advance step. Perhaps unconsciously, but surely, 
they were led to desire some form of intra-denominational co-operation 
that might do for the whole work of the denomination what was being 
done in the inter-denominational field by the agencies named above. To 
that end a Memorial was sent to General Synod in 1918 over the signatures 
of secretaries of six of the Boards, including the following: 

"It is our conviction that progress for the Church will be most certain 
and most effective if made simultaneously along all lines of our Christian 
activity, and that it should first make itself evident in the individual 
churches by the deepening of their service in the communities in which they 
are placed ; and by their larger co-operation in the work of the Kingdom 
as represented by the missionary and benevolent service of the Church at 
large." 

General Synod gave its hearty approval and requested the Boards con- 
cerned to organize a Joint Committee for five years to prosecute this plan. 
Each Board and Agency prepared its own program and stated its own 
objectives for the five years, and these objectives were made the basis of 
the combined budget which was placed before the Church as a goal. At the 
same time a program of objectives for the local church was set forth as 
"Ten Points of Progress." 

Meanwhile other denominations were moving along similar lines. The 
great patriotic "drives" for the sale of the several issues of Liberty bonds 
for the support of the Red Cross, the Young Men's Christian Association, 
and other agencies were revealing new possibilities in simultaneous cam- 
paigns, and the war experiences of the nation were stirring the hearts of 
men to their very depths. Such was the situation — an atmosphere of high 
emotion, a sense of great changes going forward all around, "Old things 
passing away," a background of fruitful experience in many forms of 
interdenominational co-operation, a simultaneous development in many 
denominations of new plans for intradenominational co-operation. It was 
natural that a plan should be devised for linking in one great co-operative 
movement all the denominational co-operative and advance movements. 
Out of this situation sprang the Interchurch World Movement. Surveys 
were planned on a scale undreamed of before ; advertising campaigns were 
launched ; administrative staffs were organized covering all the ramifica- 
tions of the proposed co-operative efforts of American Protestantism. The 



THE PROGRESS CAMPAIGN AND THE FUTURE 233 

Church at large was thrilled and stirred, but the machinery proved too 
cumbersome and expensive to maintain. The huge organization was pres- 
ently dissolved. The spirit and aims of the Interchurch Alovement, how- 
ever, did not pass away with the scrapping of the machinery. The Ameri- 
can churches were distinctly stronger to do and dare by reason of the 
achievements and challenges of the Interchurch days. 

The denominational movements, antedating the combination, survived 
its collapse and went forward in the light of the experience gained. In 
particular the failure of the Interchurch Movement to find any considerable 
sources of benevolence outside of the denominations emphasized the les- 
son that the work of American Protestantism must go forward along lines 
of denominational organization and responsibility. 

Thus the Reformed Church in America stood face to face with the 
large tasks which in the Providence of God had come to her hands. The 
doors of opportunity were wide open everywhere. Her mission fields 
dotting the Asiatic coast line and reaching from ocean to ocean in the 
western world were all calling for a lengthening of the cords and a 
strengthening of the stakes. It was evident that the demands of the hour, 
while involving the deep things of the spirit, could find at least a partial 
interpretation in terms of men and money needed for the work in hand; 
hence the budget, which, in turn, could be interpreted to classes and the 
individual churches in terms of "quotas" or goals for local effort. 

At the same time the demand for recruits led to a new recognition of the 
essential part our educational institutions were playing in turning the 
thoughts of young men and women to the Church's posts of service. The 
effort was to gather up into one the whole duty of the Church, to interpret 
that duty to the whole constituency far and near, and to seek with new 
earnestness of purpose the spiritual uplift and inspiration without which 
the best formed plans must prove futile. 

The figures given at the beginning of this chapter show that the Church 
has been responding to the summons of the Holy Spirit. The full result 
of the five years cannot be known until the period is ended, but it is already 
clear that the effort was needed and that the results have been gratifying. 

As we take a sweeping glance over the score of years behind, it is 
evident that the integration of the last few years follows a period of ex- 
pansion. We are trying now to strengthen our stakes because we have been 
lengthening the cords. In the foreign field the 2;^ stations of 1900 have 
increased to 29 ; outstations and preaching places, from 230 to 371 ; the 
missionary force, from 35 men and 57 women, to 59 men and 96 women ; 
churches, from 39 to 72 ; communicants, from 4,597 to 8,040 ; scholars in 
day schools, from 5,715 to 14,618. Patients treated have increased from 
26,622 in 6 hospitals and dispensaries to 146,793 in 20 hospitals and dis- 
pensaries. 

In Domestic Missions the work among the Indians, begun by the Wo- 
men's Executive Committee in 1894 and that in Jackson County, Kentucky, 
begun in 1899, have grown to the dimensions of a budget of more than 
$50,000 a year each. In 1907 missionary work was begun among the 



234 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Japanese in and near New York. The Classis of the Cascades was organ- 
ized in 1912, the Particular Synod of Iowa, in 1919. Early in the century 
mission work was begun among the colored people in South Carolina, and 
in 1919 the Southern Normal and Industrial Institute at Brewton, Alabama, 
came under the care of our Board of Domestic Missions. Work among 
Italians and Hungarians was begun in 1908 and 1909. 

In Education, Central College at Pella, Iowa, was transferred to the 
Reformed Church in 1916 — in the very year of the sesqui-centennial at 
Rutgers and the semi-centennial celebration at Hope College. 

The interest of the Reformed Church in religious education led to the 
reorganization of the Board of Publication in 1914 by the addition to its 
name of the words "and Bible School Work" with corresponding increase 
of functions. 

With the plans for an adequate Pension Fund, the establishment of dis- 
trict offices in Holland, Michigan, and the growth of the western Church 
reaching to the Pacific Coast, the Reformed Church in America is closing 
her third century with a grasp upon both oceans and the Gulf of Mexico 
and a strategic position in the great strongholds of the Asiatic religions. 
She faces her world-wide task with a determination inherited from the 
dyke builders and a faith that is born from above. 



PART SECOND 



THE MINISTRY. 

Abeel, David (nephew of J. N. Abeel), b. at New Brunswick, June 12, 1804, 
N.B.S. 26, I. CI. N.B.; ordained as an evangelist, Oct. 26; Athens, 
N. Y., 26-8, Miss, at St. Thomas, West Indies, 28-29, suppHed Orchard 
St., N. Y. C, chaplain of Seamen's Friends' Soc. 29-30, Miss, of 
A.B.C.F.M. in Java, 30-31, Siam, 31-33, visited France, Holland, Ger- 
many, Prussia, and Switzerland, in the interests of Missions, 33-34, 
visited America, 34-36, West Indies, 36-37, America, 37-38, Macao, 
39-41, Siam, 41, Borneo, 41-42, Kolongsoo (near Amoy), 42-44, 
Amoy, 44-45, died at Albany, Sept. 4, 1846. 
He sought entrance, at the age of 15, into the military academy at West 
Point, but too many applicants had preceded him. He then studied medi- 
cine, but, as the light of grace beamed upon his mind, he benevolently 
turned his thoughts to the duty of seeking to save the perishing. His 
spiritual exercises were very powerful, and are preserved partially in a 
diary. He entered on his ministerial duties with a deep sense of his re- 
sponsibility. He struggled in prayer and hoped for great things, and was 
not disappointed. A general revival in his first charge gladdened his heart. 
Failing health, however, soon compelled him to give up his duties and sail 
to the West Indies. But, for a long time, he had reflected on the wants of 
the heathen world. It then, also, required far more courage than now to 
embark in a missionary undertaking. He collected intelligence and prayer- 
fully pondered the subject. At length the way opened, and he sailed as 
chaplain of the Seamen's Friends' Society; and, after reaching China, was 
transferred to the American Board. He traveled in various parts of the 
East Indies, surveying the field, acquiring some knowledge of the dialects, 
and assisting the missionaries whom he found there. His instructions were 
to ascertain the true condition of afi^airs in Eastern Asia, and to report to 
the American Board. Hence the itinerant character of the record of his 
labors. And when his ill-health compelled him to visit Europe and America 
he excited much interest, wherever he went, by the reports which he made 
His second visit and residence in China was during the opium war, to 
which he made many allusions. 

Mr. Abeel was not a man of remarkable power of intellect, or of peculiar 
genius ; yet his mental formation was characterized by solidity and 
strength. He was a clear and close thinker, and could express himself 
with discrimination and force. He sought to improve his talents to their 
utmost, that he might use them to the glory of God. He was an inde- 
fatigable student, although his feeble health often seriously interfered 
with his studies. While a master of his mother tongue, he was also crit- 
ically acquainted with several diff^erent languages. On account of an 
exquisitely musical ear he was endowed with great natural capabilities 
for the acquisition of the Chinese. He was also acquainted with the 
Siamese and Malay languages. It is believed that he exerted more spiritual 
good in his private intercourse with men, and by the power of his holy 



236 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



life, than as a preacher. All felt that it was a privilege to entertain him,, 
for he left a blessing behind him. He was the founder of the Amoy Mis- 
sion.— D.D. by R.C., 1828. 

See "Dr. I. N. Wyckofif's Sermon at his funeral," "Dr. T. E. Vermilye's 
Sketch of Abeel," "Williamson's Memoir," and articles in "Spi ague's 
Annals of the Dutch Pulpit," by Dr. I. N. Wyckofif and Dr. G. Abeel. His 
"Journal," sermons, papers, etc., are in Sage Library, at New Brunswick. 
See also "Am. Miss. Memorial," p. 338; "Anderson's Hist, of Am. Bd. 
Com. F. M.," and "McClintock's Cyc." (Presbyt. Rev. January, 1881.) 

Publications: "To the Bachelors of India, by a Bachelor," 8vo, pp. 35. 
"About 1833 — Residence in China," i2mo, pp. 398; 1834. This was trans- 
lated into German under the title "Reise des Nord-Amerikanischen Mis- 
sionars, David Abeel in den ■Landen Hinterindiens," 1830-33. "Basel," 
1836. "Alap," 8vo. ("Baseler Missions Mag.," 1836, art. iv) — "The Mis- 
sionary Fortified Against Trials," 1834. "Happy Influence of For. Miss. 
on the Church," 8vo, pp. 16. (In "Nat. Preacher," Nov., 1838) — "The 
Missionary Convention at Jerusalem, or The Claims of the World to the 
Gospel," i2mo, pp. 244 ; 1838. Many articles in the "Chinese Repository."^ 
Many tracts in the Chinese Lang. (One of these is "Discourse on the 
Unity of God" — "Journal." For extracts see his "Memoir," by William- 
son. "A Sermon on Heaven." See "M,emoir," p. 299. 
Abeel, Gustavus (s. of J. N. Abeel), b. in N. Y. C, June 6, 1801, 13. C. 23r 
N.B.S. 24, 1. CI. N.B. ; English Neighborhood, 24-8 (also Miss, at 
Hoboken), Belleville, 28-34, Geneva, 35-49, Newark, 2d, 45-64, re- 
signed, w. c. S.T.D. by*C. C, 1842. Elected a trustee R. C, 1845. Died 
Sept. 4, 1887. 
For sketch and publication see Manual 1902 
Abeel, John N., b. at New York, 1769, C.N.J. 1787, stud, theol. with Liv- 
ingston and Witherspoon, 1. CI. N.Y. 1793; tutor in C.N.J. 1791-3;. 
(Philadelphia, Arch st. Presb., 1794-5) New York, 1795-1812, d. Jan. 
19. Elected a trustee of Columbia Coll. 1799, and a trustee of Queen's 
Coll. 1808. D.D. by Harvard, 1804. 
See "Gunn's Commem. Ser., Drs. Milledoler's and Miller's Sketches in 
Sprague's Annals," "Mag. R. D. C," iv, 289. "Evang. Guardian and Rev.," 
May, 1817. "Gunn's Livingston," 2d ed., 1856, p. 387. "McClintock's and 
Strong's Cyc." "Collegiate Ch. Yr. Bk.," 1890, 81, also Manual 1902 

Publications: "Anniversary Disc. Before N. Y. Miss. Soc, 1801," 8vov 
pp. 67. "An Old Disciple," "Mag. R. D. C," ii. 129. "The Ma.iy* Man- 
sions — A Ser. to Communicants," 8vo, pp. 42 (also pub. in "Mag. R. D. C," 
iv, 229. "Gen. Synod's Address to the Churches," 1807, vol. i, 368-378. 
This is an elaborate address and very important in reference to the history 
of the church in general and the seminary in particular. 
A.bell, James. Chittenango, 1838-55, Waterloo, 56-7, Emeritus, d. 1867. 
A.chtermann. Herman, b. Cincinnati, O., June 6, 1869. Mission House 
College, Mission House Sem. 1897, 1. by CI. Cincinnati Ref. Ch., U. 
S.,. 1897. (Ref. Ch., U.S.; New Plymouth, Wis., 1897-9, Olney, 111., 
1899-1903; Bufifalo, N. Y., 1903-1909; Klemme, la., 1909-11; Alpena, 
S. D., 1911-15), Chancellor, S. D., 1915-21. Monroe, la., 1921 — . S.C. 
CI. Dakota, Ref. Ch. U.S. 
Ackerly, E R. S. S. New Hackensack, N. Y., 1912-14. 
Ackerman, Edward G., b. Saddle River, N. J., Feb. 3, 1837; R.C. 66, N.B.S. 
69, 1. CI. Paramus ; Mamakating, 70-4, Currytown and Spraker's Basin, 
74-8, S. S., Currytown, 78-9, Schagticoke, 79-85, Woodstock, 86-90, 
Greenport, 90-4, Clover Hill, 97-9, d. Dec. i. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 
1900, 888; "Biog. Notices of Grads, R.C," 1900, 25. 
Ackerson, John H. N.B.S. 1829, 1. CI. N.B. ; Columbia, 41-2, Schaghticoke, 

42-4, susp, 47, dep. 1848. 
Ackert, Winfred Rugan. b. Red Hook, N. Y., Nov. 30. 1870; R.C. 92, 
N.B.S. 95, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie ; West Hoboken Chapel of Grove Refd, 



THE MINISTRY 237 

Ch., New Durham, N. J., 1895-1900, Vermilye Chapel, N. Y. C, 1901. 

Assisted with other chapels. 
Publications: Occasioral contributions to the press. 
Adam, John Douglass, b. Falkirk, Scotland, 1866; Edinburgh University 

-.nd Divinity School, 86-90, lie. by Congregationalists, 90; (Cong. ch. 

at Rupert, Vt., 90-1, Manchester, Vt., 91-3), Brooklyn Heights, 1893- 

iQcS. Became Presbyterian. 
Ac'ams, R. L., S. S. Raritan, 111., 1876-7. 
Adams, Thomas, b. Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 2, 1887; L.F.C. '09-12, N. Y. 

Un.v. '17, N.B.S., 1917; 1. by S. C. L. I. 1917; Harrington Park, N. J., 

1917 

Adams, Wm. Ten Eyck, b. Astoria, N. Y., June 30, 1863; N.Y.U. 88, 

N.B.S. 91, 1. S. CI. L.I. ; Edgewood, Brooklyn, 1891-1906, Hoboken, N. 

J., 1st, 1906-10, Winfield, L. I., 191 1 

Acldy, John Gilmore, b. N.Y.C., Feb. 6, 1872; P.S. 97, 1. Presb. Biooklyn: 

(Huntsburg, N. J., 98-1900). Bethany Chapel, Brooklyn, 1900-1902, 

Hoboken ist, 1902-3, Woodlawn, 1906 

Aci'lt=i, Eerko, b. in Germany, Feb. 2, 1864; H.C. 98, W.S. 1900, 1. CI. 

Holland. Bethany Ch., Clara City, Minn., 1900-1903, and S.S. Clara 

City, Minn., 1900-1903, CI. Miss., Pleasant Prairie, 1904-1910, Salem, 

Little Rock, la., 1910 

A'bert, Pierre, b. Lausanne, Switz., 1767, N. Y. C, French ch., 1797-1804. 
Albrrtis (or Burtis), John, b. 179—, C.C. 1812, N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 

1817. 
Alf, Alfred. From Swedish Evangelical Mission, Gotebo, Okl., 1910-11. 
Allen, Abram W., b. 1814, Highlands, 1874-84, died Dec. 12. 
Allen, Arthur, H. Received from Pres. Brighton Heights, 1902-07. Pres. 

1911 

Allen, Chs. Jeremiah, b. Carlisle, Pa., Dec. 6, 1865; Laf.C. 89, U.T.S. 92; 

ord. by ch. of Passaic, June 14, 92; Pompton Plains, N. J., 92-6, 

Greenville, Jersey City, 96-1900. Congregatior;al, Bethany, Brooklyn 

1901 ). 

Allen, Fred E., b. New Haven, Ct., Ap. 21,. 1850; R.C. -jz^ N.B.S. 76, 

P. G. U.S. 77-8, 1. CI. Newark; (Middle Island, L. L, 78-92; Gris- 

wold, Ct., 1892-1906. S.S. South Haven — (Brookhaven, L.I. 1908). 
Allen. Henry Bacon, b. New York, Mar. 16, 1868; U.S.; N.B.S. 1898; 

1. CI. Saratoga ; Easton, N. Y., June-Oct., 98, Annandale, 98- 

1901. Delmar, Bethlehem, 2d, N. Y., 1901-1910. English Neighbor- 
hood, 1910-18. Chaplain U.S.A. 1918. Grove Church, New Durham, 

Clifton Chapel 1919. 
Publication : "Carry On," American Legion Monthlv, Post 46, Union 
Hill, N. J. 
Allen, John Knox (s. of P. Allen), b. at West New Hempstead, N. Y., 

Oct. 20, 1844; R. C. 65, N.B.S. 68, 1. CI. N.B.; Hoboken, 1868-70, 

Tarrytown, ist, 1870-1920 — P.Em. 1920 . D.D. by R.C. 1892. 

Publications: "The Permanence of the Church": Sermon at 200th 
anniv. of ist ch. Tarrytown, 1897. 

Legendary History of the Old Dutch Ch. of Sleepy Hollow. Account 
of the Action at Tarrytown, July 15, 1781. 
Allen. John Mitchell, b. Centreville. Va., Dec. 26, 1861. R.C. 85. N.B.S. 

88, 1. CI. Raritan ; Upper and Lower Walpack, 88-1892, d. May 24. 

See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1893, 886; "Biog. Notices of Grade. R.C," 

1892, 43- 
Allen, John Stevenson, b. Balm, Pa., Oct. 20, 1857; Westm. Coll. 82, 

U.T.S. 85, 1. by Presb. of N. Y. ; ord. Presb. West Chester, May 13, 

86; (Presbyt. West Chester, N. Y., 1886-9; Patterson, N. Y., 1889- 

91), Newark, N. J. (N. Y. av.), 1891-1906 Ass. Marble Col. N.Y.C., 

1906-13. Crescent Place, Yonkers (S.S.), 1913 — . D.D., Grove City, 

Col., 1906. 



238 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Allen, Peter, b. in Columbia Co., N. Y., 1808; N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. Pough- 
keepsie, 1837 ; West New Hempstead and Ramapo, 1837-53, West New 
Hempstead, 1853-62. d. See Sketch in "Manual," 1879. 
Allen, Peter A., 1888-90. 

Alliger, John B., b. 1816, R.C. 35, N.B.S. 40, 1. CI. Ulster; Clove, N. Y., 
40-3, Shawangunk, 43-50, Jamaica, 51-70, w. c. Died June 18, 1885. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Althuis, Jacob Jonathan, b. Neth., March 8, 1888. H.C. 14, W.S. 17 

1. by CI. Holland 17. Lafayette, Ind., 1917 

Ambler, James B., b. in England, 1797; 1. 1816 (Bradford, Eng., 1816-8) ; 
c. to America, 1818 (Presbyt. 1818-33) in Ref. Ch. 1833-48, d. 
His ministry was extended through the northern and central portions of 
New York till about 1833, when he connected himself with the Reformed 
Church. He commanded the utmost esteem for the sincerity of his piety 
and his untiring zeal. 

Amerman, Albert, b. in N. Y. C, 1793 ; C.C. 1812, Assoc. Ref. Sem. 1816, 1. 
CI. N.Y. 1816; Johnstown and Mayfield, 1817-20, susp. restored, Johns- 
town and Mayfield, 1820-1, "Johnstown and Mayfield, indep.," 1821-43, 
"Hackensack and Paterson, indep.," 1843-55, "Hackensack, indep.," 
1855-71, when pastor and people joined the Presbyt. Ch. Emeritius, 
1877. Died Sept. 4, 1881. See Manual, 1902. 
Publications : "Independency," "The Church of Christ Independent of 
the Synod of Dordrecht, and all other Synods; or. Scriptural Principles in 
Relation to the Order ^id Government of the Church." l2mo, pp. 188. 
Albany : 1823. 

Amerman, James Lansing, b. at Farmingdale, L. I., Aug. 13, 1843; N.Y.U. 
62, N.B.S. 68, lie. CI. N. Y. ; Richboro', Pa., 68-71 ; Bergen (Jersey 
City), 71-76; Missionary to Japan, 76-93; Prof, of Theology at Tokio, 
77-93, returned to America ; Financial Sec. of Bd. of Foreign Mis- 
sions, and Assistant Treasurer R.C.A., 1893-1915. Cobleskill and 
Howe's Cave, 1915-20. w. c. D.D., R.C, 1885. 
Publications : "Memorial Sermon for Acton Cyril Price, Jersey City, 
N. J.," 1875. "Sketch of Japan Mission, R.C.A.," 1880. "Shinyaku 
Seisho Shingaku." "The Theology of the New Testament on the basis of 
Van Oosterzee," 1881. Third edition 1896. "The Gospel of Mark in 
Japanese. Colloquial," 1881. There have been several editions. "Soshiki 
Shingaku Chogen." "An Introduction to Systematic Theology." A tract, 

1884. "Yushinron," "The Argument for the Being of God," 1884. Third 
edition 1890. "Shinseiron," "The Attributes of God and the Trinity," 

1885. Second edition 1892. "Kami no Teshi," "The Decrees of God," 
1885. "Tenchisozoron," "The Creation of the Universe," 1885. "Kyok- 
wai Seiji," "Church Government," "After Dr. S. M. Woodbridge," 1885. 
Second edition 1888. "Jinseiron," "Anthropology," 1887. "Kyujogaku," 
"Soteriology," 1888. All of these Japanese works were prepared in col- 
laboration with Rev. K. Ibuka, M.A., and were printed either in Tokyo or 
Yokohoma. 

Many letters and articles for periodicals, both English and Japanese. 

Amerman Thos. A. A.C. 1827 N.B.S. 30, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie ; Beekman, 
N.Y. (S.S.) 30-1, Coeymans, 32 (Presb. 32-5), Shokan, 35-8; James- 
ville, 38-40. 

Ames, John W. Studied under Livingston (?) Miss, on Delaware, 18x4. 

Anderson, Asher, b. at Flatlands, L.I., July 23, 1846; R.C. 70, N.B.S. '^Z^ 
1. CI. N.B.; Hiram, Me., 72; Flatbush, N. Y., 73-75; Fishkill, 75-80, 
Passaic, North Ch., 80-5. (Briston, Conn., 86-90, Meriden, Conn., 1890- 
1901 ; Fitchburg, Mass., 1914-1917, Dorchester, Mass., 1917-19, Fram- 
ingham, Mass., 1920-21). 
Member Bd. Education, Passaic, 1882-5, of Meriden. 1892-8. Chaplain 

2d Reg. C. N. G., 1897-1900. Corporate Member A.B.C.F.M. Moderator 

Com. General Association, 1899. Delegate to National Council, 1895-189S- 



THE MINISTRY 239 

Registrar Com. Central Conf., 1892-1901. Sec. of Trustees, National Coun- 
cil, 1900-02. Sec. Provisional Com., 1900-01. Sec. National Council, 1901- 
13. Sec. Board of Ministerial Relief, 1900-02. Editor Cong. Year Book, 
1901-14. Editor Minutes of National Council, 1906-08. Sec. (Asst.) Inter- 
national Council, Edinburgh, 1908. Pres. Derring Memorial Corporations, 
1911-14. Sec. (Asst.) Federal Council, 1906-08. Rec. Sec. Am. Miss. 
Association, 1901 — .) 

Publications: "A Mind to Work," 1883. "Biblical Theology," 1884. 
"Steps for Beginners," 1898. "National Council Digest," 1905. "Congre- 
gational Faith and Practice," 1906. "Congregational Year Book," 14 
issues. "Minutes of National Council," 5 issues. 

Anderson, Charles, b. Schenectady, 1812; U.C. 1840, Aub. Sem. 43 (Sen- 
nett, N. Y., 42-64, Union Springs, 64-8, Savannah, 68-70, Sennett, 70-7, 
Castile, 77-8) ; Owasco Outlet, 79-1883 (Presbyt.). Died Jan. 4, 1900. 
See "Aub. Sem. Cat." 
Anderson, Chas. T., b. in Wayne Co., Pa., Sept. 26, 1849; C.N.J. 69, P.S. 
Ti, lie. by Presbyt. of Elizabeth, April 18, 72; ord. by Presbyt. Phila- 
delphia, North, May, Tz (Port Kennedy, Pa. (Presbyt.), 73-4), Pea- 
pack, 74-82. (Hackensack, Presbyt. 82-86). (Pres. Rockaway, 86-96). 
Bound Brook, 1896-1906. Greenwood Heights, Brooklyn, 1906-14. 
Publications: "All things pertaining to Life;" an illustration of 2 
Pet, i, 5-7. 1879. 

Anderson, Wm., b. Sept. 4, 1814; N.B.S. 49, 1. CI. N.Y. ; Peapack, 49-56, 
Fairview, 56-9, Newtown, 59-66, Greenbush, 66-76, St. Thomas, W. I., 
a few months, 75-6, Fordham, 76-87, d. Ap. 2.^- See Manual, 1902. 
Anderson, Wm. Frederic (son of Wm. Anderson), b. at Peapack, N. J., 
Jan. 17, 1855; R.C. 75, P.S. 79 (Chatham, 1879-81); Fordham, 81-93. 
Died July 24, 1893. See Manual, 1902. 
Anderson, Wm. H., b. Feb. 2},, 1840. R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1865, 1. S. CI. 
L.I. 1865 ; Cortlandtown, 1865-6. License withdrawn 1866. Physician, 
d. Oct. 28, 1887. 
Andres, Gottlieb, b. Olbcrsleben, Saxony, Jan. 3, 1851 ; Northwest Coll., 
111., 76, Eden Sem., Missouri, 79; ord. by Evang. Luth. Ch. 79 (Nameoki, 

III., 79-83) ; Jersey City, St. John's Ger. Evang. 1883 

Publications: "St. Johannes Bote," last 30 years. 
Andreae, M. C. T. (son of Rev. G. Andreae), b. Jersey City, Sept. 8, 1887 
R.C, 1909, N.B.S. 1912; 1. by S. CI. of Bergen, 1912, Glen Rock, N 
J.. 1912-15, Jersey City, St. John's. 1915-18; Philmont, N. Y., 1918 — 
Andrew, Lewis Curry, b. Howeland, Md., Jan. 24, 1852; St. John's Coll. 
Annapolis; ord. by Meth. Epis. Conf. Wilmington, Del.; N.B.S. 90 
West Farms, N.Y.C., 88-95, w. c. 
Andrus, Jonathan Cowles, b. Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Jan. 10, 1855, C.U. 76, 

N.B.S. 82. Serving Presbyterian and Congregational Churches. 
Antonides, Vincentius, b. 1670, Bergen in Vriesland, Llolland, 169.-1705, c. 
to America 1705; Bushwick, Flatbush, Flatlands, Brooklyn, New 
Utrecht, Gravesend. 1705-44, also Jamaica, 1705-41, d. 1744, July 18. 
Upon his arrival he found his field occupied by Freeman under license 
from Cornhury, who fomented the troubles in the Dutch churches of Long 
Island. He was treated with great discourtesy by Cornbury, yet he boldly 
performed his duties at the risk of imprisonment by the governor. 
After yielding many points to Freeman for the sake of peace, the troubles 
partially ceased. The Classis of Amsterdam sustained Antonides and 
condemned Freeman through all the troubles. At his death a paper of the 
day says: "He was a gentleman of extensive learning, of an easy, con- 
descending behavior and conversation and of a regular, exemplary piety, 
endeavoring to practice himself what he preached to others; was kind, 
benevolent and charitable to all, according to his ability; meek, humble, 
patriotic and resigned under all his afflictions, losses, calamities and mis- 



240 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

fortunes, which befell him in his own person and family." — See also "Doc. 
His. N. Y." iii. 89-115, qt. ed. IV., 123; "Sutphen's Hist. Disc"; Ecc. 
Rec. ; many letters 1704-44. 
Appel, John B. Pres. Kiskatom, 1902-04. Gardiner, 1904-06. Port Jer- 

vis, 2d, 1906-09. Knox and 2d Berne (S.S.), 1909-10. 
Appledoorn, Leonard, b. Kalamazoo, Mich., Dec. 5, 1879, Kalamazoo Col. 
1907, N.B.S. 1910, 1. by CI. Mich. Mellenville, 1911-18, Port Ewen, 

1918 . 

Arcularius, And. M., b. N.Y.C., Dec. 2, 1835, R-C. 1863, N.B.S. 66, 1. 
CI. N.B. ; North-Esopus, 1866-81, Roxbury, 81-3, New Baltimore, 
83-97. Supplying 97-99. St. Thomas, W. I., 99-1901. Greenwood 
Heights, Brooklyn (S.S.), 1902-04. Clinton Ave., Newark, Ass. 
1905-10, d. 191 1, March 7. 
A quiet, humble, useful, brave man. See Min. Gen. Syn., 191 1, 250. 
Armbruster, Christian, b. Germany. (Rochester Univ., Rochester Sem- 
inary, 1898. Ord. Baptist Bd., Denver, Col., Western Missionary, 

1909-15), Miles Square, Yonkers, (S.S.) 1915 

Arnolt, Wm. Muss., b. Germany, May 7, i860. N.B.S. 1882, 1. CI. N.Y. ; 
Johns Hopkins University, 83; dismissed to Presbytery of Baltimore, 
1883. Never ordained. See Biog. Record N.B.S., CI. '82. 
Arondeus, Johannes, ord. by CI. Amsterdam, Sept. 9, 1741 ; c. from Hol- 
land, 1742; Bushwick, Flatlands, Brooklyn, New Utrecht and Graves- 
end, 1742-50 ; Raritan, Readington, Harlingen, Six Mile Run and 
Three Mile Run,, 1747-54 ; returned to Holland. 
He was from Overschic, Holland. The Classis was seeking a man for 
the churches of Kings Co., L.I., when he reported himself as "Commenda- 
tus" for foreign churches. The Classis highly praised him in a letter to 
Long Island and wished for him and his wife a safe voyage. He went by 
way of England because of the dangers caused by the war, but was speed- 
ily captured by Spanish pirates and robbed of everything he had, even his 
call, and in January, 1742, he found himself again put down on the coast of 
Holland. The pirates had carried him to St. Sebastian. He now asked 
to be released from his call to Long Island on acount of the feebleness 
of his wife, but the Classis delayed granting his request. In the mean- 
time the churches of Long Island sent over a new call for him, offered to 
pay his back salary and made him a present of $250, so anxious were they 
for a minister, especially as Freeman had recently died. He started again 
June 20, 1742. and reached his destination safely. For several years mat- 
ters proceeded fairly well, when in 1747 he became a violent enemy of 
the Coetus. He now irregularly went to the churches on the Raritan and 
had himself installed pastor of the churches in Somerset Co., by Fryen- 
moet, and ministered to the enemies of Frelinghuysen. The Harlingen 
records were taken possession of by his party and his ecclesiastical acts 
recorded in them, for all the surrounding churches. He ordained new 
consistories for Three Mile Run, Six Mile Run, Harlingen, Readington 
and Raritan and his baptisms of the children of the disaffected in this 
region are recorded for seven years from 1747. The Harlingen consistory 
started new records (both books are still preserved) in 1749 and left the 
site of the old church, selecting a new site for a new building. In 1748 
he went back to his field on Long Island and resumed services there. In 
1750, because of irregularities in general and trouble with his colleague. 
Van Sinderin, the Coetus suspended him, to which, however, he paid no 
attention. In 1752 he was deposed, but continued to preach for a year 
or two, especially in New Jersey. In 1772 he again sought recognition 
of the Classis of Amsterdam, but the Classis looked up his record and 
summarily rejected him. See "Millstone Centennial" and "New Bruns- 
wick Hist. Discourse," by Steele. M,ints. Ch. N.Y., Eng. Trans. Lib. 
B. 167, Frelinghuysen's Sers. 341 ; for another description of him. Ecc. 
Rec, many letters, 1742-54, 1772. 



THE MINISTRY 24I 

Arthur, James O. Ordained a miss, by CI. of N.Y., 1916; Wiiite Tail 
Canyon, N.M., 1918-20. 

Ashley, A. W., S.S., New Concord, 1876-8. 

Ashley, B. F., Athens, ist 1891-2; Presbyt. 

Atwater, Elnathan R., b. Canajoharie, N. Y., Dec. 15, 1816; U.C. 34, lie. 

Presbyt. Albany, 48 (Tribes Hill, 48-51, mission work in Brooklyn, 

51-3); entered R.D.C. 53; Assoc. Editor, Christian Intelligencer, 

53-68, sole editor, 68-72 ; died 1899, Nov. 28. 

He studied law and was admitted to the bar and followed that profession 

for several years. Relinquishing the legal profession, he studied for the 

ministry. As a man he was noted for his manliness ; as a minister of the 

Gospel for the solidity of his utterances; as an editor he wielded skilfully 

the editorial pen. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1900, 889. 

Atwater, John Parsons, b. Brooklyn, Dec. 7, 1872 (son of E. R. Atwater), 
N. Y. U., 1895; student in N.B.S. Died Dec. 20, 1897. 

Augustine, R. Howard M., b. Wainfleet, Ontario, Canada. State Nor- 
mal School, Ypsilanti, Mich., Cleary College. Theol. Course under 
direction Detroit Presbytery. 1. by Detroit Presbytery, 1905. (Pres. 
S.S. Sandusky, 1905-07; Ass. Newark Park Pres., 1907-09; Hanover, 
N. J., 1909-17). Bayonne, ist, 1917-19; State Supervisor of Sur- 
veys in 111. for Interchurch World Movement, 1919; (Pres. ist, 
Joplin, Mo.; War Work in American Camps, 1918.) 
Publications : Pamphlets, articles for press. 

Aurand, Henry, b. 1805; D.C. 1830 (settlements in Ger. Refd. and Presbyt. 
chs. See Manual, 1879). Columbia, N. Y., 1860-3. Died 1876. 

Austin, John, a mistake for Justin, John. Min. Gen. Syn., 1908. 

Axtell, J. D. Candidate CI. of Newark, 1911-13. Not licensed or ordained. 

Ayler, Junius (African), b. Virginia, Oct. 2, i860. N.B.S. 1886. In Meth- 
odist Church. Attorney-at-Law. 

Ayers, Samuel Brittain, b. in Pa. 181 1 ; C.N.J. 34, P.S. 2>7 \ ord. CI. Orange, 
38; Minsunk, 38-41, Ellenville, 41-54, Vanderveer, 111. 54-67; Presbyt. 
Died Dec. 15, 1887. See "Manual," 1879, and "P. S. Gen. Cat." 

Baas, Wm. G., b. Zaandam, Ncths., June 28, 1850; H.C. 80, N.B.S. 83, 1. 

CI. N.B. Arcadia and Palmyra, 83-8, Palmyra, 88-91, Beaverdam, 

Mich.. 1891-1903; d. Dec. 12. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1904, 828. 

Publications: Articles in De Hope. Translation in Dutch of a volume 

of selections of Dr. Cuyler's works. 

Baay, Gerrib, b. in Neths., May 31, 1792; came to America, 1848; Alto, 

Wis., 48--0. 
Baay, Jac, b. Neth., May 30, 1827. Beloit Coll. 1857. N.B.S. i860; 1. CI. 

N.B., i860; Keokuk, 1860-65. Presbyt., 1866. d. Dec. 5, 1905. 
Babbitt, Amzi, b. Mendham, N.J., 1794; C.N.J. 1816, P.S. 1821 ; ord. by 
Presbyt. Newcastle April 3, 1821 (Pequea, Pa., 21-31, Presbyt.) ; Phila- 
delphia. 2d, 34-5 (Salisbury, Pa., Presbyt.). Died Nov. 14, 1845. 
Backerus, Johannes Cornelisz., of Barsinger, Hoorn. Ord. by CI. Amster- 
dam, Oct. 16, 1642; Curacoa, 1642-7, New Amsterdam, 1647-9. 
He was introduced to the Classis of Amsterdam Oct., 1640, by a letter of 
Rev. John Mcgapolensis, then minister at Koedyk, as one willing to go as 
a Comforter of the Sick to the East Indies; but as he had not a regular 
education, he was refused. In 1641 it was shown that he had exercised 
himself for two years at Koedyk in the "Postamena" of the Christian re- 
ligion. The Classis then allowed him to preach before them on Justifica- 
tion (Rom. 3:28), but they were not entirely satisfied. He preached again 
before them on John 3:16. The Classis said he had some good notions 
(rcymsclcn), but he must study still further. A few months later he again 
preached before Classis on Mat. 16:18, "Thou art Peter," etc., but he was 
again exhorted to study. He tried it again in October on i John 2:2>> 
and in November on Rom. 3:1, when the assembly was so well pleased 
that they resolved to examine him. 



242 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

On Dec. 2, 1641, Backerus was finally examined and ordination was 
promised him before the sailing of the next ships to Curacoa. But in 
July, 1642, nothing had yet been accomplished, as the directors of the 
company were dilatory in accepting him. They were deliberating whether 
*to abandon Curacoa or not. On account of this delay, the company 
presented Backerus with $100. On Oct. 16, 1642, the Classis finally or- 
dained him and he proceeded on his journey. His contract with the com- 
pany was for four years. Letters were subsequently received from him 
from that place relating to the state of the church there and asking 
instructions as to baptizing the children of the natives. Subsequently 
Peter Stuyvesant was made governor of Curacoa, and in 1647 was trans- 
ferred to New Netherland and Backerus accompanied him and took charge 
of the church at New Amsterdam with a salary of 1,400 guilders ($560). 
In May, 1649, Stuyvesant forbade Backerus to read papers, animadvert- 
ing on the government, from the pulpit until he had signed them. He 
sailed for Holland Aug. 15, 1649, and when there took sides with the com- 
plainants against Stuyvesant. 

On Sept. 4, 1651, he offered his services to the East India Company 
and was accepted. He soon after sailed to the East Indies and is lost 
to view in the golden haze of that enchanted region. See "Col. Docs., 
N. Y., i, 308, 317, 431, 496; xiv, 115; and Ecc. Rec. 

Baeder, F. N., b. Hanover, N. J., May 3, 1880. N.B.S. 1905, 1. by CI. 
Newark. Pottersville, 1905-07; Rosendale Plains, Tillson, 1907-10; 
Holmdel, 1910-14 ; . Peapack, 1915-20; d. Jan. 15. Religious work 
in camps during the war. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1920, 278. 
Bagley, Francis H., b. in Boston, Mass., Jan. 16, 1840; Ham. C. 70, U.S. 
73 ; ord. Presbyt. Buffalo, sine titulo, May 20, 1873 ; Greenburgh, 
1873-5, d. July 12, 1878. See "Alanual" of 1879 and "U.S. Cat." 
Bahler, Louis Henri (s. of P. B. Bahler). b. Amsterdam, Neths., Sept. 
18, 1839 ; R.C. 61, N.B.S. 67, 1. CI. Orange ; Coeymans, 67-9, teaching, 
69-84 (Preble, N.Y., 84-9, Maiden, 89-96), W. Hurley, N.Y., 96-7, 
Manheim, 98-1900. (Pres. Meadville, 1902-05; West Milton, 1905-10; 
d. Dec. 12, 1914. Min. Gen. Synod, 1915, 598. 
Bahler, Pierre Benjamin, b. at ZwoUe, Neths., May 25, 1807; studied in 
gymnasia, in Neths.; C. to America, 1865; Albany (Holl.), 65-6; Pater- 
son (Holl.), 66-8; Rochester (Holl.), 68-73, emeritus. Died Jan. 28, 
1882. 
Bahler, Pierre Guillaume Maximilien (s. of P. B. Bahler), b. at Mons, 
Belgium, Ap. 29, 1844; R.C. 1868, N.B.S. 71, lie. CI. N. B. 71 ; Pultney- 
ville, 71-84; Beaverdam, Mich., 85-89; Clymerhill, N. Y., 1889-1903. 
Ontario, 1903-08. S.C. CI. Rochester, 1908-20. 
Bailey, Amos J. Congregational; S.S. Williamsburgh, 1909; Congrega- 
tional. Went West. Dead. 
Bailey, E. D. (Brother of Amos J. Bailey). Congregational. S.S. Wil- 
liamsburgh, 1903-09; Congregational. Went West. Dead. 
Bailey, Henry S., b. Bremen, O., Mar. 16, 1862; Heidelberg Coll. 88, 
Heidelberg Sem. 90; lie. by G.R.C. (White Pigeon, Mich., 90-4, Three 
Rivers, Mich., 94-6), Centreville, Mich., 1896-1903. 
Bailey, John Webster, Northumberland, 1884-6. 

Bailey, Wm., b. Beckers Corners, N. Y., Feb. 19, 1819; R.C. 42, N.B.S. 45, 
1. CI. Albany ; Helderbergh, 45-7 ; Schodack, 47-56 ; Constantine, 
56-63 ; also Mottville, 56-63 ; also Porter, 59-63 ; Albany, 3d, 63-68 ; 
Whitehouse, 68-84. Died July 3, 1887. See Manual of 1902 
Baird, Charles Washington (son of Rev. Dr. Robt. Baird), b. at Princeton, 
N. J., Aug. 28, 1828; U.N.Y., 48; U.S., 52; 1. by Presbyt. New Bruns- 
wick; Chaplain of Am. Chapel, Rome, Italy, 52-4; Sec. Am. and For. 
Ch. Union, 54-5 ; R.D.C., Bergen Hill, Brooklyn, Mar. 6o-Ap. 1861 
(Presbyt. Ch. Rye, N.Y., 1861-87), d. Feb. 10. D.D. by U.N.Y., 1876. 
He was a Christian scholar whose historical studies will long sur- 



THE MINISTRY 243 

vive. As a minister he was a true bishop of souls. See Manual, 1902. 
Publications : "Eutaxia, or The Presbyt. Liturgies," 1855 i ^ revised 
edition was published in London by Rev. Thos. Binney, under the title "A 
Chapter on Liturgies," 1856. "A Book of Public Prayer," compiled from, 
the "Authorized Formularies of the Presbyt. Ch." as prepared by Calvin, 
Knox, Bucer. etc., 1857. "Chronicle of a Border Town: Hist, of Rye, 
N.Y.," 1660-1870; 1871. "Hist. Bedford, N.Y., Church," 1882. "Hist, of 
Huguenot Emigration to America," 2 vols., 1885 ; 2d ed. 1885. "Translation 
of Malan's Romanism," 1844. "Transl. of Discourses and Essays of Merle 
d'Aubigne," 1896. "Civil Status of Presbyterians in Province of N.Y.," in 
"Mag. of Am. Hist.," October, 1879. "Monograph on Rev. Pierre Daille." 
"A Moth Among the Records in London." 

His "Hist of the Huguenot Emigration" was translated into French by 
A. E. Myer and De Richemond, under the title "Histoire des Refugies 
Huguenots en Amerique," and published at Toulouse by the Societe des 
Livres Religieux, 1886, in one volume, 8vo, pp. 624. 
Baker, Fred. Philip, b. at Franeker, Neths., Feb. 25, 1852; H.C. 73, W.S. 

76, 1. CI (ord. by Presbyt. of Winnebago. "JT, Runal, Wis., 

76-83; Marshfield, Wis., 83-7; Wayne, Neb., 87-91); Constantine, 
Mich., 91-3 (Hot Springs, S. Dak., 93-7; Sheldon, 111., 97-9, Presbyt.) ; 
Irving Park, Chicago, 1899 — . Transferred with his church to the 
Presbytery of Chicago, 111., 1913. 
Baker, Wm. Schcrmerhorn, b. Jersey City, N. J., Nov. 18, 1858; LL.B., 
Columbia Coll., May 12, 80; Counselor, N.J., June 4, 85; N.B.S., 95; 
1. CI. Bergen; ord. by CI. Ulster, July 9, 95; Woodstock, N. Y., 95; mis- 
sionary work, 96-8; Assistant, Bloomingdale, N.Y.C., October, 98- 
March 99, w. c. 1902 — Became Episcopalian. 1908 — Member of the 
South Classis of Bergen. 1909 — Became Congregationalist. 
Bakker, Albert, b. Texel, Neth., Dec. 6, 1887. H.C. 1916; W.T.S. 1919; 1- 
by CI. Passaic, 1919; Betliany, Sully, la., 1919-21 ; Sanborn, la., 1921. 
Baldwin, Eli, b. at Hackensack, Nov. i, 1791*; University Col. of Med. 
1817, N.B.S. 20, ordained as a Miss, to Georgetown, D.C., 22-24, Miss, 
agent in N.J. and Pa.. 24-5, Houston St., N.Y.C., 25-39, d. Sept. 6, 
S.T.D. by C.C. See Manual, 1902. 
Baldwin, John Abeel, b. in N.Y.C. April 25, 1810; Y.C. 29, P.S. 34, lie. 
Presbyt. Newark. 34; Flatlands and New Lotts, 36-52 (Lancaster. Pa., 
Ger. Ref., 52-7) ; New Providence, N. J., Presbyt., 57-63 ; S.S. Wood- 
haven, 69-76, residing in Brooklyn, 63-86, d. Feb. 22. D.D. by 

Baldwin, John Crane, b. Jan. 26, 1802; N.B.S. 1832; lie. by CI. N.B. 1832. 
Lived in Alabama and Mississippi. Died at Knox Hill, Florida, June, 
1862. He was half-brother of Rev. Eli Baldwin, above. 
Baldwin, Trueman. S.S. Cicero, 1846-7. 
Ball, J. A. S.S. Gilboa, 1873-5. 

Ballagh, Jas. H.. b. Odel's Lake, N.Y., Sept. 7, 1832. R.C. '57, N.B.S. '60; 

1. by CI. Bergen. Missionary in Japan 1861-1920; d. Jan. 26. He 

organized the first Protestant Church in Japan, March 10. 1872, and 

was its pastor from that year until 1878. He also had charge of the 

evangelistic work of the North Japan Mission. At the time of his 

death he was the oldest missionary in the service of the Reformed 

Church. It is impossible to measure the lasting results of his long 

and faithful service. D.D. R.C, 1906. See Min. Gen. Syn.. 1920. 279. 

Puiii.icATioN.s : Trans, of "Westminster Catechism and Child's Shorter 

Catechism" into Japanese ; numerous hymns into Japanese ; numerous 

artiticlcs in "The Japan Gazette," in the "Christian Intelligencer," and other 

papers of the church; sermon at Missionary Convention at Osaka, 1883, at 

Tokyo, 1900; also sermons on Presidents Lincoln. Garfield, and McKinley. 

Ballagh. Wm. H. R.C. 60; N.B.S., 63, 1. CI. N.B. Union, 65-68; East 

Berne and Knox, 68-77; Union Evang. Ch., Corona, L.I., 78-80; As- 

bury Park, 80-6 ; Lodi, 86-8 Died Jan. 2, 1892. 



244 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1892, 653; and "Biog. Notices of Grads, R.C.," 

1892, 36. 

Ballard, Bruce, b. Roxbury, N.Y., Aug. 13, 1882. R.C. 1907; N.B.S. 1910; 
1. by CI. N.B. Jerusalem and Onesquethaw, 1910-13; Schenectady, 
Woodlawn, 1913-15; Montgomery, 1915 

Banninga, John J., b. Muskegon, Mich., Dec. 9, 1875; H.C. 98, W.S. 1901, 
1. CI. 111.; Missionary under A.B.C.F.M. in Madura District, India; 
dis. to Cong., 1908. 

Bantley, John. N.Y.C. Av. B. Ger. 1876. 

(Barclay, Henry, (Episc), 1708. Preached to the people of Albany and 
Schenectady in Dutch, 1708-12. Also Miss, to Indians. "Doc. Hist.," 
iii, 697. Anderson's Col. Ch., iii, 428-31). 

Barclay, . N.B.S. 1809-10. 

Barcolo ; lie. by Coetus, 1758. 

Barcolo, Geo., b. at New Utrecht, 1775; C.C. 1795, stud, theol. under Liv- 
ingston, 1. CI. N.Y., 1798; Hopewell and New Hackensack, 1805-10, d. 
1832, at Preakness, N.J. 

Barnes, Henry A. Florence, S.C. 1915-18. 

Barnes. Otis T., b. Philadelphia, Sept. 18, 1885; L.F.C. '09; U.T.S. '12, 
(Congregational, Chappaqua, N.Y., 1912-16) ; Bronxville, 1916-19; d. 
Feb. 20. Min. Gen. Syn., 1919, 922. 

Barnhill, Oliver Paul, b. March 24, 1878, LaGrange, Kentucky. Center 
Col., Danville, Ky., 1900. P.S. 1903; 1. by Pres. Louisville, Ky., 1902. 
(Ass. p. Memorial .Pres. Ch., Brooklyn, 1903-04; Stapleton, S.I., ist 

Pres. 1905-16). Assistant Marble Col., N.Y.C, 1916 . Pres. Presb. 

Min. Asso. of N.Y. and Vicinity, 1909. Operating on Hqts. Staff Mil- 
itary Intelligence, A.P.L., under Dept. of Justice during War. Citation 
for exceptional service, 1918. D.D. by Center C, 1919, and Alfred 
Univ., 1919. 

Barnum, Fred. Shepard, b. Bethel, Ct., Feb. 3, 1837; Wesleyan Univ., 
Middletown, Ct., 59; lie. and ord. by N.Y. Conference, Meth. Epis. 
Ch., 59 (Meth. Epis. Ch., Peekskill, 59-60; Brewsters, N.Y., 60-2; 
Great Barrington, Mass., 62-4 ; Pine Plains, N. Y., 64-7 ; Saugerties, 
N.Y. ,67-70; Shrub Oaks, N.Y. , 70-2; Yonkers, N.Y. , 72-4 ; Presbyt. ; 
Thompsonville, Ct., 74-88) ; Coxsackie 2d, 88-99, w. c. d. 191 1, March 
27. He was an able minister of Jesus Christ, both in the pastorate 
and during his years without charge. See Min. Gen. Syn., 191 1, 251. 

Barny, Fred. Jacob, b. Basle, Switz., Jan. i, 1873; R.C, 94, N.B.S., 97, 
1. CI. N.Y., May 31, 97; ord. by same, June 13, 97. Missionary to 
Arabia, 1897 . B.D., R.C, 1897; B.D., P.S., 1918. 

Barny, William F., b. Sulz, Germany, Nov. 15, 1862. Bd. Sem. '93; Naum- 
burgh and New Bremen. N.Y., 1893-7; Salem, S.D., 97-1899. (Cong. 
Little Ferry, N.J., 1900-03). Ch. of Jesus, Brooklyn, 1903-05. (German 
Ref. Milltown, N.J., 1905-20). N.B.S., 1909. d. Dec. 27, 1920. 

Barr, Robt. H., b. Glasgow, Scotland, Nov. 30, 1851 ; R.C, 1875; N.B.S., 
1878; lie. CI. Paramus. 1878; Guttenberg, 1878-80; Owasco, 1880-3; 

Bushwick, 83-6. S.S. Ass. Ref., New Burgh, N.Y., 1888 . Ph.D., 

R.C, 1884. 

Bartholf. See Bertholf. 

Bartholf, Benjamin A., b. Wyckoff, N.J., Nov. i, 1835; R.C. 61, N.B.S. 
64, 1. CI. Passaic; Fair Haven, 64-8; Pascack, 68-73. S.S. in Ind. 
Cong. Ch. at Stone Church, Genesee Co., N.Y., 73-6 (Mayfieid, N.Y., 
76-80; Conklinville and Day, 80-81, Presbyt.), Amity, 1881-7; Vischers 
Ferry, 1881-7, Gallatin, 87-99, w. c. ; d. Aug. 10, 1908. Min. Gen. Syn., 
1909, 524. 

Bartlett, Dwight Kellogg, b. at Utica. N.Y., March 30, 1832; U.C 54, 
tutor, U.C 54-8, P.S. 58, lie. N. River Presbyt., 60; ord. by same, 61; 
Smithfield, N.Y., S9-62 ; Stamford, Ct., 62-4, both Presbyt. ; Rochester, 
N.Y., Cong., 65-74; Albany, 2d, 1874-81, d. Jan. 11. D.D. by U.C. 
1875. 



THE MINISTRY :545 

Bartlett, John. Columbia, N.Y., 1811-14. See Dailey Hist, of Mont. CI., 

24. 
Bassett, John, b. at Bushwick, 1764; C.C. 1786, stud, under Livingston, 1. 

by Syn. R.D. Chs. 1787; Albany, 1787-1804, Boght (CI. Albany), 1805- 

II, Gravesend and Bushwick, 1811-24, d. ; also Prof, of Heb. Lang. 

1804-12. Elected a trustee of Queen's Coll. 1788. S.T.D. by W.C. 

1804. 
He was a man of extraordinary erudition and an excellent Hebrew and 
classical scholar. He trained a number of young men for the ministry. 
He was an edifying preacher, though not gifted with great vividness of 
imagination, or with eloquence. Quoted in "Centennial" of N.B. Sem., 427. 
See Johnson's "Hist. Sketch, Ch. of Albany," 1899, p. 19. 
Publications: i. "Psalms, Hymns and Spiritual Songs." Albany, 1791. 

2. Translation of Immens' "Pious Communicant," 2 vols. 8vo, N.Y., 1801. 

3. "Hist. App. to Johnson's Farewell Ser. at Albany," 1802. 4. "Memorial 
of Ch. of Albany to Classis," 1804, pp. 36. 

Bassler, Benj., b. at Berne, N.Y., 1805; U.C. 1830, N.B.S. 1833, New 
Rhinebeck and Sharon, 1833-8; Cobleskill, 1838; Farmerville, 1838-66. 
Died. See Manual, 1902. 

Bassori, Augustino. See Dassori. 

Bates, Elisha D. Gilboa, 1858; Stuyvesant Falls, 1860-1 ; suspended 1869; 
deposed. 

Bates, Wm. Henry, b. Champion, N.Y., May 20, 1840; Ham. Col. '65, Aub. 
Sem. 68, 1. by Pres. of Cayuga; ord. by Pres. of Cortlandt (in Pres. 
Ch. 68-93). S.S. Rochester 2nd, 93-95. 

Bauer, Christopher, b. Oct. 25, 1875, Elmont, L.L. N.Y. Bloomfield Sem. 
1894; Bloomfield Acd. 1898; 1. by Pres. of Nassau 1897; (Manches- 
ter, N.H., 1898-1900; Weyersville, N.J., 1900-1906; Jamaica, N.Y., 
1906-1908. Supt. and Pastor German Deaconess Hospital, Cincinnati, 
O., 1908-10). Bethany, Clara City, Minn., 191c 

Baumeister, John, ord. by N-Cl. L.L; College Point, 1888-98. S.S. Locust 
Valley, L.L, 1910-12. Teacher. 

Baxter, John H., b. England, March 21, 1878. Educated London, Ky., 
1904; 1. by Pres. of Pueblo, 1906. (Pres. Hastings, Colo., 1905-07; Tim- 
nath, Colo., 1907.) Columbia Memorial, Okl., Ass. 1910; pastor 1913. 
Alissionary, Indian work 1910-13; Vermilye Memorial, Okl, 1912-13, 
and Apache Indians, 1912-13. (Pres. Fassil Creek 1913-15. Loveland, 
Colo., 1913 ). 

Bayles, J. Owen, b. Cherry Fork, O., 1835. Geneva Hall, Northwood, O., 
1857; Refd. Pres. Sem., Allegheny, Pa., '60; 1. by Ref. Pres. Ch. 
(Teaching 60-6; Kortright, N.Y., 66-95). Spotswood, N.J., 1895-1901, 
w. c. ; d. Sept. 12, 1910. Min. Gen. Syn., 1911, 253. 

Bayles, Theodore Floyd (s. of J. O. Bayles), b. Kortright, N.Y., July 25, 
1871 ; U.C. 1895; N.B.S. 1898; 1. by CI. N.B. ; Gardiner, N.Y., 98-'i902, 
Little Falls, N. J., 1902-06; Freehold. 2nd, 1906-10; Bayonne, ist, 
1910-15; Educational Sec. Bd. Publication and Bible Sch. Work, 

1915-17; Walden, 1917 . Executive Sec. Progress Campaign, 1919- 

20; Member Ex. Com. N.J. S.S. Ass., N.Y. S.S. Ass.; Member Ex. 
Com. N.Y. C.E. Ass. 

Bcale. Joseph Robert, b. Pamplin City, Va., Oct. 13, 1869; Lafayette Coll. 
93, U.S. 97 (Hastings-on-Hudson, 97-1900), Breakabin 1901-1903. 
Also North Blenheim, 1901-03; Walpack, Lower, Bushkill, S.S., 1904- 
05. Dis. to Pres. Ch. 1907. 

Beardslee, J. W.. b. Ohio, Nov. 23, 1837; R.C. 60, N.B.S. 63, 1. CI. N.B.; 
Rosendale, 63, Constantine and Mottville, 63-4, Constantine, 63-84, also 
S.S. at Porter, 64-70, West Troy, 84-7, Prof. Bib. Langs, and Lit. in 
Western Theolog. Sem. 1888-1917. Emeritus 1917. Acting Lector 
in the Exegesis of the English Bible. N.B.S. 1917-21 ; d. March 31. • 
Dr. Beardslee was led into the ministry through the influence of Rev. 



246 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

James LeFevre, D.D. and Rev. John B. Thompson D.D. He became one 
of the most eminent and useful ministers of the Denomination. As a pas- 
tor his work was of marked spiritual success, the creative work he did 
for the Western Theological Seminary will remain for many years. He 
was also a liberal giver to the Kingdom of God. In taste he was a student, 
in disposition gentle and in spirit Christ-like. D.D. Rutgers 1884; LL.D. 
Rutgers 1907. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1921, 639.^ 

Publications: "Address on President Garfield," 1881. "Fun. Ser. of 
Rev. Dr. O. H. Gregory," 1885. "The Bible Among the Nations." "Ad- 
dress Before Society of Inquiry, N.B.S.," 1880. "The Two Advents Con- 
trasted : in Four Sermons." "Twenty Years with Refd. Ch. of Constan- 
tine, Mich.," 1884. "The Foes of the Family," 1883. "The Lord is my 
Banner." "Numerous Sermons and Addresses," and pamphlets. Out- 
line of Introduction to O.T. 1903. Five Manuals for Class-room work. 
Beardslee, John W., Jr. (son of J. W. Beardslee) b. Constantine, Mich., July 
II, 1879. H.C. 1897, W.T.S. 1903; 1. by CI. Michigan, 1902. Ord. by 
CI. Mich., 1910. Instructor and Professor in H.C. 1902-13. Prof. N.T., 

W.T.S. 1913-17. Prof, of Greek and N.T. Exegesis N.B.S. 1917 . 

Ph.D. by Univ. Chicago 1913; D.D. by H.C. 1913. 
Beardslee, Wm. Armitage, b. Constantine, Mich., Ap. 6, 1867; H.C. and 

R.C. 88, N.B.S. 91, 1. CI Assist. Yonkers, ist, 91-2, Park Hill, 

Yonkers, 92-5 (Presbyt, Saranac, N. Y., 95-97) ; d. Oct. 19. See Man- 
ual, 1902. 
Publications: "Constitution of the Hist. Soc. of N.B.S., with Paper 
on Object and Plan of a» Museum of Christian History," 1889. 
Beattie, Jas., U.C. 1834, Fordham, 54-6. 

Beattie, Jas. Anderson, b. Westerkirk, Caugholms, Scotland, 1861 ; Glas- 
gow Univer. 85, P.S. 89, 1. Presbyt. of New Brunswick; ord. by London 
Presbyt. Ontario, 89 (Kempo and S. Delaware, Ont., 89-90, Presh. ) 
Pekin, 111., ist, 90-2, Trinity, Amsterdam, N. Y., 92-4, Chittoor, India 
1894-1915; drowned at the sinking of the S.S. L'lsitania, May 7, 1915 
"A faithful missionary of Jesus Christ." See Min. Gen. Syn., 1915, 610 
Beattie, John, b. at Salem, N. Y., 1784; U.C. 1806, studied under Proudfit 
1. CI. N.Y. 1808; Miss, in West, N. Y. and Canada, 1809-10, New 
Utrecht, 1809-34, Buffalo (S.S.), 1838-42, pastor, 1842-4, d. 1864, Jan. 
22. 
He was born of Scottish parents and brought up among the Scotch Pres- 
byterians in Washington Co., N. Y. When on his missionary tours in 
Canada he kept a minute journal of his daily life. On May 14, 1810, he left 
his L. I. home for one of these tours, and was gone five months. He was a 
week in making his voyage to Albany by sloop, and during this period 
thus writes : "Under this adverse providence, during these four days, I 
have had come gloomy reflections — a long journey before me — an entire 
stranger in the land to which I am sent — a wilderness to pass through be- 
fore I reach missionary ground — my horse in the meantime oppressed by 
standing still on board, and starving for want of provisions. These con- 
siderations combined depressed my spirits, and rendered these four days 
gloomy. But I still enjoyed one consolation, I trusted that God, who called 
me to the mission work, would conduct me safely through." While be- 
calmed opposite Coeymans on a Sunday, he and a couple of passengers 
took the boat and went ashore, and walked back to the church. Domine 
Westervelt was absent at Bethlehem, his other charge. Beattie obtained a 
horse and rode over to hear him, but arrived in time only to hear the appli- 
cation. After recess Beattie preached, and got back to the river in time to 
see the sloop sailing away. However, he made himself heard, and was 
taken on board. He gives a vivid description of the bad roads between 
Albany and Lake Ontario, and of the equally bad lodgings — "the worst 
roads that it is possible for the human mind to form any conception of;" 
"horrid bridges;" but the mosquitoes "were the occasion of more misery to 



THE MINISTRY - 247 

me than all the rest of my difficulties combined;" and then his lodgings, 
"an old weather-worn log house covered with bark — a dismal inn to the 
weary traveler." His bed was the floor, but he could not sleep. "I was 
under the necessity of maintaining an arduous contest with an innumerable 
multitude of little nocturnal beasts which inhabited the place." The next 
day he "rode twenty miles to breakfast under a mosquito escort," and at 
length came in sight of his missionary field. But the roads were still worse 
in Canada. His horse lost a shoe, and became very lame. "The morals of 
the people are said to be very much corrupted, and there is little or no 
religion in the place." — Kingston. 

Beattie, Robt. H., b. St. Andrews, Orange Co., N. Y., Aug. 26, 1815; U.C. 
34; stud, theol. with Dr. Wylie in Philadelphia; lie. 1835 (supplied Mil- 
ton, Pa., 35-6; Walden, N. Y., 39-42; Refd. Presbyt. W. Milton, N. Y., 
42-54; Presb., Bethlehem, Orange Co., N. Y., 54-66 supply. New Wind- 
sor, 67-70; Milford, Pa., 70-2) ; Bloomingburgh, N. Y., 72-84; New 
Hurley, 1884, d. 
Beattie, Robt. Hezekiah (s. of R. H. Beattie, above), b. Bethlehem, 
Orange Co., N. Y., Nov. 10, 1864; C.N.J. 85, P.S. 91, 1. Presbyt. Hud- 
son, 1891 ; ord. CI. Orange, 91; teacher, Prot.Coll. Beirut, Syria, 85-9, 
Latin tutor, C.N. J., 90-1; Newburg (R.C.A.), 1891-1902. Presbyterian. 
PuBLic.Mioxs : Articles in "The Interior," "The Christian Work," "The 
S.S. Times," "The Christian Intelligencer," "The Biblical World," etc. 
Beaver, Jos. Perry, b. Tylersport, Pa., Mar. i, 1858; Ursinus Coll. 80, Aub. 
Sem. 83; lie. Presbyt. Cayuga (Presbyt. 83-9) ; Nassau, 89-98, Buffalo, 
98-1901, S.S. New Concord, 1901-06; Stuyvesant, 1907-08; Coeymans, 

1909-16; S.S. New Concord, 1919 

Bechger, A. V. W., Holland Ch., N. Y. C, 1895 ; in the Netherlands, 1896, 

in London, Eng., 1897 . Removed from roll, 1905. 

Bechthold, Arend Hendrick, b. at Amsterdam, Holland, 1822; arrived 
at Boston, Mass., Aug. 7, 59; lie. by North Suffolk Assoc, Mass., Dec. 
16, 62; ord. by same, Feb. 11, 63; Miss, among the Hollanders in Bos- 
ton Highlands (Roxbury), 59-66; Paterson, N. J. (True Dutch Ch.), 
2d HolL, May 14, 66-7, July; Boston, Lenox St. Chapel, Jan. 19, 68-70, 
New York City (Holl. Ch.), 70-84; d. Nov. 15. 
Mr. Bechthold had been superintendent during 1857-8 of the farm school 
named "Surinaamsche Mettray," in Surinam, W. I. (This is a kind of 
orphan asylum.) He afterward determined to become a missionary in 
South Africa in connection with a brother-in-law there. But arriving in 
Boston, sickness and death in his household, together with the lateness of 
the season, compelled him to wait till the following spring. Upon inquiry 
whether there were any Hollanders in Boston, he learned from Rev. Dr. 
Anderson, of the Warren Street Baptist Church, that there was a colony 
of Hollanders in Roxbury. These were sought out and religious services 
were begun on Oct. 2T, 1859, which led to an earnest awakening among 
them, and the establishment of a Dutch church. Abner Kingman, a wealthy 
merchant, supported Mr. Bechthold, who labored both among the Dutch 
and Germans. This mission was under the care of the Springfield Street 
Congregational Church. Two years after (1861) a house of worship was 
built, since converted into a dwelling. Subsequently the firm of Sewall, Day 
& Co. built a large hall for these Hollanders on the corner of Ruggles 
and Parker streets. Rev. G. Vandekreeke, a graduate of Hope College, 
subsequently labored among them. On Feb. 20, 1873, a Dutch church was 
organized, under the name of the "Holland Congregational Church of Bos- 
ton Highlands." Mr. Bechthold subsequently did a great work for fourteen 
years among the Hollanders in New York City. It was no light task to 
concentrate them from New York and suburbs, and maintain a church 
organization among them. But this was but a small part of his work. For 
many years he met the immigrants of every incoming Dutch steamer at 
Castle Garden, and spoke words of welcome to them. In that place he 



248 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

preached the Gospel to many thousands. He aided them in exchanging their 
money and tickets, and in forwarding them to their destination. Many who 
were in destitution were helped ; the sick were cared for, and he wrote let- 
ters of information to their friends in Holland. He was a true helper of 
his people. 

Beck, T. Romeyn, R.C. 1849; acting Prof. Latin in R.C. 59-60, N.B.S. 62, 
1. CI. N.B. 62; Chap. 13th Reg. N.J.V. 62-3, Prof, of Latin and Greek, 
Holland Acad., 63-5, Prof, of Latin and Greek in Hope College, 1865- 
85, also Lector in Biblical Criticism and Theology in Hope College, 
67-85, Prof, in Dr. Gamble's Institution at Lytton Springs, Cal., 85-8, 
Prof, in a Gov. College, Yamaguchi, Japan, 88-94 ; died in Cal., May 22, 
1896, D.D. by R.C. 1879- 
He was a worthy scion of distinguished stock, named after his great- 
grandfather. Rev. Dr. Theodorick (or Dirck) Romeyn. For many years 
his father. Dr. Lewis C. Beck, was a Professor in Rutgers College. Mr. T. 
R. Beck studied law, and practiced in Chicago (1852-8), when he resolved 
to study theology. He was soon called to the then nascent Hope College, 
where his chief life work was done. For this position he was fitted in a 
peculiar degree. Moreover, he did not neglect ministerial duties. Hope 
Church had only recently been organized at Holland, Mich., and in its 
weak condition he gave his services as a Ruling Elder, also preaching with 
great acceptance as often as necessity required. When the Theological 
Department was created in Hope College, the General Synod appointed 
him Lector in Biblical Criticism and Philology, in which capacity he served 
for eight years. He wai an earnest and enthusiastic student. In 1885 he 
sought a more southern residence for the benefit of his health, and continued 
his excellent didactic labors for three years in Dr. Gamble's Institution at 
Lytton Springs, Cal. He then went to Japan, and for six years taught with 
great success in a government college at Yamaguchi. At the same time he 
taught a Bible class, out of the scholastic hours. See "Biog. Notice of 
Grads. of R.C," 1897, 15. 

Publications: "Baccalaureate Sermon at Hope College," 1883. 
Becker, Carl. North Bergen and Hackensack, 3d, 1857-60, Naumberg and 

New Bremen, 1860-70. 
Becker, John Chas. August, b. Jan. 21, 1866. Classical Academy, Hoboken, 
N. J.; Bloomfield Sem. 1893; 1. by Pres. of Newark, 1893. (Pres. 

Morningside, N.Y.C., 1894-1908) ; Clifton, N. J., 1908 

Beckering, Wm., b. Rosario, S. Africa, Oct. 6, 1871 ; H.C. and McA.C. 

W.S. 1904; 1. by CI. Iowa; Greenleafton, Minn., 1904-07; Oostburg, 

Wis., 1 907- II ; Bella 3d, 1911-15, d. Oct. 11. Min. Gen. Syn., 1916, 934. 

Beckes, Oscar E. LeMors Col. 'C2. Rec'd from Pres. 1912; Mohawk, 

1912-17, Pres. 1917. 
Bedford, Charles Van Wyck, b. Glenham, N. Y., Mar. 14, 1871 ; N.B.S. 
97; lie. CI. Montgomery; Ghent, 2d, 1897-1902. Johnstown 1902-09. 
Currytown (S.S.) 1909-12 and (S.S.) Sprakers, 1909-11. Hagaman 
1912-18. Presbyterian, Cal., 1918. 
Beckman, Abram J., b. South Branch, N. J., Oct. 21, 1838; C.N.J., U.T.S. 
70-72, 73-4; ord. CI. Illinois, Nov. 4, 74; Norris, 111., 74-75; S.S. 
Shokan and Shandaken, N. Y., 76-82; (Matawan, N. J., 82-84) ; South 
Branch, 85-87; (Allentown, N. J., 88-92), d. Ap. 4. See Manual, 1902. 
Beekman, Jacob T. B., b. Ap. 11, 1801, U.C. 1822, N.B.S. 1825, 1. CI. Phila- 
delphia, 1825; Middletown, N. J., 1825-36, w. c. 1836-47, Presb. Died 
1875, Ap. 25. 
Beekman, John Stotthoff, b. Middlebush. N. J., Oct. 19, 1833; C.N.J. 57; 
U.T.S. 57-8; P.T.S. 58-60; (serving Presbyt. chs. 63-70), S.S., Somer- 
set, Kan., 70-2 (Presbyt. 74-88; Episcopalian). For details see Prince- 
ton Sem. Gen. Cat. 
Beekman, Peter Stryker, b. Millstone, N. J., July 19, 1861 ; R.C. 84, 
N.B.S. 87, I. CI. N.B.; Glenham, N. Y., 87-93, Currytown, 93-1901, 



THE MINISTRY 249 

Flatbush (Ulster Co.), N. Y., 1901-09. Johnstown, N. Y., 1909-20; 
d. Aug. 24, 1920. Sec. Ministerial Ass. Mont. CI. and Sec. Johnstown 
Ministerial Ass. Publication — Centennial Hist. Ref. Ch. of Flatbush, 
Ulster Co., N. Y., 1907. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1921, 630. 

Beekman, Theodore Amerman, b. South Branch, N. J., Nov. 18, 1856; 
R.C. 82, N.B.S. 85, 1. CI. Raritan; Columbia, 85-7, S.S. at Preakness, 
87-9, Central Bridge and Howe's Cave, 89-93, Jerusalem, N. Y., and 
S.S. at Union, 1893-1902; Red Bank, N. J., 1902-09; Rosendale, 1909- 
15; Krumsville and Lyonsville, 1915-19; Clover Hill, 1919 

Beidler, Fred. P., b. Reading, Pa.. Oct. 28, 1824; Dickinson Coll. 2 yrs. ; 
Marshall Coll. 46, Mercersburg Sem. 49, lie. by CI. Lebanon, G.R.C. 
49; ord. CI. Miami, G.R.C. 51; (laboring among North Carolina Ger- 
mans, 49-52; at Pleasant Hills, Mo., teaching and supplying Presbyt. 
Ch. 52-3, supplying White Pigeon Ch. (Presbyt.) Mich., 53) ; South 
Bend, Ind., 53-4, teacher in Holland Academy, 54-5, Miss. Holland, 
Wis., 55, Ridgeway, 55-6, Macon, 56-7, w. c. ; d. 1904, Nov. 20. Min. 
Gen. Syn., 1906, 597. 

Bell, Goodloe Bowman, b. Reading, Pa., June 14, 1832; Y.C. 52, U.S. 59; 
Wawarsing, 1874-81. For other details see Gen. Cat. U.S. Died 1894. 

Bellengcr, Henry, b. 1789; Secession Church, 1827-9, Independent, at 
Sharon, Wynant's, and Rooster's Kill, 1829-1877, d. 
Publications: "A Voliiinc of Scniwns," copy in Sage Library. 

Bellenger, J. W. N.B.S. 1844-5, d. 

Beltman. Henry, b. 1894; H.C. 1916; P.T.S. 1919; 1. by CI. East Sioux 
1919. Missionary in China, Amoy Missions, 1920 

Bender, August Ferdinand, b. Brooklyn, N. Y., Aug. 7, 1874; Coll. Dept. 
Th. School, Bloomfield, N. J., 93, Theolog. Dept. 96, 1. Presb. Newark; 
Newtown, 2d, L. I. (Ger.), 96-1901, (Steubenville, O., 1901-1905. Ref. 
Ch. U.S., 1907). Hudson City, 2d, March-Oct., 1913; German Ref. 
Ch. ; Hudson City, 2d, 1914 

Benedict, Wm. A., Gilboa, 1856-7. 

Benes, L. H., b. Neth., May 26, 1865. McCormick Sem. 1904. Macalester 
Col. 1910. 1. by Pres. Milwaukee 1904. (Pres. Milwaukee 1904-08, 
Waupun, Wis., 1908-16). Grand View, Armour, S. D., 1916 . 

Benjamin, Chs. Frederic, b. Beekman, N. Y., Sept. 21, 1872; R.C. 1898, 
N.B.S. 1901, 1. CI. Pokeepsie; Alexandria Bay, 1902-1922. 

Bennett, Asa, b. 1790; N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B. 1824; Schodack, 1824-8, 
Ovid. 1828-38, Constantine, 1844-5, d. 1858, Jan. 16. Sketch in "Ch. 
Int.," Feb. 4, 1858. 

Bennett. G. H., b. New Brunswick, N. J., July 8. 1878. R.C. 1902. N.B.S. 
1903-4. Colgate Divinity Sch. 1907. Baptist 1907-08; Episcopalian 
1908— — 

Bcnni-tt, Jacques. U.C. 1839. N.B.S. 1840-2. d. 1842. 

Bennett. Walter Leopold, b. Port Hope, Ontario, Canada. Queen's Univ. 
IQ03, P.T.S. 1906. 1. by Presbytery of West Jersey. (Pres. Jamesville, 
N. Y., 1906-08; Bradford, Pa., 1908-10; Bridgeport, Conn., 1910-14; 
Canastota, 1914-17; Norwich, N. Y., 1917-18; Board of Evangelism, 
Pres. Ch. of Canada, 1918-19). S.S. Syracuse, N. Y., ist, 1920-21; 

pastor 1921 

Publication : "Diamond-Diggers and their Mine." 1921. 

Bennink, John Everett, b. Kalamazoo, Mich., Feb. 27, 1886. Kal. and H.C. 
1912. W.T.S. 1915. 1. by CI. Mich. Chicago, Emmanuel, 1915-17; 

Abbe, Clymer, N. Y., 1917-22; Catskill, N. Y., 1922 . S.C. CI. 111., 

1917. 

Benson, Aaron Wm., b. Cobleskill, N. Y., 1843; R.C. 71, N.B.S. 74, 1. CI. 
Schoharie; ord. by Presb. of Hamilton, Ontario, Nov. 28, 74; (West 
Flambora, Canada, 74-6, Rockford, Delano, Maple Plain, Long Lake, 
Minn., 1877, Minneapolis, 5th Presb. Ch., 78-9, White Bear Lake, Pine 
City, 80-2, Eden Prairie, 84-5, Yarkie, Mo., 87-8, Rush City, Minn., 



250 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

88-90, Elim and Bethany chs., Minneapolis, 91-3, North St. Paul, Minn., 
1896-97. Also engaged in journalism on "The Western Presbyterian," 
M inneapolis. Retired ) . 
Benson, Clarence H. Rec'd from Pres. 1908. Lawyersville and Howe's 
Cave, 1st, 1908-10. Bufifalo, 1911-16. (Presbyterian. Foreign Mission- 
ary). 
Bentley, E. W., b. 1826, Y.C. 1850, East Windsor Theolog. Inst. 1854, lie. by 
Hartford 4th Assoc. 1854; Ellenville, 1854-80, w. c. Died x886, Oct. 23. 
Se Manual, 1902. 
Publications : "Hist. CI. of Orange," 8vo, pp. 80, 1875. "Several Ser- 
mons." Many articles in the "Ellenville Journal," "Christian Intelligencer," 
etc. 

Berdan, John, lie. by Seceders, 1830, Aquackanonck, sec. 1830-89, died. 

Berg, Herman Caspar (s. of Jos. F. Berg), b. Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 5, 

1845; R.C. 66, N.B.S. 69, lie. CI. N.B.; studied at Basel, Ger., 69-70, 

evangel, services, Mission House, Basel, 69-70; student at Tuebingen, 

70-1; Rocky Hill, N. J., 72-8, College Point, L.I., 78-88, Bedford, 

Brooklyn, 88-95, Ellenville, N. Y., 1895-1910. Tillson, Rosendale Plains, 

1910-14, d. Feb. 16. For many years he was member of the Bd. of 

Superintendents and one time its president. He was member of the 

Bd. of Publication and one time its president. He was a man of ability 

and wisdom in the service of God. D.D. L.F.C. 1891. Min. Gen. Syn., 

1914, 236. 

Publications: Many, sermons in "N. Y. Tribune" and "Brooklyn Eagle." 

Articles in "Ch. Int.," including a "Criticism on Acts 26 :28." 

Berg. Irving H. (son of H. C. Berg), b. Rocky Hill, N. J., March 8, 1878. 

Lafayette Col. 1901. Hartford Sem. 1904. 1. by CI. Saratoga, 1904; 

ord. by CI. of .Saratoga 1904. West Troy, 1904-06; Catskill, 1906-12; 

(Cong., Hartford, Conn., 1912-17) ; Fort Washington Col, N.Y.C., 

1917 . Chaplain ist Conn. Inf 1914-17. Trustee Hartford Sem. 

Foundation 1912 . Bd. D.M. R.C. A. 1906-12. Chairman Liberty 

Loan Com. of Ref. Ch. in N. Y. 1917. D.D. by Laf. Col. 1916. 
Publications : Articles in press, sermons, etc. 
Berg, Jos. Fred. (s. of Rev. Christian Fred. Berg, of Denmark, and Hannah 
Tempest, his wife, of England, Moravian missionaries), b. at Grace 
Hill, Antigua, W.I., June 3, 1812; educated in Moravian institutions at 
Fulnic, England, 1816-25; c. to U. S. 1825, and placed in the Moravian 
School at Nazareth. Pa. Teacher of Chemistry, Nazareth, 1829, while 
pursuing theological studies. Lie. 1831, ord. and installed, Ger. Ref. 
Ch. Harrisburg, Oct. 2, 1835-7, Philadelphia (Race Street), G.R.C., 
1837-52, Philadelphia, 2d, R.D.C., 1852-61, Prof, of Didactic and Pol- 
emic Theology, New Brunswick Sem. 1861-71, d. July 20. Also Prof. 
Logic, Rutgers College 1861-4; Prof. Evidences of Christianity in 
Rutgers College, 1861-7. D.D. M.D. Jefferson Medical College. Trus- 
tee R.C. 1860-4. 
He was gifted with a vigorous mind, which was enriched and disciplined 
by careful culture and study. His acquirements embraced not only a knowl- 
edge of the classics and several modern languages, but in almost every de- 
partment of literature and science there were few subjects which he had not 
diligently explored. His power of acquisition was really encyclopaedic, and 
he had the rare faculty of using, to advantage, when occasion required, his 
copious stores of knowledge. 

He was a solid preacher and especially eminent in controversy. 
For a fuller sketch of him and for a list of his numerous publications, see 
Manual, 1902, Centennial N.B.S. 453. 

Berg, Joseph Frederic (son of Herman Berg), b. at Tubingen, Ger., July 
28, 1871 ; R.C. 92, N.B.S. 95, 1. S. CI. L. I.; Montgomery, N. Y., 1895- 
1902, Port Richmond, S. I., 1902-1911. Lector Biblical Theo. and Sac- 
red Hist. N.B.S. 1904-17; Prof. Hellenistic Gk. and N.T. Exegesis 



THE MINISTRY 25 1 

N.B.S. 1911-17. Flatbush, L. I., 1st, 1917 . President Gen. Svn. 

1919. Ph.D. C.U. 1896. D.D., R.C 1908. 
Publications: "Influence of the LXX on the Peshito PsaUer," 1895. 
"A Dissertation Submitted for the Ph.D. in the University Faculty of 
Philosophy, Columbia College." "Sermons." 

Bergen, John H. (colored), N.B.S. 1879, lie. by CI. N.B. 79; ordained by 
same, 80, as a missionary colporteur; labored at Columbus, Ga., 80-3, 
when he joined the Southern Presbyt. Ch. Although he was an Afri- 
can and was blind, yet by simply having his lectures read to him he 
passed through the seminary in a creditable manner, d. Dec. 13, 1893. 
Bergen, John Tallmadge, b. on Bergen Island, Flatlands, N. Y., Sept. 21, 
i860; R.C. 1883, U.T.S. 86, lie. by S. CI. L. I.; S.S. at Steinway, L. I., 
84-86; ord. by CI. Ulster, 86; Shokan and Shandaken, 86-89, Hope Ch. 
Holland, Mich., 89-92, Brooklyn, South, 92-95, Robert Schell, Professor 
of Ethics and Evidences of Christianity in Hope College, 1895-1906. 
Supplied Hope Church, 1900-1 ; pastor 1904-06. (Pres. President 
Albert Lee C. 1912-13. ist Pres. Church, Minneapolis). D.D. R.C, 
^903- 
Publications : "Evidences of Christianity." Contribution to the press. 
Bergen, Tunis G., b. Brooklyn, 1849. R.C. 67. N.B.S. 67-9. Lawyer. 
Berger, Arthur LeGrand, b. Sharon, N. Y., Dec. 9, 1881. N.B.S. 1907. 
1. by CI. Schoharie 1907. New Hurley, 1907-10; Post Graduate, N.Y.U. 
1910-11. CI. Missionary CI. Saratoga 1911-1917. (Presbyterian 1917. 
S.S. Northumberland, 1918). 
Berger, Martin Luther, b. Mellenville, N. Y., Aug. 12, 1839; Wms. Coll. 59, 
U.T.S. 59-62; ord. CI. New Brunswick, June 10, 63; East Millstone, 
N. J., 63-5, Fishkill, N. Y., 65-8, Syracuse, N. Y., 68-75; San Fran- 
cisco, Cal. (Presb.), 75-80, S.S. Hillsdale, N. Y., 81-3, Sec. McAU 
Mission in France, 83-6, Prof. Theol. in Straight Univ., New Orleans, 
La., 87-9; Cleveland, O. (Cong.), 91-5, traveling in Europe, U. S., and 
the East, 1895. D.D. by" Straight University, 1887. Died Feb. 6, 1906. 
Bergmans, Jacob C, b. Province of Friesland, Neths., June 4, 1861 ; Al- 
b.'on Coll., Mich.; Yale Div. School, 91. lie. by Western N. Y. Asso. 
(Cong.); Perry, N. Y. (Cong.), 92-4, New York Mills, 95-1901, Gil- 
boa, 1501-1932. S.S. South Gilboa, 1902. d. Oct. 2. See Min. Gen. 
Syn., 1903, 513. 
Berkcnmeyer. W'm. (S.S.) Stone Arabia, 1733-43. (Lutheran). See Dailey 

Hist., Mont. CI., 89. 
Berkhardt, Andrew. Linden, N. J., 1921. 

Bernart, Jas. Elmendorf, b. at Millstone, N. J., March 15, 1821; R.C. 
1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. Phila., 1851 ; S.S. Upper Neversink, and 
Brown Settlement, 1851-4, Upper Neversink, 1854-6, Miss, at Board- 
ville, 1856-77, pastor 1877-81, w. c. d. 1903, Sept. 25. Min. Gen. Syn., 
1904, 829. 
Berry, James Romeyn (grandson of Jas. V. C. Romeyn), b. at Hacken- 
sack, N. J., March 8, 1827; R.C. 47, N.B.S. 50, 1. CI. Bergen; Piermont, 
N. Y., 50-2, Syracuse, 52-7, Kinderhook. 57-63, Jersey City, 3d, 63-8, 
Fishkill-on-Hud.son, 69-70, (Montclair, N. J. (Presb.), 70-87), Rhine- 
beck, 87-91, d. June 5. D.D. by R.C. 1867. President of Gen. Syn. 
1 890. 
He was characterized by exceptional excellence. Of commanding per- 
sonal presence, he attracted the attention of all who met him. But his qual- 
ities of mind and heart were even more conspicuous and challenged the 
confidence and regard of those who knew him well. Both heredity and 
environment exerted a favorable influence upon his early life. He was 
trained to be a student and a Christian ; and the effect of this training was 
manifest through his entire career. In youthful years he developed noble 
qualities, and to the close of life illustrated the virtues of a matured man- 
hood. 



252 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Because of his ability and character he was conspicuously successful as. 
a pastor, preacher and in the councils of the church. See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : A number of sermons — One on death of President Van 
Buren, in "Ch. Int.," July 31, 1862. "Silence and Mvstery," on death of 
President Garfield, 1881. "The Word of Life is Near," 1881. 
Berry, Philip (grandson of Jas. V. C. Romeyn, and brother of Jas. R. 
Berry), b. Hackensack, N. J., Feb. 16, 1837; R.C. 57, U.T.S. 57-58, 
N.B.S. 58-60, 1. CI. Bergen; ord. by CI. Mich.; Grand Rapids. Mich., 
60-61, Scotia, N. Y., 61,63; Sidon, Syria (Am. Bd.), 63-65; Athens, 
Pa., 65-72 ; became a Baptist, Sutton, Mass., 72-75, Belchertown, Mass., 
75-77, Three Rivers and Palmer, Mass., 77-78, ed. of the "Nat. Baptist," 
Philadelphia, Pa., 78-83, Southampton, Pa., 83-88; died Aug. 23, 1889. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Bertholf, Guiliam (William), b. in Sluis, Holland, and baptized there Feb. 
20, 1656; lie. and ord. by the CI. of Middleburg, Sept. 16, 1693; Hack- 
ensack and Acquackanonck (now Passaic), N. J., 1694- 1724; supplied, 
also, occasionally, the churches on the Raritan, Ponds, Pompton 
(Plains), Schraalenberg, Tappan, Tarrytown, Belleville, Staten Island, 
etc., 1694-1724. Died about 1726. 
He was the pioneer of the Reformed Church in New Jersey. For a gen- 
eration he exercised a truly apostolic ministry among scattered wilderness 
communities of that colony. He was a great lover of his Lord and deeply 
consecrated to his service. His evangelistic spirit was not appreciated by 
some of his ministerial contemporaries, who asserted that he was a Labadist. 
For a sketch with references, see Manual, 1902. 

Bertholf, James Henry, b. at Fredonia, Chautauqua Co., N. Y., Aug. 15, 
1840; R.C. 64, N.B.S. 67; Unionville and Greenburgh, N. Y., 67-70, 
New York City (De Witt Chapel, Collegiate Church), 70-83, Nassau, 
N. Y., 83-8, Marlboro, N. J., 88-1892, w. c. d. Dec. 11, 1904. Min. Gen. 
Syn., 1905, 273. 
Beseigel, W. E., b. Utica, N. Y., Jan. 15, 1887. Moravian Col. 1909, Mor- 
avian Sem. 191 1 ; ord. by Elders' Conference of Moravian Ch. (Mor- 
avian, Nicaragua, 1911-12. Winston, N. C, 1912-16; Brooklyn, 1916- 

18; Utica, 1918-19) ; Mellenville, 1919 

Bethune, Geo. W.. b. in N. Y. C, 1805; C.C. and B.C. 1823, P.S. 1826; 
(Miss, to colored people and sailors. Savannah, Ga., 1826), Rhinebeck, 
1827-30, Utica. 1831-4, Philadelphia, ist, 1834-6, Philadelphia, 3d, 1837- 
49, Brooklyn Heights, 1850-9, New York, 21st St., 1859-62, d. Apr. 28, at 
Florence. Italy. He also supplied the Am. Chapel, Rome, 1859-60. 
He stood in the front rank of ministers of the Gospel. Originally en- 
dowed with a fine mind, and furnished with every possible facility for cul- 
tivating and furnishing it, he achieved a very high degree of success in the 
pulpit and elsewhere. A thorough master of English, of finished taste, 
fertile in thought, rich in illustration, skilled in dialectics, familiar with the 
stores of the past, yet with a quick eye to the present, a proficient in 
belles-lettres, he had almost every literary requisite for the composition of 
sermons. When to this it is added that he was sound in the faith and had 
his heart in the work, that he had a most musical voice, of rare compass 
and modulation, it is not wonderful that his reputation stood so high. He 
was a close and diligent student, and never was ashamed to confess it. His 
platform efl:orts were always impromptu, but for the pulpit he felt con- 
scientiously bound to make careful and thorough preparation. 
For a full sketch and list of publications, see Manual, 1902. 
Betten, Antonie, b. Utrecht, Neth., July 19, 1813; ord. at Noordeloos, July 
12, 1842; Noordeloos, S. Holland, Neth., 42-47; came to U.S. w. c. 
d. Dec. 6, 1900. 
He was one of the prime movers in the great tide of Christian immigra- 
tion of Hollanders to the United States in the middle of the nineteenth 



THE MINISTRY 253 

•century. He was associated with Van Raalte, Scholte, and others. He 

-never took a ministerial charge in America, but was continually engaged in 

preaching the Gospel in Pella, Iowa, and surrounding mission stations. See 

also "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1901, p. 1230. 

Betton, Dirk Lawrence (grandson of A. J. Betten), b. Pella, la., Jan. 29, 
1869; H.C. 90, Mich. University 91, N.B.S. 94; 1. CI. N.B.; Paterson, 
1st Holland, 94-7, Brighton, N. Y., 1897-1910. Marion, N. Y., 1910- 
20. Florida, N. Y., 1920 . 

Betts, Wm. Rowland Spalding, b. Troy, N. Y., Oct. 2},, 1800; U.C. 1826, 
P.S. 30, (Phelps, N. Y., 31-4, Upper Freehold, N. ]., 37-40, Mt. Holly, 
N. J., 41-2), Spottswood, 42-5, Leeds, 45-50, Athens, 50-5, Grahamville, 
55-6, Shokan and Shandaken, 56-61, (Otisville, N. Y., 62-5, Presb.; 
Miss, in Ocean Co., N. J., 66-8. Died Sept. 28, 1883. 

Betz, Wm. F., b. in Europe; a Miss, in India, of the Rhenish Miss. Soc, 
1863-75. May; Lodi, N. J., (Hoi.), 1875-8, went to Germany, and subse- 
quently to Holland; Warnsveld, Holl., 1879-81, d. June 5. 

Beveridge, James. N.B.S. 1827-8. Associate Reformed. 

Bevier, John H., b. 1805, studied under Westbrook, and N.B.S. 1831, 1. CI. 
N.B. 1831 ; Shawangunk, 1831-43, Ed. "Christian Intelligencer," 1843- 
52; Fordham, 1851-3, Glenham, 1853-60, Rensselaer, 1860-3, Rosendale, 
1864-7, S.S. New Concord, 1867-73. Emeritus, Ap. 15, J2>- Died Aug. 
14, 1880. See "Ch. Int.," Aug. 26, 1880. 

Beyer, Albert F., b. Gensungen, Hessen Cassel, Germany, Nov. 20, 1852; 
College Dept. of Ger. Theol. Sch., Dubuque, la., 76; Danville Theol. 
Sem., Ky., 79, lie. by Transylvania Presbyt. 78 ; ord. by Alton Presby. 
79; (Fosterburg, 111., Presb., 79-88) ; Silver Creek, German Valley, 
111., 1889-1905. Principal Pleasant Prairie Academy, German Valley, 

111., 1905-18. Teaching Pleasant Prairie Academy, 1918 . German 

Language and Bible Literature and Doctrine. DD., H.C. 1902. 
Publications: Editor of "Der Mitarbeiter," a German monthly, the 

organ of the Classis of Pleasant Prairie, 111., 1891-1905. Translated into 

German New Constitution of Ref. Ch. 

Beyer, Evert G., b. Jan. 14, 1856, in Iowa; Central Univer., la., 84, N.B.S. 
87, 1. CI. N.B.; ord. by Presbyt. of Dubuque, 88; (Farley, la., 87-9. 
Coggon, la., 89-92, Littleton and Otterville, 92-3, Hazelton, 1894-08. 
Chaplain, State Prison, Anamora, la., 1898-1901. (Pres. Brighton and 
Salina, la., 1904-10). (2d Keokuk, la.; Pres. 1919). 

Beys, Henricus, b. at Dordrecht, 1675; matriculated at Leyden, Sept. 13, 
1694, to study theology; matriculated again Aug. 2"], 1701 (aged 27) to 
study medicine; ord. May 4, 1705; came to America 1705; Kingston, 
1705-8; returned to Holland (Harlem and Fordham, Episcopalian, 
1710-12) ; suspended by Classis of Amsterdam; restored to Duich min- 
istry, 1713; Curacoa, 1714-17. 
Governor Cornbury attempted to prevent the settlement of Beys at King- 
ston. His attitude led to a violent dispute, which was one of the causes 

of Cornbury's recall. Beys became involved in a scandal at Kingston and 

left without permission. For account and reference, see Manual, 1902. 

Bielficld, H. Mid. Col. '21 ; And. Sem. '25. From G.R.C. 1855. Ger. Ref., 
Harlem, 1855. 

Bilkert, Henry Arjen, b. June 24, 1892, Kalamazoo, Mich. H.C. 1914. 
P.S., N.B. and W.S. 191 7. 1 by CI. Michigan. Missionary to Arabia, 

1917 

Publications: Missionary articles for Church papers. 

Billingsley, John Alvcr, b. Sharonville, O., Nov. 15, 1854; Wavnesburg 
Col. 78; Y.T.S. 76-7, U.T.S. 78-80; ord. by Cumb. Presb., Miami, Aug. 
27, yy; city missionary of Ref. C. in A. in N.Y.C., 79-81 (Oxford, 
Miss. (Cum. Presb.), 81) ; Manor Chapel of South Refd. Ch., N. Y. C, 
82-90 Brooklyn (Presb.). 1S91. 



254 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Bingham, Luther, b. at Cornwell, Vt., June lo, 1798, Mid. Coll. 1821 An;l. 
Sem. 25, lie. Essex Assoc. Mass., 25 (Marietta, O., 25-37, Cincinnati, 
37-43. Williston, Vt, 43-51, Journalist, 51-77). Entered R.D.C., 55. 
Colporteur and connected with Bd. Pub. Died 1877. 
He was the author, for about eighteen years, of the reports of the Fulton 
Street Prayer-meeting in the "New York Observer" and "Christian Intel- 
ligencer." He wrote certain chapters in Prime's "Power of Prayer." He 
published "Army Life," "Hospital Life." "Living Words from Living Men," 
"The High Mountain Apart," "The Young Quartermaster," "The Little 
Syracuse Boy," "The Little Drummer Boy," "Out of Darkness into Light," 
etc., etc. These practical and simple books did an immense amount of good. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Birchby, H. Cough, b. Euxton, Eng., 1853; La F. Coll. 81, U.S. 84, Presbyt. 

84-92; Holland, Mich. (Hope Ch.), 1892-9. See "U.S. Cat." 
Bird, Addison Caleb, b. Hawthorne, Westchester Co., N. Y., May 9, 1869; 
educated, Mt. Hermon, Mass.; N.B.S. 1896; 1. CI. Westchester; Stan- 
ton, N. J., 1896-1903. Hopewell, N. Y., 1903-10; Poughkeepsie, ist, 

Arlington, 1910 ; also S.S. Emmanuel, Poughkeepsie, 1919 ; 

S.C. CI. of Poughkeepsie, 191 2 . 

Birdsall, Edward, b. in Williamsburg (Brooklyn), N.Y., Aug. 21, 1842; 
N.B.S. 80; 1. CI. Westchester; Three Bridges, N.J., 80-4, Addis- 
ville. Pa., 84-8, Schodack, N.Y., 88-92, Clifton, N.J., 92-1899, d. April 8. 
See "Mints. Gen. Syn., 1899, 570. 
Birkby, John. b. at Yorkshire, Eng., 1792; Rotherham Coll.. Eng., 18..; 
ordained by the Congregationalists (Earl Shelton, Leicester, Eng., 18. . ; 
Tockholes, Lancaster, Eng., 18.. — 35; Hanover, N.H., 1835-40); 
Ganesvoort, 40-45, d. 1861. See "Manual of 1879"; "Ch. Int." May 30, 
1861. 
Birkey, Ab., b. 1806 (Detroit, Ger. Ref. 49-52), 2d G.D.R. Ch. N.Y.C. 

52-65, d. 1867. 
Bishop, Alex. Hamilton, b. at New Haven, Ct., i8ic; Y.C. 30, P.S. 35, 

1. by Connecticut Assoc. Astoria, 40-53, d. 1854. See Manual, 1902. 
Bishop, George Sayles, b. at Rochester, N. Y.. June 28, 1836; A.C. 58, 
A.S. and P.S. 64, lie. Presbyt. Rochester, June. 1863; ord. by Presbyt. 
N.B. June, 1864 (Trenton, 2d, 64-66, Newburgh (Calvary), 66-72, 
Orange, 2d, 72-75, all Presbyt.) ; Orange, N. J., 1875-1907. P.E. 1907- 
14, d. March 12. DD., R.C. 1877. Vedder Lecturer, 1885. Pres Gen. 
Syn., 1899. 
Dr. Bishop was a fervent, evangelical preacher and a profound theo- 
logian. He held to the old doctrines with great force and was able to give 
a reason for the faith that was in him. The ministry was to him a vocat.on. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 2y^. 
Publications : Dr. Bishop was a voluminous writer. For a list of his 
publications see Manual 1902. 

Bishop, Wm. Samuel (son of Rev. G. S. Bishop), b. Northampton, Mass., 
Aug. 26, 1865. R.C. '87, N.B.S. 88-9. Gen. Sem. N.Y.C. '92. Epis- 
copalian. 
Black, John, b. East Greenbush. N. Y., May i. 1868; R.C. 98, N.B.S. 1901, 
1. CI. Rensselaer; Easton, N. Y., 1901-1904. Altamont, 1904-08; 
Ghent, ist and New Concord, 1908-18; Unionville, Hawthorne, 

1918 . Vice-Pres. P.S. A. 1912. 

Blair, Harlan Page, b. 1842; ord. 1876 (Congre. Deer River, Copenhagen, 
Westmoreland, 18.. -81) ; West Farms, 81-4, Germantown, N. \ ., 84-7; 
d. Mar. 11. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1890, 918. 

Blair, Robert, J., b. in N. J., May 8, 1797; N.B.S. 1823, 1. CI 1823; 

Miss, to Princetown and Guilderland (Helderbergh), 1824, Miss, to 
Salem, 1825. Princetown and Helderbergh, 1825-7, Helderbergh, 1827- 
30, w. c. 1858; d. Jan. 19. See Manual, 1902. 
Blake, Robert W. Licentiate of CI. Bergen, 1896-18. 



THE MINISTRY 255 

Blanchard, Frank D., b. Spring Valley, N. Y., Dec. 13, 1886. R.C. 1914, 
N.B.S. 1917. 1. by CI. Paramus. Shandaken and Shokan, 1917-20; 

Rhinebeck, N. Y., 1920 . Chaplain 159th Inf., 143 M.G. Bn. 

Blaschke, H. S. Presbyterian. S.S. Dumont, la., 1913. Presbyterian. 
Blategen, J., b. Sept. 15. 1824. at Aluelheim, Ger. ; c. to America, 1848 
(studied at Mercersburg, Pa., and Tiffin, O. ; Linton, Ind. ; Evansville. 
Ind. ; Newton, Wis. ; Mosel, Wis. ; Boegers Store, Mo. ; Centreville, 
Wis.; Menno, S. D.; all in R.C. of U.S.) ; Forreston. 111., 80-5. Died. 
Blauvelt, Augustus, b. Farmer, N. Y., 1834- RC. 1858, N.B.S. 61, 1. CI. 
Philadelphia; assistant in Madison St. Chapel, N. Y. C, 61-2, Amoy, 
China, 63-4, Bloomingdale, N. Y., 66-71, w. c. Died Ap. 14, 1900. D.D. 
by R.C, 1873. 
Publications : "Kingdom of Satan," 1868. Articles in "Scribner's 
Monthly." Letters in "Independent" in 1873, and in other papers and maga- 
zines. "Present Religious Crisis," 1883. 
Blauvelt, Cor. J. Lie. by Seceders, 1828; Schraalenburgh, 1828-52, Hack- 

ensack and English Neighborhood, 1852-9; d. 1861. 
Blauvelt, Cor. J., b. 1813, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. Paramus, 1842, Schraalenburgh, 
1842-58, Blue Mountain, 1859-62, Woodstock (S.S.), 1864-5, Closter 
City (S.S.), 1866-9, W'est Hurley, 1869-78, Livingston Manor, 1878-81, 
d. March. See "Ch. Int.," 1881, Ap. 4. 
Blauvelt, Cor. Ryckman, b. May 6, 1843, in N. Y. C. ; U.N.Y. 64, P.S. 
and U.S. 67, lie. Pres. N.Y. ; East New York, 1868-74. Newark, East, 
1874-6, Ed. "Sower and Gospel Field," 1874-5, again, Jan. -Aug., 1877, 
Ed. "Christian Intelligencer," 77-79, Hyde Park,. 80-83. Ph.D. by 

N.Y.U. 1891. Cor. Sec. of Soc. of Comparative Religions, 1890 . 

d. Aug. 12, 1920. 
He was a student and seeker after truth, not content with surface defin- 
itions. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1921, 630. 

Publications : "The Spcncerian Theory of the Religion of Israel." 
"Theosophy and Christianity Irreconcilable," "Horn. Rev.." May, 
1895. Many editorials, reviews, and contributed articles in "Ch. Int.," and 
"Sower and Gospel Field." For many years he prepared semi-annual Index 
of the Christian Intelligencer. 

Blauvelt, Geo. Mancius Smedes, b. Dec. 8, 1832 (s. of Rev. Dr. Blauvelt, 

of Lamington, Presbyt.) ; N.Y.U. 1850, P.S. 1853, 1. Presbyt. 1853 

(Chester, N. J., 1853-6, Racine, Wis., 1856-9, Lyons Farm, 1859-64, 

Presbyt.) ; Tappan, 1864-82, Easton, Pa., 1882-90, Six Mile Run, 1890- 

1901, w. c. d. July 5, 1911. 

He was a minister of the old school yet not lacking in progressive ideas. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1912, 559. Also "Cole's Hist. Ch. of Tappa:.," 1894, 

110-116. 

Blauvelt, Isaac, b. about 1750; Q.C. 1783. stud, theol. under J. R. Harden- 

bergh, 1. CI. Hackensack, 1780; Fishkill and Hopewell, 1783-90, 

Paramus and Saddle River, 1790-Nov., 91, susp. ; restored to church 

membership, 1824, d. about 18.40. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1785. 

Blauvelt. Timothy. Q.C. 1782, studied theol. under Livingston, 1. by Gen. 

Meeting of Mins. and Elds. 1784. 
Blauvelt, Wm. Warren, b. at New Brunswick, N. J., June 23. 1800; Q.C. 
1814, N.B.S. 2S, Teaching 22-4, 1. by Presbyt. of Lawrcnccville, N. 
J. (Lamington, N. J. (Presbvt.), 1826-1882; pastor emeritus, 18S2-88, 
died July 16.) D.D. N.Y.U. 1856. See Manual. 1902. 
Blauw. Cornelius. Matriculated at the University of Groningen, Sept. 15, 
1749, for the study of Philosophy and Letters. He was from Alkmaar. 
Pompton Plains, Fairfield, Totowa, and Boonton, 1762-8, Hackensack, 
2d, and Schraalenburgh, 2d, 1768-71. 
He appears to have been a troublesome man of the Conferentie party, in- 
vading the congregations of others, accepting calls from the disaflFected, 
and illegally administering the ordinances to them. 



256 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Blekkink, Evert J., b. Oostburg, Wis., May 26, 1858; H.C. 83, N.B.S. 86, 
lie. CI. Wis; Lisha's Kill, 86-8, Cobleskill and Lawyersville, 88- 
94, Amsterdam, N. Y. (Trinity), 94-9, Kalamazoo, Mich., 1899-1905; 

Holland 3d, 1905-12. Prof. Systematic Theo. W.T.S. 1912 . D.D. 

H.C. 1909. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1918. D.D. R.C. 1920. Editor of the 

Leader, 1906 

Blekkink, Victor John W. (son of Rev. E. J. Blekkink), b. at Lisha's Kill, 
N. Y., Aug. 27, 1887, H.C. 1909. N.B.S. 1912. I. by CI. Holland 1912. 

Long Branch, 1912-14; Canajoharie, 1914 . Pres. P.S.A. (1920-21.) 

Blessing, Frank Fenton, b. Slingerland, N. Y. U.C. 1889. P.S. 1892. 1. 
by Pres. Albany. Pres. Scarborough, 1892-1901 ; Lebanon, 1903-07; 
Sect. Ursinus Col., 1908-9; Sect. Travelers' Aid Soc, N.Y.C., 1910-11; 
Director Gad's Hill Center Social Settlement, Chicago, 1912-13; Albany, 

N. Y., 6th, 1915 

Blocker, Simon, b. Amsterdam, Holland, Oct. i, 1881. R.C. 1905, N.BS. 
1908. 1. by CI. N.B. Union, High Bridge, 1908-15; Paterson, Broad- 
way, 1915 . Lector Biblical Theology N.B.S. 1917 . Ass. Edi- 
tor Ch. In. 
Bloemendal, Ralph, b. in the Netherlands, 1859, c. to America, 69; H.C. 

88, W.S. '89, 1. CI New Holland, Mich., 91-4, Chicago, 1st, 94-7, 

Muskegon, 2d, 1897-1905. Baldwin, Wis., 1905-07; Emmanuel, Grand 
Rapids, 1907-12; Cleveland, ist 1912-14; North Park, Kalamazoo, 
1914-16; Zion Ref., Grand Rapids, 1918-19; Graafschap, Mich., 1919- 
20. 
Blom, Hermannus, b. Amsterdam, 1628; matriculated at Utrecht University, 
1647; at Leyden University, June 4, 1652, as a student of theology; 

Esopus, 1660-7, returned to Holland, Wonbrugge, Holland, 1667 

In 1657 he was a candidate and the Classis elected him to go in the navy 
with Mr. Tromp, and he was presented to the Admiralty Board; but the 
conditions offered were not acceptable to him. Letters from Domines 
Megapolensis and Drisius had excited deep interest in Holland concerning 
the destitution of the American churches (1659), but no settled pastor 
could be induced to leave his field. The Classis then urged Hermannus 
Blom, a candidate for the ministry, to come to the New World. He arrived 
in April, 1659, and as Esopus seemed most in need, he was sent thither. 
Before they had in that place only Comforters of the Sick, who read to 
them on the Sabbath days. He accordingly visited Esopus and preached 
two sermons. A church was at once organized, and he was called to become 
their pastor. He accepted the call, and sailed for Holland in September, 
1659, to submit to the final examination and receive ordination. On Feb. 
16, 1660, he returned, "ordained to preach on water and on the land, and 
in all the neighborhood, but specially at Esopus." In three years his church 
had grown from 16 to 60 members. At the Indian massacre at Wiltwyck, 
in 1663, he acted most bravely, helping to drive away the savages. — "Doc. 
Hist.," iii, 581; "Col. Hist.," ii, 223; "Letters in Ecc. Rec," N.Y. 
Bloodgood, Chas. Edward, b. Palenville, N.Y., Sept. 5, 1894. R.C. 1917. 

N.B.S. 1920. 1. by CI. Greene, 1920. Spotswood, N. J.. 1920 

Bloom, Walter Sax, b. Catskill, N. Y., Nov. 4, 1888. R.C. 1912. N.B.S. 
1915. 1. by CI. Green. Hawthorne, N. J., 1916-21 ; Passaic, N. J., 

North, 1921 

Blue, John H. Rec'd from Pres. 1915. Jersey City, Park Ch., 1916-17. 

Bluhm, Conrad, b. Cleveland, O., May 11, 1867; Colorado Univer. 95, U.S. 

97, ord. CI. Bergen; Hoboken, ist, 1897-1902. Presbyterian 
Publications : Several pamphlets. 
Bodine, Geo. D. W., b. Aug. 20, 1836, Seneca Co., N. Y.; R.C. 61, N.B.S. 

64, 1. CI. Geneva, Addisville, Pa., 64-8, Germantown, N. Y., 68-74, 

Bushnell, 74-79; d. 1880. See Manual, 1902. 
Boech. F. See Bosch, F.C.S. 



THE MINISTRY 257 

Boehme, John Philip, b. Hochstadt, Ger. ; baptized there Nov. 25, 1683; 
teacher at Worms, 1708-15, at Lambsheim, 1715-20; c. to America, 
1720; first Reader and subsequently Pastor at Falckner Swamp, Skip- 
pach and Whitemarsh, Pa., 1725-49; org. chs. at Conestoga, Lancaster 
Co., Pa., 1727; at Tulpehocken, 1727; also Pastor at Philadelphia, 
1734-48; org. ch. at Oley, Pa., 1736. Died 1740. 
Owing to the dearth of ministers in Pennsylvania, he assumed the office 
at the request of the people and administered the sacraments. When Ger- 
man ministers began to arrive, he sought correspondence with the Classis 
of Amsterdam, and was finally legally ordained in the name of the Classis, 
by the Dutch ministers in New York, Nov. 23, 1729. The correspondence 
and all the proceedings are entered in the "Minutes of the Collegiate 
Church," N. Y. C. Rev. Dr. T. W. Chambers made a translation of this 
material, and it was published in the "Mercersburg Review," October, 1876. 
The same documents, and many more pertaining to this matter, are found 
in full in the Ecc. Rec. N. Y. The Classis ratified all his acts done before 
ordination. He attended the first meeting of the Dutch Coetus in 1738. 
He was most active in organizing the scattered German settlers in Penn- 
sylvania into churches. He was one of the four ministers who organized 
the German Coetus in 1747. His life was very active and very useful. 
■'Van Home's Hist, of Ger. Ch., Philadelphia." Dr. Jas. I. Good pub- 
lished a sketch of his life — "Early Fathers of Refd. Ch.," 1897; and gave 
much material relating to him in his "Hist, of Refd. Ch. in U. S.," 1899. 
Boehrer, John, b. in Germany, 1828; c. to America, 1847; studied under 
Guldin and others ; lie. N. CI. L. I., 1854 ; laboring at Astoria and 
Newtown, 54-6; West Leyden, 56-62, Jeffersonville, Thumansville, and 
Milesville, 62-5, Naumberg and New Bremen, 68-74, Mina, 74-9, labor- 
ing for Am. Tract Soc, 79-86, Bufifalo, 87-97, w. c. d. Dec. 14, 1902. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1903, 514. 
Boel, Henricus (son of Tobias), b. Amsterdam, 1692; matriculated in 
Leyden University, Sept.« 17, 1712, for the study of theology; New 
York, 1713-54; d. June 2'^. Officiated also frequently in all the neigh- 
boring churches. 
He was the decided opponent of Frelinghuysen in his more evangelistic 
and revivalistic methods at Raritan. Domine Van Santvoord in his "Dia- 
logue between Candidus and Considerans," constantly refers to Boel, al- 
though not by name. Boel's brother, a lawyer, drew up the charges 
against Frelinghuysen for his evangelical preaching in a pamphlet of 150 
pages, called the "Klagte," or "Complaint." Domine Boel was of an 
irascible temper, and even encouraged the disaffected in Goetschius' con- 
gregation at Jamaica. Yet the judicious course and amiable spirit of his 
older colleague, Du Bois, prevented any collision between them as col- 
leagues. The obituary notice of Boel, July i, 1754, in the "New York 
Mercury," refers to his great learning, his orthodoxy, and his ability in 
controversy. It also adds that he was a tender and affectionate parent, and 
a generous and charitable friend of the poor. "Ecc. Rec, N. Y." "Doc. 
Hist. N. Y.," iii, 576; "Eng. Mints. Ch. N. Y. Lib. B.," 43; "Collegiate 
Ch. Year-Book," 1883, 66. The dates in the obituary notice are not quite 
consistent. He had been pastor for forty-two years, and not thirty-seven, 
as there said. The "Leyden Catalogue" also fixes his birth at 1692, and not 
1688. See also "Manual," of 1879. 

Boelen, Hermanns Lancelot, Jamaica, Newtown, Oyster Bay, and Success, 
1766-72, Oyster Bay and Newtown, 1772-80. 
He was a Tory in the Revolution, and in 1780 returned to Holland. His 
warm prayers for the King exasperated the Whigs. He was a widower, 
accompanied by his daughter, and his language is said to have been too 
pure and high-flown for the people. He was of small stature, but had a 
stcntorion voice. He did not attend the meeting for union in 1771, although 
earnestly exhorted to come by Dr. Livingston. — "Mints. Ch. N. Y., Lib. B.," 
386, Eng. translation. 



258 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Boer, Henry K., b. Dalfsen, Neths., Aug. 12, 1845; H.C. 70, W.S. "JZ, lie. 
CI. Holland ; ord. by CI. Grand River, 74, Apr. 8, as Miss. Pastor ; De- 
troit and South Haven, 74-6, Buffalo and Dunkirk, 76-9, Albany (Hoi.), 
79-85, Maurice, la., 85-90, Coopersville, Mich., 90-2, Grand Rapids, 
9th, 92-5, Hamilton, Mich., 95-1900, Chicago (N. W. ch.), 1900-1902. 
Otley, la., 1902-05; Portage, Mich., 1905-09; Agent, Holland Benevo- 
lent Ass. S.S. Sioux City, la., 1915-16. d. Oct. 16, 1919. See Min. 
Gen. Syn., 1920, 274. 
Boer, Nicholas (neph. of H. K. Boer), b. Drenthe, Mich., Mar. 21, 1872; 
H.C. 97, W.S. 1900, 1. CI. Holland; Jamestown, 2d (Mich.), 1900-1903; 
Bethany, Grand Rapids, 1903-07; Chicago, ist, 1907-09; Passaic, ist 

(Hoi.), 1909-15; Jamestown, ist, 1916-18, Grand Rapids, 3rd, 1918 

Boetcher, Wm. H. J. Brooklyn (Ger. Am. Refd.), 1898-1901. Presby- 
terian. 
Boeve, Lucas, b. Newkirk, la., Feb. 9, 1876. H.C. 1903. N.B.S. 1906. L 
by CI. of N.B. Lebanon, N. J., 1906-10; North Ch., Newark Ass., 

1910-14; Tarrytown, 2nd, 1914 • 

Bogardus, Cornelius, b. Sept. 25, 1780; studied theol. under Livingston, 1. 

CI. N. Y., 1808; Schenectady, 1808-12; d. Dec. 13. 
Bogardus, Cornelius (nephew of Cornelius Bogardus, above), b. at Fish- 
kill, 1785; U.C. 1816, N.B.S. 18, 1. CI. N.B.; Miss, to Madison and 
Warren Cos., N. Y., 18-20, Beaverdam, 21-5, Wynantskill, 26-32, Boght, 
34-8, Gilboa and Conesville, 38-43 supplied Blenheim 1834, a teacher, 
43-54. d. He published a treatise on the Mode of Baptism, 1821. 
Bogardus, Everardus, b.'Woerden, (near Utrecht), 1607; matriculated in 
Leyden University, July 17, 1627, for the study of letters; Comforter 
of the Sick in Guinea, 16- — 1632; ord. by CI. of Amsterdam, June 14, 
1632; New Amsterdam, 1633-47, resigned July 22. Sailed for Holland 
Aug. 16 on "The Princess." Drowned Sept. 27, 1647. 
In the "Minutes of tlie Synod of North Holland," at Alckmaar, Aug. 
17, seq., 1632, in the list of "Ministerial Changes" of the Classis of Amster- 
dam, we find, under the head of "Entered" : "Everardus Bogardus, sent to 
New Netherland ; Conrad Cleverus, sent to Pharnabruck." 

For a long time Bogardus was thought to have been the first minister in 
New Netherlands, but see Michaelius. He arrived with Governor Van 
Twiller, in April, 1633, accompanied by Adam Roelandsen, a school master. 
The people of New Amsterdam had worshipped in a loft since 1626; but this 
was now replaced by a plain wooden building like a barn, situated near the 
East River, in what is now Broad street, between Pearl and Bridge. Near- 
by a parsonage was also provided. Van Twiller's government was not 
what it ought to have been, and he received a severe reprimand from Bo- 
gardus, who styled him "a child of the devil," and threatened him with 
such a shake from the pulpit on the following Sabbath as would make him 
shudder. This coarse and unbecoming conduct was afterward charged 
against him. 

As. early as 1638, Bogardus wished to go to Holland to answer Van 
Dincklagen's charges against him, but he could not be spared. He had a 
daughter married in 1642, which event, after several rounds of drink, was 
seized by the Governor as a fit opportunity to secure subscriptions for a 
new church building. Many of the subscriptions were bitterly repented 
afterward, but withoirt avail. The domine protested against Kieft's mur- 
derous slaughter of the neighboring Indians in 1643; and two years later, 
when Kieft refused the right of appeal to the fatherland, the domine boldly 
denounced him from the pulpit, standing as he did on the side of the 
people's rights. Kieft had before this charged the domine with drunkenness 
and siding with the malcontents. The Governor and many of the officers 
now remained away from church services and excited parties to drum and 
shout during service. At last Kieft cited Bogardus for trial and matters 
grew worse and worse till mutual friends interfered. After the arrival of 



THE MINISTRY 259 

Governor Stuyvesant to supersede Kieft, in July, 1647, both Kieft, with a 

large fortune, and Bogardus sailed in the same vessel to Europe to give an 

account to their superiors (Aug. 16, 1647). But by mistake they got into 

Bristol Channel and were wrecked off the coast of Wales and both were 

lost. Out of one hundred lives, only twenty were saved. 

In 1638 Bogardus had married Anneke Jans, widow of Roeloff Jans. 

From her first husband she inherited the farm which later (1705) became the 

property of Trinity Church and the foundation of that church's wealth. 

Mrs. Bogardus, after her husband's death returned to her former home at 

Beverwyck (Albany), where she died in 1663. Bogardus is the Latinized 

form of Bogart. Domine Bogardus' descendants are numerous. 
For fuller sketch and list of Authorities, see Manual, 1902. 

Bogardus, Francis M. (s. of Cor. Bogardus, No. 2), b. Boght, N. Y., April 
19, 1836, R.C. 60, N.B.S. 63. 1. by CI. L.L; Greetibush, 63-9; Westerlo^ 
69-72; Mohawk, 72-6; (Brookfield, Ct., 77-80) ; Palisades, 80-8; Bloorii- 
ingdale and St. Remy, 88-90 ; Cortlandtown, 90-5 ; d. Feb. 20, 1918. 
See Min. Gen. Syn. 1918, 599. 

Bogardus. Henry James, b. Fishkill Landing, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1858; R.C. 
78, N.B.S. 81, lie. by CI. Westchester; grad. of N. Y. University Col- 
lege of Medicine, 1883, intending to go as a missionary; but finaUy 
settled down to the practice of medicine in this country. 

Bogardus, Nanning. Helderbergh, 1830-3, Fort Plain, 34-5, S.S. at Platte- 
kill ; Woodstock, 38-42, Sharon, 46-8, Westerlo, 49-50, Gallupville, 52-6, 
Stone Arabia, 57-8, S.S. Canastota, 58-9, S.S. Spraker's Basin, 6i-6^ 
d. 1868. 

Bogardus, Wm. E., son of Cor. Bogardus, No. 2, b. Cohoes, N. Y., June, 
1834; R.C. 60, N.B.S. 63. 1. N. CI. L. L; Middleburgh (S.S.), 63-4, 
Unionville and Greenburgh, 64-7, supplied Stuyvesant Falls, 67-8, Miss^ 
to Norris, 111., 68-9, Cuddebackville, 70-4, Saddle River, 74-84, Oak- 
land, 84-8 (Pleasant Plains, Presbyt., 88-90), Fairfield, 90-2, Brook- 
dale, 1892-1908; d. Jan. 5. Min. Gen. Syn., 1908, 228. 
Publications: "Hist. Refd. Ch. Brookdale, N. J.," 1901. 

Bogardus, Wm. R. (cousin of Cor. Bogardus, No. 2), b. 1792, U.C. 181 j, 
N.B.S. 16, 1. CI. N.B.; New PaUz and New Hurley, 17-28, New 
Paltz, 28-31, Aquackanonck, 31-56, resigned, d. 1862. 
He was an eminent servant of Christ in the van guard of progress and in 

successful labor abundant. See Manual, 1902. D.D. 

Bogart, David Schuyler, b. in N.Y.C. 1770; C.C. 1790, studied theol. under 
Livingston, 1. by Synod of R.D. Churches, 1792; Miss, along the Hud- 
son and to the North, as far as St. Croix, 1792, Albany, as an assistant, 
1792-6 (Southampton, L. I., Presbyt.), 1796-1806, Bloomingdale, 1806-7 
(Southampton again), 1807-13, Success and Oyster Bay, 1813-26, d. 
1839. 
He was a man of intellectual ability which was improved by ^study. 

Through his writings for the press his influence was widely extended*. See 

Manual, 1902. 

Bogcrt, Nic. I. M., b. June 30, 1842. R.C. 1864, N.B.S. 67. 1. CI. N.Y. ; 
Metuchen, 67-70, w. c. (White Haven, Pa., Presbyt. 76-81, Bellport, 
L. I., 81-4), Clover Hill, 84-96, Woodlawn Chapel, Brooklyn,; 1900- 
. 1902. Supplying churches. 

Bogert, Samuel, b. 1783. C.C. i8ai. Studied under Frocligh, 1. 1804, d. 
1868. Never ordained. ' 

Boggis, Henry, Highlands, N. J., 1887-9, Woodstock, N. Y., 91-5. 

Bohler, Jacob, b. July 5. 1863, Bern, Switzerland. Mission House Col. 
1888. Mission House Seni. 1891 ; 1. by CI. Missouri. (Rockville, 
Mo., 1891-1899; Belden, Neb., 1899-1904; Ref. Ch. U.S.). Delaware, 

. S. D., 1904-08; Ref.-' Ch. U;S., Beklen, Nebr., 1908 . Stated Clerk 

' CI. Missuori, Ref. Ch. U.S. ; Treasurer CL of Nebraska, Ref. Ch. U.^. 

Boice, Ira Condict, b. in Piscata way township, Middlesex Co., N. J., JuQe 



26q the reformed church in AMERICA 

28, 1803; D.C. 23, N.B.S. 26, I. CI. N.B.; Salem and Union, 26-9, Ber- 
gen Neck, 29-44, Claverack, 44-59, North Hempstead, 59-70, d. 1872, 
Oct. 5. See Manual, 1902. 
Bolks, Seine, b. near Linden, Overyssel, Holland, April 30, 1814. Studied 
under Van Raalte ; Hellendoorn, Holland, 1834-47; c. to America; 
Overyssel, 48-53, Grand Haven, 53-5, Milwaukee, 55-61, Chicago ist, 
61-2, High and Low Prairie, 62-5, Zeeland, 65-71, Orange City, 71-8, 
Emeritus, d. June 16, 1894. 
His life covered the period of the five pioneer pastors and leaders who 
in 1846-7 led the exodus of Hollanders to the West. In his boyhood he had 
witnessed the successful struggle for the establishment of a free church in 
the Netherlands. His natural gifts and early consecration transformed 
the shepherd boy into a minister of Christ. The urgency of the times per- 
mitted but a few months of preparation. In large measure he attributed to 
Van Raalte, his instructor, the molding of his character and the shaping of 
his future course. On their way to Michigan he and his companions passed 
the winter of 1847-8 in Syracuse. Upon reaching his destination they set- 
tled the town of Overyssel, Mich. He was a wise and safe counselor to 
liis people in their temporal affairs as well as in their religious life. He 
advocated the union of the new immigrants with the Reformed (Dutch) 
Church, to which he was always faithfully devoted. His preaching was 
markedly evangelical and large blessings attended his labors everywhere. 
He was intimately acquainted with every member of his flock. He was a 
tnan of prayer, of strong^faith and of commanding presence. His ministry 
lasted nearly sixty years. He was the last survivor of the originar pioneer 
ministers of the Holland emigration of 1846-7. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1895, 
207. 

Bollenbacher, Jacob, b. at Kirschroth, Germany, July 25, 1847, c. to Ameri- 
ca, 68, engaged in Sunday-school work, 68-77. Studied for the minis- 
try at Franklin, Wis.; ord. by Ger. Ref. Ch., 79. (Ger. Ref. Chs. 
79-1893.) Hope Ch. at George, Lyon Co., Iowa, March, 93; died Nov. 
17, 1893. 
Bolster, Frelon Eugene, b. Portland, Maine, March 30. 1873. A.C. 1896. 
Yale Divinity Sch. 1896, interrupted by sickness. U.T.S. 1911. 1. by 
Cong. Ministerial Ass. of Windham Co., Conn., 1900; (Cong-Mission- 
ary Work, Conn, and Maine, 1899-1902; Sheffield, Mass., 1902-06; 
Westbrook, Maine, 1907-09; Ass., Clinton Ave. Cong., Brooklyn, N. Y., 
1911-12) ; Manor Chapel, N. Y., 1915-21. (Pres. Port Chester, N. Y., 

1921 ) 

Bolsterle, George Steele, b. Lebanon, N. J., Sept. 13, 1876. R.C. in Class 
of 1909, N.B.S. 1909. 1. by CI. Newark 1909. West Leyden, 1909-11; 
Wyantskill, 1911-13; Anderson Memorial, N. Y. C, 1913-16; West 
Farm, N. Y. C. (S.S.) 1916-1917. (Pres. Charlton St. Memorial, N. Y. 

C, 1917-20) ; Astoria, L. I., 1920 

Bolton, Jas., b. Doe Run, Pa., Dec. 26, 1826; U.C. 51. U.S. 53, 1- Presb. of 

Brooklyn ; Fordham, 56-65, Colt's Neck, 65-78, Greenville, 82-4, West 

Farms, 84-8, Lodi, 2d, 88-90, Stanton, 90-5, w. c. d. 1905, Oct. 4. See 

Min. Gen. Syn., 1906, 597. 

Bombin, John, b. Allcnstein, Ger., Jan. 7, 1858 ; University of Koenigs- 

berg; N.B.S. 91, lie. by CI. N. Y. ; ord. by CI. Bergen, 91; Hacken- 

sack, 3d (Ger.), 1891-1912. 

Bondct, Daniel, b. 1654, French Ref. Boston and Worcester, 1686-95, also 

Miss, to the Indians at New Oxford, Mass., 1689-95, New Rochelle. 

1696-1709, visited England and received Episc. ordination. New Rochelle 

again, 1709-22. Also Miss, to the Mohegans, 1716-22, died. 

He had fifty Indian communicants. Col. Heathcote says : "He is a good 

«nan and preaches very intelligibly in English, which language he uses every 

third Sabbath, when he avails himself of the Liturgy. He has done a great 

deal of service since his arrival in this country. His pay is only £30 per 



THE MINISTRY 



261 



year." "Doc. Hist. N. Y.," iii. ^7, 84, 560-573; "Col. Hist. N. Y.," v. 326^ 

354. "Collections of Huguenot Soc," Vol. i. 

Bonnell, Seth, U.C. 1835; Glcnvillc, ist, 1835-8. d. 

Bonney, Peres B., b. Bound Brook, N. J., June 18, 1838. R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 
1861 ; became Presbyterian. Died May 29, 1877. 

Bonrepos, David, French Ref. New Rochelle, 1688-96, supplied New Paltz. 
occasionally, 1696-1700, Fresh Kill, Staten Island, 1696-1717, died 1734- 
See "Van Pelt's Hist. Sermon and Baird's Daille," 96; also "Collec- 
tions of Huguenot Soc." 

Bonte, George William, b. Ostfriestand, Germany, 1883. H.C. 1913. W.S. 
1917. 1. by CI. P.P. 1917. Washington, Ackley, la., 1907 

Boocook, William Henry, b. Sept. 21, 1863, at Birmingham, England; 
R.C. 85, N.B.S. 88, 1. S. CI. L. I.; Flatbush, Grace Chapel, 86-99, Bay- 
onne ist, 1899-1909. (Presbyterian, Buffalo, ist, 1909-1921). Direc- 
tor of Religious Education for the Presbytery of Buffalo, 1921 . 

D.D. 

Bookstaver, A. Augustus, b. Montgomery. N. Y., Nov. 22. 1842. R.C. 
1866, N.B.S. 69. 1. CI. Orange; Glenville, 2d, 1870-1. Chaplain U.S.N. 
1872, w. c. d. April 24, 1905. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1905. 274. 

Bookstaver. Jacob, b. at Montgomery, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1817; R.C. y], N.B.S. 
40, 1. CI. Orange; Minisink, 41-7, Teachr at Belleville, 47-8, d. Dec. 
II. See "Manual," 1879. 

Boone, Ilsley, b. Brooklyn, N. Y. (Brown Univ. 1904, Newton Theo. Insti- 
tute 1907. Ord. Boston North Ass. 1907). S.S. Ponds, 1921 

Publication : "The Conquering Christ," Associate Editor Chicago Stand- 
ard, Missions, etc. 

Boot, Harry Peter, b. Jan. 10, 1874, Fulton, 111. H.C. 1900, W.S. 1903- 
1. CI. of Wis., 1903. Missionary, China, 1903^ — . Mission Treasurer, 
seven years. Mission Secretary a year and a half. Prof. O.T. Exegesis 
and Theology in Amov Seminary. 

Booth, Eugene Samuel, b.'Aug. 16, 1850. at Trumbull, Ct. ; R.C.^ 76, N.B.S. 
79, ord. by CI. N.B., June 26, 79; Missionary in Japan 1879- — ; in 

charge of Ferris Seminary, Yokohoma, 1882 . Pastor Union Ch., 

Yokohoma, 1884-5, 1898-1907. 

Borden. Edmund W. From Presbyt. Ch. ; De Spelder, Mich., 1883-7. 

Borgers. Herman, b. in Netherlands, Nov. 13, 1844; H.C. 68, W.S. 'J2. He. 
CI. Holland; ord. Presbyt. Chippewa, -jz (S.S. North Bend, Wis., 
Presb. Nov., 72-^, Ap., pastor to Feb., 74) ; Cedar Grove, Wis., 74-81. 
Polkton. 1881-3, Greenleafton, 86-93. Oak Harbor, Wash.. 1903-05; 
also S.S. North Yakima, Wash., 1904. d. Feb. 15, 1917. See Min. Gen. 
Syn., 1917. 257. 

Bork, Christian, b. in Berlin, Prussia, March 11, 1758; stud, under Bassett, 

1. CI. Albany, 1795; Lawyersville and Sharon, 1796-8, Schodack and 

Bethlehem, 1798-1803, Union, Union Village and Schodack, 1804-8, 

Franklin St., N.Y.C., 1808-23, d. Sept. D.D. by C.C. 181 1. 

His baptismal name was George Christian Frederick. His father, an 

officer in the Prussian army, died of a wound received before his son 

Christian was born. He was religiously educated by his mother, and at the 

age of fourteen was confirmed in the Lutheran Church. 

When about 18 years of age he was pressed into the army and sent to 

America. He was among the troops of General Burgoync, surrendered at 

Saratoga in 1777. Afterward he taught school and .served in the Arncrican 

army. He was converted by hearing a sermon preached by Dr. Livingston 

in a barn on Livingston Manor. He became a minister of power. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Borst, John W., b. Middleburgh, N.Y. (?)■ R-C. 1861, N.B.S., d. 1864. 
May 3. 



262 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Bosch, Fred. C. S., b. Frankfort-on-Main, Germany, July 26, 1876. Bloom- 
field Academical Dept. ; N.B.S. 1901, 1. CI. N.B.; 1901, Chapin, Iowa, 
19CI-1905. (Cincinnati, Fairmount Pres. 1905-11.) Graduate Student 
Lane Sem. 1906-08. Pekin 2d, 111., 1911-13; Dumont, la., 1914-10. 
P.P. CI. Miss. 1916. Prof. Greek and German, Central College, Pella, 

• la., 1916-19. Prin. P.P. College, Meekin, 111., 1919 . M.A. Univ. 

Cincinnati, 1909. 
Bosch, G. J. H.C. '05. W.S. 1908. 1. by CI. Iowa. Lafayette, Ind., 1908-09. 
Newton, Erie, 111., 1909-12; Grand Rapids, 4th, 1912-15; Steen, Minn., 
1915-21 ; Christian Reformed Church, 1921. 
Bosshart, John G., b. Switzerland, July 5, 1874. University Education, 
Seminary Ref. Ch. in Switzerland. 1. by CI. of West N. Y. Ref. 
Ch. U.S. (Ref. Ch. U.S., Ridgeway, Pa., N.Y.C., Sanford, Ky.). Far 

Rockaway, Ger. Evan., 1916-18. Newtown, Ger., 1918 . 

Boughton, Chas. M. Tyre (S.S.), 1905-22. 

Bouma, Hessel, b. Oct. 6, 1884, Harlingen, Neth. Calvin C, 1912. Ch. 
Ref. Sem. Grand Rapids, McCormick, P.S. 1. by Pres. Chicago 1915. 
(Fairgrove, Pres. 1915-18). P.G., P.S., 1918-19. Paterson (Hoi.) 

1st, 1919 

Bouma, Peter A. J., b. Neth., July 14, 1862, Kamplin, Neth. W.S. 1890, 1. 
CI. Holland, Grandville, Mich., 90-2, Grand Rapids, 4th, 91-4, Boyden, 
94-8, Chicago (Gano), 1898-1903; Morrison, 111., Ebenezer, 1903-08; 
Pella, 3d, 1908-11; Holland, 4th, 1911-13; Hull. 1914-19; Muskegon, 

5th, 1919 

Bourne, Geo. b. 1780, at Westbury, England; Homerton Sem., London, 
1804, lie. 1804, settled in Virginia and Maryland, 1804-.., Germantown, 
Pa., Presbyt., 18..-.., Principal of Academy at Sing Sing, and Pastor 
of Presbyt. Ch., 18..-.., Quebec, Canada, Cong. Ch. 18.. -33 (S.S.), 
West Farms, 1839-42, d. 1845. 
He was an outspoken opponent of slavery and Romanism. 
He was a frequent contributor to periodicals and to the press ; was an 
author, and also secured the republication of many valuable works, editing 
them himself. His knowledge of books and of general literature was 
extensive. He died suddenly in the office of the "Christian Intelligencer," 
from heart disease. His principal publications are : "A Picture of Slav- 
ery," "Lectures on the Church of Christ" and "Illustrations of Popery." 
Bovenkerk, John, b. July 9, 1880, in Neth. Univ. of Chicago, 1907. W.T.S. 

1916. 1. by CI. Wis. Detroit, 1916-19, Muskegon, ist, 1919 

Publications "De Vragenbus" in DeHope. 
Boyce, Donald, b. Ellenville, N. Y., Nov. 6, 1892. Private study. In Lan- 
caster Sem., Ref. Ch. U.S. in Class of 1915. Also private theo. study 
because of impaired health. S.S. Westerlo, 1914-1916. 1. by CI. of 

Albany, 1916. Westerlo, 1916 . Clarksville, S.S., 1919 

Publications : Contributions to Int. and Leader. 
Boyd, Hugh M. U.C. 1813, Saratoga, 30-3, Schagticoke, 35-41, d. 1846. 
Boyd', John Campbell, b. Albany, N. Y.. March 2, 1836; C.N.J., 55. 
P.T.S. '63, Chaplain U.S.A. 64 (Lake George, 65 Pres.), Fonda 65-70 
(Valatie 72-8, Pres.), (Kingsboro, 78-83, Pres.), S.S. Auriesville and 
Samsonville 1883-99. d. Oct. 12, 1901. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1902, 197. 
Boyd, Joshua, b. Goshen, N. Y., March 10, 1785 ; U.C. 1814, studied theol- 
ogy with Dr. McDowell, of Elizabeth, N. J.; lie. Presbyt. Elizabeth, 
1826, Miss, to Roxbury and Middletown, N. Y., 26-7. to Herkimer and 
Fallsburgh, 27-8, Rotterdam, ist and 2nd, 28-36, Rotterdam, 2d, 36-40, 
Middleburgh, 40-42, Breakabin, Germantown, N. Y. 42-49; d. Nov. 
3, 1874. See "Manual of 1879." 
Boynton. Arthur Boardman, b. Auburndale, Mass., Nov. 7, 1884. A.C. 
' 1910, N.B.S. 13. 1. by CI. N.Y. 1913. Port Jervis, 2d, 1913-19- 

Y.M.C.A. War Work, 1918-1919; Mohawk, 1919 

Boyse, Gerard Smith. C.C. 1840, N.B.S. 1842-3. d. 



THE MINISTRY 263 

Boyse, Wm. Miss, to Woodstock and Ashoken, 1826-9, Woodstock, 29-37, 

d. 1853. — "Mag. R.D.C.," ii, 376. He published a small volume — 

"Writings and Letters, Religious, Historical and Pastoral," 1838. 

Braak. Peter. H.C. 1899. WS. 1902. Hope, Westfield, N.D., 1902-05; 

Grace, Grand Rapids, 1905-08; CI. Miss., Wisconsin, 1908-12; Chicago, 

West Side, 1912-16; Pella, 3d, 1916-1920; Lansing, III., 1920 

Braam, Leonard M. W.T.S. 1920. P.S. 1921. 1. by CI. Pella, 1920. Accord, 

N.Y., 1921 

Brace, Frederick R. Y.C. '57, Aub. S. '60. 1. CI. N.B. i860. 1861 Presbyt. 

Bracker, B. Presbyterian. Baileyville, 111., 1911-14. Pres. Marion, S.D., 

1914-16; Superintendent of Home Missions, South Dakota, 1916-19; 

Rudd, la., 1919-20. Retired, living at Denver, Colo., 1920 

Bradford, John M. (s. of Rev. Ebenezer, Bradford, of Danbury), b. May 
15, 1781, at Hanover, N. J.; Brown Univ., 1800, studied theology under 
Dr. Ashbel Green, of Philadelphia; lie. Presbyt. Philadelphia, 1803; 
tutor in C.N. J., 1803-4, Albany, 1805-20; died 1827, March 27. 
He was a man of fine appearance, dignified manners and was an eloquent 
and impressive preacher. Few men have been better fitted by natural en- 
dowments for the position of a public speaker. His voice was uncommonly 
melodious and his gesticulation dignified and graceful. His style was rich 
and yet chaste; and his sermons were compositions of a high order. For 
years he commanded large audiences and was reckoned among the distin- 
guished pulpit orators of the day. He was elected a trustee of Queen's 
C»ll. 1807. "Mag. R.D.C., i. 72. "Sketch in Sprague's Annals," by Dr. 
Matthews. "Johnson's Sketch of Ch. Albany," 28. 

Publications: "The School of the Prophets: A Sermon before Bd. 
Supts.," 1813. (This contains valuable historical notes on Phillip's Acad- 
emy, Dr. Mason's Sem., etc., with the important address of Gen. Syn., 
1807, to the churches.) Also a "Sermon on the Struggle of the Dutch for 
Emancipation," 1814, and "The Word of Life," 1817. Art. on Dr. Linn 
in "Sprague's Annals." 
Bradford, W. J. Lysander, 1849-55. 

Bradshaw, Archibald Harmon, b. Indianapohs, Ind., Aug. 18, 1870 ; 
Franklin Coll. Ind., 92; P.S. 95. Vermilye Chapel of N. Y. Collegiate 
Ch. 95-19C0, Assist. Pastor, 29th St. Ch., N. Y. C, 1900-03. Became 
Episcopalian. 
Braithwaite, Thomas S., b. England, 1865. East Keswick, England, 1889, 
Headingley, England, 1893. Ord. by Manhattan Cong. Ass. 1890. East 
Rockaway, L. I., 1890-98; Memorial Ch., Wantagh, L. I., 1899-1916). 
Lyonsville and Krumsville, N.Y., 1920-21. Chaplain of two Fire 
Departments. 
Branch, Henry, New Haven. 1869-72. 

Brandau, J. H.. b. Hessen, Nassau. Germany, Dubuque Col., la., 1907. 
Dubuque Sem., 1910. 1. by Pres. Waukon, 1910. Professor Dubuque 

Col., 1910-18. Rcc'd from Pres. Dumont, la., 1918 

Brandow, John Henry, b. Windham, N. Y., Sept. 20, 1853 ; R.C., 83, 
N.B.S. 86. 1. CI. Greene; Mohawk, 86-88 (Oneonta, N. Y., 88-95, 
Presbyt.), Schuylerville, N. Y., 1895-1905; Schoharie, 1905-08; Syn. 
Supt. P.S. Albany, 1908-21. d. Oct. 14. Member Bd. Superintendents 
N.B.S., Pres. P.S. A. 1906, Member Federal Council of Ch. Trustees 
N.Y. State Historical Society. 
Publications: "The Story of Old Saratoga," 1901. 2d Ed. 1920. Many 
articles for the Intelligencer. 

Mr. Brandow was a man of strong character and wisdom. 
Brandow, Melvin, b. Coxsackie, N. Y.. Sept. 12. 1863. R.C. '88. N.B.S. 
88-9. Meadville Sem. 1904. Unitarian, Lancaster, Pa., 1904-08; 
Plymouth, Mass., 1908-10. 
Publication : "The Steps of Life," 1907. 



264 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Brandt, Henry W. N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. N.B. 62; Miss, to Belgium, 62-65, 

Miss, in South Africa, 1865-1890. 
Brett, Cornelius (s. of P. M. Brett), b. in N. Y. C, Nov. 25, 1842; N.Y.U. 
62, N. B. S. 6s, 1. S. CI. L. I. ; Flatlands, 65-70, Newark, 2d, 70-73, 

Montgomery 73-76, Bergen, 1876-1918. P.Em. 1918 . d. Feb. 24, 

1922. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1893. Pres. Bd. Domestic Mission. Pres. Coun- 
cil of H.C. Pres. Society C.E. Chaplain 4th Regiment National 
Guards, Chaplain Society Colonial Wars of N. J. D.D. Ursinus C. 89. 
R.C. 1916. 
See Brick Ch. (Montgomery) Memorial, p. 82. 

Publications: "Address at Funeral of Rev. Dr. B. C. Taylor," 1881 ; 
"Sermons; at 50 Anniver. of Settlement of Dr. P. D. Van Cleef," 1900. 
"Contributions to the Press," "Add. at 150th Anniv. of Ch. of Montgomery, 
N. Y.," 1882. 

Brett, Philip Milledoler (grandson of Dr. Milledoler), b. in N.Y.C., 1818; 
R.C. 1834; N.B.S. 1838, 1. CI. N.Y. 1838; Nyack, 1838-42, St. Thomas, 
W.I., 1842-46, Mt. Pleasant, N. Y., 1846-51, Tompkinsville, 1851-60, d. 
D.D. by R.C. 1858. 
"He was a very successful and able minister, of an elevated tone of 
piety, of great consistency of character, universally beloved and respected 
both in his own congregation and out of it. He discovered a peculiar fond- 
ness for the great leading doctrines of grace, which formed a prominent 
staple of his discourses. Toward the close of his days there was a 
peculiar maturity and hsavenly mindedness about him which seemed to 
betoken his early departure. He had a clear, lucid mind and his ministra- 
tions were greatly blessed. His affectionate manner gave special power to 
his ministrations." 

His wife (a great grand-daughter of Domine Ritzema) became a victim 
to the yellow fever at St. Thomas. Dr. Brett received a second pressing 
invitation to settle again on that island, but declined. That people then re- 
quested him to print them, at their expense, a volume of his sermons. This 
he did under the title, "A Souvenir of a Three Years' Ministry in R.D.C. 
of St. Thomas," pp. 334. New York : 1856. He was also editor of the 
Staten Island Chronicle," 1856-8. Several other sermons of his are 
printed, among which we mention "The Mutual Responsibilities of Pastor 
and People" and "The Retrospect : Two Sermons," 1854, 1855. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Bridges, Thomas Reed. Rec'd from Pres. South Ch., N.Y.C., 1906-14. 

Became Episcopalian. 
Brinckerhoff, J. Howard, b. Jersey City, Feb. 4, 1883. R.C. 1905. N.B.S. 
1908. 1. by CI. S. Bergen, 1908. Herkimer, 1908-17; Brighton Heights, 

1917 

Brink, Henry Wells, b. Katsbaan, N. Y., July 3, 1875; R-C. 96, N.B.S. 
99, 1. CI. Ulster; West New Hempstead, 1899-1906; Shandaken and 
Shokan, 1906-14; West Hurley and Woodstock, 1914-19; Gardiner, 

1919 . S.C. CI. of Kingston. 

Brink, John W., b. Maurice, la., 1885. H.C. 1912. W.T.S. 1915. 1- by CI. 
Iowa, 1915. North Marion, N.D., 1915-19; Emmanuel, Springfield, 

S. D., 1919 

Brinkerhofif, Geo. G., b. at Closter, N. J., 1761 ; studied under Meyer, 
Romeyn and Froeligh, 1. by the Synod of D.R. Chs. 1788; Miss, to the 
north, 1789, Conewago, Pa., 1789-93, Kakeat and Ramapo, 1793-1806, 
Ramapo, 1806-7, Owasco, 1808-12. d. 1813, May 29. 
His congregation at Conewago was broken up by the almost total emi- 
gration of his people to Kentucky and the Genesee Country, N. Y., where 
his older brother settled in Cayuga Co., and whither he made a mission- 
ary tour in 1796. Many of his letters and documents came to his grand- 
son, John M. Brinkerhofif, of Moravia, N. Y. He was a constant corre- 
spondent of Van Harlingen, Froeligh, etc., 1786-1810. See "The Family of 
Joris D. Brinkerhofif: a Genealogy," 1887. See also "Manual of 1879." 



THE MINISTRY 265 

Brinkerhoff, Jas. G., b. 1796; studied under Froeligh, 1819; Montville, 
21-4, seceded, suspended (Montville, 24, English Neighborhood, 24, 
Montville, 25-8, Montville and Paramus, 28-30, Paramus and Clarks- 
town, 30-40, Paramus, 40-44, Mt. Morris, 1844-..). Died 1879. 
Brinkman, Benjamin F., b. Graasfschap, Mich., May 3, 1863. Ord. and 
served in U.P.C. W.T.S. 1906. Chicago. Englewood, 2d, 1906-10; 
Pella, 2d, 1911-17; Financial Agent, Central Col.; Cleveland, Calvary, 
1919-21. d. March 5. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1921, 637. 
Brock, John R., b. 1831, at Newbury, Vt. ; R.C. 59, N.B.S. 62. 1. CI. Passaic; 
West New Hempstead, 62-5, Spring Valley, 65-9, w. c. d. 1872, Aug. 7. 
Brock, T. S., b. Jan. 22, 1873. Wesleyan Univ. 1898. N.B.S. 190S— Meth- 
odist. 
Brocklos, Albert. Rec'd from Pres. 191 1. Ave B. Ger., N.Y.C., 1911-13; 

Dis. M.E. Ch., 1914. Dead. 
Brodhead, Jacob, b. at Marbletown, N. Y., May 14, 1782; U.C. 1801, tutor 
in U.C. 1802, studied theology under Froeligh and D. Romeyn, 1. CI. 
Albany, 1804; Rhinebeck Flats, 1804-9, New York, 1809-13. Philadel- 
phia, Crown St., 13-26, New York, Broome St., 26-37, Flatbush, Ulster 
Co., 37-41, Brooklyn, Central, 41-6, d. 1855, June 5. D.D. by Q.C. 181 1. 
Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1812. 
His ministry was more successful, it is thought, than that of any other 
minister in the annals of our church. During thirty-four years he received 
the average number of twenty-four persons annually into the church on 
profession of faith. Some of his churches were also new or feeble when 
he took charge of them. See "Commem. Ser. by Dr. Bethune" ; "Address 
by Dr. T. De Witt" ; "Sketches in Sprague's Annals by Drs. Bethune and 
Van Santvoord" and in "Gunn's Livingston," Ed. 1856, p. 391. "Van 
Santvoord's Discourses and Miscellanies," 1858. "Collegiate Ch. Year 
Book," 1892, 95. 

Publications: Several sermons of his were published: "Introductory," 
Philadelphia, 1813. "A Pha for the Poor," 1814; for the benefit of the 
Female Hospital Soc. "A Discourse on Education," 1831. An address 
at the interment of Rev. G. A. Kuypers, 1833, and a few others. "A New- 
Year Memorial"; sermon in Crown St. Ch., Philadelphia, 1826. A sermon 
before Gen. Synod, in "Mag. of Refd. D. Ch.," October, 1826. "Thanks- 
giving Sermon," in Broome St., N. Y. C, 1830. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Brodhead, Wm. H. S.S. at Woodside, 1880-2. 

Broek, Albertus Theodore, b. Coopersville, Mich., Jan. 7, 1878 (son of Rev. 
D. Broek). H.C. 1900. N.B.S. 1903. 1. by CI. Grand River. New- 
burgh, N. Y., 1903-08; Newark, Clinton Ave.. 1908-22, Mount Vernon, 

1922 . D.D. by Central Col. 1921. Pres. Bd. of Education. 1920. 

Publications: Sermons and Address. 50th anniversary of Clinton Ave. 
Ref. Ch., Newark. 

Broek, Dirk, b. in Netherlands, Feb. 5, 1835; R.C. 61, N.B.S. 64. 1. CI. 
Holland ; Graaf schap, 65-70. Saugatuck, 70-5, Cleveland, 75-6, Polkton, 
76-80, Holland, 3d, 80-8.' Detroit, 88-92, Grandville, 1892-1903. d. Nov. 
II. Member of Council of H.C, Bd. Sup. W.T.S. 
He was a man of faith, a careful and edifying preacher and a vigorous 
writer. He was a great friend of missions. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1904, 831. 

Publications: Many articles in "De Hope." On editorial staff of 
"De Hope," 1895-1903. 

Broek. John, b. Nieuw Leuzen, Overyssel, Neths., July 28, 1841 ; H.C. 68, 
W.S..71. 1. CI. Holland; ord. by same, "^2; Beaverdam, Mich., 72-84, 
Milwaukee, Wis.. 84-93, South Holland, 1893-1905. Muskegon, 3d, 
M'ch., 190S — — . Member of Council H.C, 1893-1905; Member Bd. 
Supt. W.T.S. 
Publications: Articles in "De Hope." 



266 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Broek, John Y., b. Cooperville, Mich., Sept. 13, 1880 (son of Rev. D. 
Broek). Alma C. 1903. N.B.S. 1906. 1. by CI. Grand River. Asbury 

Park, 1906-08; Plainfield, Trinity, 1908 . Pres. Bd. Trustees CI. 

Newark 1918— — . Member Bd. D.M. 1912 ; and Executive Com. 

1919. Member Advisory Com. N. J. C.E. Union. Member Ch. Ex., CI. 
Newark, 1910 — chairman 1912. 
Publications: "Hist. Grand Ave. Ref. Ch,, Asbury Park," 1907. "The 

Mission of the Ch," 1907. Several anniversary and other sermons. "Im- 
pressions Abroad" and "Memorial Address of Rev. Cornelius Schenck, 

Ph.D.," 1920. Many articles in press. 

Broekstra, Martin E., b. Neths., July 3, 1872. Theolog. School, Kampen, 
Neths. 1893; W.S. 1897, 1. CI. la.; Hull, la., 97-1900, Grand Rapids, 
7th, 1900-1905. Chicago, Englewood, ist, 1905-08; Morrison, III., 
Ebenezer, 1908-11; Jamestown, ist, 1911-14; Holland, 4th, 1914-18; 

Chicago, 1st, 1918- 

Publication : Weekly contributions to "De Hope." 

Broeffle, J. L. (or Preffle), Canajoharie, 1784-8, Schoharie, 1788-95; also 
Lawyersville, 1790-5; Beaverdam, 1789-95. 

Brokaw, Abram, b. 1761 ; Q.C. 1793, studied theol. under Livingston; 
Owasco, 1796-1808, Ovid, 1808-22, susp. ; seceded, d. 1846, July 17. 

Brokaw, Arthur P. (son of Rev. Isaac P. Brokaw), b. Jersey City, Sept. 
7, 1878. R.C. 1900. N.B.S. 1904. 1. by CI. Monmouth 1904. Miss, 
to Indians. Ass. Pastor, Colony, Okl. d. Sept. 2, 1905. Min. Gen. 
Syn., 1906, 598. 

Brokaw, Isaac P., b. at Mi'ddlebush, N. J., July 27, 1845; R.C. 66, N.B.S. 
69, 1. CI. N.B. ; Newark, East, 69-74, South Bergen, 74-9, Dec, Free- 
hold, 2d, Jan., 1879-1905. P.E. 1905-16. d. Aug. 19. D.D. by R.C. 
1891. Stated Clerk P.S. N.B. 1889-1914. 
He overcame weakness of body by Christian devotion. His spirit was 

gentle and cheerful and his influence for good profound. Min. Gen. Syn., 
1917, 253- 
Publications : Occasional sermons. 

Brokaw, Ralph Watson (brother of Isaac P. Brokaw). b. at Middlebush, 
Feb. 14, 1855; R.C. 74. N.B.S. 77, 1- CI. N.B.; Herkimer. 77-82, Belle- 
ville, 82-8 (Springfield, Mass. (Hope Cong. Ch.), 88-98, Utica, ist 

Presbyt.), 98 . S.T.D. Ham. Col., 1903. 

Publications: Sermons, articles in various periodicals, "Memorial of 

Rev. G. H. Griffin, of Springfield, Mass." 

Bronk. Robert, b. at Coxsackie, 1789; C.N.J. 1810, N.B.S. 13, 1. CI. N.B. ; 
Washington and Boght, 13-23, Washington (or West Troy), 23-34, d. 
1837. See "Manual," of 1879. 

Bronson, Asahel, b. 1794; ord. 1816; Wyantskill, 1833-6, Fairfield, 36-8, 
Easton, N. Y., 38-9, Amity, 40-2. Died 1882. 

Bronson, Oliver. U.C. 1845, Kinderhook, 54-7, Presbyt.; d. i860. 

Brook. See Broek. 

Brooks,- Jesse Wendell, b. Cheshire, Ct., Sept. 26, 1858; R.C. 81, U.S. 84; 
ord. by Cong. Manhattan Assoc, Oct. 28, 84 (Bay Shore, L. I., 84-7, 
Brooklyn, Stuyvesant Av., 87-8) ; East New York, 88-94, Irving Park, 
Chicago, 94-8, Sec Am. Tract Society, Chicago, 1898-1914. President 
Union Missionary Training Institute, Brooklyn, 1914-16. Again Sec. 
Am. Tract Society, Chicago, 1916-20. d. July 22. He was especially 
qualified for his work in the Tract Society. He was very successful 
and became widely known. Ph.D., N.Y.U., 1889. See M. G. S., 1921, 
629. 
Publications : Magazine and Review Articles. 

Brouwer, Jacob G.. b. North Holland. H.C. 1904. W.T.S. 1907. 1. by 
CI. Holland. Otley, la., 1907-10; Lynden, Wash., 1911-15; Grand- 
ville, Mich., 1916-19; Detroit, Mich., 1919-20; Grand Rapids, Imman- 
uel, 1920 



THE MINISTRY 267 

Brower, Cornelius, b. in N. Y. C, 1770; C.C. 1792, studied under Living- 
ston, I. CI. N.Y., 1793; Poughkeepsie and Stoutenburgh, 1794-1808, 
supplied Hyde Park, 1808-12, Prof, in High School at Utica, and S.S. 
at Frankfort, 15-33, supplied frequently Arcadia, Gorham, and Tyre, 
33-45; d. See Manual, 1902. 

Brower, Stephen H. Studied theol. under Livingston, 1. 1806; Greenwich, 
N. Y. C. (S.S.?), 1806-7. 

Brower, Thomas. Schenectady, 1715-28; d. 

Brown, C. 1840. 

Brown, Claude Norton, b. April 15, 1878, Barnerville, N. Y. Candidate 
C\. Schoharie, 1902-03. U.C. 1904. Became a school teacher, d. 
March 5, 1912. 

Brown, Ernest R., b. Woodbridge, N. J., Aug. 4, 1871. N.B.S. 1897-1900 
(Pres.). 

Brown, Frederic Adolphus Miller, b. N. Y. C, Sept. 27, 1835; U.C. i860; 
U.T.S. 1863 (ord. bv 3d Presbv. N. Y., May 15, 1864; Parsippany, N. 
J., 1863-6; Delhi, N. Y., 1866-82, Little Falls, N. Y., 1882-7) ; Pough- 
keepsie, 2d, N. Y., 1887-9 (New Haven, Ct., ist Presb., 1890 ), D.D. 

bv U.C, 1888. 

Brown, Henry J., 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1859; Miss, to Battle Creek, 1859-62; 
Episcopalian. 
Publications: Sermon on "Temperance in Relation to Current Events," 

1859. 

Brown, John Alexander, b. Newtownards, Co. Down, Ireland, Ap. 18, 
1865; New Windsor College, Md., 1893, P.S. 96, lie. by Presbyt. West 
Jersey (Presbyt., Williamstown, 96-99), Jersey City, Van Vorst Ch., 
1899-1905. Clifton, 1906-07, Grand Rapids, ist, 1907-18. War Work 
Council Special Lecturer. 1918-19. Gen. Sec. Y.M.C.A., E. St. Louis, 
111., 1919-20. Interchurch World Movement, Mgr. Service (Clayton, 
N. J., Pres., 1920). 
Publications: "Remarks at 50th Anniv. of Settlements of Dr. P. D. 

Van Cleef," 1900. Many articles for the press. 

Brown, Josiah J., b. Newark, N. J., Aug. 29, 1839. R.C. 60, N.B.S. 65-6. 
U.S. 66-8. Presbyterian. 

Brown. Samuel Robbins, D. D., b. at East Windsor, Conn., June 16, 1810; 
Y.C. 32, Columbia Sem. S.C. and U.S. 38. 1. by 3d Presbyt. N. Y. 38; 
also teacher in N. Y. Inst, for Deaf and Dumb, 34-8 ; Manager of the 
Morrison Chinese School for Boys, at Canton, China, 38-47 ; returned 
to America, Owasco Outlet, 51-9; Kanagawa, 59-63; Yokohoma, 
66-7, Miss, teacher and acting pastor of ist Refd. (Union) Ch. in Japan, 
62-7; supplying Owasco Outlet, 68-9; in charge of a government 
school in Nigata, 69-70; teaching and also translating the Scrip- 
tures at Yokohoma, 70 ; returned to America, July, 79 ; died at Munson, 
Mass., June 19, 1880. 
Dr. Brown was a pathfinder in three great enterprises of moment to the 

kingdom of God on earth. He was the pioneer of Christian education in 

China, of women's colleges in America, and of Christian and theological 

education in Japan. His mother was Phoebe Hinsdale Brown, author of 

the familiar hymn, written at East Ellington, Conn., in August, 1818: 

"I love to steal a while away 
From children and from care," 

and the future missionary was one of these "children," and then eight years 
old. 

He sailed, in 1838, in company with Dr. David Abeel, who was going 
out on his second voyage. Dr. Brown took hold of the school, continuing 
it with tact and ability, first at Canton and then at Hong Kong, until 
1847. when the failure of his wife's health compelled his return. He went 



268 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

through the trying experiences of the "opium war" of 1844, during which 
time his house was attacked by pirates and he received a sHght sword 
wound in the side at the hands of a Chinese ruffian, while his family 
saved their lives by hiding in the garden. When he came to America he 
brought with him three Chinese lads, one of them being the celebrated Yung 
Wing, who afterward was the means of having six score Chinese lads 
brought to the United States for instruction in American schools. There, 
at Monson, Mass., in 1848, in a house directly across the road from his old 
home, was the beginning of Chinese education in America. While in his 
native country Dr. Brown took charge of the academy at Rome, N. Y., and 
in 1851 accepted the call to become pastor of the Reformed Dutch Church 
at Owasco outlet. The parish was feeble and dependent, so the new pastor 
secured possession of a small farm, now Springside, and established a 
boarding school to aid in his support. His exceptional talent as a leader 
and organizer was soon manifested in a flourishing school and a growing 
independent church, so that a new edifice was built, which was dedicated 
July 27, 1855. Among his parishioners and friends were Miss Caroline 
Adriance, Miss Mary E. Kidder (later Mrs. Edward Rothsay Miller),, 
and Miss Maria Manion of the German Church (later Mrs. Guido F. 
Verbeck), names honored in the story of Japan's Christianization. It was 
natural, with such an example in his mother of eagerness for culture and 
ability to receive it, that Samuel R. Brown should be interested in the 
higher education of women. Soon he began, with other friends, to agitate 
the formation of a woman's college, which ultimately bore fruit in the 
"Elmira Female College, chartered by the Legislature, and the first insti- 
tution of its grade and name in America. Thus, with the work of the 
higher education of American women. Dr. Brown's name will always be 
honorably associated. He was one of the first trustees, and for several years 
one of the most active friends and promoters of this flourishing institution, 
the Elmira College. 

When the news of Commodore Perry's success in opening the Japanese 
Empire to diplomacy reached him, the old missionary fire burned up 
brightly, and he offered himself to the Board of Foreign Missions of the 
Reformed Church. Through Rev. Dr. Hawley, of Auburn, he discovered 
and attracted for a co-worker Guido F. Verbeck, a Hollander, just grad- 
uating from Auburn Seminary. After a voyage of 181 days he reached 
Japan and established himself at Kanagawa, and later at Yokohoma. He 
began, almost entirely without the aid of books, the mastery of the Jap- 
anese language, soon becoming fluent and in time one of the most correct, 
forceful, and agreeable speakers of this difficult, and, in many respects, 
remarkable language. 

Dr. Brown had the great gift of making the Bible incidents and narra- 
tives seem as though they were part of their native literature, yet, also, as 
if inspired by direct revelation from God. For several years he was a self- 
supporting missionary, because the government authorities needed inter- 
preters and wished Dr. Brown to organize and continue the school at Yoko- 
hama, in which he had the active and invaluable assistance of his daughters 
and also of Miss Mary Kidder and Miss Winn, his niece. In this school 
were educated scores of young men, who became prominent in the Mikado's 
Empire — merchants, doctors, lawyers, editors, reformers, ministers, and 
many who have left their ineffaceable mark, for the better, upon the moral 
and spiritual life of Japan. From the very first Dr. Brown was interested 
in the translation of the Bible and in theological education. He was thus 
one of the potent influences which led to the formation of the Meiji Gakuin, 
or hall of learning of the era of enlightened civilization, now in Tokyo, in 
the Theological Department of which so many young men have been edu- 
cated for the native ministry in Japan. 

Dr. Brown inherited something of his mother's poetical genius. He 
wrote occasional and fugitive poems, and composed the tune "Monson" for 



THE MINISTRY 269 

his mother's hymn, and the music for the poem "The Sister's Call," which 
he wrote after the death of his oldest sister. He was always attractive to 
the young, and of him the Japanese proverh is true. He had 

"The heart of the three-year child in the sage of sixty." 

Dr. Brown's first translations of the Bible perished in the flames at the 
burning, in 1867, of his house at Yokohama, when he lost all his effects, in- 
cluding books and papers. He then returned to America and his addresses 
were powerful and enlightening, stirring up great interest in the island em- 
pire of Japan, meanwhile serving as pastor at Owasco Outlet, in the church 
of his first love. Returning again in 1869 he began in earnest the transla- 
tion of the New Testament, which he lived to see finished, in revision, even 
to the last word of Revelation. Shortly after reaching Yokohama the gov- 
ernment invited him to take charge of a school at Niigata on the west coast 
and furnished him with an escort overland. The journey was one of great 
interest, but he returned, after a year, and at Yokohama acted as pastor 
of the Union Church on the Perry Treaty ground, kept on at translation 
and Bible exposition, and began a theological class, which he taughi in his 
own house. He took great interest in the formation and work of the 
Asiat'c Society of Japan, of which he was for some time the president. 
Not the least among the gifts arid graces of Dr. Brown were those which 
enabled him to disarm the hostility of natives toward missionaries and mis- 
sionary work, which is so often manifested toward people from Christian 
lands in the Far East; for native prejudices are often violently increased by 
the lack of tact on the part of certain missionaries who make their limita- 
tions very noticeable. Though never of a vigorous constitution, Dr. Brown, 
by wisdom and care and the assiduous devotion of his partner in life, was 
able to maintain good health. A year or two before he left Japan forever his 
infirmities began to be manifest, and, the local physicians giving little aid 
or encouragement, he returned home. After having twice traversed the 
globe, vis.t.ng his old home in Monson, Mass., on his way to Yale com- 
mencement, at the house of a friend he retired to rest, to wake no more on 
earth, and was buried, as he had always longed to be, beside his mother, in 
the cemetery and family lot only a few rods away from his old home. Two 
Japanese graves are near his own. His widow survived him until Sept. 3, 
1890. 

For a fuller sketch and list of his publications see Manual, 1902. 
Brown, Theodore Sedgwick, b. at Canaan, N. Y., Dec. 13, 1824; U.C. 44, 
P. S. 47, lie. . . . (Presb. New Concord and Canaan, 47-54. Plainfield 
(Crescent Av.), 54-67, Brooklyn, Memorial Presbyt., 67-74, Dunellen, 
74-80), Chatham, N. Y., 80-97; d. Jan. 14. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Brown, Walter Scott, b. at Kirkmichael, Scotland, Dec. 13, 1834; C.N.J. 
60, P.S. 63, 1. Presbyt. Hud.son, 63 ; City Miss. N.B., 63-4 (White Lake, 
N. Y., Presbyt., 64-7), Fallsburgh, 67-88, S.S. at Clarksville and Onis- 

quethaw, 88-91 (Sand Lake, Presb., 91 ) 

Publications: Art. on "Refd. Ch. Fallsburgh," in "Quinlan's Hist. Sul- 
livan Co." Also many articles for the press. 

Brown, Willard D., b. Seward, N. Y., Feb. 15, 1874. U.C. 1900. N.B.S. 
1903. 1. by CI. Schoharie, Middletown, N. J., 1903-05 Passaic, North, 
1905-20. GeH. Sec. Progress Campaign, 1920. Cor. Sec. Bd. of Edu- 
cation R.C.A., 1920 . Member Bd. of Publication. Agent for 

Progress Campaign P.S. N.B. 1919-20. Minister in charge Am. Ref. 
Ch., Hague, Hoi., 1914. Member Editorial Staff Mission Field, Intel- 
ligencer. D.D. by H.C. 1921. 
Publications : Many articles for the press, Progress Campaign and Bd. 
of Education. 



270 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Brownlee, F. L. Rec'd from Cong. 1915. Greenville, Scarsdale, N. Y., 1915- 

16. Dis. to Cong. 1916. 
Brownlee, James (nephew of Wm. C. Brownlee), b. at Falkirk, Scotland, 
Ap. 12, 1808; Glasgow University, 1826; studied theology under Dr. 
John Dick, lie. by Presbyt. of Kilmarnock, Scotland, 1832; home Mis- 
sionary in the Hebrides, 1832-4 came to America; Port Richmond, 

S. I., 1835-1890; pastor emeritus, 1890-5; d. Feb. 21. D.D. by 

He was pre-eminently a good minister of Jesus Christ. His pastorate of 
55 years at Port Richmond was singularly successful. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Disc, in R. P. D. C. at Port Richmond, S. I., on its 
2ooth Anniversary," 1865. An address on the 40th anniversary of his settle- 
ment at Port Richmond, 1875. 

Brownlee, Wm. Craig, b. in Scotland, 1783; University of Glasgow, 1808, 
1. by Presbyt. Stirling, Scotland, 1806? (Mt. Pleasant and Burgetts- 
town. Pa., Assoc. Refd., 1808-13, Philadelphia, Walnut St. Assoc. 
Scotch, 1813-16; rector of Academy at New Brunswick, 1816-17, Bas- 
kenridge, N. J., Presbyt., 1818-25), Prof, of Langs, in R.C., 1825-6, New 

York, 1826-48, emeritus; d. i860. D.D. by 

He was an able minister of the New Testament. Brought up amid the 
early religious training for which Scotch Presbyterians are so famous, he 
devoted himself in the morning of his life to the Lord. The strong, mascu- 
line theology of Paul, Calvin, Knox, which made Scotland what it was and 
is, became intertwined wijh his earliest thoughts and affections. In the 
pages of the Bible and in the volumes of the Covenanters and Puritans he 
found the principles of all science and the foundation of all true wisdom. 
He conned them over and over, early and late, until their principles be- 
came the law of his life. This fact is the key to all that was peculiar in 
his character; and whatever estimate may be formed of his character it is 
certain that in this way it received its distinctive impress. In all his prin- 
ciples, doctrines, and feelings he was a Covenanter of the strongest mould, 
and his earnest and honest soul clung to his principles as the shipwrecked 
sailor clings to the cliff. His preaching was strongly doctrinal and argu- 
mentative, and often exhaustive of the subject. His manner in the pulpit 
was earnest, dignified, and impressive. He never lowered its dignity by 
unworthy themes. He fed the people with knowledge and understanding, 
and crowds attended his ministrations. From a full soul, that had a rich 
experience of its power, he poured forth the truth as it is in Jesus; and, 
although utterly averse to the histrionic and tinsel of the pulpit, he was 
one of the most popular preachers of his day. 

For a fuller sketch and list of publications, see Manual, 1902. 
Bruce, Peter, b. New Castle, England, Feb. 20, 1864; Bible Normal School, 
Springfield, Mass., 93, N.B.S. 1900, 1. CI. N. Y.; lay assistant. Middle 
Collegiate Ch. N. Y. C, 93-7; Clover Hill, N. J., 1900-1904. (Pres. 

Spring Hill, Tenn., 1904 ). 

Bruce,- William Paterson, b. Mercersburg, Pa., Dec. 27, 1858; R.C. 84, 
U.T.S. 87, lie. Presbyt. N. Y. ; ord. by S. CI. Bergen, Jan. 12, 1887; 
Greenville, Jersey City, 1887-95, Yonkers, Park Hill, 1895-1917. Edi- 
tor of the Christian Intelligencer, 1917-20. d. Oct. 5, 1920. Member 
Board of Superintendents Am. Tract Soc, Am. Bible Society. Mem- 
ber Board of Foreign Mission. 1901 Pres. P.S. N.Y. 1912 Pres. Gen. 
Syn. D.D., H.C. 1912, R.C, 1914. 
Dr. Bruce was one of God's noblemen. He was genial and witty, but 
of solid character and consecrated purpose. Those who knew him best 
loved him most. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1921, 631. 

Publications : Arts, in "Homiletic Review," "Preachers' Magazine," 
"S.S. Times," "Christian Intelligencer." On joint committee for publication 
of the Hymnal of the Reformed Church. 
Bruen, Jas. M., b. Newark, N. J., 1818; University of Pa. 39, U.S. 42, 1. 3d 



THE MINISTRY 27I 

Presbyt. N. Y. (New Windsor, Presbyt.), 45-8, Irvington, 50-2. Died 
1881. For further details, see "Union Sem. Gen. Catalogue." 

Bruen, Matthias, b. at Newark, N. J., Ap. 11, 1793; C.C. 1812, Assoc. 
Refd. Sem., 1. CI. N. Y. 16; traveled in Europe with Dr. Mason, 16-18; 
ordained in London, 18, in order to preach in Paris; Paris, six months, 
18-19, Aliss. to Bleecker St. N. Y. C. Presbyt., 22-5, pastor, 25-9; d. 
Sept. 6, 1829. 
See Manual, 1902. 
"Life and Character of Bruen," N. Y., 1831. "Dr. Baird's Life," 103, 

167, 170. "Mag. R. D. C," iv, 224, 260. "Drake's Am. Biog." 
Publications : "Essays Descriptive of Scenes in Italy and France," 

Edinburgh, 1820. "A Sermon in Am. Chapel," Paris, 1818. "A Thanks- 
giving Ser.," 1822. "A Ser. Before Female Bible Soc," 1823. 

Bruggers, John Henry, b. in Netherlands. H.C. 1915. W.T.S. 1918. 1. 
by CI. Iowa, 1918. Y.M.C.A. War Service, France, 1918-19. Holland, 
6th, Mich., 1919 

Bruins. Berend, b. in Netherlands, Sept. 16, 1868. H.C. 1902. P.S. 1905. 
1. by CI. of Iowa, 1905. Bethlehem, Sully, la., 1905-07 ; Little Falls, N. 
J., 2nd, 1907-11; North Yakima, Wash., 1912-14. d. June i. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 239. 

Bruins, Henry Martin, b. Brandon, Wis., Feb. 20, 1873; H.C. 95, P.S. 98, 
post-grad, at Harvard Divinity School, 98-99; 1. by CI. Wisconsin, 
98; New College, Edinburgh, 1899-1900. Pekin, 111., 1901-1904. (Al- 
bert Lea, Minn. Presbyterian 1904-07). Milwaukee, Wis., 1907-17; 
Pella, la., 2nd, 1917 

Bruins, William Henry, b. Alto, Wis., Oct. 16, 1865; H.C. 90, McCor- 
mick Sem., Chicago, 93, 1. CI. Wisconsin ; Coopersville, Mich., 93-9. 
Marion, N. Y., 1900-1910. Presbyterian 1910 

Brummel, Jacob, b. New Groningen, Mich., Sept. 5, 1873; H.C. 97, W.S. 
1900, 1. CI. Holland; Grand View, S. Dak., 1901-1906. Monroe, Sand- 
ham Memorial, 1906-08. CI. Miss., Dakota, 1908 — . Roseland, Svea, 
Minn., 1910-16. 

Bruns, F. H., b. Vahlbruch, Germany, Feb. 22, 1874. LeMars Col. 1902. 
Ord. by United Evangelical Ch. 1902. Served in that body 1902-12. 
Ackley, la., Washington, 1912-15. d. April 29. Min. Gen. S3'n., 1915, 
609. 

Bruschweiler, F. Flatbush, 2d, 1891-2. 

Brush, Alfred H. (s. of Wm. Brush) ; R.C. 1862. N.B.S. 65. 1. CI. Rari- 
tan ; Shokan and Shandaken, 65-67, Nassau, 67-80, New Utrecht, 1880- 
1910. P.Em. 1910-11. d. April 30. D.D. by H.C, 1897. 1884-1911 
Member Bd. of Domestic Missions R.C. A. Pres. of the Bd. 1906-09. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 191 1, 253. 

Brush, John C, studied theol. under Livingston, 1. CI. N. Y., 1793; N. and 
S. Hampton, 1794-96 (Dutch Creek, Cross Roads, and Dover, Del., 
Presbvt.), 1796-18... "Mints. G.S.," i. p. 463. 

Brush. William, h. N.Y. City, May 23, 1809; R.C. 30, N.B.S. '33, 1. CI. 
N. Y. ; Guilford, 34-51, Tarrytown, 51-52, Bedminister, 52-65 supplying 
churches 65-69, S.S. South New Haven, Ct. (six months), 69, Ford- 
ham, 69-74, w. c. Died Mar. 15, 1898. 
He was very useful in the pastorate and during the years in which he 

was without charge devoted himself most earnestly to Christian and benevo- 
lent work. See Manual, 1902. 

Brush, Wm. W. (s. of Wm. Brush), b. at Guilford, N. Y., Sept. 25. 1843; 
R.C. 62. N.B.S. 66, lie. CI. Raritan ; Farmer Village, 66-8, Alarbletown, 
68-72, .Geneva, 72-8: d. Mar. 31, 1878. 

Bruske, A. F. Hope, Holland, S.S. 1912-16. Dead. 

Bryant. James P., b. Shekomcko, N. Y., March 25, 1839. U.C. 1870. U.S. 
1873. (Pres. Kondeabouac, Canada, 1873-4; Batchellerville, N. Y., 
1874-8; Galloway, N. Y., 1878-85; Rensselaerville, N. Y., 1899). S.S. 



272 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Westerlo, N. Y., 1902-06. Rec'd from Pres, 1906. Union and Westerlo, 

N. Y., 1906-08. Retired, d. June 18, 1920. 
He was a man of devotional spirit whose activity was hindered by ill 
health. See M.G.S., 1921, 628. 
Buck, Charles Duryea (son of Rev. Josiah Judson Buck, who served in the 

Presbyterian ministry for fifty years), b. at Knox, N. Y., Aug. 24, 1826; 

W.C. 45, Prin. of Clinton Academy, L. I., 45-47, U.S. 48-49, lie. Presb. 

of Columbia; ord. by CI. N. Y., May 14, 51, Peekskill, 51-70, Hoboken, 

1st, 70-74 (S.S.) Weehawken, Presb., 74-77, Middletown, N. J., 'j'j- 

1893; d. May 26. D.D. by R.C., 1883. 
He was forty-three years in the ministry of our church, and left behind 
him a record which those who knew him and those whom he served in his 
pastorates will continue to cherish with just and honorable pride. "Mints. 
Gen. Syn.," 1894, 207. Manual, 1902. 

Publications : "Address Before Military Companies," Peekskill, July 
5, 1858. "Village and Vicinity of Peekskill," i860. "Thanksgiving Disc," 
1863. "Add. Before Westchester Co. Bible Soc," 1863. "Reports of West- 
chester Co. Bible Soc," 1863-70. "God's Presence in the Universe of 
Souls," "Nat. Preacher," July, 1864. "Sermon on the Use of a Little 
Wine," 1869. "Address, Centenl's Celebration at Peekskill," July 4, 1876. 
"Two Hundred Years ago; Thanksgiving Disc," 1879. "He Descended 
Into Hell," "Cath. Presbyt.," Mar., 1880. Arts, for press and poems. 
Buckelew, Wm. Dey, b. New Brunswick, N. J., June 14, 1825 ; R.C. 48, 

N.B.S. 51, 1. CI. N.B.^; Currytown and Mapletown, 51-54, Athens, 54- 

59, Moresville and South Gilboa, 59-63, Blue Mountain, 63-70. Tyre, 

70-76, Westerlo, 76-79, Schoharie Mt., 79-89, Palisades, 89-93 ; d. Nov. 

15- . . . , . 

He was intensely conscientious, even in the smallest things. His principal 
characteristic was spiritual mindedness. He walked with God. See also 
"Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1894, 215. "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1894, 17. 
Buckham, Jas., 1841. 
Buckingham, M.S. S.S. Wynantskill, N. Y., 1915-17. Swedenborgian 

Church. 
Buckle, George. Rec'd from Pres. 1904. Clover Hill, N. J., 1904-07; 

Middleburgh, N. Y., 1907-10. Pres. 1910 . In business. D.D. 

Bulkley, Charles Henry Augustus, b. Charleston, S. C, Dec. 22, 1819; 
U.N.Y. 1839, U.T.S. 1839-42 (ord. by Presb. of Newark, N. J., Dec 17, 
1842; Presbyt., New Brunswick, N. J., 1842-3; Miss, at Janesville, 
Wis., 1843-5; Mt. Morris, N. Y., 1847-50) ; S.S. Ithaca, N. Y., 1850-2 
(S.S.) Winsted, Ct. (Cong.), 1853-8; S.S. Paterson, N. J., 1859-61; 
Chaplain, U.S. Army, 1861-3; Owego, N. Y., 1865-7; Chaplain, 
Y.M.C.A.. Brooklyn, N. Y., 1867-8; Malone, N. Y., 1868-75; Prof. 
Boston, Mass., 1875-6; Port Henry, N. Y., 1876-81 ; Prof. Howe Univ., 
Washington, D. C., 1881-90. w. c 1890-3; d. Feb. 2. D.D. by Howe 
Univ., 1880. 
Bulness, John C, b. Kristiansund, Norway. Received a thorough general 
and theological education in Norway. Amity Theological Sem., N. 
Y. C. Ord. by Baptist Church. Emmanuel Baptist Ch., N. Y. C, 1900- 

1906; Blooming Grove, N. Y., 1906 . Member of Society of 

Applied Science of Psychology. 
Bumstead, Samuel Andrews, b. in Boston, Mass., Dec. 16, 1798; Middle- 
bury Coll., Vt., 1823, P.S. 28, lie by Franklin Assoc, Mass. ; ord. as an 
evangelist by Congregationalists, Jan. 31, 28, S.S. Rhinebeck, 29-30; 
Manayunk, 31-35, Manayunk and Roxborough, 35-49, Roxborough, 49- 
53, Spring Lake, III., 53-61, Raritan, 111., 61-76, Norris, 111. (S.S.), 76, 
emeritus; (S.S.) Norris, 111., 1879-1890. Died 1894, March 22. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : "Address to Pastor and People," at Fairview, at instal- 
lation of Rev. Wm. Anderson. In "Ch. Int.," Oct. 16, 1856. 



THE MINISTRY 273 

Burggraff, J. J., b. Ostcrbierum, Neth. Educated in Netherlands. 1. by 
CI. G. R. 1914. North Blendon, Mich., 1914-20; Decatur, Mich., 
1920 

Burggraff, J. J. (Jr.). W.S. 1921. Williamson, N. Y.. 1921— — 

Burghardt. Peter H. U.C. 1840, West Farms, 52-55, Glenville, ist, 55-6i, 
Chaplain First Chasseurs, N.Y.V., 64-65. 

Buri. P., from Refd. Ch. of Berne, Switzerland, 1858. See "Mints. Gen. 
Syn.," 1859, p. 449. 

Burkart, John Jacob, b. Bremen, Ind., July 26, 1868. N.B.S. 1892. Chap- 
lain, City Prison, Baltimore, Md. 

Burner, Wm. Arthur, Jr., b. Newark, N. J., April 26, 1897. R.C. N.B.S. 
1921. 1. by CI. of Raritan, 1921. Hopewell, N. Y., 1921 . 

Burnham, I. P. S.S. Auriesville, N. Y., 1851-4. 

Burr, Marcus. N.B.S. 1862; Presbyt., 1863-73. Teaching. 

Burrcll, Albert C. (colored), b. Abbvville, Va., Dec. 14, 1866. Bluestone 
Acad. N.B.S. 1891. Baptist. 

Burrell. David Tames, b. at Mt. Pleasant, Pa., Aug. i, 1844; Y.C. (>•]. 
N.W. Th. Sem., 67-8, U.S. 68-70. lie. Presbyt. of N. Y., 70; ord. by 
Presbyt. of Chicago, 71, (Evangelist and Pastor, Presbyt. Ch., Chicago, 
71-6, Dubuque, la., 76-87, Westminster Ch., Minneapolis, Wis., 87-91) ; 

New York City, Collegiate Ch., 5th av. and 29th st., 1891 . Pres. 

World's Alliance of Ref. and Pres. Ch. Pres. Lord's Day Alliance of 
N. Y. Pres. Anti-Saloon League of N. Y. Pres. Gen. Svn., 1920. 
D.D. by Parsons College, 1883,'and Dubuque Col., 1918. LL.D., R.C, 
1916. 
Publication's: As.sociate Editor of several religious papers. Frequent 

contributions. "Hints and Helps" : 3 Vols., and 36 volumes of sermons. 

Burrill, George Henry, b. Newburyport, Mass., Oct. 18. 1856, Harv. Col. 
79, U.T.S. 81-4, lie. Middlesex South Assoc, Mass., 1884; ord. by same 
1884 (New Lebanon, N. Y. (Cong.), 84-92), Claverack, 1892-1905. 
Congregationalist 1905 

Burrows, Charles W., b. N. V. C, Aug. 30, 1859; lie by CI. Orange, Oct., 
88; Berea, N. Y., 88-91, Coeymans, N. Y., 1891-1908. Kinderhook, 
N. Y., 1908-14; Albany, 6th, 1914. d. May 28. Killed by an automo- 
bile. Min. Gen. Syn.. 1914, 239. 

Burroughs, Geo. W., 1854. 

Burtis. sec Alburtis. 

Burtiss, Arthur, b. in N. Y. C. 1807; C.C. and U.C. 27. P.S. and Aub. S. 
33, 1. Presb. Geneva (Buffalo. 33-5) ; Fort Plain, 3s (Oxford Presbyt.), 
35-40 (?). Teaching in Buffalo; Sec. Am. and For. Ch. Union, 59-63, 
Prof, of Greek Lang, in Aliami Universitv, 64-7; d. D.D. bv U.C, 
1850. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Bush. D. T., b. Jenison, Mich., May 21. 1883. H.C 1906. N.B.S. 1909. 
New Paltz, 1909-13; West Hoboken, ist, 1913-16. Pres. Lexington, 
2d. Kentucky, 1916— — . 

Butz. Hcnrv Anson, b. Middle Smithfield, Pa., Ap. 18, 1835; C.N.J. 58, 
N.B.S. 61 ; adjunct Prof. Greek and Heb., 1870, and Prof. N. T. Exe- 
gesis, Drew Theolog. Sem.; Pres. of Same, 1880 . D.D. bv C.N.J. 

1875; LL.D. by Dick. Coll.. 1885. 
PuRMC.ATiONS : "Epistle of Romans in Greek with Textual and Gram- 
matical References." "The New Life Dawning." 

Buurnna, Ale, b. Ferwerd, Neth.. 1841 ; H.C. 1866, H.S. 1869, lie. CI. 
Holland, 1869; Polkton, 1869-72, S. Holland. 111., 1872-8, Orange City, 
la., 1878-89, Grand Rapids, 5th, 1889-inoi. d. Dec. 5. 
He was a man of largo c'uiacity and enthusiasm for work and of strong 

convictions. He occupied a large place in the civil and religious life of the 

West. His service in Michigan and Iowa along religious and educational 



274 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

lines was most valuable. He was a leading member of the Bd. of Super- 
intendents of the W.T.S. and devoted much attention to the interests of the 
North Western Academy. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1902, 198. 

Cahoone, Wm., Jr., b. 1776; D.C. 1824, P.S. 1827; Miss, at Berne, 1828, 
Miss, at Stuyvesant, 1828-9, Hyde Park, 1829-33, Coxsackie, 1833-47, 
Fordham, 1847-8; d. 1849. See funeral ser. by Dr. John Knox, 1849. 

Caliandro, Anthony, b. Lecce, Italy, March 26, 1898. Royal Technical 
School, Italy. Bible Teachers' Training School, 1921 ; Missionary to 
Italians, 1918 . 1. by CI. Palisade, 1920. 

Calverley, Edwin Elliott, b. Philadelphia, Oct. 26, 1882. P. Univ. 1906. 
P.S. 1909. 1. by Presbytery of Philadelphia 1909. Rec'd from Pres- 
byterian 1909. Missionary to Arabia 1909 

Publication: The Arabian Readers' Primer, I, 1920; Primer, II, 1921. 

Cameron, Herbert Henry, b. Thurman, N. Y., Aug. 6, 1857. R.C. 1880, 
N.B.S. 80-2. Episcopalian, d. July 25, 1898. 

(Campbell, Alan D. (brother of W. H. Campbell), Miss, in Brooklyn, 1827. 
See "Memorial of Dr. Wm. H. Campbell," p. i.) 

Campbell, Alan Ditchfield (s. of W. H. Campbell), b. Albany, N. Y., 
Dec. I, 1843. R.C. 62, N.B.S. 68, 1. CI. N.B.; Athens, ist, 68-82, 
Castleton, 82-89, New Brunswick, Suydam St., 1890-1913. d. April i. 
Vedder Lecturer, 1889. D.D. Hope C. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1913, 894. 

Campbell, Charles Henry, b. Nov. 20, 1892, N.Y.C. C.C. N.Y., 1915. 
N.B.S. 1919. 1. by CI. N. Y. 1919. Wortendyke, Trinity 1919 

Campbell, D. G. Bloomingburgh, N. Y., 1909-11; Schodack Landing, N. 
Y., 1913. Left the ministry 1913. 

Campbell, D. Y., b. Va., July 12, 1877. Baptist. Student N.B.S., 1913. 

Campbell, Jas. Benj., b. Glasgow, Scotland, May 6, 1842; R.C; N.B.S. 
1870, 1. CI. Rensselaer; Chatham Village, 70-3. Lebanon, 73-6, Albany, 
3d, 76-82 (Batchellerville, N. Y., 82-5), Rhinebeck, 85-7, Long 
Branch, 87-90 (Lebanon, San Francisco, ist Presbyt. Ch Stock- 
ton, Cal Shawnee, Pa., 1890-1905). Currytown and Sprakers, 

1905-07; Raritan, 111., 1907-09; Port Jervis, 2d, 1909-11. d. Oct. 22. 
D.D. Franklin C, 1895. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1912, 556. 

Campbell, J. I. Rec'd Pres. 1904. Hastings, N. Y., 1904-05, Pres. 

Campbell, Jas. K., b. Scotland. From Refd. Pres. Ch. ; ordained as a Miss. 
Northern India, 1834; North Branch, 1838-54. 

Campbell, Wm. Henry, b. at Baltimore, Sept. 14, 1808; D.C. 28, P.S. 28-29, 
1. 2d Pres. N. Y., 31, Chittenango, 31-33, Prin. Erasmus HaU, L. I., 
33-39, East New York, 39-41, Albany, 3d, 41-48, Prin. Albany Academy, 
48-51, Prof. Oriental Lit. in New Brunswick Sem.. 51-63, also Prof. 
Bel. Let. Rutgers Col., 51-63, Prof, of Moral Phil., 62-63, President 
Rutgers College, and Prof. Bib. Lit., Moral Phil, and Ev. Christianity 
in R.C, 63-82, Suydam St., New Brunswick, 83-1890, d. Dec. 7. 
Elected a trustee of Rutgers College, Sept. 16, 1862. D.D. by U.C, 
1844. 
Dr. Campbell was of Scotch descent and in his youth thoroughly instructed 

in the doctrines of grace which he loved to proclaim throughout his entire 

life. Through the influence of Dr. T. M. Strong he entered the Reformed 

Church. He was successful in the pastorate but he was pre-eminently 

fitted for the office of teacher. 

In the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick his work was of the 

highest order. He drilled his students most thoroughly and taught them 

to do their own thinking. 

He also looked after the material interests of the Seminary and it was 



THE MINISTRY 275, 

chiefly through his influence that the funds for the erection of Hertzog Hall 

were secured. 

In 1863 the trustees of Rutgers College called him to the Presidency of 
that institution. Here all his varied talents were called into activity. 
When he assumed the Presidency the college was, in point of finances, 
equipments, and numbers very weak. At his resignation, nearly a score 
of years later, it had been developed beyond all anticipation in its instruc- 
tion, endowment, and buildings. More than half a million had been added 
to its funds. He left it in a high degree of prosperity. But, although now 
about seventy-four years old, he still yearned to do something for Christ. 
He began religious services in a destitute part of New Brunswick, which 
resulted in the organization of the Suydam Street Church. As a preacher 
he was clear and forcible; as a pastor tender and sympathetic; as an edu- 
cator thorough and broad, and as a Christian humble and devout. See 
"Biog. Diet, of N. J.," 1877. "Schaff-Hertzog Cyc." "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 
1891, 414. "Biog. Notices of Grads. and Officers of Rutgers College," 1891, 
3. "In Memory of," by Dr. David Murray and others, pp. 107, 1894. 
For a fuller sketch and list of his publications see Manual of 1902. 
Campfield, Robt. B., b. 1801 ; C.N.J. 24, Aub. S. 28, lie. Pres. Cayuga, 27 
(Caldwell, N. J., 28-9, Assist. Sec. Dom. Miss. Pres. Ch. (in Phila- 
delphia), 29-30, Agent, Am. S.S.U. 30-1, New Preston, Conn., Cong. 
31-4, Sec. Am. S.S.U., New York, 30-58) ; Sec. Sab. S. Bd. R.D.C. 58- 
62 (Financial Actor, Am. and For. Chr. Union, 62-72, traveled in Eu- 
rope, Egypt, and Palestine, ji-t,, preaching to the poor in Newark, JZ). 
In 1855 he wrote "Maria Cheesman ; or, The Candy Girl," pp. 158. 
Died Mar. 21, 1886. 
Cannon, Jas. Spencer, b. Jan. 28, 1766, in the Island of Curacao; studied 
under Froeligh and Livingston, 1. CI. Hackensack, 1796; Six Mile Run, 
and Millstone, 1796-1807, Six Mile Run, 1807-26, Instructor Ecc. 
Hist. 1818-19, Prof. Ecc. Hist. Ch. Gov. and Pastoral Theo. 1826-52; 
also Prof. Metaphysics -and the Philosophy of the Human Mind, in 
Rutgers Coll., 1826-52; d. Elected a trustee of Queen's Coll., 1800. 
Pres. Gen. Syn., 1813 and 1820. D.D. by U.C. 1819. 
He was a man peculiar in many respects, and calculated to attract atten- 
tion wherever he might be, even among a crowd of people. He was sys- 
tematic, regular, seasonable, steady, calm, moderate. He was, therefore, 
always beforehand with his work ; never hurried, or driven, or cornered ; 
never urged or goaded beyond his strength. His example may be turned 
to a good account by men of all occupations, but especially by students, 
and still more especially by theological students and ministers of the Gos- 
pel. — D.D. by R.C., 181 1, and U.C. 1819. See "New Brunswick Review," 
i, 100; "Evangelical Quarterly," ii, 115; "Biograph. Sketch," prefixed to 
his "Pastoral Theology"; Art. in "Sprague's Annals," by Dr. Proudfit; 
"Bibliotheca Sac," 1854, p. 420, "McClintock's Cyc.;" "Ch. Int.," Feb. 8, 
1852. "Dr. Demarest's Sketch, Centennial of Sem.," 442. 

For a fuller sketch and list of publications, see Manual, 1902. 
Cantine, James, b. Stone Ridge, Ulster Co., N. Y., March 3, 1861 ; U.C. 

83, N.B.S. 89, 1. CI. Kingston; Missionary in Arabia, 1889 . D.D. 

U.C, 1903. 
Carey, J. A. West R.D.C, New York City, 1851-2; d. Obit, in "Ch. 

Int.," Nov. 4, 1852. 

Carle. Jean. b. at Nimes, France ; engaged by the Consistory of the Walloon 

Church. Amsterdam, for service in New York; arrived July i"], 1754; 

installed Aug. 4 over French Ch.. Pastor, 1754-64; also stated supply 

at New Rochelle; Chaplain of French Hospital, London, 1764 — (1790?). 

The historian Smith says : "He bears an irreproachable character, is very 

intent upon his studies, preaches moderate Calvinism, and speaks with 

propriety, both of pronunciation and gesture." He was very zealous and 

energetic. The Register which he kept indicates a high sense of his re- 



2/6 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

sponsibility. He also administered the sacraments four times per year at 
New Rochelle, the dissident congregation of which place had become, since 
the death of Rev. Mr. Rose, 1750, a mere "annex" of the New York 
church. He won the esteem and love of the people, but his efforts to 
resuscitate the New York church were not successful. He, therefore, re- 
signed, May 23, 1763, but offered to remain if they would conform to the 
Church of England, but this the church would not do. He sailed on April 
17, 1764, for London. He was one of the original trustees of King's Col- 
lege. See "Doc. Hist.," N. Y. (4to ed.), iii, 315. "Collections of Hugue- 
not Soc," N. Y. 

Carle, John H., Q.C. 181 1, partly in N.B.S. 1814, I. Presbyt. Geneva; Mar- 
bletown, Hurley, 14-25, and Shokan also, 14-25 (Presbyt., 25-48), 
Mapletown and Curry town, 48-51. 
Carpentier, Casper, mentioned in 1657 in a letter of Megapolensis and 
Drisius to CI. Amsterdam. He was a brother-in-law of Jean Paul 
Jacques, commandant at Fort Casimir, Delaware. He died in 1684. 
See "Ecc. Rec," "Letters," Aug. 5, 1657, Oct. 10, 1688. This latter is 
quoted in "Murphy's Anthology," 108. "Doc. Hist.," N. Y., iii, 69-72. 
"Spottswood's Hist. Ser.," New Castle, 1859. Dr. Spottswood says, 
"In 1684 there died in this town a French clergyman, concerning whom 
we can learn nothing. It is presumed that he was one of the exiled 
Huguenots." Several additional documents about ministers of this 
name will be found in Ecc. Rec, N. Y. 
Carr, Wm. H., b. Kinderhook, N. Y., 1812; chaplain U.S.A. 1861-5. (Cen- 
treville. Green Co., TSI. Y., 1867-70, Presb.), Prattsville, 70-5, Sharon, 
75-7, Gallupville, 77-80. Died Aug. 7, 1890. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1891, 418. 
Carre, Ezechiel. Pastor of French Ch., Narragansett, R. I., 1687, perhaps 

Pastor in N. Y. C, 1673-78 (?). 
Carroll, Joseph Halstead (s. of Rev. D. L. Carroll), b. Brooklyn. N. Y., 
May 21, 1833; U.Pa. 51, P.S. 54, 1. Presbyt. Philadelphia (Jamesburg, 
N. J., 55-8, Aiken, S. C, 58-60, S.S. South Cong. Ch., New Haven, 
62-7), New Haven, 67-9, Brooklyn (Lee Av.), 69-71, East Brooklyn, 
73-6, Newburgh, 76-81 (Presbyt. Stillwater, Minn., 82-7; d. Jan. 7). 
D.D. by H.S.C., 1868. 
Publications : "Memorial of Gerard Hallock," 1866. "Letter to Dr. 
Leonard Bacon," 1866. 

Carroll, Vernon Bond. b. at Baltimore, Md., Jan. i, 1846; R.C. 68, N.B.S. 
71, lie. CI. L. I., Pottersville, 71-3, Chapel of Collegiate Ch., N. Y. C. 
(Seventh av. and 54th st.), ^2,-7 Warwick, 77-86 (Tenafly, N. J., 
Presbyt., 86-96, Amenia, N. Y., Presbyt., 86-96, Amenia, N. Y., Presbyt., 
1899. Died Dec. 18). 
See "Biog. Notices of Grads., R.C," 1900, 26. "Memorial Sermon by 
Prof. Jacob Cooper," 1900. 

Carruthers, Francis, b. Scotland, June, 1859. N.B.S. 1893-4. 
Carter, George William, b. Jan. 4, 1867, Rosario, Argentine, S.A. Wesleyan, 
Yale, 1892. Fellowship, Oxford 1894-5. Drew Sem. 1893. 1. by Con- 
ference of N. Y. M. E. Church, 1887. (M.E. pastorates, 1895-1907) 

Gen. Sec. Bible Society, 1907 . Brooklyn, Grace Ref., 1911-21. 

Ph.D. N.Y. Univ., 1900. 
Publications: Zoroastrianism in Judaism, 1918. Articles on authority 
and influence of Bible. 

Carter, Ray F. U.S. 1. by CI. N., L. I., 1904. Congregational. 
Carter, William. Rec'd from Pres. 1906. Madison Ave., N.Y.C., 1906-12. 

Pres. 1915. 
Case, Calvin, b. Danbury. Ct., March 16, 1821. R.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851. 
1. CI. Bergen, 1851 ; Grahamville, 1852-3. Day, 1855-7, Kiskatom, 1857- 
60, West Hurley, 1860-5. (Dresden Pres.). S.S. Krumville, Stuyves- 
ant Falls, 1865-73. d. Nov. 2, 1906. 



THE MINISTRY 277 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1907, 907. 
Case, Cliflford Philip, b. Jersey City, Oct. 22, 1873; R.C. 97, N.B.S. 1900, 
1. CI. Paramus; Associate Pastor West End Collegiate Ch., N. Y. C, 
Sept., 1900-Dec., 1901, Post Graduate U.S. 1900-01. Six Mile Rim, 
Jan., 1902-1907. Poughkeepsie, ist, 1907-20. d. March 7. Permanent 
Clerk Gen. Syn. 1916-20. Member Bd. D.M. War Service, Camp 
Merritt, 1917-18. Pension Com. R.C, 1918-20. D.D. H.C., iyi6. 
He was a son of the Ref. Ch. devoted to the Kingdom of Christ. 
"In a few years he fulfilled a long time." See Min. Gen. Syn., 1920, 280. 
Publications : "Southerly Line of Somerset Co. Before the Revolution," 
"Som. Hist. Quarterly. Retrospect and Prospect." Two sermons preached 
in Franklin Park, 1907. "Can the Particular Synod be Made Worth While." 
Address before P.S. N.Y., May, 1910. 

Caton, John Collings, b. Portland, Eng., Feb. 25, 1872; P.U. 95, Yale 
Div. Sch. 98 ; lie. by Cong. Assoc, New Haven, 97 ; ord. by CI. Scho- 
harie, 98; Lawyersville, 98-1901, Fonda, 1901-1904; 12th Brooklyn, 
1904-16; Paterson, Ch. of Covenant, 1916-20; West Hohoken, 
1920 . Y'.M.C.A. War Work 1918-19, France. Member Bd. Pub- 
lication, R.C. A. South Brooklyn Bd. of Trade. Vice-Pres. Armenian 
Relief, Paterson. 
Publications: Many contributions to the Press. 
Center, Samuel, b. 1794 at Hoosick, N. Y. ; Mid. C. 1819, N.B.S. 23, 1. CI. 
N.B., Miss, to Johnsborough and Chester, 23, Herkimer and German 
Flats, 24-6 (Morian and Northumberland Presbyt. ), 27-30, teaching in 
Class. School, Albany, 30-7, in Michigan University, 37-40, pastor also 
at Monroe, Mich., 37-40, Agent of For. Evang. Soc, 40-1, Prof, in 
Albany Academy, 41-.., in Angelica Academy, and Pastor at Angelica 
and Macedon Center, 18-.. 1859; d. See "Manual," 1879. 
Chadsey, H. T., b. Schenectady. U.C. 1877. Auburn S. 1881. (Presbyter- 
ian ). West New Hempstead, 1914-20; Presbyterian, 1921 

Chalker, Isaac. New Paltz, 176.. -176.. 

Chamberlain, Jacob, b. Sharon, Ct., Ap. 18, 1835; Western Reserve Coll. 
56, N.B.S. 59, lie. and ord. by CI. N. Y., May. 59. Missionary in India, 
Palmaner and Madanapalle, 1859-1908. d. March 2. M.D. by College 
of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y. C, 1859. D.D. by R.C. Western 
Reserve and Union College, all in 1878. LL.D. by H. C, 1900; same 
by West. Res. Coll., 1901. Pres. Gen. Syn.. 1878. 
In 1859 he sailed with his wife to join the Arcot Mission, India, of the 
Reformed Church. He acquired the Tamil language, expecting to work 
among the Tamil people, but Providence led to his transfer to a Telugu 
district as its first missionary. Acquiring that language, he spent most 
of his life working among the Telugus, with headquarters at Madanai)alle, 
150 miles inland from Madras. His work was threefold, evangelistic, 
medical, and literary. For a quarter of a century his evangelistic field, in 
which he was the only missionary, was as large as th'c state of Connecticut, 
and he was for many years the only physician in the same area. Before 
his visit home in 1874 over 30,000 patients had had his personal treatment. 
For many years he was chairman of a committee of all the missions labor- 
ing in the Telugu country for bringing out a new version of the Bible into 
the Telugu language, which is spoken by 18,000,000 people. 

Dr. Chamberlain took four furloughs, each one because of broken 
health. In his journey home in 1874 he spent four months in explorations 
in Egypt, Sinai, the Wilderness, and Palestine. Oh his return to India in 
1878 he spent two months in visiting Japan and China, studying the mis- 
sionary operations in those lands. In 1873 he was appointed Chairman. of 
Committee for bringing out a New Translation of the Old Testament 
from Hebrew in Telugu. In 1879 he was made Chairman of Committee 
for Revising the Telugu New Testament. In 1868 he established a hos- 
pital at Madanapalle, and another in 1872 at Palmaner. In 1878 he was 



278 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

elected Vice-President of the American Tract Society for India. He was 
directed by the Synod of 1886 to confer with the English Presbyterian 
societies on the subject of union of the native churches in India. The fifth 
Council (December, 1889) of the Presbyterian Alliance at Calcutta took 
measures to formulate a basis of union. 

The record of his life is a record of obstacles overcome by prayer and 
pain, and of great success in manifold forms of missionary endeavor. He 
was one of the world's great missionaries. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1908, 
229, and Manual, 1902. 

Publications : "Translations of Liturgy of Refd. Ch. in Telugu," 
Madras, 1873; 2d ed., 1885. "Hymns for Public and Social Worship, in 
Telugu," i2mo. ; Chris. Knowledge Soc. of Pres. of Madras, 1884; 2d ed., 
1886 (In all 3,000 copies). New Testament: Greek; Madras Athangeum, 
1869. "The Telugu People and their Language" : A paper before the 
American Oriental Society, New Haven, 1876. "Tract Work in India": 
Am. Tract Soc, 1876. "The Bible Tested": Am. Bible Soc, 1878; 4th ed., 
1885 (In all 21,000 copies). "Winding up a Horse; or. Christian Giving," 
1879; 2d ed., 1879 (5,000 copies). "Native Churches and Foreign Mis- 
sionary Societies": Bangalore Conference Report, Madras, 1879 (2,000 
copies). "Break Cocoanuts Over the Wheels; or. All Pull for Christ," 
1885 (2,000 copies). "Union and Co-operation Among Native Churches." 
"Co-operation and Organic Unity on Mission Fields." "The Religions of 
the Orient : Their Beauty and Their Fatal Defect." "The Lord's War 
Waxes Hot." "In the Tiger Jungle, and Other Stories of Missionary 
Work" "The Cobra's Den." "India for Christ." "Address at Ecumeni- 
cal Conference," New York, 1899. 

Also numerous articles in the press. 
Chamberlain, Lewis Birge, b. Vellore, India, Oct. 3, 1864. R.C. '86. N.B.S. 
91. 1. by CI. N.B. Missionary in India 1891-1915. Ass. Cor. Sec Am. 

Bible Society 1916-18, Recording Sec. 1919 

In India he was prominent in the affairs of the Mission and helped to 
'Organize the "India Church Board." 

Editor Progressive Bible Lessons. <3^ B K Rutgers — 50th Anniversary 
Memorial. Editor Annual Reports and pamphlets of Am. Bible Soc, etc. 

Publications: Many articles and stories in various papers. 

Chamberlin, William Isaac, b. Madras, India, Oct. 10, 1862; R.C. 82, 

N.B.S. 86, lie by CI. N.B., Missionary, India, 87-1905. President Arcot 

Mission College, 1900-1905. Pres. Voorhees College, India, 1900-05. 

Prof. Logic and Mental Phil. R.C. 1906-09. Sec Bd. F.M., R.C.A., 

1909 . Pres. Gen. Syn., 1909. Ph.D., C.U., 1900. D.D., H.C., 1907, 

and R.C, 1912. 
Publication : "Education in India," 1899. 
Chambers, S. D. Rec'd from Pres. North Newark, A.P., 1914-16. (Pres. 

Kilburn Memorial. Presbyterian Church, Newark, N. J., 1917 ). 

Chambers, Talbot Wilson, b. Carlisle, Pa., Feb. 25, 1819; D.C. 30-2, R.C. 
32-4, N.B.S. 34-5, P.S. 36-7; teaching, 37-9; lie Presb. Clinton, Miss., 
38, Raritan, 2d (Somerville, N. J.), 39-49, New York, Collegiate, 49- 
1896; d. Feb. 3. Pres. of Gen. Syn., 1863. Vedder Lecturer, 1875. 
Trustee R.C, 1868. Trustee of Columbia Coll., 1881. S.T.D. by CC, 
1853. LL.D. by R.C, 1885. Member O.T. Revision Co. Pres. Bd. 
P.M., 1888-96. Pres. Alliance Ref. Chs., 1892-6. Instructor at various 
times in N.B.S., P.S., U.S., Hast. S., Allegheny S. and L.S. 
He was a theologian by nature and training. His views of truth were 
well defined and strongly conservative. He strenuously opposed, in private 
and public, what he regarded as dangerous departures from the doctrinal 
systems of Geneva, Dort, and Westminster. For more than an ordinary 
generation he was an acknowledged leader in the counsels of the denomina- 
tion, with which his name and memory are identified. In its Missionary 
Boards and its Classical and Synodical Assemblies his firmness, his good 



THE MINISTRY 279 

judgment, his readiness in discussion, his familiarity with ecclesiastical 
usages, and the force of his character, gave him, generally, an influence such 
as hardly any other minister possessed since the days of Dr. Livingston. 
He rendered most valuable services to the Board of Foreign Missions, hav- 
ing been its President from 1888-96, and one of the most generous con- 
tributors to its funds. 

But he was pre-eminently a student. He read constantly and widely, 
rising early that he might have a quiet hour every day for the study of the 
Scriptures in the original languages. For twenty-five years he was a mem- 
ber of a Greek club, and seldom allowed anything to interfere with his 
presence at its meetings. He was well acquainted with general history, 
especially familiar with church history, and minutely conversant with the 
history of the Reformed Church, both in Europe and America. He kept 
himself abreast of the current discussion of all important religious ques- 
tions. He read carefully and critically the most significant works, often 
writing notices of them for some paper or review. But he read with hardly 
less avidity whatever came to hand — poetry, fiction, the most recent plays — 
partly for mental rest and refreshment, and partly that he might know 
what other people were reading. 

The work, however, outside of his pulpit and pastoral labors, in which 
he took the deepest interest, was that which he performed as one of the 
American Company of Revision of the English Bible, and which extended 
over a period of ten years. He was the only pastor in the Old Testament 
Company, and was one of its most faithful and highly esteemed members. 
At a later date he was no less prominently connected with the Alliance of 
Reformed Churches, holding the Presbyterian system. He was, together 
with Dr. Philip Schaff and Dr. James McCosh, active in its organization, 
became Chairman of the Western Section in 1884, and was elected Presi- 
dent of the Alliance in 1892. It was his expectation, if his life had been 
spared, to preside at its sijcth General Council, which was to be held at 
Glasgow in June, 1896, and to deliver the usual presidential address, but he 
died a few months before this meeting. 

See notice of his death, in "Collegiate Ch. Year-Book, " 1896, 279. "Ac- 
count of Memorial Window in Middle Ch.," in "Year-Book," 1897, 468. 
Sketch of his life, "Year-Book," 1899, 817. See also "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 
1896, 496. "Biog. Notices of Grads. of Rutgers College," 1896, 3, 4. "Rev. 
Dr. E. B. Coe's Commemorative Discourse," 1896, with an Appendix con- 
taining many tributes to his character. Rev. Dr. J. P. Searle's art. in 
■"Presbyt. and Refd. Review," 1896; printed also separately. 

For a fuller sketch and list of his very numerous publications see Man- 
ual, 1902. 

Chambers, Theodore Frelinghuysen (son of T. W. Chambers), b. Raritan, 
N. J.. May 14, 1849. C.C. N.Y. 68. U.S. 71- 1- by Pres. N.Y. 71 ; 
teaching 71-2; ord. CI. Passaic, ^2. Ponds N. J., 72-6, (Clove, Decker- 
town, N. J., 76-83; Sparta, N. J., 84-7; German Valley, N. J., 87-98; 

S.S. Mine Hill; Dover, N. J.. 1898 . Dead. 

Publications : "Sparta Centennial," "Early Germans of N. J.," "Life of 
Edmund D. Halsey." 

Chapin, Charles Brooks (son of Rev. Dr. Henry B. Chapin), b. N. Y. C, 
May 20. 1855; C.N.J. 76, U.T.S. 77-80. lie. by N. Y. Presbyt. 80; ord. 
by Presb. Jersey City, 81 (Norwood, N. J., 81-2, Freeport, L. L, 83-7), 
Centennial Chapel, Brooklyn, ist, 88-9 (Schenectady, 1890-2), Hamil- 
ton Grange, N. Y. C, 1893-1904. Pres. 1904. D.D. by U.N.Y., 1895. 
Publications: Contribution to the Religious Press. 
Chapman, John Liddel, b. Ash Grove, near Clones, Ireland, Feb. 27, 1812; 
U.T.S. 38-41; resident lie. 41-2; ord. by CI. Bergen, Nov. 16, 42; 
Clintonville (Irvington), N. J., 42-9, Prin. of Chapman Home Insti- 
tute. Irvington, 49-61 (S.S. Irving. Kan., 64-8, Troy, Kan., 69-71, Prof. 
Bib. Theology, Lay College of T. De Witt Talmage's Tabernacle 
Church, Brooklyn, 1872-9; w. c. 1879-91; d. July 2"]. 



280 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

He was a remarkable scholar and teacher, and published a number of 

school books. 

Chapman, J. Wilbur, b. Richmond, Ind., June 17, 1859; Lake Forest Univ., 
79, Lane Sem., 82, lie. Whitewater Presb. Ind., 82; Schuylerville, N. Y., 
83-5, Albany, ist, 85-90 (Bethany Presbyt. Ch., Philadelphia, 90-2, en- 
gaged in Evangelistic work, 92-6, Bethany, again, 96-9, 4th Presb. Ch., 
N. Y. C, 1899 . Also engaged in evangelistic work. d. 1918, Dec. 

25- 
See "Johnson's Sketch of Ch. of Albany," p. 40. 
Chapman, Nathan F., b. West Brook, Ct., Aug. 17, 181 1; R.C. 44, N.B.S. 

47, 1. CI. N.B.; Miss, at Keyport, 47-9, Canajoharie, 49-53, Plattekill, 

53-64, Catsbaan, 64-73 (S.S.) Mt. Paran, Md., 74-81; died 1893, Feb. 2"]. 

See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1893, 893. "Biog. Notices of Grads of R.C," 

1893, 17- 
Cheff, Peter Paul, b. Rotterdam, Neths., Oct. 9, 1873; Doetinchem Gym. 

Kampen Theo. Sch; N.B.S. 1901 ; 1. by CI. Paramus ; Lawton and 

Harrison, Oklahoma, 1901-1902; Grand Rapids, Grace, 1903-05; 

Jamestown, ist, 1905-10; Zeeland, ist, 1910-17; Holland, Hope, 

1918 . Instructor in H.C. 1917-18. 

Chester, Chs. H., b. 1816; Schuylerville, N. Y., 1844-9. Died 1878. For 

other details see "Manual" of 1879. 
Chickering, Edward O., b. in Brooklyn, N. Y., Feb. 9, 1866; R.C. 1891, 

N.B.S. 1894, lie. by CI Raritan, 111., 1894-7, Schagticoke, N. Y., 

four months, 1897-8 ;• d. Mar. 12. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1898, p. 242. 

"Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1898, 27. 
Chitara, Ludwig, once an Augustine monk, c. to America, 1785, studied 

under Hendel and Weyberg, 1. about 1787; Knowlton and Hardwick, 

N. J., 1787-92; d. "Harbaugh's Lives," ii, 404. 
Chittenden, Alanson B., b. at Durham, N. Y., 1797; U.C 1824, Aub. Sem. 

28? Miss, to Montgomery Co., N. Y., 27-8, Glen and Miss, at Charles- 
town, 31-4, Amity, 34-9, Westerlo, 39-40, Sharon, 41-5; d. 1853. 
Chrestensen, David Hanson, b. Andes, N. Y. Ham. Col. 1889. Aub. Sem. 

1892. 1. by Pres. of Utica. (Pres. Milford, N. Y., 1892-4). Irvington, 

N. J., 1894-96; Blooming Grove, N. Y., 1897-1903; Nassau, N. Y., 

1903— — -. S.C CI. of Rensselaer 1917 

Publications : Articles in Intelligencer." 
Christ, Jacob, b. Aug. 5, 1855, Germany. Mission House Col. 1884 and 

Sem. 1886. 1. by CI. Scheboyan, Ref. Ch. U.S. (Ref. Ch. U.S. Wau- 

kon 1886-91; Fountain City, Wis., 1892-1902). Rec'd from Ref. Ch. 

U.S. 1902. Salem, S.D., 1902-06. (Ref. Ch. U.S. Odebolt, la., 1906- 

13; Ledyard, la., 1913-18, Pastor Emeritus. 
Christie, James, studied under Mason, 1815; 1. 1815; Union Village, 1816- 

18. Assoc. Ref. 
Christie, John I., b. at Schraalenberg, 1781 ; CC 1799, studied under Froe- 

Hgh, 1. CI. Bergen, 1802 (Amsterdam and Galway, Presbyt., 1803-12) ; 

Warwick, 12-35; d. 1845. See "Manual" of 1879; also "Ch. Int.," Ap. 

23, 1845- 
Christmas, J. C H., b. 1868. N.B.S. 1901-04. Methodist. 
Church, John Brownson, b. Oxford, N. Y., June 15, 1843. R.C. 1867, 

N.B.S. 70; lie. CI. Rensselaer; Taghkanic, 1870-7, Rochester (Accord), 

1877-92, Riverside, Paterson, 1 892-1 921. d. April 15. 
He rendered faithful service for more than half a century in the Reformed 
Church. He was especially successful with the young. See Min. Gen. Syn., 
1921, 641. 
Churchman, Arthur Brewer, b. Brooklyn, N. Y. U.T.S. 1900. 1. by Pres. 

Brooklyn 1901. (S.S. Rutherford, N. J., 1898. Wallington, N. J., 1900. 

Ass. Pastor Madison Ave., N.Y.C. 1901-04. Bethany Memorial, N.Y.C, 

1904 . In charge, Madison Ave., N.Y.C, 1915-18. S.C. CI. N. Y. 

1909 . Sec. U.T.S. Alumni Club, 1909 



THE MINISTRY 281 

Clancy, John, Florida, 1855-60, Presbyt. 

Clapp, Ernest, b. Newton, N. C, Dec. 11, 1867; Ursinus Col., 89, U.T.S. 
89-90, Urs. T.S. 90-1 (ord. by Ger. Refd. CI. of Philadelphia; Royers- 
ford. Pa., 1891-2) ; Hopewell, N. Y., 1892-1903. Upper Red Hook, 
1904-13. Poughkeepsie, Emmanuel, 1914-18. Also S.S. Hyde Park, 
1917-18. New Paltz, 1918 . D.D. Catawba C, 1918. 

Clark, John Lewis, b. Decatur, 111., Aug. 27, 1865; Lin.U. 91, U.T.S. 94 
(ord. by Presbyt. Mackinaw, Sept. 27, 1890; Chapel Miss. Presbyt., 
Brooklyn, 1892-5) ; Assist. Pastor CoUeg. Ch., N. Y. C, 1895-7 (Chi- 
cago, Cumb. Presb., 1898-1901), w. c. 

Clark, Rob. C. Univ. Penn. 1834. N.B.S. 1838, 1. CI. of Philadelphia; 
license afterward withdrawn at his own request, 1844. 

Clark, Rufus W., b. in Newburyport, Mass., Dec. 17, 1813; Y. C. 38, New 
Haven and And. Sems., 41, lie. Presbyt. Newburyport, 1840 (Wash- 
ington, D. C, Presbyt., 41-2, Portsmouth, N. H., Cong., 42-51, Maver- 
ick, Ch., East Boston, Cong., 51-6, Brooklyn, Cong., 57-62) ; Albany, 

1st, 1862-82; d. Aug., 1885. D.D. by 

Dr. Clark was a faithful pastor, a strong preacher and a kindly friend. 

He was also a very voluminous writer of books, pamphlets and newspaper 

articles. For a list of these see Manual, 1902. 

Clark, Wm. (S.S.) Buel, N. Y., 1843-4. 

Clark, Wm. Hendee, b. at Hudson, Ohio, Ap. 11, 1837; W.R.C. 59, U.S. 63, 
lie. by Presb. Brooklyn; ord. by Presb. of Columbia, N. Y., Jan. 6, 1864 
(Spencertown, N. Y. (Presbyt.), 1863-5); Chapel of (Zolleg. Ch., 
N. Y. C, cor. 29th St. and Seventh av., 65-9, Chapel of Colleg. Ch., 
cor. 54th St. and Seventh av., 69-72, Paterson (Broadway), 72-81, 
Nyack, N. Y.. 81-6. Philadelphia, 2d, 86-91. Bay City, Mich. (Presb.), 

91-6, Detroit, Mich. (Immanuel Ch.), 96 . D.D. by Adelbert Coll. 

of Western Reserve Univ., O., 1884. 

Clark, William Walton <son of Rufus W. Clark), b. at Portsmouth, 
N. H., May 8, 1846; Wms. Coll. 66, U.T.S. 77. He by the Congrega- 
tionalists (Painsville, O. (Cong.), 77-9), Brighton Heights, S. I., 80-7, 
engaged iii Evangelistic work, 87-97, Field Sec. of Bd. Dom. Miss., 
1 898- 1908. Supplying and advising many churches. Editor of Sower 

and Mission Field. Lecturer, Union Miss. Training Institute, 191 5 

PuBLiCATioxs : Many contributions to "Ch. Int." 

Clarke, James E., b. Jamaica. L. I., Jan. 5, 1868. N.B.S. 89-91. Presby- 
terian. 

Clearwater, Chs. Knapp, b. N. Y. C, July 23, 1856; C.C. N.Y. 76, U.S. 79, 

lie. Presbvt. N. Y. ; Mt. Vernon. N. Y., 79-94, Newtown, ist, 1S94 . 

S.C. CI. Westchester. S.C. N.C. L.I. 
See "American Ancestry," vol. iii. 
PuBt.iCATioxs : Many articles for the religious press. 

Cleghorn, Elisha B., b. in Missouri; P.S. 1850 entered R.D.C., w. c. 1868-74. 
For details see "Manual," 1879; P.S. Gen. Catalogue. 

Clements, Harvey. Ass. Col. Ch. of St. Nicholas, N. Y. C, 1910. Presby- 
terian. 

Cleveland, Geo. H., b. in N. Y., Alay 27, 1851 ; R.C. 73, N.B.S. 76; lie. CI. 
N.B.; Annandale, 1877-81 (Presbvt., 1883). Teacher, d. Feb. 22, 1906. 

Clifford. P. H., b. Feb. 24. 1878. Brooklyn. N. Y. Mt. Hermon Sch. C.U. 
Crozer T.S. 1904. 1. by Hanson Place Baptist Ch. 1898. Lefferts 
Place, Brooklyn. Pearl St. Bapt. Ch.. Bridgeton. N. J. 4th Ave. Baptist, 
Brooklyn. Field Sec. South African General Mission, 1909-ic. Rec'd 
from Baptist 1911. Brooklyn, Bethany, 1911-13; Gravcsend, ist, 1913- 

17; Ridgewood, 1918 

PuBLiiATioxs : "Jesus is Kinc," 65; "Bible Lessons in Matt.," "What 

Time Is It?" "Whose Son Art Thou?"- — Gospel Hymn and Poems. 

Clifton. Samuel Tilden, b. Easton. Pa., Ap. 30, 1874; Lafayette Coll. 94, 
U.T.S. 98, 1. CI. Orange; Wurtsboro, 97-1900, Coxsackie, 2d, 1900- 



282 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1917, Congregational. Also Prof Greek and Latin at Chambersburg, 
Pa., Academy, 1894-95, Post-Grad. student at Lafayette and Columbia, 
1896-99. Ph.D. 1899. 
Clist, Chs. Lawrence, b. Port Richmond, N. Y., April 16, i860; R.C. 
N.B.S. 1889, 1. CI. N.B.; Montville, 89-91, Jersey City, Free Refd., 
91-5, (Brooklyn) Marbletown, N. Y., 1901-04. S.S. Krumville & 
Lyonville, 1901-04. Plattekill, 1904-09. Mile Square, Yonkers (S.S.) 
1912-13. Dis. to Cong., 1915. 
Close, John, b. at Greenwich, Ct., 1737 ; C.N.J. 1763, 1. Presbyt. of Dutchess 
Co., 1765 (Huntington, 1766-73, New Windsor and Newburgh, 1773-96 
Presbyt.), Waterford and Middletown, 1796-1804. S.S. Niskayuna 
about 1803. d. 1815. 
Publication : Discourse on Federal or Relative Holiness, 1803. 
Clost, John. Middletown (Half Moon) 1791 •'' Perhaps same as, Close, 

John. 
Clough, see Clowe. 

Clowe, Clinton Wilson, b. Glenville, N. Y., Aug. 15, 1868; U.C. 93, N.B.S. 
96, 1. CI. Schenectady; Ganesvoort, 96-7; Delmar, 98-1901; Shokan 
and Shandakin, 1903-05; Thomas, Okl., 1907; Pennsylvania Lane, 
111., 1908-09; West Hurley and Woodstock, N. Y., 1912-13; Schoharie, 
1913-14. Dis. to Pres., 1914. 
Cludius, Theodore, studied in Europe, 1. CI. N. B. 1865; New Brunswick, 

3d, 65-6; joined Ger. IJefd. Ch. 
Clute, N. M. Student N.B.S. 1838-9. d. 1895- 

Cobb, Henry Evartson (son of Oliver E. Cobb), b. at Hopewell, Dutchess 
Co., N. Y., March 25. 1863; R.C. 84, P.S. 88, lie. N. CI. L. L; West 
Troy, N. Y., 88-92, Collegiate, West End av. and 77th st., N. Y. C, 

1892 . Pres. Bd. F.M. Trustee R.C. and Vassar C. Director 

U.T.S. D.D. by U.N.Y. and R.C, 1901 
Publications : Several Sermons. 
Cobb, Henry Nitchie, b. in N. Y. C, Nov. 15, 1834; Y.C. 1855, U. S. 1857, 
1. 3d Presbyt. N. Y., i860; ord. by 3d Presb. N. Y., May 16, i860; Miss, 
to the Nestorians in Persia and Koordistan (Am. Bd), 1860-2, Mill- 
brook, 1866-81. Cor. Sec. of Bd. Foreign Missions, 1881-1910. d. 
April 17. Dr. Cobb's 29 years of service as Cor. Sec. of Bd. F.M. 
were noted as a time of enlarging missionary opportunity and enlarging 
consecration to meet that opportunity. In his position of mediator be- 
tween the Church at home and the work abroad, he filled his office with 
faith and power. Thus he made full proof of his ministry. — See Min. 
Gen. Syn., 191G, 818. D.D. R.C, 1878. Chairman of Exec. Com. of 
Ecumen, Council on Foreign Missions, N. Y., 1900. 
Publications : Besides many articles in the periodicals of the day, he 
published (tract) "Mind Your Business" (M. Ep. Soc), 1859; "Letters 
from Constantinople and Oroomiah." in "Bib. Soc. Record," "N. Y. Evan- 
gelist,"' "Ch. Intelligencer," and "Miss Herald," 1861-2; Series of "Pas- 
toral Letters to the Helpers of the Nestorian Missions in the Koordish 
Mountains" (Oroomiah, 1861-2) ; Ed. of "Rays of Light," a monthly paper 
in the Syriac language (Oroomiah, 1861-2) ; "Almanic," 1861-2, in Modern 
Syriac; "Sab. -school Hymn-book," in Modern Syriac, 1862; edited the 
"Ancient Syriac New Testament" for Am. Bib. Soc, 1874; "Suggestive 
Readings from Syriac New Testament," in "Presbyt. Quarterly," 1874; 
edited and wrote Introduction to "Songs in the Valley of Achor," 1874; and 
poems in newspapers, in "The Changed Cross," and "The Shadow of the 
Rock." "Far Hence" : Letters written on a tour of Foreign Missions of 
R.C. A., 1892. "A Century of Missions" of R.C.A., 1897. Reports of 
Board of Foreign Missions, R.C.A., yearly after 1883. 

Cobb, Oliver Ellsworth, b. in N. Y. C, 21 March, 1833; Y.C. 53, U.S. 57, 
lie. by 3d Presb., N. Y., 57; Hopewell, N. Y., 57-72, Flushing, 72-90. 
Died at Tarrytown, N. Y., 23 Sept., 1891. 



THE MINISTRY 283 

A rarely furnished minister of Jesus Christ, so modest that many failed 
to appreciate his worth. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "The Beloved Physician": A Sermon at the Funeral of 
Denis Wortman, M.D., Hopewell. N. Y., 1864. "History of the Refd. 
Ch. of Flushing": A Sermon, 1882. 

Cobb, Sanford Hoadley. b. in N. Y. C, 4 Feb., 1838; Y.C. 58, P.S. 62, 1. 3d 
Presbyt. N. Y. ; Schoharie, 64-71, Saugerties, 71-83, Grand Rapids, 
Mich. (Presb.), Westminster, 85-94, ist Presb. Greenwich, Ct., 1900- 
1901. d. 1910, April 27. 
For a list of publications see Manual, 1902. 
Cochran, Ab. Gibson, b. Winhall, Vt., Feb. 11, 1822; Med. Coll. 47, P.S. 
47-8; S.S. at Easton, 63-70, S.S. Union Village, 65-7, Gansevoort, 70-83, 
S.S. Easton, 83-8; d. 1902, July 19. For further details, see "P. Sem. 
Gen. Cat." 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1903, 515. 
Cock, Gerhard, Daniel, Rhinebeck (Ger. Ch.) and Camp (or Germantowri, 
N. Y.), 1764-91, died; also supplied New Paltz, 2d, 1768-70, and Lin- 
lithgo, 1772-9. 
See his petition to Sir Henry Moore against Hardenberg, etc., who forced 
him to take the oath of allegiance, when seeking to suspend Meyer, 1754, 
"Doc. Hist.," iii, 598. 991 ■ His call to Camp and Reinbeck, dated Feb. 27, 
1764, is in Record Book at Germantown, N. Y. 

Coe, Edward Benton (son of Rev. Dr. David B. Coe), b. at Milford, Ct., 
June II, 1842; Y.C. 62, Yale Sem.; U.T.S. 61-3, Prof, of Modern 
Langs., Yale Coll., 64-79, lie. by Manhattan Association (Cong.), "jy ; 
ord. by CI. N. Y., Oct. 2, 79; New York, Collegiate Ch., 5th Ave. and 
48th St., 79-99, Senior Minister, 1899-1914. d. March 19. D.D. by 
R.C. 1881 and by Y.C. 1885. LL.D. by R.C. 1893. President of Gen- 
eral Synod, 1898. Member Bd. Superintendents 1890-1910. Trustee 
C.U. 1896-1914, of R.C. 1887-1914, Robert C. 1894-1914, Leake & Watts 
Orphan Asylum 1 896-1914. Trustee Arp. Seamen's Friend Society. 
W.T.S. 1898-1908, Manager of the Pres. Hospital 1896-1914, Member 
Bd. F.M. 1896-1914. 
As a pastor he was beloved by his people, as a preacher he was clear 
and forcible, clothing his thought in a singular felicity of diction and pur- 
ity of style. In the many boards and directorates, upon which he was called 
to serve, he displayed administrative ability of a high order. To whatever 
service duty drew him he gave a clear mind and a judgment which seldom 
erred. In social life he was distinguished by a rare and delicate courtesy 
and in every relation he displayed the qualities of a cultured gentleman. See 
Year Book of Col. Ch., 1914, IC95, Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 240. For a list 
of his publications see Manual, 1902. 

Coenen, Herbert Gerhard, b. April 15, 1886, Germany. German High 
School. Magdelberg, 1903. German Theological Sem., 1909. 1. by Luth- 
eran Ch., 1909. (Lutheran. Jeffersonville, N. Y., 1911-16; Arlington, 

1916-19). Newark, N. J., West Reformed, 1919 . German Teacher, 

High School, Nyack, N. Y. 
Coens, Henricus, reed, into CI. Amst. June 4, 1725, from Wester Nieuland; 
ord. by CI. Amst. Sept. 4, 1725, and sailed for America, Oct. 7, 1725. 
Aquackanonck, Second River, Pompton, Ponds, 1726-35, d. Feb. 14. 
He organized the secession elements in the Raritan churches. He also 
wrote to Holland a detailed account of the troubles between the churches 
of Second River (Belleville) and Aquackanonck. See "Ecc. Rec, 
N. Y." 
Colbert, J. T. Rec'd from Pres. 1905. Florence. S.C, All Souls, 1905-11. 

Pres. 
Colby, H. E. Gotcbo, Okl., 1906-07; Oklahoma City (S.S.). 1908; Buck 
Creek, Okl., 1908. 



284 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Colden, Wm., b. Coldenham, N. Y., 1845. Syracuse Univ. 1876. Four years 
M.E. Conference Course. 1. by M.E. Conference, 1874. M.E. pastor- 
ate and business. Reed, from M.E. Ch. Bloomingburgh, N. Y., 191 5 

Publications : Articles in the press. 
Cole, David (s. of Isaac D. Cole), b. at Spring Valley, N. Y., Sept. 22, 
1822; R.C. 42, lie. by Pres. N.B. 58; ord. by CI. N.B. 58. East Mill- 
stone, 58-63, Prof, of Greek Lang, and Lit. in R.C., 63-66; Yonkers, 
65-97; w. c. d. 1903, Oct. 20. D.D. by Franklin and Marshall Col- 
lege, 1865. Pres. of General Synod in 1884. 
Dr. Cole was a man of transparent character and eminent Christian 
graces. He was in taste and training a scholar. The riches which he found 
in the Scripture and elsewhere he gave to his people on the Sabbath. His 
first sermon in Yonkers was on the text, "I determined to know nothing 
among you save Jesus Christ and Him crucified." His last sermon was 
from the text, "And when they had lifted up their eyes they saw no man 
save Jesus only." These two texts appropriately bound his preaching through 
all the years. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1904, 831. 
For list of his publications see Manual, 1902. 
Cole, Isaac D., b. at Spring Valley, N. Y., Jan. 25, 1799; N.B.S. 1829, 1. CI. 
N. Y., 1829; ord. CI. Paramus, 1831 ; assistant at Tappan, 1829-31, 
colleague at Tappan, 1831-2, Totowa, 2d, 1832-3, Tappan again, 1833- 
64, w. c, but supplying Presbyt. Ch., New Hempstead, N. Y., occasion- 
ally. Died Aug. 30, f878. 
He carried the spirit of Dr. Livingston and his contemporaries into a 
later generation. 

See Hist. Ch. of Tappan, 1894, pp. 91-109. Manual, 1902. 
Publication : "Gospel Preaching," 1850. 
Cole, Philip Henry, b. Rhinebeck, N. Y., Dec. 27, 1864; U.C. 88; U.T.S. 
88-9 ; ord. CI. Schenectady, Oct. 20, 91 ; Assist. Prof. English in U.C. 
89-95; Schenectady 2d, 91-7, Syracuse, 1897-1907. Presbyterian, 

1907 

Cole, Solomon T., b. Esopus, N. Y., Nov. 5, 1836; N.B.S. 64; 1. CI. Ulster; 

Plattekill, 64-8, Preakness, 68-72, Schagticoke, 72-9, Westerlo, 79-82, 

Tyre, 82-4, Plattekill, 84-91, Esopus, 96-99, w. c. d. Feb. 4, 1917. See 

Min. Gen. Syn.. 1917, 256. 

Colenbrander, Henry, b. Dec. 4, 1885. H.C. '13, W.S. 1916. 1. by CI. 

Passaic. Sioux City, la.. 1916-17; Rock Valley, la., 1917 

Collier. Edward Augustus (brother of Ezra and Jos. Collier), b. N. Y. C, 
1835; N.Y.U. 57; P.S. 60; 1. Presbyt. of Nassau, 59; ord. by Presbyt. 
North River Nov. 6, 60 (Saugerties, Cong. 60-1, Amenia, N. Y., Presby. 
61-4) ; Kinderhook, 1864-1907. P.Em. 1907-20. d. Dec. 3. D.D. S.C. 
CI. Rensselaer, 34 years. Treasurer CI. Rensselaer, 11 years. 
Dr. Collier was a man of brilliant ability which by diligent study revealed 
itself in unusual intellectual power and poetic taste. He was a close stu- 
dent of the Scriptures, a superior preacher and an unusual pastor. Hence 
he became one of the most eminent ministers and citizens in eastern New 
York. 

Sec Min. Gen. Syn., 1921, 635. 

Publications : "Hist. Disc, at Kinderhook," "The Hallowed House," 
1865. Sermon at Inauguration of Prof. Henry E. Dosker in West. The- 
olog. Sem., 1894. 

Contributions to Periodicals and Papers : Metrical versions of many of 
the Psalms ; Hymns and other Verses in variety and large numbers. 

Hymns in "Royal Praise," "Gospel Hymns," "Church Hymnary," Trinity 
Hymn in "Church Hymnary" of Presbyt. Ch., in Scotch, Canadian and 
English Presbyt. Hymnals, in S.S. Hymnals. On joint committee for the 
publication of the Hymnal of the Reformed Churches. Prose articles in 
the press, signed and unsigned. 



THE MINISTRY 285 

Collier, Ezra Warren, b. at Plymouth, Mass., Nov. 10, 1826; R.C. 48, 

N.B.S. 54, 1. S. CI. N. Y., Manhattan Ch. N. Y. C. 54-6, Freehold, 2d, 

56-66, Coxsackie, 2d, 66-67, died at Aiken, S. C, Dec. 5. 1869. 
He was a man of great mental ability and unusual skill in the use of 
language. He had a fine literary taste, enjoying beautiful literary expres- 
sion as the musician enjoys music. He was a childlike Christian, and a 
devoted minister of Jesus Christ. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : Biography of his brother Joseph, as an Introduction to 
the latter's work, "Dawn of Heaven." Many articles and poems for the 
press. 
Collier, George Zabriskie (son of Rev. Ezra W. Collier), b. at Freehold, 

N. J., Apr. 9, 1862; R.C. 1883, N.B.S. 1886, lie. CI. N.B.; Stuyvesant, 

N. Y., 1886-9, Alexandria Bay, N. Y., 1890-6, Grand Haven, Mich. 

(2d), 1896-1900, Mellenville, N. Y., 1900-1910. Middleburgh, N. Y., 

1910 . Pres. P.S.A. 1914. 

Publications : Many articles for the magazines and papers. 
Collier, Isaac, b. Athens, N. Y.. Sept. 8, 1830. R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 60, 1. 

CI. Greene; Coevmans, 60-66. Battle Creek, 66-70, Addisville, Pa., 

71-84 (Cong., Augusta, Mich., 1885). d. Feb. 18, 1914. See Min. Gen. 

Syn., 1914, 242. 
Collier, Isaac Henry, b. at Athens, N. Y., 1834; R.C. 59, N.B.S. 62, 1. CI. 

Greene; Catsbaan, 62-4, Nassau, 64-5, Lodi, N. Y., 65-70, Saratoga, 

70-74, Montville, 74-9 (S.S. Oakfield, N. Y. (Presb.), 1879-81); d. 

Feb. 19. 
Collier, John Win. Porter. Allen Un. 191 1. Student N.B.S. I9i4-i7- 
Collier, Joseph A., b. at Plymouth, Mass., Oct. 26, 1828; R.C. 49, N.B.S. 

52, 1. S. CI. N. Y. ; Greenville and Bronxville, 52-5, Geneva, 55-9, 

Kingston, 2d, 59-64; d. August. 
His manner was animated, forcible, tender, persuasive; his glowing eye 
and radiant countenance attesting to all his thorough earnestness and his 
deep sympathy with his sacred themes. He possessed unusual qualifica- 
tions for the work of the ministry, and his brief labors were crowned with 
large success. He ever felt the deepest interest in the spiritual welfare of 
the young. He preached at Kingston a series of Sabbath evening dis- 
courses to the youth of his flock, which were afterward published under the 
title of "The Young Men of the Bible." But especially did his heart 
turn toward the children. Into this field he threw himself with peculiar 
ardor and delight and with great success. He loved to lead the lambs into 
green pastures. One regular Sabbath service in each alternate month he 
devoted entirely to the children. At such times he delivered discourses 
adapted to the comprehension of the youngest, though instructive to all. 
Two series of these discourses have been published under the titles of 
"Little Crowns and How to Win Them" and "Pleasant Paths for Little 
Feet." "The Christian Home" and "The Dawn of Heaven" are also pro- 
ductions of his pen, the latter published after his death. He was a sym- 
pathizing pastor. While he loved books, he loved his people. His min- 
istry was a model of pastoral fidelity. He walked habitually with God. 
See "The Dawn of Heaven," in which is found a Ijiographical sketch by 
his brother Ezra. He also published "The Strife and the Crown," a tem- 
perance ser., 1861, and "The Right Way." a prize essay on Peace. Am. 
Tract So. See "McClintock's Cvc." Also Manual. 1902. 
Collins, Barnabas V., b. 1814; Lafayette Coll., Pa., N.B.S. 42. 1. CI. N. Y. ; 

West Farms, 42-5. Ponds. 45-67, w. c. ; d. 1877, July 23. 
Publication : "A Review of .Seven Years' Ministry," 1854. 
Collins. Chas. Philadelphia Classical Institute, theology in private, 1. CI. 

Philadelphia, 1858 (S.S. Norristown, Pa., Presbyt., 61-2), S.S. Mana- 

yunk, 63-4 (S.S. Jeffersonville Presbyt., 1866). 
Collins, Charles G.. b. 1874. In N.B.S. 1909-11. Methodist. 



286 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Collins, Charles M. Rec'd from Presbyterian 1908. Steinway (S.S.), 
1906-08. Dis. Pres. Ch. U.S.A. 

Collins, James M., b. Syracuse, N. Y., Oct. 8, 1843. Univ. N.Y. 1864. 
N.B.S. 1864-5, teaching, d. March 9, 1898. 

Comfort, Lawrence L., b. Nov. 5, 1822, in Orange Co., N. Y. ; U.C. 48, 
N.B.S. 51, 1. CI. Orange; Rockaway, 52-4, New Hurley, 54-71, in Eu- 
rope, 1871-2, Berea, 72-9; d. July 21. 
Publications: "Centennial Hist. Disc, at New Hurley," 1870. 

Compton, Jas. Murphy, b. Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 18, 1817; R.C. 43, N.B.S. 
46, 1. CI. N. B. Tyre, 47-So; Piffardinia, 50-1, Kiskatom, 51-4, Union 
and Jerusalem, 54-60, Gallupville and Knox, 60-3, S.S. at Currytown 
and Mapletown, 64-8, Stone Arabia, and Ephratah, 68-9, Stone Arabia, 
69-70, Columbia and Henderson, 70-4, Columbia, 74-5, Union, 75-8,. 
S.S. Spraker's Basin and Currytown, 78-82, at Mapletown, 6 ms., 
82, Columbia (Herkimer Co.), N. Y., 88-1891; d. Dec. 12. "Mints. 
Gen. Syn.," 1892, 654. "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1892, 28. 

Compton, William Edgar Wells, b. Jamesburg, N. J.. Nov. 10, 1870; 
R.C. 94. N.B.S. 97. 1. CI. N. B.; West Copake, N. Y., 1897-1902 
Tappan, 1902-10; Keyport, 1910-13; Mariners' Harbor, 1913-1919 

Schenectady, Mt. Pleasant, 1920 . Press Clerk Gen. Synod, 1910 • 

Lecturer on Am. Hist, for N. Y. Bd. of Ed. 
Publications: "The Flag," 1914. Many articles and stories in many pub- 
lications. 

Conant, Chs. Albion, b. Temple Moins, July 28, 1833 ; U.C. 60, Bangor 
Sem. and Aub. Sem. '63, lie. Cong. Assoc, Bangor, Me., 62; ord- 
Cayuga Presb., 64 (Moravia, N. Y., 64-5, Genoa, N. Y., 65-71, Pike, 
N. Y., 71, Amherst, Mass., 72-6, Duluth, Minn., 76-8, Cannon Falls, 
Minn., 78-82, St. Paul, Minn.. 82-4, Voorheesville, N. Y., 87-92), 
Lisha's Kill, 1893-1905. S.S. Glen, N. Y., 1905-09. d. 1916, Sept. 28. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 191 7, 254. 

Condict, Ira, b. at Orange, N. J., Feb. 21, 1764; C.N.J. 1784, studied under 
Dr. John Woodhull, of Monmouth, 1. Presbyt. N. B. 1786 (Hardwick, 
Newtown, and Shappenock, Presbyt., 1787-93) ; New Brunswick, 1794- 
181 1, also Prof. Moral Phil, in Queen's Col. and Vica-President of the 
same, 1809-11; d. June i. Elected a trustee of Queen's College, 1774; 
also Pres. of same, 1794-1810. 
He was a man of great piety, zeal and determination, and remarkably 

successful as a preacher and pastor. Under his influence Queen's College 

was revived in 1807 and an endowment secured. To Dr. Condict more than 

to any other person the college is indebted for the old campus and the 

Queen's Hall. He was also interested in the removal of the Theological 

Seminary of the Ref. Ch. to New Brunswick in 1810. 

See Manual, 1902, also art. in "Sprague's Annals," by Dr. Cannon, and 

"Alden's Biog. Diet." "McClintock's Cyc." 

Publications : "A Disc. Commemorative of Washington," 1799. Sketch 

in "Inauguration of Dr. Gates as Pres. Rutgers College," p. 82. 

Condit, Charles B., b. June 7, 1872, West Orange, N. J. P.U. 1895. 
P.S. 1897. 1. by Pres. of Morris and Orange 1897. (Pres. Liberty 
Corner, 1898-1907). Newark, Trinity, 1907-17; Ass., Newark, North, 

1918-20; Irvington, 2d, Ref., 1920 . S.C. CI. Newark. 

Publications: Articles for religious press. 

Conger, Alexander Millspaugh, b. Feb. 18, 1887, Union Church, N. Y. 
R.C. 1910. P.S. 1913. 1. by CI. Albany 1913. New Hackensack, 
1914-20; (Ass. Pastor, 2d, Presbyterian Church, Newark, N. J., 
1920 ). 

Conger, Willard, b. Whitestone, L. I., Feb. 23, 1874; R.C. 96, N.B.S. 99, 
lie. by CI. N.B. ; instructor in Rutgers Preparatory School, 99-1901 ; 
Asbury Park, 1901-05; Port Jervis (Deerpark), 1905-20. (Pres. 
Rocky Mount, N. C, 1920 ). 



THE MINISTRY 28/ 

Conklin, John Woodruff (s. of Nath. Conklin), b. Montville, N. J., Dec. 
30, 1851 ; R.C. 71, teaching, 71-3. N.B.S. 76, lie. CI. N.B., Boon- 
ton, 76-80; Missionary in India, 81-90, retd. to America; S.S. Fair- 
field, N. J., 93-5, Prof, of Sociology and Missions in Bible Normal 
College, Springfield, Mass., 95-1900, Field Sec. of Bd. For. Missions, 
1900-1907. Metuchen, N. J., 1908-09. d. Sept. 12. 
Mr. Conklin was a man of rare and earnest spirit, and beloved of all who 
knew him. Few covered so wide a field, so thoroughly and with such 
acceptance. The result of his labors cannot be measured. See Min. Gen. 
Syn., 1910. 821. 

Conklin, Marion Townsend, b. Kingston, N. Y., July 9, 1856. R.C. 1881, 
N.B.S. 84, 1. CI. Ulster. Whitehouse, 84-90, Wallkill, 90-1900, 
(Presbyt., Alamogordo, N. M., 1900-05). Arapahoe, Okl. and Shawnee, 
Horton Memorial, Okl., 1905-10. High Bridge, N. J., 1910-15. Middle- 
town, N. J., 1915-20. Tappan, N. Y., 1920 . 

Conklin, Nathaniel, b. 1824, Basking Ridge, N. J.; R.C. 44, N.B.S. 47, 1- CI. 
N.B. ; Miss, to Long Branch, 1847-51, Montville, 1851-70 (New Ver- 
non, N. J., Presbyt. 1870-82). Died Aug. 17, 1892. 
He was greatly blessed in his ministerial labors. His qualifications were 
his own deep and sincere piety, a thorough knowledge of the Scriptures, 
and a style of preaching which was eminently biblical. His prayers v/ere 
uplifting. The spirit, the verbiage, and the illustrations of the Bible per- 
meated his sermons. He was, therefore, an evangelical preacher. He was 
ever seeking to edify the body of Christ and to save the lost. He, accord- 
ingly, enjoyed large revivals of religion in his successive charges, by which 
many were added to the church. "Biog. Notice of Grads. R.C," 1893, 18. 
Conklin, W. D., b. White House, N. J., June 17, 1887 (son of Rev. M. T. 
Conklin). Ham.C. 1909. N.B.S. 1913. 1. by CI. Raritan 1913. New 

Durham, Ass. P., 1913-15; Schoharie, 1915-18; Herkimer, 1918 . 

Conner, William Waddell, b. Wheeling, W. Va., Aug. 31, i860; C.N.J. 
85, Allegheny Sem. 99,, 1. Allegheny Presby. 98; ord. by CI. Newark, 
99; Belleville, 1899-1911. 
Connitt, G. W. W.C. 1849, Theolog. Institute Conn. 53, 1. North Assoc, 
of Hartford, 52 (Deep River, Conn., Cong., 54-6, Deep River, Conn., 
Presbyt., 56-62) ; Fallsburgh, 62-5, New Prospect, 66-70. 
Conover, Garret M., b. Clinton, N. J., Mar. 29, 1866; R.C. 1892, N.B.S. 95, 
1. CI. Raritan ; North Paterson and Hawthorne, 95-97, Clarkstown, 

1897-1905. Rocky Hill, 1905-09. Asbury Park, 1909 . Pres. Part. 

Synod N.B., 1918. S.C. CI of Monmouth. Chaplain, Monmouth Chap- 
ter, S. A. R. 
Consaul, Gansevoort, D. W., b. Schenectady, 1841 ; Am. Col. 59, P.S. 61, lie. 
CI. Schenectady; S.S. Fort Plain, 63-7. ord. by CI. Montgomery, 1868; 
Mohawk, 1867-9, Herkimer, 1869-77, Geneva, Switzerland, 1877; al- 
lowed to demit the ministry, 1879. 
Cook, George E. H.C. '97. W.S. 1900. Churchville, Minn., 1915-19. CI. 

Miss. CI. W. Sioux, 192c 

Cook, Henry Dyer, b. Hurley, N. Y., Feb. 22, 1880. R.C. 1904. Post 
Graduate, N.Y.U., three years. N.B.S. 1907. 1. by CI. Kingston 1907. 

Paramus, 1907 

PuBLiCATiox.s : Articles in the Intelligencer. 
Cook, Marinus, b. March 5. 1882, Borselen, Neth. Amsterdam Col. 1900. 
W.T.S. 1918. 1. by CI. Mich. 1918. Twin, Lakes, Mich., 1918-19; 

Oak Harbor, Wash., 1919 

Publications: Several articles in Dutch periodical, Outwaking. Vol. 
Short Stories, 1909. 

Cook, Seth. Rec'd from Pres. 1910. Lodi, N. Y., 1910-14. (Pres. Dry- 
den, N. Y., 1914-16. d. Killed by a train). 
Cook, William Wynkoop, b. Richboro, Pa., Nov. 21, 1843; R.C. 73, U.T.S. 

73-6; ord. Ci. Philadelphia; Philadelphia, 4th, 76-81; Methodist. 
Coom.bs, William. Rosendale, N. Y., 1894-8. 



288 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Cooper, Jacob, b. Dec. 7, 1830, near Somerville, Ohio; Y.C. 52, Univ. Berlin, 
54, studied theology at Halle and Berlin, in connection with philology ; 
lie. (O.S.) Presb., Oxford, O., Aug. 17, 53; ord. (O.S.) Presb., 
Transylvania, Ky., Ap. 26, 62 (S.S. Harmony Ch. (O.S.) Presbyt. Ky., 
61-6, Chaplain 3d Ky. Reg. Inf. Union Army, 62-3, Prof. Greek, Center 
Coll. Danville, Ky., Ap., S5-Sept., 66) ; Prof Greek, Rutgers Coll. 
New Brunswick, Sept., 66-93; Prof, of Logic and Philosophy, Rutgers 
Coll., 1893-1904. d. Jan. 31. Editor Danville Review. Vedder Lec- 
turer, 1885. Editor of Bibliotheca Sacra, 1897-1903. Continually en- 
gaged in preaching throughout his life. Ph.D. by Berlin University, 
1854, Member of the Philosophical Soc. of Berlin, 1856. D.C.L. by 
University of Jena, 1873, for prize essay: De Jure Naturali Testimcn- 
tum Facicndi. S.T.D. by Columbia Coll., 1874. LL.D. by Tulane Uni- 
versity, 1895. M.D. by Univ. of Indiana. 
Dr. Cooper was a remarkable combination of heart and brain. His was 
the most child-like simplicity and the most profound scholarship. He was 
the intimate friend of the learned on both sides of the sea, and he spared 
no time or trouble to comfort and aid the most humble. Against political 
or social wrong he was as bold as a lion and yet few hearts were ever more 
loving. His was a rare spirit divinely appointed to lead young men toward 
intellectual and spiritual truth. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1904, 834; also Manual, 1902. 
Publications : For his many publications, see Manual, 1902. 
Cooper, John R., b. 1827; lie. by Seceders, 64; Clarkstown and Hempstead, 

65-86. Died 1887. • 
Cooper, Wm. H. R.C. '31. N.B.S. 1831-2. Pres. d. Feb. 24, 1880. 
Cornelison, John, b. at Nyack, 1769; studied vmder H. Meyer and Living- 
ston, lie. by the Synod of R.D. Ch., 1791 ; Miss, in Northern and West- 
ern States, 1791-93. Bergen and English Neighborhood, 1793-1806, vis- 
ited the Settlements on the Delaware and Susquehanna (Hanover) 
1794, Bergen, 1806-28; d. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publication : Sermon at the installation of Rev. J. V. Romeyn at Hack- 
ensack, Dec. 15. 1799. 

Cornell, Frederick Frelinghuysen (s. of John Cornell), b. at Allentown, 
N. J., Nov. 16, 1804; C.N.J. 25, P.S. ; 1. Presbyt. Newtown, 29; Pro- 
fessor of Languages in College of Mississippi, Natchez, 28-9, Miss, at 
Stuyvesant, three months, 29, at Columbiaville, 29-31, Marshalville, 
31-2, Montville, 33-6, N. Y. C. Manhattan Ch., 36-56 (Pluckemin 
Presbyt., 56-64, w. c.) ; d. 1875, Aug. 7. D.D. by U.C, 1866. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Cornell, James Alexander Hervey (s. of John Cornell), b. at Allentown, 
N. J., Aug. 29, 1818; R.C. 38, N.B.S. 41, 1. CI. N.B.; Westerlo, 41-43, 
New Baltimore, 43-45, New Baltimore and Coeymans, 45-48, Syracuse, 
48-51, Raritan. 3d, 51-56, Sec. Bd. Education, 56-61. Financial Sec. of 
General Svnod, 69-73 : Coeymans, 73-79, w. c. Died Aug. 20, 1899. 
D.D. by C.N.J., 1858. 
He was an earnest and spiritual preacher but it was in the larger service 
of the Denomination that his chief work was done. 

In the Board of Education for five years, he did an excellent work. His 
appeals were very successful. 

The work for which he is especially remembered was that which he 
accomplished for the fuller endowment of the seminary at New Bruns- 
wick, N. J. The necessity of a Professorship of Pastoral Theology and 
Sacred Rhetoric had long been felt. A committee had had this subject 
before them for several years, but no very earnest attempt had been made 
until 1864. It was then determined to attempt to increase the old Perma- 
nent Professorial Fund of the three professors and found the new Pro- 
fessorship. Just then the Rev. Dr. Nicholas E. Smith offered to give 
$40,000 for the increase of the old funds, if the churches would raise as 



THE MINISTRY 289 

much more for the new professorship. There was also a condition that the 
salaries of all the professors should be made up to at least $2,500. The 
three professors, Drs. Woodbridge, Berg, and De Witt, attempted to raise 
this amount. Dr. De Witt was especially zealous and successful in his 
efforts. In 1865 Dr. Smith gave his bond for $40,000, and as about the same 
amount had been subscribed and a considerable portion paid in, the Synod 
resolved at once to establish the fourth professorship. The more prudent 
business men advised against the action until the cash was in hand. But 
the younger element prevailed and carried the day. Dr. Smith paid inter- 
est on his bond for two years. Then the oil investments in which he was 
interested failed and he was obliged to ask Synod to release him from his 
obligation. A newly constituted committee was now authorized to employ 
a financial agent to secure moneys for endowment and for buildmgs. It 
was at this juncture that the invaluable services of Dr. Cornell were secured 
by the committee. He threw his whole heart into the work. He felt that it 
was a position of rare influence, and that a singular opportunity was offered 
him of doing much for the church. 

He very soon secured the gift of $40,000, subsequently increased by 
$20,000, from his friend, James Suydam. The moneys previously raised 
by the professors, with the proceeds of the sale of the college by the 
Synod to the trustees, went into the three professorial residences, 1865-7. 
But Synod in 1869, after the beginning of Dr. Cornell's success, made 
him their own financial agent. He quickly induced Messrs. Suydam and 
Sage to buy the house on George street for $18,000 for a residence for Dr. 
Berg, who had previously lived in the east wing of the college, and subse- 
quently in a residence of his own on Easton avenue. Mr. Suydam con- 
sented to build the hall called by his name, at an expense of about $86,000, 
in 1873. Mr. Sage was induced to build the library called after him, at an 
expense of about $65,000, in 1875. Mr. Suydam also left $20,000 for the 
care of Suydam Hall ; another $20,000 for the general care of the grounds ; 
while Mr. Sage left $35,000 for the support and maintenance of ihe Sage 
Library, $20,000 for the purchase of books, and $25,000 for the mainten- 
ance and support of Hcrtzog Hall. He also left $50,000 by will for the 
Hebrew Professorship. Dr. Cornell also secured sixteen subscriptions of 
$2,500 each toward the purchase of books for the Sage Library. This, with 
some other subscriptions and interest, amounted in all to about $60,000, 
spent between 1875 and 1885 in the purchase of books by the committee 
appointed by the Synod for that purpose. 

During the four years that Dr. Cornell was the financial secretary, by his 
peculiar ability and methods he completely revolutionized the financial con- 
dition of the seminary, by adding considerably more than half a million to 
its resources, in endowments, buildings, and books, although only $110,000 
of this amovmt became available for the salaries of professors. When the 
Committee on the Centennial Volume of the Seminary was laboring to 
make that volume as complete as possible, some of them sought a meeting 
with Dr. Cornell, and he was kind enough to display his memoranda before 
them, which were largely utilized in making up certain parts of that volume. 
The church is, therefore, wonderfully indebted to Dr. Cornell, and his name 
will ever occupy a large and important place in her progress and history. 
See also "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1900, 891. "Biog. Notices of Grads. of R.C., ' 
1900, 10. Manual, 1902. Ch. Int., Sept"., 1899. 

Cornell, John, b. at Northampton, Pa., 1774; studied under Livingston, 1. 
CI. N. Y., 1798 (AUentown and Nottingham, Presbyt., 1800-21), Prin- 
cipal of Academies at Somerville, 1821-8, and at Millstone, 1828-35; d. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Cornell, Wm., b. Seneca Co.. N. Y., 1834; RC. 59, N.B.S. 62, lie. CI. 
Geneva ; Minisink, 62-3, teaching at Freehold, N. J., 63 (Woodstown, 
N. J.. Presbvt., 64-8), teaching at Somerville, N. J., 68-76; d. Sept. 11. 
D.D. by R.C.. 1876. 
See "Biog. Diet. N. J.," p. 331. 



290 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Cornell, Wm. Augustus, b. Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 1821. R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 44, 
1. CI. N.B.; Athens, 44-48. Bloonaing Grove, 48-52. d. Oct. 18, 1875. 

Cornet, Edward. N.B.S. 1872, 1. CI. N.B.; Stanton, 72-6, Gilboa, 76-9, 
Also S.S. Grand Gorge, 77-8. Presbyterian. 

Cornish, Floyd L., b. Lexington, N. Y., June 28, 1866. Private study. U.S. 
1894. 1. by the Presbytery of North River. (Pres. Bethlehem, N. Y., 
1894-97, Christ's Pres., Bayonne City, N. J., 1898. Asbury, N. J., 1900- 
1902). Gardiner, 1902-03. East Ntw York (after 1913 Forest Park, 
Brooklyn), 1904 

Cort, Cyrus, b. Greensburg, Pa., Mar. 15, 1834; Franklin and Marshall 
Coll. Pa., 60, Mercersburg Sem. Pa., 62, lie. by CI. Westmoreland, Pa., 
62; ord. by same, 63 (in Refd. Ger. Ch., Altoona, 63-8, Mt. Alto, Pa., 
68-70, Henry Sem., Henry City, 111., 70-3, Vinton, la., 73-7, Maquoketa, 
la., 77-8, Columbus Junction, la., 78-80, Leighton, la., 80-1), Pella, 2d, 
80-1 (Greencastle, Pa., 81-93, Wyoming, Del., and Ridgely, Md., 93-6, 
Sabillasville, Md., 96-1901.) d. 1920. 
Publications: "Col. Henry Bouquet and Campaigns of 1763-4." "Enoch 

Brown and Scholars, Massacred by Indians, July 26, 1764." "Memorial of 

Peter Minuit," read before the Delaware General Assembly, 1895. "Michael 

Schlatter, Our Reformed Ancestry," 1895. Many articles in "Refd. Church 

Review," magazines and papers, religious and secular. 

Corwin, Charles Edward (son of Edward T. Corwin), b. Sept. 7, 1868, at 
Millstone, N. J.; R.C. 92, N.B.S. 95, lie. by CI. of New Brunswick; 
Cuddebackville, N. Y., 95-7, Greenport, Columbia Co., N. Y., 1897- 
1905. (S.S. 2d Pres., New Brunswick, 1905-07). North Branch, 1907- 

15. Editing Doc. Col. Ch. of N.Y.C., 1915-18. Rocky Hill, 1918 -. 

Editor Som. Ch. News, 1918 . S.C. CI. N.B. 192c 

Publications : "Onesimus, A Tale of the Pauline Epistles," 1900. "King 

Solomon's Riddle," 1902. Editor, Manual Ref. Ch. in Am., 5th edition. 

Many articles in papers and magazines. 

Corwin, Edward Tanjore, b. in N. Y. C, July 12, 1834; Coll. of City of 
New York, 53, N.B.S. 56, 1. CI. Bergen; Resident Graduate at N.B.S. 
56-57, Paramus, 57-63, Hillsborough (Millstone), 63-88; also Instructor 
in Hebrew and O. T. Exegesis in N.B.S., Nov., 83-May, 84; Rector of 
Hertzog Hall, 88-95 ! Instructor in Heb. and O. T. Exegesis, Jan. -Mar., 
89, Jan. and Feb., 90, Sept., 90-May., 91 ; Instructor in N. T. Exegesis, 
Jan. -May, 92; Greenport, Columbia, Co., N. Y., 95-97; General Synod's 
Agent in Holland, for collecting ecclesiastical documents relating to 
America, Aug. 21, g7-Nov. 13, 98; editor the said ecclesiastical docu- 
ments (as well as others obtained by J. Romeyn Brodhead in 1841-4), 
for the state of New York, Julv, 1899-1905. Published as Ecc. Rec 
State of N. Y. 7 vol, 1901-1916. D.D. R.C, 1872. Litt.D. R.C, 

1911 . d. June 22, 1914. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1891. 

Dr Corwin was a genial, conscientious man, a faithful and a Scriptural 

preacher. His was a genius for hard work and he became the most eminent 

historian of the Ref. Ch. 

Min. Gen. Syn., 1915, 591. Index to Ecc. Rec. State of N. Y. 
Publications: For his numerous publications until 1902, see Manual, 

1902. After that were published Ecc. Rec. State of N. Y., 7 vol., 1901-16. 

A Digest of Synodical Legislation of Ref. Ch. in Am., 1906 and many 

articles for press. 

Cotton, Geo. Hale, b. South Bend, Ind., Oct. 12, 1857; Western Coll. la.; 
lie. by Conf . of United Bethren, Toledo, la., 83 ; preaching in Toledo 
Circuit, 83; supplied R. D. C Salem, S. D., 84-5, S.S. Linden, N.J., 
86-9; N.B.S. 89, supplied Middle Collegiate, N. Y. C, 89-91 ; ord. by CI. 
N. Y., 91, Schraalenberg, Jan., 1892-1906. Presbyterian. 
Publications : "An Easter Sermon." A few other sermons. Hist. 

Ser. at Centennial of Building Church of Schraalenberg, 1901. 

Cough Camp, 177.. — 178.., died. 



THE MINISTRY 29I 

Courtney, Robt. Wm., b. N.Y.C., July 27, 1873. R.C. 1899, N.B.S. 1902. 1. by 
CI. N.B. 1902. North Chapel Col. Ch., N.Y.C., 1902-04; Pastor 34th 

St. Ch., 1902-18; Ass. Ch. of St. Nicholas, 1918 

Cox, Henry Miller, b. Brooklyn, N. Y., July 5. 1854; R-C. 76, N.B.S. 79, 
1. CI. N. B.; South Bergen, N. J., 79-82, Herkimer, N. Y., 82-90, High 
Bridge, N. Y. C, 90-9, Prospect Hill, N. Y. C, 1901-1910. Harrington 
Park, N. J., 1911-16; drowned July 4, 1916. President Bd. of Pub- 
lication, 1914-16. 
He was a dignified and earnest man much interested in historical studies. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 191 7, 249. 

Publications: Sermon on Death of Pres. Garfield, in "Garfield Mem. 
Vol.," Jersey City, 1880. "Hist. Refd. Ch. Herkimer," 1886. Address at 
Funeral of Gen. F. E. Spinner, 1891. Sketches of Foreign Travel, in 
"Herkimer Citizen," 1889. Sermons and contributions to the press. "Rec- 
ollections of Gen. Spinner," in "College and School," Utica, Ap., 1890. 
"Rutgers '76 — 25 Years After," 1901. "The Cox Family in America," 191 1. 
Cozine, Cornelius, b. on Long Island, Nov. 4, 1718. About 1751 he removed 
to New Jersey. In 1762 he was living in Somerset Co., N. J. Pos- 
sibly he was a preacher before he left L. I.; Conewago, Pa., 1784-8. 
Craig, Horace P., b. at Centreville, N. J., Aug. 11, 1845; N.B.S. 75, lie. 
CI. Philadelphia; Locust Valley, June 16, 75-8o, Coeymans, 80-91, N. 
and S. Hampton, 1891-1911. Retired. 
Cramer. Henry, b. Oct. 7, 1877, Germany. Dubuque Col. 1908. Dubuque 
Sem. 1911. 1. by Pres. Waukon, 1911. (Pres. Tuenner, S. D., 1911-20). 

Delaware, Lennox, S. D., 1920 

Crane, Josiah E., b. Fair Oaks, N. Y., Ap. 27, 1853; R.C. 81, N.B.S. 84, 1. 
CI. Orange, Rocky Hill, 84-92, Schodack Landing, 92-6. Wurts- 
boro, 1896-1917. Ph.D. Martyn Col. S.T.D. Harriman Univ. 
Cranmer, Wm. Stockton, b. Barnegat, N. J., Dec. 19, 1858; R.C. 82, N.B.S. 
85, 1. CI. Bergen; Astoria, L. L, 85-93, Raritan, ist (Somcrville), 1893- 
1918. P.Em. 1918. Vice-Pres. Gen. Syn., 1907. D.D. R.C, 1903. 
Publications: Addresses, sermons, hymns. 
Craven, Elijah Richardson, b. Washington, D. C, Mar. 28, 1824; C.N.J. 
42, P.S. 48, lie. by Presb. of Baltimore, 47; ord. by CI. N. B., Feb. 2j^ 
50; Raritan, 2d (Somerville), N. J., 50-4 (Newark, 3d Presbyt., 54-87; 
Sec. Presbyt. Bd. Pub. and S.S. Work, 1887-1904). d. at Philadelphia. 
Jan. 5, 1908. D.D. by C.N.J. , 1859. LL.D. by L.C., 1890. Moderator 
of General Assembly, 1885. 
Publications: Numerous review and newspaper articles. Part of the 
Am. additions to "Lange's Commentary on John." All of the Am. addi- 
tions to "Lange's Commentary on the Book of Revelation." 
Crawford, John B., b. at Crawford, N. Y., 1814; R.C. 36, N.B.S. 39, 1- CI. 
Orange; Middletown Village, Nov. 1839-Oct., 40; d. See "Manual," 

1879. 

Crispell, Cor. Eltinge, b. in Marbletown, N. Y., Mar. 14, 1820; R.C. 39, 
N.B.S. 42, 1. CI. N. B.; Piermont, 42-47, Linlithgo, 47-57, Schoharie, 
57-63, Rector of Grammar School, New Brunswick, 1863-66, also Prof, 
of History in Rutgers College, 63-66. Prof, of Nat. Philosophy, Mathe- 
matics and Astronomy in Hope Coll. 66-7, Prof, of Didactic and 
Polemic Theology at Hope College, 67-79, Spring Valley, N. Y., 
1879-1905. P.E. d. 191C, Aug. 29. D.D. R.C, 1867. 
He filled his various preaching and teaching offices well. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 191 1, 255. 

D.D. R.C. 1867. 
Publications: "Hist, of West. Theolog. Sem.," in "Corwin's Manual," 

1879, pp. 123-8. "Hist, of Theolog. Instruction in the West," in "N. B. 

Sem. Centennial," PP- 171-180. Arts, on "Constitutional Amendments," in 

"Ch. Int." and pamphlet form. "Second Coming of Christ," 1901. 

Crispell, Peter, b. Hurley, N. Y., Jan. 6, 1862; R.C. 84, N.B.S. 87, 1. CI. 



292 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Kingston; Warwick, N. Y., 87-94, Utica,. N. Y., 1894-1902. Mont- 
gomery, 1902-15. S.S. Westminster Ch., Newburgh, N. Y., 1919. 
Publications : Sermons and articles in press. 

Crocker, Asahel B., b. at Cambridge, N. Y., 1813; U.C. 39, P.S. 42, 1. 
Presbyt. Troy; Glenville, 2d, 42-8 (Eastern, N. Y., Congreg.), 48-1850. 
Died. 

Croft, E. O. S.S. Blue Mountain, 1911-12. 

Crolius, Peter B., b. N. Y. C, 1837; Coll. C. N. Y lie. CI. L. I., Dec, 

70; Guttenberg, Oct. 15, 72-4, Kerhonksen, 75-1879; d. 

Crosby, Arthur, b. N. B., N. J., Ap. 10, 1847; R.C. 68, N.B.S. and U.S. 70, 
lie. CI. Poughkeepsie ; Presbyterian. See "U. S. Gen. Catalog." D.D. 
W. and J. C, 1892. 

: Publication : "A Reasonable Faith," 1888. 

Crosby, Howard, b. in N. Y. C, Feb. 27, 1826; N.Y.U. 44, lie. by N. Berk- 
shire Assoc, Mass., 59; reed, as a licentiate by CI. N. B., Oct. 16, 6o, 
dismissed to Presbyt. of N. B., Ap. 16, 61 ; Prof, of Greek in N.Y.U., 
50-9, Prof, of Greek Lang, and Lit. in R.C. 60-3 (New Brunswick, ist 
Presb., 61-3, N. Y. C, 4th Av. Presbyt., 63-1891 ; d. March 29). S.T.D. 
by Harvard, 1859. LL.D. by C.C., 1872. 
See "Biog. Notices of Rutgers Coll. Grads. and Professors," 1891, 12. 

Cross, C. W. Ass. Fort Washington Col. Ch., N. Y. C, 1919. Presbyterian. 

Crousas, Jean S., Sayville, L. L, 1888-90. 

Cruikshank, John C, b. Nov. 16, 1811, at Salem, Washington Co.. N. Y. ; 

U.C. 34, N.B.S. 37, Jic by CI. of L. L; Hyde Park, 37-43, Hurley, 

43-50, Little Falls, 50-68. Supt. Schools, Passaic Co., N. J., 1869-91. 

d. Nov. 12, 1899. D.Sc. R.C., 1891. 

See Manual, 1902 . Ch. Int., Nov. 29, 1899. 

Publications : "No Intermediate Place," 1839. "Oration at Burial of 

Col. Duncan," 1849. "Errors of Lossing's Field Book and Eager's Hist. 

Ulster Co.," 1852. Address before Passaic Co. Inst, on "Perseverance, 

Energy, and Decision of Purpose in the Cause of Education," 1863. "Hist. 

of Schools in Passaic Co." Centennial Exh., 1876. "Annual Reports of 

Pub. Schls. of Passaic Co.," 1868-76. 

Cruikshank, Wm. (brother of John C), b. at Salem, N. Y., Mar. 12, 1798; 
U.C. 1821, N.B.S. 24, 1. CI. N. B.; Flatlands and New Lots, 25-34, New- 
burgh, 35-38, S.S. Mamakating, 49-54; d. See "Manual," of 1879. 

Cruikshanks, James, b. Haddington, Scotland, 1828; Y.C. 54, And. Sem. 56 
(South Maiden Mass.; Spencer, N. Y. ; serving in the Christian Com- 
mission of the Army) ; Metuchen, 1882-7. Died June 3, 1889. 

Cummings, Lawrence P., Manhattan, N. Y. C, 1870-2. 

Cunningham, Samuel Robert, b. Antrim, Ireland, Sept. 30, 1857; Temple 
Coll. Philadelphia, Pa., 88, N.B.S. 91, lie CI. N. B.; Colts Neck, 91- 
1901, Ponds, N. J., 1901-1906. w. c d. March 15, 1913. Ph.D. Taylor 
Univ., 1899. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1913, 893. 

Currie, Robt. Ormiston, b. 1806; R.C. 29, Rector of N. B. Gram. Schl. 30-1, 
N.B.S. 34, 1. CI. N. B.; New Utrecht, 35-1866; d. See "Manual," of 
1879. D.D. by R.C. 1850. 
Publications : "Memoir of Rev. Geo. A. Shelton, Rector of St. James 

Parish, Newtown, L. I.," 1865. "The Beloved Physician." "Memorial of 

John Ludlow Crane, M.D." "Memorial of James E. DuBois, M.D." 

Curtenius, Antonius, b. at Drenthe, Neths., 1698 ; matriculated at University 
of Groningen, Oct. 4, 1724, as a student of theology; matric, at Leyden 
University, Aug. 23, 1725, as a student of theology, being 26 years old. 
Ordained by Classis of Amsterdam, Oct. 3, 1729. Arrived in New 
York, Oct. 24, 1730; Hackensack, 1730-7; Hackensack and Schraalen- 
berg, 1737-55; also supplying Paramus occasionally, 1737-48; Brooklyn, 
Flatlands, Bushwick, Flatbush, New Utrecht, and Gravesend, 1755-6; 
died. 



THE MINISTRY 293 

Curtenius was pastor at Hackensack when those difficuhies began which 
for nearly a century and a half, distracted the religious communities of Ber- 
gen County, N. J. 

The origin of these difficulties is somewhat obscure but their general 
nature can be understood (Goetschius, J. H., Jr.). 

Another minister was called, as a colleague, after Mr. Curtenius had 
preached in his charges for eighteen years. This may have been partly on 
account of the excessive labor, and partly on account of the disaffection 
of some toward Domine Curtenius, who, was not very popular. Yet the 
latter installed Mr. Goetschius as his colleague. They were, moreover, 
both members of the Coetus. although when Coetus proposed turning itself 
into a Classis, in 1753, Curtenius, with several others became the bitter 
opponent of the Coetus. The elders and deacons of his charge seem to have 
been, without exception, inimical to Curtenius. He was not treated by them 
with the deference which was his due, they not even consulting him in impor- 
tant Inisiness matters. He often preached without a single one of them in 
their places. 

Yet he had his friends, and the year after he left Hackensack (1756), 
having been called by the party of Arondeus on Long Island to succeed that 
troublesome man, his party at Hackensack and Schraalenburgh had them- 
selves organized into new and independent consistories. This service was 
done by Domine Haeghoort, of Second River (1756). The new organiza- 
tions now called John Schuyler, of Schoharie, to succeed Curtenius. Mr. 
Schuyler had been ordained to the ministry in this country, indeed (but by ex- 
press direction of the Classis of Amsterdam), in 1736, by Domines Erickson 
and Haeghoort. He had been a member of Coetus from its origin, but now 
against their wishes took charge of these new organizations, and was cen- 
sured by them for it. Coetus seems to have hoped that the separation would 
not continue. But the committee of Coetus who imposed the censure, namely, 
T. Frelinghuysen, Verbryck, Fryenmoet, and J. Leydt, were prosecuted for 
it. But the division was made, and continued, with all its unhappy influ- 
ences and s'ns, for many years. Yet Curtenius seems to have been a mild 
and prudent man. Says his obituary : "He was remarkable for his inde- 
fatigable diligence in the ministration of his office. His actions in all the 
affairs of life have ever been accompanied with the strictest rules of justice, 
so that none could with more propriety claim the title of a preacher and 
sincere Christian, which not only his morals manifested, but his happy 
death." A funeral eulogy on him was printed in New York by H. Goelet.- — • 
"Ecc. Rec, N. Y.," "Taylor's Annals." The remnants of the old secession 
late in the 19th century joined the "Christian Reformed Church" of the 
West ; while some of the seceder churches became Presbyterian. 
Curtis, Mattoon Monroe, b. Westmoreland, N. Y., Oct. 19. 1858; Ham. C. 
80, U.T.S. 83; ord. by CI. Westchester; Hastings-on-Hudson. 83-5 
(Cleveland, O. (Presb.), 85-8, Prof, of Philosphy, West. Reserve Uni- 
versity, Cleveland, O., 1891 ). Ph.D. Un. Leipsic, 1890. 

Curtis, Norman R. Rec'd from Universalists 1916. Mescalero, N. M., 

1916-17. Presbyterian 1918. 
Gushing. David, b. 1801 ; N.B.S. 31, 1. CI. Philadelphia; S.S. Walpack, 31-2, 

Kindcrhook, 2d, 34-5 (Lockport. N. Y.. and Portsmouth, O., 55-1849). 
Cussler. Henry Charles, b. Shclbume Falls, Mass., Dec. 2, 1866; R.C. 93, 
N.B.S., 96, 1. CI. Greene; Free Refd. Ch. Jersey City, 96-1901, Buffalo, 

Lafayette Ave., 1901-1911. Fonda 191 1 

Publication's: Articles in Intelligencer. 
Cutler, Frederick Walker, b. Morristown, N. J., March 24, 1861. R.C. '83. 
U.S. '8.6. 1. by Pres. of Morris and Orange 1886. (Pres. ist, Wood- 
haven, L. I., 1886-96; Mendham, N. J.. 1897-99) ; Yonkers ist, 1902-18. 
War Work, 1918. President of Part. Synod of N. Y. 191 1. 
Cuyler, Cornelius C, b. in Albany, 1783; U.C. 1806, studied under Bassett 
and Livingston, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1808; Poughkeepsie, 1809-33 (Phila- 



294 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

delphia Presbyt., i833--May, 50) ; d. Aug. 31, 1850. Elected a trustee 
of R.C. 1827. D.D. by U.C. 1828. 
He was of strong body and earnest Christian character. His success in 
the pastorate was unusual. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Narrative of Revival of Religion at Poughkeepsie," 1815. 
"Whose Children Are Entitled to Baptism," 1816. "Charge to Dr. Mille- 
doler When Installed Prof, of Theology," 1825. "Letters, Mag. R.D.C.," 
iii, 253, 292, 330. "Discourse on Death of Rev. Dr. G. R. Livingston," 
1834. "Decline of Revivals," 1834. "Believer's Sojourn on Earth and 
Expectation of Heaven," 1836. Art. in "Sprague's Annals" on Dr. S. S. 
WoodhuU. "Signs of the Times," a vol. of discourses, 1839. "Evidences 
of a Gracious State." Tract 17, Vol. 3, of Presbyt. Tracts. See "Princ. 
Rev.," 1840. 

Cuyler, Theodore Ledyard, b. Aurora, N. Y., Jan. 10, 1822; C.N.J. 41, P.S. 

46; lie. Presb. of Philadelphia (S.S. Burlington, N. J., 1846; ord. 

Evang. 47; Trenton, 3d, 1849-53); N. Y. C, Market St., 1853-60 

(Brooklyn, Park St., Presb. 1860-1890. "Pastor-at-Large"— 1890-1909. 

d. Feb. 26. 

Dr. Cuyler was preeminently the "beloved pastor" of Brooklyn for more 

than a generation. His personal influence was very widely extended by his 

writings. 

Publications : He published nearly 5,000 articles in the leading religious 
papers of America and Europe. His books of devotion, inspiration, instruc- 
tion and comfort numbered more than twenty. 

See his autobiography : "Recollections of a Long Life." — 1902. 

Dahlmann, John J. W. From Presbytery of Nassau (Melrose, 1861-3, Phil- 
adelphia, G.R. 63-5) ; R.D.C. 1865. 
Dailey, William N. P., b. Schenectady. N. Y., July 28, 1862; U.C. 84, 

Hartford Sem. 87. 1. by Hartford Cong. Ass. 1886; ord. by Presbyt. 

of Utah '88 (Presbyt. Miss, in South Utah, 87-90) ; Albany, 3d, 90-97, 

Athens, N. Y., ist, 97-1901. Amsterdam (Trinity), 1903-11. Classical 

Miss. CI. Montgomery, 1912-16. Classical Miss. CI. Bergen, 1916-17. 

Ass. Marble Col. Ch., N. Y. C, 1918-19. CI. Miss. N.C. L.L 1920. 

N.B.S. Supt. 96-7, '08-13. 
Publications : "Hist. Stone Arabia Ch.," 1915. "Hist. Fort Herkimer 
Ch.," 1917. "Mohawk Valley Fate," 1917. "Hist. CI. of Montgomery," 
1916. Chapter in U.C. in this work. Many articles in the papers. 
Daille, Pierre, born at Chatteleraut, France, 1649; Prof, of Theolog. 

School of Saumur, 1679-82; French Reformed Ch., N. Y. C, 1683-96; 

supplied New Paltz, Staten Island and other French chs., occasionally, 

1683-92, and itinerated among them constantly, 1902-6; Boston, School 

St., French Refd. 1696-1715; d. May 20. 
He was the first regular Huguenot pastor in New York. Selyus said of him : 
"Domine Peter Daille, late Professor at Salmun (Saumur) has become my 
colleague. He is full of fire, godliness and learning. Banished on account 
of his religion, he maintains the cause of Jesus Christ with untiring zeal." 
In 1692 he fell under the displeasure of Leisler, although subsequently he 
attempted to save him from execution. Upon the arrival of Bonrepos, who 
took charge of the French on Staten Island, and in response to a call from 
Boston, Daille removed thither. The Boston News-Letter had the follow- 
ing notice of his death : "On Monday morning last, the 20th current Dyed 
here the Reverend Mr. Peter Daille, Pastor of the French Congregation, 
aged about 66 years. He was a Person of great Piety, Charity, affable and 
courteous Behaviour, and of an exemplary Life and Conversation, much 
Lamented, especially by his Flock." 

See Manual, 1902. 
Dalhoff, Henry Christian, b. Jan. 6, 1891, Germany. Bloomfield Acd., 



THE MINISTRY 295 

Bloomfield Sem. 1919. I. by Presbytery of Newark, 1920. Raritan, 
N. J., 4th (German) S.S. 1918-20, Pastor 1920-22; Far Rockaway, N. 
Y., 1922. 

Dame, Clarence P., b. Broek, Neth., Oct. 18, 1885. H.C. 1913- W.T.S. 
1916. 1. by CI. Wis. 1916. Grand Rapids, Calvary, 1916-18; Holland, 
Mich., Trinity, 1918 

Dangremond, Arthur C. V.. b. South Haven, Mich., Dec. 21, 1878 (son 
of Rev. G. Dangremond). H.C. 1899, N.B.S. 1902. Coblcskill, N. Y., 
1902-03; Prattsville and Grand Gorge, 1903-08; College Point, 1908-15; 
Fishkill-on-Hudson, Beacon, 1915 

Dangremond, George C, b. Hamilton, Mich., Oct. 21, 1872. (son of Rev. 
G. Dangremond). H.C. 1895, N.B.S. 98, 1. by CI. Rochester. East 
Williamson, 1898-1903; Ghent, 2d, 1903-08; Rensselaer, 1908-09; Flat- 
bush (Saugerties), 1909-13; New Hurley, Wallkill, 1913-16; High 
Falls, the Clove, 1916-1921 ; Cortland, N. Y., 1921 

Dangremond, Gerrit, b. Prov. of Overisel, Neths., Feb. 5, 1839; H.C. 1866, 
W.T.S. 69, 1. CI. Holland; Hamilton, Mich.. 69-73 (Cong., Mattewan, 
73-75, and Fremont, Mich., 75-79), South Haven and Twin Lakes, 
79-84, Detroit, 84-85. East Saugatuck, 85-89, Hospers and Le Mars, 
Iowa, 89-95, Arcadia, N. Y., 1895-1907, w. c. 

Danner, Julius Le Moyne, b. Logan, O., 1842, Beloit Coll. 63, U.S. 67; 
N.Y.C. Union, 6th Ave., 69-71, Paterson, N. J., ist, 81-1891; for fur- 
ther details, see "U. S. Cat." 

Dater, Henry, b. Ramsay, N. J., Feb. S, 1827; R.C. 47, N.B.S. 50, 1. CI. 
Paramus; Branchville, 50-54, Hyde Park, 54-77, w. c. Died Oct. 19, 
1899. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1900, 894; "Biog. Notices, Grads. of 
R. C," 1900, 19. Christian Intelligencer, Nov. 8, 1899. 

Darrach, W. B., Kerhonksen, N. Y., 1885-6, w. c. 86-1893. 

Dassori, Agustino. Classis of New Brunswick 1911-15. Dis. Pres. 1915 

Davenport, Jerome A., b. Brooklyn. Un. N.Y. 1840. N.B.S. 1847, 1. CI. 
N.B.; Miss, to Thousand Isles, 47-50, Miss, to Wisconsin, 1854, Epis- 
copalian. 

Davidson, T. W. Brooklyn. Church on the Heights, 1921 

Davie, J. T. M. From Presbvt. North River, 1853; Flatlands, 53-61; d. 
1862. 

Davis, Edwin Emerson. Newark, 2d, N. Y. Ave., 1910-17; Athens, N. Y., 
1921 

Davis, George, b. Whitehouse, N. J., May 4, i860, R.C. '84. N.B.S. 87. 
Peapack, 1887-93, Marbletown, N. Y., 1893-1901, Attorney for Anti- 
Saloon League, 1901. Canajoharie, 1911-14. d. March 31. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 243. 

Davis, John A., b. Oct. 28, 1839, at Flatbush, Ulster Co., N. Y. ; R.C. 65, 
N.B.S. 68, 1. CI. Ulster; ord. as an Evangelist, Sept., 68; visiting the 
churches for For. Bd. 68-9, Amoy, 69-70, in service of Bd. F.M. 
70-2. Palisades. Jan. 72-3, Pottersville, 73-8, Oyster Bay. 78-83, Newark, 
2d, 83-9 (Presb., Hempstead, L. I., 89-93, Nyack, 93-97) ; died Sept. 24. 
Compelled on account of ill health to retire from the foreign mission 

field, he became eminent as a promoter of missionary enthusiasm among the 

churches at home. 

See "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1898, 23. Manual. 1902. 
Publications: "The Chinese Slave Girl." "Leng Tso, the Chinese 

Bible Woman." "Chohh Linn, the Chinese Boy Who Became a Preacher." 

"The Young Mandarin." "Tom Bard." "The Flaw in the Iron." "Upton." 

"Rescue the Drunkard," etc. He published 14 vols, in all. 

Davis, Joseph Page (son of Wm. P. Davis), b. Guilderland, N. Y., Nov. 
9.-1859; U.C. 81. N.B.S. 84. CI. Schenectady; Bethlehem, ist. 84-6, 
Albany. 3d, 86-1887; d. April 16. See 'Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1887, 437. 

Davis, Lyman E., b. Perrysburg. O., Dec. 28. 1864; Nebraska Univ. i year; 
Adrian Coll. 77; lie. Ohio Conf., Meth. Epis. Ch. 1878 (Cong. Chs., 
IMiddletown, Albany; Meth. Chs., Brooklyn, Tarrytown, Pittsburg); 



296 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Fort Miller and Northumberland, 1896-7. At own request name re- 
moved from roll. Engaged in Editorial Work connected with Metho- 
dist Record. 

Davis, Lloyd G. Teacher Bible Training School, N. Y. C. S.S. Douglaston, 
L. I., 1919 

Davis, Titus Elwood (brother of John A. Davis), b. Flatbush, Ulster Co., 
N. Y., April 15, 1851; R.C. 74, N.B.S. TJ, 1. CI. Ulster. Fairmount, 
N. J., 77-80, Schagticoke, N. Y., 80-7. (Presbyt. Valatie, N. Y., 88-90, 
Bound Brook, N. J., 1890-1904. Westminster, Washington, D. C, 

1905 )■ 

Publications: "The Master's Call," 1880 "First Houses of Bound 

Brook," 1895. "Battle of Bound Brook," 1896. "From New Jersey to 

California," 1897. "100 Years of Masonry in Washington," 1911. 

Davis, Wesley Reid, b. Maryland, Jan. 14, 1847. Wesleyan Univ. 1868. 
(Settled in Meth. Chs. Maryland, Brooklyn, Harlem). Albany, 2nd, 
1882-88; Brooklyn Heights, 88-93, w. c. d. Jan. 26, 1905. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1905, 274. 

Davis, Wm. E. (s. of Wm. P. Davis), b. at Princetown, N. Y., Feb. 18, 
184s; R.C. 68, N.B.S. 71, 1. CI. Schenectady; North Hempstead, 71-9, 
South Branch, 79-83, Lebanon, 1883-1905, Freehold, ist, 1905-11, Knox 
and Berne, 2d, 1912-15. S.S. Harrington Park, 1916-17. d. 1920, March 
28. 
See Min. Gen. Sj-n., 1920, 282. 
Publications: "Thanksgiving Sermon at Manhasset." 1875. "Funeral 

Sermon of Mrs. Eliza Onderdonk, Manhasset," 1876. "Life and Ministry 

of Rev. Wm. Pitcher, South Branch," 1883. "Why Liquor Should Not Be 

Sold in Lebanon," 1897. 

Davis, Wm. Page, b. at Ware, Mass., Sept. 6, 1806; U.C. zz\ studied the- 
ology one year with President Nott ; two years with Dr. Beman, of 
Troy, N. Y. (supplying Hamilton, Union and Bethlehem (Presbyt.), 
1834-43), Princetown, N. Y., 43-8, Helderberg, 48-52, Coeymans and 
New Baltimore, 52-6 (S.S., Rochester and Vienna, Wis., Presbyt. six 
months in 1856), Helderberg, 56-70, Rotterdam, 2d, 71-5, Lawyersville, 
77-84; died Jan. 7, 1894. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Dawson, Edward, b. Walden, N. Y., Oct. 10, 1871 ; R.C. 98, N.B.S. 1901, 
1. CI. Orange; West Hoboken, N. J., 1901-1912; Acquackanonck, Pas- 
saic, N. J., 1912 . Member Bd. Publication. Member of Ex. Com. 

and Recording Sec. B.F.M. 

Day, D. J. Steward, b. Feb. 2, 1882. Ashley, Pa. Princeton 1904. Auburn 
Sem. 1908. 1. by Presbytery Lackawanna. Missionary, Amoy, China, 
1908-14. Congregational, 1914-19. Reformed 1919 

Dean Artemus, b. at Cornwall, N. Y., 1824; A.C. 1842, A.S. 1848, lie. by 
Andover Assoc. 1848; ord. by Ecc. Council in Vt. 1849 (Johnson, Vt., 
1849-51, Newbury, Vt., 1851-7), Schenectady, N. Y., 1858 (Greenfield, 
Mass., 1861-6, Westboro, Mass., 1867-9, all Cong. Chs.), Owasco Outlet, 
1873-5, High Bridge, 1875-85, Palisades, 1894-1900, w. c. Pres. d. 
July 10, 1916. 

De Baun, Isaac J., b. 1836, 1. by Seceders, i860; Montville, 1861-5, Para- 
mus, 1868-75; died 189s. 

De Baun, John A., b. in Rockland Co., N. Y., 1833; R.C. 52, N.B.S. 55- 

1. CI. Paramus; Oyster Bay, 55-8, Niskayuna and Lisha's Kill, 58-81, 

Niskayuna, 81-3, Fonda, 83-1900; d. June 22. D.D. by U.C. 1877. 

Pres. of Gen. Synod 1880. 

He was eminent as a scholar, a preacher and a pastor, and in the councils 

of the Church. 

He served on many of the committees looking toward Church Union or 

Federation, especially on those relating to the German Church. See "Mints. 

Gen. Syn.," 1901, 1230. "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C, 1901, 8. Manual, 

1902. 



THE MINISTRY 297 

Publications: "Hitherto Hath the Lord Helped Us," 1862. "Plea and 
Plan for Presbyt. Unity," "Princeton Rev.," 1865. "A Neglected Point in 
Morals," "Evang. Repository and United Presb. Rev.," 1866. "Exegesis 
of Rom.," 8: 19-23; ditto, 1866. "Sermon on Character and Con.summa- 
tion of Christian Love," 1862. "Memorial Sermon on Joseph Stanford," 
1873. "Memorial Sermon on Elder A. V. P. Lansing," 1875. "Hist. 
Sketch of Chs. of Niskayuna and Lisha's Kill," 1876. "Sermon on Benevo- 
lence Before Gen. Synod," in "Ch. Int.." 1878. "Letters from Europe," in 
"Ch. Int." and Schenectady "Daily Union," 1878. "Sermon at the Funeral 
of Rev. Henry Raymond," 1879. "Sketch of Rev. Dr. A. B. Van Zandt," 
in "Centennial of New Brunswick Scm.," p. 456. 
De Baun, John Y., b. in Rockland Co., N. Y., 1827; 1. by the Seceders, 1856; 

Ramapo and Hempstead, 1856-60, Hackensack and English Neighbor- 
hood, 1860-75, Hackensack, 75-87, Grand Rapids, 87-92, Leonia, N. J., 

9^-5; d. 
De Beer, J. Immanual Ch., Belmont, Iowa, 1895-8, Baileyville, 111., 98-1900, 

Zoar and Washington Chs. at Ackley, Iowa, 1899-1903, Pekin, 2d, 

1903-10, Harrison, S. D., 1914 

De Beer, J. B., Forreston, 1867-70, Grand Haven, 1870-2, Cleveland, 1872-4, 

Parkcrsburgh, Iowa, 1874-80. 
De Bey, Bernardus, b. in Drenthe, Neths., Oct. 10, 1816; c. to America, 

68; Chicago (Hoi.), 68-91, Emeritus. Died Feb. 9, 1894. 
His preparation for the ministry was wholly private, but under able in- 
structors. He was pastor at Middlestum, Groningen, for twenty-four years. 
He was a superior Latin and Greek scholar and a proficient in Hebrew and 
in Systematic Theology. In Holland he had been a long time one of the 
Board of Examiners in the Theological School of Kampen. As a preacher 
he was profoundly evangelical in thought and very effective in manner ; in 
ministerial plans and work he was thoroughly practical. He came to 
America as a friend of Dr. Van Raalte, with a large Holland colony, at- 
tracted by the fertile farming lands of Michigan and Illinois. 

His perfect familiarity with the history and elements of the Holland 
Church at home and here, his solid personal character and the high regard 
in which he was held by all, excited strong hope that he might be blessed to 
the healing of the ecclesiastical divisions among his countrymen. This hope 
was not realized, but his coming was greatly blessed to the First Church of 
Chicago, of which he became pastor. Very feeble when it received him in 
1868. it grew under his twenty-three years of care to ver\'- great strength. 
Beginning in a little chapel, it now has an imposing house of worship. 
Beginning with small numbers, it long ago became an immense congre- 
gation, and has become the parent of three other flourishing churches. 
"Mints. Gen. Svnod," 1894, 219. 
De Bey, Dirk John, b. Drenthe, Neths., Feb. 22, 1851; H.C. 79, N.B.S. 82, 

1. CI. Wisconsin; Clymcr (Abbe Ch.), 82-7, Gibbsville, Wis., 87-96. 

Grand Rapids, 2d, 96-100, Holland, Neb., 1900-09. Lansing, 111., 1909-17. 

S.S. Wichita, Kan., 1919-20. d. March 10. An Expository Preacher. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1920. 281. 
De Boer, Douwe. H.C. N.B.S. 1919. Col. Univ. 1920. U.T.S. 1921. 1. 

by CI. N.B. 1919. (Pres. Marlboro, N. Y., ist. 1921 ). 

De Boer, John A., b. Oct. 22, 1872, Bakhuzen, Neths. Col. Univ. U.T.S. 

1. by Pres. of Jersey City, 1912. (Pres. Mariners' Church, N.Y.C., 

1909-13) ; Faith Mission Col. Ch., N.Y.C., 1913-17. Rec'd from Pres. 

1917. Anderson Memorial, N.Y.C., 1917 . 

De Boer, John J., b. Chippewa Lake. Mich., Nov. 6. 1890. H.C. 1915. 

Post Graduate Univ. Mich. 1917. N.B.S. 1921. 1. by CI. N.B. 1921. 
De Bruine, Sytze, b. Kollum, Neths., Oct. 24, 1859. McCormick Sem. 

1. by Pres. of Chicago, 1907. (Pres. Dell Rapids, 1907-09). Pella, la., 

Bethel, 1909-13, Muscatine, la., 1913-14. CI. Miss. CI. of Pella, 1914-17, 

Pclla, Bethel, 1917-19, Oskaloosa, Central, 1919-21. Visiting in Holland. 
De Briiyn, J. A., Pastor Elect, Paterson, 6th, 1885. 



298 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

De Bruyn, Peter, b. at Zeeland, Mich., Oct. 24, 1850; H.C. 70, H.S. 73, 1. 
CI. Holland; Rochester, 1873-91, Grand Haven, 1891-97; d. May 18. 
His parents were among the earliest Holland immigrants to Western 
Michigan. His father was an elder in the church and a teacher in the village 
school at Zeeland. The son's youth was spent in that place and in Holland, 
whither his parents removed. Springing from sturdy pioneer stock, he was 
imbued with the spirit of the early Dutch settlers. As a citizen and noble 
Christian worker he endeared himself to all by his life and a conscientious 
discharge of his many duties. Unassuming and reliable, he met every duty 
and sorrow courageously, devoting himself to the Christian education of 
those with whom he had to do. He was most highly esteemed as a man 
with pure motives, high ideals and irreproachable character. As a pulpit 
orator it is claimed that he had few superiors. He was equally gifted in 
the Holland and English languages. His sermons and addresses were con- 
vincing and models of logic. His bearing before an audience kept the at- 
tention of his hearers. He was a most kindly man and his work among his 
parishioners most efifective. The Consistory of his first charge at Rochester 
expressed great gratitude for his labors in establishing their church. The 
church he served in Grand Haven is one of the largest in the State. He 
witnessed a remarkable growth in its membership and during his pastorate 
many improvements were made. He was Secretary of the Western Social 
Conference. His urbane and gracious presence was a great delight to his 
brethren. Interested in all matters pertaining to the church, his contribu- 
tions whether prepared or spontaneous, were always suggestive and help- 
ful. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," ^897, 7/3. Christian Intelligencer, June 9, 1897. 
De Buhr, Peter, b. East Friesland, Germany. Mission House Col. 1907. 
Mission House Sem. 1910. (1. by CI. Dakota. R.C. U.S. 1910. Ash- 
ley, N. D., 1910-13). Logan, Dell Rapid, S. D. 1913 

Deck, H. A. Rec'd from Cong. 1915. Wanaque, 1916-19. (Cong. Hills- 

boro, Oregon, 1919 

Decker, Elsworth W., b. Cranford, N. J., Feb. 7, 1873. N.B.S. 1906. 

Rosendale, N. Y., 1906-08. Westwood, N. J.. 1908 

Decker, Floyd, b. Flatbrookville, N. J.. Sept. 28, 1869; R.C. 98, N.B.S. 
1901. 1. CI. N.B., Keyport, 1901-1908. Ass. Middle Col. Ch., N. Y. C, 
1903-04. Ch. of the Comforter, N. Y. C, 1904-12. Elmendorf Chapel 
(ist Harlem Col., N. Y. C), 1912-18. d. Dec. i. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1919, 92c. 
Decker, Henry E. W.C. 1854, N.B.S. 1857, 1. CI. Rensselaer, 1857; New 
Concord, 1857-60, Piermont, 1860-5, Grand Rapids, 1865-7, Havana, 
1867-72, Davenport, 1872-5, teaching, 1876 (Turin, N. Y., Presbyt.) ; 
died March 25, 1893. 
Deelsnyder, C. W. Northern 111. Col. 1901. W.S. 1905. 1. by CI. Wis. 
DeMotte, Ind., 1905-07; Luctor, Prairie View, Kan., 1908-12; Atwood, 
Central Lake, Mich., 1912-14; Sully (Bethany), la., 1914-18; Sand- 
stone, Minn., 1920 

De Fraest, David R., b. in Greenbush, Rensselaer Co., N. Y., 1785 ; N.B.S. 
1818, 1. CI. N.B. 1818; Cato, 1821-5, Cato and Stirling, 1825, independ- 
ent, 1825-8, 1828, suspended; Assoc. Presbyt.; d. 1851. 
De Graff, Garret D. L., b. Marbletown, N. Y., May 18, 1869; N.B.S. 1901, 
1. CI. Kingston; Blue Mountain, N. Y., 1901-1905. Berne, 1905-08, 
Cortland, 1909-10. d. Nov. 23. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 191 1, 257. 
De Groot, David, b. in Friesland, Neths., Aug. 6, 1871 ; Gymnasium in 
Neths. ; Calvin C. W.S. 97, 1. CI. Mich.; Otley, Iowa, 97-9, Roseland, 
Minn., 1899-1903. Churchville, Luctor, Minn., 1903-05. (Pres. Hospers, 
la., 1905-17), w. c. 
Publication : "Volksviend." 
De Haai, C. Rec'd from Pres. 191 2. d. July, 1921. 
De Haan, John, Danforth, 111., 1898, Summit, 111., 1899-1903. S.S. 



THE MINISTRY 299 

Emmanuel Mission, Irving Park, Chicago, 1902-04. Grand Rapids, 
6th, 1904-10. Kalamazoo, 3d, 1910-17. 
DeHand, C. 1913. A mistake for De Haai. 

De Hart, Wm. H., b. at New Brunswick, N. J., 1837; R.C. 65, N.B.S. 68, 1. 
CI. Bergen; N. and S. Hampton, 68-71, N.Y.C., Knox Mem. Chapel, 
71-7, Jamaica, 77-87, Bethlehem, ist, 87-8, Raritan, 3d, 1888-1911. 
Stated Clerk of General Synod, 1896-1915. d. Feb. 14, 1916. D.D. R.C. 
1900. 
His loyalty to the Reformed Church and his kindly spirit made him a 
useful and beloved minister. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1916, 936. 
DeHollender, John A., b. Zeeland, Neths., Jan. 4, 1875. Univ. Mich., 1905. 
N.B.S. 1908. Pultneyville, 1908-10; Principal Annville, Industrial In- 
stitute, 191 1 ; Cicero, N. Y., 1912-15; Amity, Visscher's Ferry, 1916-18; 
Glenville, ist, Schenectady, 1918-20. 
Dejong, DeJonge. Sec also DeYoung. 
Dejong, Abraham, see DeYoung. 

Dejong, Fred. H. H.C. 1916. W.T.S. 1919. Student Princeton 1920. 
1. by CI. W. Sioux 1919. Ord. by CI. West Sioux 1920. McKee, Ky., 
1920. 
De Jong, Jacob P., b. Roseland, 111., Oct. 31, 1854. H.C. 1880, McCormick 
Scm., Chicago, 83, 1. CI. Wisconsin; Greenleafton, Minn., 83-5, New 
Holland, Mich., 85-87, Chicago, Englewood, 87-93, Zeeland, 1893-1910, 

Alton, la., 191C . Member Council H.C. Member Bd. Trustees 

Central C. 
Publications: Articles for Dutch press. 
Dejong. Peter C. Sheboygan Falls, Wis., 1904-07 ; Grand Rapids, Bethel, 

1908-10; Manito, 1910-12; Danforth, 111., 1912-18. Pres. 
De Jonge, Albert Willem, b. Appindegam, Groningen, Neths., Sept. 22, 
1868; W.S. 98, 1. CI. Holland; Holland, 4th, Mich., 1898-1903. Grand 
Rapids, 3d, 1903-05, Hull, la., 1905-13, Grand Rapids, 7th, 1914-18. 

Ch. Ref. Ch., 1918-21, Steen, Minn, 1921 

De Jonge, B. (brother of A. W. De Jonge), W.S. 1900, Gelderland, Mich., 
1900-1902. Chicago, Northwestern, 1902-04; Sioux Centre, la., 1904- 
12; Carmel, Rock Valley, la., 1912-14; Rock Valley, ist, 1914-17. 
Christian Reformed Church. 
De Jonge, Gerhard, b. Zeeland, Mich., June 8, 1859; H.C. 82, W.S. 87, 1. 
CI. Holland; S. Blendon, Mich., 87-90, Vriesland, Mich., 1890-1912. 
Educational Agent of H.C. and W.S. 1912-14. Classical Miss. CI. Hol- 
land 1914 . Member of Council H.C. 1890 . S.C. CI. Holland 

1889. Associate Editor of De Hope. D.D. by H.C. 1921. 
Publications: "In How Far Does the Western Seminary Supply the 
Needs of the Western Field," an address delivered at quarter centennial of 
W.S. Historical Address delivered at Semi-Centennial of H.C. Many 
articles for the press. 

De Jonge, Johu Lukas, b. Roseland, 111., Dec. 12, 1872; H.C. 93, P. S. 96, 
winning the Hebrew Fellowship, $600, that year. Orange City, Iowa, 
96-7; died at San Diego, Feb. 6, 1898. 
DeJonge, Wm. P., b. at Goes, Neth., 1824; grad. at Kampen, Hoi., Oct. 
58; lie. and ord. by Christian Ref. Ch., Holland. 58; settled in chs. of 
Refd. Christian Ch., Neths., 58-71; Grandville, Mich., 71-1887; d. 
Aug. 8. 
He was an able preacher. His sermons were always edifying. His aim 
was to establish his people in the truth. Such was his love of preaching 
that even after his health began to fail and when in groat physical weak- 
ness, he still ascended the pulpit and continued his labors until the Master 
called him. He was already in middle life when he came to America in 
1 87 1, but he at once joined the Refd. Ch. in America and was always in 
hearty sympathy with it. During the agitation and secession movement, 



300 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1880-2, he stood firm as a rock against it and manifested his loyalty by 
word and deed. He pubHshed at this time an earnest pamphlet against 
the movement and advocated loyalty to the Refd. Ch. in A. — D. Broek. 
See also "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1888, 676. 

De Jongh, John, H.C. 1897, W.S. IQCO. 1. by CI. Holland. Wormser City, 
1st, Montana, 1900-01; Pella, Neb., 1901-08; Rock Valley, la., 1908-14; 

Edgerton, Minn., 1914 

Dekker, Frederick G., b. Zwartshius. Neths., July 11, 1866, Lit. Depart- 
ment, Theolog. Sem. Kampen. Holland, 1892. N.B.S. 96, 1. CI ; 

Wortendyke. N. J., 06-97, Paterson, ist, Holl., 1897-1910; Doon, la., 
1910-12. Classical Miss. CI. Iowa, 1912-18. d. Sept. 25. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1919, p. 920. 
DeKraker, James J., b. Jenison, Mich.. July 29, 1884. H.C. 1908. W.S. 
1908-10. N.B.S. 1911. New Hurley, 1911-12; Rochester, ist, 1912-16; 
West Hobokcn, ist, 1917-19. 
DeLange. Th. L., b. March 24, 1861. Netherlands. Grand Rapids, Mich., 
1889, Sem. 1892. 1. by CI. of 111. 1892. Christian Ref. Ch. Friesland 

and Sandstone, Minn., 1915-19; Valley Spring, S. D.. 1919 

De LaVergne, James A. R.C. Class of 1833. N.B.S. 1833-5. Presbyter- 
ian — Superintendent Public Schools, Clinton, Mo., 1867-8. d. Jan. 30, 
1899. 
Dellius, Godfriedus, b. 1652, matriculated in Leyden University, Oct. i, 1672, 
for the study of Philosophy; lie. by Classis of Wyk about 1680-1 ; ord. 
by CI. Amsterdam, July 20, 1682; Albany, also supplying Schenectady, 
1683-99; suspended, illegally, by the civil authorities; also Miss, to 
A/Iohawk Indians. 1683-99; returned to Holland; Antwerp, 1700-1714 
and longer. 
Dellius was called to Albany as an assistant to Schaats in his declining 
days. The early years of Dellius' pastorate were quiet, but the last ten years 
of his American ministry were much disturbed because of his connection 
with civil affairs. In common with other Reformed clergy, he refused to 
recognize Leisler in 1689. This led to a severe persecution against him, 
and after many dangers and trials he escaped to Boston. 

After Leisler's execution in May, 1601, Governor Sloughter recalled 
Dellius. He was on the point of embarking for Europe, but for the sake 
of teaching the poor Indians around Albany, he returned to his old charge. 
He was allowed by the Government 60 pounds a year for teaching the 
Indians. Like Megapolensis before him, he obtained great influence over 
the savages and greatly restrained their ferocity toward their French pris- 
oners, for which he was heartily thanked. 

Under Governor Fletcher Dellius was employed as civil agent among the 
Indians, and obtained a share in the extensive land grants extending north 
and west from Albany. 

When the Earl of Bellemont became Governor he took great offence at 
these land grants to Dellius and others, declaring that they had been obtained 
by fraud. The Governor believed all sorts of rumors and gossip about Del- 
lius and spared no opportunity to blacken his character. 

In the spring of 1699 Bellomont secured a bill to vacate the land grants 
and a vote to suspend Dellius from the ministry. Supported by his congre- 
gation and by the ministers of the province, Dellius went to England to 
defend himself. The King long delayed action in the matter and Dellius 
proceeded to Holland. There he obtained the support of the Classis of 
Amsterdam, and by an action at law obtained part of the sums due him for 
his service to the Indians. 

See "Col. Hist. N. Y.," iii, 696, 715. jzi, 753, 771-2; iv, 26, 47-50, 60, 
78, 88, 92-97. 125. 170. 175-8. 219, 239, 240, 248, 279-282, 294-5, 330-351, 362-7, 
379, 391, 398, 402, 426, 462-3, 488-490, 497. 500, 503. 505. 510. 514. 5^8-9, 
533-4. 539-541, 553-8, 566, 581-2, 586. 622-3, 714, 743, 774, 780-5, 791, 813, 
825-6, 1112; V, 715, 553, 651 ; vi, 145, 569; viii, 344-5; ix, 680-2, 690-2. "Doc. 



THE MINISTRY 3OI 

Hist. N. Y.," ii. -jz, 247; iii, 78, 81-2, 422, 535-541. 562. "Smith's Hist. 
N. Y.," 78, 92, 98, 159, 279. "Bancroft's U. S.," iii, 192. "Ecc. Rec. N. Y.," 
many letters. In letter Dec. 29, 1700, the Classis vindicates Dellius from 
the aspersions of Bcllomont. See also "Johnson's Sketches of Ch. of Al- 
bany," 1899. Page 13. Christian Intelligencer, Feb. 7, 1900. "Pickled Sal- 
mon and Oysters." 
Del Monaco, Antonio. N.B.S. 1918-19. Missionary Work among Italians. 

—Editor. 
Demarest, Alfred Howard (son of David D. Demarest), b. Hudson, N. Y., 
Nov. 23, i860; R.C. 79, N.B.S. 84, 1. CI. N.B.; Port Richmond, S. I., 
84-1901, Catskill, 1901-1904. d. Nov. 3. D.D. by R.C. 1904. 
One of the elders of Catskill said of him, "He was the finest man I ever 
knew." 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1905, 276. 
Demarest, Cor. T., b. Jan. 2.2,, 1786, in N. Y. C, C.C. 1804, studied under 
Livingston and Froeligh, I. CI. Paramus 1807; White House, 1808-13, 
English Neighborhood, 1813-24, seceded, suspended. (Englisli Neigh- 
borhood, 1824-39, Hackensack and English Neighborhood, 1839-52, New 
York, King St. 1852-62; d. Dec. 26.) Elected a trustee of Q.C. 
1812. A.M. by C.C. 1813. 
In the early part of his labors at English Neighborhood he seems to have 
been much blessed. For five years all was amicable. But he then became 
entangled in the unhappy difiiculties of the Hackensack Church by taking 
part too warmly with Domine Froeligh. (Froeligh.) He was charged 
with having tampered with the Minutes of the Classis of Bergen in refer- 
ence to the matters in dispute, and thus he was led on into the secession in 
1824. ("Comp. Banner of Truth," vol. iv, 125.) The Classis then sus- 
pended him (he refusing to appear) for falsifying their Minutes, for pre- 
varication and private and public abuse of Classis and for public schism. 
(See Minutes of Classis.) His Consistory unanimously went with him 
into the secession and attempted to carry the property with them, which 
re3ulted in a lawsuit, sixty-two members of the congregation protesting 
against their secession. Judge Ewing decided against the seceders and 
gave the property to those who had remained in the old connection. He 
seems to have taken the place of Solomon Froeligh when he died in 1827, 
as the chief leader of the secession. He trained several students for the 
ministry. See "Tavlor's Annals of CI. of Bergen" and "Brinkerhoff's 
Hist, of True Refd. Dutch Church." 

Publications: "A Lamentation over Rev. Solomon Froeligh, S.T.D.," 
1827. This stout pamphlet contains much valuable matter on the history 
of Dr. Froeligh and the Secession of 1822, but bears marks of the bitter- 
ness of the times. "Funeral Sermon on Rev. Chas. Hardenbergh," 1821, 
in "Banner of Truth," vol. iii. Several other sermons in "Banner of 
Truth," one on Demonology. In 1831 he was highly eulogized by Rev. 
C. Z. Paulison, in his "Development of Facts, Etc.," but in his "Reasons 
for Leaving the True Refd. D. Ch." in 1832, he was criticized for "lack 
of unction," "Christless preaching," etc. See Lemma XV, Acts of Syn. 
T.R.D.C. 1863, for notice of his death. "Funeral Sermons by Rev. A. Van 
Houten," in "Ban. of Truth," Sept., 1894. 

Demarest, David D., b. near Schraalenberg, N. J., July 30, 1819, R.C. yj, 
N.B.S. 40, lie. by CI. N.B.; Catskill (assist, of Rev. Jas. Romeyn), 
40-41, F"latbush, Ulster Co., N. Y.. 41-43, New Brunswick, 2d, 43-52, 
Hudson. N. Y., 52-65, Prof, of Pastoral Theology and Sacred Rhetoric, 
N.B. Sem. 65-1898; d. June 21. D.D. by C.N.J. 1857. Pres. Gen. Syn. 
1858., Stated Clerk, Gen. Svn., 1862-71. LL.D. by R.C. 1892. Trus- 
tee R.C. 1858-98. 
He was, from his earliest years, a student from love of study. With a 
mind clear and quick, he absorbed knowledge rapidly. It was the ambition 
of his youth to become a scholar. He was hard working and painstaking, 



302 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

SO that from the beginning of his ministry he took stand in the church 
as one of her most soHdly grounded men. As a lover of language and 
literature, a student of history, secular and sacred, a theologian and writer, 
his conversation, addresses and writings gave evidence of accurate habits 
of thought. As a natural outcome of his persistent unity of thought and 
self-culture, he became a marked man in the church and her councils. 
Boyhood growth, under very special conditions, had made him an intense 
lover of the Reformed Church and from his entrance in the ministry he 
gave himself without reserve and with the whole strength of his special 
lines of study to the support of her polity and institutions. He was looked 
upon as a living ideal of the personality, the manners, pulpit gifts, pastoral 
devotion and ruling tact, which the church wished to have developed in her 
students for the ministry. His carefully prepared lectures reflected honor 
on the seminary, but his personal character and spirit taught even more 
powerfully. His nature was pure, his thought was clear, his temper was 
even, his tact was unfailing, his prayers and sermons were methodic, neat 
and instructive and his pastoral spirit was cordial, winning and comforting. 
From faithful study he had grown into a mastery of the truths of divine 
revelation as systematized in the standards of the church. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: History and Characteristics of the Reformed Protestant 
Dutch Church, 1856. Revised edition, 1889. One of three editors Centennial 
Volume of N.B.S., 1884. Pastoral Theology, 1897. Many articles in many 
papers and magazines. For full list see Manual, 1902. 

Demarest, Jas. (son of John Demarest), b. 1797, Dec. 28, at Boght, N. Y. ; 

Col. of Physicians and Surgeons, N. Y. 1820, N.B.S. 29, 1. CI. N.B. 

Miss, at Williamsburgh, 29-30, Williamsburgh, 30-39, Wawarsing, 42-48, 

Miss, at Lansing, Mich., 48, Sup. of Leake and Watts Orphan House, 

49-53. North Hempstead, 53-59, w. c. ; died Jan. 24, 1887. 

As a minister of the Gospel, he was a methodical sermonizer and an 

acceptable preacher ; as a pastor, active and conscientious in visitation ; as a 

member of Classis the embodiment of frankness and devout piety, full of 

good works and love. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1887, 435. 

Demarest, James (son of Jas. Demarest), b. Brooklyn, N. Y., July 28, 
1832; U.C. 1852, N.B.S. 56, 1. CI. N. Y.; Hackensack, 2d, 1856-63, 
Newark, North, 63-6, Chicago, 2d, 66-72 (Peekskill, Presby. 72-4), 
Kingston, 2d, 74-82; Fort Plain, 84-90, Flushing, 90-7, Brooklyn, North 
(S.S.), 1898. Financial Secretary of Special Committee on the Fi- 
nances of N.B.S.. 1898-1902. Brooklyn, Bethany, 1902-11, P.E. 1911-13. 
d. June 29. He was a man of courage and a reviver of weak churches. 
D.D. by U.C. 1877. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 244. 
Publications: A number of sermons in pamphlet form and in the re- 
ligious and secular press. Many contributions to "Christian Intelligencer" 
and other papers. "The Duty of Ref. Ch. in the Future, as Foreshown by 
Its Course in the Past," in "Centennial Discourses," 1876. "Exposition of 
S.S. Lessons," in "Ch. Int." and "Kingston Freeman," Oct.-Dec, 1880. 
Demarest, Jas. D., b. March 9, 1780; studied theol. under Froeligh and 
Livingston, 1. CI. Paramus, 1803; Catsbaan, 1808-9, Kakiat and Ramapo, 
1809-24, seceded (Ramapo and Kakiat (Hempstead), 24-58, w. c.) ; d. 
Nov. 7, 1869. Several sermons of his have been published in "Banner 
of Truth." Obituary, "Banner of Truth," Nov., 1869. 
Demarest, Jas. Schureman Nevius (s. of D. D. Demarest), b. at N.B., 
N. J., July 21, 1851; R.C. 1872, N.B.S. 76, lie. CI. N.B.; Flatbush 
(Ulster Co.), N. Y., July i, 76-81, Nassau, N. Y., 81-83, w. c. Queens, 
L. I., 1887-1917. 
Publication : "Our National Calamity"— On death of Garfield, 1881. 
Demarest, John, b. at New Bridge, N. J., Sept. 5, 1764; studied under 
Froeligh, 1. by Synod of D.R. Chs. 1789; Niskayuna and Boght, 1790- 
1803, Minisink and Mahakemack, 1803-8; Ponds and Wyckofif, 1812-20, 



THE MINISTRY 3O3 

seceded, 1822; suspended, 1824, Missy, of CI. Hackensack, 1825. Died 

April 8, 1837. 
He was of the fourth generation in descent from David Demarest, the 
original American settler. He was old enough before the close of the 
Revolution to bear arms in the militia of Bergen Co., N. J., for about three 
years. At the close of the war he began to study for the ministry. In 1820 
he removed to a small farm near Tappan, N. Y. He manifested a great 
zeal for purity of doctrine, the faithful exercise of discipline and a dis- 
criminating administration of the sacraments. He would not baptize the 
children of non-professors. It was after he left the pastorate that he 
seceded. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Demarest, John Terhune, b. near Hackensack, N. J., Feb. 20, 1813; R.C. 

34, N.B.S. Z7^ J- CI. N.B. New Prospect, 37-49, Minisink, 50-2, Prin. 

of the Harrisburgh Academy, 52-4, Pascack, 54-67, New Prospect, 69-71, 

again 73-85, Emeritus. Died Jan. 30, 1897. D.D. b. R.C. 1857. 
He was a man of strong convictions, fearless in their expression. He was 
an accurate student and a ready writer. His commentaries are a rich mine 
for gospel sermons. 

See "Mints, of Gen. Syn.," 1897, 768. "Biog. Notices of Grads. of R.C," 
1897, 8. "Schaff-Herzog, Cyc." See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Exposition of First Peter," 8vo, pp. 283, 1851. ("Prince- 
ton Rev.," xxiii, 561.) "Exp. of Second Peter," 8vo, pp. 225, 1862. "The 
Efficient Cause of Regeneration," "The Duty and Manner of Preaching to 
the Unrenewed" and the "Doctrine of Election : Three Sermons," 1842. 
"Sectarianism Rebuked; or Immersion Not the Only Mode of Baptism: A 
Tract," 1861. "A Tract on Bib. Doct. of Justification." "Chrislocracy ; 
or. Essays on the Coming and Kingdom of Christ," 1867, 1879. Dr. Gordon 
was joint author in this work. "A Commentary on the Catholic Epistles," 
8vo. pp. 650, 1879. 

Demarest, Nathan Henry, b: N. Y. C, July 3, 1861 ; R.C. 80, N.B.S. 83, 
1. CI. N. Y. ; Miss, at Nagasaki, Japan, 1883-90, Roxbury, N. Y., 1890- 

1912. Missionary Japan, 1912-13. d. Feb. 17, 1917. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1917, 256. 
Demarest. Stephen Du Bois, b. New Brunswick, N. J., Jan. 28, 1868 ; R.C. 

88. N.B.S. 91, 1. CI. N. B. (Bessemer, near Pueblo), 91-92, Prescott, 

Arizona. 92-94; d. Dec. 11. See Dr. J. G. Lansing's notice of him, in 

"Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1895. 17. 
Demarest, Wm., b. near Hackensack, Aug. 24, 1813; CC 34, N.B.S. 2,^, \. 

CI. N. Y.; Miss, in N. Y. C 37-8; Clover Hill, 38-40, New Hurley, 

4)-5. Berne, ist, and Beaverdam. 45-50, Westerlo, 50-4, Bound Brook, 

54-7, Ramapo, 1858-70, Union, 1871-4; d. 
See Manual, 1902. 

PuiiLirATiON.s : "Translation of Frclinghuysen's Sermons," i2mo, pp. 
418, 1856; with an admirable sketch of the author. Rev. T. J. Freling- 
huysen. "Translation of the Minutes of the Early Provisional Synod," 
1771-92; in vol. i of the so-called "Mints, of Gen. Syn.," 1859. 
Demarest, Wm., in secession, licensed 1837, w. c. 
Demarest. Wm. H. S. (son of D. D. Demarest). b. Hudson. N. Y., Mav 

12. 1863; R.C. 83, teaching in R.C. Prep. School, 83-6, N.B.S. 88, 1. CL 

N.B.; Walden, 88-97, Catskill, 97-1901. Prof. Ecc. Hist, and Ch. Gov. 

N.B.S. 1901-06. President Rutgers College 1906 . Pres. Gen. Syn., 

1909. D.D. R.C. 1901 and N. Y. Univ. LL.D. CU. 1910. U.C 191 1. 

Univ. Pittsburgh 1912. 
Publications: "Hist. Disc." at Walden. N. Y., 1893. "Memorial Ser- 
mon of Henry Cromwell Knapp," 1894. Address : "The Making of the 
States." 1894. "Reconstruction in the Sunday School," in "Presb. and 
Refd. Rev.," 1901. An outline of Ch. Hist. 1905. Hist, of R.C. in this 
work Educational Addresses and Sermons. 



304 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

De Martel, Jacques Adam, from London ; supplied French Ch. N. Y. C, 

Feb. 4, 1770-Aug., 1771. 
De Meester, Peter, b. South Holland, Neth., June 3, 1883. Student R.C. 
1906-10, N.B.S. 1913. 1. by CI. Passaic. Ghent, 2d, 1913-19; Owasco, 

N. Y., 1919-1921 ; New Baltimore, N. Y., 1922 

DeMotts, Garret. H.C. 1913. N.B.S. 1916. 1. by CI. N.B. Wallkill, 1916- 

1921 ; Grand Rapids, Oakdale Park, 1921. 
De Mund, Isaac S., b. at Stillwater, N.J., 1803; C.N.J. 23; studied theology 
with Rev. John Cornell, while assisting him in his classical school at 
Somerville, N. J., 23-5, lie. and ord. by Presb. Newton, Oct. 25 (San- 
dusky and Milan, O., 25-6, S.S. Ringwood, N. J., 26-7, Presbyt.), Wal- 
peck 1827-9, teaching at Natchez Academy. Miss., 29-30, Pompton, 30- 
39, Houston St., N. Y., 39-48, Yonkers, 48-50, Belleville. 50-56 (2d 
Lancaster (St. Paul's) Ger. Ref., 56-64), Paramus, 1864-70, w. c, 
supplied Coxsackie, ist, 70-1, Athens, 2d, 71, 1875, Ramseys, 76-7, 
Emeritus, 1875. Died Ap. 23, 1888. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : Several sermons and addresses, among which may be 
mentioned a "Sermon on Death of Pres. Taylor," 1850. "Lamentation on 
Death of Pres. Lincoln," 1865. "Subordination to Government the Salva- 
tion of our Country," 1861. Also, a "Review of General Synod's Action 
on Slavery," a series of articles in "Ch. Intelligencer," signed "Omega" 
and "D.," including an article against the Synod's action in refusing ad- 
mission to the Classis of North Carolina (Ger. Refd. Ch.) because some 
of its members were slaveholders ; dated Dec. 27, 1855. Said Classis 
wished to join the Dutch Church because of the Mercersburg Theology in 
the German Church. "Translation of Thysius on the Lord's Supper," in 
"Mercersberg Review." 

Denekas, Wolbert, b. German Valley, 111., Aug. 16, 1875. H.C. 1901. 
Dubuque Sem. and W.T.S. 1. by CI. P.P. 1904. Baker, Melvin, la., 
1904-09; Castlewood and Dempster, S. D., 1909-18 (German, Dutch and 

English) ; Dempster, alone, 1918-19; Pekin. 111., 2d, 1919 . 

Denham, Alex., from Assoc. Refd. Presbyt. of Washington, 1827, w. c. 

1827-30. 
Den Herder, M. J., b. Oct. 9, 1888, Grand Rapids, Mich. H.C. 1913. N.B.S. 

W.T.S. 1916. 1. by CI. G.R. Linlithgo (Johnstown), N. Y., 1916 

Den Hollander, Abram, a candidate in Classis of Rochester, 1901. 
Denman, Mark Austin, b. Amity, Pa., Aug. 3, 1859, Washington and Jef- 
ferson Coll. 82, P.S. 86, lie. by Presbyt. Troy, 85 (Presbyt. Melrose, 
N. Y., 86-9) ; Bacon Hill and Gansevoort, 89-91, Canajoharie, 91-1897, 
Chatham, 1897-1901, Brooklyn, 12th st., 1901-04. 
Denniston, J. Otis, b. N. Y. C, 1835; Y.C. 56, U.S. 61-2, U.S. Army, 63-5, 
lie. 66, Chapel at Fishkill-on-Hudson, 66-8; ord. CI. Poughkeepsie, 
May, 67; Presbyt. 1868. See "Union Sem. Gen. Cat." 
DePree, Henry Peter, b. Zeeland, Mich., March 14, 1881. H.C. 1902. P.S. 
1905. 1. by CI. Holland. Pella, la.. Bethel, 1905-07. Missionary to 

China, 1907 

Publications: Articles in Church Paper. "Amoy Lessons," 1911. Books 
in Chinese. 

De Pree, J-as., b. Axel, Netherlands, Nov. 29, 1845; H.C. 67, H.S. 70; 1. CI. 
Holland; Spring Lake, Mich., 70-80, West Branch (Sioux Centre), la., 
1880-1910; North Yakima, Wash., 1910-11. Member Council H.C. and 
Bd. Trustees N.W. Acd. 
Publications : Articles in religious papers. 
De Pree, Peter, b. Axel, Zeeland, Neths., Ap. 17, 1839; R.C. 62, N.B.S. 65; 
1. CI. Holland; Miss. Pella, la., 65-7, Bethel, la., 67-22, Vriesland, 72- 
82, Grand Rapids, 4th, 82-91, Pella, ist, 92-18, Grand Rapids, 6th, 
1898-1903. d. Feb. 3, 1915. D.D. by H.C. 1894. Member of the Coun- 
cil of Hope College. Editorial Staff of DeHope. 



THE MINISTRY 3O5 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 191 5, 602. 

Publications: In part, Levensgeschiedenis van Rev. Cor. Van der Meu- 
len, 1876. 

De Pue, Frank E., b. Layton, N. J., Oct. 3, 1871. N.B.S. 1906. Blawen- 
burgh, 1906-07; Wanaque, 1907-11 ; Boonton, 1911-19; also S.S. Moun- 
tain Lake, 1913. Pres. 1919. 
De Puy, Ephraim, b. 1814, at Rochester, N. Y., R.C. 35, N.B.S. 40, 1. CI. 
N.B.; Prattsville, 41-6, Clove, 46-53, Alott Haven, 53-4, Middleport, 
56-7, w. c. 57-61 (became Episcopalian; Christ Ch. Elizabeth, N. J., 61- 
63, St. Mary's Ch. Burlington, N. J., 63-5 ; also Prof, of Belles-lettres, 
St. Mary's College, Burlington, N. J., 63-5 ; Zion Ch. Belvidere, N. J., 
65-74, w. c, residing in New York City, 74-90 ; in Lakewood, N. J., 

90-1896; died April ist.) D.D. by 

He was a great student, and was considered one of the best read men of 
his day. He was also a colonel in the Civil War. See "Biog. Notices of 
Grads. R. C," 1896, 10. 
Derbyshire, A. J. Brooklyn, ist, 1917-18. 

De Ronde, Lambertus, b. in Holland, 1720; Zwilichem, 17.. -46, Surinam 
(Dutch Guiana), S. A., 1746-50, New York and Harlem, 1750-84, 
Schaghticoke. 1784-95; d. Sept. 30. 
In 1749 he proposed to the Classis to publish a book of First Truths in 
Negro-English and Dutch. The Classis requested him first to transmit it 
to them for approval. He made a visit to New York in 1750. His preach- 
ing, while there, was so pleasing that the Collegiate Church, after examin- 
ing his testimonials, called him, on Aug. 20, 1750, with the understanding 
that he was to join the Coetus. In 1751 the Classis complained that he had 
been installed over the church of New York without their knowledge, and 
that he signed the letter of the Coetus, without any explanation of his new 
relationships. But he never attended another Coetus meeting. He became 
a decided member of the Conferentie party after the disruption in 1755, and 
was never absent from theii; meetings. His Consistory, however, remained 
neutral. He was naturalized in 1756. He did not possess as high a stand- 
ard of character and usefulness as his colleague, Ritzema, yet, in many 
points, he was respectable. Though he was one of the committee which 
procured Dr. I^idlie to preach in English, he afterward turned against him. 
and was the leading spirit in the "Dutch party" in the famous lawsuit which 
grew out of this matter. Many were bitterly determined not to submit to 
the innovation of English preaching. The Consistory, however, gained the 
suit, which was upon a side issue, while the "Dutch party" had £300 costs 
to pay. During the most of the Revolution, being driven from his charge, 
he supplied Schaghticoke, but in 1780 represented the churches of Red Hook 
and Saugcrtics in the Classis of Kingston. — "Ecc. Rec, N.Y.," many letters, 
"Doc. Hist. N. Y.," iii. 310, 324. "Gunn's Livingston," 8vo ed., 1830, p. 139. 
"Collegiate Ch. Year-Book," 1885, 67. 

Publications: "De gekruisigde Christus, als het voornaeste toeleg van 
Gods getrouwe Krin.sgesanten, in hunne prcdiking," Nieuw-York : Hen- 
drick De Forest, 1751 ; 4to, pp. 8 and 28; or, "The Christ crucified, as the 
Principal Subject of God's Faithful Servants of the Cross, in their Ser- 
mons." "De ware gedachtniss" ; or, "The True Remembrance," Heb. 
^3 '7', giving an account of the death of the Rev. Gualterus Du Bois, Oct. 
13. 1751- (A copy in State Library at Albany Extract "Doc. Hist. N. Y.," 
324). A System containing the Principles of the Christian Religion, suit- 
able to the Heidelberg Catechism, by plain questions and answers, useful 
for the information of all per.sons in the true confession of faith; and 
necessary toward their ])reparations for that awful and solemn ordinance, 
the Lord's Supper. To which is prefixed a particular address to parents in 
general, showing the relation they stand under to their children, to instruct 
them in the principles of the Christian religion. And to which is added an 
application upon the whole system. i6mo, pp. 185; New York: 1763. (This 



306 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

is the first book in the English language published by a member of the 
Reformed Dutch Church in America. It was prepared a short time before 
the call of Laidlie to meet the growing necessity of instruction in English. 
De Ronde himself offered to preach in English if his Consistory thought him 
qualified.) "True Spiritual Religion; or, Delightful Service of the Lord"; 
Two Discourses; and "True and Unfeigned Repentance of Job"; i2mo, pp. 
xvi, 262; New York: 1767. "De Constitutie eenpariglyk geaccoordeerd by 
de algemeene Conventie, gehoude in de Stad van Philadelphia in 't Jaar 
1787; en gesubmitteerd van het volk der vereeingde Staaten van Noord 
Amerika ; Zynde van ses derzelve Staaten alreede geadopteerd, namentlyk, 
Massachusetts, Connecticut, Nieuw Jersey, Pennsylvanie, Delaware en 
Georgia. Vertaald door Lambertus de Ronde, V. D. M. Gedrukt, by order 
van de Federal Committee in de Stad van Albany, door Charles R. Webster, 
1788"; or, "The Constitution, unanimously agreed to by the General Con- 
vention, held in the city of Philadelphia in the year 1787, and submitted to 
the People of the United States of North America. This has already been 
adopted by six States, namely, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Georgia. Translated by Lambertus de Ronde, 
V.D.M., and published by order of the Federal Committee in the city of 
Albany by Chs. R. Webster," 1788. 

There is bound up in the same volume in the State Library in Albany, 
N. Y., the Constitution of the U. S. in German. It was printed by the 
same authority, and is of the same date and imprint ; but the name of the 
translator is not given. The two translations make a small 8vo volume of 
32 pages. 

Many letters to Holland. A few letters of his from Surinam v/ere se- 
cured by E. T. Corwin in 1897-8. These are printed in "Ecc. Rec, N. Y." 
DeRoos, Frank. H.C. 16. W.T.S. 19. 1. by CI. Dakota. Kalamazoo, Beth- 
any, 1920-21. d. 
De Rooy, Jacobus, b. 1812. S.S. Paterson, ist, Holl., 56-8. Died 1884. 
De Spelder, John A., b. in Michigan, 1851 ; H.C. 70, W. Sem. 73, 1. CI. Mich- 
igan ; Macon and South Macon, 73-83, Prin. of N. W. Classical 
Academy, Orange City, la., 1883-87. S.S. Orange City (American), 
1885-7, pastor, 1887-94. Serving as supply 1894-1907. Maurice, la., 
American, 1907-10. d. April 14, 1914. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 245. 
De Voe, David, b. i783(?) ; studied theol. under Froeligh, Beaverdam and 
Middleburgh, 1811-16, also Oppenheim, 11-16, St. Johnsville, 16-30, 
Columbia and Warren, 1815-19, 34-9; d. 1843. Was an active pioneer in 
Central New York, and organized many churches. See reports of Miss. 
Soc. R. D. C, 1822-32. 
De Vries, Henri, b. at The Hague, Neths., Dec. 13, 1847; High School 
Amsterdam, 71 ; N.B.S. 76, 1. N. CI. L. I. ; Jericho, L. I., 76-77, Alex- 
andria Bav, 77-82, Assit. Past Middle Collegiate Ch., N. Y. C, 82-84, 
Peekskill,'i884-i9i5. Prof. Bible Training School, N. Y. C. and Mis- 
sionary Institute, Nyack, N. Y., 1915. Bd. Supt. N.B.S. 
Publications : Trans, from the Dutch of "The Work of the Holy 
Spirit," by Dr. N. Kuyper, of Amsterdam, 1900. Contributions to the "Ch. 
Int." and other religious papers. 

De Vries, J. Hendrik, b. Amsterdam. Neths., May 8, 1859; R-C 81, N.B.S. 
88, 1. CI. Westchester; ord. by Presb. of Westchester, 88 (Miss. Pastor 
of Immanuel Chapel, Yonkers, 88-93) ; Bronxville, 93-7 (Princeton, 

2d Presbyt., 1897-1905. Episcopalian 1907 ). D.D. R.C. 1903. 

Publications : Translation from the Dutch of one vol. of Dr. Kuyper's 
"Encyc. of Sacred Theology," 1898. Translation of several of his articles 
and homilies for the religious press. 

De Vries, John Martin, b. Nov. i, 1889, Aplington, la. Mission House Col. 
1913. W.T.S. 1916. 1. by CI. of Germania. Cornwall Centre, la.. 
1916-19; Sibley, la., 1919 



THE MINISTRY 307 

Dewing, Jared, N.B.S. 1820, 1. CI. N.B. ; Miss, at Princetown, 1822; Presbyt. 

(Grecnbush and Nyack, 1836-41, Greenbush, 1842-56). d. 1866. 
(De Wint, Peter, in 1749, called to Bergen and Staten Island; an impostor;: 

suspended, 1751, deposed, 1752, went to West Indies.) 
De Witt, Herman, b. Ferrysburg, Mich., Sept. 22, 1876. H.C. 1909. W.T.S^ 

1912. 1. by CI. of , 1912. Grant, Mich., 1912-16; Oak Harbor,. 

Mich., 1916-17. d. Nov. 8. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1918, 599. 
De Witt, John, b. at Catskill, August, 1789; U.C. and C.N.J. 1809, studied 

under Dr. Porter, of Catskill, lie. by Berkshire Assoc, 181 1 (Lanes- 

boro, Mass., 11-13) ; Albany, 13-15, Albany, 2d, 15-23, Prof. Ecc. Hist. 

in New Brunswick Sem., 23-31, also of Oriental Literature, 25-31, Prof. 

of Belles-lettres, Criticism and Logic in Rutgers Col., 25-31 ; d. Oct.. 

II, 1831. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1823. D.D. by U.C. 1821. 
He was a man of great versatility and of marked individuality. Yet he 
was very useful in both the pastorate and professor's chair. 
See Manual of 1902. 

Publications: Disc, on death of Dr. J. H. Livingston, 1825. A Ser. or> 
"Infant Baptism." "The Bible of Divine Origin" : A premium tract. A 
Ser. on the "Necessity of the Atonement," 1830, in "Murray St. Lectures."' 
and "The Scripture Doct. of Regeneration," 1832. 
De Witt, John (son of John De Witt, above), b. Albany, N. Y., Nov. 29,. 

1821; R.C. 38, N.B.S. 42, 1. CI. N.B.; Ridgeway, Mich., 42-4, Ghent, 

N. Y., 1st, 44-9, Canajoharie, N. Y., 49-50, Millstone, N. J., 50-63, Prof.. 

of Bib. Lit. in N.B.S., 63-84, Prof, of Hellenistic Greek and N. T. 

Exegesis, N.B.S., 84-92, resigned. Member of O.T. Revision Commit- 
tee 1872-85. Editor of American Standard Edition R.V. 1901. d. Oct. 

19, 1906. D.D. by R.C, i860. LL.D. by Lafayette Coll., 1882. Litt.D. 

by C.C, 1888. 
Dr. De Witt was a large man, full of vitality, quick in movement and 
speech, optimistic, given to abstraction. He was a profound scholar and a 
unique genius. 

He was very active in securing the funds for the fourth professorship 
in the N.B. Seminary. He also increased the endowment by his personal 
appeals to the amount of $70,000. His name deserves to stand beside that 
of Livingston in the annals of the Seminary's growth in equipment and effi- 
ciency. 

Dr. De Witt was invited to become a member of the American Old Testa- 
ment Revision Company, at its formation in 1872. When the Anglo-Amer- 
ican edition was published, in 1885, he was requested by the American 
committee to prepare the Old Testament for a future American edition, by 
incorporating the Appendix in the text. His report concerning the incom- 
pleteness of the Appendix led to the enlargement of the plan, and resulted 
in the pul)lication of "The American Standard Edition": Thos. Nelson & 
Sons, August, 1901. With the surviving members of the company, Dr. De 
Witt labored upon this edition up to its very issue, although he was eighty 
years of age at its date of issue. 

See Manual, 1902. Min. Gen. Syn., 1907, 1908. 

Publications: "Our Catechisms and Confessions": A scries of articles 
in the "Christian Intelligencer," 1872. "The Sure Foundation and How to 
Build On It," i860. "Bible Revised and the Psalm," 1880. "The Praise 
Songs of Israel, a New Rendering of the Psalms," 1884; 2d ed., 1886; 3d 
ed., with introductory essay and notes, 1891. "W'hat Is Inspiration? A 
Fresh Study of the Question, with New and Discriminative Replies," 1893. 
"Progressive Revelation." 
De Witt, lohn Ten Eyck, s. of Richard De Witt, 1). Guilford, N. Y., Sept. 

22, 1867; R.C. 89. N.B.S. 92, 1. CI. Ulster; Oradell, 1892-1903. w. c. 
De Witt, Peter, b. at Flatbush, Feb. 17, ,1739; C.N.J. 1769, studied theoL 

under Livingston, lie. by General Meeting of Alinistcrs and Elders, 1778; 



308 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Rhinebeck, Rhinebeck Flats, 87-98, and Upper Red Hook, 1788-91, 
Ponds and Wyckoff, 1798-1809, d. Oct. 7. 
De Witt, Richard, b. at Hurley, N. Y., July 21, 1839; R.C. 60, N.B.S. 63, 1. 
CI. Kingston; Guilford, 64-71, Spring Valley, 71-76, Wallkill Valley, 
77-89, Flatbush (Ulster Co.), N. Y., 89-1901, d. Feb. 20. 
See Manual, 1902. 
De Witt, Thomas, b. at Kingston, N. Y., Sept. 13, 1791 ; U.C. 1808; studied 
theology under Brodhead and Froeligh, and at N.B.S. 1812, lie. CI. 
N.B. ; Hopewell and New Hackensack, Nov. 24, 1812-25, Hopewell, 
1825-7, New York, 1827-74, d. May 18. Elected a trustee of R.C. 1840; 
of C.C. 1858. Ed. of "Ch. Int.," 1831-43. D.D. by R.C. 1828. 
Dr. De Witt was a great man, great in body, in mind and soul. For more 
than a generation he ranked as one of the leading pastors and preachers in 
New York City. He was peculiarly honored by all classes of men and all 
denominations of Christians. He was identified with very many of the 
benevolent organizations of the city and was one of the principal factors 
in the Bible and Tract Society. For 30 years he was one of the Vice-Presi- 
dents of the Historical Society and its president in 1871-2. In 1846 he visited 
Europe and secured from the Classis of Amsterdam the gift to the Re- 
formed Church in America of much of the Amsterdam Correspondence, 
1638-1776. 

See Manual of 1902 for fuller sketch and references and also for a list 
of his numerous publications. 
De Witz, C. F., Yankton, Scotland (Ebenezer), S. D., 1896-9, Baileyville, 

111., 1890-1902. Joined Ref. Ch. in U.S. 
Dey, Richard Varick (grandson of Archibald Laidlie), b. N. Y. C, Jan. 11, 
1801, C.C. 1818, N.B.S. 1822, lie. by Congregationalists, Greenfield Hill, 
Ct., 22-9, Vandewater St. Ch., N. Y. C, 29-31, Huguenot Ch., Charles- 
ton, S. C, Aug. 31-Aug. 32, supplying Bleecker St. Ch., N. Y. C, and 
preaching in the Apollo rooms, Broadway (near Canal st.), 32-5; S.S. 
at Upper Black Eddy and Milford, 1835. Died Sept. 20, 1837. A.M. 
by Y.C. 1823. 
Publications: Fun. Disc, of Mrs. Mary Laidlie, 1825. There is a sketch 
of Mrs. Dey, who died Mar. 3, 1886, in "N. Y. Gen. and Biog. Record," vol. 
xvii, 242. She was Lavinia Agnes Scott, of New Brunswick, N. J., and mar- 
ried Mr. Dey Sept. 11, 1822. See "Collegiate Ch. Year-Book," 1886, p. 83. 
Deyo, Paul T. Samsonville, 1868-70, Dashville Falls, 70-3, Kiskatom, 73-5, 

Krumville, 76-93, and Lyonsville, 76-81, w. c. Died Aug. 16, 1901. 
De Young, Abraham, (De Jong), b. Chicago, 111., 1878. H.C. 1900. W.T.S. 
1903. 1. by CI. Wis. 1903. Waupun, Wis., 1903-10, Cooperville, Mich., 

1910-18; Grand Rapids, 5th, 1918 . Pres. Bd. Supt. W.T.S. 1920. 

De Young, Benjamin, b. Chicago, 111., March 10, 1886. H.C. 1907. N.B.S. 
1907-09. W.T.S. 1910. 1. by CI. Wis. Missionary, Gray Hawk, Ken., 

1910-14. Clymer Hill, N. Y., 1915-18, Arcadia, N. Y., 1918 

De Young, Cornelius. H.C. N.B.S. 1916. 1. by CI. N.B. 1916. Schenec- 
tady, Bellevue, 1916-1921 ; Orange City, la. (American), 1921 

De Young (De Jong), John Lucas (neph. of J. P. De Jong), b. Roseland, 

111., Dec. 12, 1872; H.C. 93, P.S. 96, 1. CI ; Orange City, la. (Am. 

Ch.), 96-7, d. at St. Diego, Feb. 6, 1898. A young man of great promise, 
but cut off by consumption soon after entering the ministry. See "Mints. 
Gen. Syn.," 1898, 238. 
Dickens, Wm. H. Rec'd from Baptists 1913. Maurice, la., 1913-17; High- 
wood, N. Y. and Plattskill, N. Y., 1917-21 ; Ephratah and Stone Arabia, 

1921 

Dickhaut, Benj. Edward, b. Brooklvn, N. Y., Ap. 29. 1863; R.C. 84, 

■ N.B.S. 87, 1. S. CI. L. I.; ord. by CI. N. Y., 87; Missionary in N. Y. C, 

87-9, Fishkill, 89-96, South Brooklyn, 1896-1903; First Harlem Col., 

N. Y. C, 1903-09; Hamilton Grange, N. Y. C. (S.S.) 1909; (First 

Presbyterian, Jamaica, N. Y., 1909-11. d. Dec. z'j, 1911). 



THE MINISTRY 309 

Dickhaut, John Conrad, b. Cur Hesse, Ostheim, Ger., Feb. 17, 1815; studied 
under Dr. Guldin, of N. Y. C. ; lie. and ord. by CI. N. Y. about 1845; 
N. Y. C. 3d Ger. Refd., 1845; New Brooklyn (Ger.), 54-66, also New- 
town (Ger.), 56-61, East Williamsburgh (Ger.), 66-71, Canarsie, 76-86, 
emeritus. Died Dec. 30, 1887. 
He was highly esteemed, being an earnest, godly and zealous man. He 
accomplished great good in the German churches to which he ministered. 
He was careful, prudent, God-serving, and an excellent counselor. He 
was also an excellent preacher, and his fellow countrymen loved to hear 
him. His strength lay in his earnest, consistent, godly life, and his general 
enthusiasm in the Lord's work. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1888, 679. 
Dickhoff, Wm. Ebenezer (Oregon), 111., 1898. 

Dickson, Alexander, b. Rathfriland, Ireland, Dec. 25, 1827, U.C. 46, P.S. 
46-8, ord. CI. Watervliet, May 16, 49; Waterford, 49-52, Albany, 3d, 
53-60, S.S., Dudley Ch., Albany, 60-2, w. c. d. Jan. i, 1904. D.D. by 
U.S. 1877. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1904, 837. 

Publications : "All About Jesus," 1875. "Beauty for Ashes," etc. Many 
articles in the press. 
Dickson, Henry R., b. in Charleston, S. C, 1838; Charleston Coll. 58, 

Columbia Sem., 61; lie. Presb , 61 (Colleton district, S. C, 

18. .-. ., in hospitals at Richmond, during the Civil War; Ebenezer and 
Rockhill, S. C, 186s — , York, S. C, 18..-..) ; Brooklyn, ist, 75-7, d. 
Mar. 8. See "Manual" of 1879. 
Dickson, James E. Rec'd from Pres. 1914. Classis of N. Y. Dis. to Pres. 

1916. 
Dickson, James Milliken, b. Ryegate, Vt., Feb. 6, 1831 ; Dart. Coll. 53. 
U.S. 57, lie. N. Y. Presbyt. of Ref. Presbyt. Ch., May 20, and ord. by 
same Nov. 18, 1857 (ist Ref. Presb., Brooklyn, 57-63; 6th Presbyt. Ch., 
Newark, N. J., 63-70; Goodwill Presbyt. Ch., Montgomery, N. Y., 70- 
83) ; N. Y. C. 34th St., 83-89 (Pilgrim Cong., Providence, R. I., 89-94) ; 
East New York, 1894-1903. (North Yakima, Wash., Cong. S.S. 

— ). d. Jan. 29, 1913. D.D. by Drury College, 1884. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1913, 897. 

Publications: "The Goodwill Memorial": A Hist, of Presbyt. Ch., 
Montgomery, N. Y., including the general local history, 1880. Contribu- 
tions to the press. 

Diekhoff, Wm., b. Oct. 24, 1855, Ostfriesland, Germany. Educated in Ger- 
many. Dubuque Sem. 1888. 1. by Presbytery of Dubuque 1887. (Pres. 
Freeport, 111., 3d, 1888-95; German Pres., Peoria, 111., 1896-7) ; Oregon, 

111., Ebenezer, 1898 

Diephuis, Jacobus, b. in Neths., 1832; Kampen Sem., Ncths., 65; pastor of 
Ch. Refd. chs. in Neths., 65-87, Huizen being his last charge; Worten- 
dyke, N. J., 87-9, d. Dec. 31. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1890, 193. 
Ditmars, Cornelius Peterson, b. Ap. 23, 1853, Roycefield, N. J. ; R.C. 

76, N.B.S. 79. 1. CI. N. B.; Leeds, 79-83, Niskayuna. 1883 . S.C. 

and Treas. CI. Schenectady 1885 . S.C. P.S. Albany 1889. Bd. 

Supt. N.B.S. 1893 . Pres. Bd. Supt. N.B.S. 1906. 

Publications: Many articles for "Ch. Int." Poems. "A Chapter in Ch. 
History"; Address at 150th Anniversary of Ch. of Niskayuna, 1900. Ser- 
mon at 35th anniversary of pastorate at Niskayuna, 1918. 
Dixon, Charles Morison, b. at Newark, N. J., Alay 24, 1871 ; R.C. 94, 
N.B.S. 97, lie. CI. N. B.; Prattsville and Grand Gorge, N. Y., 1897- 
1903. Pompton, 1903 . S.C. and Treasurer CI. of Schoharie. Mem- 
ber Bd.- of Superintendents N.B.T.S. ■ 

Dixon, Joseph, Shawangunk, 1892-9 (Beemerville, N. J., 1899 ) 

Dobbs, John Francis, b. Liberty Corner, N. J., July 2, 1870;- Lafayette 
Coll. 97, U.S. 1900, 1. by Presby. of Elizabeth; Mott Haven, N. Y.- €. 
(S.S.), 98-1900, pastor 1900-08; Syracuse, N. Y., ist, 1908-15; Congre- 
gational, 1 91 5 



3IO THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Doe, Walter P., b. 1813, U.C. 44, U.S. 46, S.S. at Gansevoort, 51-3. Died 

1887. See "U. S. Gen. Cat." 
Doeppenschmidt, Chs., b. at Frankfort on the Main, from Ger. Evang. 

Assoc, Ohio, 1856; Jersey City, 4th (Ger), 1856-64, Hudson City, 2d 

(Ger), 1864-85, died May 13. 
He was educated in Germany as a Roman Catholic priest ; became a 
Protestant, came to America, and did good work among the Germans of 
Jersey City for nearly 30 years. 
Doig, Robert, b. in N. Y. City, July 11, 1842; R.C. 69, N.B.S. 72, 1. CI. 

Bergen; Berne and Beaverdam, 72-85, Glenville, 2d, 85-92, d. June 16. 
Repeated revivals blessed his ministry at Berne and Beaverdam. Failing 
health compelled him to seek a less laborious field. Although quiet and 
unassuming, he filled a large place in the Classis. He was ever ready to 
take up any work which might be assigned him. He was largely instru- 
mental in founding the churches of Altamont and Mt. Pleasant in the Classis 
of Schenectady. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1893, 888. "Biog. Notices of Grads. 
R.C.," 1893, 25. 

Publications: "Hist. Disc, at 58th Anniversary of S.S. Berne," 1880. 
Fun. Ser. of G. G. Merselis. 1882. Fun. Add. D. S. Dyer, 1884. "Hist. 
:of Berne," in "Albany and Schenectady Co. Hist.," 1885. 
IDolfin, Cornelius, b. Dec. 23, 1891, Rotterdam, Kan. Calvin Col. W.T.S. 

1919. 1. by CI. Michigan. Hudsonville, Mich, 1919 

Doll, George J. L., b. at Frankfort, Germany, 1739; c. to America in or 

before 1770; Albapy (Ger.), 1772-5, Kingston, 1775-1808; died March 

28, 1811. 
He preached in German and French, when at Albany, and in Dutch at 
Kingston, being the last preacher in that language at that place. During the 
.first summer of Dr. Gosman's preaching in English, Mr. Doll occasionally 
preached in Dutch in the afternoon to please the older people. The pastor- 
.ate of Domine Doll covered the trying period of the Revolution, during 
which he was as patriotic as he was devout. This is evident from his 
ihrilling letter addressed to Gov. George Clinton on the occasion of his 
inauguration at Kingston as the first Governor of the State of New York, 
•on the 30th of July, 1777 ; and also from his letter addressed to General 
Washington, when on a visit to Kingston in 1782. Kingston was taken by 
-the British under General Vaughan and burned, Oct. 16, 1777. There are 
ireasons to believe that they were at first reluctant to burn the church. But 
iupon learning of the active patriotism of Domine Doll and his Consistory 
ithey no longer hesitated, but sacrilegiously applied the torch to the house of 
God, and also to the parsonage. He served the Church of Kingston faith- 
fully and acceptably for S3 years, when, in consequence of the infirmities of 
age and a growing desire to have preaching in English, a colleague was 
called — John Gosman. In May, 1809, he removed to Kinderhook, to reside 
with his youngest daughter, Mrs. Jas. Vanderpoel. An obituary of the day 
says : "His unblemished life, his ardent zeal in the cause of religion, the 
purity of his morals and the Christian meekness which adorned his char- 
acter proclaimed him 'the messenger of truth, the legate of the skies.' Al- 
though he had no relatives in this country, the unspotted excellence of his 
life had attached to him numerous and distinguished friends. He had no 
-enemies. His unwearied pains to spread the Gospel blessings, and to preach 
Christ and Him crucified, had endeared him to every member of his flock. 
By him the violated law spoke out its thunders, and by him in strains as 
sweet as angels use, the Gospel whispered peace." 
Donald, James. Mariaville, 1844-50, w. c. 1853. 
iDonehue, Hugh. Krumville, N. Y. 1914. Probably a mistake. No such 

man in the ministry. 
Donma, John W. 1911. See Douma, John W. 
Donovan, George H., b. Philadelphia, Feb. 28, 1881. N.B.S. 1910; Rockv 

Hill, 1910-18; Newark, N. J., N. Y. Ave., 1918 



THE MINISTRY 3II 

Doolittle, Horace, b. at Milton, Saratoga Co., N. Y., Mar. i, 1803; U.C. 26, 
P. S. 29, lie. Presb. N. B., Oct. 8, 1828, ord. by Presby. Elizabeth, Apr. 
30, 1830 (Springfield, N. J., 30-2, South Orange, 32-40, both Presb.) ; 
Pompton, 40-52, Stanton, 52-72, S.S. Three Bridges, Aug., 76-7, d. Feb. 
18, 1877. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Doolittle, Philip Melanchthon, b. Jan. 20, 1831 (son of Horace Doo- 
little) ; U.C. 1852, N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. of Philadelphia, 1856; North 
Branch, 1856-1906. d. Oct. 25. Member Bd. of Education 1884-1906. 
D.D. by R.C. 1901. 
He was preeminently a faithful preacher and pastor in one charge for 
half a century. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1907, 911. 
Doolittle. Theodore Sandford, b. at Ovid, N. Y., Nov. 30, 1836; R.C. 59, 
N.B.S. 62, lie. by CI. of N. Y. ; Flatlands, L. I., 62-64, Prof. Rhetoric, 
Logic and Metaphysics in Rutgers College, 64-93; d. Ap. 19. 
Elected Vice-President, R.C. 1889; acting President, 89-91. D.D. by 
Wesleyan Univer. 1872; LL.D. by U.C. 1891. 

Dr. Doolittle was a man of marked literary ability, and of a very graceful 
style both with tongue and pen. He studied and read broadly, travelled 
much and was widely acquainted with men and affairs. His memory was 
wonderful. Hence in pulpit, class room and social gathering he was always 
interesting and attractive. He was a man to admire, love and from whom 
one must learn much. 

For a fuller account of his active life and a list of his numerous publica- 
tions in Manual of 1902. 

Doremus, Andrew, b. Jan. 26, 1837. R.C. 64. N.B.S. 64-5, Congregational. 
Dorcmus, George S. (son Rev. Joseph Doremus), b. Stephensburg, N. J., 

June 13, 1871. N.B.S. 1897. Presbyterian. 
Doremus, Joseph, b. Parsippany, N. J., Ap. 19, 1835. R.C. '62. N.B.S. '65. 

1. by CI. Passaic. Presbyterian, d. Sept. 10, 1904. 
Dorsius, Peter Henry, b.'at Meurs, Ger., 171 1; matriculated at C^roningen 
University, Ap. 5, 1734, as a student of theology; at Leyden University 
Sept. 17, 1736; ditto; lie. CI. Schieland, at Rotterdam, Ap. 30, 1737; 
ordained by the Theolog. Faculty at Groningen, May 29, 1737; sailed 
for America, July 11, 1737; arrived at Philadelphia, Oct. 5; Bucks Co., 
Pa., 1737-48; visited Holland, sailing May 26, 1743, arriving July 14; 
sailed for America Oct. 19, 1743; arrived in Philadelphia Jan. 14, I744; 
O.S.; returned to Holland, 1748. 
The Consistory in Bucks Co., Pa., wrote to Holland, asking for a min- 
ister. They sent funds for his voyage and promised him $144 per year. An 
answer was sent back that such a young man had been found, but was not 
yet through his studies and asked whether a part of the money sent might 
not be devoted to his tuition. This was granted. When about to start he 
offered to serve the Deputies of the Classis of Amsterdam in any way. They 
gladly accepted his offer and asked him to give them all the information 
possible about the German Reformed in Pennsylvania. He wrote to them 
March i, 1738, describing Pennsylvania and its churches, but made no 
reference to Rev. J. P. Boehm and his work. On June 9, 1738, at the joint 
desire of the Deputies of the Synods of North and South Holland, thir- 
teen questions were submitted to Dorsius, asking for specific information 
about Pennsylvania. Upon receiving them Dorsius invited Boehm to visit 
him, which he did, Nov. 28, 1738. Together they forrnulated a report as 
to the number of Reformed congregations in Pennsylvania ; as to the num- 
ber of these which each minister served; as to the number of Elders, 
Deacons and communicants, as well as schoolmasters and precentors. This 
report was sent to Holland in the spring of I739- On July 26, 1743, he was 
present at the meeting of the Synod of North Holland, meeting at Hoorn. 
where he made a further report about Pennsylvania. For his trouble the 



312 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Synod recompensed him. On Sept. i6, 1743, he appeared before the Depu- 
ties at the Hague and made a report to them, concerning Pennsylvania. 
They also recompensed him by a present in money, $12, and asked him 
why he returned to Holland. He answered that he wished to consult them 
about his future ; whether he could go to another field, or organize a con- 
gregation in Philadelphia in union with his congregations in Bucks Co., 
in order that he might receive some better compensation, for his salary 
had been reduced from $144 to $96; his young people were becoming Eng- 
lish ; and the Moravians and Romanists were active in his vicinity. He 
said that the only remedy was to send more ministers and have the Depu- 
ties guarantee their salaries. The Deputies gave him permission to change 
his field or to organize a new church in Philadelphia. 

The Deputies also urged his speedy return and instructed him to make out 
a fuller report and send it, so that the Synods of July, 1744, might have it 
for action. He sailed from Rotterdam Oct. 19, 1743, and landed in Phila- 
delphia, Jan. 16, 1744, O. S. 

He now, with the assistance of Boehm, prepared a more elaborate report 
of the conditions and necessities of Pennsylvania. He also suggested a plan 
in a letter of Feb. 16, 1744, by which the Pennsylvania churches might be- 
come self-supporting with the formation of a Coetus. He also prepared 
Goetschius one of the Frelinghuysens, Fryenmoet, Jonathan Du Bois and 
Marinus, more or less fully, for the ministry. 

When Rev. Michael Schlatter arrived on his mission in 1746 he received 
him kindly, but he was not present at the preliminary meetings in 1746 or 
1747. He did not think t+iat Schlatter had anything to do with the Dutch 
churches, but only with the Germans. He also claimed that his Dutch 
churches in Bucks Co. were independent ; yet the Consistory of Dorsius 
went to Philadelphia in May, 1748, to confer with Schlatter about their 
church. The fact was that Dorsius was breaking down from drink and 
his Consistory wished to be relieved of him. His wife left him on account 
of his drunkenness and on Sept. i, 1749, his Consistory suspended him from 
service. 

Meantime he had sailed from Philadelphia, Aug. 4, 1748, for Ireland. He 
reached Rotterdam finally on Oct. i, 1748, and supplied churches at Rot- 
terdam and Maaslings. On July 13, 1740, he appeared before the Deputies 
and suggested plans for the benefit of the congregations in Pennsylvania. 
On Jan. 13, 1750, he asked the Classis of Amsterdam to send him to 
d'Elmina under the care of the West India Co., but the Classis could not 
do this without the proper papers of dismissal from his congregation in 
Pennsylvania. He again met the Deputies of the Synods, Jan. 20, 1750, and 
asked for a dismission from his church in America in order to go to d'El- 
mina in Guinea ; but as the Deputies had not appointed him to Pennsylvania, 
they said they could not dismiss him. By a letter from his wife they also 
learned about his conduct in Pennsylvania and refused to have anything 
more to do with him, referring him to the Classis of Amsterdam. The 
Classis repeatedly asked him to appear before them, but he did not. On 
Oct. 5, 1750, the Classis learned all the facts from the Deputies. Mrs. 
Dorsius continued to receive aid from Holland or the Pennsylvania Coetus 
imtil 1776. 

See "Dr. Jas. I. Good's Reformed (Ger.) Church in America." "Ecc. 
Rec. N.Y." "Manual of 1879." Minutes of North Holland, 1736-8. 
Dosker, Henry E. (son of Rev. Nich. Dosker), b. Bunschoten, Neths., 
Feb. 5, 1855; Gymnasium of Zwolle, Neths., June 24, 73; H.C. 76; Mc- 
Cormick Sem., Chicago, 79, 1. CI. Grand River ; Ebenezer, 79-82, Grand 
Haven, 82-6, Lector of Theology, Holland, Mich., 84-8, Holland, 3d, 
Mar.. 89-94, Prof. Hist. Theology, Western Theolog. Sem., Holland, 
Mich., 1894-1903. (Prof. Ch. Hist. Kentucky Theo. Sem., Lewisville, 

Kent, 1903 . Pres.). D.D. R.C. 1894. LL.D. Cent. Univ. 1905. 

Publications : "De Zondagschool," 1882. "Levensschets van Dr. A. C. 



THE MINISTRY 313 

Van Raalte." 1893. "John of Barneveldt, Martyr or Traitor," 1898. "John 
Calvin," in "Presbyt. Quarterly," 1900. Dr. Bavinck on "The Principium 
Externum," in "Presbyt. Quarterly." "Topical Outline Studies in Ecc. 
Hist.," 1901. Numerous Magazine Articles. Sermon on Patriotism before 
Van Raalte Post, G. A. R., 1901. 

Dosker, Nicholas H., b. at Amsterdam, Neth., June 18, 1820; Univ. Gron- 
ingen, Nov. 20, 1849; lie. by CI. Groningen, Ap. 10, 1850; ord. by same 
May 19, 1850 (Groningen, 50-2, Bunschoten, 52-6, Almkerk, 56-62, 
Harlingen, 62-9, Zwolle, 69-73, all in Holland) ; c. to America, 1873; 
Grand Rapids, 2d, 73-83, Kalamazoo, 83-87. Died Ap. 18. 
Member of Council H.C. 1883-7. Bd. of Supt. W.T.S. 1885-7. 
He was eminent as a scholar, a preacher and a pastor before coming to 
America. In the New World he was readily adapted to the genius of the Re- 
formed Church. He became a tower of strength to his church and Classis, 
especially during the period of agitation and defection 1880-82. His life 
and ministry were crowned with large results. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Doty, Elihu, b. in 1809. R.C. 1835; N.B.S. 36, 1. CI. Schoharie ; Missionar.v, 
Batavia, 36-9, Sambas, Borneo, June, 39-40, in Borneo, 40-April, 44, 
Amoy, June, 44-5. in America, 46-7, Amoy, 47-59, in America, 60-1, 
Amoy, 61-4. sailed for America, Nov. 30, 1864; d. on passage. 
His first aspirations after missionary life were formed in the Sabbath- 
school. In his studies he was known for his faithful application and excel- 
lent scholarship — not showy, but solid, developing excellent judgment and 
great balance of mind, and winning respect and confidence by his earnest 
and decided piety. He was somewhat advanced in age when he began his 
preparation for the ministry, and, by the advice of others, overleaped two 
3'ears of the collegiate course. He was a man of massive solidity of char- 
acter, and his religious convictions of great strength. He was not brilliant 
or profound, his reading was not extensive, nor did he sacrifice much to the 
graces. Yet what he undertook he performed. His integrity, intellectual 
and moral, was complete, and no one ever dreamed of questioning his con- 
scientiousness. His missionary ardor was increased by the magnetic pres- 
ence and contagious enthusiasm of the genial and winning David Abeel. 
In Borneo his labor appeared fruitless, but in Amoy he was abundantly re- 
warded. In his later years in China, he gave himself more especially to the 
literary work of the mission, preparing for the press such works as were 
deemed suitable. He was admirably fitted for this department by his habits 
of accuracy, his candor, judgment and freedom from caprice and prejudice. 
He was a laborious man. There was no romance in his character. A stern, 
determined worker, he sturdily pressed on. He met difificulties with a quiet 
heroism, but turned not aside. He never spared himself till friends com- 
pelled him. He met with many discouragements in the deaths of his fellow- 
missionaries. Abeel, Pohlman, Thompson, in the loss of two wives succes- 
sively, and in asthmatic difticulties. At last he felt compelled to leave China 
finally to die among his I)rethren, but four days before reaching his native 
land he expired. His disability and subsequent decease were due to over- 
work. For fourteen years his salary was re.gularlv contributed by the Mar- 
ket St. Church, N. Y. C. See fuller sketch in "Ch. Int.," April 6, 1865. 

PuBLiCATioxs : "Narrative of a Tour in Borneo." "Some Thoughts on 
the Proper Term for God in the Chinese." 8vo, pp. 28. "Shanghai," 1850. 
"Translation of Sacramental and Marriage Forms of R.P.D.C. into Amoy 
Colloquial," 1853. "Anglo-Chinese Manual of the Amoy Dialect." 8vo, 
pp. 212, 1853. (This is in the Romanized character.) "Translation and 
Revision into the Amoy Dialect of Milner's "Thirteen Village Sermons, in- 
cluding Milner's Tract on the Strait Gate." "Amoy," 1854. 
Dougall, Arthur, b. Alpans, Schenectady Co., N. Y., Nov. 20, 1868; U.C. 
92; P.S. 95; lie. Presbyt. of Albany, 95; ord. Presbyt., Newcastle, 95 
(Northwood, N. Y. (Pres. Miss.), May-Sept., 94, Berlin, Md., 1895- 
190c) ; Fort Plain, N. Y., 1900-1902. Presbyterian 1902 



314 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



Doughty, James Walter, b. Circleville, O. P. Univ. 1887. P.S. 1890. I. 

by Pres. of N.B. 1890. (Pres. Missionary, Japan, 1890-1902. Sc. N. Y. 

Bible Society 1902-06. Lecturing 1906-13. Civic Work, Citizen's Union, 

N.Y., 1913-19. West Hoboken, N. J., Hope, 1919— — 

Douma, John W. 1. by CI. Holland. Hull, la., American Ref., 1911-14. 

Douma, Robert W., Twin Lakes, Mich., 1914-17; Ada, Mich., 1917-1920; 

Presbytery of Northern Arizona, 1920. 
Douwstra, George H., b. Aug. 14, 1876, Grand Rapids, Mich. Central Col. 
1901. W.T.S. 1904. 1. by CI. Wis. 1904. Lansing, 111., 1904-08; Hos- 

pers, la., 1908 . Member of Bd. Supt. N.W.C. Acd. Member Bd. 

Supt. W.T.S. 
Douwstra, Harm, Pella, 3d, 1894-1902, Kalamazoo, 3d, 1902-1903. Free 

Grace, Middleburg (Orange City), 1903 

Douwstra, Richard D., b. Neth., Oct. 19, 1874 . Central C. '01. W.T.S. 
1904. Chicago, Gano, 1904-10; Newkirk, 111., 1910-17; Boyden, la., 

1919-21 ; Westfield, N. D., 1921 

Dowling, George Thos., b. N. Y. C. June 2, 1849; Hamilton Coll.; Crozier 
Theolog. Sem. (Fellowship, N. J., Bapt., 1870-1, Providence, R. I., 
Bapt. 3d, 71-3, Cleveland, O., Baptist Central, 7i-..); Lecturing; Al- 
bany, Madison Ave., 1889-92; Lecturing; (became Episcopalian; Brook- 
Lne, Mass.; Pasadena, Cal.). 
Doyle, Daniel P. From Mt. Hermon School; Long Island City (Sunny- 
side), 1897-1903; Linlithgow, 1903-06; Schodack, 1906-14; Grand 

Gorge, 1914-15; Long Island City, ist, 1915-19; Colts Neck, 1919 

Dragt, John J., b. Wolvega, Neth., July 2, 1839. Traveling Evangelist in 
Netherlands, Christian Reformed Churches, Mich., 1881-92, Pella and 
Firth, Neb., 1895-6, Muscatine, Iowa, 97; Rotterdam, Kan., 1897-1905, 
Roseland, Minn., 1905-10, Silver Creek, Maple Lake, Miss., 1910-13, 
Clara City and Twin Brooks, S.D. (S.S.) 1917-20. d. Nov. 6, 1920. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1921, 633. 
Drake, Edward Alexander, b. Chicago, 111., May 11, 1871 ; Lake Forest 
Coll., 94 ; Aub. Sem., 97 ; lie. CI. Montgomery ; Manito and Spring 
Lake, 111., 1897-1903; Pennsylvania Lane, 1903-07. Became Presbyter- 
ian. 
Drake, Francis Topping, b. at Southold, L. I., June 20, 1805; R,C. 38; 
N.B.S. 41; lie. CI. Orange; Wurtsboro', 42-4, Canastota, 44-53 (Middle 
Is., L. I., Presbvt., 53-63, supplied Holly, N. J., Presbyt. one year; d. 
1867, Feb. 18). See "Manual of 1879." 
Dreyer, John H., b. 1768, New York, Ger. 1812-14, went to Europe, w. c. 

1814-24, name stricken from roll ; d. 1840. 
Drisius, Samuel, b. 1600, residing at Middelburg when he matriculated in 
Leyden University, Sept. 23, 1620, aged 20; topic of study not specified. 
Pastor of an English-speaking church in England (not Dutch, as gen- 
erally said) from i630?-i649?; matriculated a second time, at Leyden, 
Jvme 14, 1649, as a student of Medicine; aged 46?; residence, Anglus, 
England; sailed for America April 4, 1652; New Amsterdam, 1652-73; 
d. April 18. 
On account of the political troubles Drisius had left England about 1648-9 
and begun the study of medicine at Leyden, as above indicated. He now 
signs his name as Samuel Dries, instead of the Latinized form of Drisius. 
There is a slight discrepancy as to his age, but there is no doubt as to his 
identity with the Drisius of 1620. There is also some confusion in the 
translation of "Duytsch." This has been translated by "German," but it 
really means Dutch, which is, however, generally expressed by "Neder- 
duytsch." His name is Dutch — Dries, Driesch, being the same as van Dries- 
sen. Hence the statements that he was a German and brought up in the 
German tongue, seem incorrect. The latter certainly, for he was edu- 
cated at Leyden. The Minutes also speak of him always as having been a 



THE MINISTRY 315 

"pastor in England," not a "Dutch pastor in England." It would seem then 
tliat his ministrations for a score of years had been in English, and hence 
the Classis wanted to know if he could yet speak Dutch well. For on Feb. 
26 wo read that he was educated by Duitsche parents and in the Duitsche 
tongue; the Classis, therefore, determined to make trial how they liked 
his Duitsche pronunciation. This latter certainly means the Holland tongue; 
and his trial sermon is referred to in the next session (March 11) as 
having been in "Nederduytsch." On March 18 he presented commendatory 
testimonials from the entire Consistory of the English-speaking Presby- 
terian Church of Amsterdam. This implies that he preached in Englisii 
while in England. 

On April 4, 1652, the Directors of the West India Company wrote to 
Stuyvesant : "At your request for another preacher whom you desire, if 
possible, to preach in the English language, we have made every effort and, 
at last, as if sent by the Lord, Domine Samuel Dries, a bachelor of about 
40 (?) years, has made his appearance, who, on account of the perturbances 
in England, where he had been preaching, being born of Dutch parents, 
retreated from there. He has the reputation of being a very pious man 
and possessed of great gifts, is able to preach in both languages, English 
and Dutch, and, if necessary, even in French. He is said to be of a very 
peaceful disposition and agreeable conversation, so that we are confident 
the community will be pleased with him and that he will be a great instru- 
ment for the propagating of God's holy Word and glory; also a suitable 
assistant to the old gentleman, Domine Megapolensis. We have allowed 
h m a salary of 100 florins per month ($40, or $480 per year) and 250 florins 
per year for subsistence." . . . "He is unmarried." . . . O'Callag- 
han (ii, 191) makes the same mistake about his age, following the Directors. 
He subsequently married Lysbeth Juriaensen, widow of Isaac Greveraet. 
She died in 1688. Munsell, in his "Annals of Albany," gives an interest- 
ing account of Mrs. Drisius (vii, 93). We have seen not a single docu- 
mentary reference that Drisius could, or ever did, preach in German. On 
account of his knowledge of English, he was employed as envoy to the Gov- 
ernor of Virginia, to negotiate a commercial treaty. He united with Mega- 
polensis in protesting against the Lutherans. They even induced Governor 
Stuyvesant to issue a proclamation breaking up their so-called conventicles. 
Fines and imprisonments were suffered by some for a violation of the order. 
Complaints were finally made to the W. I. Company, who administered a 
just rebuke. It was Drisius who first proposed to the company the estab- 
lishment of a Latin school in New Amsterdam, that the youth might not 
be required to go to Boston to secure a classical education. For a while 
he preached to the Huguenot and Vaudois settlers on Staten Island once a 
month, but ill-health, after a few years, compelled him to relinquish these 
services. See "Baird's Daille." 

See "Ecc. Rec. N. Y.," many letters. "Doc. Hist.," iii, 69. "Col. Hist.,"' i, 
496, iii, 75, 646. "Gen. and Biog. Rec," vii, 61. It would be interesting 
to hunt up the place of his preaching for many years in England. Probablv 
a reference would be found to it in the Mints, of the Presbyterian Church 
of Amsterdam, 1649-52. These Minutes are intact from i6no. 
Droppers, Oliver G., b. Sept. 7, 1888, Cedar Grove, Wis. H.C. 1912. 

W.T.S. 1915. 1. by CI. Holland 1915. Byron Centre, Mich., 1915-19; 

Classical Miss. CI. G.R. 1919-20; Muskegon Heights, Mich., 1920-22, 

Cleveland, O., Calvary, 1922 

Drumm, T. Porter, b. Isle of Man. 1881. McGill Univ. 1906. Montreal 

Pres. College 1910. Pastorates in New Brunswick, Canada, 1910-19; 

Newark, N. J., North, 1919 . D.D. R.C. 1920. 

Drury, John Benjamin, b. Rhinebeck, N. Y., Aug. 15. 1838; R.C. 58; 

N.B.S. 61; lie. CI. Poughkeepsie; Miss, to Davenport, la., 61-2. Ghent, 

1st, 64-87, Editor of "Christian Intelligencer," 1887-1909. d. March 21. 

D.D. by R.C. 1880; Vedder Lectures, 1883; Lecturer in Summer 



3i6 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



School of Am. Institute of Christian Philosophy, 1885 ; Pres. of Gen. 

Syn., 1886. 
Dr. Drury was a faithful pastor and a truly great editor. He was stud- 
ious, doing his work slowly and well. He was a kindly man and, as he said 
of himself, "Born to stand in the breach." He had the gift of seeing the 
breach and he so filled it that it generally ceased to be. See Min. Gen. Syn., 

1909, 515- 

Publications : Many articles in magazines and papers and published ad- 
dresses, for which see Manual of 1902. 

Dubbink, Gerrit Hendrik, b. Overisel, Mich., Dec. 3, 1866; H.C. 92; W.S. 
95; 1. CI. Holland; Holland, 3d, Mich., 1895-1904. Professor of 
Didactic and Polemic Theology W.T.S. 1904-10. d. July 10. 
He was a student, a forceful and convincing preacher, and a tower of 
strength to the Seminary. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 191 1, 258. 

Publications : Hist. Sketch of 3d Ch. Holland, Mich., 1899. 
Du Bois, A. A. Rec'd from Presbyterian 1912. Bloomingburgh, 1912-14; 
North Paterson, 1914-15; Hull, la., Am. Ref., 1916-17. Presbyterian. 
Du Bois, Anson (son-in-law of P. S. Wynkoop), b. at Catskill, Aug. 29, 
1821 ; R.C. 47; N.B.S. 50; 1. and ord. CI. Greene; Miss, to Thousand 
Isles, 50-4; Kingston, 2d, 54-9, Cor. Sec. Bd. Dom. Missions, 59-62, 
Schenectady, 2d, 62-9, teaching classical and Eng. school at Amelia 
C.H., Va., 69-70, and preaching to Dutch settlers at Amelia CH. and 
Mattoax, Va., 69-70; Flatlands, 70-82, St. Thomas, W. I., 82-6, supply 
at Owasco Outlet, 86,* Athenia, N. J., 86-1901 ; Emeritus, d. May i, 
1905. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1865. D.D. by U.C, 1865. 
He was an unassuming spirit who faithfully performed every duty. — See 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1905, 277. 

Publications: Documents and Family Hist, of Benj. Du Bois, who 
settled at Catskill, 1727. 4to, 1878. "Hist, of Church of Flatlands"; in 
MSS. in Sage Library; printed in "Stile's Hist. Kings Co., N. Y.," 1884. 

Pamphlets : Memorial Sermon for Rev. Wm. O. Allen, 25 yrs. pastor 
R.D.S., St. Thomas, W. I., 1885. Sermon against Sunday Opening of Co- 
lumbian Exposition, 1893. "Our Duty to the Future; an Address at Com- 
mencement of Western Theolog. Sem., Holland, Mich.," 1895. 

Many articles for press. See Manual, 1902. 
Du Bois, Benj., b. at PittsGrove, N. J., Mar. 30, 1739; studied under J. H. 
Goetschius, 1. by the American CI. 1764; Freehold and Middletown, 
1764-1827; d. 18... Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1783. 
He was a man of prudence who maintained himself amid many difficulties. 
He was a great patriot and served in the army during the Revolutionary 
war. 

His bodily infirmities toward the latter part of his ministry greatly 
increased, so that he sometimes fainted in the pulpit, and in 1817 the Con- 
sistory gave him a colleague in Rev. S. A. Van Vranken. — "Hist. Dis. by 
Marcel-lus." "Du Bois Reunion," 107, 147. Rev. T. W. Wells' "Hist. Disc, 
at Marlboro'," 1877. "Proceedings N. J. Hist. Soc," iii, 133. See Manual, 
1902. 

(His great-grandson, Benj. Du Bois Wyckofif, a Presbyt. minister, b. 
1834; Hanover Coll. 18..; Allegheny Sem., 18..; Miss, to Allahabad, 
India, 60-2, Minpooric, 62-8, in America, 69-71, Futteghur, Ind., 71-5, re- 
turned to America, 75, Archibald and Oliphant, Pa., 76-9, Miss, in Greene 
Co., N. Y., 79-83, Jullinder, Gabatha, Ind., 83-8, Umballah, Ind., 88-95, hav- 
ing charge in this latter place of a leper asylum. Twenty-nine years were 
spent in India.) 

Du Bois, Geo., b. 1800. at New Paltz ; studied under Froeligh, 1819, 1. CI. 
Paramus, 1819 ; Bloomingburgh and Mamakating, 1820-4, Franklin St., 
New York, 1824-37, Tarrytown, 1838-44; d. 
See Manual of 1902. 



THE MINISTRY 31/ 

He published "A Caution to the Temperate," 1829. See "Bi-Centennial 
of Ch. Tarrytown," 147. 
Du Bois, Gideon, Aquackanonck, 1724-6. 

Du Bois, Gualthcrus (son of Rev. Peter Du Bois, of Amsterdam), b. at 
Streefkerk, Holland, 1671 ; lie. by CI. of Amsterdam, Apr. 5, 1695; ord. 
by same, June i, 1699, New York, 1 699-1 751 ; died Oct. 9. Supplied 
Hackensack 1728-30 and Bergen and other places occasionally. 

In the third edition of the "Manual," he is put down as a graduate of Ley- 
den University, 1697. This was stated on the authority of De Ronde's 
funeral sermon, as quoted in "Doc. Hist," iii, 324. But his name does not 
appear in the printed catalogues of either Leyden, Utrecht or Groningen. 
Yet in the Mints, of Classis, quoted below, laudable certificates, ecclesi- 
astical and academic, were read. His father, Rev. Peter Du Bois, was 
called from the church of Gorcum to Amsterdam, and installed there. May 
25, 1687, and died March 3, 1698, being the looth minister settled in the 
Collegiate Church of Amsterdam, after the Reformation (Wagenaar's "De- 
script, of Amsterdam," ii, 145). There is only one Du Bois mentioned in the 
Leyden Catalogue — Adrian Du Bois, who matriculated Sept. 9, 1746, as a 
student of Theology, annos academicos habens, and only one in Utrecht 
University — Henry Francis Gualtherus Du Bois, but this was as late as 
1874. There is no Du Bois in the catalogue of Groningen. That of Franeker 
has not been examined, if, indeed, it was ever printed. 

Du Bois was licensed to preach by the Classis of Amsterdam April 5, 1695. 

During the next four years, 1695-9, the church of New York was going 
through a great crisis, both about the obtaining of their charter and espe- 
cially the calling of the first minister under their new charter. The docu- 
ments are very voluminous, but interesting. But all was settled before Du 
Bois arrived in 1699. Rev. Hieronyums Verdieren had declined the call on 
account of the many and complex difficulties existing. Van Schaick and 
Banker, the Committee of the New York church, said to the Classis, "that 
the calling of and sending .of a minister should be conducted at the present 
juncture with the greatest care." One should be chosen of a very pacific 
character, in order, if possible, to quench the disturbances. Domine Selyns 
wrote an account of the difficulties, sending over copies of the official docu- 
ments, all of which are now recovered. After several attempts, the Classis, 
on May 4, 1699, voted on three candidates. Rev. Gualterus Du Bois, Rev. 
John Lydius, of Oyfberg, and Rev. Petrus Vas. Bu Bois was chosen by a 
plurality of votes and letters were at once written to New York. The Classis 
says : "From these nominees, we have chosen by a majority of votes. Rev. 
Gualterus Du Bois, a young man of about 28 years of liberal study and dig- 
nified gifts. He is a son of our deceased colleague (Rev. Peter) Du Bois. 
He is a very conscientious man and also amiable in intercourse. We feel 
assured that, with God's blessing, he will do good service in your church. 
Since he is an enemy of all partizanship, we have good hope that he may 
prove a blessed instrument to calm all your disturbances, both by his precept 
and example." On June i, 1699, after preaching a sermon, Du Bois under- 
went his final examination, "and did so acquit himself therein that the 
Assembly cordially admitted him to ordination to the Sacred Ministry. This 
was performed by the examiner, Scrillingh, by the laying on of hands." Vol. 
viii, 305. The next day the proper testimonials were given him by the 
Deputies and a duplicate of his call. 

On March 29, 1700, the Consi.story of New York wrote a letter heartily 
thanking the Classis "in providing us with such an excellent pastor as 
Domine Gualtherus Du Bois. His learning and virtues have justly become 
an ornament to our church. Through his remarkable zeal, mingled with 
gentleness, the troublesome disputes which have, through each other's 
rashness, now for some years past turned our church topsy-turvy, have at 
last been almost completely extinguished. Every one in the congregation 
takes the greatest satisfaction in his teaching and deportment." . . . "We 



3i8 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



clearly perceive the blessing of the Lord in this circumstance, for he has 
brought light out of darkness. For never was a congregation more agi- 
tated than ours over the calling of a minister ; and never did feeling extend 
to such hot antagonisms." 

In the fall of 1700 the Consistory built Domine Du Bois a new parsonage. 
He was evidently the right man for the times and place. The records of 
his church, his correspondence and tradition all unite in representing him 
as a man of a quiet and peaceful spirit. In seasons of difificulty arising from 
contentions, such as existed on Long Island and elsewhere, he exerted a 
most beneficient influence to conciliate and heal. Respectable in his pulpit 
exercises, prudent, judicious and consistent in his practical course, and 
kind in his spirit, he won the affection of the church and the respect of the 
community. He welcomed Schlatter on his arrival, in 1746. He preached 
for the last time on Sept. 25, 1751. He designed to proceed to Bergen the 
next day (Monday) and administer the Lord's Supper. But he was seized 
that Sabbath evening with illness which in ten days terminated his life. He 
had passed his eightieth year. The newspapers of the city noticed his death 
with high praise of him. He left a large amount of MSS., which testify 
to his industry and devotedness. In these he expounds in order whole 
books of the Bible. His wife, who accompanied him from Holland, was 
Helena Van Boelen. (But according to the "N. Y. Gen. and Biog. Record," 
xi, 174, he married Helena Van Boelen, of New York, Dec. 13, 1700.; 
Some of his children became connected with the leading families of the day, 
and his descendants are numerous. He was the author of the plan for a 
Coetus, and one of its warmest friends at its original institution, in 1737, as 
well as ten years later, when it was brought into practical operation; but 
he died before the disruption of the church into Coetus and Conferentie and 
the sad contentions which followed. Had his life been spared, he would 
doubtless have exerted a most salutary influence. His correspondence 
(which remains in the archives of the church) with the Classis of Amster- 
dam, denotes ability and a spirit of moderation and kindness. His hand- 
writing is exceedingly neat and distinct, and his autographic signature 
peculiarly fine and imposing. In the Consistory room of the Collegiate 
Church there is a large and well-executed portrait of him. which strikes the 
beholder as characteristic of the qualities ascribed to him. 

The portraits of all his successors are also there to be seen. While such 
were the traits of his character, he was so universally honored that by vir- 
tue of accorded merit he was, says Smith, in his "History of New York," 
more like a bishop among the Dutch churches than the pastor of a single 
organization. — Rev. Dr. Thos. Dc Witt. 

Barclay, in his correspondence with the Church in England, throws out an 
unkind fling at him for resisting their encroachments. Mr. Du Bois bap- 
tized Samuel Provoost, who afterward became a bishop in the Episcopal 
Church. This circumstance was subsequently charged against him, as in- 
Z'alidiitiug his office, he having received no other baptism! ("Christians' 
Mag.;' i, 92, ii, 430, 435). 

"Doct. Hist.," iii, 324. 329, 537, 541. "Mints. Ch., N. Y." His many let- 
ters, with other documents, will be found in Ecc. Rec. N. Y. 

See "Winfield's Hist, of Hudson County, N. J.," 383. Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Kort Begryp der waare Christelyke Leere, uit den Heidel- 
berg Catech. uitgetrokken, door ordre der Christelyke Synod te Dordrecht, 
Anno 1618-19. Met eenige verklaaringe over elke Vraage verrykt, voor den 
Leer — lieven den en Bejcerigen tot's Heeren H. Avondmaal. 

Zamengestelt door Gualtherus du Bois, Bedienaar des Godlyken Woords 
inde Nederduitsche Gereformeerde Gemeente ter Stede Nieuw-York in 
America, 24th April, 1706. Pages 75. Or 

Compendium of the True Christian Doctrine, extracted from the Heidel- 
berg Catechism by Order of the Synod of Dort. 1618-19: Enriched with 
certain Explanations on Each Question for the Instruction of those desir- 
ing to partake of the Lord's Supper. 



THE MINISTRY 319 

Composed by Gualterus Bu Bois, Servant of the Word of God in the 
Dutch Refd. Church of the city of New York, Ap. 24, 1706. Pages 75. 

The Title in full is given in Biog. Appendix to Dr. Bethune's "Sermons 
on the Catechism." 

Du Bois, Hasbrouck, b. East Fishkill, N. Y., Nov. 27, 1832, Y.C. '56, 
N.B.S. 1859, Newark, 4th, 59-61. Bloomingburgh, 63-6, Mott Haven, 
66-87; al.so S.S. Union, High Bridge, d. Aug. 5, 1902 . 
See Min. Gen. Syn.. 1903, 516. Ch. Int., Aug. 13 and 27, 1902. 
Du Bois. John, b. in Schoharie Co., N. Y., Mar. 5, 1812; U.C. 39, N.B.S. 42, 
1. CI. Washington ; Manheim, 43-5, Gansevoort, 45-50, Cicero, 50-4, 
Boglit, 54-9, Mamakating, 59-65, Middleport, 66-74, Cuddebackville, 
74-80, S.S. at Mamakating, 80-84, d. Ap. 7. 
Du Bois, Jonathan, b. in Pittsgrove, N. J., Dec. 3, 1727; studied under his 
pastor. Rev. David Evans (Presbyt.), and at the Presbyt. Synod's 
School at New London, Pa. Licensed in the fall of 1750; North and 
South Hampton, Pa., 1751-72, d. Dec. 15. 
In his eighteenth year his attention was turned to the ministry. After 
studying a while with his pastor and at the Presbyterian Synod's school at 
New London, Pa., he was sent with a letter from his pastor to his relatives 
at Esopus, N. Y., asking for help to pursue his studies. He was one of the 
original trustees of Queen's College. 1770. See "Harbaugh's Lives," ii, 
380. "Du Bois Reunion," 108, 109. He was, according to a receipt, already 
officiating in some capacity at N. and S. Hampton, as early as the middle 

o^ ^749- 

Duby, J. Louis, c. from Geneva, Switz., 1795; supplied French Ch., N. Y. C, 
1795-7. returned to Geneva. 

Duck, E. M., b. Aug. 4. 1872, Spring Mills, Pa. Gettysburg Col. 1897. N.S. 
1901. 1. by Litchfield Cong. Ass. Rosendale, N. Y., 1903-05; Montville, 
N. J., 1905-11 ; Jersey City, Greenville, 1911 . B.D. 

Duckworth, Joseph. Philadelphia, South. 1896-7. 

Duddy, Frank E. Ord. CI. .Poughkeepsie 1916. Ass. Ref. Ch. Poughkeep- 
sie, 1916-17; Y.M.C.A. War Work, 1917-19; Congregational, 1919 

Duffield, John Reginald. Ord. by CI Poughkeepsie 1906. Fishkill, N. Y.. 

1906-10. also S.S. Glen, N. Y., 1910. Missionary to India 1910 . 

Presbyterian, 1913 

Duiker, Roelof, b. in Netherlands, 1825. Entered minister of the Chris- 
tian Ref. Ch. in the Netherlands 1850. (Ch. Ref. Ch. Grand Rapids, 
1867-72), Danforth, 111., 72-4; Milwaukee, 74-77; Grand Haven, 78-81 
(Christian Ref. Ch., Grand Haven. 82-88); Grandville. 88-90; Kala- 
mazoo. 90-92; Grand Rapids, 8th, 92-96 w. c. d. Aug. 9, 1917. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1918, 597. 

Duiker. Roelof, b. Albany, N. Y. H.C. W.T.S. 1918. 1. by CI. G. R. 1918. 
Strasburg. N. D., 1919 

Duiker, Wm. John (s. of R. Duiker), b. Niezyl, Neths., Jan. 21, 1865; 
H.C. 86. N.B.S. 89, 1. CI. N.B.; Albany (Hoi.), 89-91, Middleburgh, 
la., 91-5, Fulton, III.. 1895-1902. Gibbsville, Wis., 1902-08, Leighton, la., 
Ebenezer, 1908-11, Grand Rapids, 6th, 1911-17, Lansing, 111.. 1918-19, 
Archer, la., 1919-21. Oskaloosa, la.. 1921 

Dumont. A. Henry, N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. N.B. ; Aliss. at Union and Salem, 
26, Greenbush and Blooming Grove, 26-9, Pottsville, Pa., and Miss, at 
Tuscarora and Fort Carbon, 29-30. Gen. Agent of Miss. Soc, 32-33, 
Congregationalist, Newport, R. I., 1833-.., d. 1865. 

Dumont, Wm. Alex., b. Bedminster. N. J.. Dec. 23. 1857; R.C. 80, U.S. 
82-5, 1. CI. Raritan ; Hastings-on-Hudson. 85-8. New Hackensack, 

1888-1911. Coxsackie, ist, 1911-1920; Glenvillc, ist. 1920 . Pres. 

P.S.A.' 1915. State S.S. Examiner in Teachers' Training. 

Duncombe, Alfred, b. Stroud, Gloucester, Eng., Nov. 26, i860; R.C; 
N.B.S. 1893, 1. CI. Bergen; Manhasset, 1893-1907; Bogota, 1907-15; 
Long Branch, 191 5 



320 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

(Dunlap, John. Miss, to Sand Beach, 1828-9, d.) 

Dunlap, John. S.S. at Castleton, 1888-9. 

Dunnewold, A. J., b. Clymer, N. Y., June 2, 1894. H.C. 1918. W.T.S. 1921. 

1. by CI. Holland 1921. Dunningsville, Mich., 1921 

Dunnewold, John Willem, b. July 23, 1821, at Winterswyk, Neth. ; studied 
privately; lie. by Cong. Assoc, of Chautauqua, N. Y., June, 51; ord. 
by Cong. Oct. 8, 51 (Clymer, Cong., 51-3) ; Clymer R.D.C., 53-60, 
Clymer and Mina Corners, 60-8, Gibbsville, Wis., 68-87, Lansing, 111., 
87-94. Died Oct. 20, 1895. 
He settled in Milwaukee, after a brief stay in Albany, having come to 
America in 1846. A colony of Hollanders had settled at Clymer, N. Y., 
and being without a church, they spent their Sabbaths in card playing and 
other improper ways. Yet conscience was not dead. They longed for 
some one to guide and teach them. Some of them remembered a young 
man at Winterswyk in Holland, who used to stand near a pillar in the 
church there, listening intently to the preaching of the Word. They wrote 
to Holland, thinking he could serve them. They found he was in Mil- 
waukee. They wrote to him there and asked him to come to them as a 
private Christian and elder. He came. He labored by day and taught 
from house to house far into the night. There ensued a wonderful revival. 
He longed to become a minister. The means for an academic education 
were wanting. A Congregational minister instructed him, and he was or- 
dained by Congrcgationalists. For more than 40 years he was an earnest 
preacher of the Gospel, without educational advantages, a burning love for 
Christ and souls more* than supplied its place. He was unequaled as a 
pastor. He had a peculiar ability in enforcing Divine Truth in reference to 
the various duties and experiences of those among whom he lived. Though 
without a regular education, he preached in Dutch, German, or English. 
See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1896, 492. 

Dunning, E. O., from Onedia Assoc; Canajoharie, 1842-4, w. c. 1844-9. 
Durand, Cyrus B., b. N. Y. C, July 27, 1835; R.C. 58, N.B.S. 61, 1. CI. 
Bergen; Preakness, 62-8, Boonton, 68-71, Hackensack, 2d, 71-82; be- 
came Episcopalian (Newark, St. James, 1882-1904). d. Aug. 14, 1904. 
Durfee, Jesse F., b. Central Bridge, N. Y., March 16, 1886. R.C. 1910. 
N.B.S. 1913. 1. by CI. Schoharie 1913. Hurley, N. Y., 1913-20, also 

S.S. Marbletown, 2d, 1914-20; Bedminster, N. J., 1920 

Duryea, John H., b. at Wallkill, N. Y., Nov. 28, 1810; R.C. 34, N.B.S. 37, 
1. CI. Orange, Wawarsing, 1837-8, Totowa, 2d, 1838-95, d. Emeritus, 
1882. D.D. by R.C. 1871. 
He was of Huguenot ancestry on the paternal side. He remained in his 
field at Paterson for 56^/2 years. After being declared emeritus, he still 
was active in the church, teaching a Bible Class, and visiting the sick, and 
performing other duties so far as health would permit. The church which 
he served so long is his memorial; its history is the history of his life. He 
made it what it is. He also took active part in the welfare of the city 
generally, aiding in developing its educational institutions, served as super- 
intendent of public schools, and for 20 years was on the Board of Ex- 
aminers of Teachers. He served with zeal and fidelity in every position 
to which he was called. He was in hearty sympathy with the benevolent 
work of the church, supporting her institutions by precept and example. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Address at the Funeral of Rev. Peter Allen," 1862, 

New York: 1875. "History of the Second Reformed Church of Totowa" 

(Paterson), with "Notes of the Early Churches in the Neighborhood.'' 

Published in the "Paterson Press," April 15. 1857, Feb. 21, 1869. 

Duryea, Joseph Tuthill, b. Jamaica, N. Y., Dec. 9, 1833; C.N.J. 56, P.S. 59; 

lie. Presbyt. Nassau, L. I., 58 (Troy, 2d, Presbyt.. 59-62) ; New York, 

Collegiate, 62-7 (Brooklyn. Presb. Classon Av., 67-79 Boston, Central 

Cong., 79-88, Omaha, Neb., Cong., 89-95), Williamsburgh, L. I., 95- 



THE MINISTRY 32I 

1898, d. May 17. S.T.D. by C.N.J. 1866. LL.D. by State University 
of Kansas, 1895. 
Dr. Duryea came to be one of the most widely known clergymen in the 
United States. He had a great reputation for scholarship and for eloquence 
in the pulpit. He was invited to be president of several institutions, among 
them Princeton, which he had saved from financial disaster after the Civil 
War. He took great interest in social progress and was trusted by both 
sides in labor disputes. 

See Manual, 1902. Ch. Int., July 15, 1898. 

Publications : "Presbyterian Hymnal," 1874. "The Psalter for Use in 
Worship," 1886. "Vesper Services," 1887. Oration before Alumni of 
Princeton in Commemoration of the Graduates who served in the Union 
Army. Address before the Cabinet, Senate, House of Representatives, 
and Officers of the Army and Navy of the U. S. "Sermons and Ad- 
dresses." 

Duryee, Abram, b. at Millstone, N. J., Aug. 4, 1867; R.C. 89-91, N.B.S. 94, 
1. CI. N.B.; North Hackensack, N. J., 1894-1911 ; Ass., Bergen, Jersey 

City, 1911-17. Educational Sec. Bd. of Publication R.C. A. 1917 

Publication's : Many articles for the Ch. Int., etc. Regular contributor 
to six educational periodicals. Educational and Evangelistic Leaflets. 
Duryee, Isaac G., b. in Schenectady, 1810; U.C. 38, A.S. 41, 1. South Assoc. 
Litchfield, Ct., 42; Fallsburgh, 42-51, Glenham, 51-2, Schenectady, 2d, 
52-8, S.S. Port Jackson, 59-62, Chaplain 31st Reg. N. Y. V. at Hilton 
Head, S. C, 62-66, d. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Ebenezer" : A Sermon at the Reopening of R.D.C., 
Fallsburgh, 1849. 

Duryee, John, b. 1760, (?) studied theol. under Livingston, lie. by Gen. 
Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1784; Raritan and Bedminster, 1786- 
98, Bedminster, 1798-1800, Pottersdam, i8co-i, Fairfield, 1801-17, d. 
1836. (?) Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1786. 
Duryee, Joseph Rankin, b. Newark, N. J., Nov. 22, 1853; R.C. 74, N.B.S. 
79 ; lie. by CI. Newark ; ord. by same, June 23, 79 ; employed in gather- 
ing and organizing a R.D.C. on the ground formerly occupied by the 
Chapel of Collegiate Ch., 7th av. and 54th st., 1879-85; pastor of said 
church— "Grace Refd. Ch.," N. Y. C, 1884-1921. D.D. by R.C. 1892. 

Member Bd. of Direction 1902. Trustee R.C. 1905 . Trustee of 

many other religious and civil societies. 
Publications: Many articles in the Press. 
See Collegiate Ch. Year-Book," 1881, 67; 1886, 60. 
Duryee, Philip H., b. at New Utrecht, 1774; C.C. 1795, studied theol. under 
Livingston, 1. CI. N. Y., 1798; Miss, in the West, 1798-1802, Saratoga 
and Easton, 1802-28, S.S. Greenwich, 1812-14, English Neighborhood, 
29-48, d. 1850. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1840. D.D. by R.C. 1834. 
In his first settlement he had taken great pleasure and labored diligently 
in rearing new churches, wiiile fostering the interests of his principal charge. 
He was possessed of a kind spirit and gentleness of manner, and sought 
and followed the things which make for peace. He was well adapted to 
labor at English Neighborhood after the troubles occasioned by the seces- 
sion there, gaining many friends. — See "Taylor's Annals." "Biog. Diet. 
N. J.," 462. 

Duryee, William Rankin, b. in Newark, N. J., April 10, 1838; R.C. 56, 
N.B.S. 61, lie. by CI. of Bergen; ord. by CI. Bergen, 62; Chaplain, 62-3, 
East Williamsburgh, 63-4, Jersey City (Lafayette Ch.), 64-91 ; Prof, of 
Ethics,- Evidences of Christianity and the English Bible in Rutgers 
College, 91-1897, d. Jan. 20. D.D. by R.C. 1876. Elected trustee of 
R.C. 1877. Pres. of Gen. Synod, 1883. 
He was possessed of a rare combination of gifts, with tastes broad, cul- 
tivated and refined. He was an accomplished scholar, a witty and ready 
speaker — in short an unusual Christian scholar and gentleman. 



322 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

The memory of his first wife is embalmed in the Charlotte W. Duryee 
School for Women, in connection with the Amoy Mission. To this mission 
his daughter, Lilly N. Duryee, went as a missionary in 1894. "Mints. Gen. 
Syn.," 1897, 766. "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C.," 1897-5. 
See Manual of 1902. 

For a list of his numerous publication, see Manual, 1902. 
Dushaw, Amos I. Redfield Col. 1901. U.T.S. 1904. 1. by Pres. of N. Y. 
1904. (Pres. Newark, N. J. East Meredith. N. Y., St. Paul Minn.). 
Brooklyn, Green Point, Kent St., 1918-19. Head of Near East Relief, 
Jerusalem, 1920-21. 
Publications : "Proselytes of the Ghetto," "Tragedy of the Ghetto." 
Other books and articles. 

Dusinberre, Thos. Sproull, b. at Warwick, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1835 ; R.C. 61, 
N.B.S. 64, 1. CI. Paramus (supplied Amity, Presb., in fall of 64, taught 
the Classics, 65-6, Miss, at Park Chapel, Albany, Apr.-Oct, 66) ; Pratts- 
ville, 66-70, Linlithgo, 70-89, West New Hempstead, 89-1898, w. c. d. 
July 4, 1920. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1921, 628. 
Dutcher, Jacob C, b. Oct. 8, 1820; R.C. 43, N.B.S. 46, 1. CI. N.B.; Owasco, 
46-50, Bergen Neck, 50-54, Bergen Point, 54-57, Coxsackie, ist, 57-58, 
Seventh Av., N. Y. C, 58-59, Sixth Av., N. Y., Union Ch., 59-63, 
Market St. N. Y., 63-66 (S.S. Somers, Ct., Cong., 67-8), Bound 
Brook, 68-79, U. S. Consul at Port Hope, Canada, 80-87, w. c. Died 
Nov. 27, 1888. _ • 
He was an effective writer and speaker, a good pastor, and a man of 
large and noble heart. 

See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1889. 915. "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 
1889, 18. 

Publications: "Requisites of Nat. Greatness," 1843. "Washington": 
An Oration at Niblo's Theatre, 1872, before Order of United Americans. 
This address has a very large circulation. "Our Fallen Heroes." "Amer- 
ica : Her Danger and Her Safety," 1875. "The Prodigal Son," pp. 125, 
1870. "The Old Home by the River," pp. 230, 1874; two editions. "Frank 
Lyttleton ; or. Winning His Way," pp. 320. "Sketch of Capt. Demming," 
written by request of Legislature N. Y., and pub. by them; pp. 80, 1864. 
Dutton, Charles S., b. Elmira, N. Y, 1857. H.C. 1881, N.B.S. 84, Macon and 

S. Macon, 84-7, S.S. at Raritan, 111., 87-8, w. c. 
Duven, Matthias jay, b. Waupun, Wis., Jan. 2, 1879. H.C. 1904, W.T.S. 
1907. 1. by CI. la. Grand View, S. D., 1907-10; also Corsica, S. D., 
1908-10; Hingham, Wis., 1911-16; Greenleafton, Minn., 1916-21 ; Vries- 

land, Mich., 1921 

Duven, William, b. June 6, 1882, Alton, Wis. H.C. 1908. P.G. Univ. Mich. 
1909. W.T.S. 1912. 1. by CI. Holland. Manhattan, Mont., 1912-17; 

S.S. Hope, Big Timber, Mont., 1913-17; Montana, ist, Conrad, 1917 

Dwight, Maurice W., b. at Kempsville, Va., May 4, 1796; C.C. 1816, 
N.B.S. 21, 1. CI. N.B.; Waterford, N. Y., 22-6, New Hackensack, 26-33, 
Brooklyn, ist, 33-55; died 1859. D.D. by R.C. 1845. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Publications : "Duties and Responsibilities of Christian Young Men," 

1837. "Guilt and Danger of Reading Infidel Works," in "Nat. Preacher,'' 

1838. "On Death of President Taylor," 1850. "Bearing False Witness," 
in "Pulpit Repertory," 1849. "On Death of Gen. Jer. Johnson," 1853. 
Dyer, David. Fultonville, 1839-43. 

Dyer, Francis, from Cong. Assoc. Maine, 1857, w. c. 1857-61. 

Dyer, Samuel, Westerlo, 1856-62, Presbyt. 

Dyke, Chalmers Peter, b. Neth., Dec. 25, 1869, R.C. 1892, N.B.S. 95; 
Germantown, N. Y., 95-1900, Herkimer, 1900-1904; (Missionary Pres., 
New Mexico. 1904); N. Y. C, Hamilton Grange, 1904-08; (dis. to 
Cong. 1911. In business). 



THE MINISTRY S^S 

Dvke Jacob, b. Dokkum, Vriesland, Neths., Feb 15, i860; H.C. 83, N B S. 

86 1 Presby. of Lyons, N. Y. ; Sodus, N. Y., Presb 86-94; Mayfield, 

iSgio South Bend, nd., 99-1901; Pennington Ind,, Presbyt 1901- 

o^t Herkimer NY., 1904. Also S.S. Fort Herkimer, 1904 (Pres. 

!!^) ; wTst Sayville, 1911-12; S.S. New Salem, 1912-14; Pres. 

Publications : Many articles in the press. 
Dykema, Anno Charles, b. Chicago, 111., May 20 1878. H.C. 1906. N.B.b. 
iS; Mahwah, 1909-17. (Pres. Sheldon, 111., 1917-21). Paterson, N. 

DykLa^'jaSet'b.'ch";io, 111.. April 19. 1880. H.C. 1910 N.B.S. 1913. 
1 by a Wis. Mescalero, Indian Mission, N. M., 1913; Vermilye Mem- 
orial, Lawton, Okl., 1913-14, also Apache Indians, 1913-14; ^^scalero. 
N M. (S.S.) 1914-15; Hyde Park, East Orange, 191S-19; Red Bank, 

Dyk^a^'KhiaVr, b. Prov. Groningen, Neths., Feb. 15, 1866; RC. 94, 
NBS 97, i. CI. Wisconsin; Westfield, N. Dakota, 1897-1902; Luctor, 
Kan "1902-04; Leighton, la., Ebenezer, 1904-08 ; Wortendyke. N. J., 
7908-12; Clymer Hill, N. Y., 1912; New Era, Mich., 1912-17; Grand 
Rapids, 6th, 1917-1920; Lester la. 1920 

Dykhuizen, Harm, b. Veendam, Neth. Aug^ 24, 1866; H.C. 1895, ^ ^S. 98' 
1 by CI. Grand River, Sheldon, la., 1898-1901 ; Carmel, la^, 1901-04. 
Pella 4th 1904-07; Jamestown, Mich., 2d, 1907-10; Grand Rapids, 6th, 
igio-'ii; Albany, N. Y., 5th, 1911-16; Hingham, Wis., 1917—- 

Dykstra, B. D., W.S. 1900, S.S. Bethlehem la., I900:i90i ; Charles Mix 
190^-13; Aurora, S. D., 1919 • Classical Missionary CI. Dakota 

Dykst?a%irk. H.C. 1906. W.T.S. 1914- Missionary Arabia, 1906 

Dykstra, John Albert, b. Grand Rapids, June 10, 1886. H.C 1909. P-S. 
^ 1909-10. N.B.S. 1912. 1. by CI. Michigan 1912 Catski 1, 191^2-18, 

Hamilton Grange, N. Y. C, 1918-19; Grand Rapids, Central, 1919 • 

Member Bd. Supt. N.B.S. 1919. , ^„ ^_ , „,. . p , ^^„ 
Dykstra. John D., b. Aug. 26, 1885, Fulton 111. H.C. and Ohyet Col 191I; 
WTS 191S. 1. by CI. Wis. igiS- Fremont Centre, Mich., I9i5-i7, 
Mt. Greenwood, 111, 1917-18; Westfield, N. D., Hope, 1918-21 ; Hull, 
la., American Reformed, 1921 — - u r- ^r w q anrl 

Dykstra. Lawrence, b. in Netherlands ^"S- t',^' 'Pi' r^'^'iL^H O sf, 
NBS 78, lie. CI. Grand River; Fulton, III, 78-82, Cleveland O., 82-3, 
Newkirk, la., 83-6, Albany (HoU.), 86-8, Bethlehem ist, 88-91, Chi- 
cago (Englewood), 93-8, Pella, 2d Jan., 98-1901 ; Rochester N. Y 
1902-1909; Grand Rapids, Grace. 1909-12; Holland Mich Ebenezer, 
1912-14; Chicago, 111., Englewood, 2d, 1914-18; Danforth, 111 1918— - 
Took a post-graduate course of three years in Chicago University, 
Thesis— The Synod of Dort. tt • j n u ^ c tQaq i,v 

Dysart, Jos. P., b. N. Y., 1841 ; U.C. 1865, United Presbyt. Sem. 1868 lie. 
U Presbyt! Delaware, N. Y., Ap., 1867 (Harnsville, O., 1870-1, Albany, 
Sprague Ch., 1871-3) ; Glen, i874-79- S S. Aunesyille, 78. . 

Dyslin jihn Henry, St. Johnsonville, 1788-1812. d. A so S.S, Manheim 

He was "a Swiss, a good character, and a man of learnmg. — Doc. 
Hist.," iii. 674, 686. 

Eal, see Oehl; also written Ehle. ,„t^t7- Rpd 

Eastman, E. Fred. From Presbyterian, Locust Valley, L. I., 1912-17 , Rea 

Cross Work 1917-19; dis. to Pres. 1919- . ,. ^ , j xt 

Easto" Thomas Chalme;s, b. in Jedburgh Royburgsh.re Scotland Nov 
12, 1836; West Collegiate, Edinburgh, 58. Edinburgh Divmity Hall 
(UP.Ch.), accident prevented graduation ; he. by Hartford Lent. 
Assoc Ct , 63 (South Glastonbury, Ct. (Cong.), 63-8, traveled in 
Europe; Belvidere, 111. (Presby.), 72-80); New Brunswick, ist, 80-6, 



324 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Newark, ist, 86-9, (San Francisco, Calvary, Presbyt. 89-93, Washing- 
ton, D. C, Eastern Presby., 1893-1909) ; Highland Park, New Bruns- 
wick, N. J., 1909-10; Spotswood, N. J., 1911-19; dis. to Pres. 1919; 
D.D. by Lake Forest Univ., 1881. 
Publications: Address of Welcome at Centennial of N.B.S., 1884. 
Address at 175th Anniv. of Ch. of Six Mile Run. Sermons. 
Ebaugh, John S., b. York, Pa., Ap. 19, 1795; studied under Helffenstein ; 
ord. by Syn. Ger. Ch., 1818; Miss, in N. Carolina, 18-19; Carlisle, Pa., 
19-34; joined Free Synod, 1831 ; Agent Am. Bible Soc, 35; united 
with R.D.C., N. Y. C, 1838; laboring with portions of the old Ger- 
man ch., 1838-44; pastor of said ch., 1844-51. (His name continues as 
pastor of a German ch., variously or nowhere located, from 1851-61). 
Died Nov. 2, 1874. 
For an account of the peculiar and unfortunate circumstances of Mr. 
Ebaugh's New York pastorate and his troubles with the Classis and Syn- 
ods. See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: See Manual, 1902. 
Eckel, Henry, b. at Bridgeton, N. J., 1823 ; U.Pa. 46, N.B.S. 49, 1. CI. Phil- 
adelphia ; Sharon, 49-50, Rosendale, 50-53, Moresville, 53-4, Kiskatom, 
1854-55, d. See "Manual" of 1879. 
Eckerson, Frank, b. at Old Tappan, N. J., Oct. 26, 1876; R.C. 1900, N.B.S. 
1903; ordained by CI. Newark, Missionary to China 1903. Grave's 
Lecturer 1920-21. 
Eddy, Zechariah, b. Stoi;kbridge, Vt., Dec. 19, 1815; educated privately; 
ord. by Presbyt. of Pa. (Cumberland Presbyterian), 1835; (Miss, in 
Pa. and Ohio, 35-8, Springville, N. Y. (Presbyt), 38-43, Mineral Point, 
Wis., 44-50, Warsaw, N. Y., 50-6, Birmingham, Ct., 56-8 Northampton, 
Mass., 58-67), Brooklyn Heights, N. Y., 67-71, (Detroit, Mich., Cong., 
73-84, Atlanta, Ga., 84-6). 
Publications: "Immanuel; or. The Life of Christ," 1868. Editor of 
"The Hymns of the Church, R.C. A.," 1869. Editor, with Drs. Schaffs and 
R. D. Hitchcock of "Hymns and Songs of Praise," 1874. Editor, with 
Drs. R. D. Hitchcock and L. W. Mudge, of "Carmina Sanctorum." Also 
many sermons. 

-Edgar, Cor. Henry, b. at Rahway, N. J., Ap. 11, 1811; C.N.J. 31, 1. Presb. 
Elizabeth; Rector of Grammar School, N.Y.U. 38-45 (Bridge Hamp- 
ton, L. L, Presby. 45-53), Easton, Pa., 53-82. Died 1884, Dec. 23 
He was an able exponent of Scripture and an earnest opponent of slav- 
ery at a time when it was popular. See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Many sermons, addresses and articles in regard to sla- 
very and other topics of the time, etc. See Manual, 1902. 
Edmondson, Jas., lie. CI. Montgomery, 1868; Cicero, 1879-81, Mohawk, 

1881-86; Congregationalist; Ph.D. R.C. 1882. 
Edson, G. Clements, b. Dec. 7, 1877, Downsville, N. Y., Macalester Coll. 
1899, N.Y. Univ. P.G. 1916, P.S. 1902, 1. by Pres. of North Philadel- 
phia 1902, (Pres. Carsersville, Pa., 1902-04, Anagansett, L. L, 1904-07, 
Greenpoint, 1907-11), Hasbrouck Heights 1912-15, Moderator, Presby. 
of L. L 1908. 
Publications: "National Magazine of Boston,," 'Golden Rule Maga- 
zine" of Chicago. 

Edwards, Deane, b. St. Paul, Minn., March 31, i88s, P.U. 1906, Auburn 
Sem. 1912, 1. by Pres. Cayuga, (Pres. Seneca Falls, N. Y., ist, 1913-18, 

Chaplain U.S.A. 1918-19), Bronxville 1919 

Edwards, Thomas, b. 1768 in Wales; ord. 1798; S.S. Mamakating 1831-34, 

Coeymans 1834. Died Ap. 16, 1838. 
Eells, James, b. Westmoreland, N. Y., Aug. 2^, 1822 ; Ham. Coll. 44, Aub. 
Sem. 51 (Penn. Yan, N. Y. (Presb.) 51-4, Cleveland, O., 2d, 55-9), 
Brooklyn Heights, N. Y., 59-67, San Francisco, Cal., 67-70, Cleveland, 
O., 70-4, Oakland, Cal., 74-9, Prof, of Pract. Theology and Apologetics 
in San Francisco Theolog. Sem., 77-9, Prof, of Pract. Theol. and 



THE MINISTRY 325 

Church Pol'ty in Lane Theol. Sem., Cincinnati, O., 79-1886, d. March 
9. D.D. by U.N.Y. 1861. LL.D. by Marietta Univ., 1881. Moderator 
of Gen. Assembly, 1877. 
Dr. Eells was a hard working man, eminent both as a preacher and a 

teacher. 

He was also an excellent man of afYairs who knew how to approach men 

of the world and was trusted by them. 

PuBLiCATioxs : "Memorial of Samuel Eells, 1872. "Sermons." Ser- 
mon on the Death of Pros. Lincoln, in "Voices of the Pulpit," 1865. 

Eggleton, Ambrose. Fallsburg, 1836-37; Breakabin, 1843-45. 

Eggleston, G. H. Rec'd from Pres. 1904. Ordained by CI. Bergen. Green- 
ville, 1904-07. (Green Ave. Pres. Ch., Brooklyn, 1907-14. d. July 31). 
Min. Gen. Syn., 191 5, 603. 

Ehle, see Oehl. 

Eliason, Harry Allen, b. Baltimore, Md., Oct. 15, 1880. Public Schools. 
Maryland School for Boys. Evangelist, 1905-11. Private theological 
study. 1. by CI. Montgomery 1914. Sprakers, N. Y., S.S. 1912-14 — Pas- 
tor, 1914-17; Currytown, N. Y., S.S. 1912-14 — Pastor, 1914-17; Gut- 
tenberg, 191 7 — ■ — 

Elliker, Solomon. Ebenezer, Oregon, 111., 1887-96, w. c. 96-98. 

Elliott, John H., b. Ontario, Can., Mar. 4, 1853; Brampton Academy; 

special course in Cong. Sem., Chicago (ord. by Cong. Council, Chicago, 

May 19, 1894; laboring as an Evangelist, 94-6, Rochester, Central 

Presb., 96-8) ; N. Y. C, 34th st., 1898-1904. Presbyterian 1904. 

Publications: "Notes and Suggestions for Bible Reading," 1889. "The 

Worker's Weapon," 1894. "Personal Worker's Helper," etc. 

Ellis, Arthur M. Rec'd from Pres. 1912. Greenbush, N. Y., 1912-15: Kind- 
erhook, N. Y., 1915-16; Congregational, 1916 

Ellsworth, John S., b. Windham, Pa.; Lafayette Coll.; U.S. 83, lie. by 
Cong, (in Cong. chs. : Le Rayville, Pa.; Newark Valley, N. Y. ; Presb., 
Amenia and Millerton, N. Y.) ; Clifton, N. J., 1900-1905. Suspended 
1907. 

Elmendorf, Anthony, b. in Ulster Co., N. Y., 1813; R.C. 36, N.B.S. 39, 1- 
CI. N.B.; Hurley, 40-43, Hyde Park, 43-8,. East Brooklyn (Bedford), 
48-51, North Brooklyn, 51-66, d. D.D. by R.C. i860. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Publications: "The Excess of Future Glory Over Present Suffering," 

"National Preacher," 1854. Valedictory Sermon, preached in the North 

R.D.C., Brooklyn, 1865. Article in "Sprague's Annals" on Rev. H. G. 

Livingston. 

Elmendorf, Joachim, b. at Rochester, Ulster Co., N. Y.. Mar. 26, 1827 ; 
R.C. 50, N.B.S. 53, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie ; Ithaca. 53-5, Saugerties, 55-62, 
Syracuse, 62-5, Albany, 2d, 65-72, Poughkeepsie, 2d, 1872-86, Harlem 
Collegiate, N. Y. C, 1886-1908, d. July 19. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1872. Pres. 
Bd. of Education, 1901-08. Trustee R.C, 1869-1908. Trustee Vassar 
C, 1880-1908. D.D. by U.C. 1865. 
Dr. Elmendorf was a man of intellectual and spiritual power. His influ- 
ence increased with his years and he became eminently useful, widely known 

and respected in the Reformed Church. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1909, 526. 
Publications : He was the author of many memorial discourses and other 

addresses. He also wrote much for the papers. See Manual, 1902. 

Elmendorf, Peter, b. New Brunswick, N. J., 1826. R.C. 1845, N.B.S.; 1848- 
51. d. April 2. 

Elterich, Wm. L. Bayonne, 3d (Ger.), 1875-80 (Presbyt., Allegheny, Pa., 
1880^) 

Eltinge, Cor. C, b. near Kingston, 1793 (brother of Wilhclmus Eltinge) ; 
Q.C. 1812. N.B.S. 16, 1. CI. N.B.; Pleasant Plains, Dutchess Co.. N. Y., 
16, Minisink and Mahackemack, 17-37. Mahackemack (Deerpark), 37- 
43. d. Oct. 



326 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

He was a very faithful pastor over widely scattered fields and a man of 
power in prayer. See Manual, 1902. 

Eltinge, C. Du Bois (son of C. C. Eltinge) ; R.C. 1844, N.B.S. 48, I. CI. 
Orange; Miss, to Montgomery, 48-1850, Fallsburgh, 51-2, Raritan, 111., 
56-61, w. c. His name was dropped from the roll of Classis for non- 
attendance and other reasons, d. March 29, 1885. 
Eltinge, Wilhelmus, b. near Kingston, 1778; C.N.J. 1796; studied under 
Dirck Romeyn, lie. 1798; Paramus and Saddle River, 1799-1811, Para- 
mus, 181 1-16, Paramus and Totowa, ist, 1816-33, Paramus, 1833-50, d. 
1851. Elected a trustee of Queen's Coll. 1807. D.D. by R.C. 1839. 
He was a strong opponent of the seceders. See Manual, 1902. 
Publications: "Letter of Religious Intelligence from Paramus, N. J." 
(N. Y. "Miss. Magazine," vol. 3, p. 76. See also "Manual and Record of 
Paramus," p. 50.) "A Peacemaker; or, an Essay on the Atonement of 
Jesus Christ," 1823. "A Sermon on the Inability of Man to Believe in 
Jesus Christ Except the Father Draw Him," 1823. (Published anony- 
mously.) A Review and Refutation of "Short Notices and Reviews," con- 
tained in the "Monthly Evangelical Witness" of August, 1823, and January, 
1824. (This magazine was edited by James R. Wilson, of Newburgh.) 
By a Dutchman Good and True of 1824. 

Emerick, Irving Porter, b. April 14, i860. Susquehanna Univ. Theo. Dept. 
Susqu. Univ. 1886. 1. by Evangelical Lutheran Synod of N. Y. and 
N. J. 1885. Livingston Memorial, 1887-9; Sokan, 1889-90. (Pres. Conk- 
lin, 1890-1903; Bridgeton, Irving Ave., 1903-07; Sparta, 1907-08; 
Bellport, L. I., 1909; Sterling, 1910-12; Mt. Airy, 2d, Amwell, 1912- 

18). Hicksville, L. I., 1918-20; Port Jervis, West End, 1920 

Publications : Articles for the press. 
Dr. Emmons, S.S. Cicero, N. Y., 1897-8. 

Enders, Jacob Henry, b. Fort Hunter, N. Y., Nov. 19, 1834; U.C. 58, P.S. 
61; ord. as an Evangelist by Presbyt. of Albany, Oct. i, 62; S.S. at 
Kingsboro. N. Y., 62; Chaplain, U.S.A., 62-5; Lysander, 66-9, Chit- 
tenango, 69-80; in Europe, 78-9; assoc. pastor, Albany City Mission, 
81-4, Synodical Miss. Sup. of Partic. Synod of Albany, 90-9; died 
Oct. 6, 1901. See Manual 1902, and Min. Gen. Syn. 1902, 200. 
Englesman, John, b. at Uithvizermeeden, Groningen, Neths., Mar. 6, 
1864; H.C. 94, W.S. 98, 1. CI. Wis.; Randolph Centre, Wis., 1898- 
1905; Rock Valley, la., 1905-08; Orange City, ist la., 1908—; Prairie 
View, Kan., S.S., 1909. Sec. Bd. of Trustees, Northwestern Classical 
Acd. 
Publications : Contributions to the press. 
Ennis, Howard Wilber, b. Brooklyn, N. Y., July 6, 1868; R.C. 90, U.T.S. 
90-2; ord. by N. CI. L. I., Nov. 10, 1892; Newtown, 92-4 (Washington, 
West. Presby. 94-7); Williamsburg, L. I.. 1898-1902; dis. 1905. 
Ennis, Jacob, b. in Essex Co., N. J., 1808; R.C. 31, N.B.S. 35, 1. CI. Ber- 
gen, Java 1836-40, also preaching on Island Balee 1838. In 1837 he 
made an exploration into the interior of Sumatra, barely escaping with 
his life. 
He returned to America in 1840 and was deposed. 

He became a teacher of physical science, in which he attained great suc- 
cess. Died Houston, Tex., Jan. 12, 1890. 

_ His journal, while in the East Indies, was published in "Christian Intel- 
ligencer" in 1839. The "Mints, of Classis of Bergen" contain the account 
of his deposition in 1840. See confirmation of the same in "Mints. Gen. 
Syn.," 1841. "Biog. Notices of Grads., R.C," 1890, 9. 

He contributed many articles to scientific journals and published several 
important works on such subjects. See Manual, 1902. 
Enos, Edgar Ai. b. 1846, Ham. Coll. 74, U.S. 78, lie. CI. Monmouth; As 
bury Park 78-9, became Episcopalian. For details see "U. Sem. Cat." 
Enyard, Wm. Tillotson, b. N. Y. C, 1836; R.C. 55, N.B.S. 58, 1. CI. Ber- 



THE MINISTRY 327 

gen, Mott Haven 58-65, Brooklyn, North 65-73, Brighton Heights 
73-9. Died Ap. 26, 1880. 
Erhardt, Fred. C, b. N. Y. C, Ap. 17, i860; Bloomfield, N. J. 79, Theolog. 
School, Bloomfield, N. J., 82, lie. by Presb. of Brooklyn (Ger. Presb. 
Ch. Manchester, N. H., 82-5), Ger. Ch. Norfolk St., N. Y. C., 85-94. 

Brooklyn, New (Herkimer St.), 1894 

Erickzon, Reinhardt, b. in Groningen, Neths., about 1695-1700; matricu- 
lated at Groningen Univ. Aug. 28, 1714, for the study of Literature; 
ord. by CI. of Amsterdam Sept. 4, 1725, for the churches of New Bar- 
badoes (Hackensack), Schraalenburg and Paramus. Pastor of Hack- 
ensack, Paramus and Schraalenburgh 1725-8, Schenectady 1728-36, 
Schoharie, also, 1730-1, supplied Claverack, 1731-2, Freehold and Mid- 
dletown (Neversink), 1736-64; d. 1771. 
His name is apparently Swedish. In Schenectady he had many acces- 
sions to the church. On June 18, 1734, he and his Consistory petitioned for 
a charter for the church of Schenectady. He was the first President of the 
Ccetus, and maintained his relations to them almost down to his death. 
He was of considerable intellectual ability, highly esteemed by his minis- 
terial associates, and influential in the counsels of the church. Toward the 
close of his pastorate in Monmouth County, he became a victim to the 
drinking customs of the day. Charges were made against him, his salary 
was withheld, and he was excluded from his pulpit. He continued to live 
in the parsonage for six years, until a successor was called, when he re- 
moved to New Brunswick and lived with a daughter, Mrs. Van Norden. 
He died soon after. A portrait of him was in possession of Rev. G. C. 
Schanck. 

Ecc. Rec. N. Y., many letters or allusions; "Minutes of Coetus" and 
"Brick Church Memorial" (Marlboro'), by Rev. T. W. Wells, 1877, which 
contains the fullest account of him yet published. 

Erler, John, b. Breslau, Germany, Jan. 22, 1877 ; N.B.S. 1902, 1. by 
CI. Bergen, Highland, N. J., 1902-03, Cicero, N. Y., 1903-04, Easton, 
N. Y., 1905-07, Pottersville, N. J., 1907-10, (Evangelical Lutheran Ch. 
of St. Stephen, Hicksville, L. L, 1910 — , Altoona, Pa.), Ph.D. Central 
Univ. 191 1. 
Evans, Chas. A. Mooresville and Roxbury 1849-50, Mooresville 50-3, Clove 

53-6, South Bend 56-7, Jefferson 1857-8, w. c. 
Evans, C. P., SS. Wynantskill, 1881-3, SS. Thousand Islands 1889-90. 
Evans, E., Jamesville, N. Y., 1836. 
Evans. Wm., Miss, to Cobleskill, Breakabin and Livingstonville 1826 — , 

Cicero 1836-8, Owasco 1839-46, w. c. 1846-8. 
Eyermann, J. J., Schoharie 1799, ("A Vagabond"). 

Faber, John Peter, b. Mannheim, Germany, June 19, 1878. Bloomfield Sem. 
N.B.S. 1899. Stuyvesant Falls, 1899-1901; S.S. Auriesville, 1902; 
S.S. Blooming Grove. 1903-04. Became Physician 1905. 
Fagg, John Gerardus, b. Bethlehem, Wis., Feb. 21, i860; H.C. 81; N.B.S. 
85; 1. CI. Wisconsin; Lawyersville and Cobleskill, 85-87, Miss, at 
Amoy, China, 88-94, New Paltz, 94-95, Middle Collegiate Ch., N. Y. C, 
1895-1917, d. May 3. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1914. Pres. Bd. Foreign Mis- 
sions 1910, and of Arabian Missions. D.D. Univ. N.Y., 1902. 
Dr. Fagg had a spiritual passion which thrilled his hearers, and his influ- 
ence was beautifully and decidedly Christian over all those who came near 
him. In all that he undertook to do his work was unexcelled. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1917, 258. 

Publications: "Forty Years in South China; or. Life of Rev. John 
Van Neste Talmage," 1894. "Life of St. Paul," 1891. ".^Esop's Fables," 
1891. 

Fairchild, E. S., A. C. and C.N.J. 1856; A.S. 1859 (Morrisania, Cong., 60-1, 
Oyster Bay, Presbvt., 62-5), Flushing, 66-71, College Point, 71-8, editor 
of "The Flushing times," 78-9, New York City, 6th Ave., 80-1886. 



328 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Farmer, S. F., Franklin Col., O., 1850, Cannonsburg Sem., Pa., 54 (United 
Presbyt., Williamsburgh, 56-61, N. Y. C, Presbyt., 28th St., 61-8) ; 
Brooklyn, East, 68-1870; Presbyterian. 

Farr, Jas. McC, b. N. Y. C, 1869, C. N. J. 90; P.S. 91 ; assist, pastor, 48th 
St., N. Y. C, 1896. 

Farrar, Jas. McNall, b. Candor, Pa., June 16, 1853; Westminster Coll. 
75; P.S. 78; ord. U.P. Presbyt. of Wheeling, W. Va., Dec. 10, 78 (Har- 
risville, O., 78-84, Philadelphia, 4th, Pa., 84-90, both, Presbyt.) ; Brook- 
lyn, 1st, 1890-1917. P.Em. 1917-1921. Mahwah, N. J., 1920-21, d. Jvine 
22, 1921. 
Dr. Farrar was pastor of a very important church for many years with 

eminent success. His reputation as a pastor of children became national. 

He also was a leader in denominational activity. Pres. of Gen. Synod 1905. 

D.D. by W.C.T. 1891. Member B.D.M. 1900-21; Pres. 1911-21. LL.D. 
Publications: "Little Talks to Little People," "Chats With Children of 

the Church," "A Junior Congregation." 

Faulkner, Wm. E., Wyckoff, 88-91. 

Febrile, Domenico N., b. Caserta, Italy, Jan. 3, 1886. Technical Institute, 
Bloomfield Sem. 1912. Laboring in Italian Mission, Newark, 1910-19. 
1. by CI. Newark, 1919. Mt. Olivet Italian Mission, Newark, N. J., 

1919 

Publications: Editor of "The True Friend," a publication in interest of 

Italians, 1912 

Fehrman, Jacob, b. Jan. 29, 1838, in N. Y. C. ; N.B.S. 62, lie. N. CI. L.I.; 
colleague with Dr. J. B. Hardenbergh in Gouverneur St. Mission for a 
few months; Richmond, S. I., 62-6, Fordham, 66-9 (East Lake George, 
Union Evang. Ch., 70-2), High Bridge, 1872-4; d. Mar. i. See "Man- 
ual" of 1879. 

Fellstrum, A. A. (Fellstrom). Rec'd from Pres. 1910. S.S. Harlem Col- 
legiate, N. Y. C, 1909-12. (Elmendorf Chapel). 

Feltch. Jos. H., 1867. 

Fenn, Francis Richard, b. Toronto, Can., Dec. 17, 1877. Hillsdale Col., 
Mich., 1904. Hillsdale Sem., Mich. 1. by State Ass. of Free Will Bap- 
tists, 1901. (Chaplain, Asheville Sch. for Boys, 1913-14; South Bapt. 
Ch., S.I., N.Y., 1915; Instructor Rahway Reformatory, 1916-18) ; New- 
ark, Trinity, 1918 . 

Fenner, Jas., 1864-7. 

Ferris, Isaac, b. in N. Y. C, Oct. 9, 1798; C.C. 1816, N.B.S. 1820, 1. CI. 
N.B. ; Miss, at Manheim, Oppenheim, Danube, Osquak and Herkimer, 
Sept. -Dec. 20; New Brunswick, 21-4, Albany, 2d, 24-36, Market St., 
N. Y. C, 36-53; Chancellor of N. Y. University, and Prof. Moral Phil, 
and Evid. Rev. Religion, 52-70, Chancellor, Emeritus, 1870-3; d. Tune 
16. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1822. D.D. by U.C. 1833. LL.D. by C.C. 
1853. 
Dr. Ferris obtained an education only by dint of the most earnest effort. 

But his success speedily received its reward. He was an able preacher and 

faithful pastor, but the chief labor of his life was devoted to N. Y. Univer- 
sity. His service there was crowned by eminent success in all departments 

of the University. 

Dr. Ferris was a man of majestic presence and pleasing address. His 

piety was deep and earnest. His labors in behalf of the Denomination which 

he loved were neither few nor small. 

See Manual, 1902, also for list of his publications, see Manual, 1902. 

Ferris, John Mason (son of Isaac Ferris), b. Albany, N. Y., Jan. 17, 1825; 
N.Y.U. 43, N.B.S. 49, 1. CI. N.B.; Tarrytown, 49-51, Tarrytown, 2d, 
51-4, Chicago, 2d, 54-62, Grand Rapids, ist, 62-5, Prof, in Holland 
Academy, 64-5, Sec. Bd. For. Missions, 65-83, Editor of "Christian 
Intelligencer," 1883-1911, d. Jan. 30. D.D. by R.C. 1867. 



THE MINISTRY 329 

See Moerdyk's "Hist, of Church of Grand Rapids," page 11 ; also "200th 

Anniv. of Ch. of Tarrytown," 149. 

Dr. Ferris served the Bd. of Foreign Missions in trying times and with 

marked success. Later he acted as treasurer of the Board. His service 

to the "Christian IiitelHgencer" was very great and without him the 

paper could not so well have served its purpose. He was a man of keen 

intellect and great energy. See Min. Gen. Syn., 191 1, 258. 

PuBLUWTioNS : Numerous articles in "Chicago Press" and "Chicago 

Tribune" and in "Grand Rapids Eagle," 1854-64. "Reports of Board of 

Foreign Missions," 1865-83. "Hist. Foreign Missions" in "Manual R.C.A.," 

1869, 1879. "Address at 200th Anniv. of Ch. of Tarrytown," 1897. 

Ferris, Percy R., b. Oct. 5. 1872, Chatham, N. J., N. Y. Univ., ord. by East 
N. J. Bapt. Ass. 1901, (ist Baptist Perth Amboy, N. J., 1900-04, 
Amenia Baptist Ch. 1904-08, West Side Baptist Ch. Alt. Vernon, 
N. Y., 1908-13, supplying churches) Greenport, N. Y., 1921 

Ferris, Wm.. b. 1818; lie. by CI. L. I. 1869, East Williamsburg 73-81. 
Died July 18, 1883. 

Ferry, W^m. M., U.C. 1820, N.B.S. 1820-21. d. 1866. 

Ferwerda, Floris, b. Neth., Jan. 29, 1871, H.C. 1897; N.B.S. 1900; lie. by 
N.B. Palisades 1900-1905, Hillsborough (Millstone) 1905-12, Presby- 
terian 1912 

Ficken, Herman C, b. Brooklyn, N. Y., Aug. 28, 1873, Bloomfield Academy 
Dept. ; N.B.S. 1898; 1. S. CI. L. I.; Schagticoke. 1898-1902; Lawyers- 
ville, 1902-07; Hvde Park, N. Y., 1907-17; St. Johnsville, N. Y., 
igig: 

Ficken, John, b. Mulmshom. Germany, Nov. 27, 1820. 

For many years a teacher and church organist, also active as an elder 

in the church. Ordained by N.C. of L. I. 1891, City Missiorary 1891-3. 

Canarsie, 1893-1900. d. Feb. 13, 1907. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1907, 912. 

Fiecke, Julius, Jersey City ist German 1893-5. 

Field. Jacob Ten Eyck, b. at Lamington, N. J., 1787 ; C.N.J. 18—, studied 
theology under Dr. Woodhull, of Monmouth (Miss, at and near 
Stroudsburg, Pa., 1807-10; ord. Nov. 28,' 1810; Presbyt. Ch. Flem- 
inglon, N. J., 1810-1813, Pompton Plains, 13-15. Pompton, 15-27, 
Totowa, 2d, 28-32 ; Presbyt. Died 1866. 
Publication : Farewell Sermon at Pompton, Ap. 3, 1827 ; Text Mic. 

6:3. 

Finch, Horace W., N.Y.U. 1846; Greenport 1857-60, w. c. 1860-4. 

Fincher, E. B.. Mescalero, N. M., 1909-11. 

Fingar, Claudius James, b. Germantown, N. Y., Feb. 19, 1880. L.F.C. 1907. 
N.B.S. 1910. 1. by CI. Hudson. Blawenburg, 1910-15; Lebanon, N. J., 
1915-20; Little Falls, N. J., ist, 1920 

Fischer, Joseph William, b. May 9, 1888, N. Y. C. Bloomfield Col. 1912. 
Bloomfield Sem., 1912. 1. by Pres. Newark 1912. Valley Stream, N. Y., 
I9n-i5; Schodack, N. Y., 1915-19; Greenburgh, N. Y., 1919 

Fisher, Geo. H., b. 1800; C.C, 1821, N.B.S. 25; 1. CI. N.B.; North Branch. 
25-3^. Fishkill, 30-5, Hudson, 36-41; also S.S. at Mt. Pleasant, 38-41, 
Broome St., N. Y., 41-55, Utica, 55-9, Hackensack, 2d, 64-70, emeritus, 
d. Nov. 23, 1872. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1849. Trustee Columbia, 1851-55. 
D.D. R.C., 1845. Sec Manual, 1902. 
He stood among the foremost ministers of his day in scholarsliip and 

preaching ability. 

PriM.icATiox : "Divine Providence Proved and Illustrated." "Nat. 

Preacher," 1848. 

Fisher. Isaac M., C.C. 1817; N.B.S. 1820; 1. by CI. N.B.; Bedminster, 
21-38,- Newburgh, 3S-9 ; d. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1835. 

Fisher, Jas. Pinkerton, b. Londonderry, N.H., 1813, U.C. 39; U.S. 41; S.S. 
Glcn, N. Y., 1845-6. Died 1865. For further details, see "U.S. Cat." 



330 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Fisher, Orville Earl, b. Pekin, 111., Sept. 7, 1874. R.C. 1902. N.B.S. 1905. 
1. by CI. N.B. Hyde Park, East Orange, 1905-07; New Utrecht, N. Y., 
Ass., 1907-10, Pastor, 1910-18; Chaplain U.S.A., 1918^ — •. Rank of 
Captain. Pres. P.S. N.Y. 1917. Member Bd. of Education R.C. A. 

Fitzgerald, Thos., Minisink, 1879-81. 

Fletcher, O. M. Gravesend, Brooklyn, 1918 

Fletcher, Orville Theodore, b. Mt. Pleasant, Pa., Jan. 12, 1869; Ham. 
C. 92; lie. by Meth. Epis. Ch. 93; U.S. 95; lie. by Presbyt. 95 (Wee- 
hawken, Presb. 94-6); Altamont, N. Y., 1896-1904; Presbyterian, 
1904 

Flikkema, Bernard M., b. Dec. 2, 1877, Fulton, 111. H.C. and Oberlin C. 
1909. W.T.S. 1912. 1. by CI. Wis. 1912. Sheboygan Falls, Wis., 1912- 
17; Classical Missionary, CI. of Pella, 1917-21 ; Greenleafton, Wis., 
1921 

Flikkema, Garret, b. Fulton, 111., Dec. 21, 1868, Univ. of Nebraska, 95, 
N.B.S. 98; 1. CI. Wisconsin; Palmyra and Ontario, 98-9, Palmyra, 
99-1902, Muscatine, 1902-05. Abbe Clymer, 1905-12; Palmyra, N. Y., 
1912-18; Prairie City, la., 1918 

Flipse. Martin, b. Cedar Grove, Wis., July 12, 1866. H.C. 1890; N.B.S. 
93; Albany (Hoi.), 93-6, Passaic (Hoi.), 1896-1909, Chicago, Rose- 
land, 1st, 1909-14. Holland, 3d, 1914-20, Seattle, Wash., Immanuel, 

1920 

Flipse, Martin Eugene, b. Albany, N. Y., April 22, 1895. H.C. 1916. N.B.S. 
1920. 1. by CI. Passaic. Montville, N. J., 1920-21, Douglaston, L. I., 

1921 

Florence, E. W., Owascb Outlet, 1899-1901, Currytown, 1902-1904. S.S. 
Mapletown, 1903, Philmont, 1904-06. Dismissed to Presbyterian Church 
of Canada, 1906. 
Foering, Christian Frederick, b. 1736, in Germany; studied under Weyberg; 
lie. and ord. by the Ger. Coetus in the spring of 1769 ( Germantown, Pa., 
1769-72, call dated Sept., 1771) ; Ger. Ref. N. Y. C, 1772-4, Hills- 
borough (Millstone), 1774-9; d. March 29. Trustee of Q.C. 1771-9. 
In his generation an eminently useful minister. He was able to preach 
in German, Dutch and English. He was an active patriot during the Revo- 
lution. 

See Manual, 1902. See "Millstone Centennial," 1866, p. 47-55; "Helf- 
fenstein's Ser. at Germantown, Pa.," 1867, and "Harbaugh's Life of Schlat- 
ter," 246. 

Foertner, Fred. E., b. Hurley, N. Y., Feb. 7, 1878. R.C. 1902. N.B.S. 
1905. 1. by CI. Kingston. Rochester (Accord, N Y.), 1905-10; Pomp- 
ton Plains, N. J., 1910 

Folensbee, Bradley Jacob, b. Schoharie, N. Y., May 11, 1889. R.C. 1915. 
N.B.S. 1918. 1. by CI. Schoharie. St. Thomas, W. I., 1918 ; Act- 
ing Chaplain U.S. Marines and Sailors, St. Thomas, 1918 

Folmsbee, Garret Jacob, b. South Schodack, N. Y., Nov. i, 1865. R.C. 1890; 

N.B.S. 93; l-.Cl Prospect Hill, N. Y. C, 1893-6. Became a 

Roman Catholic. Dropped 1905. 
Fonda, Jacob D., b. 1793, at Watervliet; U.C. 1815; N.B.S. 19; 1. CI. N.B.; 
Easton and Union Village, 20-30, Union Village, 30-5, Caughnawaga, 
35-42, Linlithgo and Greenport, 42-7, Schaghticoke, 47-56; d. See 
"Manual" of 1879. 
Fonda, Jesse, b. at Watervliet, April 27, 1786; U.C. 1806, lie. North Con- 
sociation, Hartford Co., Ct., 1808; Nassau and Schodack, 1809-13, New 
Brunswick, 13-17, Montgomery, 17-27; d. May 2. Elected a trustee 
of Queen's Col., 1814. See "Manual" of 1879. See also "Mag. R.D.C.," 
i, 103, ii, 96, 225-234. 
Publications: "Letter of." ("Mag. R.D.C.," ii, 231-234.) "On Bap- 
tism," i2mo. "Confidence in God in a Day of Trouble; a Valedictory Dis- 
course at New Brunswick," 1817. "Familiar Letters on the Sacraments," 
1824. 



THE MINISTRY 331 

Fonda, Jesse D. U.C. 1850. N.B.S. 1851-4. Lawyer, d. 1885. 

Forbes, Jas. Campbell, b. Glasgow, Scotland, Feb. 19, 1869; Glasgow Univ. 
94, N.B.S. 97, 1. CI. Westchester, Gansevoort 97-9, Port Jervis, 2d, 
19CO-1906, Middletown, N. J., 1906-10, Hawthorne, N. Y., 1910-18, 
Teaching 1918 

Forbush, Wm. B., Ass. Madison Ave., N. Y. C. 1904-06, dis. to Congre- 
gational Church 1906. 

Force, Frank A., b. Woolcot, N. Y., Sept. 24, 1850; H.C. 76, N.B.S. 80, 
1. CI. Michigan, Woodstock 80-2, Manito and Spring Lake 82-6 (El- 
mira and Fife Lake, Mich., 86-91), Gallupville, 91-5, Owasco Outlet, 
95-8, Courtlandtown, 1 890-1 903 ; Bloomingdale and St. Remy 1904-09; 
Galaltin, N. Y., 1910-17. D. Nov. 17, 1920. See Min. Gen. Syn. 1921, 
634. 

Force, Jas. G., b. 1767; C.N.J. 1794; SS. at Walpeck, 1808-11 ; Reed, from 
Presbyt. of Jersey, 181 1; Walpeck and Hardwick, 11-16; Walpeck, 
16-27 (also supplied at times Smithheld, N. J., Presbyt.) ; d. 1851. 
See "Manual," 1879; also "Mills Hist. Dies.," 1874. 

Ford, Herbert, b. Norwich, Eng., Feb. 9, i860; U.S. 90; SS. East WiU- 
iamsburgh, 1890-1. For details, see "U.S. Cat." 

Ford, Wm. H., b. Lebanon, N. Y.. 1848; U.S., 1873; Northumberland and 
Fort Miller, 75-7, Northumberland, 77-80 (Presbyt.; New Soctland, 
N. Y., 80-2, Matawan, N. J., 82-3); Brooklyn, Middle, 83-7; Bush- 
wick, 87-91 (Presbyterian). 

Forsyth, Jas. C, Farmer Village, 1870-5; Montgomery Presby., 1875-98; 
d. 

Forsyth, John, b. 1811, at Newburgh, N. Y. ; R.C., 29; University of Edin- 
burgh; studied theology under Dr. Chalmers; Philadelphia. 2d, Assoc. 
Ref. Ch. 35-7, Newburgh, Union Ch. 37-47; also Assoc. Prof. Bib. Lit. 
in Theolog. Sem. Assoc. Ref. Ch., Newburgh, 37-47; Prof, of Latin in 
C.N.J., 47-53; Prof. Bib. Lit. and Ecc. Hist, Newburgh, 53-60; Prof. 
Eng. Lang, and Lit. in Rutgers Coll., 60-3; Prof. Moral Philosophy 
and Chaplain at West Point. 71-81 ; placed on the retired list of the 
Army. Died 1886, Oct. 17, D.D. by R.C. 1842. See Manual, 1902, for 
Sketch and list of his numerous publications. 

Fort, Ab., b. at Schaghticoke, 1790; U.C. 1810, studied under Froeligh, and 
N.B.S. 1821, 1. CI. N.B. 1821 ; Westerlo, 1822-30. Westerlo, Union, 
Salem and Coeymans, 1830-1, Salem and Union, 1831-6, Esopus, 1836- 
53. w. c. 1853-60, d. Had charge also of Wiltwyck Chapel, 1854-60. 
See "Manual" of 1879. 

Fortuin, Foppe, b. Heeg, Neths*., Sept. 10, 1853; Zetten College, Neths. TZ, 
Utrecht Univ. 78; lie. by Hervormde Kerk, July 21, 78; Gerefor- 
meerde Kerken, Jan. 29, 87, in. the Neths. ; Christian Refd. Ch. in 
America, Mar. i, 98; in Ref. Ch. in A., Feb. 27, 1901. Pastor, Brunisse, 
Heeg, 78-81, Barendrecht, Hilversum, 84-91 ; (Kalamazoo, Mich., Ch. 
Refd. 98-1901). Middleburg, la. (Ch. of Free Grace), 1901-1903. 
Publications : "Sermons in Dutch." "Het Ontstaan, de Erkenning en 

het Gezag der Drie Formulieren van Eenigheid." 

Foster, John W., b. Glossop, England, 1867, N.B.S. 1897; Ponds (Oak- 
land, N. J.), 1897-1900, Schodack Landing, N. Y., 1900-02. Became 
Episcopalian ; A.B. Providence Univ., Ohio, 1904, D.D. Providence 
Univ., Ohio. 1905. 

Fowler, Wm. Coutant, b. Newburgh, N. Y., 1839, U.S. 70, (Methodist) ; 
ord. CI. Rensselaer 74, Stuvvesant Falls 74-80. For other details, see 
"U. S. Cat." 

Fox, Valentine Radiger, c. from Germany, Germantown, N. Y., 1802-24, 
retr. ,to Germany. 

Francis, Lewis, b. at Royalton, Vt., Sept. 14, 1836; Univ. Vt. 1856, A.S. 
60, lie. Suffolk South Assoc. Mass. Mar. 6, 60; ord. by Cong. Council, 
Feb. 18, 63; (Colchester, Vt., 60-4, Castleton, Vt., 64-72, both Cong.) ; 



332 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Greenpoint, 1873-1904; P.Em., 1904-1921 ; d. Nov. 2. D.D. by R.C., 189S. 
He did a great work in the Greenpoint Church and was a valiant worker 
for the Master. 

Publications : "Centennial Add. of Cong. Ch., Castleton, Vt." "Hist. 
Sermon at Greenpoint, N. Y." 

Francisco, WelHngton P., b. Caldwell, N. J., June i, 1875. R.C. 1899. 
N.B.S. 1902. Accord, 1902-04 (West Orange, Presbyterian Chape!,. 

1905-09; Richfield Springs., Pres. ist, 1909 

Franzen, Herbert L. Norfolk St., N. Y. C, 1894-5. Bayonne, 3d, 1898-1903. 
(Congregational, Little Falls, 1903-11); Bayonne, 3d, 1911-21 ; Trav- 
eling in Europe, 1921 

Frazee, J. Hatfield, b. New Brunswick, N. J., Feb. 28, 1829. R.C. (1848). 
Lawyer. N.B.S. (i860), Miss, to Zion, Pisgah, and Good Hope, Miss. 
60-1, (Toms River, N. J., Presbyt. 61-6, also Chap. 3d N. J. Cavalry, 
one year), Bloomingburgh and S.S. Mamakating, 66-9, (Presbyterian), 
d. Sept. 29, 1917. D.D. Univ. Tennessee, 1890. 
Frazer, Alexander Dyce Davidson, b. Aberdeen, Scotland, Ap. 26, i86c; 
U.S. 94, ord. CI. Westchester; S.S. Belmont, 94-s, Amoy, China, 

1895 

Frazer, Thomas, b. in Scotland, 1791, and ordained there, S.S. at Helder- 
bergh, 1834-5, pastor 35-38, Sharon, 38-40, Currytown and Mapletown, 
40-43. Died in Montreal, 18S4. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Freeh, Henry, Jamaica, 2d (Ger.), 1881-5, Point Rock, W^est Levden, 85- 

1887. 

Frederick, R. M.E. Church. S.S. Highwood, N. J., 1913-15. 

Freeman, Bernardus, b. in Westphalia, 1662; lie. and ord. by CI. Lingen, 

in Westphalia, for service at Albany; c. to America, 1700; rejected by 

the church of Albany; Schenectady, and Miss, to the Mohawks, 1700-5, 

New Utrecht, Bushwick, Flatbush, and Brooklyn (under Lcense from 

Lord Cornbury, Dec. 26, 1705), 1705-41; emeritus; d. 1743. 

He was a Westphalian tailor. In 1699, when New York wanted another 

minister among several candidates. Freeman also appeared, but the Classis 

did not think his education was suflicient for so responsible a field. His 

natural talents, however, were remarkable. About the same time with the 

return of Dellius to Europe, the church of Albany wrote to the Classis 

either to send him back, or to find another in his place. Albany also wrote 

to Van Schaick and Banckert to try and secure them a pastor. The Classis 

soon found a man in Lydius for the church, of Albany, but Banckert acted 

independently, and secured ordination, through personal influence, for 

Freeman, from a Classis outside the Netherlands, as above indicated, and 

shipped him to America without the knowledge of Dellius or the Classis of 

Amsterdam, and before they had got Lydius ready for his departure for 

Albany. The Classis soon learned these facts, and sent letters to the 

churches in America warning them against Freeman. But it so happened 

that Lydius, though starting later, arrived at Albany first. Freeman was 

also ihtending to get letters from England to Lord Bellomont to favor his 

cause. But Bellomont endorsed the action of the Consistory, who adhered 

to Lydius. 

Schenectady then called Freeman, and for a while he and that church 
were virtually independent of the Classis of Amsterdam. Many letters were 
written, and the Classis offered to ratify Freeman's call and office, as the 
churches sadly needed pastors, if he would place himself under their care. 
On Oct. 2"], 1701, the Consistory of Schenectady petitioned for the privilege 
of collecting money in Albany and elsewhere to build a church. In the 
meantime Freeman was very useful among the Indians. On Aug. 21, 170G, 
he was appointed minister to the Five Nations, near Albany, by Governor 
Bellomont, at a salary of i6o. During the first year he received of this 
only i\o. In 1701 this salary was raised to £75. In 1703 it is reported to 



THE MINISTRY 333 

have been paid irregularly. He acquired more skill in the language of the 
Mohawk Indians than any Dutch minister that had been in the countrj-, not 
even excepting Dellius. He translated a great part of the English Liturgy 
into the Indian tongue, in particular the morning and evening prayer, the 
litany, the creed of Athanasius, besides several places of the Old and New 
Testaments. He represented tliat the litany mightily affected them, says 
Rev. Thos. Barclay, of the luiglish Church. He adds ; "He is a gentleman 
of a good temper, and well affected to our church; and, if there were a 
bishop in this part of the world, would be persuaded to take Episcopal 
ordination. I often entreat him to go over to England; but he is afraid of 
the danger of the voyage, and his wife will not consent to live among the 
Indians. He has promised to give me his manuscripts, and what he has 
done into the Indian tongue." 

In 1705 he allowed himself to be used as a tool, and accepted of a civil 
license from Governor Cornbury (Dec. 26, 1705) to officiate in the churches 
on Long Island, after he had already declined a call from them. This 
usurpation of the Governor in ecclesiastical matters was part of his set- 
tled policy to gain control over the Dutch churches, and ultimately to 
establish Episcopacy, if possible. In the meantime a party in the churches 
on Long Island had called, through the Classis, Antonides. This was the 
beginning of troubles on Long Island which lasted for very many years 
The Classis greatly feared that it would be the occasion of the complete 
loss of ecclesiastical independence by the Dutch churches. The Classis fre- 
quently refers in this correspondence to an American Classis, but says it 
must be yet far in the future. 

Antonides was obliged to get out a civil license in self-defense. 

Domine Du Bois, of New York, consented to install Freeman over the 
church of New Utrecht alone, but Freeman had a private understanding 
with factions in the other churches. At length both pastors were accepted 
by both parties after a fashion, and matters became somewhat more Chris- 
tian. 

See "Doc. Hist.," iii, 89-115, 425, 541, 698, iv, 413; "Col. Hist.," iv, ^zj, 
'^ii, 835, 1 163; "Prince's L. I.," 326-7; "Anderson's Annals of Col. Ch.," 
iii, 416, 425; "Sutphen's Disc," 15; Ecc. Rec. N. Y., many letters. 

Publications: "The English Liturgy" (in part) translated into the 
tongue of the Mohawk Indians, with selection from Scripture, 1705. (See 
"Doc. Hist. N. Y.," iii, 541, 598; "Anderson's Annals of Col. Ch.") Ten 
years later we find the following publication, viz. : "The Morning and 
Evening Prayer, the Litany, Church Catechism, Family Prayers, and sev- 
eral Chai)ters of the Old and New Testament, translated into the Mahague 
(Mohawk) Language by Lawrence Claesse, interpreter to Wm. Andrews, 
Missionary to the Indians from the Hon. and Rev. Society for the Propa- 
gation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts." Printed by W. Bradford, N. Y., 
1715. 4to. Titles (one in Mohawk), 2 pp., 115 pp., 21 pp. (Hon. Henry 
C. Murphy owned a copy of this rare work.) (See "Miiller's Amsterdam 
Catalogue," 1872, No. 368.) Nevertheless, we read ("Doc. Hist. N. Y.," 
iii, 698) that in 1763 and 1766 there was an attempt made to have a trans- 
lation of the "Book of Common Prayer" (prepared by ^lessrs. Andrews, 
Barclay, and (^gilvie, Episcopal ministers in New York and Albany) printed 
in New York, by Weyman, in the Mohawk language. But the difficulties 
were insurmountable. Weyman died a l)ankrupt when he had reached the 
seventy-fourth page. The work passed then (1771) into the hands of 
Hugh Gaine, when 400 or 500 copies, it is said, were printed. In 1839 there 
was published in New York "Ne Kaghyadonghseva ne Isaiah," or Isaiah 
in Mohawk, 8vo. Was any of this work from Freeman's MSS.? (See 
"Dix's Trinity Ch.," page 241, and note. He is hardly correct.) (See 
"Miiller's Catalogue," 1872, No. 1008.) "De Spizel der Sclf-Kennis" (or 
"The Mirror of Self-Knowledge"). "Moral Precepts." Translated from 
the Ancient Philosophers. i8mo, pp. 202; 1720. "Dc Weegschaale der 



334 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Genade Gods." "Wegende het genaden en verbroken Werknerbond, 
begrepen in de verklaringe wer," Rom. 4:8 de 12. "Geloofs artikelen, de 
10 Geboden, bet gebed des Heeren, en dertig Predicatien." "Bedienaar 
des Godlyken Woords tot Midwoud, in Nieuw Jork, eertyds Nieuw Neder- 
land t'Amsterdam," 1721. Small 4to, pp. 578. With portrait. (Or, "The 
Balances of God's Grace." Thirty Sermons.) "Verdegiging," (or "His 
Defense Against the Church of Raritan"). i8mo, pp. 126; 1726. This 
was reviewed by Classis, Dec. i, 1726. In reference to his Mohawk "Com- 
mon Prayer," the "Christian Intelligencer" has the following, July 13, 1881 : 
"The 'Common Prayer,' translated into the Mohawk language for the use 
of the Indians in the vicinity of New York, and printed at New York in 
1715, is one of the rarest books in the class of American linguistics. When 
the third edition was published in 1787 it was stated that very few copies 
had survived the War of Independence, in which the Mohawk tribes, having 
joined the Royal cause against that of the States, suffered severely, and 
were expatriated to Canada. It was, therefore, an event of some biblio- 
graphical importance when a copy turned up in a sale at Puttick & Simp- 
son's auction rooms in New York. Mr. Quaritch was the purchaser." 
Freer, Harris A., b. Kingston, N. Y., Sept. 25, i860; N.B.S. 1898, 1. by CI. 
Kingston, Buskirk, 1898-1902, East Greenbush 1902-12, North Hacken- 

sack, 1912-18, Philadelphia, ist, 1918 . S.C. Bergen CI. 1914-18, Bd. 

Supt. N.B.S. 1921. 
Frese, A. P., Germantown, N. Y., 1849-50, Blue Mountain, 72-4 (1876 to 

Presbyt. of Columbia). 
Frelinghuysen, Ferdinandus (s. of T. J. Frelinghuysen) ; Univer. Utrecht, 
1752, lie. CI. Utrecht, June 7, 1752; ord. by CI. Amsterdam, July 3, 
1752; called to Kinderhook, but died on passage over, 1753, of small- 
pox, as did also Jacobus, his brother. Ecc. Rec. N. Y. 
Frelinghuysen, Henricus (s. of T. J. Frelinghuysen) ; studied under Dor- 
sius and Goetschius ; lie. by the American Classis, 1754 ; Wawarsing, 
Rochester, and Marbletown, supplied, 1754-7, pastor, 1757, d. 
He was called to take the place of his brother Jacobus who had died 
at sea. It was long before he could secure ordination, and he died of 
small pox two weeks later. See Manual, 1902. 

Frelinghuysen, Jacobus (Eng. James), C.N.J. 1750 (s. of T. J. Freling- 
huysen), studied under Goetschius, University Utrecht, 1752; lie. by 
CI. of Utrecht, in Holland, June 7, 1752, ord. CI. Amsterdam, July 
3, 1752; sailed for America, Ap. 1753; called to Warwarsing, Roches- 
ter, and Marbletown, but died on the passage over 1753. 
Frelinghuysen, John, b. 1727, at Three-Mile Run (s. of T. J. Frelinghuy- 
sen) ; 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1749; Raritan, Sourland, Six-Mile Run, Ne- 
Shanic, and North Branch, 1750-4, d. 
He succeeded his father and was very successful but died in his early 
prime. See Manual, 1902. 

Frelinghuysen, Theodorus (s. of T. J. Frelinghuysen) ; baptized May 26, 
1723, studied under J. H. Goetschius ; lie. and ord. by CI. Amsterdam, 
1745; Albany, 1745-59, also supplied Schaghticoke. Died about 1761. 
The death of his brothers returning from Holland and his own tedious 
experience of seafaring made him a warm advocate of American eccle- 
siastical independence. But he was long hampered by his church at Al- 
bany, which opposed him in this matter. Hence he never attended the 
meetings of the Coetus, until Ritzema and others attempted to secure a 
Dutch Professorship of Divinity in Kings College. Then he broke through 
all restranit, and traversed the length and breadth of the Church in the 
midst of winter (January, 1755), and procured signers in favor of an 
American Classis, and a University for the Dutch alone, in opposition to- 
the Episcopal College. He then returned home and awaited the opening 
of the spring. In April, 1755, a committee, which had been appointed for 
the purpose, was to meeet in New York, and examine the answers of the 



THE MINISTRY 335 

churches concerning an American Classis. But in the meantime most of 
the members of this committee had become involved in the matter of a 
Dutch professorship in Kings College, and they, therefore, did nothing in 
the matter of canvassing the opinions of the churches. 

Frelinghuysen, therefore, took upon himself the responsibility of calling 
a meeting of Coetus for May 30, 1755. The friends of ecclesiastical inde- 
pendence came together, organized an American Classis, licensed Henry 
Frelinghuysen, censured certain ministers, and formally appointed Theodore 
Frelinghuysen to go to Holland and collect funds for a university, even as 
Schlatter had collected £32,000 in Holland and England for educational pur- 
poses among the Germans in Pennsylvania. He did not at once start, but 
waited more than four years. In the meantime successive meetings of the 
American Classis were held, and Hardenberg, Van Nist, Barcolo, and J. M. 
Goetschius were inducted into the ministry. Ritzema and his friends were 
deceived by the English about the professorship for the Dutch in Kings 
College, and the charter was passed without such a provision ; but a few 
months later, alarmed at the possibility of a separate Dutch institution, an 
amendment was made to the charter, upon Ritzema's personal application, 
granting such a professorship. But the original Dutch friends of the meas- 
ure were now angry at the English duplicity, and the church of New York 
censured Ritzema for securing the amendment. Ritzema and his friends 
never attended the meetings of the American Classis, but for the next eight 
years sent letters to the Classis of Amsterdam, denouncing the operations of 
the American Classis. Thus openly began the Coetus and Conferentie dif- 
ficulty, which lasted sixteen years. 

Frelinghuysen was not successful in his mission to Holland, and was 
drowned on his return voyage. His plans, however, found fulfillment when 
Queen's (Rutgers) College was chartered. See Manual, 1902. Ecc. Rec. 
N. Y., etc. 

Publications: "A Catechism," 1748. Second edition, 1752? (See 
"Minutes of Coetus, XLHI, 'Frelinghuysen's Sermons," p. 11. On account 
of the scarcity of appropriate books in America, this catechism was com- 
posed, the fundamental truth assumed in which is "that I am, and am a 
rational being." It is pervaded by a peculiar force of demonstration, but 
is not thought to be sufficiently explicit on original sin). Funeral Sermon 
of his brother Henricus, 1757. (See "Coetus, XCIX, CII, Frelinghuysen's 
Sermons," p. 10). 

Frelinghuysen, Theodore Jacobus, b. 1691, in Wolfenbuettel, East Fries- 
land; lie. 1717 (Embden, Holland, 1717-19) ; Raritan, New Bruns- 
wick, Six-AIile Run, Three-Mile Run, North Branch, 1720-47, d. Al- 
so Sourland, 1729-47, and N. and S. Hampton, Pa., occasionally. 

He was the first minister of the Reformed Church in Central New Jer- 
sey. Divine Providence committed to this remarkable man the important 
work of sowing the seed of truth and righteousness in a soil which has 
yielded, under subsequent cultivation, the most abundant harvest. Such 
was the influence that he exerted throughout the whole denomination, as 
well as in the field of his special labors, that the church is called to cherish 
his memory with warmest gratitude. 

Very little information in reference to this pioneer of the Gospel min- 
istry in this section of the church has been transmitted to us. His parents 
were of considerable reputation in their own country; and, among his 
relatives, an uncle, Henricus, is known to have been an able and successflul 
minister. Of his early life, and the circumstances of his conversion, noth- 
ing is known. His theological education was thorough, having enjoyed the 
advantages- of a full course of study, at a time when the science of theology 
and true piety in Holland were in a highly prosperous condition. That 
he was a man of considerable literary culture is evident from his call to 
assume the rectorship of an academy in the town of Embden, as well as 
from the proofs furnished in his published discourses. He entered the 



336 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

ministry at the age of twenty-six, and for about two years was the 
pastor of a church in his native country. The circumstance of his selection 
for the important mission to this country was always regarded by him as 
a special call from God. A pious elder entertained a young traveler on his 
way through the town to Embden. During the evening he was so well 
pleased with the spirituality of his conversation, and his eminent gifts, 
especially in prayer during family worship, that he immediately informed 
his pastor, who had interested himself in procuring an evangelical mission- 
ary for the new settlements on the Raritan, "I have found a man to go to 
America." Accordingly, after careful deliberation, the call was accepted, 
and he emigrated to this country. 

The field of his pastorate was extensive and wild and the people matched 
their surroundings. 

But he was a man equal to the times, and with great facility adapted 
himself to the circumstances in which he was placed. He had great energy 
of charatcer, was remarkable for his fearlessness and independence of 
spirit, and would "sooner die a thousand deaths," as he expressed it, 
"than not preach the truth." From the sermons which have been pre- 
served, we gather that he was a warm, earnest minister, dwelling princi- 
pally upon the doctrine of the new birth, and having a dreadful antipathy 
to all manner of formalism. Indeed, his preaching was so direct and per- 
sonal, and at the same time of such an evangelical character, that the peo- 
ple almost immediately raised against him a violent opposition. He was 
charged with preaching .doctrines contrary to the standards of the church, 
and introducing customs which were subversive of her system of govern- 
ment. This controversy was opened almost at the commencement of his 
ministry, and it was carried on for several years with a spirit of bitter 
persecution. Indeed, in some portions of the field, it seems to have dis-' 
turbed the peace of the church during his whole life. 

Air. Frelinghuysen met all opposition in the spirit of a true minister 
of the Gospel. In spite of occasional errors his ministry was successful. 

In order to meet the growing wants of his extensive charge, Mr. Freling- 
huysen resorted to the expedient of appointing "helpers," after the manner 
of the apostles. Men who were gifted in exhortation and prayer, and who 
had commended themselves, by their godly lives, to the people, were se- 
lected, under the sanction of the Consistory, to hold neighborhood services, 
to visit the sick, to direct the inquiring, and to be generally useful in the 
congregation. The tradition is that these men became extensively useful, 
and while the measure was a novelty in the Dutch Church, yet it tended 
greatly to the prosperity of the church. These extraordinary officers held 
their positions during life; and one of the number, Hendrick Fisher, an 
elder in the church of New Brunswick, subsequently a distinguished Revo- 
lutionary patriot, became a lay preacher and catechist, and some of his pub- 
lished discourses are still in existence. 

Mr. Frelinghuysen was accustomed to receive into his family young men 
of piety, and train them up for the Gospel ministry. How many availed 
themselves of this advantage is not known ; but among the number we find 
the names of Rev. Samuel Verbryck, Rev. John H. Goetschius, and Rev. 
Thomas Romeyn. He was an early advocate for the establishment of an 
ecclesiastical judicatory in this country, with more enlarged powers than 
had hitherto been granted by the church in Holland. As a member of the 
first convention held in New York, he was an efficient supporter of that new 
plan which was there originated, and which resulted in the independence of 
our church in America. It is said that such was his zeal and foresight, that 
the plan of a college and seminary was first suggested by him, to provide a 
well-educated ministry. 

Concerning the events that transpired during the latter part of Mr. Fre- 
linghuysen's life, few records have been preserved. It is known that he 
was frequently prostrated by sickness, the ef?ect, no doubt, of excessive 



THE MINISTRY 337 

labor; and that he enjoyed a large ingathering into the church — a most 
cheering evidence of divine favor, and a great encouragement to that noble 
minister, who had now triumphed over all opposition, and whose work was 
thus crowned with God's approl)ation. 

The date of his death is not known, although there is reason to believe 
that the event occurred about the commencement of the year 1748, when 
he had not yet reached his fifty-seventh year. Nor is the place of his 
burial definitely ascertained. The tradition is that his body rests in the old 
yard of the Six-Mile Rim Church. The aged remembered that their parents 
pointed to the spot as the resting-place of a "great man." Is it not a strik- 
ing fact that the distinguished minister who first broke ground for the 
Gospel in central New Jersey lies in an unknown grave? But if no monu- 
ment marks his grave, his memory is preserved among the greatest lights 
of our Zion. The character of his mind is sufficiently indicated by his pub- 
lished discourses; his success, by the ingatherings which he enjoyed, the 
foundations which he laid, and the seed which he planted ; and his piety, by 
the savor which yet breathes from his memory. When such eminent men 
as Gilbert Tennent, George Whitefield, and President Edw'ards speak of 
him as one of the great divines of the American Church, we freely accord 
to him the distinguished position which he occupies. 

The "Klagte," or Complaint against him, has been translated by Rev. 
M. G. Hansen, and is in the archives of Synod. See extract from letter 
of the Complainants, under date of Nov. 2, 1725. In letter of June, 1726 
("Ecc. Rec. N.Y."), there is a very full resume of it. 

Many letters in "Ecc. Rec. N. Y.". Sketch of his life by Rev. Wm. Dem- 
arest. in Introd. to "Frelinghuysen's Sermons," 1856. "Gunn's Livingstone," 
ed. 1856, p. 359. "Messler's Memorial Sermons and Hist. Notes," 1873. 
"Steele's Hist. Disc." 1867. "Corwsn's Millstone Centennial," 1866. "Ter- 
centenary Monument," 528. 

See Manual, 1902. 

PuBLic.xTioNS : Three Sermons (in Dutch). New York: 1721. Two 
Sermons (in Dutch). New York: 1729. These two lots of sermons were 
translated into English and published by Hendrick Fisher, in 173c. Ten 
Serm.ons (in Dutch). New York: 1733. Second edition, published in 
Holland, under approval, and with the commendation of the Theological 
Faculty of the University of Groningen, who called them "the noble fruit 
brought from the New World to their Doors," 1736. Tw^o Sermons (in 
Dutch) as an improvement of an earthquake felt in New Jersey, Dec. 7, 
'^IZl- Utrecht: 1738. Four Sermons (in Dutch). Philadelphia: about 
1745. (These five lots of sermons were translated into English by Rev. 
Wm. Demarest, and published by the Board of Publication R.D.C. in 1856, 
i2mo, pp. 422; with an Introduction by Dr. Thomas De Witt, and a Bio- 
graphical Sketch by Rev. Wm. Demarest.) An Answer to the "Klagte," 
or Complaint against him (see Boel), is said to have been published by 
him about 1727 or 1728. Where can a copy be found? (Boel, Freeman, 
Van Saxtvoord, Demarest, Wm. Messler, Steele, R.H., and Freeman's 
Defence.) 

French, see Funck and Vonck. 
French, John W., St. John's, Hoboken, i8yi. 
French, Lawrence Henry, b. April 4, 1895, North Plainfield, N. J. R.C. 

1917. N.B.S. 1920. 1. by CI. Newark. Hurley, N. Y., 1920 

Frerichs, John B., b. Nov. 28, 1888. Holland, la. Mission House Col- 
lege. R.C. U.S.A. 1916. W.T.S. 1919. 1. by CI. P.P. 1919- Scotland, 

S.D. Ebenezer, 1919-21, Chancellor, S. D., 1921 

Freund. J. W., Ger. Evang. Hoboken. 87-88. 

Frey, C. F. (converted Israelite), Miss, at Yorkville, 1827, became a 

Baptist. "Mag. R.D.C," ii, 282, 159. 
Friedel, Henry A. (at first an independent Lutheran) ; 3d Ger. Ch. N.Y.C.,' 
1856-75, Flatbush, 2d, 1875-87. 



33^ THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Frieling, Harke, b. Auburn, 111., Ap. 12, 1872; Calvin Col. 1895. W.S, 
98, lie. by CI. Holland. Three Oaks, Mich., 98-9, Grand Rapids, 8th, 
1899-1903, Kalamazoo, 3d, 1903-1910, Spring Lake, Mich., 1910-11, 
Detroit, Mich., 1911-15, Grand Rapids, 4th, 1915-19, Fulton, 111., 
1920 

Fritts, Chas. W., b. in Columbia Co., N. Y., Nov. 23, 1837; R.C. 1862, 
N.B.S. 65, 1. CI. Hudson; Blawenburgh, 65-70, Fishkill-on-Hudson, 
70-1899, w. c. d. June 22, 1907. D.D. R.C. 1887. Pres. Gen. Syn. 

Dr. Fritts was distinguished by his v^ride reading and culture. He was one 
of the choicest companions whose conversation was always ennobling and 
pure. He also ranked among the strong ministers of the Word of God. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1908, 232. 

Publications : "A Funeral Sermon of Col. Henry Duryea," 1870. "The 
Centennial of the Republic." "Fishkill Standard," 1876. "Address at Cen- 
tennial of First Presbyt. Ch., Newburgh," 1884. "Sermon on 25th Anni- 
versary of Pastorate at Fishkill-on-Hudson," 1895. "Address at 200th 
Anniv. of ist Refd. Ch., Tarrytown," 1898. Articles in "N. Y. Observer." 
Articles and letters from the Orient in "Christian Intelligencer." Many 
letters of travel. Addresses, Sermons, in "Fishkill Standard." 
Froeligh, Moses (brother of Sol. Froeligh), b. at Saugerties (?) May 9, 
1763; studied theol. under Sol. Froeligh and Livingston, lie. by Synod 
of D.R. Chs., 1787; Shawangunk and Montgomery, 1788-1811, Mont- 
gomery, 1811-17, d. . 
See Manual, 1902. 
Froeligh, Peter D. (s. of Sol. Froeligh), b. 1782, baptized at Millstone, 
Oct. 13, 1782; C.C. 1799, studied under his father, lie. CI. Paramus ; 
1801. Pittstown. Tioshock, and Sincock, 1802-7, New Paltz, and New 
Hurley, 1807-16, Aquackanonck, 16-25, seceded, suspended (Aquacka- 
nonck and English Neighborhood? 25-1827). See Manual, 1902. 
Froeligh. Solomon, b. at Red Hook, May 29, 1750 (brother of Moses Froe- 
ligh) ; studied under D. Romeyn and J. H. Goetschius, lie. by Gen. 
Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1774; Jamaica, Newtown, Oyster 
Bay and Success, 1775-6, supplied Fishkill and Poughkeepsie, 1776- 
80, Hillsborough and Ne-Shanic, 1780-6, Hackensack (ist) and 
Sehraalenburgh (ist), 1786-1822; also Lector in Theology, 1792-7, 
Prof, of Theology, 1797-1822, seceded; 1823, suspended (Hacken- 
sack and Sehraalenburgh, secession 1822-7, d. Oct. 8). Elected a trus- 
tee of Q.C. 1783. D.D. by R.C. 1811. 
He was early religiously impressed, under the ministry of Schuneman, 
and begged his father, who was a farmer, to give him an education. 
Through his mother's influence, he finally prevailed. He married Rachel 
Vanderbeck in 1771. His patriotism in the Revolution was very ardent, 
and when the British entered Long Island he was compelled to flee from 
his congregations, narrowly escaping. He went to Hackensack, and ac- 
companied Dr. Livingston on horseback, on the west side of the Hudson, 
to the north. A brief autobiography may be found in "Demarest's Lamen- 
tation over Froeligh," with remarks on men and measures. Settling at 
Hackensack in 1786, over that portion of the congregations which had been 
especially of the Coetus. or Progressive party, he at first sought to unite the 
two antagonistic elements in that section. (Goetschius Curtenius.) 
Walmoldus Kupyers, the pastor of the other part, was a mild and peace- 
able man, though pastor of those who had opposed the independent or- 
ganization of the American Reformed Church. (Kuypers, W.) 

The old spirit still manifested itself in a refusal to attend, on the part 
of this people, the meetings of the Classis of Hackensack (1771-86), and 
;also on account of personal animosities with members of Mr. Froeligh's 
congregation. The two parties were also divided by opposite sentiments, in 
the Revolutionary struggle, and in the early political controversies of the 



THE MINISTRY 339 

country. It was at such a period that Mr. Froeligh settled at Hackensack 
(1786.) Efforts were now made by Synod to reconcile the conflicting 
parties, and Mr. Froeligh's people seem to have been favorable to it; but 
Mr. Kuyper's people refused, unless the well-known charter was repealed. 
The old charter seems at length to have been done away with by the new 
law for incorporating religious societies of 1789, of which these congre- 
gations availed themselves, and it was hoped that peace was now estab- 
lished. From 1790-5, they actually came together, and built a church in 
common, but the strife soon burst forth anew. 

Some of the people, who had been in the heat of the old ecclesiastical 
feuds (1748-71), looked upon Mr. Kuyper's people as schismatics, and dis- 
approved of the union effected. They dislike the efforts of Mr. Froeligh 
in this direction, and labored with him until he yielded to the pressure, 
and professed to feel that the union was undesirable, if not wicked. He 
applied Jer. 15:19-21 to the circumstances, considering his own people as 
the precious, and Mr. Kuypers' as the vile, and thus preached upon it. 
About the same time, the union church which had been built was struck 
by lightning, and the stone, over the entrance with the words "Union 
makes strength," was broken in two. This was looked upon as ominous, 
and all the efforts of Synod, even, proved unavailing to keep the congre- 
gation united. 

Mr. Kuypers died about this time (1795). But whatever may have been 
the position of Mr. Kuypers' people before, now the tables seemed to have 
turned, and Mr. Froeligh and his people to have become the aggressors. 
It must be remembered that there were two Consistories, but only one cor- 
poration. Now Air. Froeligh's people, hoping to control everything, after 
Mr. Kuypers' death, attempted to prevent his Consistory from sending 
delegates to Classis, and protesting against it when done, and appeals from 
classical decisions were carried up to the Synods. And when Air. Kuyper's 
Consistory attempted to call Rev. J. V. C. Romeyn, this they also attempted 
to defeat, protesting against it, and carrying the matter by appeal to the 
Synods. The two Consistories (making one corporation) voted on strictly 
party lines, while Mr. Froeligh, as the President, gave the casting vote 
always in favor of his own Consistory. Synod sustained Mr. Kuypers' 
people in all their acts, approving of the call on Mr. Romeyn. His Consis- 
tory now kindly invited Mr. Froeligh to officiate at his installation, but he 
refused. The old Classis of Hackensack being divided in 1800, Synod 
declared Air. Froeligh's church to belong to the Classis of Paramus, and 
the other to the Classis of Bergen, hoping thus to prevent collision. Yet 
about this time, a precious revival extended all over the country, also 
visiting this region, and Air. Froeligh had more than two hundred added to 
his church on profession in a single year (1800.) 

The building of new churches and parsonages by the opposing congrega- 
tions (which were one corporation) furnished many new causes of conflict 
and of sin. Alembers irregularly passing from one to the other, and Mr. 
Froeligh baptizing children of disaffected members in Mr. Romeyn's con- 
gregation, did not tend to harmonize matters. Technical questions also 
arose, Air. Froeligh's Consistory assuming the responsibility of the bap- 
tisms, to free Air. Froeligh from blame. Classes and Synods took opposite 
views of the matter, till at length Mr. Froeligh, with four other ministers in 
the north — Brokaw, Palmer, Toll, Wyckoff. H. V. — who had been sus- 
pended for contumacy, combined in organizing what they styled "The 
True Reformed Dutch Church." This secession took place in 1822. Thus 
that portion of the congregation in Hackensack and Schraalenburgh which 
had warmly favored the independent American ecclesiastical organization — 
which had belonged to the Coetus party, and which under Goetschius, 
Dirck Romeyn, and the early years of Froeligh, had denounced schism — 
had now. through their personal animosities, effected a real schism, which 
was the bane of Bergen County, in all its original extent, for nearly half 



340 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

a century. Likewise, many fair regions along the Mohawk, and farther 
west, were desolated by the same wave. The attempt was made to vin- 
dicate the secession on doctrinal grounds and looseness of discipline. It 
was charged that the church had become Hopkinsian (or too mildly Cal- 
vinistic) in its theology, and many pamphlets were produced by the oppo- 
site sides upon the question. The matter was brought by memorials of 
different parties before the General Synod. Dr. Froeligh had been ap- 
pointed assistant Professor of Theology in 1792, and this now made him 
directly responsible to the Synod for his conduct. He was accordingly 
suspended in 1822 from his professorship and from the ministry for 
seceding, for charging the constituted authorities of the church with un- 
sound doctrines and with looseness of discipline (especially while he had 
himself irregularly administered baptism to the disaffected of another con- 
gregation) for uniting with deposed ministers in contempt of ecclesiastical 
authority, and for promoting schisms and dissensions. It was afterward 
proved by letters of Mr. Froeligh to different parties, and by the testimony 
of some of his students, that he had contemplated secession, in imitation 
of the Scotch, for many years. 

Mr. Froeligh was seventy-two years of age at his secession. He was not 
a man of lofty genius or of intellectual greatness. He followed the beaten 
track of doctrinal exposition and experimental religion. He became, with 
years, severely dogmatic. His studies were rather confined to the needful 
and the useful. He was considered, during many of his latter years by the 
church at large, as a traubler in Israel. He expressed his doctrines in the 
severest terms, preaching an unalterable reprobation. He was, no doubt, 
led into the ecclesiastical difficulties, before he was aware, so far that he 
felt he could not recede, and by thus acting he soon became guilty of many 
inconsistencies. It must be remembered that he at first strove for union, 
and when he had failed in all his efforts and plans, the reaction carried him 
far the other way. From his position he found himself at the head of a 
party, and circumstances led him on till the consummation which we have 
seen. Much sin was on both sides, no doubt. He was appointed Chaplain, 
1st N. Y. Line, 3d Continental Establishment, which appointment was 
approved, Nov. 21, 1776. Reconfirmed, Jan. 3, 1777, but the appointment 
was dropped, Sept., 1777, he never having joined his regiment. 

See "Mints of Classis of Hackensack, Bergen, and Paramus." "Mints, of 
Gen. Syn.," 1822-3. "Cannon's Pastoral Theology," 585. "Taylor's An- 
nals of Classis of Bergen," 1856. "Gordon's Life of Ostrander," pp. 25, 32, 
46, 47. "Rev. C. T. Demarest's Lamentation Over Froeligh." "Centennial 
of N. B. Sem., 420. "Brinkerhofif's Hist, of True Refd. Dutch Church." 
"Romeyn's History of Ch. of Hackensack." "Gordon's Manual of Ch. of 
Schraalenburg." "Mints, of True Reformed Dutch Church." "Rev. H. 
Beet's Sketch of Froeligh, in Dutch," in "De Gereformeerde Amerikaan," 
Oct. and Nov., 1900. 

Publications: "A Fourth of July Discourse," 1794. A Sermon preached 
at Hackensack, 1795, on occasion of the lightning rending the steeple of the 
church — Job. 37:5 (In "Banner of Truth," vol. iv. No. 2. This is a maga- 
zine of the True Dutch Reformed Church). A Sermon on the "Heidelberg 
Catechism" — i John i :3 — "Banner of Truth," vol. iv. No. 6. A Sermon on 
Gen. 47 :g — "Banner of Truth," vol. iv. No. 8. A Sermon on 2 Tim. 2 :8— 
"Banner of Truth," Vol. v. No. i. A Sermon in the "New Jersey 
Preacher," on Ex. 17:6 — "The Smitten Rock," 1813. An account of the 
Religious Revival at Hackensack and Schraalenburg, "N. Y. Miss Mag.," 
180C. "The Trial of Universal Charity by a Jury," i2mo, pp. 268, N. Y. : 
1824. "Reason Assigned by a Number of Ministers, Elders, and Deacons 
for Declaring Themselves the True Reformed Dutch Church in the U. S. 
A.," i2mo, pp. 11: Hackensack: 1822. 

Froschl, John. 1. by CI. N. Y. Dis. to Pres. 1904. (Pres. 1904-06). 
Long Branch, 1906-08. d. 1917. 



THE MINISTRY 34I 

Frost, Henry D., b. Dairyland, N. Y., June 4, 1884. R.C. 191 1. N.B.S. 
1914. 1. by CI. Orange. Rochester, N. Y., Accord, 1914-18; Lawyers- 
ville and Sharon, 1918-22; Huguenot and Prince's Bay, S. I., 1922— — •. 
Member Bd. Supt. N.B.S. 1916-18. Member Ex. Com. N.Y. State S.S. 

Ass. 1920 

Fry, Frank S., b. Pottstown, Pa., March 26, 1884. Ursinus Col. 1907. Cen- 
tral Theo. Sem. 1910. 1. by CI. of St. Joseph, Ref. Ch. U.S. (Ref. Ch. 
U.S. Fulton, Mich., 1910-11; Mulberry, Ind., 1911-14; Shippensburg, 
Pa., 1914-18) ; Philadelphia, 4th, 1918 — — 
Fryenmoet (Frymuth), Johannes Casparus, b. in Switzerland, 1720 ; Mini- 
sink, Walpeck and Mahakkemack, 1741-56, also Smithfield, N. J., 1741- 
Dec, 1743; supplied VVawarsing, 1745-51, Kinderhook, Clavcrack, and 
Livingston Manor, 1756-70, supplied also Red Hook, Kinderhook, and 
Schodack, 1770-78, d. 
He emigrated while a young man to America, and took up his residence 
near Port Jervis, N. Y. The associated churches on the Delaware took a 
special interest in him, and finally induced Mancius to ordain him (1741) 
that he might serve in the churches on the Delaware, even as Frelinghuysen 
and Dorisus had ordained Goetschius three years before. Hence Mancius 
was called "Promoter," as if he had power like an inspector or bishop to 
"prefer" men to ecclesiastical offices. Mancius had organized these churches 
on the Delaware in 1737. But many found fault with this ordination, and 
hence application was made to the Classis of Amsterdam that he miight be 
legally ordained. The propriety of sending him to Holland was long under 
consideration, and it has been generally supposed that he went, but the 
Ecc. Rec. of N. Y. show the contrary. The Classis granted permission 
in May, 1744, to ordain him according to the Church Order. This 
was done by Mancius on Dec. 16, 1744. in the presence of Domines Vas 
and Weiss. His very neat handwriting, his great regularity in keeping 
records, and the sweet savor he left behind him of deep, evangelical piety> 
continued in Port Jervis (says Slauson) even down to his day. He was 
very popular as a preacher. ' So great was his popularity that quite a strife 
occurred between certain churches which wished his services. The churches 
of the Delaware and of Ulster County were the contestants. A corre- 
spondence took place between them of a very spicy nature, and evincing no 
little spirit of rivalry as to wealth and worldly standing. 

He became in a few years a conservative member of the Coetus, but in- 
dignantly withdrew when they proposed to organize a Classis. He had 
ordained Arondeus over the Conferentie elements in Somerset County, N. 
J., in 1747. In 1756, an Indian massacre compelled him to flee from his 
home, and he went to Raritan, and the Conferentie party there sought most 
strenuously to call him, but they were prevented by the friends of Coetus, 
who already had determined to call Hardenbergh, who had married John 
Frelinghuysen's widow. 

The dispute rose so high that the Circle (or Classis) of New Brunswick 
was called in to settle it. He had great power in personal intercourse, 
being remarkably social and genial, and was frequently placed on commis- 
sions to deal with delicate cases. See "Slauson's Hist. Ser. at Port Jervis," 
and "Zabriskie's Claverack Centennial." "Mills' Hist. Disc, at Bushkill," 
1874, and at Port Jervis, 1878. 

Fulton, Wm. Collegiate education in Europe, studied theology under Dr. 
Helffenstein, 1. by Ger. Ref. CI. of Philadelphia, 1852 (Phoenixville, 
G.R. and S.S. at Jeffersonville, Presbyt., 1853-5) ; Manayunk, 1855- 
March, 1865, Chaplain of the Scott Legion Regiment and Miss, at 
Hilton Head, S. C, March-Nov., 1865, Manayunk again, 1865-9. 
Funck, Seymour P. (see French and Vonck), b. 1798; C.C. 1817, N.B.S. 
1821, 1. CI. N.B. 1821 (Jamaica, Presbvt., 1823-O : d. 1828 -"Mag. 
R.D.C.," iii. 64. 



342 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Furbeck, George, b. at Guilderland, Feb. 24, 1821 ; U.C. 47, N.B.S. 51, 1. CI. 

Schenectady; 1851, d. Oct. 18. See "Manual" of 1879. 
Furbeck, Geo. Warren (s. of Philip Furbeck), b. Westerlo, N. Y., Oct. 23, 

1864; U.C. 87, N.B.S. 90, 1. CI. Passaic; Stuyvesant, 90-8, Albany, 6th, 

1898-1909, Altamont, 1909— — . Pres. P.S.A. 1916. 
Furbeck, Howard (s. of Philip Furbeck), b. Interlaken, N. J., June 19, 

1876; U.C. 1897, N.B.S. 1901 ; Amsterdam, N. Y., 1901-03; Rensselaer, 

1903-07; Addisville (Richboro), Pa., 1908-12; Annandale, N. J., 

1912-17. d. Oct. 16, killed by an automobile. 
Mr. Furbeck was satisfied by nothing less than the best in all he did. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1918, 598. 
Furbeck, Philip (brother of George Furbeck), b. at Guilderland, Dec. 29, 

1832; U.C. 54, N.B.S. 59, 1. CI. Schenectady; Caughnawaga, 59-62, 

Westerlo, 62-67, Buskirk's Bridge 67-75, Farmer Village, 75-82, Little 

Falls, N. J., 82-88, St. Johnsville, 88-92, Taghkanick, 92-97. Died July 

23, 1899. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Furda, Englehard, b. Groningen, Neth., Feb. i, 1884. H.C. 1910-12. W.T.S. 

1915. 1. by CI. Holland. Three Oaks, Mich., 1915-17; Melvin, la., 

1917-19; Sibley, la., 1919 

Gablemann, Frederick. N.B.S. 1899-1900. 

Galusha, Watts. R.C. 1847. N.B.S. 1847-9. Episcopalian, d. 1851. 
>Gamble, Samuel L., b. Pa., 1828; Jeflf. Col. 58, P.S. 61 (New Scotland, N. Y., 
61-7; also supplied Hamiltonville, 61-2; Bethlehem, ist, 63-7; Still- 
water, 68-70) ; Guilderland, 70-85, S. S. Pekin, ist, 111., 85-90, S.S. Con. 
stantine, oo-i ; S.S. Presb. ch., Garner, 91-1895; d. Mar. 18, See P.S. 
Cat. 
See Manual, 1902. 
^anse, Hervey Doddridge, b. near Fishkill, N. Y., Feb. 22, 1822; N.Y.U. 35- 
8, C.C. 39, N.B.S. 43. 1. CI. N.Y.; Freehold, 2d, 43-56, N. Y. C, W. 23d 
St. (after 71 in Madison av.), 56-76 (St. Louis, Mo., 76-83, Cor. Sec. 
Presbyt. Bd. for Colleges and Academies, 83-91), d. Sept. President of 
Gen. Synod, 1866. Editor of "Christian Intelligencer," 1871-5. 
Mr. Ganse was a man of brilliant ability, ripe scholarship and earnest 
piety. Hence he early became a leader in the pulpit and in denominational 
activity. He was one of the most active members of the Boards of For- 
eign and Domestic Missions. He was chairman of the committee to report 
on the elimination of the word "Dutch" from the corporate title of the 
Denomination (1866-7). He was also interested in Church Union. In 
1861 he declined the degree of D.D. from Rutgers College, holding that 
such distinctions were contrary to the spirit of the Gospel. 

A volume of his poems and hymns was published after his death. See 
"Memorial Address by Dr. J. McC. Holmes." Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Bible Slaveholding Not Sinful; a Reply to Slavehold- 
ing Not Sinful," by Dr. S. B. How, 1856. A Sermon on the "Duties of the 
Sabbath," in the "Christian Sabbath," 1862. Article on "Baptism for the 
Dead," "Am. Presbyt. and Theolog. Rev.," 1863. A Sermon on the "Trin- 
ity," in "South Church Lects. on Christian Doct," 1865. Article on 
"Change of Name," "Appendix to Minutes Gen. Syn.," 1867. "Rem- 
iniscences of Dr. Thomas De Witt" (In "Memorial"). Article in "Sprague's 
Annals of Am. Ref. D. Pulpit," on "Rev. George Schenck." Many editor- 
ials in the "Christian Intelligencer." "Practical Results of N. Y. S. S. 
Institute," 1868. Various Hymns. 

Ganss, Jacob J., b. Frankfort on the Main, Ger., Aug. 3, 1859; Basel, 
79; Basel and Karls Schule, 80; ord. by CI. Bergen, 83, Ger. Evang., 
Kreischersville, S. I., 1882-1912; also S.S. Kreischersville, 1913 — ; la- 
boring in Amboy, 1892-1910; St. Paul's, Perth Amboy, 1910— ; Ph.D., 
Tayler Univ., 1898. 



THE MINISTRY 343 

Publications : "Das Forsthaus." "Der Goldgraeber." "Der Mueller- 
sohn." "Gottes Wege sind Wunderbar." Gemeinde Bole 13 years. 
Gardeneir, W., Kalamazoo, 1855, d. 

Gardiner, Hugh Brodie, b. in Scotland, 1820; Y.C. 42, P.S. 49, Galena, 
111., 49-51, S.S. Madison, Wis., 15-5, Coeymans and New Baltimore, 
56-60, Herkimer, 60-4; S.S. Bergen, Cong., 64-7, Sec. Am. Tract Soc, 
Schenectady, 67-70, Perry, Presbyt., 70-2 ; died 1874. See "P. S. 
Cat." 
Gardner, John, b. at Gilbertsville, Otsego Co., N. Y., Feb. i, 1814; U.C. 
41, N.B.S. 44, 1. CI. N.B. ; Harlingen, 1844-81, d. Oct. 20. 
He had the advantage of a pious and worthy Scotch and New England 
ancestry. For 2)y years he exercised a ministry of great devotion and use- 
fulness in a single field. While he was an excellent pastor, his preaching 
was Scriptural, varied and forcible, and always very instructive. See 
Manual, 1902. 
Gardner, John C, b. Middleburgh, N. Y., May 17, 1877; P-C, 1900; N.B.S., 

1903; 1. by CI. S. L. I., 1903; Highwood, N. J., 1903-09, w. c. 
Gardner, Jolin Scoon (s. of John Gardner), b. Harlingen, N. J., Nov. 
I, 1850; C.N.J. 71, U.S. 75, lie. CI. Philadelphia (S.S. Morris plains, 
Presbyt., 75-6); ord. by CI. Schoharie, Aug. 23, 76; Middleburg, 
76-80; Harlingen, 80-3; Flatlands, 1883-1913; P.E. 1913. D.D. by 
H.C. 191 1 ; S.C, CI. S.L.I. ; Pres. P.S. N. Y., 1912. 
Gardner, Theodore A., b. in Vt, 1830; W.C, 53; U.S., 57; ord. by CI. 
Saratoga, 62; S.S. Manhattanville, 55; Buskirk's Bridge, 61-2, Tios- 
siock, 62-7; died Jan. 20, 1880. Other details see "U. S. Gen. Cat." 
Garland, D. G., Florence, S.C. All Souls, 1919-20. 

Garretson, Garret I., b. near Somerville, 1808, R.C. 29, N.B.S. 32, 1. CI. 

N.B. ; Stuyvesant, 32-4 ; Newtown and Jamaica, 35-49, Lodi, 49-52, d. 

Aug. 14, 1854. See "Manual" of 1879. 

Publications: "A Discourse at Jamaica, L. I.," Feb. 15, 1842, at the 

Quadragenian Anniversary of the Ministry of the Rev. Jacob Schoon- 

maker, D.D., 1842. "The« Christian Citizen," 1842. "A Sermon on the 

Death of A. S. Rapalje," 1847. 

Garretson, Geo. Rem., b. at Jersey City, May 21, 1850; R.C. 70, N.B.S. 
70-1, U.S. 71-3, in Europe 73-4, U.S. 74-5, lie. CI. Bergen, Sept., 1875; 
1st Long Is. City, 75-6, ist L. I. City, and St. Johns, Laurel Hill, 76-7, 
Ap. ist, Hyde Park, 77-8, Presb. Mattituck, L. I., 83-7, Claremont 
Presby, ch., Jersey City, 87-1900, S.S. Summit, N. J., 1900-04, Laurel, 

L. I., 1906 

Garretson, Gilbert S. (s. of John Garretson), b. N. Y. C, Nov. 21, 1839; 
R.C. 59, N.B.S. 62, 1. CI. Orange, Upper Walpack, 63-84, Franklin Fur- 
nace, N. J., 85-91. 
Garretson, Jas. Cortelyou, b. Middlebush, N. J., Aug. 8, 1851; R.C. 71, 
N.B.S. 74, lie. CI. N.B. ; Pratttsville, 75-7, Taghkanic, 1877-91, supply- 
ing churches, 1892 — , member Bd. Supt N.B.S. 
Garretson, John, b. at Six-Mile Run, N. J., Nov. 9, 1801 ; U.C. 23, N.B.S. 
26, 1. CI. N.B. ; Miss, to Kinderhook Landing (Stuyvesant) and Co- 
lumbiaville, 26-7, Middleburgh, 27-33, Schraalenburgh, 33-6, Miss, at 
Brooklyn, organizing the Central Ch., 36-7, Belleville. 37-49, Cor. Sec. 
Bd. Dom. Missions, 49-59, Canastota, 59-61, Owasco Outlet, 61-4, Eso- 
pus, 65-6, also S.S. at St. Remy (Lawrenceville, Pa., Presb., 66-9) ; 
Cortlandtown, 69-72; w. c. ; Rector of Hertzog Hall, 1874-5, d. D.D. 
by R.C. 1855. See Manual, 1902. 
Garretson, John. b. Millstone, N. J., 1829; N.B.S. 64, 1. CI. N.B. ; (supply- 
ing Broadalbin. N. Y., Presbyt., 65-8, pastor, 1868-9, d.) 
Garretson, John K., N.B.S., 1821-2; d. 1822. 
Garvin, Isaac, 1832. 



344 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Gaston, John, b. Somerville, N. J., 1825; R.C. 49, N.B.S. 52, 1. CI. N.B. ; 
Pompton, 52-62, Saugerties, 62-9, Aquackanonck, 69-95 ; emeritus ; d. 
Dec. I, 1901. Elected a trustee of R.C. 1876. D.D. by R.C. 1872. Pres. 
Bd. Education 1 880-1 901. 
He was splendidly furnished by nature, grace, and culture for the exact- 
ing demands of his high and holy office. He was a true "Shepherd and 
Bishop of Souls." 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: An address at the Funeral of Rev. Dr. John Gosman, 
1867 (In "Memorial"). Address at Funeral of Mrs. J. B. Sheffield, 1864. 
Gaston, Joseph, Belmont, 1895-6, Hyde Park, 97-1899. 

Gates, Cor. From Ger. Ref. Ch., Wyantskill, 1840-2, Caroline, 42-50, 
Manayunk, 51-4, Port Jackson, 56-7, Woolcott, 57-9, Minisink, 60-3, 
d. Feb. 
Gates, Wm. Bishop, U.S. 1902; Assistant Pastor, Madison Av., N. Y. C, 

1902. Congregational. 
Gebhard, John G., b. at Waldorf, Ger., 1750, studied at Heidelberg and 
Utrecht, 1. 1771 (Whitpain and Worcester, Pa., 1771-4) ; Ger. Ref., 
N. Y. C, 1774-6, Claverack, 1776-1826, d. ; also at Ghent every two 
months, 1782-87, at Schoharie, 1784, at Taghkanic quarterly, 1777-97, at 
Hillsdale every seven weeks, 1793-1814, and at Camp occasionally. 
When New York was invaded by the British he removed to Kingston, 
and soon accepted a call to Claverack. He was here the means of healing 
an unhappy division, bringing with him sagacity, knowledge of human nature, 
prudence, and self-control^ He mastered the Low Dutch tongue, so as to be 
able to preach in it, in three months. He also preached in all the surround- 
ing neighborhood, traveling sometimes even to Schoharie (sixty miles dis- 
tant) to break to them the Word of Life. In 1777 he founded the Wash- 
ingtonian Institute at Claverack, of which he was principal. He was always 
modest, dignified, and courteous, and affable in his intercourse with others. 
He was a man of peace. As a preacher he had life and energy, and was fre- 
quently pathetic ; his style of preaching was mostly didactic, addressed to 
the understanding with a view to enlighten and convince. As a patriot of 
the Revolution, he was active and consistent; he used the weight of his 
official character to maintain the righteousness of the cause and enlarge the 
spirit of freedom. His last communion season, standing on the border of 
the grave, is described as thrilling. "Harbaugh," ii. 393. "Claverack Cen- 
tennial." "Mag. R.D.C.," i, 232, "The Parsonage Between the Two Manors," 
1910. 

Gebhard, John G. (great-grandson of John G. Gebhard, above), b. Hud- 
son, N. Y., Nov. 2, 1857; H.C. 78, N.B.S. 82, 1. CI. Hudson; Griggs- 
town, 1882-5, Mellenville and Philmont, 1885-91, Herkimer, 91-1900, 
Cor. Sec. Bd. of Education, 1900-1920. Ass. Treasurer Bd. of Educa- 
tion 1902 . D.D. by H.C. 1906. 

Publications: Articles for Clrnrch periodicals. 
Gebhard, John G., Jr., (son of John G. Gebhard), b. Herkimer, N. Y., 
Sept. 23, 1894; H.C, 1916; N.B.S., 1919; 1. by CI. Westchester, Mis- 
sionary to India, 1920 

George, H. W.. 1889-90. 
Gerhard, Ludwig, 1865. 

Gesman, N. J., b. Charlois, Neths., Dec. 17, 1835; c. to America, 46; lie. 
by CI. Illinois, 88; Ebenezer, la., 89-1894; d. Nov. 3. 
He came to America with the 800 under the lead of Rev. H. P. Scholte, 
1846. They settled at Pella, la. In 1865 he began to study law and was 
admitted to the bar ; but his anxiety to preach the Gospel led him into the 
ministry. He was always ready to proclaim the Word in any destitute 
locality, and his efforts were rewarded with the conversion of many souls 
In 1888 a community at Ebenezer, la., where he had labored, petitioned the 
Classis of Illinois to organize them into a church, and they at once chose 



THE MINISTRY 345 

Mr. Gesman as their pastor. His preaching was logical and instructive, 

but his ministry was short. 

Gesner, Oscar, b. Njack, N. Y., Nov. i6, 1840; R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 65, 1. 
S. CI. L.I. ; Rocky Hill, 65-70, Linden, 70-4, w. c. 
Often supplying churches, d. Sept. 18, 1918. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1919, 

919. 

Geyer, Julius W., b. Saxony, July 7, 1836, student R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1863, 
Ger. Evang. Mission, N. Y. C., 1863-1914; d. Sept. 18, 1914. D.D. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1915, 595. 
For many years member of Bd. of Domestic Missions and preeminently 

the pastor of the German population of N. Y. C. 

Gibson, J. R.. 1888-9. 

Giebel. Wm. Hobart, b. Rochester, N. Y., July 21, 1879; R.C, 1904; N.B.S., 
1907; Post graduate, 1907-08; Talmage Memorial, Philadelphia, 
1908-09; Missionary to China. 1909-1913. 

GifTen, John, b. Birkenhead, Eng., Nov. 9, 1862; U.T.S., 93; ord. by Presb. 
N.Y. ; S.S., Belmont, N. Y. C, 1892-3 ; Supt. Albany Tract and Miss. 
Soc, 1893—; M.D. 

Gilbert. Archibald P.. b. 1826? 1. by Franklin Assoc. Mass., 1861 ; Pratts- 
ville, 61-1866. d. 

Giles. Wm. Warren, b. Jan. 16, i860. New York City. Coll. of C. of N. Y. 
1881. U.T.S. 1885, 1. by Baptist Ch. N. Y. Association, (Baptist Ch. of 
the Redeemer 18S5-1893, Baptist Ch. of Summit, N. J., ist 1898-1907), 
First Reformed. Orange, N. J.. 1907 — , D.D. 

Gillespie. John Hamilton, b. Glasgow, Scotland, Feb. 9, 1858, R.C. 82, 
Johns Hopkins 82-3, N.B.S. 85. 1. CI. Bergen; New Hurlev. N. Y.. 
85-8. Prof, of Greek, Hope College. 88-98. Prof. Hellenistic Greek and 
N. T. Exegesis, N.B.S., 1898-1911. Instructor in N. T. Criticism and 
Lector, Missions 1911-21, D.D.. H.C. and R.C. i8g8. 

Gilmore, Wm. Brokaw. b. White House, N. J., 1835 ; H.C. 66, W.S. 69, lie. 
and ord. CI. Mich., 70;,Prin. Amelia Institute, and Miss, in Va., 69- 
"jz, Prin. Female Dept. Hope College, Nov., 72-3, June ; Spring Lake, 
111.. 73-82. Havana, 111., 82-1884, d. Ap. 24. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Ginnings. see Jennings. 

Girtanncr. Carl, Hudson City. 2d (Jersev Citv). 1879-81, Newark. West 
(Ger.). 1882-1918. P.E. 1918. 

Gleason, Wm. Henry (son-in-law of Rev. Dwight M. Seward), b. in Dur- 
ham. Ct.. Sept. 28. 1833; Y.C 53; lie. and ord. Presb. L. I., 70; New- 
burgh. 7C-76. Newark, ist. 77-86, Hudson, N. Y., 1886-88, w. c. Died 
Feb. 21, 1892. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Gliddon. A. M.. 1892. 

Goebcl. Gustavus A. T.. b. Frankfort-on-the-Main. Germany, May 12. 1861. 
N.Y. 1881. 1. by CI. N. Y. N.B.S. 1884; Yorkville (Ger.), 84-90, 
Greenburgh. 1890-1910, Stanton. N. J., 1910-16, Grand Rapids, Zion 

Ref., 1919-21, Shawangunk. N.Y., 1921 

Publications: German English Readers. I. II. III. German English 

Grammar. 

Goebel. Louis, b. Frankfort on Main. Ger., Julv 27. i8s8; Bloomficld T. 
Sem.. 1877-80; U.T.S. 1S80-1 ; ord. by CI." Bergen. Sept. 30, 1881 ; Hack- 
ensack. 3d. 1881-90; Yorkville. N. Y. C (Evang.), 1899-5, Flatbush, 
2d, 1895-T918. d. March 14. 

Goetschius. John Henry (son of Rev. Maurice Goetschi. of Zurich. Switzer- 
land), b. 1717; studied at Zurich, and under Dorsius; assisting Dor- 
sius. in' Bucks Co.. Pa.. 1739-41 ; licensed by Dorsius. Frelinghuysen, 
and Tennant. 1741 ; Jamaica. Newtown, Success, and Oyster Bay, L. I., 
1 74 1 -8. rc-ordaincd by the Ccetus, 1748, Hackensack and Schraalen- 
berg. N. J., 1748-74. died. 



346 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



His father, Rev. Maurice Goetschi, was born in Switzerland in 1686, and 
ordained in 1710. He was a remarkable Oriental scholar. He was assist- 
ant pastor at Bernegg, 1710-20; was pastor at Salez, 1720-31, when, for 
some reason, he was deposed. But he still possessed great influence, and 
left Zurich, Oct. 4, 1734, with a party of 400, destined for America. They 
had a very difficult and dangerous passage down the Rhine, on account of 
a Franco-Austrian war then raging. They were molested and robbed con- 
tinually. After leaving Mayence they met with further disappointments 
and discouragements all the way to Holland, although occasionally they 
found friends along the way. The colonists finally reached Rotterdarn, 
where they suffered not a little ; but Rev. Mr. Wilhelmius sought to miti- 
gate their sufferings. Goetschi went on to The Hague, where he unex- 
pectedly met with most remarkable success. He had hoped, upon starting, 
that England would send them to the Carolinas, but Count Walpole, the 
British Ambassador at The Hague, said he could not send them on to 
England, without express orders. 

Goetschi now addressed himself to Mr. Felss, a certain statesman there, 
who received him most favorably. He told him they had been seeking for 
six years for a man to organize the churches in Pennsylvania, where there 
were 60,000 of the Reformed faith. He offered to secure his appointment 
as Superintendent-General of Pennsylvania, and give him a salary for the 
first year of about $800; but he must first see his testimonials. Goetschi 
wrote to Rev. J. Baptiste Ott, of Zurich, for testimonials. Ott informed 
Rev. Wilhelmi, of Rotterdam, that Goetschi had started against advice; 
yet since he had reached 'Rotterdam, he would give him a letter of introduc- 
tion to Wilhelmi. Information was also sent that Goetschi had been de- 
posed, but that he was a man of great energy, and might yet accomplish 
great good in the New World. Through Statesman Felss' suggestion, the 
whole body was diverted from Carolina to Pennsylvania. They left Rot- 
terdam, Feb. 24, 1735. 

They stopped on the coast of England, and had a stormy passage all the 
way over, and a brutal tyrant for a captain. They reached Philadelphia, 
May 29, 1735, and Goetschi himself expired soon after landing. He left a 
wife and eight children, of whom John Henry was the oldest. He was 
then only seventeen. 

In their distress John Henry writes, on July 21, 1735, to Rev. Werdmiller, 
assistant at Zurich, giving an account of the voyage, and of his father's 
death, and asking for aid. He also states how he had begun to preach at 
this early age. When the people found out that he was a student for the 
ministry, and he showed them the certificate of his studies, they were de- 
lighted and insisted on his preaching. He preached and catechized twice 
every Sunday, not only in Philadelphia, but in the outlying districts. He 
received another certificate from Zurich, on May 28, 1736, stating that he 
had attended college there, and they had hopes of his becoming a good 
minister when he got through his schooling. He now sought ordination 
at the hands of the Presbyterian Synod in Philadelphia, but that Synod, 
May 27, 1737, while satisfied with his testimonials, as far as they went, 
delayed ordaining him, and advised him to continue his studies. 

Nevertheless, he continued preaching, and performed other ministerial 
duties. He officiated in a dozen different congregations, although he him- 
self only partook of the Lord's Supper for the first time, at the hands of 
Rieger, at Germantown, in November, 1736 (if Boehm's statement is cor- 
rect). Goetschi, therefore, exhibited a spirit of independence, to say the 
least, not altogether justifiable. The South Holland Synod proposed in 
1738 that Goetschius should be ordained, either by the Presbyterian Synod 
or by some of the neighboring ministers, or by ministers sent there for that 
purpose. But, about 1739, Goetschi stopped preaching, and went to Bucks 
County to finish his theological studies under Dorsius. The Synod of 
South Holland of 1740 refers to this event, saying that after having per- 



THE MINISTRY 347 

formed all the work of a regularly qualified minister, he stopped short to 
finish his studies. 

In October, 1740, before his ordination, Goetschius visited Long Island, 
where the churches of Newtown, Jamaica, Hempstead, and Oyster Bay 
gave him a call, whither he went the following year. 

On April 7, 1741, Dorsius, Tennant, and Frelinghuysen ordained him. 
Goetschi asked Boehm's forgiveness for all that he had done against him. 
The Classis of Amsterdam censured Dorsius for ordaining Goetschius. 

Goetschius was installed by Freeman, with the consent of Antonides, over 
the churches in Queens County, L. I. But from the first there were some 
who questioned the validity of his ordination, and his colleag:ue, Antonides, 
took part with them. The pressure brought to bear upon him caused him 
sometimes to lose his temper, for which the Classis rebuked him. His 
opponents also trumped up charges of immorality against him, which pro- 
duced great confusion for several years, but the Classis ultimately de- 
clared that these had not been proven. The whole business, the validity of 
his ordination and the charges, was committed to the ministers of N. Y. C. 
and L. I., and articles of agreement were at length adopted. For the sake 
of peace Mr. Goetschius consented, in 1748, when the Coetus was formed by 
classical authority, to take the place of a candidate, though he had been 
seven years in the ministry, and to submit to a new examination and ordi- 
nation ! During the contest much unchristian spirit had been exhibited. 
The church was sometimes locked against him, when he preached in barns, 
or crowded houses, or under trees, or on the doorsteps of the church. On 
one occasion, when in the church, the chorister, who sat below the pulpit 
and in those days gave out the hymns, in order to prevent his preaching, 
gave out the whole of the 119th Psalm, which would have taken all day to 
sing. But Mr. Goetschius had the courage to stop the proceedings. The 
neighboring ministers also (Boel, etc.), who were opposed to his ordina- 
tion, rebaptized the children whom he had baptized. Yet God accepted his 
ministry, giving him while on Long Island, and before his reordination, as 
well as frequently after, great revivals. His occasional services at New 
Paltz were also greatly blessed. 

When he removed to Hackensack new difficulties awaited him. He was 
called as the colleague of Mr. Curtenius. The latter, while favorable to 
the Coetus, seems to have been among the more conservative members, and 
ultimately opposed the proposition for a Classis. The two colleagues, there- 
fore, represented the conservative and progressive elements. Indeed, the 
anti-Coetus party on Long Island soon called Curtenius there after they had 
driven Goetschius away. 

Mr. Goetschius and his friends, embracing all the elders and deacons at 
Hackensack, procured a charter from the Governor to assess the expenses 
of the church on the pews. Domine Goetschius had not received his full 
salary when he left Long Island. This, with the ecclesiastical questions 
about ordination, fully split the church, and was the foundation of those 
unhappy differences cherished by the parties which led, in connection with 
other causes, seventy years later, to the secession, and the organization of 
the "True Reformed Dutch Church," as they styled themselves. Mr. 
Goetschius was blessed again in New Jersey by a precious revival of re- 
ligion. He was a learned, pious, and godly man, and a faithful and suc- 
cessful preacher of the Gospel. He instructed several young men for the 
ministry, such as Dirck Romeyn, Theo. Romeyn, Sol. Froeligh, John Leydt, 
Verbeck. Benj. Du Bois, the younger Frelinghuysens, and Martinus and 
Henricus Schoonmaker. He was also one of the first trustees of Queens 
College. His ministry was exactly contemporary with the great dispute 
concerning Hollandish or American ordination. When he first settled on 
Long Island he gave great offense by preaching on the text, "The Un- 
known God," reflecting on the personal piety of many of the people. They 
in turn started slanderous charges against him, which could not be sus- 



348 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

tained, and then started those questions about the vaHdity of his ordination. 
He was a man of deep feeHng and strong passions, it being said that once, 
when resistance was apprehended to his entering the church at Hackensack, 
he buckled on his sword, and thus accoutred entered the pulpit. It must 
be remembered, however, that it was not unusual for even a minister to 
wear a sword, sometimes carrying it to church and laying it behind him 
in the pulpit during service. 

He was below the middle size, of a vigorous constitution^ abrupt in 
speech, but his language was clear and expressive. He was a man of pro- 
found erudition, a thorough Calvinist, and an accomplished theologian. — 
Ecc. Rec. N. Y. Many letters, especially between 1743-50. "Taylor's An- 
nals of CI. of Bergen." "Strong's Flatbush." "Sprague's Annals." 
Publications: "De Orbekende God; or, The Unknown God" (Acts 

17:23.) A Sermon preached on July 23, 1742, at , and on August 

22, 1742, at Newtown. i8mo, pp. 5. 1743. (This sermon in English, but 
apparently much abbreviated, in the "Banner of Truth," vol. ii, parts 6, 7.) 
See also "Rev. Dr. Jas. L. Good's Hist. Reformed (Ger.) Church," pages 
173-190, for the earlier facts in the life of Goetschius. 

Goetschius, John Mauritius (brother of J. H. Goetschius), b. in Canton of 
Thurgau, Switzerland, July, 1724; educated as a physician; c. to 
America, 1744; studied for the ministry under his brother, and Theo. 
Frelinghuysen ; lie. by Coetus, 1754; Schoharie (Ger. and Dutch), 1756- 
60, Shawangunk and New Paltz, 1760-71, d. Mar. 17. 
He at once began to practice as a physician at Hackensack on his ar- 
rival in America, but was persuaded by his brother to prepare for the 
ministry. He warmly espoused the cause of the Coetus. Conferentie com- 
plain to Classis (Nov. 9, 1756) that this Goetschius and Henry Freling- 
huysen have, without any call or commission, officiated for more than two 
years as ministers of congregations, except that they did not administer 
the sacraments ; that Goetschius had said at last meeting of the Coetus : 
"We have been ciphers long enough; if we cannot gain our end, let us go 
to the Presbyterians, whose ordination is as good as that of the Nether- 
lands Church." The Coetus approved his call to Schoharie, Nov. 10, 1757, 
and he was ordained and installed by Vrooman and Theodore Frelinghuy- 
sen on Dec. 14. Rev. P. N. Semmer, of the Lutheran Church, assisted. He 
preached to both the Germans and Dutch in Schoharie, and also practiced 
medicine all his life. His field of labor at New Paltz extended over thirty 
miles. He was large and commanding in person, courteous and intelligent 
in his intercourse with others, and decided in his opinions. President 
Stiles, of Yale College, refers in his journal to his having met a Rev. Mr. 
Huzius (Goetschius) when at Kingston, a very learned man. He was one 
of the original trustees of Queens College. By license dated Oct. 14, 
1758, he married Catharine Hagar, of Schoharie. She died at Shawan- 
gunk. 1785. "See "Stitts' Hist, of Ch. of New Paltz." 
Goetschius, John Mauritius, studied under his uncle, J. H. Goetschius? 
Sought licensure in 1773, but was not sufficiently well qualified. In 1774 
rumors against him again delayed his license. A man of this name 
joined the "Flying Camp," in N. J., 1776. He became a Major. — See 
"N. J. in the Revolution." 
Goetschius, Stephen (s. of J. H. Goetschius), b. about 1752; studied under 
his father, Livingston, Westerlo, and Verbyck, 1. by Gen. Meeting of 
Ministers and Elders, 1775; New Paltz and New Hurley, 1775-96 
(not ordained till June, 1777), Marbletown and Shokan, 1796-1814, 
Saddle River and Pascack, 1814-35, d. 1837. 
He was instrumental in healing the breach at New Paltz which the ques- 
tions about American ordination had caused. His ministry during and 
immediately after the Revolution did not show much spiritual fruit, owing 
greatly to the spirit of the times. He was small of stature and somewhat 
bent in form. He was sharp and fearless in his denunciation of sin. After 
the war, he organized no less than nine churches in Ulster County 



THE MINISTRY 349 

Possessed of a vigorous constitution, when over eighty years of age he 
could yet ride on horseback between his two charges. He never became 
well skilled in the English language. He loved to preach in Dutch. He 
was a man of deep thought, holding strongly to the Calvinistic doctrines, 
and dwelling much on experimental religion, election, particular atonement, 
depravity, regeneration, and final perseverance. — Rev. John Manley. He 
was teaching a Latin scliool at New Paltz, 1793. — "Ostrander's Life," 22. 
Goetschins, Stephen Z., b. 1795, at New Paltz (s. of Stephen Goetschius), 
studied under Froeligh, 1. CI. Paramus, 1819; Miss, at Manheim, 1822, 
seceded, 1823, Danube and Osquak, 1823-4, suspended. (Report Miss. 
Soc, 1823, p. 8.) Re-entered R.D.C. as a candidate of the Classis of 
Paramus, April 16, 1828. Canastota, S.S., 1836-7, afterward in the 
West. 
Gorby, L L, S.S. at Pekin. 111., 1892-3. 

Gordon, M. R., Schaghticoke, 1890-4, Glenville, 2d, 1895-1901. Became Pres- 
byterian. IQ02. 
Gordon. William R., b. N. Y. C, Mar. 9. 181 1 ; N.Y.U. 34, N.B.S. zj, 1. Ci. 
N.Y. ; North Hempstead, Jan., 38-42, Flushing, 42-9, Houston St., 
N. Y. C, 49-58, Schraalenburgh, 58-80, w. c. Died March 30, 1897. 
S.T.D. by C.C. 1859. 
Dr. Gordon was a keen thinker with a style more literary than oratorical. 
He was quick in debate and sharp of speech, which sometimes gave offense 
to those who did not understand his kindly heart. To those who were in 
need his sympathy and aid were prompt and generous. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Publications : See Manual, 1902. 
Gosman, John, b. 1784, in N. Y. C. ; C.C. 1801, studied under Mason and 
Proudfit, 1. Presbyt. of Washington, 1804 (supplied Lansingburgh and 
other chs. 1804-8); Kingston and Hurley, 1808-11, Kingston, 11-35, 
Philadelphia, 2d (8th St.), 35-6, Westerlo, S.S. 36-8 (Port Byron, 
Presbyt. 38-41), supplied Coeymans and New Baltimore, 41-2, Hudson, 
42-53, Flatbush, Ulster Co., 54-9, d. 1865. Elected a trustees of R.C. 
1825. D.D. by R.C. 1833. 
He was a man of genial disposition, abundant in labor and of unction in 
prayer. He was by virtue of his character a kind of bishop over neighbor- 
ing churches and he was noted for his ability to raise money for benevolent 
purposes. 

See Manual, 1902. 
PuBLrc.\Tioxs : "A Family Prayer-Book." "Questions on the Gospels 
and Acts, for Bible Classes." "Sermon at the Funeral of Rev. J. C. Van- 
dervoort." "Sermon at the Funeral of Professor James Cannon, D.D." 
An article on "Nearing Home" (Presb. Board). Articles in "Sprague's 
Annals of American Reformed D. Pulpit," on Rev. Elias Van Benschoten 
and Rev. Dr. Jacob Brodhcad. 
Gosselink, Marion G, b. March 2, 1890, Pella, la. H.C. 1915. N.B.S. 1918. 

1. by CI. N.B. South Branch, 1918 

Gouwens, Tunis E., b. South Holland, 111., July 13, 1886. H.C. 1909. 
P.S. 1909-10. N.B.S. 1912. 1. by CI. N.B. Fort Washington, Col. 
Ch., N. Y. C, Ass., 1913-15; Mountain Lakes, N. J., 1915-1921. (Pres. 

Louisville, Ky., 2d. 1921 ). 

Publications: Sermons in various periodicals. 
Gowcn, Isaac Wm., b. New Brunswick, N. J., Dec. 29, 1858; R.C. 79, 
N.B.S. 83, 1. CI. N.B.; Cold Spring, N. Y., 83-5. New Durham, 

1885 . Pres. Gen. Syn. 191 5. Member Council H.C. Member Bd. 

Supt. -W.T.S. Member Bd. Supt. N.B.S. Member Bd. D.M. Corre- 
sponding Sec. Bd. of Publication 1893. Member Executive and Admin- 
istration Com. of Federal Council of Chs. D.D. R.C. 1902. 
Publications: Ed. of "Mission Field," 1888-92. Assoc. Ed. of "Ch. 
Int." "Expositions of S.S. Lessons," 1890 . Articles for Press. 



350 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Graham. Jas. Edward, b. Catskill, N. Y, July 22, 1849; R.C. 71. N.B.S, 
78, 1. CI. Schoharie; Cherry Hill, N. J., 78-80, Greenville, N. Y., 80-9, 
Amity, 1889- 191 4. 
Gramm, Gustavus E. Gym. of Halle, Prus., 1844, tutor, 44-56, 1. CI. 
Maryland (G.R.), 57 (Baltimore, 5th, G.R., 56-9, Bethlehem's Ch. of 
Philadelphia, 59-61) ; Philadelphia, 4th, 1862-7. Physician 1867-1901. 
d. Nov. 2. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1902, 203. 
Grant, Henry J., R.C. 1865, N.B.S. 68, 1. CI. Geneva; traveled in Europe, 
Syria, and Palestine, 1868-70; on account of ill-health had license 
revoked about 1872. An insurance agent at Ithaca, N. Y. 
Grant, J. Edward. Presbyterian. Hawthorne, N. J., 1901-06; Fultonville, 

N. Y., 1906-13 . Pres. 1915. 
Grant, J. W. Cong. 1903. Glen Rock, 1903-11. LL.D. 

Grant, William D., b. Aberdeen, Scotland, Sept. 29, 1853; Univ. Toronto, 
80-3; Knox Coll., Ontario, 84; U.T.S. 87; ord. by Presbyt. N. Y., 88 
(assist, pastor, Broome St. Tab., N. Y. C, 87-9) ; South Bergen, Jersey 
City, 89-96; in Europe, 1897. Ph.D., U.N.Y., 1893. 
Grasmeer, Wilhelmus (son-in-law of J. Megapolensis), Grafdyck, Holland, 
16.. -49, suspended; c. to America, 1651 ; Rensselaerwyck, 1651-2, re- 
turned to Holland. 
The church of Rensselaerwyck having lost the services of Megapolensis, 
by his removal to New Amsterdam, was exceedingly anxious for a pastor. 
But the Classis of Amsterdam could not immediately succeed in finding 
one. Grasmeer had been suspended, and perhaps deposed, by the Classis 
of Alckmaer, for drunkenness, quarreling, and other things. Without per- 
mission of his Classis he determined to come to America, having secured 
certificates from Rev. Mr. Knyff and his own former Consistory. The 
Classis of Amsterdam wrote letters to its two churches in America, warn- 
ing them against him. Nevertheless, the church of Rensselaerwyck was 
induced by the certificates to accept him as their pastor. Upon his first 
arrival he had accompanied Stuyvesant on his expedition to the South 
River, in July, 1651. ("Col. Hist. N. Y., i, 597, 599, 60G.) He preached 
with accceptance to the people. But the Synod of North Holland confirmed 
his suspension, and the Classis of Amsterdam again wrote to him, and to 
the two churches, directing them no longer to countenance him, and com- 
manding him to return. In this they were sustained by the West Indian 
Company. In 1652 he accordingly went back to Holland, with warm testi- 
monials, asking that he might be qualified to return. This was not granted. 
Gray, Andrew, b. 1764; studied under Livingston, lie. by Synod of R. D. 
Chs. 1790; Poughkeepsie, 1790-4, Miss, to the Susquehanna Region 
(Hanover), 1793-96, Danville, Angelico, Sharon, Karr Valley, and Tus- 
carora, 1797-1819. d. 
He was driven from his home by the British, in the war, and his books 
and property destroyed. "Mints. CI. N. B.," ii, 33, 54, 72, 77, I04. etc. 
An interesting letter from, 1809, in "Christians' Mag.," iii, 105. See also 
"Centen. Disc," 509. 

Gray, John, b. at Aberdeen, Scotland, 1792, educated and ordained in Scot- 
land, about 1815 (Miss, in Russian Tartary, 1818-25, Dom. Miss, in 
England, 1825-33), c. to America. 1833; Fallsburgh (Woodbourne), 
33-5, Schodack, 35-46, Cohoes, 47-8, (Client, ist, 48-55, Cicero, 56-7, d. 
1865. See "Manual" of 1879. 
Gray, John, b. 1799. Currytown, 1830-32. d. 1877. 
Gray, William, Tyre, 1839-46. 
Green, Harold Edward, b. Nyack, N. Y., Dec. 16, 1880. R.C. 1906. N.B.S. 

1909. 1. by CI. S.L.I. 1909. South Bound Brook, 1909 

Greene, Elijah Warner, b. New Lebanon, N. Y., March 8, 1856; U.C. 82, 
Hartford Sem. 85, lie. Presb. Westchester, 84 (Presbyt. Miss, in Utah, 
85-92, Superintendent of Public Schools in Utah, 90-3, Presbyt. Ch., 



THE MINISTRY 351 

Oskaloosa, Kan., 93-4) ; New Salem, N. Y., 94-6, Philadelphia, 2d, 
96-8, Keyport, N. J., 98-1901, Livingston, N. Y., 1901-1903. S.S. Brook- 
lyn, N. Y., New Lots, 1903-04, (Episcopalian — Mitchel, S. D., 1904-06, 
Vermilion, S. D., 1906-08, Unadilla, N. Y., 1908-10, Franklin, N. Y., 
1910-15.) d. Feb. 13. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 191 5, 603. 
Gregory, Oscar H., b. Hobart, Delaware Co., N. Y., Aug. 27, 1809; Amherst 
Coll. 28, P.S. and N.B.S. 31, 1. CI. N.B.; Farmerville, N. Y., 31-38, 
Washington and Gibbonsville (West Troy, South, and North), 38-43» 
West Troy, North, 43-70, w. c. D.D. by U.C. 1853. Pres. of Gen. 
Synod i860. Died Dec. 11, 1885. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : "Sermon on the Death of David A. Abrahams, Esq., a 
Ruling Elder at West Troy," 1844. Essay on "Fashion," "Am. Magazine." 
"Sermon on the Death of Martin Whitbeck, Esq., a Ruling Elder at West 
Troy," 1858. "The Glory of God's House." "A Sermon at the Re-dedi- 
cation of Church at Farmer Village," 1857. "Memoir of Andrew Meneely, 
Esq.," American Tract Society. 

Gregory, Thos. B., c. from England, 1833, 1. Presbyt. of Onondaga, 1833; 
Canastota, S.S., 1834-5, Prattsville, 1836-40, Oyster Bay, 1841-4, Gra- 
hamville, 1844-8, Miss, at Hoboken, 1850-4, Huguenots, S. L, 1855-60, 
w. c. d. 1871. 
Publications: "Ezekiel's Wheel; or, Providence of God in the Govern- 
ment of the World," 1857, 1859. 

Griffin, Walter Timothy, b. 1852 at Flatbush, Ulster Co., N. Y. ; R.C. 

1875, N.B.S. 1878; lie. CI. Ulster; Jersey City, Central Av., 1878-81, 

Bedford, Brooklyn, 81-6, 1887-1906, U. S. Consul at Limoges, France, 

d. Dec. 13, 1907. 

He was a versatile man of great optimism. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1908, 

233. 

Publications: "The Hofnes of Our Country, Centres of Moral and 
Religious Influence," 1881, pp. 640. 

Griffis, Wm. Elliot, b. in Philadelphia, Sept. .17, 1843; R-C. 69, N.B.S. 
69-70; in charge of Knox Mem. Chapel, N. Y. C, May-Nov., 70; in 
Government Educational Work in Japan, 70-4, U. S., 75-7; lie Man- 
hattan Cong. Assoc, April 3, jj, and by CI. Schenectady, May 22, 77 ; 
Schenectady, ist, 77-86, Professor of Mental Science, U.C. 1883-4, 
(Boston, Alass., Shawmut Cong. Ch., 86-93, Ithaca, N. Y., ist Cong. 
Ch., 1893-1903, D.D. by U.C. 1884, L.H.D. R.C. 1899. "Resigned ac- 
tive pastorate to help Orientals and Occidentals understand each 
other." 
In 1870 he went to Japan for the purpose of organizing schools and was 
successively Superintendent of Education in the province of Echizen 
(1871) and professor of physics in the Imperial University of Tokyo 
(1872-4.) Always busy in literary work, since 1903 he has devoted himself 
exclusively to it. Beside his interest in the Orient and his works thereon, 
he has travelled extensively in Holland and interpreted the Dutch his- 
tory and character to the American people. He is an honored member of 
several Literary Societies of Europe and America. 

Dr. Griffis is one of the most voluminous writers in America. His lit- 
erary work may be grouped as follows : 

1. Writing 50 years for the "Christian Intelligencer." 

2. Many contributions to periodicals and encyclopaedias. 

3. 18 books relating to Japan. 

4. 4 books relating to Korea. 

5. 3 books relating to Pilgrim Fathers. 

6. 6 books relating to Holland. 

7. Various others on China, Belgium, Scotland, England, etc. 



352 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Griglio, Petro, Reed, from Pres. Ch. 1917, Waldensian, N.Y.C. 1919-1920, 

Presbyterian 1921. 
Griswold, John Valentine, b. Mich., 1837; U.C. 1865, U.S. 1868 (Wash- 
ingtonville, N. Y., Presb., 1868-71) ; Miss, pastor of Bethany Chapel, 

Brooklyn, 1871-2; (Port Jefferson, L. I., 1872 

Groenveld, John C, H.C. 1877, N.B.S. 1878-80, Fynaart and Saugatuck, 

1881-2. Suspended for schism. 
Grootenhuis, see TeGrootenhuis. 

Grooters, Peter, b. Orange City, la., Oct. 25, 1875, H.C. 1903, W.T.S. 1906, 
1. by CI. Iowa, Churchville, Minn., 1906-08, Greenleafton, Minn., 1908- 
16, Otley, la., 1916-1920, Classical Miss. Col. East Sioux, 1920, S.C. CI. 
Pella 1917-20. 
Gros, John Daniel, b. in Germany, 1737 (Northampton, Allentown, Egypt, 
Jordan, and Schlosser's Church, 176.. -70, Saucon and Springfield, 1770- 
3) ; Kingston, Ger., 1773-1783, Ger. Ref., N. Y. C, 1783-95, Prof, of 
Gen. Lang, and Geography in Columbia College, 1784-95, Prof, of 
Moral Philosophy in Columbia College, 1787-95 (Canajoharie and per- 
haps S.S. at Stone Arabia, 1796-1800) ; died May 25, 1812. Regent of 
U.N.Y. 1784-7. Trustee of Colum. Col. 1787-92. S.T.D. by C.C. 1789. 
He had been a pupil of Kern, and became the instructor of the illustrious 
Milledoler. During the Revolution he was exposed to many perils as a 
pastor of a church on the frontier. He removed to New York State on 
account of want of love, stubborn conduct, neglect to attend worship, and 
non-payment of salary o£ his churches in Pennsylvania. He was Chaplain 
of the regiment of levies for the immediate defence of the state, appointed 
by the N. Y. Council, April 27, 1781, under Lieut.-Col. Marinus Willett. 
On April 10, 1782, he was appointed Chaplain to two regiments of levies 
for the defence of the frontier of the state. ("Harbaugh's Lives," ii, 391). 
Upon his removal to New York City, he published "Natural Principles of 
Rectitude, a Systematic Treatise on Moral Philosophy," 8vo, 1795. He be- 
came wealthy by buying soldiers' land warrants. The last ten years of his 
life were spent in the vicinity of Fort Plain on a farm. See "Dr. Francis' 
Old New York," p. 47, and "Drake's Cyc." Also Art. in Milledoler, in 
"Sprague's Annals." 

Grull, John Derk, b. Nimeguen, Neth., Feb. i, 1874. Valparaiso Univ. 
1900. N.B.S. 1903. 1. by CI. of N.B. Upper Walpack, 1903-05, Rosen- 
dale Plains and Dashville Falls, 1905-07, Goodland, Ind., 1907-11, Volga, 

S. D., 1911-17, Bemis, S. D., 1918-1920, Litchville, N. D., 1920 

Gruys, Wm. S., b. Zaandam, Neths., Ap. 9, 1868; H.C. 95, W.S. 98, 1. CI. 
Holland; Bethany (Sully, 111.), 1898— — . Silver Creek, Maple Lake, 
Minn., 1905-09; North Blenden, Mich., 1909-13; Newton, 111., 1913-15; 
Portage, Mich., 1916-18; Rehoboth, Lucas, Mich., 1918-20. Presbytery 

of Florida, 1920 

Guenther, August, b. Germany, 1845, educated in Germany. Brooklyn, Ch. 

of Jesus, 1893-1902. d. June 30, 1908. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1909, 528. 

Guenther, John Charles, b. Newark, N. J., Oct. 12, 1858; Col. Dep. 

Bloomfield, N. J., 76; Theolog. Dep., 79; U.S. 1879-80; ord. by Presb., 

Newark (Holton, Kan. (Ger.), 80-3; City Missionary, Philadelphia, 

83-4) ; Brooklyn, N. Y., , 1884-5 (Ger. Presb., Newark, 1885-6) ; 

Brooklyn, Ger. Evang., 1886-1900, Church of Jesus, Brooklyn, 1902-03. 
d. June 17, 1903. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1905, 2.']2. 
Guldin, John C. (great-grandson of Rev. Samuel Guldin, the Pietist), b. in 
Bucks Co., Pa., 1799, studied theology under Herman, lie. 1820 (?); 
(Chester and Montgomery Cos., Pa., 20-41, Franklin Co., Pa., 41-2) ; 
N. Y. C. Ger. Evang. Miss., Rivington st., 42-63, d. Also General 
Missionary to the Germans in N. Y. C, 42-52. 
He was the Apostle of the Germans for many years. The master of 



THE MINISTRY 353 

two languages, he was the chief link between the American and German 
elements in the American church. While ministering in the German churches 
in Pennsylvania, he experienced a great change, acc|uiring new views of true 
religion, or at least having a slumbering piety quickened. He became, hence- 
forth, indefatigable in his labors, and with tears implored men to seek Christ. 
He had great revivals. He moulded the religious character of his churches, 
especially in Pennsylvania, where the population was not transient. 

In New York his labors were Herculean. Besides the charge of a con- 
gregation, he was for ten years General Missionary to all the Germans, 
superintended the issue of German publications in the Tract Society, and 
was the general counselor and patriarch of all those of his own nationality 
who came to our shores. He also was the principal agent in the prepara- 
tion of the German Hymn Book, since adopted by the Presbyterians for 
their German churches. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: A German Hymn-Book. Editor of German Edition of 
the "Sower." "Vol. of Sermons, in German," pp. 600, 1853. 
Gulick, Albert Voorhees, b. Somerset Co., N. J., July 30, 1830; R.C. 57, 
N.B.S. 60, 1. CI. N.B.; Jerusalem, 60-5. also. Union, 60-4, and Ones- 
quethaw, 64-5, Spring Lake, 111., 66-72, Norwood Park, 72-82 (Wil- 
mington, III, Presbyt., 82-9. Killiam Citv, Wis., 89-1895. 
Gulick, Alex., b. N. Y. C. 1814; R.C. 35. P-S. 35-7. U.S. 38-9 (Mt. Pleasant, 
Greenville, and Union. O., 4C-4) ; Woodstock, 45-59. West Hurley, 59- 
64 (Bridgeville. Del., 66-8. Jasper. N. Y.. 69-73, Kingswood, W. Va., 
74-5) ; re-entered R.C. A. 1875, w. c. Died Ap. i, 1887. See "P.S. Gen. 
Cat." and "U.S. Cat." "Mints. Gen. Syn.." 1887. 436. 
Gulick. Charles Wvckoff. b. near New Brunswick. N. J., Oct. 22, 1865; 
R.C. 95, N.B.S. 98. 1. CI. N.B.; Montclair Heights, 1898-1903; New- 
ark. North. Ass., 1903-1906; Schraalenberg, Dumont, N. J., 1906-1918; 

N. Y. C. Manor Chapel, ip2i 

Gulick, George W., b. South Branch, N. J.. May 19, 1876. R.C. 1901. 
N.B.S. 1904, 1. by CI. N.B. Shawangunk, 1904-07; Jerusalem and 
Onesquethaw, 1908-09; Plattskill. 1909-14; High Woods. N. Y., 1912- 
14; Shandaken and Shokan, 1915-17. S.S. Briarcliff Cong. Ch., 1917-18. 
(Presbyterian, Newark, Weequahic, 1919-1921) ; Esopus (Ulster 

Park), 1921 . Supt. Westchester Co. S.S.. Ass.. 1917-19- 

Gulick. Jacob I., b. Griggstown. N. J., Dec. 22, 1830. Colporter in N. Y. 
and 111. Blooming Grove, 1884-7, Tyre, 88-91. Macon and S. Macon, 
91-5. Constantine. 95-8, Fairview. 111., 98-1900. Pennsylvania Lane, 111., 
1901-1903. Missionary. Middletown, 111., 1903. d. Jan. 11, 1914. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 246. 
Gulick. Nelson J. ' Gansevoort and Northumberland (Bacon Hill), 1893-5. 
Gulick, Uriah D., b. in Somerset Co., N. J., Sept. 19, 1835; RC. 59. N.B.S. 
62, 1. CI. N.B.; Pekin, 111., 62-70, Norwood Park, 70-2, Chicago, (Am. 
Ref.). 72-5, Brooklyn, 12th St., 75-88, Steinway, 90-1900. Supplying 
churches, d. Vineland, N. J., Jan. 31 1910 
See Min Gen. Syn. 1910, 822. 
Gunn, Alexander, b. 1785, C.C. 1805, studied under Dr. Kollock, of Prince- 
ton, and Dr. Rodgers, of N. Y. C, lie. by Presbvt. N. Y., 1809; Bloom- 
ingdale, 1809-29, d. A.M. bv C.N.J. 1805. S.T.D. by Allegheny Col., 
18.. 
His talents as a writer and preacher were of a very high order. He 
possessed an original and lively imagination, which threw around the pro- 
ductions of his well-furnished and highly-cultivated mind a charm that 
fixed the attention and commanded the respect and admiration of his hearers 
and the readers of his works. He was among the best and most popular 
preachers in New York. He also held a powerful pen in the department of 
theological controversy. The facility, ability, and taste which marked his 
writings secured for him an imperishable honor — that of being selected by 



354 THE REFORMED CHURCH I.N AMERICA 

the General Synod as the individual best qualified to write the biography of 
their distinguished professor, Livingston. He performed the task to the 
entire satisfaction of the Synod. 

His piety was unfeigned. From the time of his father's death, at the 
early age of thirteen, he conducted family worship. His early impressions 
grew stronger with increasing years. In his last sickness the Lord tested 
his faith, so that he exclaimed to a friend, "The Lord is trying me in deep 
waters," but he also granted him a joyous and glorious deliverance. His 
last words were, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit." His son, Rev. Lewis C. 
Gunn, C.C. 1830, P. S. 1832; afterward became an editor. "Mag. R. D. C." 
iv, 158, 256, 257. 289. "Sprague's Annals." 

Alanual, 1902. 

Publications: (Pseudonym, Clericus, in "Mag. R. D. C."). A Sermon 
Commemorative of Rev. John N. AbeeJ, D.D. 1812. (See also "Mag. 
R. D. C." iv. 289.) — A Sermon on Intemperance. 18 13. — A reply to 
"Whelpley's Triangle." 1817. — Two Letters to a Clergyman of R.D.C., on 
the Question whether a man may lawfully marry his deceased wife's sister. 
(Clercius.) — Reasons in Favor of the Erasure of the Law Forbidding such 
Marriage. 8vo, pp. 38. 1827. — A Sermon Commemorative of Rev. Dr. John 
H. Livingston. 1828. — Memoirs of Rev. John H. Livingston, D.D. 8vo, 
pp. 540. 1829. Second edition, abridged, i2mo, pp. 405. 1856. ("Prince- 
ton Review," ii. 150.) — Miscellany, by Gunn and Rowan. "Evang. Guardian 
and Review." 1817. (See also "Mag. R.D.C.," iv. 289.) 
Gutweiler, Ernest, b. N. Y. C. Feb. i, 1853. Col. C. N.Y. 1874. N.B.S. 
1877. 1. by CI. N.Y. Long Island City, 1877-1884; Hicksville, L. I., 
1884-1910. d. April 15, 1920. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1920, 283. 

Haan, Enno R. Wortendyke (HolL), 1890-92. (Chr. Ref. Ch.). 

Haan, Gilbert G., b. Oct. 7, 1862, Vriesland, Mich. H.C. Calvin C. 1890. 

Calvin Sem. 1893. 1. by CI. Holland. Chr. Ref. Ch. 1893. (Chr. Ref. 

Ch. Borculo, Mich., 1893-96, Home Missionary, 1896-98, Muskegon, 

1898-1900, Home Missionary, 1900-1911. Leave of Absence 1911-15. 

Pella, la., 2d, 1915-21). Pella, la.. Bethel, 1921 

Hadson, Warnerus, ordained for New-Amstel, 1662, but died on the passage 

over, 1664. 
Haeger. John Frederic, born at Siegen, 1684. Matriculated at Herborn 
University, July 5, 1703; matriculated at University of Lingen (on the 
borders of Holland) about 1705, and left there on Nov. 14, 1707; 
licensed to preach by the Consistory of Siegen, Feb. 14, 1708; went to 
London with the Palatine emigrants, 1709; ordained by the Bishop of 
London, Dec. 20, 1709; came to America, 1710; acted as an Episcopal 
minister among the Reformed Germans and Lutherans along the Hud- 
son, 1710-1721, died. 
Haeger appears with the Palatines, in London, in 1709. The Society for 
Propagating the Gospel in Foreign Parts (founded 1701) was already con- 
sidering the propriety of sending a minister with the German emigrants 
to the New World. The Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of 
London approved of this. While thinking of writing to Prof. Franke, of 
Halle, to recommend a young man for this position, young Haeger offered 
his services, and the Secretary of the Society recommended him for ordin- 
ation. He was ordained by the Bishop of London on Dec. 20, 1709. The 
Society offered him a salary of £50. He sailed from Portsmouth early in 
1710, with a company of Palatines. But the Germans in New York did not 
take kindly to the ritual of the Church of England. They had been accus- 
tom.ed to simpler services. Haeger was greatly disappointed at his want 
of success in this direction. Kocherthal, the Lutheran minister, who came 
over in the same expedition, opposed the efforts of Haeger to try to 
proselyte the Lutherans to Episcopacy. The Lutherans generally turned 



THE MINISTRY 355 

against Haegcr. His only hope was now to win over the Reformed, espe- 
cially as they had no minister among them. In Oct., 1710, Haeger reports 
tliat he had 600 communicants ; but his subsequent reports make the num- 
bers to grow less. This was, no doubt, partly owing to the emigration of a 
hundred members to Schoharie, but also partly to the unwillingness of the 
people to connect themselves with the Church of England. In 1715, he 
reports 458 communicants, scattered in eight places on either side of the 
Hudson, but all below Catskill. On Oct. 15, 17 15, he, with John Cast and 
Godfrey de Wolven, received permission to build a church for the 60 fam- 
ilies of Palatines at Kingsberry, Dutchess Co., N.Y. ("N.Y. Col. MSS." 
Ix. 41.) On Nov. 15, 1716, Haeger was married at Kingsberry, by Koch- 
erthal as High Dutch minister, to Anna Maria Rohrbachim. In 1716, he 
reports only 2^ communicants. These had mostly no decent place of wor- 
ship, and they objected to receiving the communion on their knees, as Cath- 
olics did in their native land. Neither did the Society always pay him his 
salary, so that he was sometimes obliged to borrow money. On his very 
urgent appeals, they sent him £50, in 1721, but he died before its arrival. 
His widow married Rev. James Ogilvie, an Episcopalian missionary to 
the Indians; Haeger accompanied Col. Nicholson's expedition to Canada 
m 1712. Not long before his death, he officiated at the marriage of Conrad 
Weiser, on Nov. 22, 1720. He also labored among the Indians. With the 
coming of Rev. G. M. Weiss to the Hudson River Valley, 1731, an end was 
put to the attempts to proselyte these Palatines to the Church of England. 
See Wkiss. ("Dr. Good's Hist. Refd. Ch. in U.S." 143-7. "Harbaugh's 
Lives," ii. 373. "Doc. Hist." iii. 413, 421. "Col. Hist." v. 215, 515. 
Haeghoort, Gerardus, ord. by CI. Amsterdam, Ap. 2, 1731 ; arrived in 
N. Y. C. July 24, 1731, and at Shrewsbury, Aug. 3, 1731, at sunrise, 
where the whole congregation was awaiting him. Freehold and Middle- 
town, N. J., 1731-5, Second River (Belleville), 1735-76, d. 1783? 
He was sent over by the Qlassis of Amsterdam, in answer to a call of the 
church of Freehold and Middletown, after the resignation of Do. Morgan. 
He was a man of great respectability as a preacher, and enjoyed the confi- 
dence and respect of his people. As early as the spring of 1732, he was 
called to the church of N. Y., at a salary of £125, with £7 extra for fire- 
wood, and £25 for house-rent; but he declined. ("Minutes Ch. N. Y.," p. 
lOi, "Eng. Trans."). On March 15, 1737, under advice from the Classis of 
Amsterdam to Domines Haeghoort and Van Driessen, the former wrote to 
the Consistory of N. Y., uring the propriety of a Coetus. This was the 
first formal attempt for that organization. ("Minutes Ch. N. Y.," 123-149.) 
After serving in Monmouth County for four or five years, he was induced, 
by the influence of Col. John Schuyler, to remove to Belleville. His Consis- 
tory expressed their heartfelt sorrow, on their minutes, that they were so 
soon deprived of his faithful services, and their wishes that God would bless 
his laI)ors among the people at Second River, no less than he had blessed 
them here, and that he might there find himself no less beloved, to the honor 
of God's great name, and to his own satisfaction. 

Hence it is thought that he was perhaps ambitious in so soon leaving for 
a more eligible field. But the circumstances of the church of Belleville 
were peculiar. For valuable gifts, and assistance to the church, the Consis- 
tory had bound themselves on certain conditions to allow John Schuyler to 
have a vote with the Consistory, in calling any minister, and also to sign the 
call. Thus a right of patronage vested in the Sciiuyler family. But, about 
I753» Mr. Haeghoort made a remark which greatly offended Mr. Schuyler. 
He now atteini)ted to convoke the congregation without the consent of Con- 
sistory. This offended the Consistory ; Mr. Schuyler became an Episco- 
palian, and went to the expense of having the Connnon Book of Prayer 
rendered into Dutch, and had an Episcopalian come and preach in the church. 
The Consistory at length refused this privilege, but after a while in .some 
way the church was for a time closed against Mr. Haeghoort, who preached 



356 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

on the steps. His salary was also for a while withheld. At first his ministry 
was blessed with converts, but during the troubles very few were added to 
the church. He was a conservative member of Ccetus, and was appointed 
to draw up the system of rules for the government of that body. In 1751 he 
protested against Coetus, because it gave redress to a church and not to a 
minister ; because it had an extraordinary clerk, and because it had never 
been fully indorsed by Classis ! Some personal pique is evident. He joined 
the Conferentie when they organized, but not liking some of their proceed- 
ings, in 1760 he unceremoniously left them. He never signed the articles of 
union, and though he ministered at Belleville till 1776, he seems to have held 
himself aloof from all ecclesiastical bodies. — See "Ecc. Rec." ; many letters; 
"Taylor's Annals of the CI. Bergen." Rev. T. W. Wells' "Hist. Dis. at 
Marlboro'," 1877. 

Publications: Keten der Goddelyke Waarheeden die men geloven en be- 
trachten moet om seelig warden in haar natuurlyk verband Kortlyk. . . same 
geschalet. .. by G. H., predicant to Second River. N. Y. 1738. pp. v-t-38, 
("Copy in N. J. Hist. Soc, Miscel. Pamphlets," Vol. v.). 
Haeselbarth, Wm. G., 1. CI. Paramus, 1856, w. c. 1856-73. 
Hagar, see Haeger. 
Hagar, Augustus H., b. 1851, in Weilerboth, Bavaria; c. to N. Y. C, 1870; 

Ger. Sem. at Bloomfield, N. J., 73; teacher of the Classics, Theolog. 

Sch., Dubuque, la., 73-6; Ger. Presbyt. Ch., Chicago, 76-8; Ger. 

Presbyt. Ch., Lawrence, Mass., 78-83; Norfolk st., N. Y. C, 83-4; 

d. Oct. 20. 
Hagemen, Andrew, b. at Readington, N. J., March 3, 1850; R. C. 71, 

N.B.S. 74, lie. CI. Philadelphia; Queens, 1875-87; Holmdel. 87-93; 

Belleville, 93-9; assist, minister, N. Y. C, 5th av. and 48th St., 1899- 

1909, Ocean Hill, Brooklyn, 1909 

Hagemen, Andrew J., b. at Roycefield, N. J., Oct. 4. 1837; R. C. 60, N.B.S. 

63; 1. CI. Raritan; Hagaman's Mills, 63-87, St. Thomas, W. I., 87-90, 

supplying churches, 1890-1912. d. Dec. 2. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1913, 892. 
Hagemen, Chas. S., b. at Harlingen, N. J., July 20, 1817; R.C. 37, P.S. 42, 

1. CI. N.B.; Nyack, 1843-52; Poughkeepsie, 2d, 1852-71, Freehold, 2d, 

1871-8, S.S. Charlestown, N. Y., 81-5, S.S. Presbyt. Ch. of Blauvelt, 

N.Y., 85-9, S.S. Norwood, N. J., 90-1 ; d. Oct. 20, 1901. D.D. by R.C. 

1862. 
Dr. Hagemen was a man of charming personality, a wise counsellor, an 
attractive preacher and a faithful pastor. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1902, 205. 
Publications: See Manual, 1902. 
Hageman. George Russell (son of Rev. Andrew Hageman), b. Queens, L. I., 

Sept. 21, 1882. C.C. 1905. N.B.S. 1905-07. New College, Edinburgh, 

Scotland, 1908. 1. by CI. N. Y. Boonton, 1909-10, Tarrytown, 2d, 1910- 

13. Presbyterian 1914 

Hageman, Herman, b. Readington, N. J., Oct. 14, 1858; R.C. 79, N.B.S. 

82, 1. CI. Raritan; Cuddebackville, 82-87. Clove (High Falls) 1887- 

1905. Claverack, 1905 . S.C. CI. Kingston, CI. Hudson. Stated 

Clerk and Treasurer P.S. N.Y. 
Hagemen, Jas. Winthrop (s. of Chas. S. Hagemen), b. at Nyack, N. Y., 

Mar. 18, 1852; C.N.J. 72, U.S. 75, lie. CI. Monmouth; (Wausau, Wis. 

Presb. 1875 ■ 

Hageman, Peter K., b. Bound Brook, N. J., Dec. 7. 1859; R.C. 79, N.B.S. 

82, 1. CI. N.B.; Shawangunk, 82-90, Coxsackie, ist, 90-4, Middletown, 

N. J., 1894-1902, Central Bridge and Howe's Cave, 1904-06, Newark, 

North, Ass., 1906-10. (Presbyterian, Liberty Corner, 1912-16, Laming- 

ton, 1919 ). 

Hageman, Theodore A. (son of Rev. Herman Hageman), b. Cuddebackville, 

N. Y., Jan. 10, 1886. R.C. 1908. N.B.S. 1908-10. Ord. by Box Butte 

Pres. 1911. (Pres. Missionary in Neb., 1911-13). Jerusalem and 



THE MINISTRY 357 

Onescjuethaw, 1913-17, Fultonville, 1917-21, S.S. Auriesvilie, N. Y. 

Cfntreville, N. J. (Athenia), 1921 

Hagenboon. See Hogenboon. 

Hager, Titus, b. May 6, 1862, Neth. Private Study for Ministry. Ch. Ref. 
Ch. 1. by Nederdeutsch Church, 1893. (Paterson, N. J., 1893-5; Grand 
Rapids, 1896-1913; Muskegon, 1913-16). Paterson, People's Park, 

1916 

Hahn, Albert Ferdinand Christian, b. Jan. 2, 1884, Lohardago, Chota, Nag- 
pore, Brit. East India, Gymnasium (Germany), 1905. Bloomfield Sem. 
1908. 1. by Pres. Newark. (Pres. Ger. Ch. N. Y. C, 1908-11. This 
church united with Ref. Ger. Mission Ch. of Houston St. 1911). Formed 
Zion German Evangelical N. Y. C, 1911. 
Publications: Articles for press, German and English. 
Hahn, Godfrey F., b. British India, June 24, 1887. Eden, St. Louis. 1910. 
Eden Theo. Sem. 191 3. 1. by Ger. Evangelical Synod. (East Green, 
Pa., 1913-14; Hornell, N. Y., 1914-18; Annapolis, Md., 1918-19) ; Jersey 

City, 1st, Evangelical, 1919 

Hahn, Theodore F. Ave. B., N. Y. C, 1914-16. Presbyterian. M.D. 
Hainer, John A., Fort Miller and Saratoga, 1892-5. 

Haines. Francis Stoddard, b. Elizabeth, N. J., Ap. 20, 1857; C.N.J. 78, 
U.T.S. 80-3; ord. by CI. Montgomery, 84; Canajoharie, 89-91 (Easton, 

Pa. (Presby.). 1891 

Haines, Matthias L., b. at Aurora, Ind., May 4, 1850; Wab. Col.. 71, U.S. 
74, lie. Presb. Whitewater, Ind., 74; ord. N. CI. L.I. 74; Astoria, 

74-85. (Indianapolis, Ind., ist Pres., 1885-1920; P.E. 1920 ). D.D. 

Wab. Coll. 1886. 
Haken, G., Elim (Kings), 111., 1893-6. Lennox, ist, S.D., 1896-1906. and 

Chancellor. S.D., 1904-1906; Ramsey. la., 1906 — — 
Halidav, Thos., studied under Livingston, 1. 1806; Presbyt. 
Hall, Baynard R., b. in Philadelphia, 1798; C.N.J, and U.C. 1820, P.S. 2^; 
ord. by Presb. Salem. 25; Bloomington, Ind., and Prof, in University 
of Indiana. 1823-31, Bedford, Pa., 1831-8, teacher successively in Bor- 
dentown. Trenton. Poughkeepsie, Newburgh, Brooklyn. 1838-46. entered 
R.D.C. In Brooklvn he was principal of the Park Institute, 1852 — . . 
Died 1863. Jan. 2^.' D.D. by R.C. 1848. 
Dr. Hall had ability, as an author and a scholar, of the first rank. One of 
the professors of Princeton remarked at his graduation, "Young Hall, in ten 
or twelve years is likely to be at the head of one of the first institutions of 
learning in our country." He has written several works which have marked 
him as a correct scholar, a master of "all styles," and a vigorous thinker. 
His talents received some of the most flattering commendations. His Latin 
Grammar, published when thirty years of age, ranked him among the first 
classical scholars. "The New Purchase ; or, Seven Years in the West," 
was very popular when published, and the author was said to be. in a 
British review, "a master of all styles." Several later works from his pen 
arc. characterized by a like scholarly merit. 
See Manual, 1902. 

PuBLic.xTioNS : "The New Purchase; or. Seven Years in the West." 1843. 
(See Index to "Princeton Review." p. 187.) — "A New and Compendious 
Latin Grammar. Something for Everybody." 1843. — "Teaching, a Sci- 
ence." "The Teacher, an Artist." (See "Princeton Rev." 1843.) — "Frank 
Freeman's Barber-shop." "Theories of Education." "Princeton Rev.," 
1842. (See "P.S. Gen. Cat."). 

Hall, David B., b. Washington Co., N. Y., Mar. 16. 1812; U.C. 39. P.S. 
42. 1. Pawlett Assoc. Vt. 41 (.supplied Wallingford. Vt., 41-42, Middle 
Granville, 42-44; ord. Evang. by Cong. Ap. 29, 46: Columbia (S.S.), 
44-48; also supi)lied, Henderson, 47, and Harpcrsfield, Del. Co., N.Y., 
Presb. 49). Cleveland, 50-54, S.S., Lawyersville, 54, New Rhinebeck, 
S.S., and Cobleskill, 54-55, Princetown, 55-63, Princetown again, 65-69, 
w. c. Died May i, 1898. 



358 THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA 

See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : "Geneology of the Hall Family." 

Hall, John G., Fort Plain, 1858-63. 

Hallenbeck, Charles A., b. Greendale, N. Y., Oct. 30, 1888. R.C. 1914- 
N.B.S. 1917. 1. by CI. Hudson. Greenville and Scarsdale, N. Y., 1917- 
20; Hyde Park, East Orange, N. J., 1920-21. Professor of Educa- 
tion and Religion, Beuna Vista College, Storm Lakes, la., 1921 

Hallenbeck, Edwin Forrest, b. Alexandria, Va., Dec. 2, 1864; N.B.S. 90 
(special course); 1. CI. Albany; Brooklyn, North, 1890-93. (Pres. 
Rensselaer, ist, 1893-6; Albany, 3d, 1 896-1 901 ; Binghampton, West, 
N. Y., 1901-07; sth Ave. Pres., N. Y. C, Associate Pastor, 1907-09; ist 
Pres., San Diego, Cal., 1909. Moderator Synod of Cal. 1916-17. Prof. 
of Practical Theology, San Francisco Sem., Cal., 1920. D.D. Harri- 
man Univ. 1901. 
Publication : "The Passion for Men," 1904. 

Halloway, William W., b. in Philadelphia, Pa.; R.C. 1839. N.B.S. 42, 
1. CI. Philadelphia; Amity, 43-49, Albany, 3d, 49-53, Miss. North-Brook- 
lyn- 53-5' now Lee Avenue, Brooklyn, 55-59, Flushing, 59-65, Broad- 
way Ch., Paterson, 65-71 (Battle Creek, Mich., Tz-j-j, Mt. Freedom, 
N. J., 77-85, Morris Plains, N. J., 85-92, all Presbyt.). Died Sept. 
20, 1898. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Publications: "Fun. Ser. : on Death of Rev. G. R. Williamson," in 

"Cypress Wreath." 

Halloway, William Whiteman, Jr. (s. of W. W. Halloway), b. in N. Y. 
1843, U.N.Y. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. N. CI. L.L; Belleville, 1867-71, Jersey 
City, 1st, 1871-6 (Dover, N. J., Presb., 1876-1910. Emeritus 1910-14; 
d. Feb. 8. D.D. U.N.Y. 1891. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1914. 247. 

Halsey, Abram Oothout, b. Schenectady, N. Y., Nov. 3, 1798; U.C. 1822, 
P.S. 1827; ord. Presbyt. of North River, May i, 1828; N. and S. 
Hampton, 1829-67; died Aug. 23, 1868. D.D. by R.C. 1859. 
He was a man of a child-like. Catholic spirit, a better defender of the truth 

than of himself. He was an eminent preacher who by choice remained many 

years in a small field. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Hamilton, Wm., from Presbyt. of Belfast, Ireland, 1857; New Prospect, 
1857-63. Went to Canada. 

Hamlin, Henry F., b. Warren Co., N. J., Aug. 3, 1872; LaF. Coll. 94, U.S. 
97; traveling in Europe, 97-8; Hyde Park. 1901-07; West Troy, 
North, 1907 

Hamlin, Teunis S., b. Glenville, N. Y., May 31. i847- U.S. 1867. N.B.S. 
1868-9. U.S. 1869-71. Congregational and Presbyterian, d. April 7, 
1907. 

Hammond. Eben S., b. July 27, 1815; R.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. L.L 1842; 
Stone-House Plains, 1842-4, Gallupville, 1844-52, Prattsville, 1852-4, 
S.S. Canajoharie, 1854-6, Columbia, 1856-8 ("Schraalenburgh, seces- 
sion," 1858-60) ; Miss, to Closter City, 1862-4, w. c. Died 1873. See 
Fun. Ser. by Dr. W. R. Gordon. 

Hammond, Israel, b. about 1791 ; Owasco, 1831-9, Mt. Morris, 1842-5, 
Gorham, 1847-50, emeritus, 1856. 

Hammond, John W., b. in Esopus, 1819; N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. Ulster, 1848; 
Shokan, 1848-9, Grahamville, 1849-52, Shokan, 1852-6, Mohawk, 1856-9, 
Queens, 1859-63, Grahamville and S.S. Upper Neversink, 1863-7, Sho- 
kan and Shandaken, 1867-73, Roxbury, 1873-5, S.S. Columbia, 1875-6. 
d. 1876, Nov. 23. 

Hamner, J. Garland, Jr., b. Annapolis, Md., Dec. 25, 1861. Marietta Col., 
O. Johns-Hopkins 1881. U.T.S. 1885. 1. by N. Y. Pres. 1885. (Pres. 
Wickcliffe, Ch. Newark, 1886-95, G.S. House of Hope, 1895-1904. Gen. 



TIIK MINISTRY 359 

Sec. Brotherhood of Andrew and Philip, 1901-05). Palisades, N. J., 

1905-07. (Pres. , N. Y. C, West End, 1907-10. Cong., River 

Edge. N. J.. 1911-14). Belleville. K. J.. 1915 

Publisher and Editor "The Brotherhood Star." 1897-1905. 

Hamory, Louis, S. H., b. Kis-Budak, Hungary, Aug. 7, 1885. Newark 
Academy 1906. N.B.S. 1913. 1. by CI. N.B. 1913. Student Supply — 
South River Mission. 1910-12, also at Hudson Mission, Schenectady, 
1914-15: Hudson, N. Y., (Hungarian). 1914-16; Peekskill. N. Y. 

(Hungarian). 1916 ; al.so Manville and Flemington Missions, 1918- 

20. 

Handy. William Collins, b. Aug. 10, 1835, in Northampton Co., Va. ; 
C.N.J. , 55, Danville Sem., Ky., 57; lie. and ord. by Presb. of Balti- 
more, 57 (Presbyt. Ch.. Lewes, Del, 58-9. Canton, Miss., 60, Bucking- 
ham and Eden, Md., 61-5, Principal Washington Academy 66-74, New 
Scotland, 71-4) ; Schoharie, 74-80, Ed. of "Sower and Mission Alonth- 
ly," 81-2; Jersey City, Central av., 81-2, Schoharie, 1892-1904. d. Dec. 
10. 1909. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1910, 822. 

Hangen, Jac. W.. b. Philadelphia. Pa., Mar. 5. 1805; studied theology 
under Rev. J. W. Sechant ; ord. by Eastern Sj'n. of Ger. R. Ch., 1828; 
Columbia and Warren. 29-32, Mapletown and Currytown, 32-6, S.S. 
Greenport and Germantown, 36-7, Upper Red Hook and Germantown, 
37-40. (Ger. Ref. Ch. : Hilltown, Pa., 1840. Trappe, Pa., 1841-3; d. 
Feb. 23.) 

Hankamp, George, b. March 28, 1880, Hanover, Germany. H.C. 1907. 
W.T.S. 1910. 1. by CI. G.R. ist, Hamilton, Mich., 1910-13; James- 
town, Mich.. 2d, 1913-21 ; Pella, la., 3d, 1921 

Hansen, Andrew, b. Hempstead, L. L, Aug. 8, 1882. R.C. 1910. N.B.S. 
1913. 1. by CI. N.B. 1913. Hillsborough (Millstone), 1913-18; Albany, 

N. Y., 3d, 1918 . Editor Somerset Ch. News, 1917-18. 

Publication: "Wandering -Stars," 1916. 

Hansen, Maurice G., b. Amsterdam, Holland, Dec. 18, 1835. R.C. 1856. 

N.B.S. 59, 1. CI. New York; Gravesend, 59-71. Coxsackie, 71-81, Grace 

Chapel, Flatbush. L. L, 83-7, Hagaman's AliUs, N. Y.. 87-93. d. Aug. 

27, 1904. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1905, ly-. 

Publications: "The Reformed Church in the Netherlands, 1340-1840," 

1884. and many translations from the Dutch and articles in religious press. 

For list see Manual, 1902. 

Hardenbergh. Chs., b. 1776, studied under Froeligh, 1. CI. Paramus, 1802; 

Warwick, 1804-8, Bedminster, 1808-20, Greenwich, N. Y. C. 182C-1, d. 

Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1812. — See "Fun. Ser." by Rev. C. T. Dema- 

rest, 1821. 

Publications: "A Ser. at Bedminster." 1818. A couple of his sermons 

of 1812 and 181 5 have been printed in "Banner of Truth." 

Hardenbergh, Jacob Rutsen, b. at Rosendale, N. Y., 1736, studied under 
John Frelinghuyscn, 1. by the American Classis, 1758; Raritan, Bed- 
minster. North Branch (now Readington), Ne-Shanic, and Millstone 
(now Harlingcn). 1758-6.1, visited Holland, 1761-3, Raritan, Bedmin- 
ster, and North Branch, 1763-81. Marbletown, Rochester, and Wa- 
warsing, 1781-6, New Brunswick and also Pres. of Queens College, 
1785-90, d. Oct. 30. He was one of the original trustees of Q.C. A.M. 
by C.N.J. 1770. D.D. by C.N.J. 1771. S.T.D. by C.C. 1789. 
He was son of Johannes Hardenbergh, a colonel in the N.Y. Militia. His 

father was Cornelius, who lived and died at Kingston, and the latter's 

father was Johannes, who lived in N. Y. C. and immigrated to America 

about the middle of the seventeenth century. The family held an influential 

position in the colony from the earliest period. His literary education was 

not so extensive as might be desired, enjoying only the advantages of the 



360 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Academy of Kingston, N. Y. No facts have been preserved in regard to 
the time or circumstance of his conversion ; but that he must have devoted 
himself to the work of the gospel ministry in very early life is evident from 
ihe fact that he was actually licensed to preach when only twenty years of 
age. While pursuing his theological studies at Raritan, his preceptor. Rev. 
John Frelinghuysen. dying suddenly, he was chosen his successor, and im- 
mediately entered upon his labors in a very wide and important field. From 
his first appearance in the pulpit no doubt was entertained that he was 
destined to be one of the distinguished lights of his profession, an expecta- 
tion which was abundantly realized. 

His ministry while connected with his first pastoral charge, teaching 
through a period of twenty-three years, was a remarkable illustration of his 
ability, energy, and conscientious devotion to his peculiar work. 

His ministry occupied the important period of the distracting controversy 
between the Coetus and Conferentie parties, and in his own field of labor 
the dispute was carried on with unusual violence. At one time the contest 
became so absorbing that the regular ministrations of the gospel were sadly 
interrupted. Mr. Hardenbergh warmly espoused the cause of the evangel- 
ical party, and in connection with the prominent ministers of the denomin- 
ation exerted a powerful influence in accomplishing the independent organi- 
zation of the Dutch Church. During the progress of this controversy he 
made a voyage to Europe, for the purpose of bringing over to this country 
his widowed mother-in-law, and he was the first minister ordained in Amer- 
ica who had visited Holland. It is generally understood that while abroad 
he exerted a very beneficial influence on behalf of his cause, and deserves 
much of the credit of the final adjustment of all difficulties. 

In addition to this violent ecclesiastical contest, Mr. Hardenbergh's min- 
istry at Raritan was cast during the stormy period of the Revolution;iry War. 
The section of country occupied by his congregation had its full share of 
sufferings. At an early period of the conflict, his fellow-citizens called him 
to a seat in the convention that formed the Constitution of New Jersey, and 
for several sessions he was a member of the General Assembly of the State. 
As to his political knowledge and patriotism, his associates in office testified 
their confidence by appointing him chairman of important committees, and 
intrusting to him much of the business of legislation. From the whole of 
his record during the contest with Great Britain and after the restoration of 
peace, we must rank him among the warmest friends of liberty. 

His public zeal on behalf of his country often provoked the enmity of his 
Tory neighbors, and his life was frequently endangered. He often slept 
with a loaded musket by the side of his bed. On one occasion, an expedi- 
tion of the Queen's Rangers, under command of Colonel Simcoe, besides ac- 
complishing their immediate object, fired the church edifice of Mr. Harden- 
bergh, then near the Raritan, and burnt it to the ground. The loss was 
severely felt by the congregation, and was not rebuilt until some time after 
the war had closed. It was not to be expected that a ministry occupying 
a period of so great conflict would be equally successful as if the region 
had been in a state of peace. But the services he rendered his country were 
not permitted to interfere with his duties to the Church. He was not only 
a patriot, but a Christian minister, and in this most important sphere he 
studied to make every other consideration subserve. 

The trustees of Princeton College conferred upon him the degree of 
Doctor of Divinity at the age of thirty-three. He took a leading part in 
the establishment of Queen's College, and was unanimously appointed the 
first President of that institution. This position he was induced to accept 
in connection with the pastorate of the church in the city of New Bruns- 
wick. Although he had labored with great industry during the early part 
of his ministry, yet the amount of work that he now discharged was much 
greater than at any preceding period. Besides acting as teacher in the 
several branches of study pursued in the college, as a minister and pastor 



THE .MINISTRY 36 1 

he was not excelled. His friends were often apprehensive that he was 
tasking himself beyond his powers of endurance, and ventured to expostu- 
late with him on the subject; but, realizing the importance of his efforts, 
he could not be persuaded to abandon the work of the ministry nor leave 
his post as President of the College. He gave early indications of pulmo- 
nary disease, and finally fell a victim to this affection. The closing scene 
was a triumph of grace. His last words were, "I am going to cast my 
crown before the throne. Now 1 shall go to rest, for I shall go to be with 
the Lord. Hosanna !" 
See Manual, 1902. 

"Fun. Ser. by Rev. Peter Studdeford," 1790. See "Mag. R. D. C." ii. 
347. — "Gunn's Livingston," ed. 1856, p. 380. — "Dr. Alessler's Memorial 
Sermons and Hist. Notes," 1874. — "Sprague'5 Annals.*" — "McClintock's 
Cyc."— "Sketch of, as first President of Rutgers College, in the General 
Catalogues of the College." 

Hardenbergh, James B.. b. June 28, 1800; U.C. 1821, N.B.S. 1824, 1. by CI. 
N.B. 1824; Princetown and Helderbergh. 1824-5, New Brunswick, 
1825-9, Orchard St., N. Y. C, 1829-30, Rhinebeck, 1830-6, Philadelphia 
1st, 1836-40, Franklin St., later 23rd St., N. Y. C. 1840-56, w. c. Died 
Jan. 20, 1870. Elected a trustee of R.C. 1825. 
He came of godly stock and devoted himself to the work of the ministry 
in his youth. There was a remarkable completeness and symmetry in his 
character which caused him to be unusually successful in each of his fields 
of labor. Even when compelled to relinquish the pastorate he continued to 
work for the Master. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Art, in "Sprague's Annals," on Rev. C. Bork. — "Efficacy 
of Prayer"; in "Pulpit Repository," 1850. 

Haring, Garret A., b. 1825, 1. by Seceders, 1865; Schraalenburgh, 1869 

(Harkness, Jas., b. 1803 in Scotland; S.S. Franklin st., N.Y.C., 1840; d. 

1878.) 
Harlow, S. (Washington Hollow, N.Y.). From Assoc. N.\. 1839; Shokan, 

1839-49, Samsonville, 1852-8, emeritus, d. 1861. See Manual of 1879. 
Harmeling, Henry, b. Oostburg. Wis., Nov. 8, 1864; H.C. 88, N.B.S. 91, 
1. CI. Wisconsin; Sheboygan, Wis., 91-4, Alto, Wis., 94-1900; Chicago, 
1st, 1900-1906; South Holland, 111., 1906-09; Grand Haven, ist, 1909- 

18; Zeeland, ist, 1918-21 ; Chicago, ist, Roseland, 1921 . Pres. 

P.S.C. 1908 and 1918. S.C. G.R. CI. 1914-18. 
Publications : Articles for press. 
Harmeling, Stephen J., b. Gibbsville, Wis., Mar. 8, 1851 ; H.C. 78, N.B.S. 
81, 1. CI. Monmouth; Spotswood, N. J., 81-3, Alarion, Dak., 83-1901, 
CI. missionary, N. Yakima, Wash., 1901-03. 
Harper, Jos. A., b. Ireland, Sept. 20, 1839; c. to America, 50; R.C. 7i, 
N.B.S. 75, lie. CI. N.B.; Cortlandtown, May 25, 75-90, Greenville, 
1890-1905, Schagticoke, 1905-10, Scarsdale, 1910-17. d. May 13. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1917, 259. 
Harper, Richard H., b. Plymouth, England, Oct. 5, 1866. Washburn Col., 
Kas. Chicago Theol. Sem. 1. by Cong. Association, Wellington, Kans., 
1888. (Cong, Chicago, 111.; Longton, Kans.: St. Francis, Kas.; Ellis, 
Kas.; Fruita, Col. Oklahoma City and Darlington, Okl.). Missionary 
to Indians. Horton Memorial, Shawnee, Okl., 1907; Columbia Mem- 
orial. Ass., 1908-09; Mescalero, N. M., 1911-15; Vennilye Memorial, 

Okl., 1915 . Ass. to State H.M. Supt. Kas. Member State H.M. 

Bd. 

Publications: Manv articles on Indian Work, Temperance, etc. 

Harriman, Orlando. C.C. 1835, N.B.S. 38. 1. CI. N.Y.; Hurley, Jan.-July, 

1840; became Episcopalian. Died at Jacksonville, Fla., Apr. 30, 1881. 

Harris, David Tappen, b. Morristown, N. J., May 13. 1848; lie. by N.J. 

M.E. Conf. 1890; ord. by CI. Montgomery, 91; Manheim, 91-92, Ma- 



362 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



makating, 92-95, Port Jervis, 2d, 95-99, Esopus, 1899- 1907. Taghkanick 
(West Copake) 1907-16. w. c. 
Harris, Henry R., S.S. New Concord, 1873-4. 

Harris, Howard, b. at Belleville, N. J., July 29, 1848; R.C. 73, N.B.S. 76, 
He. CI. Newark; Unionville, 76-83, Missionary to Japan, 1884-1900. 
Hawthorne (Unionville), 1904-10. Instructor in Oriental Dept. Univ. 
of Southern California, 1910-14. Japanese church, Kahului, Hawaiian 
Island, 1914-15. d. Jan. 13, 1916. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1916, 935. 
Harris, John Ferguson, b. in N.Y.C. Oct. 13, 1828; R.C. 53, N.B.S. 56, 
1. CI. N.Y. ; ord. by CI. Poughkeepsie ; Cold Spring, N. Y. 56-57, Pomp- 
ton Plains, N. J., 58-67, Hurley and North Marbletown, 67-76! Hurley, 
76-78, supplying churches, 78-86, Cherry Hill, 86-91. Spotswood, 91-93, 
Hyde Park, 93-Jan. 98; d. Mar. 14. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Harsha, Wm. Justin, b. Hanover, 111., Apr. 20, 1853; C.N.J. 74, McCormick 
Sem. 77, lie. Presb. Springfield, III, 76; ord. by Presb. of Omaha, 77; 
(Omaha ist, Presb. 77-92), Harlem, N.Y.C. 2d Collegiate, 92-9, (Den- 
ver, Col. Presbyt. ch. of Highland Park, 1901 

Publications : "Biblical Hermeneutics." — "Sabbath-day Journeys."— 
"Ploughed Under."— "A Timid Brave." — "Sings as He Walks," etc. 
Hart, Charles Edward, b. at Freehold, N. J., Feb. 28, 1838; C.N.J. 1858. 
P.S. 61, 1. Presbyt. N.Y. 60; ord. bv same, Dec. 6, 63; (40th st. 
Presbyt. Ch. N.Y.C. (Murray Hill), 63-6): Newark, North, 66-80, 
Prof, of Eng. Lang, and Lit. in R.C. 80-97; Theodore Freyliughuysen, 
Prof, of Ethics, Evidences of Christianity, and the English Bible in 
R.C. 1897-1907. Professor Emeritus, 1907-16. d. Dec. 16. D.D. R.C. 
1880. 
He was a man of fine literary taste, broad scholarship and best Christian 
refinement. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1917, 255. 

Publications: "Courtesy"; a sermon preached in chapel of Rutgers Col- 
lege, 1889, and pubd. by request. 

Hart, John, b. in Bucks Co., Pa., July 17, 1843; R.C. 1869, N.B.S. 1872, lie. 
CI. Philadelphia; Locust Valley, 1872-5, Neshanic, 1875-1922. 
Publications: Articles for County papers. 
Hart, Wm. Reese (son of Rev. John Hart), b. Neshanic, N. J., Aug. 31, 
1877. R.C. 1899. N.B.S. 1902. 1. by CI. Philadelphia West Farms, 

N. Y. C, 1902-16; Jersey City, Van Vorst, ist, 1916 

Hartig, Franz, b. in Amorbach, Bavaria, 1850; Gymnasium of Acchaffen- 
burg; came to America, 1869; Bloomfield Theolog. School, 79; (Pleas- 
ant Dale, N. J., Presb.) 82-9, Jamaica, St. Paul's Ger. Ch., 1889-99, d. 
Feb. I. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Hartley, Isaac Smithson, b. N.Y.C, Sept. 20, 1830; N.Y.U. 52, U.S. .53-4. 
A.S. 54-6, Res. Lie. 57-8; 1. by Andover Assoc. 1856; Union Ch. Sixth 
av. N.Y.C. 64-9, Philadelphia, 2d, 70-1, Utica, 1871-89; Episcopalian, 
90; Trustee of R.C. 1873-93. D.D. by R.C. 1873. (Great Barrington, 
Mass., 90-1899, died July 3). 
Publications : See Manual, 1902. 
Hartranft, Chester D. (son-in-law of J. F. Berg) ; b. Frederick, Pa., Oct. 
15. 1839; U. Pa. 61, N.B.S. 64, 1. CI. Philadelphia; South Bushwick, 
64-6, New Brunswick, 2d, 66-78, Prof, of Bib. and Ecc. Hist, in the 
Hartford Theolog. Seminary, Ct. (Cong.), 78-88, President of Hartford 
Theological Sem. and Prof, of Biblical Theolog, 1888-1903. Engaged 
in literary and research work in Germany, 1903-14. d. Dec. 30. 
He was a musical genius and a man of ability in all lines of activity. 
Also teaching Theological Cvclopedia and Ecc. Dogmatics and Ethics. 
Mus. D. by R.C. 1871. D.D. by"R.C. 1876. Williams 1893. 
Publications: See Manual, 1902. 



THE MINISTRY 363 

Hasbrouck. Howard Crosby, b. Jamaica, L. I.. March i, 1S70; R.C. 91, 
N.B.S. 94. 1. CI. N.B.; Peapack, 1894-1900. Piermont. 1900-04, Brook- 
Ivn, New Lots. 1904 

Hasbrouck. J. R. H.. b. 1784. Studied under Froeligh. 1. 1808; Klein. 
Ksopus, and Bloomingdale, 1809-13, Charlestown. ist. and Canajoharie 
(Mapletown and Westcrlo. 14-29), also Root, now Currytown, I4--29- 
also Clcn, 14-26. d. 1854. Sketch in "Ch. Int.," Feb. 9. 1854. 

Ha.sbrouck. Stephen, b. April 24, 1794. U.C. 181 5. N.B.S. 1815-16. Phys- 
ician. 

Hastings, S. M. P. Ham. C. 1833. Aub. Sem. 1837, 1. Presbyt. Oneida; 
\'ernon, N. Y., 39-48, Pompey, 48-55, Chittenango, 55-59. Owasco Out- 
let. 59. Coxsackie, 6)-70, Rochester. 1870-6, d. Feb. 24. 

Haughevoort, see Haeghoort. 

Hauser. George, Plainfiold, (Ger.) 1894-1901 ; Grahamsville. 1902-06; 
Claraville, 1002-06; Unionville, 1905-06; Plainfield (Ger. ), 1913-21. 

Haverkamp, Anthony, b. May 7. 1886, Cedar Grove, Wis. H.C. 1908. 
W.T.S. 191 1. 1. by CI. Wis. Sandham Memorial, S. D., 1911-16; Sioux 
Centre, la., 1916 . S.C. CI. W.S. 1918. 

Hawes, H. H., b. Va., Jan. 21, 1834. N.B.S. 1859-61. Presbyterian in Vir- 
ginia, d. Jan. 19, 1906. 

Hawthorne, Hugh, 1835. 

Hawxhurst. Dan. T.. h. Brooklyn. Dec. 12. 1852. N.B.S. 1873-4. d. Jan. 
10. 1915. 

Havt, S. A. 1868, w. c. 

Hazenburg, Wm. H.C. 1872. H.S. 1875. He CI. ..; Fulton. 111., 1875-7. 
Passaic (Hoi..) i^'77-79. returned to Holland; went to Africa to labor 
among Mohammedans. 

Hebard, F. S.S. Cicero, 1857. 

Hedges, Hugh G., b. Somerville. Feb.. 1824. R.C. 1846, N.B.S.. died 1848, 
Sept. 15. 

Heemstra, Jacob, b. Oraqge Citv. la., Jan. 2, 1888. H.C. 1910. P.S. and 
W.T.S. 1914. 1. by CI. Iowa. Chicago. Ill, Trinity, 1914-18. Profes- 
sor. Central College, 1918 . (Psychology and Education). 

Heemstra, John F., b. Orange City. la., Nov. 16. 1870. H.C. 95. N.B.S. 
1898. 1. by CI. Iowa. Immanuel, Springfield, S. D., 98-9, Sioux Centre. 
la., 1 899- 1904, Newkirk, la., 1904-06, Principal, Northwestern Classi- 
cal Academy, 1906-10, Grand Rapids. 7th, 1910-13, Chicago, Roseland, 
1st, 1914-19. Holland, Mich., 4th, 1919 

Heeren, Enne J., b. in Uttun. East Friesland, Europe, Nov. 13, 1842; c. 
to U.S. with his parents in 1855; H.C. 1867, H.S. 1870, lie. and ord. 
by CI. Wisconsin, Feb. 7, 1872. Missionary in India. 72--. Returned 
to America on account of ill health, d. Oct. 15, 1878. 
See Manual. 1902. 

Heermance. F^dgar L. (s. of Henry Heermance) ; Y.C. 1858, A.S. 61, 1. by 
Cen. Assoc. New Haven. 61 ; Castleton. 61-9, tour in Europe and Pales- 
tine. 69-70, w. c. 70-2 (White Plains, N. Y. (Presbyt.), 1872-88, d. 
Apr. 29). 

Heermance, Harrison, b. at Rhinebeck, N. Y. ; R.C. 1834. N.B.S. 37, 1. CI. 

Poughkeepsie ; Currytown and Mapletown, 37-40 (Milton 

Presbyt. 40-3), Buskirk's Bridge. 44-5. Medina. 46-51. Jefferson and 
Pottsford. 51-7, Macon, 57-62, Chaplain 128th Reg. N.Y.V. 1864. Died, 
Feb. 21. 1883. 
He devoted himself to pioneer mission work in the West. At the outbreak 

of the Civil War he threw himself into the struggle with an energy which 

shattered his health. Thenceforth he led a quiet but useful life. 
See Manual. 1902. 

Heermance. Henry, b. at Nassau, 1801, U.C, N.B.S. 26. 1. CI. N.B.; Oyster 
I^ay and North Hempstead. 26-7, Miss, at Stuyvesant, 2-j-%, Sand 



364 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Beach, March-Nov. 29, Blawenbergh, 32-5, Kinderhook, 35-6, died,. 
1846. See Manual of 1879. 

Hegeman, sec Hageman. 

Heineger, John, Jersey City, ist Ger. 1896-19CO. 

Heines, Cornelius, b. Oldeboom, Netherlands, Aug. 4, 1862; c. to Amer- 
ica, 93; lie. by CI. Illinois. July 10, 1894; Otley, la., 93-97, Lafayette, 
Ind., 97-8, Danforth, 111.. 98-9. Kalamazoo, 4th, 1899-1903, Grand Rap- 
ids, 9th, 1903-07. Graefschap, 1907-10, Paterson, Union Reformed, 
1910-14, Seattle, Wash., 1914-17. d. July 23, of accidental poisoning. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1918, 596. 

Heinrichs. John H.. b. Canarsie. N. J.. March 17. 1882. Bloomfield Acd. 
1911. N.B.S. 1914. 1. by S. CI. L. I. 1914. Barren Island, S.S., 1912- 
13; Jersey City, West Side, 1914-16; Leeds, 1916-21; Kiskatom, S.S., 
1919-21. S.C. CI. of Green. 

Hekhuis, Gerrit John. b. Holland. Mich., Aug. 2, i860; H.C. 85. W.S. 
88. 1. CI. Holland; Spring Lake. Mich., 88-91, Bethany Ch., Roseland, 

Chicago. 1891-1906; Overisel, Mich., 1906-17; Alto, Wis., 1917 . 

Member Bd. D.M. of H.C. Council, of Bd. Supt. W.T.S. 

Hekhuis, Lambertus, b. in Holland, Mich.. 1849; H.C. 77, N.B.S. 80, 1. CI. 
Holland; ord. by same. Dec, 81. Missionary to India 1881-1888. d. 
Sept. 16. 
A devoted man cut down in his prime. M.D. Univ. N.Y. Medical C. 1881. 
See Manual. 1902. 

Hekhuis. Lambertus. b. S])ring Lake. M'ch., 1890. H.C. 1913. W.T.S. 1916. 

1. by CI. Holland. Missionary to India, 1916 . Principal Voorhees 

College. Vellore, India. 1917 

Helfifenstein, Albert, b. Philadelphia. March 14, 1801. U. Penn. 1820. 
N.B.S. 1821-2. German Reformed, d. Sept. 12, 1870. 

Helfifenstein. Samuel, b. Philadelphia, Jan. 13. 1800. U. Penn. 1820. N.B.S. 
1820-21. German Reformed, d. May 21, 1869. 

Hemenway. Frank Wilder, b. April 12, i860. Kendallville, Ind. Syracuse 
Univ. 82. Four years M.E. reading course. (M.E. pastorates 87-93, 
Cong., Newton. Kans.. 93-97. Old Orchard. Mo., 97-98. S.S. Bright- 
wood, Ind.. Anderson, Ind. Hinesburg, Vt., 1916-17, Charlotte, Vt., 
1917-19, Boys' Recreation Centre, Brooklyn, 1919). Gallatin, N. Y., 

1920 . Trustee Fairmount Col. Chaplain 2d Reg., Kansas State 

Guard. 

Henderson, William J., b. in Pa., 1844; C.N.J. 70, P.S. "S; Annandale, 
86-91. For other details, see P. S. Gen. Cat. 

Hendricks. John. b. in Rhinebeck, 1782; U.C. 1808, studied under Brod- 
head and Livingston, lie. CI. N.Y. 1810; d. Aug. 6, 1876. See Manual 
of 1879. 

Hcndrickson, Henrv A., b. Queens. N. Y.. Dec. 12, 1850. R.C. 1875, 
N.B.S. 78: lie. N. CI. L.I.; Colt's Neck, 1878-82, Schodack Landing, 
N.Y., 82-87, Ellenville, 87-1895, w. c. 

Heneveld. George G., b. Laketown, Mich., March 31, 1891. H.C. 1913. 
W.T.S. 1916. 1. by CI. Holland. KiUduff and Galesburg, 1916-18; 
Muskegon, Mich., Unity, 1918 

Henry, Jas. Vernor, b. in Albany, N. Y., Sept. 12, 1798; C.N.J. 1815; P.S. 
1821, Ithaca, Alar. 4. 1846-9, supplied Jersey City, ist, 1851. Died 1873, 
Mar. 14. See Manual of 1879. and P.S. Cat. 

Henshaw. Marshall, b. Bethany. Pa., Oct. 3. 1820; A.C. 1845. U.S. 1846-7; 
tutor in Am. Col. 1847-9. ord. by Cong. Feb.. 1849; (Prin.. Derry. N.H., 
1849-53, Prin.. Byfield. Mass.. 1853-9) ; Prof. Nat. Phil, and Math, in 
Rutgers Coll.. 1859-63; (Prin. Williston Sem., E. Hampton, Mass., 
1863-77). Lecturer on Nat. Phil, at Am. Coll.. 81-91. LL.D. by N.Y.U. 
1863. D.D. by Am. C. 1872. Died. Dec, 1900. — "Biog. Notices of Grads. 
R.C," 1901, 5. 



THE MINISTRY 3C5 

Herge, Charles, b. Baltimore, Md., April 3, i88c. Bloomfield Ac. 1901-04. 
N.B.S. 1907. 1. by S.C. L.I. North Paterson. 1907-12; Jersey City, 

LaFayettc, 1912-15; Fishkill, 1916 . Also S.S. Glenham, 1920 . 

D.D. Richmond Col. 1914. 
Herge, Henry John, b. Allegheny, Pa., Nov. 22. 1875; Bloomfield Theolog. 
School, Newark, N. J., 1901 ; lie. by Presbyt. of Baltimore; Canarsie, 

1901-1909; Athens, 1909-21; College Point, 1921 . S.C. CI. Green. 

Member Bd. Supt. N.B.S. Ph.D. Central Univ. 1919. 
Herman, Albert Benj.. b. Sebringville. Ontario. Canada. Sept. i. 1863; 
R.C. 87, N.B.S. 90, 1. CI. N.B.; Long Branch, 90-7, Mount Pleasant', 
Schenectady, N. Y., 1897-1915. 
Heroy, George Melanchton. b. Beacon, N. Y., 1878 . Mt. Hermon, Mass., 
1901, Drew Sem. 1913. 1. by M.E. Ch. 1910. Ord. M.E. Ch. (M.E. 

pastorates). Woodbourne (Fallsborgh), 1918-19; Boonton, 1919 

Herr, Louis T. N.B.S. 1877. 

Hess, Nicholas, b. Oct. 14, 1879. Rec'd from Primitive Methodist 1911, 
Gilboa and South Gilboa, 1911-13; Blue Mountain, 1913-15. Dis. to 
M.E. Ch. 1915. 
Hewling, George. S.S. Ephratah, 1861. 
Heyenga, Walter Jasper, b. Dec. 5, 1888, Germany. Mission House Col. 

1917. W.T.S. 1920. 1. by CI. P.P. 1920. Alexander, la., 1920— 
Heyer, Wm. S., b. in N.Y.C. 1798; C.C. 15, studied under Mason, 17-21. 
1. CI. N.Y. 21; supplied Philadelphia, 21, and Newburgh, 22, Fishkill 
Landing, 23-51, emeritus, 1862, d. 1866. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Heyser, H. C, from G.R. Ch. New Brooklyn, 1867. 

Hibma, Tiede, b. July 13. 1890, Sexbierum, Neth. H.C. 1917. N.B.S. 
W.T.S. 1920. Post Graduate P.S. 1920-21. 1. by CI. East Sioux 1920. 

Bejou, and Spring Creek, Minn., 1921 

Hicks, John D., b. Philadelphia, March 9, 1870. Ursinus C. and S. 1897. 
(Ger. Ref. Ass., Lancaster. Pa. St. Andrews', Lancaster, 1901. Grace, 
Altoona, Pa.. 1901-08, Tioga Ch., Philadelphia, 1908-12). Philadelphia, 
1st Ref.. 1912-17. d. May 20. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1918, 595. 
Hicks, W. W., from Methodist Ch. Lee Avenue, Brooklyn, 1867-8. 

Publications: "Story of Ike Cottle," 1868. 
Hieber. Louis, b. Landsberg. Bavaria, June 19. 1863; R.C. 88-9, N.B.S. 92. 
1. CI. N.B.; Stuyvesant Falls. 92-3, New Hyde Park, 93-5, Blooming 
Grove, 95-7, Cuddebackville, 97-9, w. c. d. July 30, 1908. 
He renounced family ties and property to leave the Roman Catholic 
Church. He was a very modest man suffering much from ill health for sev- 
eral years before he died. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1909, 528. 
Higgins, Chs. W., "b. at Weston, in Somerset Co., N. J., Mar. 23. 1853; 
N.B.S. 77, 1. CI. N.B.; supplying Cherrytown, N. Y., 78-9, engaged in 
business and mission work, at Omaha. Neb. ; ord. by Presbyt. of Gun- 
nison (Synod of Colorado). 1898. Presbyterian. 

Hill, Alexander, Rotterdam. 1st, 1890 

Hill. Eugene, b. Rosendale, N. Y., Sept. 12. 1846; Ellenville Academv, 
63; in the army, 64-6; ord. CI. Kingston, May. 81, Bloomingdale, 81-3, 
Esopus, 83-6, Three Bridges. 86-91, Clarkstown, 91-7, Coxsackie, 1st. 

97-1901. Garfield, 1901 

Pum.iCATioxs: "Hist, of Coxsackie. ist Church." 
Hill, Wm. Bancroft, b. Colebrook. N. H., Feb. 17. 1857; Harvard. 79. 
U.S. 86. lie. Presb. Baltimore (North) 85; ord. CI. Greene. 86; Athens! 
86-90, Poughkeepsie. 2d, 1890-1902. Professor Biblical Literature, Vas- 
sar College 1902. Member Bd. F.M. Trustee R.C. 1912. of Am. Uni- 
versity. Cairo, of Fukien University and of Am. Indian Institute. S.S 
Pouglikeepsie, 1920. D.D. R.C. 1905. 



366 THE REFUKMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Publications: "Guide to Living Church," 1905. "Introduction to Life 

of Christ," 191 1. (Translated in Japanese). "Life of Christ," 1917. 

(Translated in Japanese and Chinese. "Gates Lectures on Missions," 1920. 

Hill, \Vm. J., b. in Ireland. N.B.S. 1872, lie. CI. Westchester; Miss, at 
]\Iillbrook, -ji, East New York, 75-82, Glenville, 2d, 82-4 (Presbyt.). 
d. Sept. 9, 1904. 

Hillmann. Alex. C. C.C. 1832, N.B.S. 1836. 1. CI. N. Y. 1836; Stone- 
house Plains, 1838-41, Vanderveer. 1841-2, Roxbury and Moresville, 
1843-5, Wurtsboro, 1846-9, Blue Mountain, 1852-8, w. c. Died 1876, 
Nov. 20. 

Himrod, John S., b. Dec. 10, 1813; R.C. 39, N.B.S. 4^. 1- CI. Albany; Hills- 
dale, 42-3, Claverack, 2d, 45-51, S.S. South Bushwick. 51-3, South 
Bushwick, 53-9, Greenport, 61-82, d. Nov. 20, 1883. 
He was preeminently a good man and thus eminently successful. — See 

Manual, 1902. 

Publications : "Address at Funeral of Rev. Edwin Holmes," 1874. 

Hinds, Herbert Calvin, Schenectady, 2d, 87-91. 

Hinkamp, Paul Eugene, b. Oct. 30, 1885, Milwaukee, Wis. H.C. 1907. 
Teaching Wis. Memorial Academy, 1907-08. Principal, 1908-11. Mc- 
Cormick Sem. 1914. 1. by Pres. Milwaukee. (Pres. Sheboygan, Wis., 
1915-18). Prof. Philosophy and Biblical Literature Hope College, 1918. 

Hitchcock, Edward Wm., b. Homer, N. Y., May i, 1833; Y.C. 57; Aub. 
Sem. 60, ord. by S. CI. N.Y., Aug. 8, 60; Tompkinsville, S. I., 60-6, 
New York 14th st. Presb., 66-72, Am. Chapel, Paris, 72-83 and beyond. 
Died, Sept. 19, 1901. 

Hock. Frederic W., b. Kassel, Germany, Dec. 30, 1868. Muehlhausen Gym. 
1888. Bloomfield Sem. 1893. 1. by Pres. of Jersey City 1893. New- 
town 2d (Ger. ), 1S93-6. (Central Ave. Pres., Newark, 1896 ). 

Ass. Prof. Modern Languages, Stevens Institute 1905 . PhD. N.Y.U. 

1907. 
Publications : Numerous scientific translations. 

Hock, George Carl (son of Frederick W. Hock), b. Newtown, L. I., Sept. 
13, 1894. RC. N.B.S. 1920. 1. by CI. N.B. Stuyvesant, N.Y., 
1920 

Hodson, Joseph Merlin, Fordham, 1894 

Hoekje, lohn, b. at Hellendoorn, Netherlands, 1846; H.C. 75, H.S. and 
N.B.S, 78, 1. CI. Holland; Rotterdam, Kan., 1878-91, Fremont, Mich., 
1891-1908. Holland, Mich. Gilderland, S.S., 1908-09. Retired on 
account of ill health. 

Hoekje, Willis Gilbert (son of Rev. John Hoekje), b. Jewel Co., Kansas, 
July 3, 1883. H.C. 1904. \V.T.S. 1907. 1. by CI. G.R. Missionary to 
Japan, 1907 . Acting Principal Steele Academy, 1913-14. 

Hoes, John Cantine Farrell, b. Middleburg, N. Y., July 13, 1811 ; A.C. 2,2^ 
P.S. 35, lie. by Presbyt. New Brunswick, 34; ord. by CI. of Cayuga, 
Apx. 22, 36 ; Chittenango, 36-7, Ithaca, 37-45, Kingston, 45-67, resigned, 
supplied churches frequentlv. D.D. bv U.C. 1852. Died Feb. 9, 1883. 
Pres. Bd. of Sup. N.B.S. 1867. Life Director Am. Tract Soc. 1839-1883. 
Am. Bible Soc. 1854-1883. 
See Manual, 1902. 
He was a very able minister of the Gospel. His work was crowned with 

large success and his memorv was precious. 

Hoff, Brogun, b. at Harlingcii, 1794; QC. 15, N.B.S. 18, 1. CI. N.B. ; Phila- 
delphia, 2d (Eighth St.) 18-24, (Bridgeton, N. J., Presb. 24-33, Bath, 
La., 33-5), Leeds and Kiskatom, 35-42, Rhinebeck, 42-50, Germantown, 
N, Y., 50-5, d. See Manual of 1879. 

Hoffman, Abraham, b. at Shawangunk, 1780; studied under Froeligh and 
Livingston, 1. CI. Paramus, 1808; Courtlandtown, 1808-30, also Miss, 
to Wawarsing, Dec. 28-Feb. 29, Cato, 31-43, d. 1856. 

Hoffman, Benj.. b. Overisel, Mich., Jan. 17, 1871 ; H.C. 95, W.S. 98, 1. CL 



THE MINISTRY 367 

Grand River, Spring Lake, Mich., 1898-1902, Grand Rapids, 5th, 1902-12, 
Zeeland, 2d, 1912 

Hoffman, James Edward, b. Overisel, Mich., July 24, 1893. H.C. 1917. 
N.B.S. 1920. 1. by CI. N.B. Hasbrouck Heights, N. J., 1920— — 

Hoffman, James JuHus, b. Oostburg, Mich. H.C. Western Reserve Univ. 
Columbia Univ. 1903. U.S. 1906. 1. by CI. Rochester, 1906. Buck 
Creek, Okl., 1907; Prairie Home, Ok!., 1907; Arapahoe, Okl., 1907-11; 

Raritan, N. J., 3d, 1912-14; (Presbyterian 1914 ; Gloversville, 

N. Y., 1917-21 ; Watertown, N. Y., 1921 ). 

Hoffman, John, b. at Holland, Mich., Feb. 28, 1849; H.C. 1871, W.Th.S. 
1874, lie. CI. Holland; Oostburg, 1874-81 (Presbyt. ; Baldwin, Wis., 
81-87), Abbe ch. Clymer, N. Y., 87-93, Sayville, L. I., 93-99, Cleveland, 
O.. 1899-1908, Sully, la., Bethany, 1908-11. Rotterdam, Kan., 191 1-20. 
Retired. 

Hoffman, Milton J., b. Jan. 31, 1886, Overisel, Mich. H.C. 1909. W.T.S. 
1914. 1. and ord. by CI. Pella 1918. No pastorates. Head Latin Dept. 

H.C. 1913-17. President Central College 1917 . D.D. by H.C. 1917. 

Publications: Articles in Educational Magazines, etc. 

Hoffman, Wm. H., b. at Flemington, N. J., May 13, 1849; R.C. 72, N.B.S. 
75, lie. CI. Raritan; Wilcox, Pa., 75-7, Pottersville, N. J.. 78-83 
(Presbyt.). 

Hoffs, Harry, b. Alton, Li., July 5, 1890. H.C. 1914. W.T.S. 1917. 1. by 
CI. Iowa. Sibley, la., and Bigelow, Minn., 1917-1919. Coopersvillc, 

Mich, 1919 . Took New International $500 first prize essay among 

Sem. students. 

Hogan, Jasper Samuel, b. Guilderland Centre, N. Y., Oct. 10, 1867; R.C. 
91, N.B.S. 94, 1. CI. Schenectady; Glen, N. Y., 94-6, Pompton Plains, 
1896-1903, Jersey Cit)', LaFayette, 1902-12, New Brunswick, ist, 

1912 . Pres. P.S. N.B. 1914. Vice-Pres. Gen. Svn. S.C. Bd. of 

Supt. N.B.S. 1912 -. D.D. R.C. 1915- 

PuBLiCATioxs : "Centennial Hist, of Refd. Ch. of Glen, N. Y." Histor- 
ical and occasional sermons. 

Hogan, Orville J. Indian Fields, N. Y., April 4, 1861. N.B.S. 1893, lie. 
CI. N.B.; Rocky Hill, 1893-8, St. Johnsville, 1898-1909, Closter, 
1909 

Hogan, Robert James, b. Guilderland, N. Y.. Aug. 11. 1865; R.C. 91, 
N.B.S. 94, 1. CI. Schenectady; Buskirks, N. Y., 94-7, Bellevue, Schenec- 
tady, 1897-1915. Acting Pastor ist Pres. Ch., Gloversville, 1917-18. 
S.S. Pres. Ch., Mayfield, 1920-21. 

Hogeboom, Simon M., b. Haamstede, Neth., June 7, 1858. H.C. 84. W.T.S. 
87. 1. by Geneva 87. Marion Centre, 1887-90, Cleveland, ist, 90-9, 
Ontario Centre, N. Y., 1899-1904. S.S. Kalamazoo, 4th, 1903-04. S.S. 
N. Y. Mills, 1904-05, Pultneyville, N. Y., 1905-08, Arcadia, N. Y., 1908- 
17, Sodus, N. Y., 1917-20, Cleveland, ist, 1920 . 

Holden, Louis H., b. Aug. 7. 1873. Newark. N. J. Y.C. 1895. A.M. Col. 
Univ. 1897. U.S. 1898. 1. by Pres. of Newark 1898 (Pres. Assist., 
Onedia, N. Y.. 1898-9. Cong. Assist. Waterbury, Conn., 1900-1904). 
Utica, X. Y., 1904-21. New Brunswick, 2d, 1921 . Ph.D. Y.C. 1903. 

HoUebrands, James John, b. Pella, la., March 11, 1878. Central Univ. 1904. 
W.T.S. 1907. 1. by CI. Pella, 1907. Bethel, Leota, Wis., 1907-10, 
Waupun, Wis., 1910-18, Kalamazoo, ist, 1918 — — . S.C. CI. Wis. 

Holmes. lulwin, b. at Sali.sbury, Ct., July 17, 1797; U.C. 1822, Prin. Dutch- 
ess Academy, 1822-5, studied theology with Dr. C. C. Cuyler and at 
N.B.S. 1827; lie. CI. Poughkeepsie ; Linlithgo, 1827-35, Albany, 3d, 
1835-.41. Athens, 1841-2, Nassau, 1842-51, Chatham, 1853-9, w. c. Died, 
1873, Nov. 23 . 
The intimacy of years revealed more and more the beauty of his Chris- 
tian spirit and his steadfast devotion to the supreme heartwork of his 

consecrated life. Through a period of about forty-six years he performed 



368 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

the duties of the pastorate in almost a single region, so that he was all 
that while quite before the eyes of the same people in their successive gen- 
erations. From every church he served there was given him the like tribute 
of love and gratitude for the gentle yet firm, cheerful yet courageous service 
he uniformly rendered. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "A Sermon Preached at the Funeral of Rev. Peter S. 
W-ynkoop," 1848. "The Present Mysteries and Future Developments of 
Providence" ; a discourse delivered at the funeral of Francis H. Rathbone, 
Esq., 1855. "The Vindications of Providence"; a sermon preached at 
Chatham, N. Y., at the funeral of Staats D. Tompkins, Esq., 1867. 
Holmes, John McC. (son of Edwin Holmes) ; b. Livingston, N. Y., Jan. 
22. 1834; W.C. 53, N.B.S. 57, 1. CI. of Rensselaer; East Williams- 
burgh, 57-9, Lee Avenue, Brooklyn, 59-64, Hudson, 65-77 (Albany, 
State St. Presbyt. 77-1898, w. c.) d. June 21, 1911. Pres. Gen. Syn. 
1876. Trustee Auburn Sem. 1886-1900. Director U.T.S. N.Y.C. 1888- 

90. D.D. R.C. 1870. 
Publications: See Manual, 1902. 

Hondelink, Garret, b. Grand Rapids, April 11, 1876. H.C. 1900. N.B.S. 
1903. 1. by CI. G.R. Missionary to Japan, 1903-08. Kalamazoo, North 
Park, 1909-12; Mu.skegon, 2d, 1912-18; Rochester, N. Y., ist, 1918. 
Publications : Articles for Int. and Leader. 

Honegger, Henry, b. near Zurich, Switzerland, July 27, 1870. Educated in 
Switzerland. In Class* 1904, R.C. N.B.S. 1907. 1. by CI. Passaic. 
Missionary to India, 1907-14. d. July 18. 
He was by profession a silk weaver but his passion for the Gospel drove 

him into the mission field. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1915, 593. 

Hones, Julius, from Evang. Miss. Assoc, Berlin, 1854; Jeffersonvile, 54-8; 
S.S. New Brunswick, 3d, 58-60, w. c. 1860-76; Jamaica, Ger. Evang. 
76. 1880, d. Oct. 17. 

Hones, L. W., 1892-3. 

Hoonte, Teunis H., b. Neth., 1833. 1. in Holland as evangelist. Ordained by 
CI. Paramus. Lodi (Hoi.), 1896-1909. d. Dec. 8. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1910, 823. 

Hooper, J. F., Blue Mountain, 1883-4. 

Hoover, D. S., b. Easton, Pa., Jan. 29, 1867. Gettysburg C. 1889, and Get- 
tysburg Sem. 1892. (Lutheran and Presbyterian Chs., 1892-1904). 
Piermont, N. Y., 1905. d. Dec. 17. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1906, 598. 

Hopf, Paul H. Pres. 1909. Far Rockaway (Gr. Evangelical), 1909-15. 
Pres. 1915 

Hopkins, David. U.S. 1868. 1. CI. N.Y. 1868, ord. by Presbyt. See "Union 
Sem. Gen. Cat.," 1876. 

Hopkins, F. E. Bedford, Brooklyn, 1 880-1. 

Hopkins, Jay D., b. Norwich, N. Y., June 9, i860. High School. 1. by Pres. 
of Columbus. Engaged in Evangelistic and S.S. work, 1916-21. (Wind- 
ham. N.Y., .1919-20.) Prattsville, N.Y., 1921 

Hopper, Abram Whittaker, b. Spring \'alley. N. Y., Feb. 4, 1867; R.C. 

91, N.B.S. 94, 1. CI. N. Y.; Stuyvesant Falls, 94-99, Rensselaer, 1899- 
1903, New Durham, N. J., Ass., 1903-07. S.S. Secaucus, 1904, West 

New York, N. J., 1903 . S.C. CI. Palisades. Ph.D. Taylor Univ., 

1902. 

Hopper. Samuel J. R.C. 1841. N.B.S. 1841-2. d. 1842. 

Horton, Francis A., b. Philmont, N. Y., 1844. R.C. 1862. N.B.S. 65, 1. CI. 
Hudson; Glenham, 65-7, Catskill, 67-/3- (Presbyterian and Congre- 
gational Churches), d. April 19, 1903. Pres. Bd. of Directors San 
Francisco Theo. Sem. D.D. Univ. of Wooster 1884. 



THE MINISTRY 369 

Hortsch, Herman W., b. Platte. Ger., Jan. 9, 1865. Blom. Acd. 1887. Blom. 
Sem. 1890. 1. by Pres. of West Jersey 1890. (Atlantic City, Ger. Pres., 
1890-91, Cincinnati, O., ist Ger., 1891-1901. Supt. of Deaconess Home 
and Hospital, 1901-07. Prof, of Latin Language and Literature Dubuque 
Univ., 1907-11. Elizabeth, N. J., Ger. Pres.. 1911-17). Bethel, Ret., 

Davis, S. D., 1917-21. (Pres., German, Avon, S. D., 1921 ). Editor 

of Monthly Friend for Poor and Sick for 13 vears. 
Hosper.s. Gerrit H.. b. at Pella, la., Oct. 14, 1864; H.C. 84. W.S. 87. 1. 
CI. Holland; East Williamson. N. Y., 87-92. Muskegon, 2d, 92-4, Cleve- 
land, 2d, 1894-1905. Principal Cedar Grove Academy, 1905-1908. 
Ontario, N. Y., 1908—— 
Publications: "Beginselen van Separatie," 1897. "A Primer of Bible 
History," 1890. "The Reformed Doctrine of Justification." 1900. "The 
Book Divine," 1900. "Sacred History, in Questions and Answers," 1901. 
"Teaching of Scripture,'" 1904. "Relation of Ch. and State," 1912. "A 
Revival of Alodern Paganism," 1915. "Three Views of 2d Advent," 1915. 
"Calvinistic Character of Pre-Millennialism," 1915. "The Divine and Hu- 
man in Faith and Life," 1916. "Hist. Hartje Van de Zaak," 1921. 
Hospers, Henry, b. Pella, la.. Feb. 15. 1869. H.C. 1890, N.B.S. 93; Abbe 
ch. Clymer, N. Y., 93-97; Gibbsville, Wis., 97-9, Englewood, Chicago. 
1900-IQ05. Roseland, ist, 1905-09, Kalamazoo, 2d, 1909-10, Grand Rap- 
ids, 2d. 1910-18. Prof. O. T. Languages and Literature in W.T.S.. 

1918 . D.D. by H.C. 

Hospers. Henry O.. b. Clymer. N. Y., 1894. H.C. 1916. \\'.T.S. 1920. 

P.G. P.S. 1921. 1. by CI. Michigan, 1920. Utica, N. Y., 1921 

Hotaling, Burton J., b. Schenectady, N. Y., March 28, 1879. R.C. 1903. 
N.B.S. 1906. 1. by CI. Albany. Bethlehem ist, 1906-09, Albany 3d, 
1909-17. S.C. CI. Albany. Supt. Onondaga Orphan House, Syracuse, 

N. Y., 1917 

Hotaling, Henry Kilmer, b. ^Saugerties, N. Y., Nov. 28, 1889. R.C. 1912. 
N.B.S. 1915. 1. by CI.' Albany. Blawenbergh, 1915-19, Centreville, 

Athcnia, N. J., 1919-21, Clarkstown, West Nyack, N. Y., 1921 . 

Y.M.C.A. work 1918. 
Houbolt, W. A. Theolog. School of Kampen, Netherslands, 1858, 1. CI. 
Holland, Mich., 59, Grand Rapids. 59-60, Albany (Holland Ch.) 61-4, 
Muskegon, 64-71, Albany (Holland Ch.) 71-3, Paterson, 6th, T2>-7, 
went to Netherlands; returned to America, 78; Paterson (Union Ch.) 
78-1879, went to Holland. 
Houdin, Michael, b. in France, 1705. He was received into Ch. of England. 
1749; Miss, at Trenton, N. J., 1753-60, New Rochelle, N. Y., 1760-8. 
died. Oct. 
He was originally a Franciscan friar, in Montreal, but married and came 
to New York, where he ultimately took the oath of allegiance. He may 
have officiated in the French Ch. of N. Y. C. occasionally. He is said to 
have been chaplain in the British army under Wolfe, at the siege of Quebec, 
1759-60. Nov. I, 1750, he writes that he had been invited by the people of 
Trenton, Allentown and Burlington to reside among them. On Feb. i, 
1762, he, with Jac. Bleecker. Jas. de Bley. David Lispenard. wardens; Is. 
Guion, Jr., Elias Guion, Is. Guion (Sr. ?), Peter Bertain. John Soulice, ves- 
trvmen ; petitioned for a Patent of Incorporation for French Church at New 
Rochelle. "Doc. Hist.," 578. "Di.x's Trinity Ch.." 251. See "Wal- 
dron." 36; "Hall's Hist. Presbvt. Ch., Trenton," pp. 105-7. 
House, Isaac E.. N.B.S. 1879; Hoboken, ist, 80-1887. 

How, Samuel Blanchard. b. Oct. 14, 1790, in Burlington. N. J.; U. Pa. 
18 10, P.S. 1 8 13, ord. by Presb. of Philadelphia, 1813; Salisbury, N. J., 
1813-6; Trenton, 1816-21 ; New Brunswick, 1821-3. all Presbyt. ; Savan- 
nah, Ga., independent ch. 1823-30; Miss, in New York City, North st. 
1830; President of Dickinson Coll. 1830-1. New Brunswick, ist, 1832- 



370 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

6i. d. Mar. i, 1868. Elected a trustee of Rutgers Coll. 1830; D.D. by 
U.C. 1830. 
He was in all respects, whether in theology, politics, or in manners, an 
old-school man. He venerated the past, and looked upon all change as 
revolutionary. Circumstances had added to his theological opinions great 
positiveness. New-school doctrines filled his soul with abhorrence and 
alarm. He resisted them with all his learning and with all his might, even 
to the last. In sermons, conversations, and articles for the press, he warned 
against them. 

He unfortunately took a wrong position in regard to slavery. He was 
in manners a gentleman and faithful to all his duties. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Ser. in 2d R.D.C. Somerville, 1835. "The Gospel Min- 
istry," New Brunswick, 1838. "Tribute of Filial Affection"; on death of 
Mrs. Jane Kirkpatrick, 1851. "Perpetual Abode of the Holy Spirit in the 
Church; and Filial Duty"; two sermons. New Brunswick, 1851. "Slave- 
holding not Sinful"; an argument before Gen. Synod, 1855. (See Ganse's 
reply.) Funeral ser. on death of Rev. Dr. J. J. Janeway, 1858. Funeral ser. 
on death of Hon. Littleton Kirkpatrick, 1859. See Memorial. Funeral 
ser. on death of Mrs. Mary Jenkins, New Brunswick, i860. 
Howard, John R. N.B.S. 1918. 1. by CI. N.B. 1918. Stuyvesant Falls, N. Y., 

1918-20; Secaucus, N. J., 1920 

Howland, Samuel Whittlesey, b. Jaffna, Ceylon, Mar. 4, 1848; A.C. 70, 

U.S. 72,, ord. bv Cortgs. ; Miss, to Jaffna, 73-97, Pres. Jaffna Coll. 73-97, 

Prof, of Theology, do., 89-92, Vermilye Chapel, N.Y.C., 1897-1900. 

D.D. by A.C. 1890. 

Hoyt, Alexander Stevenson. U. Col. 1864. P.S. 68. Greenwich, N. Y., 

1868-71. (Pres. Ballston Centre, N. Y.). d. 1888. 
Hoyt, Jas. Howard, b. Saratoga, N. Y., July 13, 1847; U.C. 73; U.S. 
76; . . . . Greenburgh, 76-79 (Presbyt.). See "U.S. Cat." 

Hoyt, J. W. 1. by CI. Westchester 1902. Pres. 1905 

Huenemann, Henry, b. Norwood, Minn., April 8, 1875. H.C. 1900. W.T.S. 
1903. 1. by CI. P.P. 1903. Cromwell Center, la., 1903-10; Lennox, 

2d, S. D., 1910 . S.C. CI. Germania. 

Publications: Der. Mitarbeiter. 
Huenemann, Jacob, b. Werthhausen. Germany, May 22, 1867; Mission 
House College, Franklin, Wis., 87, Miss. House Sem. 90, lie. and ord. 
by Ger. Refd. Ch. (La Crosse, Wis., 90-3, Ger. Ch.) ; German Valley, 
la., 93-1898 (Independent; Menno, S. D., 99-1901, d. Apr. 30.) 
Huibregtse, Edward, b. Oostburg, Wis., Dec. 27, 1888. H.C. 1910. W.T.S. 
1914. 1. by CI. Wis. 1914. Eddyville, la., 1914-17; New Sharon, la., 

1917-19; Grand Rapids, Fairview, 1920 

Huiser, John. Chicago, Northwestern, S.S., 1918; Wanaque, N. J. (S.S.), 

1919-1921. (Glassboro, N. J., 1921 ). 

Huizinga, Abel H., b. Kalamazoo, Mich., Aug. 18, 1859; H.C. 80, N.B.S. 
83, 1. CI. Holland ; studied Philology in Johns-Hopkins University, Bal- 
timore, Md., 83-6; New Paltz, 86-94, adjunct Prof. O. T. Lit. and 
Exegesis, McCormick Th. Sem. Chicago, 94-6, Fishkill, 1896-1905. d. 
Sept. II. Instructor O. T. languages and Exegesis N.B.S. 1902-03. 
Dr. Huizinga was endowed with rare intellectual gifts and improved them 
to the uttermost. He was a diligent student, instructor, preacher and faith- 
ful pastor. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1906, 599. Pli.D. Johns-Hopkins 1890. 

Publications: Many articles in Biblical and kindred subjects in the Eng- 
lish and Dutch press. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Huizinga, Henrv, b. Tan. 8, 1873, at New Groningen, Mich.; H.C. 93, W.S. 
96, lie. and 'ord. CI. Mich., May 26, 96; sailed for India, June 10, 96; 
miss, in India ; in fall of 1899 became a Baptist. 
Huizinga, John, b. Kollum, Vriesland, Netherlands, Mar. 12, 1841 ; H.C 



THE MINISTRY 371 

67, H.S. 70. lie. CI. Holland ; Mattoax and Amelia Courthouse, Va., 
70-6, Holland, ist, Nebraska, 76-91, Rock Valley, la., 1891-1904. Class- 
ical Missionary. CI. Iowa, 1904-12. w. c. d. Jan. 24, 1916. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 191 6, 936. 
Hulbert, Palmer S., b. Nova Scotia, 1849; Wabash Coll. 76, Aub. Sem. 79; 
(Waverly, N. Y., 79-82. Fremont, Neb., 1882.) Assist. Collegiate Ch., 
N.Y.C. 29th St., 92-4 (Chicago, 1894.) 
Hulbert, Victor Moreau, b. at Nassau, N. ¥., Nov. 22, 1813; R.C. 39, 
N.B.S. 42, 1. CI. L.I. Aug. ist; ord. CI. N. Y. Jan. 4, 1843; Greenville 
and Yonkers, 42-45, Yonkers, 45-48, Flatbush (Ulster Co.) 48-52, Yon- 
kers, 52-65, White Plains, 65-72, Marbletown, 72-83, w. c. Died, Jan. 
7. 1892. D.D. by R.C. 1867. 
He was a man of fine presence and rare humor. His ministry within the 
church was interesting, and he extended his influence far beyond its bounds. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Hulst, George Durvea, b. Brooklyn, N. Y., Mar. 9. 1846; R.C. 66. N.B.S. 
69, 1. N. CI. L.I. ; South Bushwick. 69-1900, d. Nov. 5. Ph.D. bv R.C. 
1801. 
He had but a single charge during the thirty-one years of his ministry. 
To it he gave all that a happy, hopeful spirit, a pure and lofty soul, an in- 
quiring, scholarly mind, a Christ-loving heart, and a consecrated life could 
give. He was a faithful and devoted pastor, an eloquent preacher, clear 
in his convictions of truth and earnest in the advocacy of them. Nor was 
his ministry limited by the bounds of his own parish. It was potent for 
good in a wide district of Brooklyn. He possessed a unique personality. 
His religion was most natural, wholly free from cant. He was in touch 
with life and all its activities. With his independent spirit, and critical 
mind, he thought for himself. He was an observing and interested student 
of Nature, and loved to roam the woods and hills. From the life that 
nestled on the earth, or flitted through the air. he read lessons of divine 
wisdom and love, so that many were taught by him to "look up from 
Nature to Nature's God." and to that Redeemer who loved the fowls of 
the air and the lilies of the field. He was an authority on entomology and 
botany. In the former science he did much original work, and published 
the results of his investigations in several journals. For a time, he was 
State entomologist of New Jersey, and was acting professor of entomology 
at Rutgers College. He declined a professorship at Rutgers about 1891, as 
he preferred to remain in the pastorate. He was a member of the Depart- 
ment of Botany of the Brooklyn Institute, and was President of that branch 
of the Institute work at his death. In 1880 he was elected a member of the 
American Association for the Advancement of Science, and in 1888 a 
Fellow of the same. See also "Biog. Notices R.C. Grads.," 1901, 15. 

Publications: For a list of his very numerous publications on entomol- 
ogv. etc.. see Alanual. 1Q02. 
Hulst. George D.. b. Brooklyn. N. Y.. Feb. 17. 1885. Will. Coll. 1906. 

U.S. 1910. 1. by CI. N. L. I. 1910. Montclair Heights. 1910 . 

Hulst. Lambert J., b. 1825 in the Netherlands; Danforth. 111.. 1874-6, 
Grand Rapids, 4th, 76-1881 ; joined the Christian Refd. Ch. See "Ch. 
Int.," 1881, Oct. 19. 
Humperslv, G. W.. S.S. Cicero. N. Y.. 1863-=;. 

Hume, Jas. C, b. Fair Hill. Md.. Feb. 28. 1850; C.N.J, tj. P.S. 80; ord. 
as an Evangelist bv Presbvt. of Westminster. 80 (Lancaster. Pa.. 80-2, 
Fair Hill, Md.. 83, Babylon, L. I., 84-8. Fair Hill. 89, Northport, 
N. Y., 90-1); Ridgewood, L. I., 94, St. Thomas. W. I.. 97-9. Bush- 
wick.' 1901-1902, w. c. 1902-15. Presbyterian 1915. 
Hundhausen. Ernest, b. Germanv. N.B.S. 1882-^. 

Hunt. Christopher, b. at Tarrytown. 18—: R.C. 27, N.B.S. 30. 1. CI. N.Y. ; 
Clark.stown. .^0-2. Nassau. Z^-'J, N.Y.C. Franklin st. 37-1839, d. See 
Manual of 1879. 



372 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Hunter, David Moore, b. N.Y.C.. July ii. 1856; Coll. of City of N. Y. 
77, U.S. 80, 1. Presb. of N. Y. ; ord. Presb. of Albany, 80 (Broadalbin, 
N. Y. 80-2, Salem. N. Y., 82-8, Littleton, Coll., 88-91 ) ; Mellenville, 
92-9, assist. Poughkeepsie, 2d, 99-1902, Saugerties, 1902-1910. 

Hunter, Geo. McPherson, b. Glasgow, Scotland, Sept. 19, 1869; Glas- 
gow Univer. ; N.B.S. 1901, lie. CI. N.B. ; Rochelle Park, N. J., 1901- 
1904, Secretary Seamen's Friend Society 1904. 
Publication : "The Acts of the Apostles of the Sea." 

Hunter, James B., b. at Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland, April 5, 1863 ; C.N.J. 89, 
U.S. 92, 1. Presbyt. N. Y. ; (Presbyt. ; Grace Chapel in N.Y.C., 92-96, 
assistant. West End, N.Y.C., 96-98) ; Anderson Memorial (Belmont), 

1898-1908. Missionary, Tulsa, Okl., 1908. Jersey City, Faith, 1909 . 

Editor of Christian Intelligencer 1920 . S.C. CI. N.Y. 1903-08. 

S.C. S. CI. Bergen 1914 

Publications : Editorial work on "Brotherhood Star," "Church Econo- 
mist" and "Evangelist." Many articles, etc., in the Intelligencer. 

Huntington, Henry S., b. Camden, N. Y., 1828; C.N.J. 1850; And. Sem. 
and P.S. 54; Owasco Outlet, 70-1871. For other details, see "P. Sem. 
Cat." 

Husted. C. F. W. Detroit, ]\Iich., Bethel, 1898-1901. Dis. to R.C. U.S.A. 
1901. 

Hutchings, DeWitt V., b. Orange. N. J., Aug. 18, 1879. P.C. 1901. N.B.S. 
1902-03. U.S. 1903-04. Balliol C. Oxford, 1905-07. Presbyterian. 

Hutchins, John, b. Portslnouth, England, June 20, 1848; Univ. Wisconsin, 
1873; West Th. Sem., Allegheny, 1873-5. U.T.S. 1875-6; ord. CI. West- 
chester, Nov. 28, 1876; Bronxville. 76-82. Ellenville, 82-7, Brighton 
Heights, 87-92, Middle Collegiate, N.Y.C., 92-5 (Cong.; Litchfield, 
Ct.. 1895-1915. d. Feb. 20. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1915, 604. 

Hutchins, Robert G., b. April 25, 1838, Danielson, Conn. W.C. 1861. A.S. 
64. 1. by Cong. Ch. (Bedford. Brooklyn, 1865-72. Columbus, O., 72-82. 
Minneapolis, Minn., 82-86. Oberlin, O., 86-88. Los Angeles, Cal., 
88-94. Honolulu, 94-5. Fostoria, O., 1895-1902.) Brooklyn, Kent St., 
1905-10. (Garrettsville, O., 1911-16. Oberlin, O., 1916-19. Berea, 
Ky., 1919-21.) d. Nov. 30. D.D. by Marietta Col. 

Hutchinson, J. N. Norwood Park, Chicago, 1897-9. 

Hutchinson, Stuart N. Newark, ist, 1906-10. (Pres., Norfolk, Va., ist.). 

Hutton, Alfred John. b. Brunswick, N. Y., June 20, 1842; Wms. Coll. 66. 
Aub. Sem. 71. 1. Presbyt. Cayuga, 70; West Troy, 71-9 (Cortlandt, 
79-81), Brooklyn Heights, 81-7 (Rochester, N. Y., St. Peter's, 87-95. 
Corning, N. Y., 1895 . D.D. Wms. Col. 1893. 

Hutton, Mancius Holmes (son of Mancius S. Hutton), b. N.Y.C., Oct. 
13, 1837; U.N.Y. 57. U.S. 57-9. N.B.S. 59-60, U.S. Post-grad. 60-1. 
lie. CI. N. Y. 60; Mt. Vernon, N. Y., 64-79, New Brunswick, 2d, 
1879-1907. Emeritus, d. Dec. 19, 1909. D.D. by R.C. 1879. Pres. Gen. 
Synod, 1888. Pres. Bd. F.M. 1896-1909. Instructor Hellenistic Greek 
and Exegesis N.B.S. 1907. 
Dr. Hutton was one of the most active, influential and useful ministers 

of the Reformed Church. He was a trusted servant of God, a scholar and 

a man of eminent service to the Denomination. He was also a great 

preacher. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1910, 823. 

Publications: "Memorial Pamphlets." Articles in Reviews, Periodi- 
cals and Papers. "Charge to Prof. Jas. F. Riggs," 1892. "Semi-Centen- 

nial of Second Church of New Brunswick, N. J., 1892. 

Hutton, Mancius Smedes (great grandson of Rev. G. W. Mancius), b. 
at Troy, N. Y., June 9, 1803; C.C. 23. P.S. 26, lie. by 2d Presbyt. 
New York, 26; Missionarv at Wawarsing. 27-8, ord. by Presbyt. of 
Newton, Nov. 25. 28 (German Valley and Fox Hill, N. J., 28-34) ; 



THE MINISTRY 373 

N.Y.C., South Church (Colleague of Rev. Dr. J. M. Matthews), 34- 
43; sole pastor, 37-76. Died April 11, 1880. D.D. by C.C. 1841. 
Dr. Hutton's life had few changes and it was singularly happy. He was 
brought up in the Garden St. Ch., N.Y.C., under the distinguished Dr. 
Matthews. 

After six happy years in the pastorate of the Presbyterian Church of 
German Valley, N. J.. Dr. Hutton was called to become the colleague of 
his former pastor. Dr. Matthews. 

Thenceforward to the end his career was in that city. In 1835 the 
church edifice perished in the "(ireat Fire." and the congregation shortly 
afterward divided, part building on Murray Street and part on Wash- 
ington ."Square, the two pastors choosing to accompany the latter. The 
financial difficulties encountered proved heavy, and two pastors seemed 
more than the struggling organization could support. Under these circum- 
stances. Dr. Hutton felt it was his duty, as junior colleague, to resign. But 
before he could find another settlement, Dr. Matthews, finding his duties 
as Chancellor of the New York University growing upon him, also re- 
signed. Whereupon the congregation recalled Dr. Hutton, who was thus 
three times installed over virtually the same people. Thereafter he re- 
mained sole pastor until the church disbanded in 1876. owing to the moving 
away of the class of population in that quarters whose needs were met 
bv such a church. 

'During all these years Dr. Hutton devoted himself to his spiritual office, 
seldom turning to other than his ministerial functions. He was one of the 
best known and loved pastors of his time in New York City. 

See Dr. T. W. Chambers' "Commemorative Discourse," 1880, Manual, 
1902. 

Publications: A sermon before the Am. S.S. Union, 1851, "The Death 
of Christ;" "National Preacher," 1852. "The Rejected Offering;" before 
N. Y. and Brooklyn Foreign Miss. Soc, 1853. "Spiritual Worship;" pul- 
pit repository, 1856. "C(5ming to Christ," 1858; address at the opening of 
Hope College, 1866. Oration: "The Founders of the Nation," 1876. "His- 
torical Discourse," 1877. 
Huyler, P. Edwin, Pres. 1905, Syracuse, 2d, 1905-14, Rhinebeck 1914-19, 

(Cong. Hawaii 1919 ). 

Huvssoon, Jas., b. in Netherlands, March 16, 1823; c. to America 46, N.B.S. 
'59, lie. CI. N.B.; Lodi. N. J. (Hoi.) 59-64, S.S. at Paterson, 59-64; 
pastor, Paterson, 64-5, Drenthe, Mich., 65-6, Polkton, 66-8, Paterson, 
1st. Holland. Ch.. 68-1892. emeritus. Died, July 3 1894. "Mints. Gen. 
Svn.," 1895, 208. 
Huyzer, Garret. Pella, 2d. la., 1883-5, Fairview, 111., 85-1888. 
Hvde, Oren, S.S. Cicero 1839. 

Hvndshaw, Jas. B., b. 1801, at Stewartsville, N. J.; C.N.J. 1820, P.S. 24; 
Walpack, 36-9, Prin. Academy, Stroudsburgh, Pa., 1839-44. Died, 
1888. For other details, see "P.S. Gen. Cat." 
Hvnson, Nathan Dushane, b. Baltimore, Md., Dec. 9, 1865; Johns Hop. U. 
88-90; U.T.S. 93; ord. by Presbvt. Alonmouth, 1893; assist, pastor 
Madison Ave., N.Y.C., 1892-3 (Presbvt. Manasquan, N. J., 1893—). 
See "U. S. Gen. Cat." 

Ihrman. Peter, b. in the Netherlands, April 8, 1859; H.C. 82. W.S. Sj, 

1. CI. Grand River; Waupun, Wis., 87-91, Marion, N. Y., 91-6, Grand 

Rai)ids, 8th, 96-9, Maurice, la.. 1899-1910. Marion, 2d, 1910-11. d. 

Sept. 16. 

Mr. Ihrman was much interested in church extension. For several years 

he was a member of the committee on Church Extension in the Classis of 

Iowa, and always had an eye open for new fields. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1912, 557. 
Ingalls. Wilson, b. at Andover, Mass., Mar. 25, 1809; U.C. 36, tutor in 



374 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

U.C. 36-7, studied theology at Andover and under Dr. Eliphalat Nott; 
S.S. Princetown, 38-9, Glenville, ist, 40-51. Owasco, 53-64 (supplied 
Broadalbin, 64-5, w. c, Blooming Grove, 67-77. Died, Oct. 11, 1889. 
See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1890, 191. 
Ingersoll, Edward Payson, b. in Lee, Berkshire Co., Mass., May 6, 1834; 
W.C. 55, A.S. 63, lie. Cong. Conf., Cleveland, O., 1862 (Sandu.«ky, ist, 
63-7, Indianapolis (Plymouth Ch.) Jan. ist, 68- Jan. 70) ; Brooklyn, 
Middle, Jan. 70-83. (Puritan Cong. Ch., Brooklyn, 83-92, St. Paul, 
Minn., Park st. 92-8, Immanuel Cong. Ch., Brooklyn, 98-1902. Sec. 

"Am. Bible Soc," 1902 ). 

Publications: "Bible in Pub. Schools," 1871. Sermons in the papers, 
"Thou Shalt Not Steal," in "111. Christian," Indianapolis, 1869. Thanks- 
giving sermon, 1876, at Lee, Mass., in "Lee Gleaner." Weekly articles in 
"Illustra. Chr." for six months, 1869. Six papers on "Bunyan's Pilgrim's 
Prog.," ditto, 1869. Letters from Europe, in "Ch. Intell.," 1873. Prayer- 
meetings, in "Ch. Weekly," 1876. Arts, in "Church Union," 1874, 1877. 
Ingham, John Albertson, b. Meriden, N. Y., Jan. 13, 1868; Syr. U. 86; 
U.T.S. 92; ord. by Presbyt. Syracuse, July 10, 1892; assist, pastor, 
Collegiate Ch.. N.Y.C., 1892-3. (Presbyt. Irvington-on-Hudson, 1894- 
1910). New Brunswick, 2d. 1910-20. Gen. Secretary Progress Cam- 
paign, 1920 — — . D.D. S. Univ. 1908. 
Publications: Pamphlet on Abraham Lincoln, 1902. Articles for press. 
Inglis, Rev. David (son of Rev. David Inglis), b. June 8, 1824; University 
of Edinburgh, 41, stiidied divinity under Dr. Chalmers and Dr. John 
Brown; lie. Presbyt. Carlisle, 45; came to America, 46; (Detroit, 
Scotch Ch., 46-7, S.S.. N.Y.C. Washington Heights. 47, Bedford, N.Y., 
47-52. Montreal (St. Gabriel St.) 52-5, Hamilton, Ont., 55-71, Prof, of 
Systematic Theology in Knox Coll., Toronto. 71-2) ; Brooklyn Heights, 
TZ-yj, d. Dec. 15. LL.D. by Olivet Coll., Mich.; D.D. by R.C. 1874. 
See Dr. Waters' admirable sketch of him in Manual of 1879. 
Publications: "Exposition of Internat. S.S. Lessons" in "Sower and 
Gospel Field," 1874-7. Hist. Ser. Commem. of the 25th Anniver. of the 
Church on the Heights, Brooklyn, 1875. Many contributions to the press. 
"Vedder Lectures" — in course of preparation at his death. 
Inglis, Thomas Edward, b. Hamilton, Ontario, Nov. 15, 1857; Univer. 
Toronto, 81, P.S. 84, 1. Presb. New Brunswick (S.S. ist Presb., Tren- 
ton, May-Aug., 84; Presb. Miss, to India, 84-92), Bergen Point, 92-7, 
Yonkers, 97-1901, w. c. d. Dec. 31, 1902. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1903, 517. 
Publications : India correspondent for the N. Y. Religious Press, Amer. 
cor. for the "Madras Christian College Magazine." "Higher Education 
in India, Christian and Governmental." 

lorizzo (Gaetano), b. May 4, 1884. Villanova del. Battista, Italy. Italian 
High School 1912. Bloomfield Sem. 1916-17. Colgate Univ. 1918. 1. 

by CI. N. Y. 1918. Hackensack, N. J., Italian, 1917 . Englewood, 

N. J., Italian, 1920 . 

Publications : Articles in Italian press. 
Irish, Edward B., b. Vischers Ferry, N. Y., Jan. 28, 1886. U.C. 1910. N.B.S. 
1913. 1. by CI. Schenectady 1913. Fultonville, N. Y., 1913-16. Church 
of Comforter, N.Y.C, 1916-18. Presbyterian 1919-21. Engaged in war 

service. Church of Comforter, N. Y. C, 1921 

Israel, George R., b. Egg Harbor, N. J., Nov. 12, i860. Military Academy, 
Nazareth, Pa., 1877. Moravian Theo. Sem. 1884. Moravian Mission- 
ary, 1884-6. Jamesville, Iowa, Pres., 1886-96; Ridgewood, L. I., 

1897 

Ivey, Robert. Pres. 1903. Owasco, N. Y., 1903-05. (Pres. King's Ferry, 
N. Y., 1905 ). Later South. 

Jackson, John Frelinghuysen (s. of W. Jackson), b. at Bergen, 1768; Q.C. 
1788, studied under Livingston, lie. by Synod of R.D. Chs, 1790; Har- 



THE MINISTRY 375 

lem and Phillipsburgh, 1792-1806, Fordham, 1819-36, d. See Man- 
ual, 1902. 

Jackson, William, b. 1732. studied under J. Frelinguysen and J. H. Goet- 

schius, lie. CI. Amsterdam, 1757; Bergen and Staten Island, 1757-89, 

emeritus, d. 1813. One of the original trustees of Q.C. A.M. by 

Univer. Utrecht; by C.C. 1761, by Y.C. 1763, by C.N.J. 1771. 

In the days of his power a field preacher second only to Whitefield. 

See Manual, 1902. 

Jackson, Wm. H., 1. by N.C. L.I. 1898, Bushwick 1898-1900, Oyster Bay 
1911 — , Windsor Terrace, S.S. 1912-13. 

Jacobellis, Eustace Francis, b. Faranto, Italy, April 3, 1879, came to 
America 1906, Bible Teachers' Training School N.Y.C. 191 1, ord. by 
CI. Palisades 1917, Italian Mission Grove Ref. Ch. Weehawken, N. J., 
1915-18, d. Nov. 14. See Min. Gen. Syn. 1919, 920. 

Jacobs, Christian Williams, b. at Elden, Gelderland, Netherlands, March 
^3. 1838. Educated in Holland, and served ditTerent churches there. 
Came to America, 1889. Passaic, 2d (Hoi.), 89-1891, d. April 18. 
Although pastor of the Dutch church of Passaic only about a year and a 

half, more than 100 families united by letter, and nearly 100 joined on pro- 
fession. Everything was flourishing, when the pastor died. "Mints. Gen. 

Syn.," 1891. 419. 

(Jacobs, F. H., North Chapel Col. Ch. N.Y.C. 1902-09.) 

Jacobs, Henry Christian, b. Alton, la., July 13, 1899, H.C. 1914, W.T.S. 
1917, 1. by CI. Iowa 1917, Albany, N. Y., 5th, 1917-19, Rochester, 
Brighten, N. Y., 1919-22, Zeeland, Mich., ist, 1922, S.C. CI. Albany, 
1917-19. 

Jacobs, Leonardus (s. of C. W. Jacobs), b. Armelo, Neth., Apr. 26, 1865, 
N.B.S. 1894-6. 

Jacobs, William Marinus Christian (s. of C. W. Jacobs), b. at Armelo, 
Netherlands, Sept. 18, 1863; c. to America, 89, N.B.S. 93, lie. by 
CI. of Paramus : Passaic (Hoi.), 93-1895, d. Sept. 23. See "Mints. 
Gen. Syn.," 1896, 489. 

Jaeger, Julius Paul, b. Stuttgart, Germanv, July 14, i860, Bloomfield Sem., 
1. by CI. N.Y. 1906, German Ref. 68th St., N.Y.C. 1906 

James, Woodbridge L., b. 1812; U.C. 39, Bangor Sem.; from Presbyt. of 
Utica ; Day, 49-52, Columbia, 54-5, Woodstock, 56-62, Home miss, in 
Missouri, 62-64. Died, Oct. 20, 1887. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1888. 678. 

Jameson, Chas. M., Mt. Pleasant, N.Y.C. 1852-62. 

Janeway, George J., b. New Brunswick, N. J., Oct. 29, 1874, R.C. 95, 
N.B.S. 95-7, P.S. 1899. 

Janeway, Henry L. (grandon of J. J. Janeway) ; b. Jersey City, N. J., 
Nov. 20, 1855 ; R.C. 75, N.B.S. 78, lie. CI. N.B. ; ord. as an evangelist 
by Presbyt. of Colorado, Oct. 78 (Leadville, Col., 78-9, Ouray, Col., 80, 
Williams'town, N. J., 81-95, all Presbyt.) ; w. c. 

Janeway, Jacob Jones, b. in N.Y.C, Nov. 20. 1774; C.C. 1794; studied 
under Livingston, 1. Gl. N.Y., Nov. 30, 1797; ordained by the Presbyt. 
Philadelphia, June 13, 1799; (Philadelphia, 2d Presbyt. 1798-1828; 
elected director in Princeton Theolog. School, 1813, also a trustee of 
Princeton Coll. 1813, Prof. Didac. Theol. in the Western Theolog. 
Sem. Allegheny, Pa., 1828-9) ; New Brunswick, 1830-1, elected a trus- 
tee of Rutgers Coll. 1830, supplied Orchard St., N.Y.C. 1831, Vice- 
Pres. of Rutgers Coll. and Prof. Bells Let., Evidences of Christianity 
and Polit. Economy, 1833-9 (returned to Presbyt. Ch. 1839, elected 
trustee of Coll. N. J. 1839, engaged in various labors in the general 
service of the Presbyt. Ch. in its For. and Domestic Mission Boards, 
and in the oversight of Theolog. and CoUeg. Institutions, 1839-58, d. 
June 27.) D.D. 
He came of godly stock. All his life he was noted for his earnest piety 

and for his ability as a pastor and preacher. He filled many places of 

honor and trust in the church. See Manual, 1902. 



376 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Publications : Report, "A Plan for Disciplining Baptized Children," 
1812. Letters Explaining Abrahamic Cov., 1812. Letters on the Atone- 
ment. "Internal Evidences of the Bible." "Hist, of Rutgers Coll.," 1833. 
"View of the Workings of the Different Covenants between Gen. Syn. and 
Trustees of Rutgers Coll.," 1849. "Review of Dr. Schaff on Protestant- 
ism." "Hope for the Jews." "Semi-centenary uf Presbyt. Ch. in New 
Brunswick," 18.^0. "Comniem. Disc, of Dr. Peter O. Studdiford," 1866. 
"Commentaries on Romans. Hebrews, Acts." "Expos, of Acts in Ques- 
tion and Ans." "Communicants' Manual." "Hope for my Country." 
Taneway, John L. (son of T. J. Janeway), b. Philadelphia, April 21, 1815. 

R.C. 1835, N.B.S. 40, 1. CI. N.B.; Montville, 43-50 (Flemington, N. J., 

1850-69, Pres. ). d. Nov. 21, 1906. D.D. LaFayette Col. 1866. 
Publications: "Disc. Commem. of Peter O. Studdiford," 1866. 
Jansen, John N., b. at Marbletown, N. Y., March i, 1827; R.C. 48, N.B.S. 

51, 1. CI. New Brunswick; Guilford, N. Y., 52-63, Pompton, N. J., 

63-83, w. c. ; died. Jan. 13, 1899. 
He spent the last fifteen years of his life in Newark, N. J., where he was 
useful in superintending the Sunday School of the "Foster Home," an 
asylum for half orphans in Newark. He was a religiously methodical man. 
He supplemented his preaching by faithful pastoral visitation. He was a 
man of prayer, of studious habits, of rare conscientiousness ; a liberal giver, 
a genuine friend, a sympathetic pastor, an instructive preacher. — "Mints. 
Gen. Syn.," 1899, 562. "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1899, 15. 

Publications : "Semi-Centennial Disc," Pompton, 1865. 
Jansen, Josiah, b. in Ulster Co., 1835; R.C. 56, N.B.S. 59, 1. CI. Orange; 

New Concord, 61-4, d. See Manual of 1879. 
Janssen, Reemt, b. Petkum, Germany, June 18, 1834. Mission House, 

Sheboygan, Wis., 1872. (German Reformed Churches). Belmond, la. 

(Immanuel Ch.), 1883-94; Lennox, ist, S. D. 95, N. Sibley, la., 1896- 

1909. Also Salem, 1896-1903. d. Oct. i, 1915. See Min. Gen. Syn., 

1916, 934- . 
Janssen. Wirtje Toenjes. b. Veenhusen, Ostfriesland, Germany, Jan. 22, 

1865; H.C. 93, W.S. 96, 1. CI. Pleasant Prairie; George, la. (Hope 

Ch.), 96-9, Ramsay, la. (Titonka Ch.), 1899-1905, Chapin, la., Zion, 

1905^— 
Editor of "Sontagschul-Blatt" of R.C. A. in Iowa; editor of "Annual 
German Almanac" of R.C. A., in Iowa, 1901-09. Editor "Der Mitarbeiter. 
Ger. Monthly Ref. Ch. 1907-18. 

Public.'^tions : Der Heidelberger Katechism in 54, Belrachlungen in Der 
Mitarbeiter. Editorials, sermons, etc. 
Jennings (Ginnings), Jacob (M.D.), b. 1744 in Somerset Co., N. J.; lie. 

and ord. by Synod of Refd. Dutch churches, 1789; Moorfield. Hardy 

Co., Va., 1788-92 (Presbyt. Dunlap's Creek and Little Red Stone, 

Fayette Co., Pa., 1792-1811) ; died, Feb., 1813. 
He was a pupil, and finally became son-in-law of Rev. Samuel Kennedy, 
M.D.,. who labored in his doulile profession at Basking Ridge, N. J., 1751- 
87. Dr. Jacob Jennings practiced medicine at New Providence, N. J., from 
1764 to 1772. In course of time he removed to Readington, N. J., and set- 
tled half a mile east of the present village of that name. In 1776 he was 
commissioned as surgeon in Col. Mark Thompson's company of militia, 
which served during a brief period on the Jersey shore. When about 40 
years of age (1784), and after practicing medicine for twenty years, he 
began to turn his attention to theology. In 1788 he was induced, probably 
by purely philanthropic motives, to move to Hardy County (now in the 
northeastern part of West Virginia), to exercise his chirurgic art. He 
had been trained under the excellent ministry of Rev. Dr. Jacob R. Harden- 
berg, and had been an elder in the church of Readington. In his new field 
in Virginia, he did not forget his obligations to serve the spiritual, as well 



THE MINISTRY ^~j 



Sn,'ersLi 'St,?',!, "(.!-, ■rti.rS ''""'• -° °-V?'°r-;: 

larly call him^ This was th ■ fi st e«™ e ate ° S'\'?''°r'"^ '^'l"- 

mmmBskmmm 

Chnrrlf '.<P^•''""'"P ""'^'"^ °^ ^^^ ^ynod dismission to the Prcsbvterian 
Lhurch. as his people were unable to support hiin Th^^ Hi V.t 

^!^:.r\^V'"' ,""" 1°' 'r '" -™-con"ecJ'':i,f;ir Dutch 

lh«r „„n deslitmc churches NotSnt f .rth r } t i'^l ? =°!™ °' 

niinuu, of S.vnod'' The firs. vo7l"e% '\t"'Mln,'je7of° he'^QasTis 'S? 
Aew BrunswirU- <^i-^-n t»tt\ *„ i ■ i /-i • •"/'""'•t^ "-"i i"e i„iassis ot 

was lost aSNsio' p°oha" ; L:Tu,''tr ^11 ^tjT'' Y'""'',"' 

fcter^of 'R.f^S^^"' ', u""f''' ''^- ^54- See also sermon on "Life and Cha';- 
acter ol Kev. Samuel k. Jennmss ' bv Rev Dr T H Cf^ i 7^ ^nu v^nar- 
1855. Manual. 1902. ' ^ ' ^ '• ^- "• Stockton, Baltnnore, 

Jensen. John H. Flatbush. 2d. 1893-5 

Jewett. Augustus D. U b. in Wilkes-Barre. Pa., 1830. Wms C S2 PS <:,• 
P.ermont, 57-9. D.D. by R.C. 1872. For farther detail see'"PS Gen! 

fol^n'c'cTV .Address at funeral of Theodore Strong, LL.D.. 1869 
jameSou-n rVor?"; r- Ge^^any July 26. 1840. Graafschap. 1887-9?: 
jamcstouTi. (Fore.t Grove) Mich. 91-2, Holland. Mich. ( Ebenezer ) 

?gS Somh' HavVn''^- ?¥• ^^Tr^ Missionary. Holland. Mich 1897-' 
M,rGen."s\^"r9rs" 6r5 '^"'" ''^'"' ^^°^-"9. d. March 5. 1915. 

'^'po^'Ser^rr^;;^,:^? ^''- "- "°"-^- p-^'^>-'- - - s.s. 

T f ^'B''«--\T!o.\.s : "Fort Herkimer Ch." 1874 
. ohnson. Andrew. Glenville. 2d 1872-s 

Johnson Arthur, b. Newark. N.J.. July 22, 1848; C.N.J 7.- PS -,,. 
L.I.S. 75: (ord. by Presb. Lackawanna. May 8 77 •" S S \a1ni ' 

, J"- s^is-Lkiid^^^-KD^if^- -r --•'"- ^- 

■"'":"• S'Tst^^vT iV^!, R- aL Johnr). b. in Peru. Ind . 
Theofo^ Sem'-- nl K^p'^^k' Cjawfordsville. Ind.. 71; Auburn 
ineoio^. ^em. ^^ (!,c. by Presb. ot Cavuga. 74; ord bv Presbvt of 

llrl' Pu- S^"^>,"'"- N- Y.. 75-79. Marshall. Mich! 79-86 Woodlawn 
Park. Chicago. 86-90. all Presbyt. ) Albanv. ist. N.Y 1891I1006 Pm 

;90?-.°D.D^^brR^^' fs^?; "'^^^"^>' -^•■^'--'^ Gove'rLr-X.'R?. 

2.r Ye;;rf"°TV "'u"- 'H^'^ ^^ P''^^'^- ^h. of Sandv Hill. N Y "Our 
250 Years; Three Hist. Sermons, 1892, 1893, 1899, embracing Hist. Re- 



378 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN' AMERICA 

views of First Reformed Ch. Albany, N.Y., 1899. On Committee for Prep- 
aration of Hymnal of Ref. Ch. 

Johnson, Henry H.. b. 1822; Miami University; Allegheny Sem. ; (Bos- 
ton, 18 ), Hastings-on-the-Hudson, 1862-4. S.S. Leyden Cen- 
tre. 1867; died Jan. 18, 1881, at St. Edwards, Neb. 

Johnson, Isaiah Y., b. 1783; W.C. 1813, N.B.S. 16, 1. CI. N.B. Argyle and 
Fort Miller, 17-21, Schodack, 21-4, d. See Manual of 1879. 

Johnson, John Barent, b. at Brooklyn, 1769; C.C. 1792, studied under Liv- 
ingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1795; Albany, 1796-1802, Brooklyn, 1802-3, d. See 
Manual of 1879. 
PuBLlC.^TIONS : Oration on Union, anniver. of the Tammany Society, 

1794 — "Dealings of God with Israel and America," 1798 (July 4th.) — 

Eulogy on Washington, before Legislature, N.Y. 1800. — Farewell Ser. at 

Albany, 1802; with an Hist. Appendix by Bassett, — Author of the Pastoral 

Letter of Gen. Syn. 1800, p. 304. — Many contributions to the literary period- 
icals of the day ; some of these poetical. 

Johnson, John G., b. in Centre Co., Pa.. Jan. 22. 1814; R.C. 36. N.B.S. 39, 
1. CI. N.B. Glenham, 40-6, St. John's, Upper Red Hook, 46-70, d. July 
3. See Manual of 1879. 
Publications : Art. in "Sprague's Annals" on Rev. G. R. Williamson. 

Johnson, R. B., Candidate Newark 1903-06. Not licensed. 

Johnson, T. C, Princetown, N. Y., 93-99. 

Johnson, Wm. (entered Seceder Ch. ), Ovvasco, 1836-65, became Presby- 
terian. 

Johnson, Wm. L. (Col.), b. New York, April 19, 1844; Lincoln Univer- 
sity, Chester Co., Pa., 69; D.S. ; lie. CI. N.Y. 69; ord. by same, June 
70, in South Ref d. ch. ; evangelist in North Carolina, 69-74 ; in Som- 

erville, N. J., 74-5. Orangeburgh, S. C, 1875-1913, d. Jan. 27, , 

D.D. Lincoln Univ. Min. Gen. Syn. 1913, 902. 

Johnston, Wm., b. Toronto, Can., July 19, 1855; McGill Normal School, 
Montreal; Queen's Coll. Kingston, Can., 2 yrs. ; P.S. i year; N.B.S. 
90; 1. CI. N.B. ; Guttenberg, 90-1, Lodi, 91-8, Hawthorne and N. Pat- 
erson 98-1900. Peapack, 1901-03. Pres. Dundee Lake, N. J., 1908- 
10, Sparta, N. J., 1911. 

Joldersma, Rense Henry, b. Smilde, Prov. Drenthe, Netherlands, Ap. 19, 
1851 ; H.C. 81, McCor. Sem. 84, 1. CI. Grand River; Spring Lake, Mich., 
84-86, Grand Rapids, 5th, 86-89, Sup. of Western Missions. 89-95, Chi- 
cago, 1st, 95-99, Holland Colonies in Maryland, 1899-1901. Grand Rapids 
Grace Ch. 1901-1902. Financial and Educational Agent Hope College, 
1902-03. Fulton, 111., 1903-07, Grand Rapids, 9th, 1907-09, Rochester, 
1st, 1909-11, Grand Rapids. Trinity, 1912-13. d. April 26. 
He preached in English, Dutch and German. During his superintendency 

of Western Missions more than 50 churches were organized in the P.S. 

Chicago. — See Min. Gen. Syn.. 1913, 893. 

Jones, Charles Arthur, b. Chicago, 111., Aug. 10, 1857; Am.C. 85; U.T.S. 
88; ord. CI. N.Y. 88; Union Ch. (6th Ave.) N.Y.C. 87-90; (Cong., 
Kane, Pa., 1890 

Jones, Chs. Harris, b. N. Y. C, Aug. 17. 1859: U.N.Y. 82; U.T.S. 82-5; 
ord. by CI. Newark, 85; Woodside, Newark, 85-94; Bayonne, ist, 1894-9. 

Jones, Chas. J. K.. b. July 12, 1845. R.C. 1870. N.B.S. 1870-71. U.S. 1873. 
Congregational. 

Jones, David Adkin, b. at Walsingham, Norfolk, Eng., Mar. 14, 1798; Hox- 
ton Coll. Eng., London, Sem. of Ind. Dissenters, 1823. lie. by the civil 
magistrate, 23; (Foleshill, Warwickshire. 23-8, Chorley, Lancashire. 
29-34, both in Eng.; Danville, Ver. Cong. 34-9), Saratoga 39-44. Eas- 
ton, N. Y., 44-8, Union 48-50, Constantine, 50-2, Minisink, 52-8, Gra- 
hamville and Upper Neversink, 58-63, New Concord, 64-7, w. c, d. 
1872, March 26. 



THE MIXISTRV 379 

Jones, Gardner (s. of Nicholas Jones) ; N.B.S. 1841 ; became a Romanist 
in Indiana. 

Jones, Henry Titus (s. of H. W. F. Jones), I). Middlebush, N. J., Aug. 
13, 1859; N.B.S. 92. 1. S. CI. N.B., Dashville Falls, 92-3, Asst. Brook- 
lyn, 1st, 93-4. Miss, work. Oak Tree, N. J., 96-1900, Whitehouse, 1900- 
1917, Coeymans, N. Y., 1917 

Jones, Henry Wm. Felton. b. at Antigua, \V. I., June 9, 1829; Salt Hill 
Institute, Eng., 45, N.B.S. 60, 1. CI. N.B., Bergen Point, 60-84, (Bergen 
Point, 1st, Presbyt. 1884-1901. d. Sept. 25, 1915. — See Min. Gen. Syn., 
1916, 931. 

Jones, Joseph Addison, b. June i, 1873. P.U. 1900. Auburn Sem. 1903. 
(1. by Pres. Jersey City. 1903. Pres. Ch., Perry. N. Y., 1903-05). 

Albany, N. Y., 2d (Madison Ave.), 1905-20. Poughkeepsie, 1920 . 

Pres. P.S. Albany, 1920. Vice-P. Gen. Syn., 1917. Chaplain State 
Constitutional Convention, 1917. Y.M.C.A. Sec, A.E.F., France. 1918 
D.D. by R.C. 1910. 

Jones, Nathan W., b. in Maine, about 1820; R.C. 50, N.B.S. 53; Cleveland 
53-4, S.S. Sharon, 55-6, S.S. at Clove, 1856, Middleport, 56-60, S.S. 
Dingman's Ferry (or Upper Walpack), 61-2, w. c, died at Sansonville, 
N. Y., 1876. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Jones, Nicholas, studied under Mason, 1815; Sharon and New Rhinebeck 
16-20, suspended 22, seceded independently ; became a Baptist; died 
1839. 

Jones, Thos. Walker, (s. of D. A. Jones) ; b. at Saratoga, N. Y., July 8, 
1843. R.C. 1864, N.B.S. 67; 1. CI. Raritan; Pottersville, 67-70, Fonda, 
70-82, Holland, Mich. (Hope Ch.), 83-8, Bushnell, III, 88-91, Bedmin- 
ster, N. J., 1892-1906. d. Dec. 29, 1909.— See Min. Gen. Syn., 1910, 
826. 
Publications: A 'Historical Discourse. — Contributions to the press. 

Jongeneel, James, b. Ceres. Cape Colony, S. Africa, Dec. 29, 1859. 1. CI. 
N.Y. 1890, ord. by CI. Westchester, 90; Unionville, N. Y., 90-6. Cen- 
tral Bridge and Howe's Cave, 96-1900, engaged in Y.M.C.A. work, New 
York, Newark, &c., 1900-02. Glen Rock (S.S.), 1902-03. d. Feb. 8. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1903, 518. 

Jongeneel, Louis George, b. at Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, S. A. ; 1. in 
South Africa, by CI. of Tulbagh, 1856; Miss, to heathen, at Aberdeen, 
S. Africa, afterward at Ceres, 1856-66, c. to America; Savville, 1866- 
71, Miss, at Hohokus, N. J., 1871-3, Clymer Village, 1873-5, 'Lodi, N. J., 
1878-92, (New Amsterdam, Wis., 92-5, Baldwin, Wis., 1895 

Jongewaard, Cornelius A., I). Pella, 1868; Iowa Coll. 93. W.S. 97, !. 
CI. Iowa; Macon and S. Macon, 97-1901. Presbyterian. 

Jonker. Philip, b. Ferrysburg. Mich., Dec. 21, 1884, H.C. 1907, N.B.S. 
1910. 1. by CI. G. R., Greenport, N. Y., 1910-18, Chaplain. U.S.A.. 
1918-20, Greenport. N. Y., 1920, Peekskill. X. Y., 1920—, S.C. CI. 
Hudson, 1912-18. 

Joralmon, J. S., b. N.Y.C. 1828. R.C. 1852, N.B.S. 55, 1. CI. Bergen; Miss, 
to China, 55-60, Fairview 60-85, Norwood Park. Chicago. 85-05, Den- 
ver, Col.. 1895—, Charter Member Council H.C. until 189=;. D'D. H.C. 
I9(x>. 

Jordan, Mark, (colored), 1. CI. X. Y. 1823; African Ch. X. Y. City, sup- 
plied, 1823-9, withdrew. 

Jukes, Charles, b. in England, 1788. c. to America, 1830; U.C. 38; (Edin- 
burgh and Fish House, 1830-4, Amsterdam. Presbyt. 1834-9), Glen 
1839-40, Glen and Auriesville 1839-44, Stone Arabia and Ephratah, 
1844-50, Rotterdam 18^0-62, d. See Manual of 1879. 

Julien, Robt. D.. b. 1823. R.C. CI. 1850. N.B.S. 1852, 1. CI. N.B. 1852; Shar- 
on 1852-3. (To Presbyt. of I'.urlington 1862). d. April 2-], 1901. 



380 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Junor, David, b. London, «Ont., July 20, 1842; Toronto University, 66; '. 
lie. by Cong. Council at Berlui, Wis., 88; (Mt. Olivet, Brooklyn,, 
Presbyt. 89-97), Huguenots, S. I., 1897-1910, D.s. to Presbyterian 
1910. 

Junor, Kenneth Frank, b. London, Out, Aug. 31, 1846; Univ. College, To- 
ronto, 67-9, Knox Coll., Toronto, 71-2, U.T.S. 72-3; (ord. Presb.. 
Halifax, 73 ; Hamilton, Bermuda, 73-y, Formosa, China, 77-82, student 
of medicine, Univ. Med. Coll. N.Y.C.. 82-6;) De Witt Memorial 
Chapel, N.Y.C., 86-95, Thirty-fourth st. Ch. (Collegiate Ch.) 95-1897. 
ALD. by Univ. Med. Coll. N.Y., 1886. 

Justin, John, b. at Weinolsheim, Hesse, May 19, 1839; R.C. 62, N.B.S. 
65, 1. CI. N.B.; North Bergen, 1865-1902; Plaintield, N.J. (Ger.) S.S. 
1902-04; North Bergen, 1906-10; died Dec. 6, 1920. See Min. Gen. 
Syn., 1921, 635. 

Kain, Maurice L L., b. Delaware Water Gap, April 20, 1883, R.C. 1906^ 
N.B.S., 1906-09, Gen. Sem. 191 1, Episcopal. 

Kain, P. L, b. Alarch 31, 1848, in Ireland; entered on evangelistic work in 
1889; (pastor ALE. Ch. of Pittston, 91-92, of Cong. Ch. W. Pittston^ 
92-5), Philadelphia, 4th, 1895-1909, (Congregational, Woodbridge, N.J., 
1909-14, d., D.D. 

Kaisiak, see Krisik. 

Kalemjian, Alugerdich, Nerses, b. Alarash, Armenia. April 6, 1877, St. 
Paul's Listitute, Tarsus, Graduate student N.B. Sem. 1904, ord. by 
CI. Ulster 1905, Blue Alountain 1905-10, Three Bridges 191 1 

Kails, Wm., came from London in 1756, with recommendation from Dr. 
Chandler; (supplied Philadelphia, Ger. Ref. in 1756-7, Amwell, Ger.. 
Ref. and the German Churches on the Raritan, 1757-9,) N.Y.C. Ger. 
1759-60. — "Harbaugh's Lives," ii. 382. 

Kampen, Isaac. See Van Kampen. 

Kanter, Howard, b. N.Y.C. Alarch 20, 1883, R.C. Bible Teachers' Training- 
School 1914, N.B.S. 1917, 1. by CI. N.Y., New Baltimore 1917-21, 
Wallkill 1921 

Karreman, Anthony. H.C. '03. W.T.S. 1906. 1. by CI. Holland. Cleve- 
land, 2d, 1906-10; Grand Rapids, 9th, 1910-14; Paterson, Union Ref., 
1914-18. Muskegon, 2d, 1918 

Karsten, John H., b. Heerenveen, Vriesland, Netherlands, Feb. 16, 1833; 
R.C. 60, N.B.S. 63, 1. CI. 111.; Miss, to Forreston, 111., 65-7, Oostburg, 
67-9, Alto, Wis., 69-84, Ed. of "De Hope," 84-6, Coopersville, Mich., 
86-9, Alto, 89-93, Oostburg and Hingham, Wis., 93-7, Oostburg, 97-9. 
S.S. Gilderland, Alich., 1903-05. d. May 26, 1914. Member of Coun- 
cil of H.C. 1871-84, 1891-1909. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 247. 
Publications : Translation into Dutch of "Our Country," by Dr. Josiah 

Strong. — Editorials and contributions to the press. 

Kasse, A. K., c. to America, 1846, 1. CI. Geneva, 51 ; Pultneyville, 51-61, 
Buffalo, 61-4, Cleveland, 64-8, Paterson (Hoi. 2d), 68-74. d. 

Kavanagh, John Francis Edge, b. N.Y.C, 1858, P.S. 83, ord. CI. Poughkeep- 
sie, 83, Hyde Park, 83-4; other details, see P.S. Gen. Cat. 

Keator, Eugene H.. b. Rosendale. N. Y., Aug. 6, 1865. Colgate Col. N.B.S, 
1908. 1. by CI. Kingston. S.S. Lyonsville and Krumville, 1895-1902, 
Rochester (Accord) 1902-05, Blawenburgh, 1908, Franklin Park, N. 

J. (Six Mile Run). 1908 . Business Alanager, Somerset Ch. News,. 

1920 

Publications : Hist. Six Alile Run Ch., 1710-1910. 

Keerl. Julius J. West Levden, 1889. 

Keldcr, Edward, b. Grandville, Mich., Oct. 5. 1873; H.C. 96. W.S. 99, i. 
CI. Grand River; Constantine, 1899-1904; Knox and 2nd Berne, 1905- 



I UK M INISTRV 381 

0(S; Coytesville, 1908 — . Member Sch. Bd. Englewood Cliffs. N.J., Pres. 

Bd. of Health. Fort Lee. NJ. Ph.D. Universal Col. of Science 1918. 
KellogR, C. D.. h. Ann Arbor. Alich.. July 3, 1842: C.N.J. 61. P.S., 1. 2d 

Presbyt. N.Y. 63; (Wilmington. Del., 63-7), Northumberland, 67-8, 

Northumberland and Fort Miller. 68-72, Passaic, North, 72-9. 
(Presbyt.). 
Kelly, Wm. B. Candidate CI. Newark 1913. M.E. Church. 
Kelly, Wm. H.. b. Newcastle. Eng.. June 30, 1863. Ham.C. 1891. N.B.S. 

1891-2. Gen. Sem. i892-'5. 
Kemlo. Jas.. b. in Scotland. 1848; R.C. 75. N.B.S. 78, lie. CI. N.B. (Lincoln, 

Neb. (Presb.). 78-80), Montville, N.T., 1880-83. d. Sept. 18. 
Kendall, John B. Easton, N. Y., 1831. 
Kennedy, Duncan, b. Amsterdam. N.Y.. May 16. 1809; U.C. 35. P.S. 37. 

Ord. Presb. Albany. 39; (Gahvay. N.Y., 39-41), Alljany. 41-55, Troy. 

Second st., 55-67. Brooklyn. 2d, 68-9, Bloomfield, Westminster Ch. 70- 

81. Died Dec. 30. 1887. D.D. by Ham.C. 1845. 
See Manual. 1902. 

PuBj-iCATioxs : Sermon on the death of Rev. W. J. Pohlman. Albany. 
1849; the same delivered in New York City before Gen. Syn., June 10, 1849. 
— Discourse at Inaug. of Dr. W. H. Campbell as Prof. Bib. Lit., 1851. 

Kennipe , Canajoharie, about 1770. He was partially deranged. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Kern. Fred., b. 1846, at Eisnach. Ger. ; Leipzig Univ.. Dubuque Sem., Iowa, 

68; lie. by Presbyt.; ord. by L'nited Presb. Syn. of the Northwest, 68, 

(Warsaw, Wis., 68-71, Carlstadt, N. L, 71-6, both Presb.,) Newark 

West. 1876-82. w. c. 82-95. 
Kern, John Michael (Heidelberg, Germany. 17.. — 1763). Ger.. N.Y.C., 1763- 

71. Montgomery. N.Y.. 1771-8. From memoranda in Secretary of 

State's Office, he is represented as pastor of the High German Ch. 

N.Y.C. 1765; of Gee. Cong, at Camp and Rhinebeck. in 1787; and of 

Hanover. Ulster Co., 1775. He was Conferentie. A sermon of his, 

preached in 1767 in Ger. R.C. N.Y.C. was translated by Morris Fox, 

and published 1875. 
Kern, S. S.S. West Leyden, N. Y.. 1885-6. 
Kerr, George, b. in Ireland, 1812; Wms. Col. 39, U.S. 43; Conesville, N.Y.. 

44-6. Died Mar. 2~. 1867. See more in U.S. Gen. Cat. 
Kerr. J. H. M.E. Ch. S.S. Plattskill and High Woods, 1921. 
Kerschred, H. B. S.S. Kent St.. Brooklyn. 1920-21. 
Kershaw. John, b. at Paterson, ALiy 14,' 1842; U.S. 68, lie. CI. Paramus, 

1871; teaching, 1868-73; Stone House Plains, 1873-80. See U.S. Cat. 

for more. 
Kershaw, Wm. H., b. in England. 1846. Entered ALE. ministry 1873. 

Came to America 1883. (Served Congregational churches 1883-1903). 

Rosendale, 1903. d. June 28. 
See Min. Gen. Svn.. 1904, 838. 
Kershow, Joseph H., b. 1826. at Harlingen, N.J. R.C. 50, N.B.S. 53, 1. CI. 

Philadelphia. Miss, at Ridgeway and Macon, 53-5, Centreville, 55-65, 

Eden, 65-67, New Salem. 67-72, Gallupville, '/2-~. S.S. Sharon. 77-9. 

S.S. De Spclder, 79-82. Died Dec. 20, 1886. Mints. Gen. Svn.. 1887, 

434- 
Kctchum. Lsaac S., b. at Poughkeepsie, 1796; N.B.S. 1821. 1. CI. N.B. Sal- 
isbury, Manheim, and Danube. 22-3, Alanheim and Stone Arabia. 23-30. 

in 23 also appointed Miss, to Columbia, Indian Castle, and Rem. Syn- 

der's Bush, and 26-7. Miss, to Herkimer; Stone Arabia and Ephratah, 

30-5; Miss, to Centreville and Three Rivers. Mich., 35-8, d. 1863. 
He was an intimate friend of President \'an Buren, who appointed him 
to the delicate task of removing some Indian tribes beyond the Mississippi. 
This he did satisfactorily, and received from the President an autograph 
letter, thanking him for his services. He then removed to St. Louis, where 
■he became a farmer, and afterward hospital chaplain. 



382 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Ketchum, Wm. W. Bloomingdale, N.Y.C., 1912-13. Pres. Chicago. 

Kettletas, Ab., b. in N.Y. 1733; Y.C. 1752; (Elizabethtown, N.J., Presb. 
1757-60;); supplied Jamaica, 1760-2; French Ch. N.Y.C., 1769; died' 
Sept. 3c, 1798. 
He preached in English, Dutch, or French. The people at Jamaica de- 
sired him for their pastor, but the Classis of Amsterdam were not satisfied 

with his views on the divinity of Christ, and refused their assent. — See 

"Sprague's Annals," R.D.C., p. 20. "Ecc. Rec, N. Y." 

Kiekentveld, Mannes, b. in Netherlands, Sept. 2, 1839, c. to America, 50; 
R.C. 63, N.B.S. 66, 1. CI. Holland, Grandville, 67-70, Fremont Centre. 
70-3, Polkton, 73-6, Detroit, 76-7, w. c. Died, 1889, May 30. Mints. 
Gen. Syn., 1890, 1891. Biog. sketches of Grads. R.C. 1889, 24. 

Killough, Walter W., b. Concord, N.C., Nov. 10, 1848. D.C. 1873, N.B.S. 
1876, lie. by Presbyt. Arkansas, 1876; laboring in Boone Co., Ark., 
1876-80. Presbyterian churches of the southwest. 

Kimball, Jos., b. at Newburgh, N.Y., Aug. 17, 1820; U.C. 1839, Newburgh. 
Sem. 1843, lie, Assoc. Ref. 1843; (Hamptonburgh, 1844-52; Hebron; 
Brockport); Fishkill-on-the-Hudson, 1883-5, Brooklyn, 1865-74. d. 
Dec. 6. D.D. by R.C. 1866. See Manual, 1879. 

Kimura, Kumage, (Japanese), N.B.S. 1882; sailed for Japan, July 18, 1882. 
Laboring in Japan. 

King, Albert A., b. 1852. Pennington Sem. 1. by Newark M.E. Confer- 
ence. Ponds, 1881-3, Boonton, 83-7. Riverside, 87-92, Ramapo, 92-1900, 
emeritus, d. June 22,, fgo2. Min. Gen. Syn., 1903, 519. 

King, Albert Barnes, b. Morristown. N.J., 1828; C.N.J. 55, U.S. 55-6, P.S. 
57-8; S.S. Gilboa, N.Y., 1863. See Gen. Cats. U.S. and P.S. 

King. Fred. L. R., b. Morristown, N.J., 1823; C.N.J. 44. P-S. 46-8; ord. 
as evangelist by CI. Bergen, Oct. 16, 55 ; Hudson City, 55-7. See P. 
Gen. Cat. for further particulars. 

King. Jas. Foster, b. Bloomfield, N.J., 1857, C.C.N.Y. 79, U.S. 83, ord. 
CI. Ulster; Roxbury. 83-1886, died May 30. See U.S. Gen. Cat.; and 
Mints. Gen. Syn., 1887, 430. 

Kingsbury, Lucius, Sioux Falls, S.D., 1896-8. 

Kinney, Chs. Walter, b. S. Berlin, Rensselaer Co., N.Y., June 5, 1858; lie. 
Ci. Saratoga, 1888; Westerlo, N.Y., 89-91, Shokan and Shandaken, 91- 
3, St. Johnsville, 93-9. Hobart, N.Y., Presbyt. 1899-1906, Mohawk, 
1906-11. S.S. Fort Herkimer, 1909-11, Schoharie, 1911-13, Saratoga,. 
1913 . S.S. Fort Miller, 1913 ■ 

Kip, Francis M., b. Aug. 7, 1810. in N.Y.C. C.C. 26. N.B.S. 30, 1. CI. N.Y.^ 
Bloomingdale, 30-1, Ninth St.. N.Y.C, 31-6, Fishkill, 36-70, Hugue- 
nots, S.L, 72-6, Huguenots and Richmond, 76. Chaplain of Seamen's 
Retreat, S.L. 72-1888, died May 28. Elected a trustee of R.C. i860. 
S.T.D. by C.C. 1857. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1856. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : "An Old Disciple and his Descendants." with an in- 
troductory chapt. by Dr. Thomas De Witt, 1848,— Disc, at the 150th Anniv. 

of R.D.C. Fishkill, 1866.— Address at Fun. of Dr. C. C. Van Cleef. 

Kip, Francis M., b. Fishkill, April 19. 1839 ( s. of F. M. Kip); U.N.Y. 

1864, N.B.S. 67. 1. CI. Poughkeepsie ; Linlithgo, 67-9; Fultonville, 

69-82, also S.S. Auriesville, 79-83, Harlingen. 1884-1902. S.S. Kerhonk- 

son, 1902-1904. Greenwood Heights, L. L, 1904-06. d. June 19, 1911. 

See Min. Gen. Svn., 1912, 559. 

Kip, Lsaac L., b. N.Y.C, March 10, 1835 (s. of F. M. Kip) ; R.C 1855, 
N.B.S. 61, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie; East William.sburgh. 61-2, Chaplam 
159th Reg. N.Y.V. 62-3, Stuyvesant Falls, 64-7. Schodack Landing, 
67-75. Peekskill. 75-9 (Presb., Patterson, Dutchess Co., N. Y., 79- 
88), Lisha's Kill, 88-91, Sup. of New Brunswick City, Miss. 91-3, High 
Bridge, N.J., 93-8, Philadelphia, South, 98-1900. Died Aug. 26. 1901. 
He was a man of literary taste and a writer of ability. See Manual, 1902. 



THE MINISTRY 383 

Publications: Letters from Army, 1863, in "Fishkill Journal" and "Ch. 
Int."— In Mcmoriam H.F. See. "Ch. Int.," 1874.— Exegesis Matt. 26:29; 
Hudson Minist. Assoc., 1866.— Essay on Relation of the Ministry to the 
Church: Hudson River Assoc, 1868. — The Prayer Test; Conditions and 
Results. H.R. Assoc, 1873. — Very many contributions to the press. 
Kip, Leonard W., b. N.Y.C., Nov. 10, 1837; Col. Coll. 57. N.B.S. 60, 1. CI. 

N.Y. Missionarv in China, 1861-98. d. Feb. 27, 1901. D.D. by R.C. 

1880. 
He was the son of Leonard W. Kip, Esq., of New York City. Though 
his was every inducement to remain at home in perhaps a less costly ser- 
vice, and in the enjoyment of comforts and luxury that could be his at 
command, he heeded the call of the Board for China. Having entered 
upon his work, he seemed to be utterly forgetful of self in his deep absorp- 
tion in his ministry for others. He had especial fondness for the direct 
I)reaching of the Gospel ; and he, therefore, devoted his energies chiefly 
to the evangelistic work of the Mission. He knew the truth and power of 
the Gospel in his own soul and life, and it was his constant desire and 
effort to bring that power to bear upon the hearts and lives of those by 
whom he was surrounded. Hardly any other missionary in all that region 
was so constantly touring with his helpers, and preaching the Gospel in 
the towns and villages about. 

During the thirty-eight years of his active connection with the Amoy 
Mission, 1861-99, he beheld its marvelous development. When he went 
thither, there were but three churches at Amoy, with 262 communicants. 
There was one Station, with four Outstations. Not a native pastor had 
been ordained, and there were but three schools of any kind. When he left 
there were eleven churches, each with its native pastor, supported by the 
church, with more than 1,400 communicants. Three Stations were occupied 
by missionaries, with forty-three Outstations and preaching places. There 
were eighteen schools of. various grades, from the Parochial School to the 
Theological Seminary, with three hospitals. Dr. Kip not only witnessed 
this, but he helped largely in bringing it into existence. "Mints. Gen. 
Syn.," 1901, 1236. Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Letters from China in the "Christian Intelligencer" and 
"Sower." — Map of Amoy Mission in "Manual of Missions." — Map of Pal- 
estine and Journeys of Paul, for Chinese converts. — Church Psalter, 1892; 
new map of Amoy District, 1892. — Translation of the Holy Scriptures, in 
part. 
Kipp, Peter E., b. in Paterson, N.J., 1847; N.Y.U. 67, N.B.S. 70. He by 

CI. Paramus; Fishkill, N.Y., 70-4, Brooklyn, Bedford, 77-81, Schenec- 
tady, 2d, 81-7 (Presbyt., Cleveland, O., 87-95, San Diego, Cal., 95-1900. 

d. May 9). 
His zeal and activity were untiring. His earnestness broke down his 
health. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Kirby, Thos., (alias Kirkham, "M.G.S." i. 338) ; an independent minister 

from England, rclicensed by CI. N.Y. 1797; Staten Island, 1797-1801, 

suspended, restored; Elizabethtown, Canada, 1801 — ..• — "M. G. Syn." 

i. 309, 456. 
Kirkland, Robt., w. c 1833-6, Miss, to Sand Beach, 1836-7. 
Kirkpatrick. Milton R., b. Fort Deposit, Ala., Tune 16, 1850. Davidson Col. 

1873. Columbia Sem. 1873-5. N.B.S. 1876. Ord. by East Alabama 

Pres. — Laboring Southern Presbyterian Church. 
Kirkwood, Rolit. From Presbyterian Ch. of Scotland; Miss, to Mnnayunk, 

28-g, Cortlandtown, 33-6. d. 1866. 
Publications: Lectures on the millennium. — A plea for the Bible. 
Kirkwood, Thomas J. Pres. Fort Plains, N. Y., 1916-22, Syracuse, N. Y.. 

2d. 1922 

Kiss. Andrew, b. Kocsord, Hungary. May 16, 1886. Special Student N.B.S. 

1911. 



384 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Kissam, Samuel, b. in N.Y.C., in 1796; U.C. 1813, studied under Mason, and 
at N.B.S. 17, 1. CI. N.B.; Bethlehem and Coeymans, 18-28, Bethlehem 
and Jerusalem. 28-41, Coe3mans, 43-5, d. 1868. 
Publications: Memorials. i2mo, pp. 448. N.Y., 1859. 

Kittell, James Shephard, b. Hamilton, Ont., March 17, 1873. West. Sem. 
Allegheny, Pa., 1899. Albany, N. Y., ist, 1907-22. Bergen, N. J., 

1922 . Pres. Gen. Syn., 1914. D.D. R.C. 1909. Pres. Bd. of 

Domestic Missions 1921 

Kittle, Andrew N., b. at Kinderhook, 1785; U.C. 1804; studied under Froe- 

ligh and Livingston, 1. CI. Paramus, 1806; Red Hook Landing and St. 

John's, 1807-15, Red Hook Landing, St. John's, and Linlithgo, 1815-27, 

Upper Red Hook, 1827-33, Stuyvesant, 1835-46, w. c. 1864, d. 

He was a grandson of Domine Fryenmoet. He was a man of fine ability 

and large scholarship. His modesty was so great that he kept himself in 

the background and did not occupy the position for which he was fitted. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Kittredge, Abbott Eliot, b. Roxbury, Mass., July 2C, 1834; Wms. Coll. 
54, And. Sem. 59, lie. by Congregationalists ; (Charlestown, Mass., 
(Winthrop Cong. Ch.) 59-64, New York, nth Presbyt., 65-70, Chicago, 
3d, Presb. 70-86). Madison Ave., N.Y.C., 1886-1906. Pastor Emeritus 
1906-12. d. Dec. 17. 
Dr. Kittredge was a man of transparent character, and a pulpit orator 

of more than ordinary ability. He also looked carefully after the minute 

details of his large parish. • In his prime few equaled him as a good minister 

of Jesus Christ. Min. Gen. Svn., 1913, 895. 

Klaaren, John A., b. Pella, la., Feb. 5. 1891- H.C. 1918. W.T.S. 1921. 1. 
by CI. of Pella. North Holland, Mich., 1921 

Klein, Carl T. A., Hoboken, ( Ger. ) , 1881-2, S.S. Bayonne (Ger.), 82-5, 
Prof. Pleasant Prairie College. 1886-7. w. c. 

Klerekoper, Joseph, b. Amsterdam, Hoi. Educated College and Seminary 
in Amsterdam. 1. by Presbytery of Minnewaukan. (Pres. Penn., 
N.D., Mackinaw, Mich. Alto, Wis.). Chandler, Minn., 1920 

Klerk, Abraham. H.C. 1898. 'W.T.S. 1901. 1. by CI. Wis. Greenleafton, 
Minn., 1901-04; Cedar Grove, Wis., 1904-11 ; Chicago, Englewood, 
2d, 1911-13; Clymer, N. Y. (Abbe), 1913-17; Classical Miss. CI. 
Cascades, 1917-20; Grand Rapids, Bethany, 1920 

Klooster, Foppe, b. Donkerbroek, Netherlands, May 7. i860; H.C. 88. W.S. 
91, I. CI. Holland. Galesburg. la.. 1892-19CI ; Bentheim (East Overisel), 
T902-06; Ada, 1906-10; Three Oakes, 1910-13. d. April 28. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1913, 894. 

Klyn, H. G., b. Nov. 19, 1793; Graafschap, 1851-2, Milwaukee and Frank- 
lin, 52-3, Milwaukee. 53-4. Grand Rapids, 2d, 54-7, Kalamazoo, 57-62, 
Chicago, 1st, 63-8, emeritus. Died Dec. i, 1883. 
He was one of the leaders of the Secession in the West in 1857. 

Knevels, , St. John's, W".L, 18.. — .. Sec "Mag. R.D.C." iii. 2.7.— 

Knox's "St. Thomas, etc., W.L" 

Knickerbocker, D. M. R.C. 1870. N.B.S. 1870-71. Merchant, d. April 
29, 1888. 

Knieskern, Jos., b. Berne, N.Y., Ap. 10, 1810; R.C. 38, N.B.S. 41, 1. CI. 
Schoharie; Berne, 2d, and Knox. 41-5, St. Johnsville, 45-72, also sup- 
plying Manheim and Indian Castle; w. c. S.S. Presbyt. Ch. in Virgil. 
N.Y. Died Sept. 7. 1895. 
Manual, 1902. 

Knight. Richard Waller, b. England 1794; c. to America 1820. 1. by Con- 
gregationalists; Clove, 35-8, Roxbury, 38-41, Sand Beach, 41-4, Cato 
and Lysander, 45-8. Cato and Wolcott, 48-52. emeritus, d. Feb. 9, 1873. 

Knight, Wm. Blenheim, N. Y., 1840; Moresville, 1841-2; Spottswood, 
1846-7. 

Knowlton, Alb. W.. b. LeRov, N. Y., Dec. 9. 1828. N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. 
Kingston; N. and S. Hampton, 1860-4. (Presbyt.). d. Aug. 5, 1905. 



THE MINISTRY 385 

Knouse. Chas. Ger. Ref.. N.Y.C., 1823-7, Manhattan Ch., N.Y.C., 29-33. 

d. 1862. 
Knox. Chs. Eugene, b. Knoxhoro. N.Y., 1833; Ham. Coll. 56, U.S. 59; tut. 

Hamilton Coll. 59-60, pastor elect, Utica, N.Y., 60-2, Oswego. N.Y., 

62-3, Alorristown. 63-4, Bloomfield, N.J., 64-73. Pres. Ger. Theolog. 

School, Bloomfield, N.J., 1873 . D.D. by C.N.J. 1874. 

Publications: "A Year with St. Paul," 1863. — A Series of Graded 
S.S. Text-books, 64-70,— "Love to the End," 1866. — "David the King," 1874. 
Knox, Jas. Hall Mason, (son of Rev. John Knox), b. N.Y.C., June 10, 1824; 

C.C. 41, N.B.S. 45, 1. CI. N. Y.; ord. by Presb. Newton, 46 (German 

Valley, N.J., 46-51), Easton, Pa., 51-3, Germantown, Philadelphia, 53- 

69, Bristol, Pa., 73-83, Pres. Lafayette Coll. 83-90, emeritus, d. at 

Baltimore. Jan. 22, 1903. S.T.D. by C.C. 1861. LL.D. by C.C. 1885. 
Knox, John, b. near Gettysburgh, 1790; Dick. Col. 1811, studied under 

Mason, lie. by Assoc. Ref. Pres. Philadelphia, 1815; New York, 1816- 

58, d. Elected a trustee of R.C. 1825. D.D. 
He was descended from a chain of pious ancestry — Scotch Presbyterians 
in their relations. From childhood, he evinced great conscientiousness, 
tenderness, and affection, and a strict regard to every duty assigned him. 
In college he was regarded by all with respect and affection, and the asso- 
ciations then formed, whether with professors or students, were only ter- 
minated by death. In the Associate Reformed Seminary, among his fellow 
students, there arose an attachment, which bound them as with clasps of 
steel, and which became stronger with time. In 1816, he and his classmate. 
Paschal N. Strong, were called and settled, at the same time, over the 
church of New York, and both continued in that single charge till death. 
For twenty-five years Dr. Knox was the senior pastor in the Collegiate 
Church. His character presented a beautiful harmony and symmetry. 
There was no peculiar prominence in any trait, so as to obscure and de- 
press others. He was the model of a Christian gentleman. 

In his preaching, he wa^ sound in sentiment, lucid in discussion, bearing 
the subject practically home to the consciences and hearts of his hearers. 
His preparation for the pulpit was careful. His manner was serious and 
bore the conviction of his cordial sincerity. Every reflecting mind and 
upright heart could not fail to be profited by his ministrations. As a pastor 
he was eminently attentive and useful. Few have surpassed him in this 
respect. His visits to the chamber of sickness and in seasons of affliction 
were ever most grateful and highly prized. He occupied many prominent 
places of trust in the religious and educational institutions of the day, 
spending much time and performing much labor in their behalf. There was 
a tendency to pulmonary disease, yet voyages and care preserved his 
health, and during his last years he was unusually robust and vigorous. 
Having been engaged in pastoral visitation on a certain day, he returned 
home and passing on the back piazza, by some misstep he lost his balance, 
and fell on the pavement below, fracturing his skull. After lingering a 
few days in an unconscious state, he died. His was the greatness of 
goodness. 

See "Memorial with Sermons by Drs. Chambers, Rogers, Vermilye and 
De Witt, and addresses by Drs. Hutton and Van Vranken." "McClintock's 
Cyc." Also "Collegiate Ch. Year Book," 1894, 121. Manual, 1902. 

Publications : For his numerous publications, see Manual, 1902. 
Knox. John Calvin, b. Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 7, 1856; U.C. 90, Aub. Sem. 

and U.S. 90-1, ord. by CI. Schenectady; Rotterdam, 2d, 1891-1904. 

Presbyterian. 
Knox, lohn P., b. July 28, 181 1, Savannah, Georgia. R.C. 30, N.B.S. n, 

1. Cr. N.B.; Nassau 38-41, Utica, 41-4, St. Thomas. W.I., 47-54. 

(Presbyt. Newtown, L.I.). Died June 2, 1882. 
Publications: Hist, of R.D.C. Nassau. 1841.— Hist, of Is. of St. 
Thomas, with notices of St. Croix and St. John's, 1851. 



386 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Knox, Taber, (grandson of Rev. John Knox), b. N.Y.C., Oct. 29, 1863; 
C.C. 83, U.S. 86, 1. CI. N.Y.; Tarrytown, 2d. 87-9, Philadelphia, 4th, 

89-94, Warwick, 1894 . Pres. P.S. N.B. 1906. Minister Am. Ch. 

at Hague 1912. Chaplain U.S.A., France, 1918. 
Knox, Wm. White, (son of John P. Knox), b. Utica, N.Y.; P.U. 62, P.S. 
6; lie. Presb. Nassau; (Woodhaven, N.Y., 67-9, also S.S. Springfield, 
68-9, Huntington, N.Y., 69-81), Bayonne, N.J., ist, 81-93, (New Bruns- 
wick. 1st. Presb.. 1893-1918. P. Em.. 1918 ). 

Kocherthal, Joshua, a Lutheran minister, b. 1669; c. to America, 1708; 
supplied East and West Camp, N.Y., 1708-9, 1710-19, died. 
The Reformed and Lutherans worshipped much together at this time. 
The Quassaic (Newburgh) colony came over with Kocherthal, and he also 
preached at Newburg frequently. He also brought over a bell for his church, 
the gift of Queen Anne. This bell was loaned to the Lutheran Church of 
New York, about 1713. when it remained for twenty years, being taken 
back to Newburg in 1733. He and many of his co-religionists had fled from 
the Lower Palatine to England because of the ravages of the French army. 
They were denizened in England by royal order. Aug. 25. 1708, and were 
sent to New York, at the expense of the government, with Lord Lovelace. 
In 1719, the land was apportioned to them in nine parcels, of which Kocher- 
thal's wife and children received Lot No. 5, containing about 250 acres. 
In the year 1709 he visited England about the affairs of the colony, and re- 
turned in 1710. Other Palatines came over at the same time, and settled 
at East and West Camp, Livingston Manor. Another company arrived in 
1722. See Ecc. Rec. N.*Y. Manual, 1902. 

Koechli, Fred., b. Berne, Switzerland, Nov. 19, 1871. Methodist Episcopal, 
1885-7, w. c, Plainfield, (Ger.) 87-93, Somerville, 4th, (Ger.), 1886- 
1908. d. Aug. 8. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1909, 529. 
Koeppe, Edwin W., b. Dec. 24, 1888, Holland, Wis. H.C. 1914. W.T.S. 

1919. Missionary to China 1919 . M.D. 

Koerlin, Ernest F., b. Monch Kappe, Pomerania, Germany; Ger. Theolog. 
School, Bloomfield, N.J., 93, Th. Sem. of same, 96, lie. Presb. of Eliza- 
beth; Davis and Delaware, la., 1897-1902; Scotland, S. D., 1902-06; 
Davis (Bethel), S. D., 1906-08; North Sibley, la., 1909-13; Monroe, 

S. D., 1914-19; Classical Miss. CI. of Germania, 1920 

Kolvn, Matthew, b. Franklin, Wis., June 23, 1856; H.C. 77, N.B.S. 80, 
1. CI. Holland; S.S. of Presbyt. Ch. Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., 80-1, 
ord. by CI. Geneva, 81 ; Marion, N.Y., 81-6, Spring Lake, Mich., 86-8, 
Kalamazoo, ist, Mich., 88-93, Orange City, la., 93-8, Principal, North- 
western Classical Academy, Orange City, la., 98-1901, Grand Rapids, 
2d, Mich. 1901-1910. Professor of Historical Theology W.T.S. 1910- 
18. d. May 13. 
Dr. Kolyn was a successful pastor and preacher of marked ability. He 
was "apt to teach," and it was because of his qualification in this respect 
that he was so successful as principal of Northwestern Academy and in the 
chair of the Theological Professor. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1918, 600. 

Publications: On joint committee for publication of Hymnal of the 
Reformed Church. 

Kommers, Tunis John, b. July 8, 1856, Middleburg, Zeeland, in the Nether- 
lands; H.C. 1881, N.B.S. 1884, 1. CI. Grand River; Pompton. 1884-6, 
Knox Memorial. N.Y.C.. 1886-8, (Owray, Colorado, 1889-9. Presb.), 
Linden. N.J., 1889-91, Lafayette, Jersey City, 1891-1903. (Union 
Church, National City, Cal., 1903-04. d. April 2). 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1904, 838. 
Kooiker. Garret. H.C. 1897. W.T.S. 1900. 1. by CI. Holland. Britton, 
Mich., 19CO-03; Centerville, Mich., 1903-05; Kalamazoo, Bethany. 

1905-11; Grand Rapids, Bethel, 1911-16. (Cong. Ch., Colorado, . 

Pres. Ch., Battle Creek, Mich., ). 



THE MINISTRY 387 

Koop, E. Candidate Classis Pleasant Prairie 1921. 

Koopman, H. R., Low Prairie, 1865-8, High Prairie, 1870-7, Paterson, 6th, 

1879-84, d. June 24. 
KortcHng, George, b. Chicago, 111., Sept. 22, 1879. H.C. 1901. N.B.S. 
1904. Ord. by CI. Wis. Clinton, Okl., 1904-09; Fairview, Ok!., 1909- 

II. (Pres. Creston, la., 1911-20; Oelwein, la., 1920 ). Served as 

Y.M.C.A. Sec., Europe, 1918-19. Pres. Bd. Trustees Lenox Col., Hop- 
kinton, la., 1921 

Kosa, Andrew, b. Hungary, Oct. 15, 1896. Bloomfield Sem. 1919. 1. by 
Pres. Morris and Orange, 1919. Manville, N. J., 1920 

Koster, Martin E., b. Friesland, Neth., Feb. 19, 1873. H.C. and Kalamazoo 
Col. 1902. W.T.S. 1905. 1. by CI. Mich. 1905. Danforth, 111., 1905- 
11; Fulton, 111., 1st, 1911-16; Fulton, 111., 2d, 1916-18; East William- 
son, N. Y., 1918 

Koster, Sipko E.. b. Netherlands, Ap. 25, 1867; (The School of Chr. Refd. 
Ch. 89, Th. Sem. Chr. Refd. Ch. 92, ord. by Chr. Refd. Ch. 92; Kellogs- 
ville, Mich., 92-3, Kalamazoo, 93-6, both in Ch. Refd. Ch.) S.S. Middle- 
burg, la., 97-8. pastor, 98-1900. Hull, la., 1900-1905. w. c. De Motte, 
Ind., 1908-11. Morrison. 111., Ebcnezer, 1911-16. Firth, Neb., 1918 

Kots, John Wm,. b. Aalten. Gueiderland, Netherlands, Nov. 24, 1863; H.C. 
96, W.S. 99, 1. CI. Iowa; Friesland, Minn., 1899-1905; also Sandstone, 
1903-05; Carmel, la., 1905-11. CI. Miss. CI. Iowa, 1911-20. Matlock, 
la., 1920 

Kramer. George, b. Feb. 6, 1872. Foreston, 111. Dubuque Col. 1896. Pres. 
T.S. 1899. 1. by Pres. Dubuque. (Pres. 1899-1908. Ch. Ref. 1908-12). 
Davis, S. D., Bethel. 1912-16. CI. Miss. CI. of Germania, 1916- 

Krause. Carl. Candidate CI. Bergen 1902-08. 

Krausher, F. J., Woodhaven, Grace Ch., 1892-3. 

Kregel, John Herman, b. Feb. 4, 1883, Meppel, Drenthe, Neth. H.C. 1906. 
W.T.S. 1914. 1. by CI. Wis. 1914. Mt. Greenwood, 111., 1914-17; Kal- 
amazoo, 4th, 1917-19; Jiull, la., 1919 

Kremer. John. b. Neth.. Feb. 2, 1832. Theo. Sch.. Kempen 1865. Pastor 
in Netherlands. (Grand Rapids. Christian Ref.). South Holland, 111., 
1879-83. Zeeland. 1883-92. Detroit, 1892-1902. d. July 19. 1907. 
Min. Gen. Syn.. 1908. 234. 

Kriekaard. Adrian, b. at Niewdorp, Netherlands. Oct. 18, 1839; R.C. 63. 

N.B.S. 66, 1. CI. Holland; Rochester, 66-8. Kalamazoo, 68-76, Grand 

Rapids, 3d, 1876-1902. President Holland Home for Aged, Grand 

Rapids, d. Sept. 3, 1907. 

He was a forceful preacher, genial, friendly and optimistic. Min. Gen. 

Syn.. 1908, 235. 

Kriekaard, Cornelius, b. Nieuwdorp, Prov. Zeeland, Netherlands, July 
29, 1848. H.C. 1874. N.B.S. 77^ 1. CI. N.B.; Albany, (Holl.) 77-9, 
Roseland. 111.. 79-84. Danforth, 111., 84-8, Lafayette, Ind., 88-92, Hull, 
la., 93-6, Clara City, and Roseland, Minn., 96-8, Three Oaks, Mich., 
1899-1905. S.S. Ada, Mich., 1912-17. Emeritus 1917. 

Krisik, Alois A., b. Kolozsvar, Hungary, Oct. 12, 1876. Bloom. Sem. 1909- 
10. N.B.S. 1912. 1. by CI. Westchester, 1913. Peekskill, Hungarian, 
1912-14; West Side Hungarian, Chicago, 1915-17. 

Kroesche. August C, b. Germany. Dubuque Col. 1892. Univ. Wis. A.M. 
1908. Dubuque Sem. 1894. 1. by Pres. Freeport, 1894. Teaching 
Dubuque Col. 1894-1904. (Pres. Pulaski. Wis., 1905-07, Madison, Wis., 
1907-12). Pekin, 2d. 111., 1915-17. Silver Creek, German Vallev, 111., 
1917— 

Kroesche. Frederick Henry, b. Germany. Dubuque Col. 1891. Dubuque 
Sem. 1894. 1. by Pres. Freeport 1893. (Pres. Bethel, Bay, Mo., 94-7. 
Union, Stacyville, la., 1897-1902. Harper, 111., 1903-13. Salem, Mo., 

1913-15)- Elim, Kings. la.. 1915 

Publications: Articles in German press. 



388 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Krom, Asbury E., b. Oxford, O., Oct. 31, 1869; Miami Univ. 92; U.T.S. Q7, 

(S.S. Westminster, Houston, Texas. Presbyt. 1897), S.S. Bergen Point, 

1898-1901. D.D. by U.T.S. 1897. 
Kroodsma, Robert, b. Dec. 3, 1890, Vriesland, Mich. H.C. 1914. W.T.S. 

1917. 1. by CI. Holland. Manhattan and Hope, Big Timber, Mon. 

1917-19; Clymer Hill, N. Y., 1919-21. 
Publications : Poems, 1913. 
Krueger, Chs. H. T., b. at Stettin, Pomerania, Germany, 1850; R.C. 1874; 

N.B.S. 1877, lie. S. CI. L.I.; Newark, East, 1877-80, d. Dec. 16. See 

"Ch. Int.," Dec. 23, 1880. 
Krueger, Harm. T., b. Ap. 16, 1867, at Shannon, 111.; Ger. Theolog. Semi- 
nary at Dubuque, la., 1893; 1. by Presbytery of Dubuque; Washington, 

la., 1893-8. d. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1899, 561. 
Kruidenier, Jeremias, b. Hitzert, Hoi., Feb. 13, 1864. H.C. 1886. N.B.S. 

86-7. 
Kruizenga, Evert R., b. Ferrysburg. Mich., Oct. 14, 1877. H.C. 1904. N.B.S. 

1907. 1. by CI. Grand River. Bedminster, 1907-13. (Pres. Port Jervis, 

1913 )• 

Krum, Josephus D., b. Hillsdale, N. Y., Alarch 10, 1833. R.C. 1858. N.B.S. 

61; Florida, 61-5, (Seneca Falls, Presbyt. 65-79). Episcopalian. D.D. 

Ham. Col. 1874. 
Kruys-Voorberge, J. P. J. From the Netherlands. 1. by CI. Holland 1912. 

Ustick, 111., 1912-18; Vesper, Wis., 1918-21 ; Returned to Netherlands. 
Kuiper, Albert, b. Kalamazoo, Mich., June 10, 1870; H.C. 93, N.B.S. 96, 

1. CI. Grand River; Unionville, Westchester Co., N.Y., 1896-1905. d. 

Nov. 21. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1906, 600. 
Kuiper, A. C. Ebenezer (Holland, Mich.), 1867-77. 
Kuite, John, b. Holland, Mich., March 3, 1891. H.C. 1916. W.T.S. 1919. 

1. by CI. Holland 1919. Graduate student P.S. 1919-21. Chicago, Gano, 

111., 1921 

Kuizenga, John E., b. Dec. 20, 1876, Muskegon, Mich. H.C. 1899. Prof. 

English and Greek, Northwestern CI. Acd. 1900-03. W.T.S. 1904. 1. 

by CI. Holland 1904. Graafschap 1904-1906. H.C. 1906-1915, Prof. 

Philosophy and Bible. Prof. Practical Theo. W.T.S. 1915. Editor 

the Leader 1919 . A.M. Univ. Mich. 1915. D.D. by H.C. 1916. 

Publications: 4 Catechetical Manuals, 1918-21. Sermons and addresses. 

Kuss, C. , Sandusky City, 1855-6. 

Kuyper, Cor. H.C. 1898. W.T.S. 1901. 1. by CI. Iowa. Graafschap, 

Mich., 1901-04; Grand Rapids, 4th, Mich., 1904-11; Cedar Grove, Wis., 

1911 

Kuyper, Hubert, b. Orange City, la., April 23. 1877. N.W. Classical 

Academy. W.T.S. 191 1. 1. by CI. la. 1911. Missionary to Japan 1911. 
Kuypers, Gerardus Arense, b. Dec. 16, 1766, in Curacoa, (son of War. 

Kuypers) ; studied under D. Romeyn and H. Meyer, lie. by Synod of 

D.R. Chs. 1787; Paramus and Saddle River, i788'-9. New York, 1789- 

1833, d. June 28. Prof, of Hebrew, 1799-1804, A.M. by C.N.J. 1810. 

D.D. by Q.C. 1810. 
His father removed to this country when Gerardus was but t^vo years 
old. He was licensed to preach at the early age of nineteen. He was called 
from Paramus, to preach in Dutch, at the Garden Street Church, and he 
continued to officiate in that language till 1803. He was a modest, retiring 
man, never seeking popularity. His great desire, in his several duties, was 
to please his Master. He was a man of the greatest uprightness and sin- 
cerity. In his character there was a beautiful symmetry and harmony. 
Meekness and humility were his prominent traits. The jealousy of superior 
talent and reputation was a sentiment to which he was a stranger. He was 
peculiarly useful and happy in. the chamber of sickness, being a "son of 
consolation," rather than a "son of thunder." 



THE MINISTRY 389 

See Addresses at his funeral b_v Drs. Brodhead and Knox. "Sprague's 

Annals." "Gunn's Livingston," cd. 1856, 385. "McClintock's Cyc," "Ch. 

Int.," July, 1833. "Collegiate Ch. Year Book," 1889. 79. Manual, 1902. 

Kuypers, VVarmoidus, b. in Holland, 1732, studied at University of Gronin- 

gen, (in company with Westerlo, Rysdyck, and H. Meyer), Curacoa, 

(17.. — 68). Rhinebeck Flats, and S.S. at Upper Red Hook and the 

Landing, 1769-71, Hackensack, (2d), and Schraalenburgh, (2d), 1771-' 

97. d. 

Mr. Kuypers was settled over that part of the church at Hackensack 

which had belonged to the Conferentie party. They remained unrepresented 

in Classis, after the articles of union between the parties, for fifteen years. 

He was a contemporary for three years with Goetschius, for nine years with 

D. Romeyn, and for nine with Solomon Froeligh. The controversies of the 

day greatly marred the usefulness and comfort of those servants of God. 

Their trials were neither few nor small. They also stood aloof from the 

other section of the community in Hackensack, because of a certain charter 

which that party had obtained, covering, it is supposed, the church property, 

in an offensive way. (Froeligh, Goet.schius, Curtexius). Yet Mr. 

Kuypers himself seems to have been a peaceful and quietly-disposed man. 

He was in his old age, while Mr. Froeligh was in his prime, which was 

greatly to the disadvantage of his people. He had been separated from his 

people for five days, with an ample provision on their part to pay him an 

annuity for life, when he died. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Kuypers, William Provost, (s. of Warmoldus Kuypers), b. at Hackensack, 
1773; studied under Livingston, lie. by Synod of D.R. Chs. 1792; Miss, 
on Delaware, 1792-3, Paramus and Saddle River, 1793-6, susp. 1797, 
deposed, 1797, restored, 1798. Boonton, 1801-5, (Hempstead, Presbyt. 
1805-13), Miss, in Southwest, especially in Texas, and Red River dis- 
trict, 1813-21, w. c, d.- 1851. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Kuypers, Zechariah H., (s. of Warmoldus Kuypers), b. at Rhinebeck, 1771 ; 
studied under Livingston, 1. CI. of Hackensack, 1793; Jamaica, New- 
town, Success, Oyster Bay, 1794-1802, Jamaica, Success, Oyster Bay, 
1802-18, Success, Oyster Bay, and Lakeville, 1818-24, Ponds, Wyckoff, 
and Preakness, 1825-42, w. c. 1842-8, emeritus, d. 1850, Oct. — See 
"Prime's L.L," 295. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Kvle. Henrv Zophar, b. Covtesville, N.J.. June 15, 1870; U.S. 96; entered 

CI. N.Y., 1898-1905. 
Kyle. Joshua R., b. at Cedarsville, Greene Co., Ohio, Aug. 2, 1834; Miami 
Univer. 59, United Presb. Sem. Xenia, O., 63, lie. by United Presb. 
Church, Xenia, 1862; (United Presb. Ch. Fall River, Mass., 1867-75, 
U.P. Pittsburgh, Pa., 76-79) ; Port Jackson, 81-8, Cranesville, 88-9, 

Amsterdam, ist, 1889 . D.D. Miami Univ. 

Kyle, Thomas, Salt River, Kentucky, 1804-16, became a Methodist. 

Labagh. Ab. L. b. Aug. 4, 1805 ; N.B.S. 26, 1. CI. X.Y. ; Evangelist at Rhine- 
beck. 26-7, St. Thomas. W.L. 27-42, Gravesend, 42-59, w. c. 1865, d. 

Labagh. Isaac, b. 1764, studied theology under Livingston, 1. by Synod of 
D.R. Chs. 1788; Kinderhook 1789-1801. also supplying Taghkanick 
1799-1800, Krum 1800. 1812-13. supplying Canajoharie. Stone .Arabia 
1801-03. New Rhinebeck 1803-11. also Sharon 1808-11. Greenbush. 1811-13 
and Wynant's Kill 1811-13. New Rhinebeck. 1813-14, German Ref. Ch. N. 
Y.C. 1814-22. New Rhinebeck 1823-26, Missionary to Utica 1827-37, 
died Julv 24. 1837, sus. 1826, restored 1827. sus, 1830, restored 1830, 
A.M., Q'.C. 1813. 

Labagh. Isaac P., b. Aug. 14, 1804; (s. of Peter Labagh;) N.B.S. 26, 1. CI. 
Philadelphia ; Waterford, 27-30, supplied Orchard st., N.Y., 31-2, 



390 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Graveseiid, 32-42, w. c. 42-5, suspended for heresies concerning Second 
Advent and the Christian Sabbath. Episcopalian. Died Dec. 29, 
1869. 
Publications : Review of Dr. McClelland on Bib. Interp. 1842. — A Ser. 
on Personal Reign of Christ. 1846. — Twelve Lects. on "Great Events of 
Unfulfilled Prophecy." 1859. — "Theoklesia, or the Organization, Perpetuity. 
Conflicts and Triumphs of the One Holy Cath. Apost. Ch." 1868. 
Labagh, Peter, b. in N.Y.C. 1773, studied under Froeligh and Livingston, 1. 
by CI. Hackensack 1796, Miss, to Salt River, Kentucky, 1796-7, Catskill 
and Oakhill, 1798-1809, also supplying Schoharie Kill and Blenheim, 
1798-1803, Harlingen 1809-1844, also Neshanic 1809-21, d. 1858, Trus- 
tee of Q.C. 1811, D.D. by Q.C. 1811. 
He was a man of unusual ability who obtained a strong local influence, 
which under different conditions might have been much more extensive 
than it was. See Manual 1902. 

Publications: Extracts from his Inaugural at Harlingen, 1809, Charge 
to Heermance, 1832, and Ser. on Death of Rev. W. R. Smith, are given in 
Memoir. 

Labaw, George Warne, b. Feb. 29, 1848, near Clinton, N.J.; R.C. C9, N.B.S. 
"i, 1. CI. Philadelphia ; Northumberland and Fort Miller, 73-4. S.S. 
Ridgewood, 1874, Blue Mountain, 74-82, Colt's Neck, 82-9, Preakness, 

1889 . S.C. CI. Passaic 1898. Supt. N.B.S. 1908-13. Com. on 

Necrology, 1907-12. . 
Publications: Historical Discourse at Centennial of Preakness, N.J., 
1901 ; 1902. A Genealogy of the Warne Family in America, 191 1. Revo- 
lutionary History of Preakness and Locality, 1919. Class of 1869, R.C, 
1916. Articles in press. 

Laborei, Jacques, b. Cardaillac, in the Department du Lot, France, 16 — ; 
studied theolgoy at Geneva, Switzerland, graduating March 12, 1688; 
ord. at Zurich, Oct. 30, 1688; went to England. Licensed by the Bishop 
of London to teach Grammar, and to catechize in the parish of Stepney ; 
preaching in the French Chs. of London, 1688-98; c. to America; New 
Oxford, Mass., 1699-1704, also teaching the Indians, whose language 
he learned. French Ch. of New York, Oct. 15, 1704-6, Aug. 25. (His 
call dated Sept. 10, 1704). Became Episcopalian, 1706. Practised 
medicine and surgery. In 1716, settled in Fairfield Co., Connecticut, as 
a physician, occasionally assisting in Episcopal services. Died about 
1734. — "Doc. Hist., N.Y.," iii. 250, 427-433, 478. "Col. Hist. N.Y." iv. 
684, 755 ; V. 63. "Baird's Huguenots," ii. 145-6. — Collections of Hu- 
guenot Soc. xxv.-xvii. 
Laes, Henry, a minister at Fort Altona, on the Delaware, was disgraced and 

fined for mal-conduct, Ap. 10, 1660. — "Mag. R.D.C." iii. 54. 
Laidlaw, Walter, b. Nerval, Ontario. Mar. 7. 1861 ; Univer. Toronto, 81, 
P.S. 84. ord. Presbyt. Albany, (West Troy (Germain Mem.) 86-92; 
Pres. Fairhaven, Wash., 92-3), assistant pastor. Collegiate Ch. N.Y.C, 

1893-1895. Presbyterian 1907 

Laidlie. Archibald, b. at Kelso, Scotland, Dec. 4. 1727; University of Edin- 
burgh; (Flushing. Holland, 1759-63), New York, 1763-79, d. S.T.D. 
by C.N.J. , 177c. 
He kept a diary of his life, giving us his spiritual experiences. He cared 
not for outward appearances, for the display of much knowledge, for polem- 
ics, or for the polish of style and diction, but he was anxious to have his 
heart thoroughly imbued with the saving influences of the gospel. He 
looked upon doctrines chiefly in reference to their heavenly and purifying 
efficacy. Theory was nothing without practice. Hence he sought to make 
every doctrine tell on the heart of his audience, by coming from his own 
heart warmed with the consciousness of the loveliness and worth of the 
truth. He believed that, to be an able steward of the gospel, one must 
have sat long at the feet of Jesus, and have drunk deep of his spirit and 



THE MINISTRY 39I 

grace. Hence he was one of the most spiritual, practical, and heart-search- 
ing preachers of his da\-. His tastes led him to no profound discussions. 
His amiability kept him separate from polemics. He presented the pure 
doctrine of Christ with evidences, brief yet clear, noticing extremes and 
errors, and then cautioning, reproving, advising, and comforting. He pos- 
sessed a minute and extensive knowledge of human nature, and of the 
Christian's trials and joys, and he brought forth from his treasury things 
new and old. He was unusually successful in winning souls. A great re- 
vival attended his efforts. His manner was plain, easy and affectionate. 
He was a faithful pastor. He was humble and grave, bold, persevering, 
patient of injuries and reproaches, indefatigable, full of charity and cour- 
teous feeling. On the back of a characteristic sermon, on Ps. 62:8, dis- 
playing great force and richness of Christian experience, a warmth of pious 
feeling, and a pathos and divine unction unusually instructive and touch- 
ing, he has written, in his own hand, "Preached' in the North Church, 
Feb. 25, 1770. N.B. — The Lord was pleased to bless this to many of God's 
people. Thanks to His divine goodness ! He leaves us not without a wit- 
ness." He was the first regular English preacher in America among the 
Reformed from Holland. 

He came amid much opposition, on account of the prejudice of many 
against the English language. Dr. Livingston frequently adverted to the 
salutary influence which the ministry of Laidlie exerted not only in his 
own denomination, but in the cause of religion in the city. His diary, or 
parts of it, will be found in "Mag. R.D.C." iii. Domines Ritzema and De 
Ronde, with several laymen, were appointed a committee to procure from 
Holland a minister to preach in English. Their letter and Dr. Laidlie's 
reply may be seen in "Ch. Int.," Feb. ig and 26, 1857. De Ronde afterward, 
however, sided with the opponents of English preaching, in the lawsuit 
which grew out of it. Dr. Laidlie died of consumption, at Red Hook, 
while in exile from the eity on account of the Revolution. — See "Mag. 
R.D.C." ii. 33-38, 161, 314, iii. 5, 24, 70, 107, 299, 360. "Gunn's Livingston," 
1st ed. 105, 106. "Doc. Hist.," iii. 309, 311. "Sprague's Annals." "Mc- 
Clintock's Cvc." "Mints. Ch. N.Y." Ecc. Rec. N. Y. "Collegiate Ch. Year 
Book," 1886, p. 75. 

PuBLiCATioxs : A part of his Introduct. Ser., 1764, in "Sprague's An- 
nals," p. 41, "Mag. R.D.C." ii. 161. He translated the Heidelberg Catechism 
from Latin into English, for use in R.D.C, about 1770. De Ronde had in 
1763 made an English version also, probably from the Dutch. See "Cen- 
tennial Discs.," 87, 88. 

For an account of English speaking churches in Holland. See Alanual. 
1902, 564. 

Laing, J., Argyle, 1832-3. 

Laman, Arend Thomas, b. Jan. 2^. 1882, Groningen, Neth., H.C. 1909. 
W.T.S. 1912, 1. by CI. G.R. Indianapolis, Ind., 1912-14, Baldwin, Wis., 

1914-21, Oostburg, Wis., 1921 

Lamar, John, H.C. 1888, W.S. 91, Grand Rapids, 7th, 91-3, Grand Rapids, 
loth, 93-8, Rochester, 2d, 1898-1912, Chicago, 111., Roseland, 2d, Beth- 
any, 1912 

Lammers, Barend \\'illiam. b. Cedar Grove, Wis., Tune 24, i860; H.C. 
86, N.B.S. 89, 1. CI. N.B.; Hull, la.. 89-92, Jamestown, ist, (Forest 
Grove, Mich.). 1892-1903, serving American Tract Society 1903-05, 
Westfield (Hope) X.D., 1905-10, Corsica, S.D., 1910-14, Silver Creek, 
Maple Lake, Minn., 1914-21, Sodus, N.Y., 1921 — - 
Lansiedel, .Wm., b. July 17, 1878, Barmen, Germany, Mission House, Coll. 
and Sem., 1903, I. by S. Dakota CI. Ref. Ch. U.S. 1903, (Missionary 
S. Dakota Ref. Ch. U.S. .A. 1903-05, Ashley, N.D., 1905-08. Campbell- 
port, Wis., 1908-13), Bailevville, 111., 1914-15, Wellsburg. la., 1916 — , 
S.C. CI. Milwaukee Ref. Ch. U.S. 1908-13. 
Publication : Articles for the press. 



392 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Lane. Gilbert, b. at Readington, NJ., Nov. 29, 1828; R.C. 51. N.B.S. 54, 1. 
CI. Philadelphia; ord. by CI. North Carolina, (G.R.C.), Alay, 56; 
(North Carolina, as Miss, of Ger. Ref. Ch. 55-57), Gallupville and 
Knox, 57-60, (Schooley Mountain and Mansfield, 2d; Presbyt. 60-66) ; 
also Chaplain in army, 1864-65; Florida, 66-73, S.S. Three Bridges, 
N.J., 1877-80, Grahamville, 81-8, Cuddebackville, 88-92, Minisink, 93- 
1896, died Ap. 2-j. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1896, 498. — "Biog. Notices 
of Grads. R.C," 1896, 19. 

Lane, Stoddard, b. July 2, 1887, Unionville, Conn., A.C. 1909, Hart. Sem. 
1913, P.G. Univ. of Berlin 1914, 1. by Cong. Ass. Hartford, Conn., 
1912, (Acting pastor Ch. of Pilgrims, Brooklyn, 1914-15), Bogota, N.J., 

1915 

Lang, John Ebenezer, b. 1839, at Schaffhausen, Switzerland ; grad. at 
Schafifhausen, 1859; at Basle, Zurich, and Tiibingen, 65; lie. by CI. 

, 66; ord. Presby. 66; (Wilkesbarre, Pa., 66-75, Presbyt.) 

N.Y.C. Melrose, 1875-91, d. Aug. 15. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1892. 

Lang, W. Gordon. S.S. Steinway, L. L, 1909-13. 

Langwith, Frank A., b. March 9, 1893. R.C. 1915. N.B.S. 1918. 1. by CI. 
N.B. Wialpack, Lower, Bushkill, Pa., 1918-20. Marbletown, N. Y., 
1920-21. Middlebush, N. J., 1921 

Lansdale, Joseph Tucker, b. Dec. 13, 1866, Baltimore, Md. Baltimore City 
Col. 1886. Drew T. Sem. 1891. 1. by BaUimore Conf. M.E. Ch. 1891. 
Service in M.E. Ch. 1891-97. Bethany Alemorial, N. Y. C. (S.S.), 
1897-1904. Marconn'er, Oak Tree, N. J., S.S., 1906-12. Pastor, 1912-21. 

Lansing, Ab. G., (brother of Rev. J. A. Lansing), b. 1829; U.C. 53; Miss, 
of Am. Board, among the Choctaws, Indian Territory, 54-8; New 
Salem and Clarksville, 58-62, Saratoga, 62-7, Saratoga and Fort Miller, 
67-8, Miss, at Pella, 68-70, Otley, Iowa, 70-2, Norris, 111., 73-4, Irving 
Park, 74-7, New Salem, 78-1885, Blue Mountain, 85-7, d. Sept. 8. See 
"Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1888, 678. 

Lansing, Jacob A., b. at Watervliet, 1797, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. Schenectady; 
Wynantskill, 42-8, w. c. 1856, d. See "Manual of 1879." 

Lansing, John A., b. at Lisha's Kill, 1824; U.C. 42, N.B.S. 45, 1. CI. Schen- 
ectady; S.S. Day, 45-8, Bethlehem, 2d, 48-60, Catskill, 60-6, Sec. Bd. 
Publication, 66-75, S.S. Coxsackie, 2d, TJ, Chaplain Am. Union Ch., 
Rome. Italy, 78, S.S. Spring Valley, 79. Died Tulv 22, 1884. D.D. by 
U.C. 1861. 
Publications: "Ministerial Support," 1854. 

Lansing, John Gulian, (son of Rev. Gulian Lansing), b. Damascus, Syria, 
Nov. 27, 1851 ; U.C. 75, N.B.S. JJ, 1. CI. Alontgomery ; Mohawk, 77-9, 
West Troy, 79-84, Prof. Old Testament Langs, and Exegesis, N.B.S. 
84-98, engaged in Editorial Work, Denver, Col., 1898-1906. d. Sept. 

3- DD- 

Dr. Lansing was a peculiar genius. His ability and teaching capacity 

were of a high order. His heart was warm and his affection impulsive. 
Disease dogged him throughout his life and finally made him an invalid. 
But this seemed to add to his brilliancy and gave to his preaching and work 
an uncanny brightness. He was the founder of the Arabian Mission. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1907, 913. 

Publications: Am. Revised Version of the Psalms, 1885. — Manual of 
Arabic Grammar, 1888. — Sermon on President Garfield, 1881. — Pre-Islamic 
Literature. — Outlines of Special Introduction to the Books of the Old 
Testament, 1897 . 

(His father. Rev. Dr. Gulian Lansing, was a missionary at Damascus, but 
was transferred to Egypt in 1857. See "Miss. Rev. V.," 804. He published 
"Egypt's Princes, a Narrative of Missionary Labor"; N.Y. 1865.) 
Lansing, John V. S.. Ham. C. 1820, P.S. 1824. lie. by seceders ; Wynants' 
and Rooster's Kill, 1824-6, Tappan and Clarkstown, 1826, w. c. 1826-9, 
Associate Ref., Bloomingdale and White Lake, 1829-32, d. 



THE MINISTRY 393 

Publications: Address to Friends of Sound Doctrine, etc., in T. R. D. 
C. Pub. anonymously. , „. i r i r^^ 

Lansing, Nicholas, b. at Albany, 1748; studied under W csterlo, lie. by Gen- 
eral Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 17H0; Ancram, Stissick, and Liv- 
ingston Manor, (the latter representing Greenbush, Linlithgo, and 
Taghkanic), 1781-4, Tappan and Clarkstown, 1784-1830. .J^Ppan. 1830- 
5 d See sketch in Manual of 1879- See also Dr. David Cole s Hist, 
of Church of Tappan. N.Y., 1894. ^, ^, t a «^, ^' r 

Lansing, Raymond Augustus, b. Lisha s Kill, N.\., June 26, i8/3. L^C 
94, N.B.S. 97, 1. CI. Schenectady; Glen, N.Y., 1897-1901. d. March 

A^^young man of great promise cut off at the beginning of his career. 
Min. 'Gen. Syn., 1903, 520. 

Lappius. See Loppius. ^^ ,, tt o^ d c -q tt t; An (^^ S S 

Larimore, Jas. Wilson, b , N.Y.U. 1856. P,S. 58. U.S., 69 ( . ) b.b. 

Cold Spring. 60, Albany, 3d. 60-1 ; see P.S Gen. Lat. 
Larzelere. Jacob, b. I775; studied theol. under Livmpton. 1. C . J^.V .. 
1796; N. and S. Hampton, 1797-1828, d. 1834, A.M by C.C. 1804. 
Publication: A Sermon on the Death of Gerard \\ynkoop,i8i2. 

lasher, Calvin E.. b. Clermont. N.Y., Jan. 11. 1850; R-C. 1870, N.B.S. /3. 
He. CI. Hudson; Guilford, 1873-1915- ^'•^'™- ^^iS- n -d c -t 1 

La Tourette las. A. M.. b. N.Y.C. Mar. 22,, 1825; N.\.lJ. 48. P-S. ^i, 1- 
Presbyt. N.Y. ; Westfield, (now Huguenots). S.L, 51-5; Episcopalian 
See P.S. Gen. Cat. 

Laubach, W. Wortendyke, 1899. . , ^ , „, „ ^ „„, x t o c 

Laubenheimer, John. b. New Brunswick. July 12. ib6i ; .^'C- ^8^3^/^f ;^^: 
86 1 CI West Hempstead. 86-8. Greenbush. 1 888-1 901. Lec- 

turer Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons, State of N.Y., 
1901-09. Chaplain N.Y. Assembly 1908, drowned in Lake George, July 
IS, 1909, Min. Gen. .,Syn., 1910, 827. 

Laufer. C. W. S.S.. Steinway. 1901-1906. 

Lawrence, Charles L., b. Ludlow. Vt Sept. 2). 1869. N^B.S. 189:,-/. C^^- 
1897-8. Miss, in Newark. North Ch. 1898-9, High Bridge, N.J., 1899- 
1902 irvington, 1902-1903, journalist. 1904 

Lawrence. C. M., S.S. Raritan. 111.. I9i5-i9- 

Lawrence. D. W., S.S. Cicero, N.Y., 1876. r MV tS.c-TIC 

Lawrence, Egbert Charles, b. at Borodino. Onondaga Co.. N.Y., 1845 ,U^G^ 
69, tutor. U.C. 70-2, P.S. 75- He Presbyt. N B. ; (Brooklyn. G ace 
Ch Presbyt.. 75-6, assisted in publication of Jas. B. Thomson s nevv 

Algebra, and made the key to it. 76-7;) Po^^o'^'"^^!, ". rrr'^'i's. 

SS Owasco Omlet. 77-8, Schenectady, 2d. 78-80. Prof. U.C. ,8-82. 

Thousand Isles. 82-8. Alt. \'ernon, 88-90, Westhampton, 90-1, Ph.U 

by Syracuse Univ. 
Publications: "Historical Recreations. xtrc 

Lawrence. Wm. H.. b. Farmingdale. NJ.. Oct. 14^ 1848 ; R.C.1874. N^B.S 

1874-5. Methodist Episcopal. Ph.D.. Univ. N.Y., 1893. D.D.. Taylor 

Univ.. 1893. 
Publication: Earnest Minister. 1873. x- n c ,e-n 

Lawsing. Sidney Oscar, b. Amsterdam. N.\.. April '6. 1846; N.B.b. i«/9. 

Ik CI Schenectady; Rocky Hill. 79-83- Glen. 83-88. Addisville. 1888- 

1907, Linlithgo. 1907-10. Kiskatom. 1910-17. d- Jan. I9- 1922. 
Leaver. Lawrence Leslie, b. Boyertown. Pa.. Nov. 30. 1875. High School 

and Academy 1893- studied under M. E Conterence 1. by M.E. Ch. 

1900. (Phil. "Vine St. Rescue Mission. 1896- 1900 Cleveland. O bt. 

ClAir St. Rescue Mission 1900-1003. Roselle Park N J.. Aldene M.E. 

1904-10. We.st Caldwell Union Ch. 1912-19). Fairfield. N.J., 1919 

Leckner. A. M.. S.S. Glen. N.Y.. 1836 ^. , ^ , ^ ^ r q ,R,q 1 

Lee Robert P.. b. 1803. at Yorktown. N.Y.; Dick. Col. 1824. N.B.S. 1828, 1. 

'S. CI. N.Y. 1828; Miss, in N.Y.C, 1828-9. Montgomery. 1029-58, d. 



394 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Elected trustee R.C, 1851. D.D. by R.C., 1854. See Manual of 1879. 

Lee, Timothy I. Y.C., Y. Thelog. Seni. (Winstod, Ct. ; New Milford, 
Ct. ; Easton, Pa.. 1889-93), Newark, ist, 1893-1905. 

Leeper, James L., b. Frankfort Springs, Pa. P. Univ. P.S. (Presbyterian). 
Kingston, N. ¥., ist, 191 1-20. 
Publications: Leeper S.S. Helps. Leeper Photographs in Bible and 

Classic Lands. Articles in press. 

LeFevre, DuBois, N., b. New Paltz, N. Y., Aug. 31, 1890. R.C. 1914. U.S. 
1917. 1. by CI. Kingston. Ass. Bergen, N. J., 1917-19. Dropped. 

Le Fevre, George, b. Forest Glen. N. Y.. April 24, 1856. R.C. 1878, N.B.S. 
81, Livingston Manor, 82-6 (Presbyt.). 

Le Fevre. Jas.. b. at New Paltz, N. Y., 1828; R.C. 54, N.B.S. 57. 1. CI. 
Kingston; Raritan, 3d. 57 — Dec. 74, Middlebush, Jan. 75 — 1902, w. c. 
d. May 6, 1914. Trustee R.C. 88. Sec. and Treas. Alumni Ass., N.B.S., 
1887-1914- D.D. R.C. 1893. 
He was a man of large body and a large heart. His kindliness was appar- 
ent to all and his benevolence sought out those in need. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 249. 
Publications : Many articles and sermon in various papers, etc. 

Legget, Lester G., b. N. Y. C. Col. Univ. McCormick Sem. Evangelist. 
I. by CI. Rensselaer 1890. Evangelist, 1890-98. Ass., Newark, North, 
1899; Albany, N. Y., 3d, 1900-1903. (Evangelist, 1903-10). Red Bank, 
N. J., 1914-19; Irvington, N. J., ist. 1919 

Leggett. Wm. Jas.. b. at Shent. N.Y.. Oct. 12. 1848; R.C. 72, N.B.S. 75, 
1. CI. Hudson ; Schodack Landing. 75-82, Claverack, 82-9, Belleville. 
89-93. Nyack, 93-1901. Chatham. 1901-17. Ph.D. N.Y.U. 1891. Pres. 
Bd. Supt. N.B.S. 1910-11. Vice-Pres. G.S. 1918. Pres. P.S.A. 1904. 
Publications: Many articles in Int., etc. 

Legters, L. L., b. Clymer, N. Y., July 8, 1873. H.C. 1900. N.B.S. 1903. 
Arapaho, Okl., Indian Mission, 1903-05; Columbia, Memorial, Okl., 
1906-07; Vermilye Memorial, Lawton, Okl., 1907-10 and Apache 
Indians, Fort Sill, 1907-10. Supt. Indian Work, California, 1910. 
Pres. 1912. 

Lehlbach. Fred. A. From Grand Duchy of Baden. 1850; Newark. 3d, 1850- 
61, suspended. 

Lehman, Fletcher V. W., b. Fultonville, N.Y.. Sept. 24. 1870; H.C. and 
Ham. Col.; N.B.S. 99, 1. CI. Montgomery, 1899-1902; Jerusalem, 1902- 
07; S.S., Union, 1907; S.S., Onesquethaw. 1908; S.S., Union. 1909. 

Leinbach, Paul Seibert, b. Sept. 21, 1874, Womelsdorf. Pa. Franklin and 
Marshall Col. 1895. Eastern Sem. 1898. 1. by Lebanon CI. Ref. Ch. 
U.S. 1898. (Ref. Ch. U.S. Altoona. Pa., Grace, 1898-1900; Pitts- 
burgh, Pa.. Trinity, 1900-04; Easton, Pa., ist. 1904-12). Hamilton 
Grange. N. Y. C, 1913-17. (Ref. Ch. U.S. Editor-in-chief Ref. Ch. 

Messenger, 1917 . Pres. Juniata. Allegheny and East Pa. CI. Ref. 

Ch, U.S. Vice-Pres. P.S. N.Y. R.Ch.A. Sec. Bd. of Home Mis- 
sions. 1904-12. Editor of S.S. Literature. 1904-14. Sec. Am. Commission 
of Editors and S.S. Leaders to Near East 1919. Contributor to Ref. 
Ch. Review. D.D. Heidelberg Univ. 1912. Litt.D. F. and M. Col. 1921. 

Leis. Stillman R., b. Bloomfield. N. J.. Aug. 31, 1882. Bloom. Acd. N.B.S. 
1907. 1. by CI. N.B. Wyantskill, N. Y.. 1907-11 ; Highwood, N. J., 
1911-13. Pres. 1913. 

Leland. Hervev De Loss, b. Elkhorn, Wis., Mar. 8. 1862; Y.C. 85; U.T.S. 
88; ord. by CI. Cayuga, Oct. 2, 88; Owasco Outlet, 88-9; (S.S. Presbyt. 
America, N.Y., 90-6; S.S., Niagara Falls, 1897 

Lenington, George Chamberlain, b. Kokomo, Ind.. Feb. 7. 1873. 111. Col. 
1892. Head Master Am. Sch.. San Paulo. Brazil. 1893-5. McCormick 
Sem. 1898. I. by Pres. Springfield 1896. (Pres. Wellington. 111., 
1898-9; Virginia, III. 1900-1907. Brighton Heights, S. I., 1908-17. 
Union Evan. Ch., Mexico City. Mexico, 1917-18. Captain, Chap. U.S.A., 



THE MINISTRY 395 

France. 1918-19. Field Sec. Progress Campaign, R.C.A., 1919-21. 

Agent for Pension Fund. 1921 . D.D. 111. Col. 1920. 

PuBi.ic.vTioNS : Articles for the press. 
Lente, James Rapalye. h. at Newtown. L.I., Ap. 18. 1822: R.C. 42, N.B.S. 

50, 1. X. CI. L.I.; Warwarsing. 50-3, Rosendale and Bloomingdale, 54- 

64, 18O8, emeritus, d. March 26, 1916. 
Leonard. Frederick M.. b. Brooklyn, N.Y.. March 29. 1876, Y.C. 1899. 

(17 years Baptist Minister). Finderne. N.J., 1921 

PuBLUWTioxs : Articles for press many on economic subjects. 
Lepeltak. Cornelius, b. Grand Haven. Mich., Dec. 21, 1855, student H.C. 

Omaha Sem. 1899. 1. by Kearney Pres. 1899. (Pres. 1899-1913). Luctor. 

Kan.. 1914-19. Forestville, Wis., 1919 

Lepeltak, Peter, b. Netherlands. June 16. 1842; R.C. 62. N.B.S. 65. 1. CI. 

Holland: Roseland. 111.. 65-9. Greenleafton, Minn.. 69-77. Overyssel, 

77-91, Alton, la., 1892-1903. Portage. Mich.. 1903-04. Goodland. Ind.. 

1904-06. d. Feb. 4. 1912. D.D. by H.C. 1903. Min. Gen. Syn., 1912, 560. 
Leslie, A. H.. St. Thomas, W.I., 1916-18. In Canada. 
Leslie, John R., b. Scotland, June 6. 1833, Rochester Univ.. N.B.S. 1856-7, 

Teacher. 
Letson, \Vm. W'arrer, b. New Brunswick. N.J.. Jan. 18, 1830; R.C. 51. 

N.B.S. 54, 1. CI. N.B. ; Ghent, ist. 56-64. Gilboa, 64-8, Amity. 68-80. 

Ramapo, 82-92. also Ramsey's. 82-86; died Sept. 22. 1893. "Mints. Gen. 

Syn.." 1894. 211. "Bi«g. Notices Grads. R.C." 1894, 21. 
Lewis, Henry A.. Tappan, N.Y.. 1911-19. 
Lewis, W'., Lutheran. S.S. Columbia. N.Y.. 1839. 
Leydekker. see Lydekker. 
Leydt. Johannes, b. in Holland, 1718; studied under Frelinghuysen and 

Goetschius, lie. bv Coetus, 1748; New Brunswick and Six Mile Run, 

17-^8-83. d. 
He was a Hollander by birth, and, with an elder brother, emigrated to 
this country, settling at first in Dutchess County, near Fishkill. N.Y. The 
Classis of Amsterdam very reluctantly permitted his ordination in this 
country. His whole ministerial life was spent in one field of labor; and, 
while he does not seem to have left any distinct impressions of his pulpit 
talents, he is represented to have been a very laborious minister. In con- 
nect'on with the organization of new churches, the calling and installation 
of pastors, and the healing of difficulties in congregations, we shall find the 
name of Mr. Leydt. He took a warm interest in the great conflict which 
agital^ed the Church, and. as a member of the liberal and progressive party, 
he commanded a wide influence. Several pamphlets are still preserved 
which he wrote during this period, evincing a thorough knowledge of the 
points in controversy, and showing him to be a man of broad and Chris- 
tian views. These were replied to by Ritzema. At the meeting of General 
Synod, at New Paltz, in 1778, he was elected President. During the war of 
the Revolution, he was a firm patriot, ])reaching upon the tojiics of the day 
so as to arouse the enthusiasm of the i)eo])le, and counselling the young 
men to join the army of freedom. In the cause of education his efforts 
were early and devotedly enlisted. He was one of the prominent movers 
in the organization of Queen's, now Rutgers College. Appointed one of 
the trustees by the charter, he warmly advocated its claims, and gave to this 
cause his best energies. 

Mr. Leydt is described as a short, stout man. of dark features, very quick 
in his movements, and in his disposition kind and affable, .^s a pastor he 
is said ,to have been highly esteemed, and to have had a peculiar faculty of 
drawing around him the young people of his charge. His dress was the 
classical costume of the times, and in his manners he was a gentleman of 
the old school. During the early part of his ministry his preaching was in 
the Dutch language; in his later years one-half of the services were in 
English. His sermons were instructive, and always delivered with a full 



396 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



voice and an earnestness of manner tliat held the attention of his hearers. 
He was a good man, and much respected beyond his own denomination. 
His sudden death, at the age of sixty-live, was regarded as a pubhc loss. — 
Ecc. Rec. N. Y . "Coetus Alints." "McClintock's Cyc." 

Publications : "A Soliloquy on Faith Genuine, or a Dialogue Between 
Self and the Soul, upon the Nature and Necessity of True Faith, in order 
to a Right Warfare Here, and Victorious Triumph Hereafter;" collected 
from some Private Meditations and improved; by Johannes Light (Leydt), 
Dutch Minister of the Gospel at New Brunswick, N.J. ; i Pet. 1:19. "Re- 
ceiving the End of Your Faith Even the Salvation of Your Souls ;" 2 
Cor. 13 :5, "Examine Yourselves ;" Daniel 5:27; Tekel. New York ; print- 
ed and sold by Hugh Gaine, at the printing office in Queens street, between 
the fly and meal market, 1755. (The Misses Roe, of New Brunswick, had 
a copy.) 

Publications in Dutch : "W'are Vryheyt tot Vrede," etc., etc., or "True 
Liberty the Way to Peace:" An accourt of the manner in which the 
negotiations for union and peace were conducted, and what prevented the 
happy issue. Besides, "A Defense of the Examnations and Promotions 
efifected by the Ccetus." showing what the grounds are on which these 
things were done. Philadelphia, 1760. (See "Ritzema's Reply," 1761.) — 
A Defense of the Volume. "True Liberty the Way to Peace," against the 
so-called concise refutation, by the pretended lovers of Truth and Peace; 
showing that they did not happily succeed in their effort to unite Truth 
and Peace, and that they have not disproved the existence of the Assembly 
of the Coetus, nor its authority to examine and ordain. Philadelphia, 1762. 
(See "Ritzema's Reply," 1763.) 

These pamphlets of Leydt, with replies to each of them by Ritzema, 
with the letter of the Synod of North Holland, 1765, concerning the Coe- 
tus, were recently found collected and bound together in one volume, which 
was secured by Dr. E. T. Corwin and deposited in the Sage Library, New 
Brunswick, N.J. 

Leydt. Matthew, (s. of J. Leydt), b. New Brunswick, March 4, 1753. 
Q.C. 1774; studied under Hardenbergh (?) lie. by Gen. Meeting of 
Mins. and Elders, 1778; Belleville and (iansegat, 1779-80, N. and S. 
Hampton, 1780-3, d. Nov. 24. Elected a trustee of Queen's College, 
1783- 
Leydt, Peter, b. Six Mile Run, Nov. 6, 1763, (s. of John Leydt) ; Q.C. 1782; 
studied theol. under Livingston, lie. by Synod of D.R. Chs. 1788; 
Ponds, Kakeat, and Ramapo, 1789-93, d. 1796, June 12. 
Licht, Wm., b. June 26, 1863, Hanover, Germanv. Evangelical Lutheran 
Col. 1885 and Sem. 1888. 1. by Missouri Synod 1887. (Yankton, S. 
D., 1888-1900; Mackay, la., 1901-06; Gilboa, la., 1907-09; Alexandria, 

S. D., 1909-14; Rushmore, Minn., 1914-20) ; Monroe, S. D., 1920 

Liddell, John A., b. in Scotland, 1806; Glasgow College and St. Andrew's 
College, 1826 (?) Greenbush, 30-4, Totowa, 2d, 34-8, Lodi, N.Y., 
38-48, supplied Cicero, 48-9, Stone House Plains, 49-50, d. Also sup- 
plied Franklin. See Manual of 1879 — A MS. Commemorative ser- 
mon is in Sage Librarv. 
Liebenau, Michael Fred., b. N.Y.C., Mar. i, 1813; N.Y.U. 39. U.S. 41, 1. 
3d Presbyt., N.Y. ; (New Paltz Landing, (now Highland), 41-6, Pat- 
erson, 46-9, New Paltz Landing. 50-67), Dashville Falls, 67-8, Rosen- 
dale, 68-76, also S.S. Bloomingdale, 76-83, pastor, emeritus, Rosendale, 
83-4; died Jan. 13, 1891. 
Lillie, James, (Salem Assoc. Ref. 1836-44), Clove, 1844-5. 
Lillie, John, b. 1812, at Kelso, Scotland; Edinburgh University, 1831, studied 
privately, and at N.B.S. 1835, 1. CI. N. Y. 1835; Kingston, 1836-41, 
President of Grammar School of University of N.Y., 1841-2, Broad- 
way, afterward Stanton st., N.Y.C., 1843-8, also editor of "Jewish 
Chronicle," 1844-8, engaged in Am. Bible Union, 185 1-7. (Kingston, 
Presbyt.), 1858-67, d. D.D. 1855 by Univ. Edinburgh. 



THE MINISTRY 39/ 

He stood first among 2,000 students in the University of Edinburgh, 
and was one of the most accomplished scholars, who ever served in the 
Reformed Church. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Plblicatioxs : See Manual, 1902. 
Lindley, Daniel, (Lindsey, D., Lindly, D.). 

Missionary in South Africa, 1835-42, became independent. — The Board 
of Foreign Missions informed the General Synod (1840, p. 415) "that 
there had recently been opened a very inviting field of labor among the 
Dutch Boers or farmers in South Africa, and that they have given as- 
surances that any plan of moderate expenditure for their benefit which may 
be devised, shall receive attention. A missionary, the Rev. Mr. Lindley, 
has already commenced his labors among them." In the Minutes of Gen. 
Syn., 1842, p. 132, we read: "Rev. D. Lindsey, of South Africa, has re- 
linquished his missionary relation to us, having become a settled pastor 
and being fuly suuported by the people among whom he has been labor- 
ing. He represents the field for missionary efforts in his neighborhood 
an extensive and important, and very promising, and earnestly desires 
that our church would send a few missionaries thither.'" 

See Manual, 1902. 
Linn, John Blair, (s. of Wm. Linn), b. in Pa., 1777; C.C. 1795, studied with 
Romevn; lie. CI. Albanv, 1798; (Philadelphia Presb. 1799-1804, d.). 
S.T.D. by U.Pa. 1801. 
A most remarkable man, but spending all his active ministry in the 
Presbyt. Church, an extended notice can not be given here. He was a pro- 
lific author. See "Blake's Biog. Diet." 750; "Duyckinck's Cyc." i. 652; 
"Sprague's Annals," vol. iv. ; Mem. of Dr. J. J. Janeway; "AlcClintock's 
Cyc"; "AUibone's Diet, of Authors"; "C. B. Brown's Sketch of his Life," 
1805; "Collegiate Ch. Year Book," 1888, 94. 

Linn, Wm., b. in Pennsylvania, Feb. 22, 1752; C.N.J. 1772, studied theology 
under Dr. Robt. Cooper, 1. by Donegal (Carlisle) Presb., Ap., 1775; 
chaplain in Am. Army, 1776; (Big Spring (now Newville). Presbyt. 
Ch. in Pa. 1777-84, prin. of Washington Academy, Somerset Co., Md., 
1784-6, Elizabethtown, 1786-7), New York, 1787-1805, chaplahi to the 
House of Representatives of First Congress, 1789, (supplied Albany, 
occasionallv, 1805-6). d. 1808, Jan. 8. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1787. 
Pres. Q.C.'p. t. 1791-4. Regent of Universitv of State of N.Y. 1787- 
i8c8. S.T.D. by C.C. 1789. 
His eloquence was of a most ardent and impassioned kind. In his rnis- 
sionary and charity appeals he was eminently successful. His glowing 
imagination conceived his object vividly, and his language, of which he 
had an astonishing command, painted it to the minds and irnaginations of 
his audience in such a manner that he often produced effects similar to what 
are said to have taken place under preaching of Massillon and Bour- 
daloue. On special occasions his performances were masterpieces. His 
eloquence would send a thrill of joy or a shivering of horror through his 
audience, at times, so that they would suddenly start up and look around 
them. In his "gleaming sermon." as it was called, in behalf of the parochial 
school of the Collegiate Church, he "extracted" al)out eleven hundred dol- 
lars. This at the opening of the 19th century was wonderful. Yet it 
was more his manner than what he said. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Publications: See Manual, 1902. 
Linton, J. C, Wakonda (Olive Leaf), S.D., 1895-6. 
Lipes, Henrv H., Central Bridge, N. Y., 1895. 

Lippincott, Benj. C, b. at Hoboken, N.J., Nov. 22, 1824: R.C. 47. N.B.S. 
50, 1. CI. N.Y.; Hurlev, 50-66. also S.S. at Marbletown, 51-66. Clarks- 
town, 66-72, Wallkill Valley, 7^-77- N. and S. Hampton. 77-81, Port 
Ewen, 81-98. Died 1899. Jan. 20. 



398 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1899, 565. — "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C." 1899, 

13- 

Little, Elbridge Gerry, b. Hampstead, N.H., 1817, C.N.J. 45, P.S. 48, 
ord. CI. Philadelphia ; Manavunk, Pa., 48-50. Died Dec. 2g, 1869. See 
P.S. Gen. Cat. 
Little, Jas. A., b. 1837, N.Y.C.; C.C.N.Y. 54, U.S. 57; Canastota, 1861-3. 

See "U.S. Gen. Cat." 
Livingston, Edward P., R.C. 1852, N.B.S. 55, 1. CI. Monmouth; Griggstown, 
55-8, Bushnell, 58-70, S.S. Pekin, ist, 73-8, pastor, 78-85, d. Sept. 8. 
A sense of duty compelled him to go West, after three years in the East. 
For more than a quarter of a century he was a prominent factor in the 
development of the Western field. He was earnest, loving, laborious, and 
self-sacrificing. He spent several months in 1871 in visiting the churches 
to help raise the Million Dollar Centennial Fund. 

Livingston, Gilbert Robert, b. at Stamford, Ct., 1786; U.C. 1805, studied 
under Perkins, of Ct., and Livingston, lie. by North Hartford Assoc. 
1808; then studied two more years under Dr. J. H. Livingston; joined 
CI. N.Y. May 29, 1810; Coxsackie, 11-26, Philadelphia, 26-34, d. D.D. 
by Wms. C. 1829. 
He was of the celebrated family of Scotch Livingstons, of which Prof. J. 
H. Livingston also came. His field at Coxsackie was very laborious and 
extensive, and required a most vigorous constitution to bear the labor inci- 
dent to it. But his labors abounded. He enjoyed while there three revivals, 
the last especially extensive, bringing three hundred and seventy-three into 
fellowship with the church,* ( 1821 ). About six hundred were added to this 
church under his ministry ; in Philadelphia, about three hundred. His life 
was strictly devoted to the glory of God. He pursued this object with dili- 
gence and zeal, and it was manifest that his heart was in it, so that he pro- 
duced an unusual impression on the public. Yet his piety was never ob- 
trusive, but modest, humble, and retiring. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: A ser. in "Greene Co. Preacher" and a tract. 
Livingston, Henry Gilbert (s. of G. R. Livingston), b. Feb. 3, 1821, at 
Coxsackie ; W.C. 40, prin. Clinton Academy, L.I., 40-2, U.S. 44, lie. 
Presb. L.L (Carmel, N.Y., Presb. 44-9) ; Philadelphia, 3d, 49-54, prin. 
Raymond Academy, Carmel, June, 1854-55, Jan. 2/, d. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Christ's Care for the Young." 1852. 
Livingston, John H., b. at Poughkeepsie, May 30, 1746; Y.C. 1762, Univer- 
sity of Utrecht, 1769, 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1769; New York, 1770-1810; 
(during Revolution, at Kingston, 1776, Albany, Nov., 1776-9, Living- 
ston Manor, 1779-81, Poughkeepsie and Red Hook, 1781-3) ; also Prof. 
Theology, 1784-1810, in New York and at Flatbush; Prof. Theology 
and Pres. Queen's Coll. in New Brunswick, 1810-25, d. Jan. 20. Elected 
a trustee of Queen's Coll. 1784; again 1809. S.T.D. by Univ. Utrecht.. 
1769. Appointed Trustee of C.C. by N.Y. Legislature, 1787. 
He was ambitious to enter the legal profession, and pursued the study 
of the law for two years, but his health failing, he relinquished it. This 
gave him opportunity for reflection, and he was brought to Christ. After 
a time he resolved to devote himself to the ministry, and he chose to pre- 
pare for the Dutch Church in preference to the Presbyterian or Episcopal, 
chiefly because of the sad dissensions then existing among the Dutch, 
which he felt it his duty to try to heal. He even felt in his heart that 
Providence would make him the instrument to accomplish these results. 
He spent the winter of 1765-6 in New York, and greatly enjoyed the 
society of Doniine Laidlie. He sailed May 12, 1766, for Holla.id, to pre- 
l^are for the ministry. He was the last of the American youth who went 
to Holland for this purpose. In Holland he made many warm friends, and 
w2s himself greatly respected. While there he was called to become the 



THE MINISTRY 399 

second English preacher in the Church of New York. He now presented 
himself before the faculty of the University of Utrecht for the degree of 
Doctor of Divinity. He passed through the severe ordeal, conducted in 
the Latin language, a.nd subsequently wrote and published a dissertation 
on the Sinaitic Covenant in the Latin language, and defended it. 

When he arrived in this country he was pre-eminently the peacemaker 
between the parties. He at once took a high stand as a minister, and was 
ho.'.ored of all. He had few superiors. In the Revolution he was a warm 
patriot praying fervently for his country's cause. Upon his return to the 
city, after the triumph of freedom, he found himself the only pastor of 
that large church t)rganization. Elected also at the same time as Professor 
of Theology, he had more than double duties to perform. The church in 
which he officiated generally had three or four ministers as colleagues. 
For three years he remained the sole pastor. Yet during this period he 
received more than four hundred on profession of their faith. But his 
extensive labors almost broke down his health. In 1786 he received a 
colleague in Dr. Linn, and three years later another, in Rev. G. A. Kuypers. 
He spent his summers, after 1786, for several years on Long Island, 
whither his students followed him, returning to the city in the winter. 
He, in connection with Drs. D. Romeyn and Westerlo, were the molding 
minds of the denomination. They prepared the Constitution from the ar- 
ticles of Dort and the articles of Union. Dr. Livingston also prepared the 
first hymn-book for the churches. In 1794 Synod recommended him to re- 
move his Divinity School to Flatbush, on account of too high board for 
the students in the city. This he did in 1796. but it lasted for only one year, 
when the Synod, to the wounding of the Doctor's feelings, ceased all efiforts 
in behalf of the Professorship.* He still, however, continued to teach. 
He had been elected by the Provisional Synod in 1784; but in 1804, he was 
elected as permanent Professor, by the General Synod. This hastened the 
development of the Seminary. In 1810, ^ter forty years' service in the 
ministry and twenty-six in the Professorship, (the latter without compen- 
sation), he broke all the ties he had formed in New York and removed to 
New Brunswick, because the Synod requested it, to open his seminary in 
connection with Queen's College, the Presidency of which he also took. 
This move was only made from a stern sense of duty, and was, as he himself 
declared, almost like martyrdom. Here for fifteen years he continued his 
labors. Nearly two hundred students were trained under his instructions 
during the fifty-four years of his ministry. He was making sacrifices all 
his life for the prosperity of the Church. He lived to see her firmly estab- 
lished and her Professorships nearly endowed. Without any human appoint- 
ment, he was the acknowledged and cheerfully accorded Bishop of the 
denomination. (See Gunn's "Life of Livingston.") The following is an 
original characterization : 

From the begirning of his course he was a distinguished man and an 
honor to the denomination to which he more particularly belonged. His 
I)resence was always and in all places impressive, commanding, and digni- 
T'ed, and his dignity had nothing affected about it. It was not anythirg 
extraneous, but an essential part of the man. of his mental and bodily 
structure. He must have been dignified as a child, as a boy, as a young 
man, as well as in his maturer years. He was tall and erect — erect to the 
last day of his life. His step was deliberate yet elastic. He wore the 
antiquated costume, of which an ample wig, of almost snowy whiteness, 
was a very conspicuous part. He carried a staff, but it did not seem neces- 
sary to his sui)port, for his step was firm, steady, but was carried siinply 
because such an appendage was suitable and becoming to one of his years 
and position. His expression of countenance was serene, benevolent, with 
a slight dash of the aristocratic about it — a dash not assumed, but natural 

♦The cause ol this is not apparent. It may have been owing to the French 
devolution and pecuniary difficulties therefrom resulting. 



400 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

and not disagreeable, for every one that knew him seemed to admit that he 
at least had a right to it. As a preacher, he stood very high, and it was 
regarded as a great privilege to have an opportunity to hear him. His 
preaching was in every respect peculiar to himself, and such as became 
him and no one else. He loved to descant on a very comprehensive pas- 
sage of Scripture, and sometimes an unusually extended one. He dealt 
much, in exposition, in what is called the textuary mode of handling a 
Scripture passage and subject. But the abundance of material did not 
seem at all to embarrass or encumber him. He had great skill in selecting 
what was best suited to his purpose, and then in arrangiig it, and there 
was a surprising unity in his discourses, however many parts they might 
embrace. That which would in discourses formed by some men be a 
number of dissertations but slightly connected, was by him so skilfully 
managed as to form one whole, making one impression on the mind — a 
distinct, full, and ineffaceable one. His style was a model of clearnes.^, 
plainness, liveliness, directness. He practiced the colloquial — the dignified 
colloquial, not the affected and puerile — and advised his students to culti- 
vate it. His manner in the pulpit was his own especially. He had great 
variety in posture, tone, expression of countenance, and gesture. He 
seemed to loath anything like monotony. His gesticulation would have 
been deemed extravagant in any one but himself. It partook very much 
of the pantomimic; but no one objected to it in him, because in him it 
seemed to be becoming. In the professorial chair he had great excellence. 
The measure of theological lore which he secured and brought away from 
the halls of old Utrechfin his palmy days was very large. His excellence 
as a theological teacher did not lie in the vigorous treatment which he gave 
to a few prominent, important, favorite topics of theology, but in the com- 
prehensive, clear, systematic view he gave of the whole and of every part 
of that science. The whole of it was mapped out in its various compart- 
ments, and the relation of ever^' part was shown to every other part dis- 
tinctly. Thus every part threw light upon every other part — a light which 
could not have been thrown upon any part if viewed and treated separately 
from any other. And if to this you add that a full, clear, precise defini- 
tion was given to every doctrine and fact embraced in the system, and that 
the student was required to make himself at home upon all this, any think- 
ing, unprejudiced man can appreciate the advantages attending such a 
course of instruction and the high ability of the man that carried it out into 
effect. The pupils of Dr. Livingston were not required merely to furnish 
their memories with theological truth, but to exercise their judgments and 
reasoning power upon what they had gathered from their wise, good and 
faithful instructor. His pupils, when they issued from the seminary, were 
not finished, acute, profound theologians; it was not expected by their 
instructor or any reasonable man that they should be such. He, however, 
laid a foundation large and firm, and it was left to them in their after life 
to build upon it a proportional superstructure. If they did not, it was 
owing to their indolence and negligence, not to any defects in their pre- 
vious course of instruction. All honor to one who did so much for the 
Church and her ministry. Let him be held in grateful, affectiorate, ever- 
lasting remembrance. — Rev. Dr. Gabriel Ludlow. Funeral Sermons by Dr. 
John De Witt, Dr. Gunn, Dr. Marselus, and Dr. C. C. Cuyler. Memoir by 
Dr. Alex. Gunn, 1830, 8vo, pp. 540. The same condensed by Dr. Chambers, 
1856. Sketches in "Sprague's Annals" by Drs. T. De Witt and James 
Romeyn and Bishop Kip. See also "McClintock's Cyc." For a sketch of 
Robt. Livingston, original proprietor of Livingston Manor, see "Doc. 
Hist., iii. 434. Also "Mag. R.D.C." i. 100, 128, 157, 158, 223. Hist, of 
Livingston Family, "Mag. R.D.C." iii. 193, 225 — "Berg's Evang. Quarterly," 
ii. III. — For Life of Rev. John Livingston of Ancram, Scotland, see 
"Gunn's Mem.," 1830, p. 17; ed. 1856, p. 351. — "Ch. Int.," Feb. 9, 1872. — 
Sketch of Philip Livingston, "Col. Hist. N.Y." vi. 60 note. — Also "Smith's," 



THE MINISTRY 4OI 

N.Y., 91, note. — Quoted in Centennial of X.B. Seminary, 416. "Collegiate 
Ch. Year-Book," 1887. p. 83. 

Publications: De Foedere Sinaitico, Utrecht, 1770. — Plan of Union be- 
tween Ccetus and Confercntie, 1771. (This was largely written or molded 
by his influence while in Holland.) — An Inaugural Oration in Latin, as 
Prof, of Theology R.D.C. 1785. (Oratio Inauguralis de veritate Religionis 
Christian.-e quam, coram Veneranda Ecclesiarium Belgicarum Synodo Neo 
Eboraci Convocata publice in a^de sacra habuit Johannes H. Livingston, S. 
Theo. Doctor, atque v. d. ibidem Minister, quum Theologise Professionem 
in earundcm pra?cipue usum auspicaretur ad diem XIX. Maji, 
MDCCLXXXV. This was reprinted in Latin, in first edition of "Centen- 
nial Discourses, R.C.A.," 1876, pp. 553-601.) — Three sermons in "Am. 
Preacher," two on Growth in Grace, (vol. i.), one on Sanctuary Blessings, 
(vol. ii.), 1791. — A Ser. before N.Y. Miss. Soc, "The Glory of the Re- 
deemer," 1799. — A Ser before N.Y. Miss. Soc. "The Triumph of the 
Gospel," 1804. (To the last is added the Annual Report of the Directors, 
and other papers relating to Am. Foreign Missions. — See Hist, of Mis- 
sions in this work. — An Address at the Commencement of Queen's Col- 
lege, 1810. — Funeral Service; or. Meditations adapted to Fun. Addresses, 
being selections from Scripture, 1812. — A Dissertation on the Marriage of 
a Man with his Sister-in-law. 1816. — An Address to the Ref. Ger. Churches 
in the U.S., 1819. — A System of Theology, in ]MS. (This large bound vol. 
of MS. is in Sage Library). An abstract of this was published by one of 
his pupils, Rev. Ava Neal, 1832, and passed through two editions. — An 
elaborate letter to the (one) Particular Synod of the R.D.C. about the 
condition of the Professorship, 1796. is published in "Mints. Gen. Syn." 
i. 464. — Another to the Gen. Syn.. 1812, i. 415. — Letter to a Young Con- 
vert, "Mag. R.D.C." i. 157. — Essay on "Best Plan for Aleliorating the Con- 
dition of the Jews," "Mag. R.D.C." i. 100, 128, 158. 223. — Letters, a few in 
"Dr. Janeway's Life," 136,^140, 187, 188; a number in "Gunn's Memoir" of 
him to his colleagues and others. His own story of his personal religious 
experience is also quoted in his Memoir. In 1787 he made a selection of 
hymns for the Church, and was the principal author of the Explanatory 
Articles of the Constitution of the Church, 1792. — A sketch of Dr. Living- 
ston, in Dutch, may also be found in "De Gereformeerde Amerikaan." by 
Rev. H. Beets. Aug.. 1900. pp. 289-304. — His letter to Rev. Elias Van Bun- 
schoten, which secured the Bequest for helping students. — in "Centennial 
of N.B. Sem.," 357. 

Lloyd. Aaron, b. at Walnut Creek. Erie Co.. Pa.. July 27. 1817; R.C. 42, 
N.B.S. 45. 1. CI. Bergen ; Gorham, 46-7. (Phelps. Presbyt.. 48-50). Liv- 
ingston Ch.. N.Y.C.. 51-3. Miss, at Hudson, N.J.. 53-5, White House, 
55-6. Pekin, 57-60, w. c. d. Dec. 15. 1905.— Min. Gen. Syn.. 1906. 601. 
Publications: "Scripture Office of the Deacon," 1850. — Ser. before City 
Miss. Soc. 1853. Contributions to the press. 

Lloyd. John Elwy. b. St. Asaph. Wales. 1848; C.N.J. 74. P.S. JT, ord. 
Presbyt. Boston; (South Ryegate. Vt.. 77-9. Boonville, N.Y.. 79-81, 
Nj'ack, N.Y.. 81-8. all Presbyt), Brooklj-n. 12th st., 88-190C. w. c. Flat- 
bush, L.I.. 1906-16. Retired 1916. Ph.D.. D.D., Yale Univ. 
PiBLicATiONS : Articles for the press. 
Lloyd. William, candidate in transiin. "Mints. Gen. Syn.." 1880. 518. 
Lloyd. Will. S. S.S.. N.Y.C.. Madison av.. 1877-8. (Cong.). 
Lochead. Wm., b. in Glasgow. Scotland, Oct. 10, 1800; studied in Glasgow; 
ord. 1830; (Albany. 3d, Presbyt. 1830-..); Colioes and Waterford, 
38-40, New Rhinebeck and Cobleskill, 41-45. went to Canada. 1845. 
Died at Elmwood. Huntley. Sept. 25. 1881. See Manual. 1902. 
Locke. Richard Earl. b. in Indiana. March. 1870. DePauw Univ. 1891. Bos- 
ton University. U.T.S. 1895, 1. by Congregational Council of Boston. 
(Pres.. Newark. 1896-8; Germantown. Ch. of Redeemer. 1900-03; Buf- 
falo. Calvary. 1903-09; Rutherford. N.J.. First. 1909-22). Albany, 

N.Y.. Madison Ave.. 1922 . D.D. by Lincoln Memorial. Tenn.. 1919. 

Pres. of N.Y. City Club of U.T.S.. 1916-17. One of the founders of 



402 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Clergy Club of N.Y. City. Chaplain in Army during World War, in 
Europe six months. 
Lockwood, Henry, b. Albany, N.Y., Jan. 4, 1869; R.C. 91, N.B.S. 94, 1. CI. 
N.B. ; Knox and Berne, 2d, 1894-1901, East Millstone, 1901 . Per- 
manent Clerk Gen. Syn., 1907-15. Stated Clerk Gen. Syn., 1915 . 

D.D. by H.C. 1916. Pres. P.S. N.B., 1915. Editor Somerset Church 
News, 1907-1917. Asso. Ed. Manual, 1922. Mem. Bd. D.M., 1920. 
Ex. Com. Bd. D.M., 1921. 
Lockwood, John Hoyt, b. Troy, N.Y., 1848; W.C. 68, P.S. 71, ord. CI. Ca- 
yuga; Canastota, 71-3. See P.S. "Gen. Cat." 
Lockwood, Louis John, b. at New Windsor, N. Y., Dec. 6. 1850. R.C. 
1875; N.B.S. 78, lie. CI. N.B.; Hurley, Jan., 1879-80, (Highlands, N.Y., 
Presb. 80-6), Fairfield, N.J., 86-1889, w. c. d. March 23, 1903. Min. 
Gen. Syn., 1903, 521. 
Lockwood, L. R., Princetown, 1833-4. 

Lockwood, Samuel, b. at Mansfield, Eng., Jan. 20, 1819; c. to America in 
childhood; N.Y.U. 47, N.B.S. 50, 1. CI. N.Y.; Cortlandtown, 50-2, Gil- 
boa, 52-4, Keyport, 54-68. Superintendent of public instruction, Mon- 
mouth Co., N.J., 67-8, w. c. Died at Freehold, Jan. 9, 1894. Ph.D. 
N.Y. Univ. 1869. 
This brother had a passion for science. From 1868 until his death he 
devoted himself to it. and became widely known as an investigator of 
nature, which was to him the veil of God. For many years he was president 
of the N. J. Microscopical Society. — See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Consolation on the Death of Infants," 1851. — "Manly 
Old Age" ; on death of De Lafayette Schenck, 1862. — "Temperance, Forti- 
tude, Justice," 1855. 

Lodewick, Edward, b. in Rensselaer Co., N.Y., Feb. 25, 1846; R.C. 69, 
N.B.S. 72. 1. CI. Rensselaer; St. Johnsville, 72-5, Pascack, 1875-1903, 
d. Sept. 14, 1909. 
He was a man who finished all his tasks well. Min. Gen. Syn. 1910, 828. 
Loeber, Frederick, b. in Germany, N.B.S. 1857-8. 

Long, Edward Curtis, b. in Kentucky, 1852; Cumb. Univ. 79, Cumb. Sem. 
81, U.S. 82; High Bridge, N.J., 85-9. See "U.S. Cat." for other details. 
Lonsdale, J. T. S.S. Bethany Memorial, N.Y.C. 1900-1905, Presbyterian 
1905-09, Plainfield, N.J., Trinity 1909-12, Marconnier, Oak Tree, N.J., 
1912-21, P.E. 1921. 
Lonsdale, Wm. J., b. Syracuse, N.Y., Ham. Coll. 1901, Aub. S. and U.S. 
1904, 1. by Syracuse Pres. Fonda, N.Y., 1904-10, Lebanon, N.J., 1910-15, 

Paterson, 2d, N.J., 1915-20, Glen Rock, N.J., 1920 ■ 

Publications: Many articles in the press. 
Loppius (Lupp) Canajahorie (Sand Hill) 1760-5, d. 

Lord, Daniel, b. N.Y.C. Ap. i. 1822; U. Pa., 44. N.B.S. 47, 1. CI. Passaic; 
Piermont, 47-50, Jersey City, ist, 50-51, Henderson, 51-56, Nyack, 56-60, 
Henderson, 60-64, ( South Cong Bridgeport, Ct., 65-69, Chicago, Cal- 
vary Presb.. 69-73; Physician-in-chief of South Side Dispensary, Chi- 
cago, 73-78;) Henderson and Jordanville, 1878-99, d. Sept. 10, M.D. 
(Chicago Med. Coll. 1873). See Manual, 1902. 
Lord, Edward, b. at Danby, Tompkins Co., N.Y., Alar. 20, 1821 ; W.C. 43, 
Aub. Sem. 46; lie. by Presb. Ithaca, 45; (Romulus, N.Y., (S.S.) 46-7, 
pastor, 47-51, Fulton, N.Y.. 52-65; also Chaplain, iioth N.Y. Regiment, 
one year of this period, being present at the capture of Port Hudson, 
La.; Adams, N. Y., 65-70) ; Metuchen, 70-81, w. c. Engaged partly in 
journalism, d. March 27. 1921. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1921, 637. 

Publications: Ch. Manual, Romulus, N. Y., 1851. — Address on Horti- 
culture, 1854. — "Blessedness of the Pious Dead"; at Fun. of Deacon Sam- 
uel Bond, 1870. 

Lord, Jer. Skidmore, b. at Jamaica, N.Y., May 10, 1812; N.Y.U. 36, U.S. 
39, lie. 1st Pres. N.Y., 1839; Resident Lie. 39-40 ; Montville, 40-3, 



THE MINISTRY 4O3 

Griggslown, 43-7, N.V.C., Harlem, 48-69, d. Ap. 2. D.D. by U.N.Y., 
1859. See Manual of 1879. 
Commemorative Ser. by Rev. Dr. E. H. Gillett. 
PiBLii ATioNS : "The Voice of God in Calamity." "Pulpit Repository," 1850. 

Losch, H., Hackensack, (Ger. ), 1870-2. 

Lott, Henry Ray. N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. N.B.; never ordained. Died Nov. 12, 
1878. M.D. 

Lott, Isaac W., b. Flatlands, L. I., Nov. 21, 1868. R.C. 1892. N.B.S. 
1892-4. Teacher. 

Lott, John S., b. at Flatbush. L.L, 1833; R.C. 55, N.B.S. 58, 1. CI. N.B.; 
Franklin, N.J., 59-65, Middleburgh, 65-70, served as the Secretary of 
the Executive Committee of the Brooklyn Association for Improving 
the Condition of the Poor, for many years, d. July 11, 1906. Min. Gen. 
Syn., 1907, 915. 
Publications: Many articles in the religious and daily press. 

Lott, Leonard Walter, b. Rahway, N.J.; Aug. 12, 1853; C.N.J. 76; U.T.S. 
79; ord. CI. Poughkeepsie, Oct. 7, 79; Rhinebeck, 1879-84, ord. Epis- 
copal deacon, Dec. 20, 1885; priest, Feb. 14, 1886; rector, Lonsdale, 

R. I., 1885-92; St. Peters, Jamaica Plain, Boston, Mass., 1892 

Publication: In Memoriam ; Jas. A. Garfield, 1881. 

Loucks, Joel. b. Palatine Bridge, N.Y., Jan. 7. 1853; R.C. 81, N.B.S. 84, 
1. CI. Montgomery ; South Branch, N.J.. 84-92, w. c. 

Lowden, J. W., Presbyterian, Reformed, 1906-07; Presbyterian. 

Lowe, John C, b. about 1830, near Somerville, N.J. ; R.C. 55, N.B.S. 58, 1. 
CI. N.B. ; Oyster Bay, 59-63, Rotterdam, ist, 63-1890, St. Thomas, W.I., 
June i6-July 29, 1890, died. 
A man of gentle manners and genial conversation. He did faithful work 

at Rotterdam for 27 years. He was warmly received at St. Thomas, and 

high hopes were anticipated of his usefulness, but in a few weeks he died. — 

"Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1891, 414. — "Biog. Notices of Grads, R.C," 1891, 28. 

Lowe. Peter, b. at Kingston, 1764; studied under Livingston, 1. by the 

Christian Synod of R.D. Chs. 1787, Brooklyn, Flatlands, Flatbush, 

Bushwick, and New Utrecht, 1787-1808, Flatbush and Flatlands, 1808- 

18, d. June 10. A.M. by Q.C. 1810. See Manual of 1879. 

Van Pelt's Sermon. "Ch. Int.," vol. ii. 125. Rev. Dr. Jas. Brownlee's 

Discourses at Port Richmond, 1865 and 1875. 
Publication: A sermon at organization of CI. L.L, 1813. 

Lowe. Thomas Owen, b. Clermont Co., Ohio, Feb. 11, 1838; at Farmers 
College, College Hill, Cincinnati, O. ; Lawyer and Judge ; lie. by Day- 
ton, O., Presbyt. 84; ord. by Zanesville Presbyt. O., 84; (Mt. Vernon, 
O.. 84-7, Avondale, Ch., Cincinnati, O., 87-93, both Presbyt.) Brighton 
Heights. S.I., 93-98, w. c. Presbyterian, 1916. 
Publications: Volume of decisions as Judge of Supreme Court, Day- 
ton, O.— Sundry Small Tracts and Booklets. 

Luback, Wietse, b. Leewarden, Neth., May 4, 1825, from Ch. Refd. Ch. of 
the Netherlands. Reed, into CI. of Holland. Mich., 1882; a domestic 
missionary, supported by the Ch. of Saugatuck. Lansing, 111., 1883-92, 
Palmyra, N.Y., 92-98, Wortendyke. N.J., 1898-1900, d. Aug. 31, 1903. 
See Min. Gen. Syn. 1904, 839. 

Lubbers, Fred., b. Zeeland. Slich., March 22. 1872; H.C. 96, W.S. 99, 1. 
CI. Iowa; Lafayette, Ind.. 1899-1902, Fifth (Hoi.) Albany, N.Y., 1903- 
06. Grand Rai^ids. Mich.. 7th. 1906-10, Sioux Centre, la., 1910 — , Pres. 
P.S.C, 191 7, Member Bd. Supt. W.T.S., 1912 — . Member Council Cen- 
t'-al Coll., 1917, Member Bd. D.M., 1914, Member Bd. Trustees, 
N.W.A., 191 1 

Lubbers, Raymond J., b. Jan. 8. 1892. H.C. 1914. W.T.S. 1919. 1. by 
CI. Wis. Sheboygan Falls, Wis., 1920 

Luckenbill, George Albert, b. in Pa., July 14. 1862; L-rsinus Coll., Pa.; 
N.B.S. 92; 1. by CI. New Brunswick; Montville, N.J., 92-4, supplied 
churches, 94-1900; died Oct., 1900. 



404 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

A call to him, as their first pastor, had just been made out' for him by 
the church of Glen Rock, Bergen Co., N. J. In a few moments after leav- 
ing the church he was struck by a train on the Erie R. R. and killed. — See 
"Mints. Gen. Syn., 19CI, 1239. 

Ludlow, Gabriel, b. at Aquackanonck, N.J., April 23, 1797; U.C. 1817, 
N.B.S. 1820, 1. CI. N.B.; S.S. Albany, six months, 1820-1, Ne-Shanic, 
1821-78, d. Feb. 19. D.D. by R.C. 1850. 
He was a man of ability who bore fruit to old age in one parish. 
See Manual, 1902. 

PuBLiCATioxs : Ser. at Fun. of Rev. Dr. Peter Labagh. In "Todd's 
Memoir" of Labagh. — "Fifty Years of Bible Work." A disc, at semi-cen- 
tenary of Bible Soc, Somerset Co., N.J., 1867. — "Fifty Years of Pastoral 
Work." A ser. at 50th anniv. of his ordination, 1871. — Prayer at dedication 
Ref. Ch., Readington, 1865. 

Ludlow, Jas. Meeker, b. Elizabeth, N.J., Mar. 15, 1841 ; C.N.J. 61, P.S. 64, 
1. Presbyt. Elizabeth; (Albany, ist, Presbyt. 65-9), New York, Col- 
legiate, 48th St., 69-77, (Brooklyn, Westminster, 77-85. East Orange, 

N.J., ist, 1886 . D.D. by Wms. Coll. 1872; by Bucknell Univ., Pa.. 

1887. 
Publications: Address at Centen. Anniv. North D. Ch. 1869. — Address 
at Laying of Corner-stone of 48th St. Ch., 1869 — "Our Creeds," a Sermon. 
1869. — Address before 15th Convention S.S. Teachers. 1870. — Sermon in 
Commemoration of Dr. Thos. De Witt. 1874. — "My Saint John." — Concen- 
tric chart of History. i?85. — "Captain of the Janizaries." 1886. — ^"A King 
of Tyre." "History of the Crusades." — "That Angelic Woman. — Deborah." 
— Contributor to periodicals, Secular and Religious. 

Ludlow, John, (brother of Gabriel Ludlow), b. at Aquackanonck, 1793; 

U.C. 1 8 14, tutor in U.C. 181 5-6, studied theology with Rev. Andrew 

Yates and at N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 1817; New Brunswick, 1817-19, 

Prof, of Bib. Lit. in N.B.S., 1817-23, Albany, ist, 1823-34, Provost of 

the University of Pa., 1834-52, Prof, of Ecc. Hist, and Ch. Gov. in 

N.B.S. 1852-7, also Prof, of Metaphysics and Philos. of Human Mind 

in Rutgers Col., 1852-7, d. Elected a trustee of Queen's Coll. 1819. 

D.D. by U.C; LL.D. by R.C. 1851. 

His most striking characteristic was "strength." His person was strong. 

His frame, large, firmly knit, and commanding, rose before you like a 

column on which no ordinary weight of public burden might be safely laid. 

See commemorative sermons by Drs. W. J. R. Taylor, I. N. Wyckofif, and 

Bethune. "Evan. Quarterly," ii. 117. Also ser. at his install., 1823, by Dr. 

A. Yates. Copied in "Centennial of N.B. Sem.," 447. Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Address at his Inauguration as Provost of University 
Pa. 1834. — Address before the Albany Female Academy. 1834. 
Ludlow, Richard C. R.C. 1828. N.B.S. 1831. d. 1831. 
Luidens, Anthony, b. New Holland, Mich., H.C. 1912. N.B.S. 1915. 1. by 
CI. Holland. West Hoboken, Hope, 1915-19; New Brunswick, High- 
land Park, 1919 . Member of Four Minute Men, Hudson Co., of 

U.S.A. 
Lumkes, John M., b. Kielwindeweer, Netherlands, Dec. i, 1862; Kampen, 
Netherlands, 84. W.S. 90, 1. CI. Holland, Grand Rapids; Oakdale Park, 
90-3, Newkirk, 93-1900, Alto, 1900-1908, Holland, Mich., 4th, 1908-11, 
Paterson, N. J., People's Park, 1911-16, Chicago, Englewood, ist, 

1916-22, Boyden, la., 1922 

Publications : Articles for the Dutch press. 

Lumley, James A., from Congregational Church, Raritan. N.J., 3d, 191 5 

Lunn, George R., Presbyterian, Schenectady, N.Y., ist, 1904-9. Congrega- 
tional, 191 1, engaged' in political activity, D.D., Union College. 
Lupardus, Wilhelmus, Flatbush, New Utrecht, Brooklyn, Fkatlands, (oc- 
casionally supplying Bushwick and Gravesend,) 1695-1702, d. — "Doc. 
Hist." iii. 89, 94. Ecc. Rec. N.Y. 



THE MINISTRY 4O5 

Lupton, Brandt Schuyler. C.C. 1788, studied theol. under Livingston, lie. 
bv Svnod of R.D. Churches, 1788; Lansingburgh and Waterford, 
1788-9, d. 
Lusk, Matthias, b. Sept. 9, 1807; R.C. 30, X.B.S. ^i' Jersey City, 33-48, 

w. c. Died Ap. 13, 1883. 

Lusty, George. Livingston, X.Y., 1910-15, (Congregational, 1915 .) 

Luther, Martin F., Woodstock and West Hurley, N.Y., 1904-06, Stuy- 
vesant, N.Y., 1909-12, Stuyvesant Falls, N.Y., 1913-16, Jersey City, 
West Side, 1917-18, Annandale, N.J., 1918-21. 
Luxen, John, b. Bedum, Groningen, Netherlands, Dec. 23, 1862; H.C. 92, 
W.S. 95, 1. CI. Holland ; Lansing, 111., 95-6, Kalamazoo, 4th, 96-1900, 
Muskegon, 1900- 1919, Paterson, Union Ref., 1919 — , Member Council 
H.C, six years. 
Publications : Articles in Int. DeHope, etc. 
Luyck, Aegidius, teacher of Grammar Sch., Xew Amsterdam, 1662-72. Sup- 
plied church X.Y.C. 1671. 
Afterward became a burgomaster. His classical school obtained such 
reputation, that pupils came from Albany, Delaware, and Virginia. — See 
■'Paulding's X'ew Amst.," "Brodhead's, X'^.Y.," "Dunshee's Hist, of School 
R.D.C.," 53. There are many allusions to him in the Ecc. Rec. N.Y. One 
of the same name was licensed by CI. Amst., April 7, 1727. 
Lyall, John Edward, (son of Wm. Lvall), b. West Copake, N.Y., Dec. 
21. 1852; R.C. 76, X.B.S. 1879, 1. CI. Hudson; Bound Brook, 80-1, 
[Nlillbrook. 1881— . Pres. P.S. N.Y. 1902, Member Ex. Com. N.Y. 
S.S.S. Ass., Delegate Edinburgh, Missionary Conference, 1910. 
Publications: "The Value of Prayer." — "Seeking and Finding the 
Lord." History of Town of Washington, X.Y., for Hudson-Fulton 
Celebration, 1909. Articles for the press. 
Lyall, Wm., b. in Scotland, 1798; c. America about 1835; (Miss, in Can- 
ada, 1835-.. . in Newark, in Riverhead. 18 — 43,) Kiskatom, 

1843-7, (Presbvt. 1847-51), Taghkanic. 1851-65, Miss, to the freedmen 
in Charleston. S.C, 1865-6, d. 1868. 
He had been an attendant on the lectures of Dr. Chalmers, while in 
his native land, of whom he was an enthusiastic admirer. He was learned 
m theology, critical as a Biblical expositor, familiar with the orig- 
inal languages, conversant with books, and possessed of a retentive and 
ready memory. His Christian exnerience was deep, rich and joyous. 
Lydecker. Geo. Dc Witt, b. at Clarkstown, X.Y., Oct. 26, 1850": R.C. 74, 
X.B.S. 77, lie. CI. Paramus ; Bloomingburgh, 1877-82, Wawarsing, 
82-6, Upper Red Hook. 86-98. Xassau, 98-1902, Princetown, N.Y., 1902- 
07, Bloomingburg, X.Y.. 1907-09. 
Lydckker, Garret, b. in America, 1729; C.X.J. 1755. studied under Ritzema, 
Kails, and Goetschius, lie. by Conferentie, 1765; supplied Xorth Branch 
occasionally. 1767, English Xeighborhood, 1770-6; a Tory; fled to Xew 
York, and officiated in the city, for the Dutch, during the Revolution. 
Trinity Church, remembering the courtesy of the Dutch in allowing 
them the use of their churches in former times, now granted the Dutch 
the use of St. George's Chapel. See Correspondence in "Berrian's 
Hist. Trinity Church," 171-2, Brodhead, i. 119, etc. At the close of 
the war, Lydckker went to England. Died 1794. 
Although the Conferentie denounced the ordinations of the Ccetus, they 
at last sought permission to do the same thing. They call Lydckker a well- 
educated young gentleman, iiut not of rugged health. The Classis at Am- 
sterdam permitted this ordination as a special "example of their generos- 
ity." The "Gentleman's Magazine" for May, 1794. thus mentions his 
death : "Died at his son's house at Pentonville, the Rev. Gerhardus Lydck- 
ker, B.A., aged 65 years, late pastor of the Dutch Church in Xew York. 
He was' a native of America, but from his loyalty was obliged to leave 
a state of affluence and take refuge in Britain." — See Ecc. Rec. X. Y., Feb. 



406 THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA 

4, 1765. "Doc. Hist.." N.Y., iii. (4to) 309, 312. "Collegiate Church Year- 
Book," 1881, 74. 

Publications : A Discourse, in connection with a Theological Thesis, 
containing the Heads of Christian Doctrine. Published by Samuel Brown, 
1767. 
Lydius, Johannes, (son of Rev. Henricus Lydius, of Maesdam, S. Holland). 

There was a Henricus Lydius who matriculated at Leyden, on Jan. 12, 
1651, with no particulars given, except "Coll. al.," which probably means a 
"College Alumnus." Johannes had also a brother, Rev. Nicholas Lydius. 
There was one of this name who matriculated at Leyden, Oct. i, 1686, aged 
20, for the study of theology. The dates would be entirely suitable, if these 
are the father and brother of Johannes, above mentioned ; but the name 
Johannes does not occur in the catalogues of Leyden. Utrecht, or Gronin- 
gen. Antwerpen. (under the Cross), in Belgium, 1692-1700; c. to Amer- 
ica; Albany alone. 1700-9. also Schenectady, 1705-9, Miss, to the Mohawks, 
1702-9. d. Mar. i, 1709. 

He and Dellius exchanged places, the latter going to Antwerp, and Ly- 
dius to Albany. (For the sinister attempt to anticipate his pastorate at 
Albany by another, see Freeman and Nucella). Robt. Livingston, the 
Indian Agent, promised the Mohawks, in 1700, that he would engage Lydius 
to learn their language, and preach the gospel to them. He hoped soon to 
have the Bible translated into their language, and then some of their chil- 
dren should learn to read it, and it would be mightily interesting and con- 
solatory to them. In 1702 the praying Indians represented to the agent 
that Lydius had exhorted them to live as Christians, not in envy and 
malice, which are the works of Satan, but in concord and peace; that then 
God would bless them. These teachings, they say, had so wrought on their 
spirits, that they were now all united and friends. They returned hearty 
thanks for the pains taken with them, which they acknowledge with a belt 
of wampum. When Lydius died the Indians presented four beaverskins 
to the agent as an expression of condolence at his death. — See "Doc. 
Hist." iii. -77, 538-541. 893, 897; iv. 734. "Col. Hist." iv. 734, 988; v. 225. 
Ecc. Rec. N. Y., many letters. "Munsel's Annals of Albany," i. 113; "Dr. 
Rogers' Hist. Disc," 1857. Manual, 1902. 

The will of Lydius, vol. xiii, p. 401. Surrogate's Office, N.Y.C. Ab- 
stract of his will in "Biog. and Gen Record," about 1870-5. 

Publications: "Christelijcke Religie voorgestelt by forme van vragen 
en antwoorden ten gebruyckc van sulke die sich bereyden om tot de ge- 
meenschap van de Gereformeerde kerke en 't gebriuk van 's Heeren Heilig 
Avondmaal toegelaten te worden." Or the Christian Religion presented in 
the form of question and answer, for the use of such who wish to make 
themselves ready for the fellowship of the Reformed Church, and for 
admission to the Lord's Holy Supper. Dated Albany, 28 Oct., 1700. Pub- 
lished by Bradford, N. Y. 
Lyell. see Lyall. 

(Lyle, J. N. S.S. Ch. of Comforter, N.Y.C, 1904). 

Lyman-Wheaton. Henry Philip, b. Bedford, England, 1862; studied in 
England and on the Continent; (Assist. Sec. of London City Mission, 
85-6, Chatham, Eng. ; Presbyt., 86-8, also Principal of Oxford Acad- 
emy, 86-8), Ulster Park, (Esopus), N.Y.,' 92-5, Whitehouse, N.J., 9^- 
1900. M.D. Ph.D. 

Publications : "Life and Times of the Prophet Daniel." — "Short Ser- 
mons for Busy Men." — "Sunday Afternoons." — "Sunday Afternoons With 
the Children." — "The Resurrection Body of the Saints" ; and other ser- 
mons. — Articles and Poems in papers and magazines. 
Lyon, A. P. S.S. Long Island City, 2d, Sunnyside, 1907-08. 
Lyon, D. Everett. Served in M.E. Ch. about 1891-1911. Served in Presby- 
terian Church about 1911-18. Queens, Borough of Brooklvn, N.Y.C, 
1918- . Ph.D. 



THE MINISTRY 4°? 

Maar, Charles, b. Poughkeepsie, N.Y., Sept. 6, 1864; R.C. 89 N.B.S. 
and Aud. Sem. 92, lie. by CI. Poughkeepsie; Owasco Outlet q2-^ 
Cobleskill and Lawversville. 94-5. Syracuse. 2d, 95-9. Upper Red Hook. 
1900-1903. WallkiU. N. Y.. 1903-07- Clerk of N. Y. State Insurance 

Dept. 1907 — T-. Supplying Churches 1907 -• ^ , „ ., ^ 

Publications: Biography of Simeon DeW itt. Elmendorf Family Rec- 
ords. Articles on Insurance and Biography in Encyclopedia Americana. 

Articles in press. _ . „-. t x- r. c- 1 

Maass Herbert W., b. Hoboken. N. J.. Dec. 6, 1881. In N.B.S. 1913- j- 
by CI. S.B. North Paterson. N. J.. 1913-14; Schodack Landing. N. 
Y., 1914-16. Presbvterian. ^i- t c 

Maassen. Herman, b. Utrecht. Neth.. Nov. 4. 1887. H.C. 1916. W.l.S. 
1919 1 bv CI. West Sioux. Beaverdam. Mich., 1919 

Maatman, Arthur, b. Overisel, Mich.. Feb. 3. 1885. Western State Nor- 
mal 1915. W.T.S. 1919- 1- by CI. G.R. 1919- New Era, Mich., 
1919 . High School Teacher. 

Mabon, Arthur Frederick, (son of W^m. A. V. V. Mabon), b. at New 
Durham, N.J.. June 3. 1869: R.C. 1890, N.B.S. 94. He CI. N.B ; Tarry- 
town, 2d, 1895-1910; Ass. St. Nicholas Col., N.Y.C., 1910-18; Over- 
seas Service. Y.M.C.A., 1918-19. Hamilton Grange. N.Y.C., 19^0 

Publications: Address at Bicentennial of the Old Dutch Ch. of Sleepy 

Hollow, 1897. On joint committee for publication of the Hymnal of the 

Reformed Church. ^ . , tt r- o ^ l. ■ 

Mabon, John S., b. Jan. 20, 1780, Bowden, Scotland : U.C. 1806, taught in 

Erasmus Hall, 1806-7. in Brooklyn. 1810-11, N.B.S. 1812, 1. CI. N.B. 

1812; tutor in Union Col. 1814-15. Rector of Grammar School, in 

New' Brunswick. 1817-25, teacher in Morristown, 1826-8, of a select 

school, in Brooklvn, 1828-30, ord. by CI. N.B. Nov., 1828; temporary 

Prof, of Hebrew. 1818-19. d. 1849. April 27. , r- 1 d 

He was a man of pietv who earnestly desired to preach the Gospel. But 

feeble health compelled him to devote a large part of his life to teaching. 

See Manual. 1902. ■ ^ c^ ^, , x . . x- 

Mabon. Wm. Augustus Van Vranken. (son ot J. S. Mabon). b. at New 
Brunswick. N.J.. Jan. 24. 1822; U.C. 40. N.B.S. 44, 1- and ord. CI Ber- 
gen- Miss, to Buffalo. 44-46. New Durham. 46-81. Prof, of Did- and 
Polemic Theology, New Brunswick, 81-1892, d. Nov. 3. D.D. by R.C. 
1 861 Editor of "The Sower," 1878-9. Superintendent of Public 
Schools, Hudson Co., N.J., 1848-55. Examiner of all the teachers ot 
Public schools. 1848-65. 
Dr Mabon was a genial man, a lover of nature, a lover of humanity, 
a lover of God. In the 35 year pastorate at New Durham he was emi- 
nently sucessful in developing his own church, while he continually watched 
for opportunities to establish new missions. Hence his church became the 
mother of manv churches. , , , , 

His service in the Seminarv was of a unique and remarkable character". 
His students felt the power of his intellect and spirit and through them his 
influence has extended to the ends of the earth. See Manual 1902.^ ^ 

PuBiic\Ti()Ns: "Our Duties to the Young in the Home and the v^hurch. 
1870— Thanksgiving Sermon on the "Bible in the Common Schools."— 
A Sermon before the Partic. Syn. of New Brunswick. 1870.— A bermon 
at New Durham. 1875-— "Resemblance of Ecc. Polity of Ret. Ch to that 
of Our Countrv." In "Centennial Dis.," 1876.— Memorial of Mr. Jas. 
Brown —"Obstacles to Union and Methods of Overcoming Them ; at 
Conf between Dutch and German Chs., Philadelphia. ib8b.— Inaugural 
Address as Prof. Theologv. 1881.— "Recollections of Dr. W . H. Campbelh 
in menforial. 75.— Sketches of Dr. S. A. Van Vranken and Rev. J. b. 
Mabon; in "Centen. N.B.S.," 444. 459- ^^ ,,. , ^^ ^, . „ „ 

McAdam. H. P. Lodi, N. Y., 1871-84. (Pres. W olcott. Utica, N. \. 
Worthington. O.. 1905)- 



408 THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA 

Publications : Historical Sketch Ch. of Locli, N. Y. Ovid Independent, 
Aug. 30, 1876. 

Macardell. George Eddy. b. at Newburgh, 1836; U.C. Alton Sem. 111. — ; 

(in Presbyt. chs. 1870-88) ; New Salem, N.Y., 88-02, Boght, 92-94, 

Schagticoke, 94-97. Died Aug. 15, 1899. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1900, 

897. 

McCartney, Geo. Rensselaer, 1849-57. Northumberland and Gansevoort, 

1857-63, (Presbyt.). . 
Alacauley. John Magoffin, b. Schenectady, N.Y., Aug. 31, 1813; U.Pa., 34, 
P.S. T,7, ord. S. CI. N.Y.. Ap. 15, South Dutch, N.Y.C., 38-61, w. c. 
(in Ireland)-; Woodside, N.J., 72-80, S.S. Presb. Ch. Arlington, N.J., 
80-2, w. c. Died July 4, 1891. D.D. by C.C. 1855. 
McBride, Robert I., Albany, 3d, 1898-9. (Pres.). 

McClelland, Alex., b. at Schenectady, 1794; U.C. 1809, studied under 
Mason, lie. by Assoc. Ref. Presbyt. 1815, N.Y.C. Rutgers St. Presbyt. 
15-22, Prof, of Logic, Metaphysics and Bel. Let. in Dickinson Col. 
22-9, Prof, of Langs, in Rutgers Col. 29-32, Prof, of Evidences of 
Christianity in Rutgers Col. 1840-51, Prof. Oriental Lit. in R.C. 33-64, 
Prof, of Oriental Langs, and Lit. in New Brunswick Sem. 32-51, d. 
1864, Dec. 19. 
He was remarkable for the keenness, breadth, and force of his mind. He 
had the faculty of concentrating all his powers on a given subject. What- 
ever he undertook, he was "totus in illis." His robust intellect abhorred 
vagueness, guesswork, and skimming over the surface of a subject. He 
spared no pains, and was rewarded with corresponding success. 

He was deservedly popular in the pulpit but his chief strength was in 
the professorship. In exegesis he was masterly, and few young men could 
pass under his instruction without catching something of his spirit. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Vindication of the Religious Spirit of the Age." 1820. 
(Also printed in Ebaugh's "Heavenly Incense.") — "The Alarriage Ques- 
tion." Doctrine of Incest. 1826. 2d ed. 1827. (This was also pub. in 
part under pseudonym "Domesticus," in "Mag. R.D.C." i. 310. Reviewed, 
"Mag. R.D.C." ii. 19, 23, 45.) — "Spiritual Renovation Connected with 
the Use of Means." In two parts. 1834. — "Plea for a Standing Ministry, 
Ps. 74:9. (Printed also in Ebaugh's "Heavenly Incense.") — Manual of 
Sacred Interpretation," i8mo, pp. 168. 1842. (Labagh, I. P.).^ — Second ed. 
called "Canon and Interpretation of Scripture. 18 — (See "Princeton 
Rev." xxii. 333.) — A Volume of Sermons. Posthumous. 1867. ("Prince- 
ton Rev." xxxix. 318.) 

McClelland, Thomas Calvin, b. N.Y.C, June 10, 1869; N.Y.U. 89; U.T.S. 
92; ord. by N. CI. L.I., June 11, 1892; Bushwick. Brooklyn, N.Y., 92-3; 
Brooklyn, North, 93-6; (Lect. Brooklyn Miss. Inst. 1893-5; Congrega- 
tionalist.) 
McClinchie. Uriah, b. N.Y.C, 1880. N.Y. Univ. U.T.S. 1903. 1. by CI. 
Newark 1903. Irvington, N. J., 1904-19. Editor and Publisher of Syndi- 
cate of Newark Suburban Weeklies. 
McClure, Alex. Wilson, b. in Boston, 1808; Y.C and A.C 1827, A.S. 1830; 
(Maiden, Mass., 1830-41, St. Augustine, Florida, 1841-4, Ed. of "Chris- 
tian Observatory," 1844-7, Assist. Ed. "Puritan Recorder," 1844-7, 
Maiden, 1848-52), Jersey City, ist, 1852-5, Cor. Sec. Am. and For. Ch. 
Union. 1855-8, Chaplain at Rome, Italy. 1856. d. 1865. D.D. 
He was a man of ready wit and a great reader. He was also in certain 
departments a deep thinker. His piety shown through all his life and 
enab'ed him to endure with patience intense suffering in his later years. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "The Life-Boat": an Allegory. — Four Lectures on Ul- 
tra-Universalism. — "Lives of the Chief Fathers of New England." Two 
vols. — "The Translators Revived." 1853. — Editorials in "Christian Ob- 



THE MINISTRY 4O9 

servatory." — A half dozen articles in "New Brunswick Review," especially 

that on Rev. Klias Van Benschoten. — Art. on "Native Depravity" in "Lit. 

and Theol. Rev." — "The School Question" : Correspondence between Rev. 

J. Kellv (Romanist), of St. Peter's Ch., Jersev Citv, and Dr. McClure. 

1852. 

McClure, John, b. 1798. N.B.S. 1822, lie. CI. N.B.; Spotswood, 1822-5, d. 

McCorkle, Wm. R., S.S. Nyack. 1879-81. 

McCready, Robert H., Montgomery, N. Y., 1890-4. Presbyterian. Church 

of the Comforter, N. Y. C, 1919-21. Presbyterian 1921 . Ph.D. 

^IcCullom. Edward A. Schuylerville, N.Y., 1886-1890; Fort Plain, 

N. Y.. 1891-1903; Fishkill-on-Hudson (Beacon), 1900-14; also S.S. 

Clen. N. Y.. 1913-14: Castleton, N. Y., 1915 . D.D. 

McCully, Edgar Ireland, (grandson of Rev. John C. Cruikshank), b. 

Paterson, N.J.. June 28. 1869; R.C. 1894, N.B.S. 97, 1. CI. Passaic; 

Schodack. 1897-1900, Germantown, N.Y., 1900-1903, Oradell, N. J., 

1903 . Pres. P.S. N.B. 192c. D.D. 

McCurry. D. Ernest. Presbyterian. Greenville, N. Y., 1919-12. Presby- 
terian. 
^IcDermond. C. H. Philadelphia, 4th, 1875, suspended, 1877. 
McDonald, Wm. J. South Brooklyn, 1904-17. (Pres. Springfield, L. I., 

1917 ). 

McDowell, Robt., b. 1760-70; l:c. CI. Albany, 1790; Bay of Cante, Canada, 

1798-1800, Adolphustown, Earnestown, and Fredericksburgh, Canada, 

1800-19, (pastor of the same churches, Presbyt., 1810-35?). Died 1841, 

after fifty-one years of ministerial labor. 
His field of labor was for a long time 282 miles in length. Before 1820, 
in that whole region, there were only three Episcopal ministers, two Luth- 
eran, four Baptist and several Methodist ministers. See Manual, 1902. 

See his letter, 1839, describing his earh- labors, in "Presb. Year-Book" 
for the Dominion of Canada, 1875, pp. 19, 20, 82, 83. "Doc. Hist." iii. 683. 
See also "Centennial Discs:" 510. Several of his sermons were printed. 
He was the father of Rev. John R. McDowell, (U.C. 1828, P. S. 1829, Miss, 
in N.Y.C., d. 1836), whose "Memoir" and "Select Remains" were published 
in N. Y. 1838. The latter is styled on the title-page, "The Martyr of the 
Seventh Commandment." 
McEckron, Geo. M. U.C. 1848; Poughkeepsie, 1858-67, (N.Y.C. Presbvt. 

1868). 
McElwee, Robert. Presbyterian. Winnebago, Neb., 1919-21. 
McEwan, David. Presbyterian. Orange City. la., 2d American Reformed, 

191 1-20. Presbyterian. 
McFarlane, James. Bloomingdale and Rosendale, 1843-5; Canajoharie, 

1845-8; English Neighborhood, 1849-55; Esopus, 1855-61 (Presbvt.). 

d. 1871. 
McGibbon, A. W. Shandaken and Shokan, 1883-6. 
McGiffert, W. Henrv, b. 1836, Aub. Sem. 58, lie. Presb. Utica; (Boonville, 

N.Y., 58-..), Blooming Grove, N.Y., 83. Died Dec. 26, 1888. See 

"Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1889, 915. 
McGregor, Ed. R. N.Y.U. 1843, from 2d Presl)vt. N.Y., 1854; Livingston 

Ch., N.Y.C. 1855; Presbvt. 
Mclntyre, Joseph, b. Troy, N. Y., 1867. U.C. 1889. P.S. 1892. 1. by 

Pres. of Troy. (Pres. Port Kennedy. Pa., 1892-5). Glenville, N. Y., 

1st, 1895-8; Cold Spring, 1899-1901; Bloomingl)urgh, N. Y., 1903- 

07. d. June 17, 1909. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1910, 8.8. 
Mackay, Donald Sage, (son of Rev. Wm. Murray Mackay, and grandson 

of Rev. Donald Sage, both of Scotland), b. in Glasgow, Nov. 20, 1863; 

University of Glasgow. 89; New College, Edinburgh; (lie. by Presbyt. 

of Glasgow; ord. by Cong. Ch. in Vermont, U.S. 90; St. Albans, Vt., 

90-94) ; Newark, North Refd., 94-9. New York Collegiate, Fifth av. 



4IO THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

and Fortv-eighth St., 1899-1908. d. Sept. 3. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1906. 
D.D. by R.C. 1895. LL.D. by H.C. 
Dr. Mackay was a man of rapt vision and Celtic enthusiasm for his 

work. He frequently won men to himself and then to his Master. His 

death was the result of overwork in devotion to his calling. 
See Min. Gen. Syn.. 1909, 530, Year Book Col. Ch., 1909. 

McKee, Joseph, b. Ireland, 1805; Belf. Col. 1829; U.T.S. 1844-5; (ord. 
Presbvt. North River, May 25, 1848; teaching, N.Y.C. 1847-8; S.S. in 
N.Y.C. 1847-8, Peekskill, 1848-51), West Ch., Sixth av., N.Y.C, 1852- 
8; teaching N.Y.C, 1859. in Newark, N.J., 1860-3, d. Aug. 10. 

McKelvey, Alex., b. in Ireland. Nov. 28, 1827; R.C. 55. N.B.S. 58, 1. CI. 
N.B. ; Irvington, 58-60, Totowa, ist, 60-5, Coxsackie Landing, 65-6, 
Rector of Grammar School, New Brunswick, 66-7, Greenpoint, 67-72, 
in Europe, "72-2,. (Westfield. Presbvt. 74-6, N.Y.C, Canal St., 77-82), 
Athenia, N.J., 82-3, (2nd Presbvt. Jersey City, 83-92), Boonton, 1894- 
1908. d. Oct. 19. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1909, 531. 

Publications: Numerous Arts, in "Ch. Int.," including Correspond- 
ence from Europe, 1872-3; in "N. Y. Observer"; "N. Y. Evangelist"; and 

other papers. — Also several sermons and addresses. 

McKelvey, John, b. in Covcnary, Ireland, 1801 ; Belfast Col. 1821, N.B.S. 
1827 ; Miss, to Argyle, Fort Miller, and Wilton, 1827, Niskayuna and 
Amity, 1827-3C. deposed, 1831 ; at Port Hope, Canada, where he died 
about 1835. 
See Manual of 1879. 

McKensie, Thos. Hanna. b. Sewickley, Pa., Nov. 18, 1867; Wms. Col. 
Jun. year; Monmouth Col.. Ind.. 88. P.S. 91, lie. Presb. Argyle (U.P.) 
90; ord. Presb. N.Y. (U.P.) Dec. 90; (Pine Bush, N.Y., U.P., 90-6), 

Port Jervis. 1896-1905. Flushing. L. I.. 1905 . Pres. Gen. Svn., 

1921. D.D. 

McKinley. G. A. S.S. Owasco. Outlet. N. Y.. 1876-7. 

McKinty. T. W. Presbyterian. S.S. Philadelphia 2d. 1916-18. 

McLaren, Malcolm N. U.C 1824; Brooklyn Central, 1847-9, Newburgh, 
1850-9. 

McLawry, John F.. b. Stamford, N. Y., Dec. 22. 1844. R.C. 1870. N.B.S. 
1873. Presbyterian, d. Jan. 30, 1889. 

McLean, Chas. G., from Presbvt. Newcastle, 1844; Fort Plains, 1844-51. 

McLean, Robt.. from England. 1822; Miss, in the neighborhood of Broad- 
way and Canal St.. 1824. Broome St.. N.Y.C. 1824-6. returned to Great 
Britain and preached in Liverpool, d. 1850. 

McLeod, Malcolm James, b. Prince Edward's Isle. N.S. Dalhousie Univ. 
1887. P.S. 1890. Ord. by Pres. Chester. (Pres. Toughkenamon, 
Pa., 1890-91. Chester, Pa., 3d, 1891-7). Professor Greek, Univ. of 
Nebraska. 1897-1900. (Pres. Pasadena. Cal.. 1900-1910). N. Y. Col., 
5th and 48th St.. 1910 . D.D. 

McLeod, Norman. Presbyterian. S.S. Union. Albany Co.. N. Y., 1910- 

13). 
McLeod, Thos., b. Castleblanev, Ireland, Julv s. 1848; C.N.J. 70, P.S. 72>, 

lie. Pres. N.B. 72; (Sandy Hill, N.Y., 73-4, Batavia. N.Y.. 74-7, both 

Presbvt.), Hudson, N.Y., 78-9, (Clinton Av., Brooklvn, Cong., 

1880——). D.D. by C.N.J. 1890. 
MacMillan, Homer, b. Cedarville, Ohio, Dec. 20, 1873; Cedarville Coll. 

97, N.B.S. 1900, 1. CI. Orange; Bogart Memorial Ch., Bogota, N.J., 

1901-02. (Pres. Los Angeles, Col, 1902-04. Buford, Ga., 1904-06. 

Co-ordinate Sec. Ex. Com. Home Missions Pres. Ch. U. S. (South), 

1906 . D.D. Westminster Col. 191 1. 

MacMillan, Jason L. Ord. N.C L.I. 1908. Oyster Bay, L. I., 1909-11. 

Presbyterian. 
McMurray, Norman Andrew, b. Oct. 20. 1895. Niagara Falls. Canada, Uni- 



THE MINISTRY 4II 

versity of Toronto 1917. Knox Coll., Toronto, 1920. U.T.S. 1921. 1. 
by Presbytery of Toronto 1920. West End Church, Col., N. Y. C, As- 
sistant, 1921 

McMurray, Wni., b. in Salem, 1784; U.C. 1804. tutor in U.C. 1806-7, 1- 
Assoc. Ref. 1808; ( Lansingburgh, 1808-11). Rhinebeck Flats, 12-20, 
N.Y.C., Market St.. 20-35, d- S.T.D. by C.C. D.D. by U.C. 
A man pre-eminent for piety and wisdom, whose death was a triumph. 

-See Manual. 1902. 

Publications: Ser. before Am. Col. Soc. 1825. — Remarks on the Letter 

of "Domesticus," (McClelland), concerning Incest, etc., under pseudonym 

"Veritas." 1827. — Ser. on the "Death of Col. Rutgers." 1830. — Ser. on 

the "Death of Aaron Hand." 1831.— A Ser. before A. B.C. P.M. 1833.— 

""Responsibilitv, as applied to the Professions and Callings of Dailv Life." 

1856. 

McNab, John. Presbyterian. Albany, N. ¥., 3d, 1908-09. Presbyterian. 

McNair, John Long. b. Churchill, Pa.; R.C. 185c, N.B.S. 53, 1. S.C. L.L ; 
Oyster Bay, 53-5, Marbletown. 55-9. Acting Sec. Bd. Ed. 59-60, Mar- 
bletown, 60-8, Miss, pastor at Fulton St. Ch., N.Y.C., 68-71, (Watkins, 
Presbyt., 71-75), Bedminster, 76-92, Rochester (Ulster Co.), 92-1902. 
d. June 20, 1904. Min. Gen. Syn., 1905, 278. 

McNair. Wilmer, b. Stone Ridge. N.Y.. Sept. 22,. 1858; R.C. 81. P.S. 86. 
1. Presb. Newark. 84 (Westminster Ch.. York, Pa.. 86-90; Prof, of 
Latin in Whitworth College. Bethany, Tacoma. Wash., 1890-91). 
Atlantic Highlands, N. J., 1892-5; S.S. Pottersyille, N. J., 1897-1904; 
Marbletown and Stone Ridge, N. Y.. 1904-15; Holmdel. N. J., 1915 

McNeil, Archibald, united with Seceders, 1823, Owasco, 1823-4. Ovid, 
1838-68. 

McNeil, J. R., b. Criefif, Scotland, Jan. 4. 1883. R.C. 1906. N.B.S. 1906-08. 
Aliss. Gotebo, Okl., 1908-09. d. Jan. 18. 1910. 

McNeil. Wm. Nash. b. Crieff, Scotland, March 31, 1885. R.C. 1908. N.B.S. 

1911. I. by S.C. L.L '191 1. Little Falls. N. J.. 1911-15; New Hyde 
Park. N. Y., 1915-18; West Farms, N. Y. C, 1918-^. Bd. of Edu- 
cation 1 91 9. 

McNeish, David, b. in Scotland, 1820; R.C. 41. N.B.S. 44. 1. CI. N.Y.; 

Centreville. Mich.. 44-6. Centreville and Constantine, 46. Constantine, 

46-9, South Bend, 49-52. Constantine, 52-4, d. 
Educated by the beneficence of the Churcli. he determined to go and 
labor just where the Church might send him. He was sent to the Western 
field, where he spent his life, sometimes engaged in building up new 
churches and in infusing new life into old ones. He endured hardness as a 
good soldier of Jesus Christ. 

See Manual. 1902. 
MacQueen, Peter, b. Wigtonshire. Scotland, Jan. 11, 1863; C.N.J. 1887; 

U.T.S. 1890; ord. by CI. Westchester. May 14, 1891 ; S.S. Bronxville, 

91-93, Somerville, Mass.. Cong. (Day Ch.) 1893 

MacQueston, Rockwood. Annandale, N. J., 1904-10. 

McWilliam. Alex., b. at Stoney Kirk, Scotland, Aug. 8, 1826; U.C. 50, 

As.soc. Ref. Sem., now United Presbyt. at Ncwburgh, 55. 1. by Presbyt. 

of Caledonia. 54; (Graham Ch. Assoc. Ref. 55-60). S.S. Walpeck. Oct. 

60-1. June, pastor. 61-70. East Millstone. 70-90. supplying churches, d. 

191 2. Feb. II. Min. Gen. Syn., 1902, 561. 

Puiu.ic.xTiONS : Sermon on "Death of President Garfield." — Sermon at 

25th Anniversary of Ch. of East Millstone. N.J. 

McWilliam, Homer. Mistake for McMillan. 

Maddaus,.O.scar. b. of American parents, Riga, Russia. 11 years in busi- 
ness. Brown Univ. 1907. Theo. studies private. Ord. Pres. of 

Boston, 1907. North Hempstead. L. L. 1907 . Editor Nassau Co. 

Journal. 

Madoulet. J. B. Burlington. 111., 1853-5. 



412 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Magee, Geo. A., b. in Londonderry. Ireland, May ii, 1830; c. to America, 
40; studied theology with Dr. Krebs of N.Y.C.; 1. Presbyt. N.Y. 18.. ; 
Williamsburgh. L.I., 18..-.., Providence, R.I., 18..-.., in Maryland, 
Ramapo, 71-5. w. c, died Jan. 16, 1878. 

Mager, Wm., b. Jersey City, N. J., Sept. 9, 1879. Bloomfield Acd. 1901. 
Bloomfield Sem. 1904. 1. by S. Bergen 1904. Ass. Hudson City, N. J., 
2d, July-Sept., 1904. (Presbyterian, New Hyde Park, N. Y., 1904-10). 

North Bergen, N. J., 1910 . CI. Chairman of Progress Campaign. 

Agent Bd. Pub. and Bib. Sch. Work. Member Bd. D.M. R.C. Bd. 
of Library Trustees, Town of Union, 1914 . President, 1916 . 

Magill, Andrew. Brooklyn Ch. in the Heights, 1908-13. Presbyterian. 

Maier, James, S.S. Florida, N.Y., 1794. 

Maines, Walter S., b. North Church, N. J., Aug. 25, 1879. N.B.S. 1905. 
]. by CI. Orange. Ramapo, N. J., 1905-08. Paterson, N. J., 2d, 
(Totowa), 1908-14. Jersey City, N. J., Van Voorst, 1914-15. Ellen- 
ville, N. Y., 1916- 

Alair, Hugh, b. July 16, 1797, at New Milno, Scotland; Univ. Glasgow, 
1820; lie. by Assoc. Syn. Secess. Ch. 23; Dom. Miss. Work in Scot- 
land, 23-8; c. to America; Miss, to Argyle and Fort Miller, Jan. 29, 
Northumberland, 29-31, (Johnstown, 29-43, Brockport, 44-5, V/arsaw, 
46-7, Fergus, Canada West, 47-54, d. Nov. i). 

Major, John W., b. 1825; U.C. 45- P-S. 53. (Caledonia, N.Y.), Boght, 
6c-4; (Presbyt. again), d. at Palmyra, May 10, 1869. 

Makely, George N. Bethany Chapel, Brooklyn, 1896-1900, (Cedar Rapids, 
la., Presbyt. 1900 — - 

jMalefyt, Stephen John Paul deW., b. Neth., July 20, 1893. Syracuse Univ., 
Class 1924. Home Missionary Training Institute, Brooklyn, 1919. 
1. by CI. Montgomery 1920. Lay Evangelist. S.S. Cicero, N. Y., 
J 920 

Mallery, Charles Gilbert, b. Milford, Del., Nov. 21, 1869; R.C. 96, N.B.S. 
99, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, Syracuse 2d, 1899-1904. Rhinebeck, N. Y., 
1904-14. Bedminster, N. J., 1914-19. Bethlehem, Selkerk, N. Y., 

1919 

Publications : 175th Anniversary Sermon, Rhinebeck Ch. Hymns and 

poems in press. 

Malta, Frank. Chicago, 111., Kensington Italian Mission, 1916-17. 

Malven, Frank, b. Port Jervis, N.Y., Oct. 16, 1866; R.C! 93, N.B.S. 96, 
1. CI. Orange ; Assistant pastor, Harlem Colleg. Ch. 96-98, College 
Point, 1898-1905. (Presbyterian Fagg's Manor, Pa., 1905-1916. Pleas- 
ant Valley, N. Y., 1916 ). 

Manchee, William, b. London, Eng., July 30, 1841 ; Hackney Coll. and 
Sem., London, Eng., 1866; ord. by Congregationalists in Whitefield 
Chapel, Drury Lane, London, Feb., 1866; (Whitefield Chapel, London, 
66-7, Cowbridge Cong. Ch. Hertford, 67-72, Guelph, Canada, Cong., 
73-9. Plainfield, N.J., ist Cong. 79-84), Lodi, N. J., 84-7, Hoboken, N.J., 
87-9, Bayside, L.I., 90-1, Clifton, N.J., 91-2, Cherry Hill, N.J., 91-3, 
Guttenberg, 1894-1917. 

Mancius, George Wilhelmus, b. in Duchy of Nassau. Germany, 1706; 
studied probably at some German University in the vicinity; Herborn 
Theological Seminary, 1728-30; ordained by some German Classis or 
Consistory, 1730;. sailed from Amsterdam, for America about July 12 
(or after), 1730; in Kaatsban, Nov., 1730-Junc i, 1731 ; (was 
called to Schraalenberg and Paramus, Dec. 23, 1730); installed at 
Schraalenberg, Sept. 19, 1731 ; at Schraalenberg and Paramus, Sept., 
1731-1732; called to Kingston, as colleague of Vas, Alay, 1732; at 
Kingston, 1732-62, died Sept. 6. Also supplied Kaatsban, 1732-62, and 
Rhinebeck, 1734-42; also occasionally other churches, at Dcerpark. 
Minisink, Walpack, Smithfield, etc. 
The place of education and early life of ^Mancius are obscure. The cause 



TliE MIXISTRY 4 1 ,; 

■of his mission to the Palatines along the Hudson River is probably to be 
sought in the German correspondence to the Herborn Seminary or to the 
German ecclesiastical bodies in that vicinity. At any rate Mancius sud- 
denly appeared upon the scene. His pastoral labors were abundant for a 
long distance on the western shore of the Hudon. and even extended into 
New Jersey and Pennsylvania. He was a remarkable linguist, able to speak 
nine languages, and therefore very useful to the scattered groups of settlers 
in the western wilderness. No minister of the colonial period extended the 
Reformed Church more persistently than he. At first he favored the organ- 
ization of Ccetus, and in various ways showed his independence. But later 
he became ojjposed to the Coetus, and was unwilling to recognize its acts as 
binding. He thus took a reactionary position which led him into relation- 
ships and actions which were considered by many improper. But in spite 
of unfortunate conduct in these respects he was undoubtedly a good man, 
and eminently useful over a w^ide field. His portrait now hangs in the 
chapel of the Church of Kingston. 

See Ecc. Rec. N. Y., many letters and allusions, Mag. R. D. C. ii. 296, 
iii- 55- 301. 33^' Manual, 1902. 

Mandeville, Garret, b. March 19, 1775: studied under Froeligh, 1. CI. N.Y. 
1796; Rochester, Wawarsing. and Clove, 1798-1802, Caroline, 1802-4, 
(Ithaca, Pre.sbyt. 1804-15), Beach Woods, 24-6, Berkshire Valley. 26-8. 
Six Mile Creek, 28-31, w. c. 31-50, emeritus, d. 1853. See ' Ch. Int.." 
Jan. 12, 1854. 
Mandeville. Giles Henry, b. in N.Y.C., Dec. 12, 1825; R.C. 48. N.B.S. 
51, 1. CI. N.Y. ; Flushing, 51-9, Newburgh. 59-69. N.Y.C.. Harlem. 69- 
82, President of Hope College. 79-81. Cor. Sec. Bd. of Education, 83- 
1900, Hon. Sec. and Treasurer, 1900-1904. d. Nov. 4. D.D., R.C, 1870. 
LL.D.. H.C. 
Dr. Mandeville was successful in his pastorates and this prepared him 
for the great work of hi^ life as Secretary of the Board of Education. 
During his term 318 students passed under his care and he became the 
intimate friend and adviser of many Reformed ministers. Thus his influ- 
ence in the work of the Church became very wide. Min. Gen. Syn.. I905> 
279. 

Publications : Flushing. (L.I.). "Past and Present." i860. — Fun. Ser. 
of Col. Benj. R. Hoagland. 1858. — Address to Yoimg Men's Ch. Assoc. 
1859. — Address at Fun. of Dan. C. Belknap. 1861. — Sermon. "My Coun- 
try." 1861. — "Golden Memories." or Hist. Ch. Harlem. 1875. — Sermons; 
Articles in Quarterlies : addresses ; contributions to the press. 
Mandeville. Henry, b. at Kinderhook. 1804; U.C. 26. N.B.S. 29. ! CI. Al- 
bany; Shawangunk, 29-31. Geneva. 31-4. Utica. 34-41. also Prof, of 
Moral Phil, and Rhetoric in Hamilton Col. 41-9. Albanv, Presbvt. 50-4, 
Mobile Ala., 54-8. d. 1858. D.D. by U.C. 1847. 
■ Manual, 1902. 
PuBi.ic.\Tioxs : "Per.severance as a Means of Success": Before Lit. So- 
cieties Hamilton Coll. 1840. — "Reflex Influences of Foreign Missions" : 
Before Soc. of Inquiry, N.B.S. 1847. — ("Princeton Rev." xix. 428.) — He 
published a Series of Reading Books, as follows: Primary Reading Book. 
I vol.. i6mo. Second Reading Book, i vol., i6mo. Third Reading Book, 
1 vol., i6mo. Fourth Reading Book, i vol.. i2mo. Fifth Reading Book, or 
Course of Reading, i vol., i2mo. Sixth, Elements of Reading and Oratory, 
T vol., i2mo, 1840. ("Princeton Rev." xxi. 462.) — "Goodness of God to a 
Nation 70 \'ears Old." 1853. — "Essays on a Part of Epistle to Romans." — 
Art. in "Sprague's Annals" on Rev. lohn De Witt, D.D. 
Manley, John, b. i8ic; R.C. 28, N.B.S. 31. 1. CI. N.B.: Manheim. 31-3. 
Saddle River and Pascack. 34-53, Saddle River, 53-66. w. c. Died. 
1871. May 22. 
Manley. Wm., 1. CI. N.Y. 1798; Miss, to Susquehanna River Region. 1798- 
1800, supplied Cortlandtown and Peekskill, 1800-06, d. 



414 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Mann, Archibald Irving, b. Sturgeon Bay, Wis.. June 6, 1888. Moravian- 
Col., Bethlehem. 1909. McCormick Sem. 1912. Ord. by Moravian 
Ch. 1910. (Pres. Park and Fond Du Lac Covenant Pres. 1911-12. 
Ass., ist Pres., Oshkosh, Wis., 191^-13, North Pres., Milwaukee, 
1913-15), Philmont, N. Y.. 1915-18. Yonkers, N. Y., Park Hill. 1918 

Mann, Alexander McCalla, b. Philadelphia. Pa.. Mar. 16. 1808; R.C. 2.y, 
TsT.B.S. 30; Ithaca. 31-37. West Troy (S.S.) 2>7, Poughkeepsie, 38-57,. 
Hoboken. 58-61. (Trumansburg. Presbyt.). 62-65, Lodi. N. Y., S.S., 
69-70. d. July 15, 1893. D.D. Univer. Rochester, 1856. Pres. Gen. 
Syn., 1851. 
He was the Chairman, for many years, of the Committee for the Revision 

of the Liturgy — begun in 1855. — "Mints, of Gen. Syn.," 1894, 208. "Biog. 

Notices Grads. R.C," 1894, 9. Manual, 1902. 

Alanning, John H.. b. New Brunswick, Sept. 22,. 1825. R.C. 1844. N.B.S. 
J7, 1. CI. N.B. ; Spotswood, 47-54. South Brooklyn, ^4-73, w. c. Died' 
Oct. 25, 1878; elected trustee R.C. 1863. D.D. See Manual of 1879. 

Mansen, Folkert B.. b. Sept. 6, 1871. Groningen. Neth. H.C. 1899. W.T.S. 
1902. 1. by CI. Mich. Raritan, 111., 1902-05; Classical Miss. CI. Pella, 
1905-07: Bethany. Sully. la., 1907-10; Eddyville, la.. 1910-13; Prairie 
View, Kan.. 1913-20; Sanborn. la.. 1920-21; Middlebury. la.. 1921. 
S.C. CI. East Sioux. 
Publications: 50th Anniversary Alemorial Volume. Ref. Ch. of Raritan, 

1905. 

Manton. Daniel E. S.S. Ghittenango. N. Y., 1834-6. 

Many, D. J. (Jr.), b. Albany, N. Y., May 11. i860. Ham. Col. 1880. Aub. 
S. and P.G. P.S. 1886. 1. by Pres. of Albany. (Pres. Esperance. N. 
Y.. 86-90; Guilderland. N. Y.. 90-99. Manchester. N. H.. Westminster, 
1899-1907; Watertown. N. Y., ist. 1907-10); Rensselaer, N. Y.. ist, 
1910-18; Visscher's Ferry, Amity. 1918-21. (Pres.. Troy. N. Y., 

19^1^;^ ). Moderator of various Presbyteries. Clerk of S3nod of 

N. Y. (Presbyterian). 

Marcelus. Aaron A., b. Amsterdam, N.Y.. 1799; U.C. 1826. N.B.S. 30, 1. 
CI. N.Y. ; Lysander, 30-1, Schaghticoke, 31-4, N.Y.C. Manhattan, 34-6, 
Prin. of Lancaster Academy, Pa., 36-9, Freehold, 39-50, teaching in 
N.Y.C. and Williamsburgh, 51-6. Greenville, 56-9. teaching in Bergen, 
59-60. d. See Manual of 1879. 

Marcley. Allen Francis, b. Mariaville, N. Y. R.C. 191 1. W.T.S. 1914. 
1. by CI. Mich. Cleveland, O., ist, 1914-16; Katsbaan, N. Y., 1916-18; 
Lisha's Kill, N. Y.. 1918 

Marcy. Sherman H.. b. Russia. Herkimer Co.. N. Y. Colgate Univ. 1889.- 
Hamilton Theo. Sem. 1892. 1. by Baptist Church. Hamilton, N. Y., 
1892. P.G. U.T.S. (Baptist. Hempstead. L. I.. 1892-1899). Pres- 
byterian, 1909-18; Y.M.C.A. War Work, 1918-20; Netherwood. N. J., 
1920 

Marinus. David, studied in Pennsylvania, lie. by Coetus. 1752; Aquacka- 
nonck and Pompton Plains, 1752-6. Aquackanonck. Totowa and Pomp- 
ton Plains. 1756-73. Kakiat. 1773-78. also supplied Fairfield, 1756-73. — 
Ecc. Rec. N. Y. 
Publications : "Remarks on the Disputes and Contentions in this Prov- 
ince." 1755. (A copy in vol. v. "Miscel. Pamphlets." N.J. Hist. Soc, 

Newark. Reprinted in "Centennial of N.B. Sem.." 340.) — A letter to the 

"Independent Reflector." pub. separately in vol. v.. as above. See also 

"Centen. of Rutgers Coll.." p. ~2>- 

Markle, Josiah, b. New Salem, N.Y., Ap. 26. 1829; R.C. 53. N.B.S. 57, 1. 
CI. Albany; (Chester. Presbyt. 57-8). Samsonville. 58-61. Dashville 
Falls. 62-4, Gansevoort and Northumberland, 64-5, Gansevoort, 65-8, 

w. c ; S.S., Mapleton, 1870, Schoharie Mt. and Lawyersville,. 

1872-5. Died Oct. 17, 1898. 

Marselus, Nich. J., b. in Mohawk Valley, 1792; U.C. 1810, N.B.S. 15, 1.. 



THE MINISTRY 415 

CI. N.B.; Grccnbush and Blooming Grove, 15-22, New York City, 
(Greenwich), 22-58, w. c. Died 1876, May 5. D.D. by R.C. 1844. 
He was a man of unusual will power. He preached with force and under 
the unction of the Spirit. More than thirty young men entered the ministry 
under his influence. 
Manual, IQ02. 

In reference to the suit brought by him for the distribution of the prop- 
erty of the Collegiate Church among all the Dutch churches of New Yorl: 
City, see "History of the \'arious Litigations relating to the lawful title of 
said church to the property held by them, etc.," with the arguments pro 
and con, and the final decision of -the Court of Appeals, June, 1867. Pub- 
lished. 1 87 1. 

PuBLiCATioN.s : "Translation of Elijah": A .ser. on death of Dr. J. H. 
Livingtson. 1825. "The Good Old Way." 1830. — "Gospel Ministry and its 
Results." 1842. — "Ministerial Appeal and Complaint." 1850. — A Sermon. 
T 850. 
Marsilje, Peter J. H.C. 1899. W.T.S. 1902. Liberty. Okl.. 1902. (Pres. 

Springfield. 111.), Buck Creek, Okl., 1904. Pres. 1905. d. 1921. 
Martin, Daniel Hoffman, b. Martindale. N. Y.. Feb. 5. 1859; C.C. N.Y. 
81; U.T.S. 84; ord. CI. N.Y., Dec. 2, 1884; High Bridge. N.Y.C., 
1884-90; Clinton av., Newark. N.J., 1890-1908. Pres. 1908. Glens 
Falls, N. Y., Fort Washington Pres. Ch. Dead. 
Martin. James M.. b. Orange. N. J., Aug. i, 1875. R.C. 1899. N.B.S. 
1902. 1. by CI. of N.B. 1902. North Paterson, N. J., 1902-05; Spring 
Valley, N Y.. 1905-08; Paterson. N. J., Broadway, 1908-15; Hudson, 

N. Y', 1915-21 ; Holland. Mich.. 3d, 1921 . Pres. P.S. N.Y.. 1920. 

Permanent Clerk Gen. Syn., 1920 

PuRLic.\Tioxs : Articles in Int. 
Martine, Ab. J., b. at Clarkstown, N.Y., Oct. 19. 1848; R.C. 7i. N.B.S. 76, 
1. CI. Paramus; Stanton, 1876-82, Manhassct, 82-91. (Dunellen, 
(Presbyt.) 1891-1900).' Marborough, 1900-1905. Supt. General Hos- 
pital, Passaic, N. J., 1905-08. Little Falls, N. J., 1908-11, New Pros- 
pect. N. Y.. 191 1 -16. d. Dec. 6. Min. Gen. Syn.. 1917, 255. 
Publications : Hist. Ref. Ch. of Navesink, now First Ch. of Freehold. 
Martyn, Fermin Ferner, (son of Rev. W. C. Martyn), b. St. Louis. Mo., 
June 25. 1870; C C. 91, U.T.S. 92. Div. Sch. Chicago. 93; ord. by CI. 
Bergen, Nov. 8. 1893; English Neighborhood, at Ridgefield, N.Y., 1893- 
5; engaged in Literature. N.Y.C., 1895. 
Martyn. (William) Carlos, b. N.Y.C., Dec. 15, 1841; U.T.S. 69; ord. 
(Cong.). June 25, 69; (Pilgrim Ch.. St. Louis, Mo., 69-71 ; Portsmouth, 
N.H.. 71-6) : 34th St.. N.Y.C., 76-83, Bloomingdale. N.Y.C., 83-90, 

Newark, ist. 90-2: 6th Presb. Chicago, 92-4, Lecturer. 1894 . D.D. 

Marvin, Frederic Rowland, (s. of Uriah Marvin), b. Troy, N.Y., Sept. 23, 
1847; Lafayette Coll., Easton, Pa., i year; U.C. i year; Coll. Physicians 
and Surgeons — Med. Dept. C.C. 1870; Professor N. Y. Free Medical 
Col. for Women; N.B.S. 76-77, 1. CI. N.Y. ; ord. by Cong. Council, 
Middletown. N.Y.. Ap. 18, 78; (Middletown. N.Y. (Cong.). 78-82, 
Portland. Oregon (Cong.) 82-85. Great Barrington, Mass., (Cong.), 
87-95. Engaged in literary work and supplying churches 1895-1918. 
d. July 22. 
Dr. Marvin was a cultivated Christian gentleman. He was an effective 
and interesting speaker and had a most interesting personality and main- 
tained a warm interest in the common affairs of life. He held his cinncction 
with the Reformed Church in i)lea.sant recollection to the end. 

See "AHibone's Diet. Eng. Lit." Sup. vol. 2 (of 5 vols, ed.) ; "Men of 
Lafayette" (Coll.) by Prof. Coffin; "Harrlngshaw's Encyc. Am. Biog."; 
"Iamb's Biog. Diet." 

PvBi.iCATioNS : "Dream Music": a Vol. of Poems. 1871. — "Death in 
the Light of Science," 1878. — "(Tonsecrated Womanhood": A Sermon at 



4l6 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Portland, Oregon, 1883. — "Editors and Newspapers," a Sermon, Portland. 
Oregon, 1883. — "Gospel Catechism for Young Children"; Portland, Oregon, 
1883. — "The Real Devil : Who he is, and Where he Lives" : A Sermon 
Portland, 1884. — "Christ Among the Cattle," 1899. — "The Last Words of 
Distinguished Men and Women," 1901. Literature of the Insane, Epidemic 
Delusions "Flowers of Song from Many Lands." A Book of Quatrain — 
Poems and Translation. "Excursion of a Book Lover," "Love and Letters." 
Fire-side Papers. "Top of the Wine Jar." 

Marvin, Uriah, b. at Albany, N.Y., Jan. 8. 1816; W.C. and U.C. 35, P.S. 
47, lie. by Presbytery of Troy, 1846; Union Village, 1848-55, Greenwich, 
N.Y.C., 1855-8, Nyack, 1860-70, w. c. Died Nov. 18, 1898. 
Manual, 1902. 
Masden, C. P. Philadelphia, 2d, 1873-79; became a Methodist. 
Mason, Alfred De Witt, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., Mar. 21, 1855; A.C. ^T, U.T.S. 
77-8; N.B.S. 78-80; 1. S. CI. L.L; ord. N. CI. L.L, Oct. 7, 80; Locust 
Valley, 80-2; Brooklyn, South, 82-91; Boonton, N.J., 91-4; Ed. "Mis- 
sion Field," 1894-1909. — Also Managing Editor of the "The Day Star," 
Nov., 1896. — Also Sec. for Young People's Mission Work, i8'96-i902. 
Editor Christian Intelligencer, 1909-17. Pres. C.E. Missionary League, 
1895-1905. D.D. H.C. 1909. 
Publications: Editorials, «&c., as above indicated; in charge of the 
Weekly Christian Endeavor Department, in "Christian Intelligencer," 1885- 
95, and other articles in the same ; many Magazine articles, Reports, news- 
paper articles, &c. — Rejiorts of Christian Endeavor Missionary League, 

1893 . Outline of the Story of Missions, 1912. Mission Study in S.S., 

1902. Modern Methods in S.S. Work, 1913. 

Mason, Ebenezer, (s. of Rev. Dr. John M. Mason), b. in N.Y.C., June 15, 
1800; C.N.J. 20, P.S. 23; ord. 2d Presbyt. N.Y.. Ap. 20, 26. Brooklyn, 
26-7, (Sixth av., N.Y.C., 27-8, North Ch.. N.Y.C.. 29-3^, Blooming 
Grove, 1848-9, d. Mar. 14). S.T.D. 
See Manual, 1902. 
(Mason, John. S.S., Hurley, 1834-6). 

(Mason, John M. See Manual, 1869. Also "Van Vechten's Life of Dr. 
J. M. Mason). Several students of the Dutch Church studied theology 
with him. 
Mathews, John R. N.Y.U. 1859, N.B.S. 1862. Episcopalian. Rector at 

Peekskill, chaplain in the navy ; died Dec. 2"/, 1898. 
Mathews, James M., b. in Salem, N.Y., March 18, 1785. U.C. 1803, Assoc. 
Ref. Sem., 1807, 1. Assoc. Ref. Presbyt., N.Y., 1807; Assistant Prof, 
of Bib. Lit. in Dr. Mason's Sem. 1809-18, supplied South Dutch. Gar- 
den St., N.Y.C., 1811-12, pastor of South Dutch, 1812-40, Chancellor 
of University, 1831-9. Lecturing on religious and educational subjects, 
d. 1870. D.D. 
Dr. Mathews ranked among the most acceptable and impressive preachers 
of his day. He took a prominent part in the founding of the University of 
New York, and was chosen its first Chancellor. His interest in its welfare 
and the sacrifice he made to promote its prosperity are important points 
in its history and were warmly appreciated by his co-laborers. 

He was in public life for more than sixty years and all that time he served 
God and his generation with the full use of his many talents. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "The Religious Influence of Mothers." "The Adorable 
Saviour." "Critical Periods in the Sinner's Life." All three in "Nat. 
Preacher." 1836. — "What is Your Life"? A ser. on the loss of Lexington. 
1840. — "The Bible and Men of Learning," pp. 392. 1855. — "The Bible and 
Civil Government," pp. 268. 1858. — "Fifty Years in N.Y." 1858. — Ar- 
ticles in "Sprague's Annals" on Revs. Ch. Bork, J. M. Bradford, Alex. 
Gunn. Wm. McMurray, P. N. Strong. 
Matthews, Algernon, b. in Isle Guernsey. 1841 ; Elizabeth Coll.. Ger- 



THE MINISTRY 417 

many; N.B.S. 75, He. N. CI. L.I.; Jersey City Heights, 75, Manheitn, 
76-9. Dismissed to the Presbyt. of Kingston, Canada. 
Mattice, Ab., b. in Schoharie, N.Y.. Aug. 16, 1833. R.C. 58, N.B.S. 62, lie. 
and ord. as an evangeHst by CI. Schoharie, 62; Miss, to Kewascum, 
Wis., 62-4, Eden, 64-6, Prof, of Ancient Langs, and Mathematics, in 
Riverside Seminary, Germantown, N.Y., 67-9, Principal of Hudson 
(N.Y.) Academy, 69-73, Principal of Fort Plain Female Collegiate 
Institute, N.Y.. 73-9, Principal of Seymour Smith Academy, Pine 
Plains, Dutchess Co., N.Y.. 79-96, Montville, 96-1901. Ass. Newark, 
Clinton Ave., 1901-04. d. Dec. 26, 1904. Min. Gen. Syn., 1905, 280. 
Mattice, Henrv, b. in Schoharie Co., N.Y., Aug. 16, 1822; lie. (N.S.) Presb. 
Kansas, 61; ord. (O.S.) Presb. Kaskaski (III.) Ap. 68; (Miss. 
A.S.S.U. in Kansas, 59-54). Agent U.S. Ch. Com., 64-66, S.S. Mis- 
sions, and Agent Y.M.C.A., St. Louis, Mo., 67-68, supplied Trenton, 
III., 67-68, Missionary, Howard Miss., N.Y.C., 69; supplied West 
New Hempstead, 69-71, reed, by letter 'in CI. Paramus, Ap. 71; Assist. 
Sup. House of Industry, and Miss. Pastor, Calvary Chapel, N.Y.C., 
71-73; pastor. Palisades. 73-78, Jersey City, Free Ch., Morgan St., Miss. 
Jan. 79-88, Unionville, 88-89, Hoboken. 89-95. Died Aug. 12, 1897. 
Always much interested in Sunday School Work, he actually took charge 
of the Sunday School at his home, before making a profession. He was 
subsequently sent West by a church in Albany, N.Y., and he established, 
chiefly in Kansas, about 150 Sunday schools. He many times rode 100 
miles on horseback to attend a convention. Many important churches in 
Kansas have grown out of his work. He established the first Italian Mis- 
sion in New York City. In Hoboken, his church was burned, and his 
efforts secured a new edifice — a monument of his zeal and energy, but at 
the cost of his health. His life was full of change, but always along the 
line of consecrated Christian service. He was made a prisoner in the Civil 
War by a guerilla leader, Quantral. but at once released, when his mission 
was understood. — "Mints o'f Gen. Syn.." 1898, 2t,2. 
Matzke, Herman, came from Germanv, 1878; Silver Creek, 111., (Ger.) 

1878-1887; d. Ap. 9.— "Mints Gen. Syn.," 1887, 436. 
May, Edward H., b. at Lynn, Norfolk, Eng., Jan. 28, 1795 ; Hoxton Coll. 
and Sem., London, Eng., 1815, (Bary Lane, 1815-.., Rochford, Essex, 
Croydon, Surrey ) , Northumberland, 35-6, Northum- 
berland and Schuylerville, 36-9, Twenty-first St., N.Y.C., 39-48, Sec. 
Pa. Col. Soc. 1848-9, Sec. Pa. Seamen's Friends' Soc, 1849-57, d. 1858. 
Mr. May was widely known and esteenied as a man, a Christian and a 
minister. He was a man of frank, cheerful disposition, from whose well 
stored mind continually bubbled up instruction and pleasure for the large 
circle of his acquaintances. See Alanual, 1902. 

Ma3or, J. L., (French Refd.), b. Nimes, France. He went to Am?terdam, 
and the Consistory of the Walloon Church there, engaged his services 
for New York. He arrived on July 27, 1754. New York, Aug. 4, 1754- 
Ap. 1764; went to London. Chaplain of the French Hospital, London, 
for many years. 
The historian Smith says of him: "He bears an irreproachable charac- 
ter, is very intent upon his studies, preaches moderate Calvinism, and 
speaks with propriety, both of iironunciation and gesture." He was very 
zealous and energetic. The Register which he kept indicates a high sense 
of his responsibility. He also administered the sacrament four times a 
year at New Rochelle, the dissenting congregation of which place, since 
the death of Mr. Rou, had become a simple "annex" of the French Church 
of New York. He won the esteem and love of the people, but his efforts 
to resuscitate the French Church were not successful. He offered to re- 
main, after his resignation, if the church would conform to the Church of 
England. New Rochelle and other French churches had done so, but this 
church refused. During his ministry this church adopted, in 1755, the 



4l8 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

version of 1724 of the French Bible — "The Holy Bible of Geneva, with 

Reflections." In 1763 they adopted a new French version of the Psalms. 

Mayou, Joseph, b. at Birmingham, Eng., April 29, 1829; R.C. 55, N.B.S. 58, 
lie. and ord. CI. Schoharie. Missionary to India 1858-70. Somerset, 
Kansas, 72-6, (La Cygne, Kan., Presb. 77-9, Garnett, Kan., 79-80, High- 
land, Kan., 1881- . Served Protestant Episcopal Church 1893-1903. 

d. Aug. 18. 

Mead, Corn S., b. West Charlton, N.Y., 1818; U.C. 41, Aub. S. 44, 1. 
Presbyt. of Cayuga, 44; Rotterdam, ist, 44-9, Herkimer Village, 49-59, 
Chatham, 59-70, w. c. Prin. Spencertown Academy one year ; supply- 
ing churches^ — Ghent, Stuyvesant Falls, New Concord, etc. d. June 26, 

1879. 
Mead, Elias, b. Chesterville. N.Y.; R.C. 68, N.B.S. 70, lie. CI. Schenec- 
tady; Coeymans, 70-3, Keyport, 73-90, S.S., North Paterson, 1901, S.S., 
Bushwick, 1904-05 and 1907-08. d. Dec. 20, 1919. See Min. Gen. Syn., 

1920, 2"/^. 

Mead, Peter Francis, b. Bloomingdale, N. J., Jan. 13, 1862. Chicago, III., 
1888. Drew Theo. Sem. 1891, 1. by Newark M.E. Conference. (M.E. 
pastorates, 1890-1908). (Presbyterian Lackawanna. Wilkesboro, 1908- 
13. Marksboro, N. J., 1913-18). Accord, Rochester, N. Y., 1918-20. 
Ph.D. by University of Chicago. 
Medd, Thomas Hogett, b. Yorkshire, Eng., April 30, 1868; Ursinus Col. 
1892. P.S. 1895. Pastorates in Pres. Ch. 1895-1902. P.G. N.B.S. 
1902-03. Bethany, Philadelphia, Pa., 1904-05. d. April 8. Min. Gen. 
Syn., 1905, 282. 
Meeker, Edward J., b. Succasunna, N.J., Aug. 8, 1867; R.C. 96, N.B.S. 99, 
1. CI. N.B., Mohawk, 1899-1903. Also Fort Herkimer, 1900-1903, 
Highland Park, N.B., N. J., 1903-08, Glen, N. Y., 1910-14; also Auries- 

ville, N. Y., 1909-14, Lodi, N. Y., 1914-20. Episcopalian, 1920 . 

Returned to Reformed Church, 1921. 
Meeker, Stephen H., b. at Elizabethtown, N.J., Oct. 17, 1799; C.C. 1821, 
N.B.S. 24, 1. CI. N.B.; Bushwick, 25-30, Jersey City, Ap.-Oct. 30, Bush- 
wick, 30-76, d. Feb. I. 
He was preparing the materials for his fifty-first anniversary discourse 
when he was translated. In forty years he had been absent from his pulpit 
on account of sickness but a single sabbath, so hale and hearty was his 
vigor, even down to his last days. He organized the first Sunday-school 
within the present limits of Brooklyn. To four generations of parishion- 
ers he broke the bread of heaven. His church was a goodly mother of 
churches. His ministry was calm, earnest, and fruitful. His personal 
character and piety commanded universal regard among the people before 
whom he went in and out daily for half a century. And we may truly say 
of him what is written of Enoch : "Before his translation he had this tes- 
timony, that he pleased God." — "Ch. Int.," Feb. 10, 1876. 
Meengs, John Gerhardus, b. Geesteren, Prov. of Gelderland, Neths., Sept. 
28, 1873; H.C. 98, N.B.S. 1901, lie. CI. Saratoga; Missionary in Okla- 
homa, summers of 1900, 1901 ; West Troy, South, 1901-1904, Albany, 

3d, N. Y., 1904-07. Schenectady, N. Y., 2d, 1907 

Meengs, Philip G., b. Geesteren, Neth.. July 16, 1878. Student H.C. W.T.S. 
IQ08. 1. by CI. Michigan. Moody Bible Int. Holland, Mich., Ebenezer, 
1908-11, Prairie City, la., 1911-17. Classical Missionary CI. Mich., 
1917-18. d. Dec. 17. Min. Gen. Syn., 1919, 921. 
Meengs, Raymond D., b. Aug. 14, 1888. Cedar Grove, Wis. H.C. 191 1. 
W.T.S. 1915. 1. by CI. Wis. 1915. Hamilton, Mich., Am. Ref., 1915- 

20, Kalamazoo, North Park St., 192c 

Meerwein, Otto, b. Berlin, Germany, Jan. 19, 1840; Frederick William's 
College, University of Berlin, 62, U.S. 1868, 1. by 3d Presbyt. N.Y. 68; 
Philadelphia, 5th, (at Kensington), 1868-70, Lutheran. See U.S. Gen. 
Cat. 



THE MINISTRY 419 

Meeter, John, b. Chicago, 111., Jan. 21, 1880. Yankton Col, Calvin Col. 
W.T.S. 1912. 1. by CI. G.R. Decatur, Mich., 1912-14; Holland, Mich., 
Ebenezer, 1914. d. Nov. 3. Min. Gen. Syn., 1915. 596. 
Megapolensis, Johannes, born 1601 ; studied in Roman Catholic institutions, 
especially at Cologne; converted to Protestantism at the age of 23; 
(1624) ; pastor at Wieringerwood, 1633-38, at Schoorel and Berge, 
1638-42, c. to America, Rensselaerswyck, (Albany), 1642-9, New Am- 
sterdam, 1649-70, d. Jan. 24. Also assisted Polhemus at Flatbush and 
Flatlands, 1664-70. 
While John Cornelius Backerus was undergoing successive examinations 
by the Classis of Amsterdam, he informed the Classis, (Nov. 19, 1641), 
that there were certain ministers in the Classis of Alkmaar who were not 
averse to going to the East or West Indies, on good conditions. These 
were the minister at Schoorel and the minister at Koedyk. He was at 
once requested to invite these ministers to visit the Classis of Amsterdam. 
("Mints, of the Deputies," xx, 62-3). On Mar. 6, 1642, a contract was 
entered into between Patroon Van Rensselaer and Domine Johannes 
Megapolensis, one of these ministers, to serve at Rensselaerswyck for six 
years. He is called in said contract minister of the churches of Schoorel 
and Borge. He was said to be 39 years old, had a wife and four children, 
all under fourteen years of age. His salary was to commence as soon as 
he reached his field; the Patroon would pay all expenses of their jour- 
ney and make him a present of 300 guilders ($120). If they should be 
captured by the Dunkirkers, the Patroon would seek to ransom them, and 
forward them on their voyage, and pay them 40 guilders per month ($16) 
during their detention. The Patroon would also build him a house in his 
colony ; and besides preaching to the Dutch, he was to seek to edify the 
Indians. The patroon would pay him yearly, 1,000 guilders, ($400), which 
would enable him to maintain his family honorably, without tilling land, 
engaging in commerce, or rearing cattle. This was to be paid in provisions, 
clothing, and such like, besides a yearly present of 30 bushels of wheat and 
two firkins of butter, or 60 guilders ($24) worth of other things. In case 
of his decease, the Patroon would pay his widow the half year's salary on 
which he had entered and 100 guilders ($40) per year until the expiration 
of the six years' contract. He was also to befriend and serve the patroon 
in every way possible. 

The Patroon then, (Mac. 17, 1642), sought the approbation of the call by 
the Classis of Amsterdam. (Mints, of CI., iv., 249). This was done on the 
following day by the Deputies. (Mints. Deputies, xx. 70). The ecclesias- 
tical call is dated March 22. It refers to the door opened in the East and 
West Indies for the preaching of the Gospel, and of the benefits thus al- 
ready secured ; that Kilian Van Rensselaer had founded a colony on the 
North River, of which he was Patroon, and would fain have a good 
preacher there; that Domine Johannes Megapolensis, Jr., pastor at Schoorel 
and Berge had been called "to preach God's Word in the said Colony, to 
administer the Holy Sacraments of baptism and the Lord's Supper; to set 
a Christian example to the congregation, by public precept ; to ordain elders 
and deacons, according to the form of the holy Apostle Paul, I. Tim. iii. 
and V. I ; and by the advice and assistance of the same, to keep and govern 
God's church in good discipline and order, all according to God's Holy 
Word, and in conformity with the government, confession, and catechism 
of the Netherland churches, and the Synodical Acts of Dort, subscribed 
by him, to this end, with his own hand, and promised in the presence of 
God at his ordination" ; . . . "May the Almighty God. who hath called 
him to this ministry, and instilled this good zeal in his heart, to proclaim 
Christ to Christians and heathens in such distant lands, strengthen him 
more and more, in this, bis undertaking ; enrich him with all sorts of spir- 
itual gifts, and bless overflowingly his faithful labors; and when the Chief 
Shepherd, Christ Jesus, shall ai)pear, present him with the imperishable 
crown of eternal glory. Amen." 



420 • THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

This was signed by the officers of Classis. and an elder of Classis, Jonas 
Abeels, and by two directors of the West India Co. "Mints. CI.," iv., 249. 

On April 8, a committee of the Deputies reports, that they had been be- 
fore the Consistory of Schoorel, and the Classis of Alkmaar, and secured 
the dismissal of Megapolensis. "Acts of Deputies." xx., 72. The Deputies 
reported this to the Classis on June 2. "Mints. Classis," iv., 258. "Ex- 
tracts," xxxix., 107. 

On Ap. 22, 1642, the Classis. wrote to the Consistory of New Amsterdam 
about various matters. Among other things we read : — "There is also to 
be sent to New Netherland, notwithstanding a verbal protest, to wit, to 
Rensselaerswyck, a certain minister of the name of John Megapolensis, 
who has been in the ministry in this country for a long time already, (since 
1634), with whom . . . Rev. Bogardus and his entire Consistory are 
admonished and exhorted, to hold correspondence and communion, so far 
at least as the circumstances and the place permit ; and thus with united 
hands, to proclaim the Word of the Lord, not only among our own nation- 
ality, but also among the blind heathen in America." 

The Patroon provided Megapolensis with a Library, consisting of 17 sets 
of works, Classical, Theological, Geographical, and Philosophical (See 
list and remarks on the same by Dr. T. Romeyn Beck, in O'Callaghan, i. 
454-5). He sailed about June 6, 1642, and arriv^ed in August with a num- 
ber of emigrants. According to his own statements, he was 57 years old 
in 1658, when he wrote to Father Le Moyne. This does not agree with the 
former statement that he was 39 in 1642, as mentioned in the contract with 
Van Rensselaer. 

It has been said that he was the son of the Rev. Johannes Megapolensis, 
Sr., of Kordyk, Hoi. This appears to be impossible. It is probably that the 
name of the younger man was originally Grootstadt and that he assumed 
the name Megapolensis when disinherited by his own family in honor of his 
patron who was perhaps his spiritual father. 

Megapolensis soon exerted a visible influence in restraining the immoral- 
ities of frontier life. He was instrumental in saving Father Jogues, a Jesuit 
missionary from the extremity of torture and probable death at the hands of 
the Mohawk Indians. Father Jogues had been captured while ascending 
the St. Lawrence. The Dutch at once sought to ransom him, but were re- 
fused. At first the Indians despised the zeal of Jogues ; but after some 
months they began to listen to his teachings, and a few were baptized. 
They took him with them to Fort Orange. While there, a report was re- 
ceived that the French had defeated the Mohawks, and the Dutch com- 
mander advised the missionary not to risk their vengeance by returning, 
but now to effect his escape. He remained in close concealment for six 
weeks. Domine Megapolensis was his constant -friend, and saw him safely 
embarked for New Amsterdam, whence he proceeded to Europe. He sub- 
sequently returnd to Canada and visited the Mohawks, by whom he was 
put. to death. In 1644 Father Bressani was also rescued from the Indians 
by the Dutch and treated with great kindness. Gov. Kieft gave him a letter 
of safe conduct. Similar kindness was shown to Father Poncet when in 
trouble. 

Megapolensis also learned the heavy language of the Mohawks, so as to 
be able to preach to them fluently. A number of them united with his 
church in Albany. He was the first Protestant missionary to the Indians, 
preceding by several years John Eliot, in New England. Stopping at New 
Amsterdam on his way back to Europe, he was prevailed on by Governor 
Stuyvesant to remain there, that that colony might not be left destitute of 
ministerial service, Backerus having just left. While here he exhibited 
an intolerant spirit toward the Lutherans and Independents. The West 
India Company enjoined him not to be. too precise on indifferent matters, 
which rather tended to create schism than to edify the flock. (Drisius). 
In 1658, he was visited by Father Le Moyne, a Jesuit, who spent the winter 
in New Netherlands. A friendship grew up between them. 



THE MINISTRY 421 

Megapolensis got into not a little difficulty with the West India Com- 
pany because of the part he took at the English conquest of the country. 
To prevent effusion of blood, as they had no adequate means of defense, 
he strongly advised Stuyvesant to surrender when the English demanded 
it, in 1664. He was a man of thorough scholarship, energetic character, 
and devoted piety. He saw the infancy of the Dutch province, watched its 
growth, and saw its surrender. The original form of the family name was 
Van Mekelenburg, which was Hellenized into Megapolensis when his spirit- 
ual father came into Holland, becoming minister at P^gmont on the sea, 
and afterward at Koedvck and Pancras, in North Holland. 

Ecc. Rec. N. V., many letters. "Col. Hist., N.Y.," i. 431. 496, 505; ii- 455, 
473. 509, 722, 726; iii. 76, 250; xiii. 423. "Doc. Hist.," iii. 69. Call and con- 
tract at Albany, printed in "Mun.seH's Annals" i. 92-4, and "O'Callaghan's 
New Netherland," i. 448-4SO. Sketch of, by J. R. Brodhead, in "Hist. 
Soc. Coll.," 1857, 139. Sketch of, by Dr. Thos. De Witt, in "Sprague's 
Annals." "Brodhead's Hist, of N.Y.," vol. i. See Index. "Rogers' Hist. 
Dis.," 1857. "McClintock's Cyc." Also Archbishop Bayley's "Hist. Cath. 
Ch. of N.Y.," 14-21. 25. "Charlevoix," i. 634. "Shea's ed. of Charlevoix," 
ii. 138. "Jesuits' Relation," 1642-3, p. 243. "Doct. Hist., N.Y.," iv. 14, 
.-0. Manual, 1902. 

PuBLic..\Tioxs : Ecn Kort ontwerp van de Mahakavase (Mohawk) In- 
dianen, haer landt, tale, statuere. dracht. godes-dienst. ende magistrature. 
Aldus beschreven ende nu Kortelijck den 26 Augusti, 1644, opgesonden uit 
Nieuw Neder Lant. Door J. M. Juniorem. Predikant aldaar. Alitsgaders 
een kort verhaal van het leven ende statuere der Stapongers in Brasiel. 
t'Alckmaer. by Ysbr. Jansz. v. Houten. 8vo, pp. 32. (No date). With a 
plate. Pub. in Holland without his consent, 1651. (A short account of 
the Mohawk Indians, their country, language, figure, costume, religion, 
and government. Written and despatched from New Netherland, Aug. 
26, 1644. by J. M.. minister there. With a brief account of the life and 
manners of the Stapongers in Brazil). Translations may be found in 
"Hazard's State Papers." i. 517-526. and in the Hist. Collections of the 
State of N. Y., vol. iii. See "Duyckinck's Cyc. Lit.," i. 80.— Onderzoeck 
en belydemis Ten behoeve van degenen die aan S. Heeren avondmaal men- 
schen te gaan. (Examination and Confession for the Benefit of those who 
desire to partake of the Lord's Supper. 1656). 

Megapolensis' Treatise on Popery or Answer to Father Le Moyne, 1658, 
was not published in the Ecc. Recs. of N.Y., on account of its polemic 
character. The copy which he sent to Amsterdam is now in the Archives 
of the General Synod. The Treatise has been published in pamphlet form 
b}' the Collegiate Church of N. Y. 

Megapolensis. Samuel, (son of John Megapolensis), born 1632 (others say 
1634, 1641 ) ; Harvard Coll. 1653-6. matriculated at Utrecht Univ. Sept. 
1656; lie. by CI. of Haarlem, about 1659; matriculated at Leydcn Univ- 
to study Medicine. Nov. 14, 1661, (his age being given as 20) ; ord. 
Oct. 3, 1662, by CI. of Amsterdam; sailed for America, Jan.. 1664, 
New Amsterdam, 1664-8. returned to Holland; pastor at Wieringer- 
waard and South Zype. in N. Holland. 1670-7. at Flushing. 1677-85, at 
Dordrecht (the Scotch Church). 1685-1700. emeritus. Died 1706. 
His father writes to the Classis of Amsterdam. Sept. 25. 1658: 
"Reverend. Pious, and Learned Brethren in Chri.st : — 

"I have a son named Samuel, now entering on his twenty-fifth year. I 
instructed him myself for several years in the Latin and Greek languages. 
I then sent him to the Academy of Cambridge, in New England, where I 
allowed him to pursue his studies for three years at my own expense. 
When he returned home, he was desirous of visiting one of the universities 
of the Fatherland, and of continuing his studies therein. He accordingly 
went over to Utrecht, and having letters to Domine Voetius, he entered 
the university there. Although he is now separated from me many hun- 



422 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

dred miles, and I remain ignorant of his progress in his studies, or of his 
deportment in Hfe, nevertheless as he conducted himself diligently, studi- 
ously, and virtuously during his three years' residence in New England, 
according to ample testimonials given him, I trust that as he grows older, 
he will not exhibit less industry in study, or less excellency of conduct in 
the University of Utrecht ; and since he is so faithfully attending to his 
studies during the year now passing, that he will soon be prepared for an 
entrance on the Gospel ministry. 

"At the same time, owing to the condition of the churches here, and that 
it is necessary tfiat there should be sent out some English and Dutch preach- 
ers, it is my fraternal and submissive request, that when this subject comes 
before the Hon. Directors, and the Rev. Classis, that my son Samuel may 
be taken into consideration. And if he be deemed qualified for the office 
of the ministry, whether in Dutch or English towns, as he understands 
and speaks the English well, that he may be sent over in that capacity. 
As he is my youngest son, and I have been at much expense for him, having 
kept him for three years in New England, and now he is in the third at 
Utrecht, supporting him solely at my own expense, I cherish a strong 
desire to see him again among us before I die ; as I expect that New 
Netherland, where I have now passed seventeen years of my ministry, 
will be the place of my burial. It will be a great joy to me to have my 
son return, qualified by God in doctrine and life, to build up the church in 
this land. I commit these matters to God's providence and your kindness. 
May God bless and strengthen you and myself in our ministries, to the 
glory of his name, the edification of his church, and the salvation of our 
souls. Yours affectionately, 

"Johannes Megapolensis. 

"New Amsterdam, in New Netherland, Sept. 25. 1658." 

But it was six years after this before he returned to America. On May 
30, 1 661, he appears before the Classis of Amsterdam as a theological can- 
didate, and asks to be accepted as a "recommended candidate." "Good 
testimonials from the Classis of Haarlem having been read concerning 
him, and he having delivered a trial sermon before the Deputies, his re- 
quest was granted, after the usual subscription. He lives at Vianen." 
This is in South Holland. "Mints. CI. Amst.," vi., 228. 

On Aug. 21, 1662, one of the Deputati informed the Classis that the Di- 
rectors of the West India Company wanted another minister for New 
Netherland, and that the matter could not brook any delay. Three persons 
were nominated, and Rev. S. Megapolensis was chosen by a majority of 
votes. His examination was fixed for Sept. 4, and Acts 26. -'17, 18, was given 
him as a text for a sermon. "Mints. CI.," vi. 276. The matter was sub- 
sequently postponed until Oct. 3, 1662. On that day he preached his ser- 
mon, passed his examination, and was ordained. "Mints. CI.," vi., 279. 

Nevertheless, we find him again matriculating at Utrecht University in 
1663,- giving his residence as Holland. On June 2, 1663. we find the Depu- 
tati reporting to the Classis that he asked the Directors of the Company, 
through them, for an increase of salary, since he would have to preach 
in two languages. But the Classis would not consider this. Since he was 
also studying Medicine, at Leyden, the Deputati were directed to call his 
attention to the resolutions of the Synod against the practice of medicine 
by ministers ; "and that, according to his promise, he must depart as soon 
as possible, the sooner the better, to his designated field of labor." "Mints. 
CI.," vi., 308-9. On June 25, the same things were reiterated by Classis. 
He did not sail until Jan. 20. 1664. "Col. Docs.," ii., 223. 

He was, accordingly, between eight and nine years in Holland, and re- 
mained only four years in America, when he did return. On his arrival in 
New Amsterdam, Selyns was allowed to return to Holland, July, 1664. 

But the time of the surrender was at hand. In August, he and his 
father, with many others, were sent to meet Nicholls, whose fleet lay 



THE MINISTRY 423 

menacing the city. He was one of the commissioners also appointed to 
prepare the terms of surrender. Probably it was through his influence 
that the rights of the Reformed Church were so carefully guarded. After- 
ward, in Holland, he labored in the same church for a time, (Flushing), 
from which, a century later, Laidlie was called to preach in English in 
New York. For terms of surrender, see "Brodhead's N.Y.," i. 762; Ecc. 
Rec. N.Y.; "Col. Hist.," i. 496; ii. 223, 253, 413, ^22, 736; iii. 76. "Balen's 
Description of Dordrecht," 195; "Steven, Hist, of the British chs. in the 
Netherlands," 300, 306; "Vrolijherd, Clissingen, (Flushing) Kerkhemel," 
150. 151. 328; "Schotel, Church of Dordrecht," Part I., 438, Part H, 217; 
"O'Callaghan, New Netherland," i. 439. "Van der Aa's Biographisch 
Woordenboek." 

Meier, Jacob, b. Newark, N. J., June 28, 1881. Academic Dept., Bloom- 
field, 1902. Sem., Bloomfield, 1905. 1. by Pres. of Newark, 1905. Elm- 
hurst, L. I., 1905-C7. (Pres.. 2d German, New Orleans, La., 1907-09) ; 

Canarsie, Brooklyn, 1909 ; S.S., Barren Island, 1913-16. 

Meinema, Benj., lie. 1727; Kollum, Friesland, 17.. -1745, Poughkeepsie and 

Fishkill, 1745-56, d. 1761. 
Mellen, Henry Merle, Woodside, Newark, N.J., 1900-1912. 
Menning, Gerret, b. Alton, la., Aug. 8, 1884. H.C. 1911. W.T.S. 1915. 
1. by CI. la. Westfield, N. D., 1915-17; Grand Rapids, Mich., 8th, 

1917 . 

Menning, Seine J., b. Apeldoorn, Netherlands, Dec. 10, 1862; H.C; 
W.S. 93, 1. CI. Iowa ; Lafayette, Ind., 93-4, Le Mars, la., 94-7, Church- 
ville, Minn., 1897-1902. Ada, Mich., 1903-06, Muscatine, la., 1906-11, 

Portage, Mich., 191 1 -16, Archer, la., 1916-19, Rock Rapids, la., 1919 

Publications: Articles for Dutch and American press. 
Merlo, Samuel S. White School of the Bible, 1915. Missionary to Italian, 
Hackensack, 1912-15, Hackensack, N. J., Italian, 1915-17. (Presbytery 
of Wilmerding, Pa., 1^917. 
Merrill, Franklin, b. Chesterfield, N.Y., Mar. 22. 1818; P.S. 43, ord. Presb. 
L.I.. Nov. 8, 49; (Raynor, South Ch., N.Y., 49-53, Stillwater, N.Y., 
1853-8), Saratoga, 1858-61, d. Ap. i. See Manual of 1879. 
Merritt, William B., b. at Kingston, N.Y.. Ap. 4. 1836; R.C. 62, N.B.S. 65, 
1. CI. N.Y.; Flatbush, Ulster Co., N.Y., 65-73, New York City, Union 
Ch. Sixth av., 1873-9, d- Sept. 2. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Memorial Ser. on "Death of J. Judson Buck." — Address 
on "Agriculture." — Disc, at Fun. of "Rev. L. H. Van Doren." 
Mershon. Albert Lincoln, b. Newark, N.J., 1866; C.N.J. 87, P.S. 92; Bound 

Brook, 93-5, Annandale, 95-8; (Presbyt.). See "P.S. Gen. Cat." 
Mershon, Stephen Lyon, b. Kentucky, 1827, C.N.J. 50. P.S. 53. Middle- 
bush, 69-74, d- Ap. 12. See "P.S. Gen. Cat." and Manual of 1879. 
Mertz. John Ernest, b. Feb. 8, 1895, Linfield, Pa. Ursinus Col. 1914. 
N.B.S. 1917. 1. by CI. Newark 1917. Freehold, N. J., 2d, 1917-20, 

Deerpark (Port Jervis), N. Y., 1920 

Merwin, M. T. S.S. Gilboa and Ephratah, 1862. 

Mesick, John F., b. Guilderland, Albany Co., N.Y., June 28, 1813; R.C. 34, 
N.B.S. yj, 1. CI. Green; Rochester, Ulster Co., N.Y., 37-40, (Harris 
burg, Ger. Ref.), 40-55, Raritan, 2d, 1855-82. d. June 30, 1915. D.D. 
by R.C. 1855. LL.D. by F. and M. Col. 191 1. LL.D. by R.C. 1913- 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 191 6, 926. 
Dr. Mesick served a very honorable service in his generation, and out- 
lived all his fellows in the ministry. 

PuBLiCATio.Ns : Many articles for various papers, magazines, etc. 
Messier, Ab., b. at Whitehouse, N.J., Nov. 15, 1800; U.C. 21. N.B.S. 24, 1. 
CI. N.B.; Miss, to Montville, Aug.-Nov. 24, Miss, to Ovid. 24. Ovid, 
25-8. Miss, in North st.. New York City, 28-9, Pompton Plains and 
Montville, 29-32, Raritan, ist, 1832-82. d. June 12. D.D. by R.C. 1848. 
Elected a trustee of R.C. 1S45. President of Gen. Synod, 1S47. 



424 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

He was eminent as a man, a preacher and a pastor. He led 13 young men 
into the ministry and organized seven churches. 

See Manual, 1902. Rev. Dr. John A. Todd's "Memorial Discourse," 
1882, and the local papers of the day, as well as the "Christian Intelligencer," 
June and July, 1882. 

Publications: "Fruits of Early Piety." "American S.S.U." 1838.--- 
"Pastor's Memorial." 1852. — "Eight Memorial Sers. and Hist. Notes of 
Chs. in Somerset Co., N.J." 1873. — "Life and Pub. Services of Ex-Gov. 
Vroom." 1874. — "Centennial Hist, of Somerset Co." 1878. — Ser. at Dedi- 
cation of Ch. Lodi, N.Y.. 1827. ("Mag. R.D.C.," ii. 11, 38.' — Address at 
Laying Corner-stone of Ch. Raritan, 1835. — Ser. at Dedication, 1836. — "St. 
Paul's Gratitude to Onesephorous." 1839. — I'Man Frail and Mortal" : Fun. 
Ser. af J. H. Castner, 1841. — "Domestic Feeling in Our Church." 1845. — 
"Life and Immortality": Fun. Ser. of Mrs. Thompson. 1849. — Ser. at 
Ordination of Rev. J. Gaston. 1852. — Ser. at the Install, of Rev. John 
Steele. 1853. — "The End of the Upright" : Ser. at Fun. of Jas. Campbell. 
1864.- — Ser. on "Death of Pres. Lincoln." 1865. — Thanksgiving Ser. 1868. 
— "The Hollanders in N.J." 1830. — Address at Dr. G. Ludlow's Semi- 
centennial. 1871. — Address at Fun. of Rev. Van Liew. 1869. — In "Som- 
erset Messenger" the following: "Indians on the Raritan"; "Military 
Operations in Somerset Co. in Revolution" ; "Chimney Rock" ; "Washing- 
ton Rock"; "Simcoe's Raid"; "First Things in Old Somerset." — Serials 
in "Christian Intelligencer," as follows : "The Christian Ministry," 52 
arts., 1853; "In Belgium,", 8 arts.; of the "Rhine and Rhineland," 24 arts.; 
of the "Isle of Wight," 12 arts.; "Reforms and Reformers Before the Ref- 
ormation," 33 arts. ; "Science and the Bible," 13 arts. — Editorials in "Ch. 
Int.," 1855-61 ; again, 1870-1. — Arts, in "Sprague's Annals": "On Rev. T. J. 
Frelinghuysen ; "On Rev. J. R. Hardenbergh." — "Reminiscences of Dr. T. 
De Witt" in "De Witt Memorial." 

Messier, Isaac, b. Whitehouse, N.J., Aug. 4, 1867; R.C. 93, N.B.S. 96, 1. 
CI. Raritan; Sharon Centre, 97-1901, Ghent, ist, 1901-1905. Superin- 
tendent of Kentucky Missions 1905-18. Dis. to Pres. Ch South, 1919. 
Meulcndyke, Tosias, b. Rochester, N.Y., Feb. 14, 1849; H.C. 72,, H.S. 76, 
1. CI. Holland; S.S. Otley and Sand Ridge, la., 77-8, Danforth, 111., 
79-82, Holland, Mich., (Ebenezer), 83-4, Fremont, Mich., 85-90, Clas- 
sical Missionary in Mich., 90-2, Waupun, 1892-1902. Palmyra, N.Y., 
1902-12. (Pres. Huron, N. ¥., S.S., 1913-14). Sodus, N. Y., 1914-16, 
Chicago, Summit, 1916-19, Indianapolis, Ind., S.S., 1919-21. 
Publications : Regular contributor to Leader and De Hope. 
Meurv, Edward G. W., (son of John Meurv), b. Brooklvn, N.Y., Nov. 3, 
1874; R.C. 98, N.B.S. 1901, 1. S. CI. Bergen: N.Y.C.'Ass. Middle Col- 
legiate, 1901-03. Assistant Pastor, N.Y.C. Col. Knox Memorial, 

1903 ■ D.D. by H.C. 1916. LL.D. Central Col. 

Publications: Many articles in Int. A Brief History of Knox Mem- 
orial, 1908. 

Aleury, Emil A., (son of John Meury), b. Baltimore, Md., Jan. 4, 1861 ; 
Bloomfield, Academic Dept., 79, Bloomfield, Theolog. Dept., 83, lie. 
Presbyt. Brooklyn, 83; ord. S. CI. Bergen, 83; Hudson City, 2d, 
1883-1911. d. March 13. Also Chaplain of Hudson Co., N.J., Insti- 
tutions of Charities and Corrections, 98-1900; Chaplain 32d Reg. of 
Nat. Guards, N.Y., 87-91. 
He was recognized as the faithful and efficient pastor of a large region 
of the city. 8.C00 persons attended his funeral. Min. Gen. Syn., 1912, 561. 
Meury, John Nicholas, b. at Blanen, Switzerland, March 28, 1827. St. 
Peter's College, Rome, Italy, 1848. Seminary, Rome, Italy, 1851. 
Came to America 1857. 1. Baptist Missionary 1858. (Bapt., Baltimore, 
Md., 1860-67). Melrose, N. Y., 1867-70. (Pres., Hopkins St., Brook- 
lyn, 1870-87. d. May 19). Chaplain 32d Reg. of Nat. G. N. Y. State, 
1884-87. 



THE MINISTRY 425 

Meyer, see Mver. 

Meyer, Andrew John. b. Albany. N.V.. Dec. 16. 1874; R.C. 97, N.B.S. 
IQOO. 1. CI. Albany. Montague. N.J.. 1900-1904. Jersey City, Free, 
Grand, 1904-09. Jersey City, ist (Van Vorst), 1909-14. Brooklyn, 

Sonth Bushwick. 191 4 . B.D. U.T.S. 191 5. 

Pl'bluatioxs : Contributions to the press. 
Meyer, Hcrmanus. b. in Bremen. Germany, about 1720; matricr.lated at 
Groningen University, Hoi., Sept. 6, 1747, for the study of Theology; 
residence, Bremen; one of the same name and place, (probably the 
same one), matriculated at Groningen University, Sept. 6, 1757. for 
the study of Theolog; (another of same name, matriculated at Gron- 
ingen. Sept. 10. 1718. for study of Theology; residence Oldamptinus ; 
this may have been the father of the American Meyer). Kingston, 
N.Y.. 1763-72, Totowa. Fairfield, and Pompton Plains, 1772-85, To- 
towa and Pompton Plains. 1785-91, d. Oct. 2~. Also Prof, of Hebrew, 
1784-91. and Lector in Theology. 1786-91. D.D. by Q.C. 1789. 
He was as much distinguished for the warmth of his pietv and the ardor 
of his evangelical preaching as for his deep reading and learning. But a 
few months' exercise of his faithful preaching made it manifest that there 
was a wide difference between his sentiments and zeal and those to which 
the people of his first charge had been accustomed. Mancius, his pre- 
decessor, had much learning and ability for discussion, and could triumph- 
antly defend the doctrines ; but, alas ! consciences slumbered. Meyer, on 
the other hand, was very practical and pointed. His preaching excited 
disgust, opposition, and enmity. Such was the disposition in many of the 
early churches toward doctrines which they now love. 

In 1764, he was compelled by the civil authorities to take the oath of 
allegiance to Great Britain, renouncing, as the oath required, all allegiance, 
civil or ecclesiastical, to any other power. This made him feel that he had 
abjured the authority of the Classis of Amsterdam, though he desired to 
keep up brotherly correspondence. The matter was so important that it 
liecame the subject of official correspondence by the civil power, as it was 
feared that independent charters of non-conforming churches might become 
detrimental to the Fstablished Church of England. Yet the terms of sur- 
render in 1664 expressly guaranteed to the Dutch freedom in all religious 
matters. But the Ccetus party now took advantage of this matter of the 
oath to help their cause. Dr. Meyer at first indeed refused to take it, and 
onh' on the advice of Hon. Wm. Livingston, an eminent jurist of New 
Jersey, did he finally consent. This gave great offense to his Consistory, 
who were of the Conferentie party. 

At length his marriage with one of the families of the Coetus party (a 
sister of Dr. Hardenbereh) formed division lines. The flames of discord 
began to spread. The Church was convulsed. Certain Conferentie minis- 
ters (Rysdyck, Fryenmoet, and Cock) were invited by his enemies to come 
and judge their affairs, and. though themselves fighting against independent 
judicatories in America, audaciously took it upon themselves to hear charges 
and to suspend Mr. Meyer from the ministry, discharging his congregation 
from their obligations to him. (1766). Party lines were formed, approv- 
ing or condemning this strange procedure. Thus this excellent and exceed- 
ingly useful man by a faction was shut out of his church. But he continued 
to preach for seven years in private houses to such as loved the gospel. The 
Classis of Amsterdam never lost confidence in his integrity, and at the 
convention to effect a union of the parties, in 1711. he was admitted to an 
equal seat and voice without hesitation. But about this time he received 
a call from New Jersey, wh'ch he accepted, and his ministerial success 
there was signally great. His trials and afflictions all wrought for his 
good. He became more earnest, and practical, and evangelical, than ever. 
He was subsequently honored by being chosen to two professorships by 
the Synod. But his old enemies at Kingston never became reconciled to 



426 THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA 

him. Yet the Consistory there, in 1806, virtually allowing the former 
bad treatment, attempted to call his son-in-law, Rev. Jeremiah Romeyn, 
■though without success. They also hoped in this way to cover their pecun- 
iary obligations to Dr. Meyer, they not having paid his salary to him 
for several years before he removed away. Mr. Romeyn, however, went 
and preached for them on the angels' song at the birth of Christ. Mr. Meyer 
was the intimate friend of Westerlo, of Albany. The happiness of his 
dying-bed is described in "Mag. R.D.C." ii. 300. He possessed full assur- 
ance. He was a man of great erudition, of a mild and humble temper, 
polite and unaffected in his manners, and eminently pious. His great 
humility prevented him from being as generally useful as he deserved, but 
those who were acquainted with his worth esteemed him as one of the best 
of men. — "Ecc. Rec. N.Y.," many letters. "Doc. Hist.," iii. 599. "Mag. 
R.D.C," ii. 296, 300; iii. 55, 301, 338. "Sprague's Annals." "McClintock's 
Cyc." He left a MS. autobiographv. Manual, 1902. See also "Centennial 
of N.B. Sem.," 418. 

Meyer, John H. C.C. 1795, studied theol. under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 
1708; New Paltz and New Hurley, 1799-1803; Schenectady, 1803-6, 
also S. S. Niskayuna, 1805. d. 1806. 
He was an accomplished scholar, speaking with great fluency and ele- 
gance both in Dutch and English. As a preacher, he was gifted and popu- 
lar, and was possessed of a peculiar unction in his delivery. He was a 
son of Hermanns Meyer. — "Stitt's Hist. Ch. New Paltz." 
Meyer, Karl, b. in Hesse»Darmstadt, Germany, Oct. 26, 1824; studied at 
Gymnasium of Werrigorde, Prussia, 32-8; at Royal Paedigogium. II- 
feld, Hanover. 38-43. University of Giessen, 43-6, University of Halle, 
46-7 ; Theolog. Sem. at Friedberg, 47-8, ordained. Assistant pastor, 
Homberg, 48-54, also inspector of schools, 48-60; sole pastor, Hom- 
berg, 54-60; Prof, of Ecc. and Universal Hist, in a Bavarian institu- 
tion for training missionaries, 60-2; came to America. — New Bruns- 
wick, 3d, 62-4; Miss, in Jersey City, 64-9, New Brunswick, 69-1901. 
d. Dec. 4. Prof, of Modern Langs, in R.C. 69-1901. D.D. by N.Y.U. 
1869. 
He was a profound scholar but so quiet a man that he w^as largely unap- 
preciated. 

See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : "Recollections of Rev. Dr. Wm. H. Campbell," in "Mem- 
orial. 

Meyers, Ab. H.. b. 1801 ; U.C. 27. N.B.S. 30. 1. CI. N.B.; St. Jobnsville, 
30-1, Beaverdam and Berne, 31-5. Belleville, 35-7, St. Johnsville, 37-44, 
S.S. Berne and Schaghticoke. 44-8, Manheim. 48-52, Glenville, ist, 
52-4, North Esopus, 55-6, Germantown, 56-62. S.S. at Esopus, 62-5, 
Saddle River, 66-72. Easton. N.Y., 72-5. Linlithgo (Livingston- Ch.) 
75-8, emeritus. Died 1886, Mar. 9. 
Michael, Daniel. R.C. 1833. N.B.S. 36. 1. CI. Montgomery; Domestic Miss. 

at Redford. Mich.. 1836-47, d. 1865. 
Michaelius, Jonas, b. 1584, educated at University of Leyden, lie. 16-..; 
(Niewboksw^onde, 1612-14. Hem, 1614-1624; St. Salvador, 1624-5, 
Guinea. 1626-7), New Amsterdam, 1628-1632. 
In 1637 the Classis of Amsterdam wished to send him back to America 
but the West India Company refused. In 1641 he supplied the Dutch Church 
of Yarmouth. England. He subsequently settled in Zeeland. 

Jonas Michaelius was the first minister of the Reformed Church in Amer- 
ica. He has taken this honor from Rev. E. Bogardus. to whom it was long 
conceded. Through the researches of J. J. Bodel Nijenhuis. a letter was 
discovered in the archives of The Hague, which brought these facts to light. 
This letter was transmitted in 1858 by Hon. Henry C. Murphy, the American 
minister stationed at The Hague. ' The letter is dated New Amsterdam, 
August nth, 1628 and is directed to Rev. Adrian Smoutius. Amsterdam. 



THE MINISTRY 4^7 

Another letter of Michaelius written three days earlier, August 8th 1628, 
was addressed to Johannes Foreest of Hoorn, a man of patrician birth who 
was a member of the West India Company. This letter was preserved by 
Foreest's descendants but forgotten until their papers were sold m 1902, 
when it was bought bv an American collector and pul)lished in 1904- inter- 
est stimulated by these two letters of Michaelius has led to further inves- 
tigations and discoveries. r c ,. a ,Ar>r. 
In the Catalogue of Levden University under date of Sept. 6. 1600. 
the name of Joannes Michaeli appears as having matriculated for the study 
of Theologv. aged twentv-three years. This person was long supposed to 
be the subject of our sketch. But Dr. A. Eekhof, Professor of Church 
Historv in the Levden University, claims to have proved that the Michaelius, 
who was the f^rst Dutch pastor in America, matriculated on November 
1 7th IS98 He has also found in the records of the University that Mich- 
aelius was fifteen vears old on Feb. icth. 1599. He was therefore born in 
i=;S4 and not in 1577. as before supposed. , . , . k ki , 
^The Minutes of the Classis of Enkhuysen by which he was probably 
licensed and ordained were destroyed by fire in 1838. His name first ap- 
pears in the Svnod of North Holland in 1621 as a delegate from the Classis 
of Enkhuysen" to the meeting of the Synod held that year on August 24 

^Sn ^the*^Minutes of the Svnod of North Holland, held at Edam August 
12, 1625, among the ministerial changes it is recorded that Jonas Michielse, 
has removed from Hem to Brazil, at San Salvador. 

For information in regard to his coming to America and his work there 
we are indebted to his letters. Accompanied by his wife, children and a 
hired bov he sailed from Holland on January 24. 1628. and after an unpleas- 
ant vovage arrived at Manhattan. April 7th. 1628. Seven weeks after his 
arrival" his wife, to whom he had been married in 161 2, died, and his exper- 
iences amid the rude life of the wilderness were difficult. Within a month 
of his arrival he organized the first Reformed Church in America— the Col- 
leo^iate Dutch Church of New York. Michaelius took an interest in the gov- 
ernment of the colonv siding with Director General Minuit in the disputes 
which arose and thus bringing censure, perhaps undeserved, upon himselt 
He returned to Holland late in 1631 or early in 1632, and reported himselt 
to the Consistorv of Amsterdam, March 4. 1632. Michaelius was also 
examined soon after by the West India Company in regard to affairs in 

New Netherland. ,.,-.,■ r .u r-i • 

His subsequent movements are thus traced in the Minutes of the Classis 
of Amsterdam and in the Archives of the Dutch Church of Austin Friars, 
London. 

JoHiis Micluiclitis. 

1637 Sept 7th. Whereas the Messrs. Directors of the West Indni Coiii- 
hattv request a minister for Neiv Netherland: and since Rcz'. Joivis Mich- 
aelius is now present here (in Holland) without a charge; the Brethren 
resolve that the Deputies on Indian Affairs must put forth every endeavor 
to persuade him to the acceptance of this service. Having done this they 
will recommend him most favorably to the Directors, iv. 103; also in 

1617, Oct. 5th. The Brethren, the Deputies on Indian Affairs report, 
that'thcv had recommended and proposed Rei: Jonas Michaelius (Do- 
minum lonam Michaclium) to the Directors; but they had finally given 
as an answer, that when thev had need of him, they would summon him. 
This greatlv displeased the (Classical) Assembly, iv. 107. xxxix. 34. 

1637, Nov. i6th. The case of Re7'. Jonas MichaHus and Peter Jansz 
Lantman shall be brought anew before the Directors by the Deputies, and 
be earnestly recommended, iv. 113. xxix. 37. 



428 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1638, June /th. The Brethren Deputati ad Res Indicas reported that 
they had recommended to the Directors of the West India Company, as 
ministers, Rc7'. Jonas Micliacliiis, Rev. Middlchovius, and Rcz'. Peter Janss. 
Laiitsiiian. Of these three, Peter Jans::, alone is accepted, while they give 
little or no hope to the other two. It was now resolved to ask for a more- 
definite reply concerning the first two. iv. 125. xxxix. 41. 

1638, July 5th. Concerning the Rcz's. Jonas Michaelius and Middcl- 
Iwii-c'iiis, the Deputati ad Res Indicas reported, that they understood from 
the Hon. President of the West India Company that the rejection of those 
two individuals had been announced by his Honor, in the name of the 
Assembly, (the Assembly of the xix, or Governing Board of the West 
India Company.) iv. 129. xxxix. 42. 

This is the last allusion in the "Minutes of the Classis of Amsterdam" 
to Michaelius. From preceding documents it will be seen that his father's 
name was Joannes, and he was thus called, perhaps, sometimes, as is prob- 
ably the case in the "General Catalogue" (Album Studiosorum) of Leyden 
University. He may have had a son Joannes, unless the following docu- 
ment refers to himself. It may possibly suggest Zeeland as a place to seek 
for further light on the subsequent historv of the first minister of New 
York. 

Rei: Joannes Miehielsen. 

On May 10-20, 1641. the Dutch Church of Yarmouth, England, wrote 
to the Dutch Church of London, asking for some pecuniary assistance. 
The}' had temporarily secijred the services of Rev. Joannes Miehielsen, 
through one of their Elders, who had met him in Zeeland. Of this they 
were very glad, as they had long been without a minister, and they were 
hungering for the bread of life. This Miehielsen had been with them 
about ten weeks to their great edification. He was now about to depart, 
and they wished to reward him for his services. 

Archives of the Dutch Church of London, Document 2610. 

On Sept. 4-14, 1641, the Dutch Church at Maidstone, England, wrote 
to the Colloque (Synod) of the Dutch Churches in London, that they were 
about to engage as their minister. Rev. Joannes Mijchijlsen, and hence they 
sent their elder, Danneel Beeckman, to confer with the Colloque on the 
subject. Document 2632. 

On Oct. 2y, (N.S. Nov. 6), 1641, Rev. Joannes Alichielsen wrote to the 
Dutch Church at London. 

He refers to the fact that when traveling some weeks before to Yar- 
mouth, by way of London, he had promised the Elders of the Dutch Church 
of Maidstone that he would come to them, in case he received no sum- 
mons from Holland; but he had received such a summons, and hence he 
could not fulfill the conditional engagement. He was about going to Zee- 
land. Document 2640. 

On Nov. 16-26. 1641. the Dutch Church of Maidstone wrote to the 
Dutch Church of London, asking for information as to what the Colloque 
of Dutch Churches in London had done. Mr. Miehielsen had written them 
that he would come to them in two or three weeks, but two months had 
now passed. Document 2644. 

From the Archives of the Dutch Church of Austin Friars, London. 

In vol. xxxvii. which is an Index to the Extracts about the colonial 
churches in Vol. xxxix. Jonas Michaelius is referred to as "late minister 
of Virginia": meaning, no doubt. New Netherland. 

See Rev. Dr. Daniel Van Pelt's article on Michaelius in "Ch. Int.," Oct. 
13. 1897. 

For the letter first discovered and fuller particulars, see "Col. Hist.. N.Y.," 
vol. ii. 759-770. This letter is also printed in appendix to "Mary Booth's 
Hist. N.Y.C." — For revised translation, and fac-simile of original letter, 
see "Collegiate Ch. Year-Book," 1895, 142, 1896, 292-308. 



THE MINISTRY 429 

For the letter more recently discovered in Manhattan in 1628 as described 
in the recently discovered letter Jonas Michaelius. D. Versteeg, New York, 
1904, also see Van Rensselaer-Bouvier Manuscripts, 50-51. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Middlemas, Jasper. (Presbyterian). Blooming Grove, 1840-43. Curry- 
town and Mapletown, 1844-7. S.S. Salem and Berne, 2d, 1848-54. 
Salem, 1854-5. 
Miedema, William, b. Vriesland, Mich., July 23, 1867; H.C. 93, VV.S. 90, 
1. CI. Holland; ord. by CI. Dakota; Centreville. S.D., 96-7, Bushnell, 
111., 97-1900, Norwood Park, Chicago, 1900-1903, Constantine, Mich., 
1 905 -07. 
Miles, John B., received from the Presbyt. Ch. of Ireland, as a candidate, 

by the Classis of Ulster, 1799-1801, dismissed. 
Milledoler, Philip, b. at Rhinebeck, Sept. 22, 1775; C.C. 1793, studied under 
Gros, lie. and ordained by G.R. Synod, 1794; (N.Y.C., Nassau, St. Ger. 
Ref. 1795-1800, Philadelphia, Pine St., Presbyt. 1800-5. N.Y.C.. Rutgers 
St. Presbyt. 1805-13), New York. 13-25, Prof. Theol. and Pres. 
Rutgers College, at New Brunswick, and Prof. Moral Phil. 25-41, d. 
1852, Sept. 22. S.T.D. by U. Pa. 1805. Pllected a trustee Q.C. 1815; 
again R.C. 1833. 
His parents were Swiss Germans, coming from the Canton of Berne, and 
settling in New York in early life. During the occupation of the city by 
the British, they took up their abode in Rhinebeck. They were members 
of the Nassau Street German Reformed Church, and piously sought to 
bring up their children in the fear of the Lord. They were gladdened 
by the early development of lovely piety in their son Philip. He united 
with the church in very early youth, and at once chose the ministry, and 
was licensed in his nineteenth year. He soon became pastor of the church 
in which he had been reared, preaching both in German and in English. 
Those early labors met with great acceptance, being already characterized 
by the rich spiritual unction which afterward pervaded his prayers and 
discourses, while his development of character and conduct attracted in- 
terest and respect. 

While in New York he was .sought after by the German Reformed 
Cluirch to take charge of their projected Seminary at Frederick, Maryland, 
but, difficulties springing up respecting the introduction of the English 
language. Dr. Milledoler was led to decline. ("Tercent. Monument," 548). 
He succeeded Dr. Livingston, however, as Professor of Theology, and Presi- 
dent of Rutgers College, in New Brunswick. Dr. C. C. Cuyler gave him 
the charge on this occasion. His duties in this double office were dis- 
charged with signal industry and fidelity. He was cordially catholic in his 
spirit, a lover of good men. He took an active part in the organization and 
development of some of the leading benevolent institutions of the day. He 
was especially noted for his peculiar unction in prayer. He seemed to 
carry his hearers, as it were, to tlie very portals of heaven. This gift in 
him was marvelous. 
See Manual, 1902. 
PiBLic.ATioNS : See Manual, 1902. 
Miller, Alfred John, b. Troy. N. Y., July 19, 1896. Teachers' College, 
Albany. Studied theolo.gy privately and at Univ. Chicago. 1. by Wes- 
tern N. Y. Ass. Cong. Chs. (Cong'. Ch., North Colline, 1919-20)' Scho- 
harie, N. Y., 1921 . Americanization Work. Director of Religious 

Education, Erie Co.. N. Y. Rural Survey for Erie Co. Interchurch 
World Movement. 
Publications: Editor of Loose Leaf Note Book on Religious Education. 
Miller, Benj. Cory, b. at New Lima, Ind., 1850; R.C. -jz. N.B.S. 75, lie. CI. 
Newark; Roxbury, 75-81, S.S. Gilboa, 82-5, Fairfield, 85-6, Franklin, 
86-9, Whitehouse. 1890-5. Became Methodist. 
Miller. Charles S.. b. Munden. Germanv. Nov. 2S, 1855. N.B.S. 1896-9. 
Methodist. 



430 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Miller, Edward, b. Germantown, N. Y., Dec. 27, 1829. R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 
60, 1. CI. Hudson ; Berne and Beaverdam, 60-72, N. Blenheim and 
Breakabin, 72-84. d. April 10, 1915. Min. Gen. Syn., 191S, 607. 

Miller, Edward Rothsay, b. Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 29, 1843; C.N.J. 67, 
P.S. 70, post.-grad. course, 71, lie. by Presbyt. N.Y. June 6, 70; ord. by 
Prestj. Jersey City, Ap. 16, "ji; (Presb. Miss, to Japan, 72-4), enters 
R.C.A., 74. Missionary in Japan, 1875-1915. d. Aug. 7. See Min. 
Gen. Syn., 1916, 929. D.D. 
Publications : Trans. Heidelberg Catechism into Japanese. — Sketch of 

North Japan Mission.^ — Sketch of The Church of Christ in Japan. 

Miller, Edward Waite, b. Montgomery, N. Y., Aug. 29, 1865. U.C. 1887, 
Auburn Sem. 1891. Studied at Berlin University 1897. 1. by Prcs. of 
North River, 1892. (Pres. Syracuse, N. Y., 1892-5. Prof. Ch. History 
Auburn Theo. Sem., 1895-1908). Albany, N. Y., 6th, 1908-12. Home 
Sec. Bd. Foreign Missions, R.C. A., 1913-17. Locust Valley, N. Y.^ 

1917-21. (Pres. Gloversville, N. Y., Kingsboro Ave., 1922 ■). 

D.D. by U.C. 1902. 
Publications: Articles in Theological and Historical Magazine. Life 

and Writings of Wessel Gansfort, 1917. 

Miller, George H., b. Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 9, 1864. Bloomfield Sem. 1887. 
(Presbyterian, Brooklyn, 1887-92). N.Y.C., Melrose, 1892-1919. d. 
March 3. Min. Gen. Syn., 1919, 923. 

Miller, Henry, b. Mar. 16, 1832, in Saxony, Germany; Gym. of Franken- 
berg; Univ. of Leipzig, 55; tutoring, 55-60; (Dresden, Ger., 60-79), 

c. to America, 60; CaHcoon, N.Y., 60-88, Albany, 4th, 88-1899, d. June 
27th. Ph.D. Univ. Leipzig. 

Greatly beloved by his people, his churches prospered under him, both 
temporally and spiritually. He was of modest disposition, of great kindli- 
ness of heart, and cordiality of manner. He possessed marked poetical 
talent, and many journals and magazines contain contributions from his 
pen in the German language.- — "Mints. Gen. Svn.," 1900, 564. 
Miller, Henry, b. New Brunswick, N. J., June 'i, 1871. R.C. 1894. N.B.S. 

1897. Teaching. 
Miller, Isaac L. Kip. R.C. 1840, student in N.B.S., d. Jan. 22, 1845. See 

sketch in Rev. Dr. F. M. Kip's "An Old Disciple," pp. 117-235. 
Miller, John Clarence, b. Livingston, N. Y., Aug. 5, 1879. R.C. 1904, 
N.B.S. 1907. 1. by CI. Bergen. Assist. Grove Ch., New Durham, N. J., 
1907-11. In charge of Wood-Cliff Chapel, 1907-11. Woodcliffe-on- 

Hudson, N. J., 1911-21. Mountain Lakes, N. J., 1921 

Miller, John E., b. in Albany, 1792; U.C. 1812, 1. 17; (Miss, in the South 
and West, 17-18, Chester, N.J., 18-23), Tompkinsville, 23-47, d- Also 
Chaplain in Marine Hospital, and at Seaman's Retreat. 
Manual, 1902. 
Miller, M.. Jersey City, ist, Ger.. 1892. 

Miller, Samuel D. Easton, N.Y., 1900-1901. Congregationalist. 
Miller, Wm. A., b. Albany, N. Y., 1824; U.C. 42, N.B.S. 45, 1. CI. Albany; 
Glenham, 46-9, Prof. Langs., Albany Acad., 49-56, Rhinebeck, 56-9; 

d. 1863. D.D. by R.C. 1862. 

In every position which he occupied he discharged his duties with fidelity, 
energy, and success. Gifted with a mind well balanced and thoroughly 
cultivated, he was qualified for widespread usefulness. He was an ac- 
curate, well-read scholar, and fully equal to the standard of modern criti- 
cism. He was a thorough, analytical, and instructive teacher. As a 
preacher, he clearly presented the truth, was logical in his reasonings, prac- 
tical in his expositions, and forcible in his appeals. As a Christian, he was 
meek in spirit, ardent in piety, and earnest in his endeavors to secure the 
salvation of souls. — Sketch in "Ch. Int.," Nov. 19, 1863. 

Publications: "Lessons of the Atlantic Telegraph." 1858. — Hist. For. 
Miss, in "Ch. Int." 



THE MINISTRY 431 

Miller, Wm. H., b. N.Y.C., Oct. i, 1838. N.B.S. 1861, 1. N. CI. L.I. ; Al- 
bany, 3d, 1861-3, Mt. Pleasant, 5Cth St., N.Y.C., 1863-4. 
Miller, Wm. J. H. 1. by CI. N.L.I. Winfield, L. I., 1907-11. Belleville, 
N. J., 1911-14. Fairfield, N. J., 1916-18. North Hackensack, N. J., 
1918-20. Dropped from roll, 1920. 
Millett, Joseph, b. Cornwall, England, Jan. 16, 1849; High School, Hayle, 
Eng. ; Penryn. Wesleyan Thcolog. Inst. 1872; lie. by Wesleyan Meths. 
1865; (in Aleth. Ch. 73-87); Minisink, 87-90, Bloomingdale (Ulster 
Co.), N.Y., 1890-1902. (Presbyterian, 1902-1906). Gardiner, N. Y., 
1906-08, Esopus, N. Y., 1908-14, Rosendale Plains, N. Y., 1914-17, 

Jerusalem and Onesquethaw, N. Y., 1917 

Millett. Samuel. S.S. Franklin Furnace. 1885, Wurtsboro, 85-91. 

:Milliken, Peter Houston, b. Crawford, Orange Co.. Aug. 21, 1851. N.Y., 

R.C. 1876, N.B.S. 79, lie. CI. Orange; Berea, 79-82, Paterson, 2d, 

82-88, Philadelphia, ist, 1888-1909, Ass., Marble Col. Ch., N.Y.C., 

1910-17. Also S.S. Windsor Terrace, Brooklyn, 1909-11. S.S., Mont- 

clair Heights. 1917-18. Ph.D. by N.Y.U. 1889. D.D. by R.C. 1899. 

Publications: Exposition of S.S. Lessons in "Ch. Int.," 1887. — Many 

contributions to "Ch. Int." 

Milliken, Richard Peary, b lie. CI. Orange, 1876; Grahamville, 

76-83. (also S.S. at Claraville, 76-83, and S.S. Unionville, 77-83), 
Dashville Falls, 83-87, Newark, (Trinity Ch.), 87-93, d- Aug. 12. See 
"Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1894, 210. 
Mills, Augustus W. Williamsburgh, 1893-4. 

Mills, B. Fav, (Congregationalist ) ; Union V'illage, N.Y., 1882-3. 
Mills, Geo. 'N.Y.C. (Ger.) 1823-33. 

Alills, Geo. A., b. N.Y.C, Feb.. 1839. R.C. 1863. N.B.S. 66, 1. S.Cl. L.I.; 
Taghkanic. 1866-70, Castelton. 70-82, Northumberland, 82-4. Congrega- 
tionalist. 
Mills, Samuel Wickham, b. in Orange Co.. N.Y., April 5. 1820; R.C. 
38. N.B.S. 42. 1. CI. N.B.; S.S. Bloomingburgh. Oct. 42-3, May; pas- 
tor. 43-58, Deerpark, 58-71. d. Nov. 27, 1902. D.D. by R.C. 1874. 
Dr. Mills was a man of charming personality, courtly bearing, wide cul- 
ture, broad sympathies and Christ-like character. All the years of his min- 
istry were passed within the bounds of the Classis of Orange, and he 
thus became preeminent among his brethren. His historical studies made 
him an authority on local history and his influence was extensive throughout 
the region of Orange County. Min. Gen. Syn., 1903, 522. 

Publications: "Ref. D. Ch. of Walpack" : a Hist. Ser. at Dedication 

of Ch. Bushkill. 1874. Ref. D. Ch. Port Jervis. 1 737-1878; a Hist. Ser. 1878. 

Mill.spaugh. Alex. C, b. in Orange Co., N.Y.. 1810; R.C. 38, N.B.S. 41. I- 

Cl. Orange; Middletown Village, 41-66, Jeru.salem and Onesquethaw, 

66-72, Schoharie Mt. and Central Bridge, 76-78, Union, 78-85, d. 

Dec. 3. 

Milne. Charles, b. 1820, R.C. 1842. N.B.S. 1842-3. Presbvterian. d. 

March 21, 1882. 
Minor, Albert Dod (s. of John Minor), b. Centreville. Mich.. Jan. 12, 
1850; R.C. 76, studied theology privately; lie. CI. Montgomery, Ap. 
79; St. Johnsville. 79-88. Mohawk, 88-91. Fort Herkimer. 88-95. d. 
Aug. 10. 1910. See Min. Gen. Syn., 191 1. 260. 
Minor, lohn. b. Lodi. N.Y.. Nov. 14, 1814; R.C. 42, N.B.S. 45. 1. CI. 
N.B., Miss, to Ridgeway, Mich.. 45-8, to Centreville, 48-50, to Keyport, 
50-1, Leeds, 51-6. Cor. Sec. Bd. of Publication. 57-9. Flatbush. (Ulster 
Co.). 59-64. Glenvillc, ist. 64-73. Port Jack.son. 73-80; S.S. (Tranes- 
ville, 79-80. Manheim. N.Y.. 80-2. Currytown and Mapletown, 82-4, 
Sprakers. 84-5. Miss, at Norwich and Litchfield, Herkimer Co.. N.Y., 
85-7, (S.S. Hillsdale and Maiden. N.Y.. ^:--%. S.S. Herkimer, N.Y.. 
89-90. d. Nov. 20. 
See Manual, 1902. 



43- THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Mitchell, Charles B. Congregationalist. Fairfield, N. J., 1903-05. Congre- 
gational, Fairmont, W. Va. D.D. 

Mitchell, Sam. S.. b. 1839. New York; C.N.J. 1861. P.S. 1864; (Harris- 
burg, Pa., 1864-9. Washington, D.C., N.Y. Ave., 1869-78) ; Brooklyn 
Heights. 1878-80. See "P. Sem. Gen. Cat." 

Miyaka, Aragi, b. Okayama, Japan, Aug. 24, 1865. Studied at Doshisha 
English School. 1884. N.B.S. 1888. Laboring in Japan. 

Moelling, Peter A., Naumberg, 1880-4, New Bremen, 1884-7. 

Moerdyk, James E., b. Drenthe, Mich., May 2, 1870; H.C. 97. N.B.S. 
1900, 1. CI. Wisconsin; Missionary in Arabia, 1900 

Moerdyk, Peter, b. in the Netherlands, 1845; H.C. 66, H.S. 69; lie. CI. 
Holland; Macon and South Macon, 69-71, Assist. Prof. Latin and 
Greek in Hope Coll., 71-3, Grand Rapids, ist, 73-92, Chicago, Trinity 

Ch., 1892-1907, South Bend, Ind., 1908-14. D.D. by . 

Publications: "Hist. Refd. Ch.," Grand Rapids, 1880. — Many contribu- 
tions to the press. 

Moerdyk, Wm., b. Neth., Jan. 27. 1843. H.C. 1866, H.S. 69; lie. CI. Hol- 
land; Drenthe. 69-72, Zeeland, '/2-'/'], Milwaukee, 77-84, Holland, 111., 
84-86, Pella, la., ist, 86-90, Muskegon, Mich., ist. 90-92, Kalamazoo, 
Mich., 3d. 92-4, Milwaukee. Wis., ist, 94-1900. Roseland. ist. 1900-05, 
Zeeland, 2d, 1905-11, Grandville, 1911-13. d. Sept. 17, 1914. Editorial 
Staff De Hope, Leader, Heiderswereld. Member Council H.C. Member 
Bd. F.M. D.D. by R.C. 1882. Min. Gen. Syn., 1915, 594. 

Moffett, Edwin Oscar, b. Westfiel'd, N.J.. Sept. 29. 1857; R.C. 82. N.B.S. 
85, 1. CI. N.B. New Prospect, N.Y.. 1885-1905, Central Bridge and 

Howe's Cave, 2d. 1906-12, Guilderland Centre, Helderberg. 1912 

Publications : Hist, of New Prospect Ch.. 75th anniversary. Hist, of 

Helderberg Ch.. 150th anniversary. Poems, etc. 

Mohn, Leopold, b. Germany. Feb. 13, 1833; from Evan. Miss. Assoc, Ber- 
lin, 1854; North Bergen, 54-7, Hoboken. (Ger.). 57-85, d. IVIar. 8. D.D. 
R.C. 1882. 
Publications: "Offenbarung und Wissenschaft." 1880. 

Mohn. Otto Leopold Frederick (son of Leopold Mohn), b. Hobokcn, N.J., 

Feb. I, 1874; R.C. 94, N.B.S. 97, 1. CI. Bergen: Fairfield, 97-1902, 

. Greenville, Jersey City, 1902-1903. Assistant, Marble Col. Ch.. N.Y.C., 

1904-06. (Pres. Warsaw, N. Y., 1906-11). Port Richmond, S. L, 

1911 

Mollema, Bernard, b in Netherlands, Oct. 3, 1843. Came to America, 1865. 
(Christian Reformed Church, 1873-93). Charles Mix, Platte, S.D., 
1893-1901 ; Ringle, Forrestville, Wis., 1906-12. d. Sept. 10, 1919. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1920, 274. 

Mollema, Henry (son of Bernard Mollema), b. Wellisburg, la., Jan. 15, 
1878, H.C. 1907. W.T.S. 1910. 1. by CI. Holland. Muscatine, la., 1910- 
12; Vriesland, Mich.. 1912-17; Spring Lake, Mich.. 1917 — — 

Mollenbeck, Bernhard, b. Oct. 16. 1841. at Wesel. Germany; Roman Cath. 
■Monastery; fled from it. 64; studied in Holland and at Dubuque Presb. 
Sem. 70; (Fremont, Neb.. Alto; Fon du Lac; Holland; Salem, Mo.; 
Cong, or Presbyt. chs., 70-87; Doesburg. Netherlands, 87-89) ; Lennox, 
1st, S.D., 89-92, Chapin, la.. 92-1900. d. Ap. 27. 
Destined for the Roman priesthood, he forsook the Monastery to which 

he was sent, and found refuge in Holland, studying at Kampen under Dr. 

A. Kuyper. He did excellent service in several churches in America, and 

truly spent himself for Christ and His Church. See "Mints. Gen. Svnod." 

1900, 898. 

Moment, John J., b. Orono, Ontario. Feb. i. 1875. P.C. 1896. Hartford 
Sem. 1906. 1. by Pres. of Morris and Orange, 1907. Jersey City, N. J., 
Bergen, Ass., 1908-11. (Presbyterian. High St.. Newark, 1911-1918). 

Crescent Ave.. Plainfield. 1918 

Publications: Faith in Christ, 1915. Various magazine articles. 



THE MTXISTRY 433 

Moncada, Pietro S.. b. Pachini, Italy. Nov. i, 1887. Ragusa College. 1905. 
Bible Teachers' Training Sch., N. Y., 1912. Received from Waldensian 
Ch. of Italy. 1. bv CI. of Poughkeepsie. 1912. Ord. by CI. of Poughkeep- 
sie. 1921. In charge of Italian Work at Beacon and Newburgh, N. \. 
Publications: L' Era Nuova," Divine Service for Church and S.S. 
Montaigne, John. (French Ref.). Fordham. 1696. , 

See "Watson's Huguenots of Westchester Co.. N.\ ., 87, 88. Bolton 3 
Westchester Co.." ii. 33^- "Waldron's Fordham," 87. . .jr- 

Monteith. Walter, b. at Broadalbin. N.Y. 178—; U.C. 181 1. Tutor m U.C. 
181^-15 NBS 1818; Flatlands and Flatbush. 1819-20. (Schenectady 
Presbyt. 1820-.., N.Y.C.. Pearl St., 18-.. -29), d. 1834, May 5- See 
Manual of 1879. xt t j 

Moore, George. Jr. N.B.S. 1917- 1- by CI. Raritan. Irvmgton, N. J., 2d, 

1917-20. (Congregational, 1920 ). ,, ^ x 

Moore, Jas. G. Lafavette. Col. 1842. P.S. 1845; (Beaver Meadow) ; sup- 
plied Minisink. 1848-9; teacher at Blairstown. N.J., , (West 

Farms. N.Y.). d. 1858. 
Moore, Wm. Lewis, b. Mar. 10. 1833. in N.Y.C. ; R.C. 54- PS. 57. he. 
Presb of Nassau. 56; (Wvoming. Pa.. 57-8, S.S. West Milford, 59-60, 
S.S. Sparta. 60-62. S.S. Fort Lee. 70-3, New Providence, N.J., 63-70, 
all Presbvt.). Little Falls. N.J.. 78-81. w. c. , ^, .t t, 

Moore, William Shotwell. b. N.Y.C. July 22. 1813, N.B.S. 39. 1- CI. N.B.; 
Unionville, Jan. 12. 40-50. New Prospect. 50-56. UnionviUe and Green- 
burgh. 56-64. Minisink, 64-69, Gilboa, 69-73, Woodstock, 73-79, w. c. 
Died Sept. 26. 1896. , rr- , j 

He took a great interest in the extension of the Redeerner s Kmgdom and 
was especially devoted to the maintenance of the Gospel in New York City. 
See Manual, 1902. „ „ ^ ^ -kt t> o 

Morehouse, Harrv C, b. Coeymans. N. Y., Feb. 25. 1878. R.C. 1905. N.B.S. 
1908. 1. by CI. Albany 1908. Ghent, N. Y., 2d, 1908-12, Central Bridge 

and Howe''s Cave. N: Y.. 2d. 1912 

Morgan, John Francis, b. Minden, Mich.. May 6. 1856; Taylor University; 
Christian Bib. Inst.. 84; (Brougham. Ont. ; Freehold. N.Y.; Ravenna, 
N.Y. ; Conmant, O.) ; Hamilton Grange, N.Y.C, 1890-2, Park Ch., 

Jersey Citv, 1892-1903. (Pres. Claremont Ch., Jersey City. 1903 ). 

Morgan, Joseph, b. 1674; ordained 1697. in Connecticut. (Bedford and 
East Chester, N.Y., 1699-1704. Greenwich, Ct., 1704-8, Freehold, 
Presbyt. 1708-31), Freehold and Middletown. N.J., 1709-31. (Hopewell 
and Maidenhead, N.J., 1732-7). d- I740- 
His father came to New London about 1647, under the lead of the 
younger John Winthrop. He is said to have been of Welsh origin. Joseph 
was subjected to persecutions in his ministry, on account of the manner of 
his ordination. His use of notes in preaching was much opposed by the 
neighboring ministers, so that he was obliged to desist. In 1708 he re- 
moved to Freehold, to take charge of the Scotch church there. The Dutch 
sought a part of his services, and he was also installed as their pastor, Oct. 
19. 1709. On Sept. 21, 1710, he was received as a member of the Pres- 
bytery of Philadelphia. He learned the Dutch language out of pure zeal 
for the work. He gave the Dutch three-fourths of his services. About 
1721 a revival was enjovcd. The next year he went to Connecticut to seek 
additional ministerial help, but in vain. He was the author of a number of 
printed sermons, on various subjects, and was in correspondence with Cot- 
ton Mather. A Latin letter of Morgan to Mather, dated 1721. is preserved 
at Worcester, Mass. He complains that he had very few books. ^^ He pub- 
lished treatises on "Baptism." on "Deism," on "Original Sin," and on 
"Sin its own Punishment." Also, a "Reply" to an anonymous railer against 
election. He savs, in one of his publications, that as congregations keep 
their ministers free from worldly avocations, by liberal support, does the 
work of Christ flourish. Various charges were at length brought against 



434 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

him, such as "practicing astrology, countenancing promiscuous dancing, 
transgressing in drink." (1728). They were not sustained. In 1736, 
intemperance was proved against him, but in 1738 he was restored. Sub- 
sequently, having heard Whitefield preach, he was so affected thereby that 
he went forth as an evangelist along the sea coast of New Jersey, and died 
in this work. — See "Hall's Hist. Ch. of Trenton," 45-50; "Webster's His- 
tory of the Presbyt. Ch.," 335. "Rev. T. W. Wells' Hist. Disc, at Marl- 
boro," 1877. 

Publications: A Latin letter to Mather, 1721. (The original in An- 
tiquarian See. at Worcester). Published in "Presbyt. Mag.," Nov., 1857. — 
Treatise on "Baptism." — A Treatise on "Original Sin." — A Treatise on 
"Sin, Its Own Punishment." — A Reply to an "Anonymous Railer Against 
Election." 

Morris, Henry, b. near Buskirk's Bridge, Washington. N.Y., Sept. 19, 
1803; Ham. C. 23, N.B.S. and P.S. 24-9, 1. Presbyt. Troy, Feb. 25, 29; 
ord. by same as an evangelist, Feb. 23, 31 ; (Miss, at Wapping, Ct., 
29-32, Granville, N.Y., 32-4, Orwell, Vt., 34-41, supplied Burlington, 
Ct, 41-3), Union Village, 43-8, Easton, N.Y., (S.S.), 50-5, Cudde- 
backville, 55-62, serving in Christian Com. among the soldiers, Nov. 
63-May 64, at Newbern, Roanoke, Is., and Plymouth, N.C. ; supplying 
churches, 64-76, emeritus. Died Oct. 17, 1882. See also "P. Sem. 
Cat." 
Publications : Sermons on Baptism. 1844. 
Morris. Jonathan Ford, b. in Somerville, N.J., 1801 ; N.B.S. 1824; 1. CI. 
N.B. 1824; Miss, successively at Ovid, Fayette, Pultneyville, and Wy- 
nantskill, 1824-5, at Montville, 1825-7. at Amsterdam, (or Albany 
Bush), Glen, Charleston, Ephratah, Stone Arabia, Herkimer, Ford's 
Bush, Asquach, 1827-9, Nassau, 1829-32, w. c. Died July 11, 1886. 
"Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1887, 430. 
Morris, John Neville, b. Jamaica, N.J., 1847. Ord. by Lutheran Ch. 
1874. Lutheran pastorates 1874-1891. Rosendale, 1891-3, Newark, N.J. 
(Trinity), 1893-1907, Piermont, N.Y., 1907-15, d. April 18, 1921. See 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1921, 642. 
Morris, Ralph C, b. Lancaster, O., Sept. 4, 1880. R.C. 1903, N.B.S. 1906, 1. 
by CI. Newark. Jersey City, Greenville, 1908-10, Brooklyn, Edgwood, 
1912-16. 
Morrison, John, b. Fishkill-on-the-Hudson, Dec. 12, 1859; R.C. 82, N.B.S. 

86 1. CI , San Bernardino, Cal Oakland, Cal., Portland, 

Oregon, 92-99, d. July 26. "Biog. Notices Grads. R.C," 1900, 29. 
See account of his father in "Wicke's Hist, of Medicine, in N.J.," 338. 
Morse, A. G. Cato. S.S. 1857-9. 
(Morse, B. Y. Miss, to Rochester and Clove, 1828). 

Morton, Thomas, b. Salem, Mass., June 8, 1851 ; Mad. U. 1879; U.T.S. 
1886-9, N.B.S. 1881-2; ord. by CI. Bergen, Ap. 17, 1888; S.S. Spots- 
wood, N.J., 1 890- 1 ; New Salem, N.Y., 1892-3; Glenville, N.Y., 1893-5. 
Europe, 1895-6. 
Mould, Elmer W. K. (Presbyterian). Little Falls, N.J., ist, 1915-19. 
(Presbyterian). Professor of History and Biblical Literature, Elmira 
College, N.Y., 1919 — — 
Moule, John G. R.C. 1834, P.S. 37; Unionville, 1837-9, Sand Beach, 1839- 
41 (Orwell; Damascus, Pa.; Colchester, N.Y. ; Colicoon, N.Y.). See 
"P. Sem. Gen. Cat." 
Moulinars, Jean Joseph Brumauld, (French Reformed), New York (French 
Ch.), Nov. 12, 1718-26. New Rochelle, 1726-41, died Oct. 
He was a colleague of Mr. Rou, 1718-24. He was distinguished for a 
pacific disposition and unblamable life. But in 1724 his amicable relations 
with Rou came to a sudden end. Rou was inclined to Episcopacy, but 
Moulinars declared that Episcopacy and Romanism were as much alike as 
two fishes. Hence he began to oppose Rou, but the latter was far more 



THE MINISTRY 435 

eloquent, and thereby attaclied the people to him for a while. But a new 
Consistory was elected, who favored Moulinars and was disposed to humble 
Rou. The latter refused to recognize the validity of their election. They 
ejected Rou from his office, but afterward regretted their act. Rou's adher- 
ents entered a complaint to Governer Burnet against these Elders. The 
Governor's Council urged them to be reconciled to each other, and finally 
the Elders offered to submit their differences to the Dutch ministers. But 
Rou, knowing that the French church was not formally organized, and since 
there was no Classis or Synod, he could not be restrained by the Elders, 
brought a bill in chancery before the Governor. Mr. Smith, the Elders' 
counsel, pleaded that the court had no jurisdiction; that the matter was 
purely ecclesiastical ; that according to the Constitution of the Reformed 
Church in France, the Consistory were the only proper judges; and that 
from them an appeal lay to the Colloquy or Classis, then to the Provincial 
Synod, and then to the General Synod. Governor Burnet, however, overruled 
this plea, and the Elders, fearing they might become personally responsible 
for Rou's salary, reinstated him, and then they left the church. For a differ- 
ent account of these difficulties, see Rou. 

See "Doc. Hist." iii. 64, 76, "JJ, 467-g, 1 166, 1169; "Smith's Hist., N.Y.," 
166-7 ; "Collections of the Huguenot Soc," pp. xxxviii.-xliv. 
Mueller. See Miiller. 
Muilenburg, Herbert S., b. Orange City, la. Grinnell Col. 1912, W.T.S. 

1915. 1. by CI. la. Inwood, la., 1916- 

Muilenberg, Tennis William, b. Pella, la., June 15, 1864; H.C. 89, N.B.S. 

92, 1. CI. N.B. Boyden, la., 92-4, Grand Rapids, 7th, 94-8, Grand Haven, 

1898-1908, Grand Rapids, Trinity. 1908-11, Kalamazoo, 2d, 1911-16, 

Missionary in California, 1917-19, South Holland, 111., 1919 . S.C. 

CI. G.R. School Director Grand Rapids. 
PuBLicATioxs : Articles in Leader, De Hope, etc. 
Mulder, James B., b. Zeeland, Mich., Feb. i, 1888. H.C. 1912. N.B.S. 1916, 

1. by CI. N.B. Peekskill, N.Y., 1916-20 , Raritan, 2d, Somerville, 

N.J., Assistant, 1920 

Mulder, John R., b. Nov. 28, 1893, Holland, Mich. H.C. 1917, W.T.S. 1921. 

P.G. Univ. Mich. 1918, 1. by CI. Mich. Prof. Bible and Philosophy 

Central College 1921 

Mulder, Ties, Veendam, Neth.. June 20, 1868. H.C. 1898, N.B.S. 1901. 

Missionary R.C.A. Oklahoma, 1901-07. Missionary, Presbyterian, 

Oklahoma, 1907-09. 
I^Iulford, Henry Du Bois, b. in town of Livingston, Columbia Co., N.Y., 

Sept. 27, 1859; R.C. 81, N.B.S. 85, lie. by CI. of Hudson; Six Mile 

Run, 85-89, Syracuse, ist, 89-97, Prof. Eng. Lang, and Lit. R.C. 1897- 

191 1, Upper Red Hook, N.Y., 1913-18. Greenport, N.Y., S.S., 1919-20. 

D.D. U.C. 1903. Trustee, Elmira C, 1893-5. R.C. 1895-7. 
PuBLicvTiONS : Hist. Disc, at 175th Anniversary, Six-Mile Run, N.J., 
1885; Sermon: "Relation of Dutch Pride to the Dutch Church." 1893; 
Hist. Add. : "The Centennial of Onondaga Co., N.Y.," 1894. — "Recollec- 
tions of Dr. W. H. Campbell," in "Memorial." 55. 
Muller, Cornelius, b. April 6, 1879. Danforth, 111. H.C. 1907. W.T.S. 1910, 

1. by CI. Holland. Bethany, Sully, la., 1910-13, Sayville, N.Y., 1913- 

20, Grand Rapids, Mich., 4th, 1920 

Muller, Erich Theodore, b. Lawrence, Mass., May i, 1895. N.Y. Univ. 

1916, N.B.S. 1919. 1. by S. CI. Bergen 1919. Clove Valley Chapel, 
S.I., 1919-20, Stanton, N. J., 1921 

Muller, Fred., h. June 18. 1869, in Sinsheim, Baden, Germany; Bloomfield 
Acad. Dept. 93, Theolog Dept. 96, I'.G. N.Y. Univ. 1. Presbyt. Newark, 
96; ord. by Presb. of Monmouth, Oct. 14, 96 (Pres. South River, N.J., 

96-9), Albany, 4th, 1899 . Examiner in Heb. since 1910 and Head 

of Ger. Dept. Albany High School since 1908. Editor of Hansfreind. 

Muller, George Christopher, b. July 3, 1859, Sinsheim, Baden, Germany. 



436 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Bloomfield Sem. 1887, 1. by Pres. Brooklyn 1887. (Pres Fainnount, 
O., 87-9, Lawrence, Mass., 1889-1906, Ger. Ref., Philadelphia. 1906- 
07, St. John's Ger. Ref., Philadelphia, 1907-08. Ger. Ref.. Ebenezer, 
N.Y., 1908-10). Jersey City, ist, Ger. Evangelical, 1910-19, Melrose, 
First Evangelical, N.Y.C., 1919. 
Publications: Editor Altin Himbote. Theses. Many pamphlets. 

Muller, John, b. at Kaeslitz, Duchy S. Meiningen, Ger., June 22, 1826; 
R.C. 51. N.B.S. 54. 1. CI. N.Y.; Wolcott, 54-7. Miss, in Philadelphia, 
57-8, Burlington. la., 58-61, Silver Creek, 61-71, Peoria, 71-93, Presi- 
dent, Pleasant Prairie College, (now Academy), 94-7; emeritus, 1898, 
S.S., Peoria, 1901-02. d. Oct. 23, 1910. Min. Gen. Syn., 1911, 260. 
Publications: A volume of 12 sermons. Contributions to German 

Periodicals. 

Muller, Mathew, b. Baden, Germany, May 31, 1865. Bloomfield Sem. 1892. 
Jersey City, ist, 1892-3, Bayonne, 3d, Ger., 93-7. (Pres. Zion Ger., 
N.Y.C., 1897-1903). Jersey City, ist, Ger., 1903-10, d. Feb. 15. Min. 
Gen. Syn., 1910, 829. 

Mulligan, John, b. in Ireland, 1793; Rector of Gr. School at N.B. 28-30; 
teacher in N.Y.C., 29-61, d. ; also Prof Latin and Greek in N.Y. Uni- 
versity, 32-3. 
See Manual, 1902. 
_ Publications : "Exposition of the Grammatical Structure of the Eng- 
lish Language," i2mo, pp. 574. N.Y., 1852. — Reviewed in "Ch. Int.," Ap 
28, 1852. — Abridgenient of the same, 1854. 

Mundhenke, W. R.. b. Freeport. 111.. Oct. 31, 1854. Dubuque C. & S. 1879. 
(Pres. Ger., Wheeling, 111., Rockville, Plattsville, Wis. Prof. Theo. 
Sem., Dubuque). Elim, Kings, 111., 1904-14, d. Sept. 29 
He was a student and an earnest preacher of the Gospel Min. Gen. Syn., 

191 6, 926. 

Munn. Anson F., b. in Stockbridge, Mass., 1828; R.C. 52, N.B.S. 56, 1. 
CI. N.B. ; East New York, 56-68, Coxsackie Landingj 68-77, d. June 
26. See Manual of 1879. 

Munro, John J. Presbyterian. S.S., Bushwick. 1909-10. Presbyterian 1912. 

Murden, Benjamin F., b. N.Y.C., Dec. 16, 1817; R.C. 43; N.B.S. 46, 1. CI. 
N.Y. ; Taghkanic (Copake), 47-50, Union, 50-54, (Presbyt. Mitford, 
57-1861, Plymouth, 61-68. Dearborn and Sheldon. 68-70, Montague, 70- 
81) ; d. 1891, Ap. 14. See "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1891, 22. 

Murdoch, David. Catskill, 1842-51, d. 1861. 

Publications: "The Minister of Christ in His Sphere an Object of 

Holy Admiration" : a Sermon at the Ordination of Rev. David Murdoch, 

Jr., at New Milford, Ct., 1850. 

(See "Union Sem. Gen. Cat." for items concerning David Murdoch, Jr.). 

— "The Dutch Domine of the Catskills, or the Times of the Bloody Brandt," 

1861. 

Murgatroyd, Edwin R., b. N.Y.C., 1855; C.C. N.Y. 79. U.S. 83, lie. CI. N.Y. 
See "U. Sem. Gen. Cat." 

Murphy, Jas.. b. near Rhinebeck, 1788; N.B.S. 1814, 1. CI. N.B. Roches- 
ter, Wawarsing, and Clove. 14-25. Glenville. 2d. 26-34; (also Miss, 
at Rexfordville. 30). St. Johnsville and Alanheim, 34-7, Herkimer and 
German Flats. 37-41, Herkimer and Frankfort, 39-40, Herkimer and 
Mohawk, 40-2, Coeymans, 42, S.S.. New Baltimore, 42-3, Herkimer, 43- 
49, S.S.. Columbia. 50-4. Frankfort. 54-7. d. 1857. 
He enjoyed in a high decree the respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens, 

on account of his learning, his meekness, and his assiduity as a Christian 

teacher. He was fond of study, had a special relish for the classics, and 

some of the natural sciences. He was a preacher of superior abilities, and 

a pastor of approved fidelity. He was strongly urged to accept a call to 

the Ger. Ref. Ch. of Harrisburgh. in 1837. hut declined. 



THE IMIXISTRY 437 

Publications: "Bible and Geology." 1850. — Art. in "Spraguc's An- 
nals" on Rev. Jer. Romeyn. 
Murphy, Harry W., b. Havre de Grace, Md., 1876. Studied privately, 1. 

by Newark Conference M.E. Ch. 1908. (M.E. pastorate 1908-12). 

Collegiate Church. N.Y.C., Sunshine Chapel. 191 2 

Murphy. J. Harvey, b. Paterson. N.J., April 28, 1882. R.C. 1906, N.B.S. 

1909, 1. by CI. Paramus. Philadelphia, ist, 1909-11, Amsterdam. Trin- 
ity, 1911-16, Jersey City Heights (Central Ave.), 1916-21, Hudson, 

N.Y., 1921 

Murray, Chauncy D. Y.C. & Y. Sem., Market Street, N.Y.C., 1861-3. Left 

the ministry for the law. Became a leading political orator. Died 

Tan. 19, 1885. 
Murray, Chester P., b. Pa., 1845. C.N.J. -72, P.S. 75; Lodi, N.Y., 85-6. For 

other details, see "P. Sem. Cat." 
Muste, Abraham J., b. Zeeland. Neth., June 8, 1885, H.C. 1905, N.B.S. 1909, 

1. by CI. G.R. Col. Ch., N.Y.C., Fort Washington, 1909-14, Congrega- 

tionalist, 1914 

Muste, Cornelius B. H.C. 1914, N.B.S. 1917, 1. by CI. N.B. Amsterdam, 

Trinity, 1917-18, Catskill, 1918-21, Jersey City, Bayonne, 5th St., 

1921 

Muyskens, Arie, 1. by CI. la., Sioux Falls, S.D., 1909-11, Presbyterian. 
Muyskens, John. 1. by CI. Ulster, 1912, Port Ewen, N.Y., 1912-15, Pier- 

mont, N.Y., 1915-18. 
Muzelius, Frederick, b. in Germany, 1704; Tappan, 1726-49, d. 1782, Ap. 7. 
He began as a conservative member of the Coetus party, but soon became 
doubtful, if not positively antagonistic to them. He had considerable diffi- 
culty with the church of Tappan. and in 1749 was obliged to desist preach- 
ing. — Ecc. Rec. N.Y., many letters of references. See "Cole's Hist. Ch. of 
Tappan," 1894. 
Myer, see Meyer. 
Myer, Gilbert McP., b. at* Coxsackie, 1815; R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. 

Greene, 1841 ; Cohoes. 1841-6, d. See Manual of 1879. 
Mvers, Abraham H. Cobbleskill, N.Y., 1833. 
Mvers, Alfred Edwards, b. N.Y.C., Dec. 29, 1844; Wms. C. 66; N.B.S. 

66-7, P.S. 68-9. U.T.S. 69-70, lie. S. CI. L.I.; ord. on Oct. 9, 1870; 

Bethany Chapel, Brooklyn, 70-1, in Europe, 71-2, Bronxville, N.Y., 

72-6. Owasco. N.Y., 77-9; (Owasco, Presb., 79-85; Syracuse, N.Y., 

85-93) ; assistant pastor Collegiate Ch., 5th av. and 29th St., 1892-1915, 

d. Sept. 16. 
Dr. Burrell said of him: "A sweeter disposition, a more sensitive consci- 
ence, a more symmetrically furnished mind I have never known. Min. 

Gen. Syn., 1916, 931. 
PiHLicATioNS : "The Sociable, the Entertainment, and the Bazaar": 
Philadelphia, 1882. — "The Best Way of Giving," 1891. — Contributions to the 
Religious Press. 
Mjcrs, Chs. Morris, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., Aug. 9, 1875; N.Y.U. 96, N.B.S. 

99, lie. and ord. by CI. N.Y. ; Missionary at Nagasaki, Jpaan, teaching 

in Steele College, 1899-1904. Presbyterian Missionary, China, 1904 . 

Mission Treasurer for China. 
Myers, Henry Van Schoonhoven, b. N.Y.C., May 2y, 1842; W.C. 65, 

N.B.S. 68, 1. S. CI. L.I.; traveling in Europe, 68-70; assistant to Quack- 

cnbush. Prospect Hill, N.Y.C., May-Oct., 70; ord. by CI. Hudson, Feb. 

14, 71 ; Upper Red Hook. 71-4, South Brooklyn, 74-81, Newburgh, 82- 

91. Union, N.Y.C., 91-4, Church of the Comforter, N.Y.C., 1894-1903, 

American Bible Societv, Shanghai, China, 1903-08. Retired. S.T.D. 

Univ. N.Y. 1887. 
Myles, Wm. Guthrie. Walpack, Upper, Pa., 1896-7, Garfield, N. J., 1897- 

1901, Presbyterian, 1902 

Mytton, L. V.C. Pennsylvania Lane, 111., 1909-11. (Presbyterian, 1911). 



438 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Nance, Thomas A. Received from A.M.E. Ch. S.C. 1903. Bethel, Shiloh, 
Magnolia, S.C, 1904-1911. (Lynchburg). Dismissed to Presbyterian 
Church. 
Nasholds, Wm. Hosea, b. Knox, N.Y., Feb. 22, 1851 ; R.C. 76, N.B.S. 79. 
1. CI. Albany; Ramapo and Ramsays, 79-80, Geneva, 80-2, Farmer, 
N.Y., 82-7, Schodack Landing, 87-91, Bethlehem, N.Y., 1891-1905, Rot- 
terdam, N.Y., 2d, 1906-20. 
Neal, Ava, C.C. 1810, tutor in R.C. 14; N.B.S. 16, 1. CI. N.B.; Pompton 
Plains and Fairfield, 17-22, Pompton Plains, 22-8, suspended in 29, 
restored 33, d. 1839. 
PUBLIC.A.TIONS : "An Abstract of Dr. Livingston's Theology." 2 editions. 
1st, 1831 ; 2d, 1832. 

Neal, Robt. Prattsville, N. Y.. 1895-6. 
Neander, J. Miss, to Jews, 1846-8. 

Neander, John, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., March 19, 1882. R.C. 1911, N.B.S. 
1914, 1. by CI. Albany 1914. Gardiner, N.Y., 1914-18, Hillsborough 

(Millstone). 1918 

Neef, G. L. N.Y.C., Norfolk St. (Ger.), 1875-83, (Lancaster, Pa., G.R.C. 

1883 ). 

Neef, Jacob F., b. Feb. i, 1827, in Germany; Stuttgardt Coll., Germany; c. 

to America, 1853; N.B.S. 1858, lie. CI. N.Y., Plainfield and Warren, 

1858-64, Albany, 4th, 1865-88, Feb. 6. See Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1888, 

680. 

Neerken, Nich. H.C. 1871, H.S. 1874. (Pres. Dwight Mission, Cherokee 

Nation, Ind. Ter.). d. Jan. 3, 1887. 
Nettinga, Siebe C, b. Feb. 7, 1875, Freesland, Neth. H.C. 1900, W.T.S. 
1903, 1. by CI. la. Spring Lake, Mich., 1903-09, Chicago, 111., Engle- 
wood, 1st, 1909-12, Grand Rapids, Mich., 5th, 1912-18, Professor of 

Historical Theology, W.T.S. 1918 . D.D. by H.C. 1919. 

Publications : Articles in De Hope, Leader. Chapters in this work. 
Nevius, Elbert, b. near Six Mile Run, N.J., Sept. 4, 1808; R.C. 30, N.B.S. 
34, 1. by CI. Cayuga; Miss, at Lyons, 1835, Arcadia, 35-36, voyage to 
Java, June-Sept., 36, Batavia, 36-39, Pontianak, 39-44, (voyage to Singa- 
pore, 42), returned to America, 1844; Stuyvesant, 46-86, S.S. at Stuy- 
vesant Falls, 86-89. Died Sept. 29, 1897. 
In early life he moved, with his father, to a farm near Ovid, N.Y. In 
1836 he and his wife went, in company with Revs. Ennis, Doty, Young- 
blood and their wives, and Miss Condit, a sister of Mrs. Nevius, to Bor- 
neo. They had expected to go to China, but the way was closed. Upon 
returning to America in 1844. he spent two years in presenting the work 
of Foreign Missions to the churches. His father and an elder brother 
were men of strong religious character, and he received from them im- 
pressions which influenced his whole life. They abolished the use of in- 
toxicating liquor in harvesting at a time when such conduct was ridiculed 
The difficulties of Foreign Mission work at the time he entered upon it 
were very great. He penetrated regions in Borneo where no white man 
had previously entered. The ill-health of his wife compelled his return 
home ; and here his labors were abundantly blessed. His was one of the 
most Christ-like of lives. His character seemed well-nigh the perfected 
fruit of Christian faith. He was a man of qviick sympathies and strong 
afifections. He was friendly to every one, and every one was a friend to 
him. His mind was a rich storehouse of memorized Scripture, hymns 
and religious poems. Hence he was ever ready with apt quotations. He 
was remarkably gifted in public prayer — reverent, comprehensive, using 
beautiful language, abounding in Biblical expressions, and all uttered in 
childlike faith. The work of missions always had a large place in his 
heart and prayers. He presented the cause every month to his people, and 
was a liberal giver to the cause, as well as to all other good works. See 
"Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1898, 235. — "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1898, 9. 



THE MINISTRY 439 

PuBLicATioxs : Art. in "Sprague's Annals" on Rev. W. J. Pohlman. — 

Sketch of the Classis of Rennselaer. 1876. 

(Nevius, John Livingston, also of Six Mile Run. a Presbyterian missionary 
in China for many years. See his life by the Presbyterian Board). 

New. \Vm. E.. b. Dec. 23, 1830. N.B.S. 1856-7. Never ordained, d. June 
8, 1904. 

Newton. E. H. Easton. N.Y. (S.S.). 1843. Buskirk. N.Y., 1845-8. 

Nicholas, John Frederick, b. Bethlehem. Pa. Muhlenberg Col. Y. Div. 
Sch. Ord. by Congregationalists. (Blue Rapids. Kan., Elizabeth N. J., 
Huntingdon Valley, Pa., Freeland. Pa.). West Hurley and Wood- 
stock, N. Y., 1920 . Moderator Pres. of Lehigh, Pa. D.D. 

PuBLic.xTioNS : Sermons in Brooklvn Eagle. 

Nicholls, Thos., b. at Yonkers, N.Y.. 1838; C.N.J. 56. U.S. 60. A.S. 61; 
(Chester. N.Y.. 63-71), Queens, L.L, 71-5, (New Brunswick, 1875-9). 
See "U. Sem. Gen. Cat." 
PuBLic.vTioxs : "Sermon on Preaching to the Conscience," 1873. 

Nichols, Thomas McB.. b. Chester, N.Y., April 3, 1864. P.U. 1884, U.S. 
1889. 1. by Pres. Hudson. 1888. (Pres. Nyack, N.Y., 1889-93, German- 
town. Pa., 1893-1905, West End Col., N.Y.C., Ass., 1906-1921. Pres- 
byterian. 
PuBLic.'\Tioxs : Preaching 1904. 

Nickerson, Norman Fred., b. Putnam Co., N.Y., Nov. 26, 1836; law, 62-5, 
teacher. 65-73, U.S. 74, (Presbyt. 75-81), Prattsville, 81-5, Glenville, 
85-91, Miss. Centreville City, S.D., 91-6, Miss. Britton, Mich., 1896- 
1900; Presbyt. See "U. Sem. Gen. Cat." 

Nickse, Louis. Jersey City, ist German Evangelical, 1902, North 

Bergen, 1902-05, Brooklyn, Church of Jesus. 1905-C7. Presbyterian. 

Nicolai, Nathaniel, b. Riga. Russia, March 19, 1866, Riga G., 1882. N.B.S. 
1889-90; Canarsie. 1889-90. 

Niehaus. Harm. Heven. b. April 8. 1871, Bunde, East Friesland. Miss. 
Training Sch.. Baah Switzerland, 1896, 1. by S. Dakota CI. Ref. Ch. 
U.S. 1899. Lennox, ist. S.D., 1906-08, Inwood, la., 1913-14, Baker, 

la., 1914-15- 
Publications: Articles for press. 
NiehoflF, John. b. at Logu Ostfriesland, Ger., Tune 6, 1838; Forreston, 

86-8, Pekin, 2d, 111. (Ger.) 88-92. Died Mar. 3, 1892. 
For a number of years he was pastor of the German Reformed Church 
in Pekin. In a city where the social habits, in reference to beer drinking 
and Sabbath observance, were not very strict, Mr. Niehofi' took a firrn stand 
against those customs, which he saw were undermining the foundations of 
morality and religion. His firm stand against these evils brought him 
many trials from his German brethren, but his consistent life and Chris- 
tian spirit made him a power for good in that city, and especially among 
the young. — "Alints. Gen. Syn.," 1892. 656. 
Niemeyer. George, b. Groningen, Netherlands. Alar. 20, 1854; H.C. 79, 

N.B.S. 82, 1. CI. Holland; Detroit, Mich., 82-4, Vriesland, Mich., 84-6, 

Cleveland, O., 86-90, Pond's, N.J., 90-3. Shokan and Shandaken. N.Y., 

93-8, Otley, la., 1899-1901. Classical Alissionary, CI. la., 1901-05. 

Chicago. Northwestern, 1905-08, Summit, 111., 1908-13, Classical Mis- 

sionarv, CI. Cascades, 1913. d. Sept. 4. Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 249. 
Niemeyer, H., George, la., 1894-5. 
Nies, Helenus Elizaus. b. in Groningen, Netherlands, Feb. 24, 1844; H.C. 

72,' H.S. 76. lie. Col. Holland ; Saugatuck, 76-80, Paterson, Union Refd. 

(Hoi.) 1880-191C, Emeritus, 1910 . Also agent of Bd. cf Dom. 

Missions. 1890-1. and for several years after 1893, to meet Holland 

immigrants arriving at Castle Garden. N.Y.C. 
Nies. Maurice G., b. Paterson. N.J., Feb. 10, 1881 (son of Rev. H. E. Nies). 

Central Col. 1909. N.B.S. 191^. 1- by CI. Passaic. Montville, N.J., 

1912-12. Glenville, ist (Schenectady, N.Y.), 1914-18. (Pres., 1918-19). 

Hull, la., 1919-20, Coxsackie, N.Y., ist, 1921 



440 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Nietzer, Charles. German, 4th, N.Y.C.. 1916-18. Presbyterian. 
Niewenhyt. See Van Niewenhuysen. — "Gunn's Livingston," 49, and "Rog- 
ers' Discourse," 63. 
Niles, Edward, b. York, Pa., Sept. 18, 1868; Wnis. C. 91, U.S. 94, 1. CI. 
Kingston; Gardiner, 94-9, Assistant N.Y.C., Middle Collegiate, 98-1901, 
South Bushwick, 1901-1910, Holland, Mich., Hope, 1910-11. (Pres. 

1911 )• 

Noble. Geo. Pleasants, b. N.Y.C., Jan. 4. 1846; W.C. 65, U.S. 68; Brooklyn, 

Mvrtle Av. (S.S.), 68-9. See "U. Sem. Gen. Cat." 
Noble, Harry W., b. Catskill, N.Y., June 25, 1882. R.C. 1906, N.B.S. 1909, 
1. by CI. Greene. High Falls, Clove, N.Y., 1909-13, Rochester, 2d, 

N.Y., 1913-16, Jersey City, LaFayette, 1916 

Noe, D. D. S.S. Columbia and Warren, 1835. 

Norris, James Avery, b. Westfield, N.Y., 1857; R.C. 82, U.S. 85; Hastings- 

on-the-Hudson, 1888-95. See "U. Sem. Gen. Cat." 
Nott, Chas. De Kay. b. Norman Vale, N.Y., Sept. 12, 1833; U.C. 54, U.S. 
56, N.B.S. S9, lie. CI. Albany; Mohawk, 1859-64. Presbyterian, d. 
May 18, 1904. D.D. U.C. 1874. See "U. Sem. Gen. Cat." 
Nott, John, (s. of Rev. J. Eliphalet Nott, formerly President of U.C), b. 
at Albany. 1801 ; U.C. 23, A.S. and P.S.; tutor in U.C. 30, Assist. Prof. 
Rhetoric U.C. 39-54; Rotterdam, 2d, 41-54; also supplying at times 
Princeton, N.Y. ; residing at Goldsborough, in North Carolina, 54-60, 
S.S., Auriesville, 61-78, d. Mav 12, 1878. See Manual of 1879, and 
"P.S. Gen. Cat." 
Noyes, Stephen Dutton, br in Newburyport, Mass., Ap. 14, 1841, Am. C. 
66, studied theology in Baltimore, served in Presby. chs. until 1883. 
Kingston, (Fair st.), 83-94, d. Mar. 14. D.D. from U.C. 1892. 
Dr. Noyes had few equals as a man and a preacher. He was especially 
skilled in clothing profound thoughts in beautiful diction. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Nucella, John Peter, elected by the Classis of Amsterdam, from three 
candidates, to go to Kingston, N.Y., Mar. 15, 1694; ord. by CI. Amster- 
dam, Ap. 13, 1694, c. to America. 1695; Kingston, 1695-1704, also sup- 
plied Albany. 1698-1700. during the interval between Dellius and Ly- 
dius. In 1704, went to London, to take charge of Queen Anne's Dutch 
Chapel there. Died, Jan., 1722. 
His name does not appear in the catalogues of Leyden, Utrecht, or Gron- 
ingen, yet the name Nucella several times appears in those catalogues. 
Isaac Nucella, b. 1666. matriculated at Leyden. Mar. 18, 1693, for the study 
of medicine. His residence was Mulhemis — Montanus. One of the same 
name and residence, matriculated at Utrecht in 1697. There was a Jo- 
hannes Nucella, b. 1709. of Culenburg, who matriculated at Leyden on 
Sept. 22, 1729. for the study of Theology. There was also an Edwardus 
Nucella. of London, b. 1759, who matriculated at Leyden, in 1778, for the 
study of law. Our Kingston Nucella had an English wife, and this, no 
doubt, had something to do with his moving to London ; and the Edward, 
last-meiitioned, was probably a grandson. He was a candidate of a strong 
faction in the Church of New York, in 1698, when that church had so 
much trouble in choosing a pastor. 

He was a candidate for the ministry when the Classis of Amsterdam put 
the call of Kingston in his hands. The Classis said he was well-spoken, 
studious, edifying; "one also who has been tried by us for many years." 
Regret was expressed by the Classis that he was not able to preach in 
the English language. On account of the preceding troubles at Kingston 
the Classis exhorted the church to receive him with all the respect and 
deference due to an ambassador of God. It was through his caution that 
dissensions were prevented at Albany, when Freeman attempted to antici- 
pate Lydius in settling there. (Freeman, Lydius). The Classis subse- 
quently commended him for his prudence in this affair. In 1704 he was 



THE MINISTRY 44^ 

appointed by Queen Anno to take cliarge of the Dutch Chapel Royal of St. 
James, in London. This had been founded by William III, upon his ac- 
cession to the English throne, about 1688, and was continued with a suc- 
cession of Dutch ministers until 1809, when, on account of a fire in the 
Palace, the Dutch service therein was discontinued. 

The original Minutes of this Chapel are still preserved in the Somerset 
House. London, and were examined by E. T. Corwin in 1898. Sec also 
"Burn's History of the Foreign Refugees in England." pages 222-3. London, 
i846._"Ecc. Rec. N.Y.." many letters. "Col. Docs.," N.Y., iv. 582. "Doc. 
Hist.." N.Y., iii. -/■]. The study of the published documents of the Church 
of Austin Friars, London, would probably throw some light on his history. 
Nykerk, G. J., b. in Hellendom, Overisel. Netherlands, Jan. 25, 1819; 
studied theology with Rev. John Van Vleck. 1858; lie. by CI. Holland; 
Overyssel, 58-91; pastor emeritus 91-1899; d. July 11. 

He became an earnest leader among the young during the great spiritual 
awakening in the Netherlands, about 1836-40, under the preaching of Van 
Raalte, Van der Menlen and Bolks. He joined his friends at Overyssel, 
Mich., in 1849, two years after their emigration. He at once engaged in 
active labors in the church, and on the removal of Pastor Bolks, was urged 
to become its pastor. He studied for the work, and was one of the first 
theological graduates of Holland Academy. He was a man full of the 
Spirit, and his ministry was. of course, abundantly blessed with revivals. 
Of a tender and sympathetic nature, he was accessible to all. He was of 
a practical turn of mind, and his preaching brought the truth straight to 
the heart. He was unswerving in his fidelity to the great evangelical truths 
of redemption. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1900, 899. 

Oakes. Chandler A., b. Chester, Pa.. June 10, 1865; Lafayette College, 
1891. U.S.. 1891-3. Licensed by Presbytery of Newcastle, Delaware. 
March i, 1893. (Assistant pastor Brooklyn Tabernacle. 1892-4). Fair 
Street Reformed Church. Kingston. N.Y.. 1894-8. Atty. and Couns. 
at Law Kingston. N.Y.. 1898-1913. Died. Ph.D. by Taylor University, 
Fort Wayne. Ind.. 1893. See "U. Sem. Gen. Cat." 
Oakev, Peter D., b. New Brunswick, June 22, 1816; R.C. 41. N.B.S. 44. 1- 
CI. N.Y., Oyster Bay, 44-7, Brooklyn, Middle, 47-9, (Jamaica, Presbyt., 
50-70). teaching at Neshanic, 70-6, also supplying Three Bridges, 72,-^\ 
(Springfield. L.L, Presbyt, 76-87), w. c. Died Oct. 4, i895- See 
Manual, 1902. 
Publications: Edited an edition of Rev. B. F. Stanton's Sermons, 
1848.— "The War; its Origin. Purposes, and our Duty Respecting It." 
1861.— Thanksgiving Sermon.— "Christian Watchfulness."— 200th Anniver- 
sary of Presbyt. Church. Jamaica. L.I.— Funeral Sermon of "Nathan Shel- 
ton, M.D."— Address before the Queen's Co. School Convention, on 
"Thales, the first Ionic School-teacher."— A New Year's Exhortation. 
1868.— Hist, of Presbvt. Ch. of Jamaica. L.I. 

Oehl, John Jacob, (del, or Ehlig, or Ehle). b. about 1690, studied at Hei- 
delberg, ordained in England, 1722, came to America with a company 
of Germans, 1722, labored among the Germans along the Hudson, 
1722-4; in Schoharie Co. and the Valley of the Mohawk 1724 for many 
years. He also supplied Kinderhook occasionally. 17-20-7. Died 1777. 
He wrote to the Mission Society in England on July 29, 1724. that he 
had been ordained by the Bishop of London in 1722. and had accompanied 
a colony of German.s to New York in the same year ; that he had labored 
at first' along the Hudson (after J. F. Haeger's death), but had subse- 
quently removed to Schoharie. He asked that society to give him the same 
salarv as Haeger had received. They refused to do this, but said that if 
he vvould send them his certificates to corroborate his statements, they 
would make him a present of $ico. He probably did send them or at least 
satisfied them; for the next year he received $100 for past services; and 



442 THE REFORMED CHURCH Ii\ AMERICA 

again on Sept. 30, 1734, he thanks the society for its support. He was 

naturalized in 1732. He also, like Haeger, labored among the Indians. 
See Good's Hist. Rfd. Ch. in U.S. 147-8. 
See a letter of his to Sir Wm. Johnson, 1762, in "Doc. Hist.," iv., 198. 

Oerter, John Henry, b. in Westphalia, Germany ; N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. N.Y., 

1856; Warren, 1856-8, German, 4th, N.Y.C., 1858-1915. Died Jan. 24. 

He was a scholarly man and an able administrator. He served in the 

Bd. of F.M. for 32 years, and his long pastorate of 57 years in New York 

City was probably unique in that city. 

See Min. Gen. Syn.. 1915, 600. D.D., R.C., 1878. 

Publications : Art. on "Socialism," 1878. — Vedder Lectures on "So- 
cialism," 1887. — Bibelcatechimus fiir die Sonntagschule und den Confir- 

manden-unterricht, 1884. 

Offord, Robt. Marshall, (son of Rev. John OfTord), b. Sept. 17, 1846, at 
St. Anstell. Cornwall, Eng. ; studied the Classics and Theology in 
England. Came to America, 1870; lie. and ord. by the Methodist 
Prot. Ch., N.Y. Conf. 76. Entered R.C.A. 78. Lodi, N.J., 78-84, 
again 1901-1904. On editorial staff of "N.Y. Observer," 1879-97. 
LL.D. by Taylor Univ. Ind. 
Publications : "Heart-Song," a volume of Hymns, with preface by Dr. 

T. L. Cuyler. — "Life's Golden Lamp," consisting of the very words of 

Christ, as found in the four Gospels, with a page of comment on each 

passage, by 366 clergymen, of all lands. — "Life of Jerry McAuley ;" sev- 
eral editions. Many articles in the press. 

Ogden, L G. Buskirks, 1876-80. 

Oggel, Engelbert Christian, b. Axel, Netherlands, Sept. 28, 1841 ; R.C. 
63, N.B.S. 66, I CI. Holland; New Holland, 66-9, Editor of "De 
Hope," and Treas. of Hope College, 69-71, pastor elect, Graapschap, 
71-2, Grand Haven, 72-7, (Kankakee, 111., Presbyt. 77-80, Chicago, 
Westminster Presbyt. 80-4, Bethel Union Ch. and Editor of "The 
Friend," at Honolulu, 84-7, Pullman, III, Presbyt. 87-90), St. Thomas, 
W.I., 90-3, (S.S. Pullman, 111., 93-4, traveled in Europe, 94-6, New 
Paltz, N.Y., 1896-1908. Died Nov. 6, 1910. D.D., L.F.C., 1890. 
Dr. Oggel was a man of varied and many gifts, but was chiefly noted 

for his oratorial ability. He was a master of both the Dutch and English 

languages. He was also an earnest Christian walking in the light which 

grew brighter toward the end. Min. Gen. Syn., 1911, 261. 

Oggel, M. Verne, b. Holland, Mich., May 2^, 1889. Univ. Mich., 191 1, 
N.B.S., 1914, S.S. Red Bank, N.J., 1912-14. New Paltz, N.Y., 1914- 
18. Chaplain U.S.A., 1918. Presbyterian. 

Oggel, Pieter J. Grand Haven, 1856-9, Pella, 60-63, Prof, in Hope Col- 
lege, 68-9, d. Dec. 13. 

Oghimi, Moto, (Japanese), H.C. 1879, N.B.S. 82, 1. CI. N.B. ; ord. by CI. 
Albany, 1882. Minister in Japan. — See his expression of grief on the 
death of Rev. Dr. A. T. Stewart, 1878, in "Stewart Memorial." page 41. 

Ogilvie. James Glaen, b. 1794, lie. 1826; Montville, 1826-7, Miss, at Little 
Falls and Fairfield, 1827-9, Fairfield, 1829-32, d. Aug. 5, from injuries 
received by being thrown from his horse. 

Ohori, Ernest Atsushi, b. Tokyo, Japan, Sept. 2, 1880. Wooster Univ. 
1906, N.B.S. 1909, 1. by CI. N.B. 1909. Missionary to the Japanese in 

New York City, 1909 

Publications: Monthlv — The Eastern Light, 1918 

Oi, Mitsuye, (Japanese), b. Oct. 30, 1864. R^C. 1892, N.B.S. 95, 1. CI. N.B. 
Teaching in Japan, 1895-1903, d.-Oct. i. 

Olandt, Claus, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., 1858. C.U. Sec. of International Com. 
Y.M.C.A. 1881. Founder of Sunnyside Ref. Ch., L.I., 1896. 1. by Pres. 
Ozark, 1903. (Bethany Pres. Ch., Joplin, Mo., 1903-1905). Cortland- 
town, Mont Rose, N.Y., 1905-20, Blawenburg, N.J., 1921 

Oldenburgher, Teunis. Charles Mix, S.D., 1914-16. (Nederdeutsch Ger- 
eformeerde Gemeente, Mu.skegon, Mich., 1916 



THE MINISTRY 443 

Olincla, Douw. S.S., Auriesville, 1845-6. 

Oliver, Mattliew Xcwkirk, b. Marbletown, N.Y., Nov. 12, 1834; U.C. S7, 
N.B.S. 71, 1. CI. Kingston; Clover Hill. 71-84, Rosendale, 84-90, 
Tappan, 90-1901, d. Dec. 12, 1904. 
Air. Oliver was a very modest man, but strong in Christian principle. By 

speech and through the press he spoke for Christ and evinced a high order 

of ability and a wide range of study. See Min. Gen., 1905, 282. 

PuBLic.vTioxs : Alany articles in the press especially on the relation of 

Christianit}^ to various scientific theories. 

Olney, Eugene C. Wynantskill, N.Y., 1891-2. 

Oltmans, Albert, b. Zuidbroek, Prov. of Groningen, Netherlands, Nov. 19, 
1854; H.C. 83, N.B.S. 86, lie. and ord. by CI. of Grand River, Aug. 12, 
86; Missionary in South Japan, 1886-1902. Alissionary in North Japan, 
1902-07. Acting Sec. Bd. P.M., Western District, 1907-10. [Missionary 

in Japan, 1910 . Vice Pres. Gen. Syn., 1903, 1908. D.D., H.C, 1902. 

PuBLic.xTioxs : Tokyo Letters in Church Papers. 

Oosterhof, Albert, b. Spring Lake, Mich., Nov. 24, 1866; H.C. 92, W.S. 
95, 1. CI. Holland; Greenleafton, Minn., 95-1901, Danforth, 111., 19C1- 
1904. New Era, Mich., 1904-09. Freemont Centre, Mich., 1909-14. 
Decatur, Mich., 1914-18. DeMotte, Ind.. 1918— . 

Oppie, John, b. at Griggstown, N. J., 1854; R-C 1874. N.B.S. 1878, lie. CI. 
N.B. ; Geneva, 1878-9. Died Feb. 29, 1880. 

Ormiston, Wm., b. in parish of Symington, Lanarkshire, Scotland, Ap. 2t„ 
1821 ; moved to Canada, 1834 ; University of Victoria Coll.. Cobourg, 
Can., 1848; classical tutor in same, 45-7, Prof, of Moral Philosophy 
in same, 47-8; pastor of Newtonville, Can., 49-53, mathematical master 
and lecturer in Nat. Phil, and Chemistry, Normal Schools, Toronto, 
53-7, examiner in Toronto University, 54-7. superintendent of Classical 
grammar schools, in Province of Ontario, 55-63, pastor of Central 
Presbyt. Ch. Hamilton, Can., 57-70 ; Collegiate Ch., 5th av. and 29th 
St., N.Y.C.. 70-88. supplied pulpits in Pasadena, Cal., 88-94. Died 
Mar. 19. 1899. Trustee of R.C. 1876.— D.D. by N.Y.U. 1865.— LL.D. 
by Victoria Coll. 1881. 
He was a vigorous man, rough in body as his native hills. Without aid 

he forced his way upward in his early life. In his prime he ranked as one 

of the strikirg, popular and useful preachers in New York City. Five 

times a week he spoke to crowded assemblies. These labors broke down 

even his stalwart frame and he had a long evening twilight. See Alan- 

ual, 1902. 

See sketch of his life and portrait in "Pulpit Treasury," Sept., 1883. — 

"Year Books of Collegiate Church, N.Y.C." 1899, page 840, and 1901, p. 

319- 

PuBLic.xTioxs : A sermon commemorative of Dr. Thos. De Witt, 1874. 
— "Must I Repent First?" In "Words in Season," 1876. 

Many letters and articles to the newspaper press, especially in 1872. a 
series of letters from the Pacific Coast, in the "S.S. Times." — Another 
series in 1892 in the "Scottish American." — A series of Notes on the S.S. 
Lessons in "S.S. Times." — Edited Commentary on the Acts of the Apostles, 
in "Aleyer's Commentary," 1882. — A number of sermons. — A Commentary 
on the Epistle of James ; in "Homiletical Monthlv." 
Orr, Thos. N., b. at Orrstown, Pa., Aug. 10, 1836; Jefif. Col. 57, AUegh. 

Scm. 63; lie. Presbyt. Carlisle, 62; ord. Presbyt. Allegheny City, 63; 

(Allegheny Central Ch., 63-9) ; Philadelphia, ist, 69-83. (Peoria, 2d, 

83-1894), w. c. 
Osborn,' Alichael, b. Essex Co., N.J., Mar. 21, 1796; P.S. 1822; (Metuchen, 

1822-.. . Newbern. N.C., Club Creek, Va., all Presbyt.); Schraalen- 

burgh, 1838-41, (Brierv, \'a.. 1841-.., Farmville, Va.), d. 1863. See 

"P.S. Gen. Cat." 
Ossewaarde, James, b. Zecland, Mich., July 22, 1869; H.C. 90, P.S. 94, 



444 THE REFORMED CHURCH IM AMERICA 

Studied, 1894, Edinburgh, Scotland; Pella, 2d, la., 95-9, Grand Rapids, 
Bethany Ch.. 1899-1902, Chaplain, U.S. Army, 1902-20, d. Jan. 3. See 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1920, 277. 
Ossewaarde, John. b. Zeeland, Mich., July 12, 1S73; H.C. 97, P.S. 1900, 
lie. CI. Holland; New Era, Mich.. 1900-1904, Grandville, Mich., 1904- 
08, Albany, N.Y., 5th, 1908-11, East Williamson, N.Y., 1911-18, Eben- 

ezer, Leighton, la., 1918 

Ossewaarde, Martin, b. Wissenkerke, Netherlands. Nov. 10. 1865- HC 
1888. N.B.S. 1891, lie. CI. N.B.; Holland Ch.. N.Y.C., 91-93, East Wil- 
liamson, N.Y.. 93-97, Abbe Ch., Clymer. N.Y., 1897-1905, Summit, 111., 
1905-08, Pella, la., 4th, 1908-09, Prairie View, Kan., 1909-12, Sioux 
Centre, la., 1912-16, d. July 8. Min. Gen. Syn., 1917, 250. 
Ostrander, Henry, b. at Plattekill, N.Y., Mar. 11,1781; U.C. 1799, studied 
under Froeligh, 1. CI. Paramus, 1800; Coxsackie, 1801-10, Catskill, (or 
Leeds), 10-12, Catsbaan, 12-62; also pastor at Saugerties village, 39-40, 
and S.S. at Hurley, 11-14, w. c. — Died Nov. 22, 1872. D.D. by R.C., 
1844. 
He greatly admired Dr. Froeligh, his teacher, although he discountenanced 
his secession in 1822. He was a good pastor and agreeable companion, and 
his preaching was full of instruction. His influence in ecclesiastical bodies 
was great, and in controversy, firm though gentle he seldom met his equal. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Arts, in "Sprague's Annals" on Revs. John Schunema, 
Sol. Froeligh, Moses Froeligh, and Jac. Sickles. Fifteen of his sermons 
are published in Gordon's memoir of him, with selections from his auto- 
biography, and extracts from his letters. 

Ostrander, Stephen, b. at Plattekill, Dec. 6. 1769 ; studied under Meyer and 
Livingston, (Meyer's last student), 1. Synod of R.D. Chs. 1792; Miss, 
along the Mohawk, 1792-3, Miss, to western parts of Greene, Ulster, 
and Sullivan Cos. and to Delaware Co., N.Y., 1793, (M.G.S. i. 264). 
Oak Hill and Catskill, 1793-4, Pompton Plains and Parsippany, 1794- 
1809, Schaghticoke and Tyashoke, 1810-21, Argyle, (S.S.) every third 
Sab., 1810-.., Miss, in N.Y.C., Hoboken, Powle's Hook, and Har- 
simus. 22-3. Oak Hill and Durham, 24-31, Blooming Grove, 31-9, emer- 
itus, d. 1845, Nov. 17. 
He was descended from pious parents who consecrated him to the ministry 
from his infancy. He was a man of solid character and good judgment, 
whose activity on the home mission field and in his frontier settlements was 
most beneficial. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Ostrom, Alvin, b. at Rhinebeck, N.Y., Jan. 10, 1831 ; R.C. 55, N.B.S. 58, 1. 

CI Missionary to China 1858-64, Franklin, 66-9, (Presbyt. Tom- 

hannock and Johnsonville. Rens Co., N.Y., 70-71, State Centre, Iowa. 

71-3, Nevada, Iowa, 73-4; supplying chs. in Carpenteria, .San Luis 

Obispo, Oroville, all in California, 75-82; Home Missionary of Cong. 

Home Miss., Soc, in California, 82-86; pastor, Cong. Ch.. Kohala, 

Hawaiian Islands, 86-98. Died Feb. 27). 

In the Sandwich Islands he also labored among the Chinese, Japanese, 

and English-speaking people. He was a very busy man, a warm-hearted, 

enthusiastic, and consecrated Christian. By a kind of spiritual intuition, 

he could readily and rapidly reach the deeper meaning of passages of 

Scripture. See "Biog. Notices of Grads. of R.C," 1898, 21. 

Publications: Translation (in part) of the Gospel of Mark into Amoy 
Colloquial. 

Oswald, Christian, b. Aug. 6, 1868, Brooklvn. N.Y., Bloomfield Sch and 
Sem. 1898. 1. by CI. Maryland Ref. Ch", U.S.. 1899, (Ger. Ref., Zion 
Baltimore, Md., 1899-1901), Emanuel, Brooklyn, 1903-07, Church of 

Jesus, Brooklyn, 1907 

Otte, Johannes Abraham, M.D., b. at Flushing, Netherlands, Aug. 11, 



THE MINISTRY 445 

1861 ; H.C. and Univ. of Mich.. 83, 1. CI. Mich., Aug. 96, Med. Mis- 
sionary to Amoy, China, 1887 , ordained by CI. Mich., Sept., 1896, 

in China, 1896- 1910, d. April 14. 
Dr. Otte engaged .steadily in his work during the years of his services 
"with an enthusiasm which was peculiarly his own. His labors were won- 
derfully blessed. Two hospitals founded by him are his moi.uments. In 
the full tide of a useful life he was stricken with Asiatic plague and in a 
few hours laid low. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1910, 830. 

•Otterson, Jas.. b. in X.Y.C. 1791 ; C.C. 1806, studied with Mason, lie. by 
Assoc. Ref. 21 : (Broadalbin, Assoc. Ref. 21-7), Oyster Bay and North 
Hempstead, 27-34. Freehold. 35-8. Rockaway. 40-5, ( Presbyt. Johns- 
town. N.Y.. 45-... Wilmington. Del., 18.. -63), d. 1867. See Manual 
of 1879. 
■Ottinger, John Clowell. b. Newark, N.J.. Sept. 12. 1887, Bloomficld, 1908, 
Bloomfield Sem.. 191 1. U.S.. 1911-12, 1. by Pres. of Brooklyn. 191 1, 
Hicksville, L.I.. 1912-18. Pottersville, N.J., 1918— 
•Overbagh. Peter A., b. 1779: studied theol. under Livingston, lie. 1803: 
Bethlehem and Coeymans. 1805-6. Woodstock, 1806-9. Woodstock and 
Flatbush. { Ulster ). "1809-17. pfatbush. (Ulster). 17-41. d. 1842. After 
1834, preached also at Plattekill station. See Manual of 1879. 
■Owens, James Henrv. b. Hvde Park, N.Y.. Tan. 6. 1857. R.C. 1878, N.B.S. 

1881, 1 Fairfield, 81-4. Bushnell. 111.. 84-6, (Presbyt.), D.D., 

L.F.C. 1907. 

Paige, Winslow, b. Hartwick. Mass.. 1768; Dartmouth Coll. and Brown 
Univ.; ord. by Congregationalists. 1789; Stephentown, Rens. Co., N.Y., 
1789-92; Schaghticoke and Stillwater, (or Sinthoik). 1793-1807. Flor- 
ida. 1808-14, Florida and Windham. 14-20, Broome, Blenheim, (Break- 
abin), and Windham, 20-30, also Miss, at Beaverdam. 22, Windham and 
Broome, 27-29, Broome, 29-36, Gilboa. 36-1838. d. Mar. 15. 

Palmer. Charles Lott. b. at Poughkeepsie. N.Y.. March 6. 1868; Pelham Int.; 
N.B.S. 1894. 1. CI. Poughkeepsie; Ponds, N.J., 94-7, Ephrata and Stone 
Arabia. N.Y.. 97-9. Shokan and Shandaken. N.Y.. 1899-1902. Kingston. 

Church of the Comforter. 1903-14, Freehold, ist (Marlboro). 1914 

Publications: Manv articles for the press. 

Palmer. Frederic W., 'b. Victor. N.Y., Ham. C. 1881, Aub. Sem. 88. 1. 
Presb. Geneva; Farmer, N.Y., 88-93, (Central Presb. Ch.. Auburn, 
1893-1921. 

Palmer, James, b. Brooke Co., W. Va.. Aug. 11, 1865; Washington and 
Jeffer.son College, 87. U.S., 90, 1. Presbyt. Washington; Manor Chapel 
of South Dutch Ch.. N.Y.C.. 1890-1914. Presbyterian. Ph.D. 

Palmer, Robert \'anderbih. b. May 9, 1861, R.C. 83, N.B.S. 86, 1. CI , 

Griggstovvn, N.J., 86-90, Shawangunk, N.Y., 90-1893. d. March 2. 
He was a young man of marked ability and originality. He was a 

thorough student especially in the Biblical languages. His ministry w-as 

marked by a high idea of duty. But he was cut down in the morning of his 

career. 

See Manual, 1902. 

Palmer, Sylvanus, b. 1770; studied under Bassett, 1. CI. All)any, 1802; em- 
ployed by Northern Miss. Soc. at Union and Chenango. i8;)2-8. Union. 
(Tioga Co.), and Chenango, 1808-18, Middletown and Fonda's Bush, 
1818-20, suspended, 1822, .seceded. (Union. 1822-25. Union and Flats, 
1825-9, declared independent; Tribe's Hill and Mayfield; d. 1846). 

Pannkuk, Henry, b. Parkerburgh, la., July 15, 1887. Univ. Dubuque 1907, 
W..T.S. 1910, 1. by CI. P.P. 1910. Mcservey. la., 1910 

Papa, Joseph M. A., b. Nov. 18, 1890. Ord. by M.E. Ch. 1913. Chicago, 

Kensington Italian Mission, 1917 

PiBLicATioNs : Contributions to Italian Press. 

Park, And. Jackson, b. at Rye Gate, Vt., 1834: N.Y.U. 63, U.S. 66, lie. and 



446 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

ord. 4th Presb. (N.S.), N.Y.C., 66; (Brownsville, Texas, 66-8, in 
Northern Mexico, 68-72; these labors were independent, until Feb. 70, 
when he received help from Am. and For. Ch. Union) ; Jersey City, 
Free Ref. Ch., 72-8, Miss, at in Fulton St., N.Y.C., 78-82, (Weston, 
Ct., 82-88, Huntington, Ct., 88-99, Leonard's Bridge, Ct., 1901 — all Con- 
gregational), d. Dec, 191 7. 

Park, Charles, b. Alleghenv, Pa., Dec. 16, 1862; Ham. C. 85; Allegheny 
T.S. 85-6; U.T.S. 86-8; ord. by Presbyt. Lima, Feb. 4, 90 ; (Presbyt. 
Home Mission Work, 88-90, Astoria, N.Y., 90-8); Hudson, N.Y., 1898- 

1914. Preaching, lecturing and historical work, 1914 . D.D. Ham. 

Col. 1913. 
Publications: Hist. Ser. Presbyt. Ch., Astoria, 1896. — Annual Sermon 

before Y.M.C.A., Hudson, 1899. 

Park, Clearfield, b. Phillipsburg, N.J., Oct. 8, 1856; Laf. Col. ^(i, U.T.S. 
76-8, P.S. 78-9; (ord. by Presb. of West Jersey, Nov. 17, 79; Mill- 
ville, N.J.. 79-94) ; Woodstock, N.Y., 1896-1904. Died Jan. 14. S.S. 
West Hurley, 1901-04, Min. Gen. Syn., 1904, 841. 

Parker, Archibald Frazer, b. N.Y.C. Feb. 18, 1865, N.B.S. 1900, ord. by 
Pres. Jersey City, 1900. (Emmanuel Pres. and Kiiigsland Chapel, 
Rutherford, N.J., 1900-01, Monroe, N.Y., Pres., 1901-06), Ass. West 
End Col. N.Y.C, 1907-08, Anderson Memorial, N.Y.C, 1908-12, 
Wyckoff, N.J., 1912 , Post Graduate, U.S., 1907-08. 

Parker, Chs., b. New Haven, Ct., July 16, 1816; U.S. 48; ord. (Cong.) 
Nov. 5, 48; (S.S. Pleasant Valley, N.Y., 48-9, S.S. Ramapo, N.Y., 
49-50, S.S. N.Y.C. 50-I*, S.S. West Hoboken 51-3), Hoboken 54-7, Ber- 
gen Point 58-60, (S.S. Irving, Kansas 61-5, occasional supply, ditto, 
65-73), Hoboken 74-9. Died May 24, 1888. 
A natural orator with unsurpassed beauty of language. 

Parker, David, from England; Philadelphia, 2d, 1817-20, Rhinebeck Flats 
1820-6, returned to Eng. Died 1828 (?). 

Parry, Joseph, Fort Miller 1833-7, w. c. 1837-60. 

Parsons, Andrew, 1. Presbyterians Richtield Springs, S.S. Columbia 1864, 
Sharon 1882-6, Knox and Berne, 2d, 86-94, w. c. Died at Palo Alto, 
Cal., 1904. Min. Gen. Syn. 1905, 283. 

Pasma, Henry K., H.C 1910, W.T.S. 1913, 1. by CI. Holland, Oostburg, 
Wis., 1913-17, Lynden, Wash., 1917, S.C CI. of Cascades. 

Paton, Thomas, b. in Scotland, 1837; U.S. 1868, 1. CI. N.Y., 1868; died 
Ap. 19, 1869. 

Paulison, Christian Z., b. near Hackensack, 1805; C.N.J. 1822, N.B.S. 1826,. 

1. CI. N.B. 1826; Marbletown, 1826-29, Aquackanonck, 1829-31, seceded, 

(Hackensack and Paterson, 1832, suspended by seceders, Hackensack, 

independent, 1832-40, Glen, 1840-18-.., d. 1851). 

Publications: "Development of Facts Justifying a L^nion with True 

R.D.C" 1831, — An Address to the "Friends of True Godliness yet in 

Connection with True R.D.C." Pp. 61. 1832. 

Pavson, George H., b. New Hartford, N. J., Jan. 5, 1852. Ham. Col. yz, 
U.S. 78, 1. by Pres. Utica, 78. (Pres. Roselyn. 1880-82, Newtown, L.L, 
1882-1890, Rahway, N.J., ist, 1890-94). Paterson, N.J., Broadway, 
1905-07. Prof. Ethics and Evidences of Christianity R.C, 1907-13. 

New Brunswick, N.J., Suydam St., 1913 . Y.M.C.A. Sec, Camp 

Raritan, 1917-18. D.D., Ham. Col., 1902. 
Publications: Presbyterian Worship, History of ist Pres. Ch., Rahway. 

Paxson, Alex. T. N.B.S. 1919, 1. by CI. N.B. 1919. Kerhonksen, N.Y., 

igig 

Pearse, Jacob Lansing, b. in Niskayuna, N.Y., Oct. 5, 1829; U.C 1849, 
P.S. 1856, 1. bv CI. Schenectadv; Hagaman's Mills, N.Y., 1856-60, 
Bethlehem, 2d, (Delmar), N.Y., 1860-98, d. Nov. 8th. S.C. CI. Albany 
1871-1898. 



THE MINISTRY 447 

Admirable man, faitliful pastor and preacher. As he desired, he died in 

the harness. 

See Manual, 1902. 

Pearse, Nicholas, b. in Albany Co., N.Y., 1846; R.C. 70, N.B.S. 7Z, 1- CI. 
Schenectady. New Salem and Clarksville, 7i-7, New Lotts, 1877-190J, 
Gallatin, N.Y., 1903-09, d. May 19. Min. Gen. Syn., 1909, 533. 

Pearse, Richard A., b. Albany Co., N.Y., Jan. 29, 1849. R.C. 1870, N.B.S. 
7i, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1873; Florida, 1873-1919. P.Em. 1919. D.D., 
R.C, 1910. 

Pease, C. B. F. West Troy, North, 1893-9. 

Peck, (or Pick), Diederich Christian A., Canajoharie and Stone Arabia, 
1788-96, Stone Arabia, 1796- 1800, S.S., Schoharie, 1797-8, German Flats 
and Herkimer, 1798-1800, suspended; d. 1802. 
A portly man, an amateur equestrian, and who has left behind him the 

reputation of an unsurpassed orator. Great congregations thronged him 

everywhere. 

Publications: Farewell Sermon, 1796, in German. 

Peck, Thos. Ruggles Gold, b. Whitesboro, N.Y., 1831 ; Y.C. 48, P.S. and 
U.S. 51, 1. Presbyt. N.Y. 1852; traveled in the East, 1852-3, ord. Evang. 
Presbyt. N.Y., 1853; Ass. Ed. "N.Y. Observer," 1853-4, ord. CI. N.Y. 
Ap. 18, 54; Richmond, S.I., 54-60, independent Huguenot Ch., Charles- 
ton, S.C., 59-64, Hastings-upon-Hudson, 65-82. See "U. Sem. Cat." 

Peeke, Alonzo Paige, b. Nov. 22,, 1835, at Rotterdam, N.Y.; R.C. 59, N.B.S. 

62, 1. CI. Schenectady ; Shokan and Shandaken. 62-5, Ovvasco, 65-72, 

Rhinebeck, 72-9, De Kalb, la., 80-1, Centreville, Mich., 81-91, East 

Millstone, 91-1900, d. Aug. 21. 

He was an earnest and devoted man. While in the West he was for a long 

time on the Bds. of the Western Education Institutions. See Alanual, 1902. 
Publications: Semi-Centennial Hist. Address at Centreville, Mich., 

1891. — Hist. Ser. at 40th Anniv. at East Millstone, 1895. 

Peeke, Geo. H., b. Rotterd^im, N.Y., March 18, 1833 (brother of Rev. A. 
P. Peeke), R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 60, 1. CI. Schenectady; Miss, at South 
Bend. Ind., 60-1, Glenville, ist, 61-3, Greenpoint, 63-5, Jersey City, 
1st, 65-70, Davenport, 70-73, Owasco, 73-6. (Cong., Chicago, 76-83, 
Sandusky, 83-90, Cleveland, 1890-94. Pres. 1898— — ). 

Peeke, Harmon Van Slvck, (son of Rev. A. P. Peeke), b. Owasco, N.Y., 
Nov. 6, 1866: H.C. 87, N.B.S. 91-2, Aub. Sem. 93. 1. and ord. CI. Mich.; 
Teacher of English, under Bd. For. Miss. R.C. A., 87-91 ; Missionary 

in Japan 1893 . Instructor in Biblical Subjects, Park Col., Mo., 

1918. Acting Gen. Sec. Christian Literature, Soc. of Japan, 1920. D.D., 
H.C, 1913. 
Publications: Editor Myoyo — Monthly paper for students, 1920. Six 

Thousand Chinese Characters, 191 5. Booklets in Japanese Language Study, 

etc. 

Peffers, Aaron Burr, b. N.Y.C, 1824; U.N.Y. 50. U.S. 53; Schodack, 1869- 
72. See "U.S. Gen. Cat." 

Peiret, Pierre, (French Refd.), b. 1645; came from Foix. Southern 
France; London. 16.. -87, N.Y.C. French Ch.. 1687-1704, d. Nov. i. 
He at once organized his fellow companions into a church called "The 

French Church of New York," or "The Church of the French Refugees 

at New York." The following year a church building was erected in 

Marketheld street, whose site is now covered by the Produce Exchange. 

A gallery was added to the building in 1692, which would scat from 300 to 

400 people. The church was always crowded with refugees. On Sundays 

they came from 20 miles round about — from Long Island, Staten Island, 

New Rochelle. etc. The streets about were filled with wagons as early as 

Saturday evening, in which they passed the night and ale their frugal 

Sunday meals. 
Air. Daille continued to officiate to the former French inhaiiitaiits in the 



448 THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA 

Fort until 1692, when all united in the new French Church. Peiret officiated 
in the church, generally, while Daille itinerated among the scattered French 
settlements. All the French, within the vicinity of many miles, were con- 
sidered as constituting one French Church, and the income was divided 
between the two pastors. The Dutch also left the Fort, for their new 
church in Garden street, in 1693. The French naturally sympathized with 
Leisler, rather than with the Catholic Governors of James II. Yet neither 
Daille nor Peiret were blind to Leisler's faults. They even remonstrated 
with him against his excesses, but he threatened them with imprison- 
ment. Peiret finally turned against him, but Daille stood by him to the 
end, even circulating petitions for his pardon. But this brought Daille 
into difhculties with Governor Slaughter. Peiret became, in 1696, sole 
pastor of the French Ch. in New York. He had been at first supported in 
his opposition to Leisler by prominent Huguenots, as de Lancey, Barberie, 
Boudinot, Le Boyteulx, Mesnard, de Peyster, Minvielle, Bayard, de Forest, 
and others, but the people generally were on the side of Leisler. The 
French also opposed Governor Bellomont ; 1698-1701, and hence he refused 
to naturalize a number of them, and cut ofif £20 from the allowance to the 
French minister. The French Church continued to grow, so that in 1703, 
they secured an act to sell their property, and build elsewhere a larger 
church and also a parsonage. On July 8, 1704, Cornbury laid the corner- 
stone of a new French church, to be called " Lc Temple dii Saint Esprit." 
This was located on the northeast corner of Pine and Nassau streets, and 
continued there until 1831. but Peiret died before it was finished. He 
was buried in Trinity Church-yard. He was a man of great learning, and 
a noble example of the Huguenot pastor. He was deeply interested in 
the material and the religious interests of his persecuted and exiled breth- 
ren. He was firmly attached to the Presbyterian Polity. 

Publications: See "Baird's Huguenots in America," ii., 100, 118, 146. — 
"Acts of Legislature," 1703. — "Murphy's Anthology," 379, 119, 120. — "Doc. 
Hist., N.Y.," ii.. 247, iii., 250, 560, 650, 707, 1167; iv. — "N.Y. Hist. Soc. 
Colls.," 1868, 407. "Collections of the Huguenot Soc," xxi.-xxxv. — "Col. 
Docs., N.Y.," iii., 415, 749. — "Baird's Daille," 95. — "Smith's New York," 44. 
Pelgrim, Jacob Carleton, b. Holland, Mich., June 9, 1883, H.C. 1905, N.B.S. 
1908, 1. by CI. N.B., Jersev Citv, Central Ave., 1909-16, (Frankfort, Kv.), 
D.D. H.C. 1921. 
Peltz, Tohn, N.B.S. 1816-18. 

Peltz, Philip, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Dec. 6. 1823: U.Pa. 45, N.B.S. 48, 1. 

CI. Philadelphia; Coeymans and New Baltimore, 48-51, Coxsackie, 

51-7, Totowa, 1st, S7-60, Cor. Sec. Bd. For. Miss., 60-5. New Paltz, 

65-1881 ; emeritus. Died June 26, 1883. D.D. by U.C. 1866. 

He was one of the most prominent ministers of the Reformed Church. 

As a preacher he was sound and successful and the force of his character 

left its impress on the entire denomination. See Manual, 1902. 

Penning, Garret J., b. Oct. 7, 1880. Orange City. la., H.C. 05. W.T.S. 1908, 

J. by CI. la. Missionary to Arabia 1908. 
Pepper, John P., b. 1809; Fort Plain, 1837-40, Warren, N.Y., 1840-5. w. c. 

Died May 15, 1883. 
Perkens, Frederick, b. Lock Haven, Pa., Sept. 12. 1865, Ham. Col. 1889. 
P.S. 1892, 1. by Pres. of New Brunswick 1892, (Pres. Binghamton, 
N. Y., Broad Ave. 1894-1900), Lodi, N.Y., 1905-09, St. Johnsville. N.Y., 
1909-1917, (Presbyterian, New Berlin. 1917-20. S.S. Binghamton, N.Y., 
Broad Ave. 1920. 
Perlee, Clarence M., b. Jersey City, Oct. 30. 1856; R.C. 1880, N.B.S. 83, 1. 
CI. N.Y. ; Clarksville and Onesquethaw, 84-7, S.S., Central Bridge, 87, 
Boonton. 88-91, Leeds, 91-9, St. Thomas, W.I.. 1902-1911, d. July 16, 
1915. See Min. Gen. Svn., 1916, 927. 
Perry, William D., b. Perryville, Md.. Nov. i, 1846; Am.C. 70, U.T.S. 70-2. 
73-4; ord. N. CI. L.I., Jan. 25, 1875; Good-will Miss.. 3d av. and S2d 



THE MINISTRY 449 

St., N.Y.C., 74; St. Johns, Laurel Hill, and ist Cli., L.I. City, 74-5, 
Prin. Academy, Hudson, N.Y., 75-82, Greenport, (Columbia Co.), 
N.Y., 82-6, Brooklyn, North, 86-90, City Missionary, 91-3, Bushwick, 
94-5, S.S., Bedford (Brooklyn), 95-6, S.S., Belmont, 97-8; 1902, Episco- 
palian. Dead. 
Pershing. Orlando Boyd, b. Asland, O., May 19, 1871 ; U.C. 1897, Aub. 
Sem. 1900. lie. by Cayuga Prcsb. Ap. 11, 1899; (Presbyt., Cato, N.Y., 
19CO-01), West Troy, 1901-1903. Presbyterian. 
Peters, Joseph D., (brother of Madison C. Peters), West Farms, 1896-7, 

Canajoharie, 1897-1910, Hoboken, First, 1910 

Peters. Madison C, b. Lehigh Co., Pa., 1859, Franklin and Marshall Col. 

Heidelberg Theo. Sem., Tiffin, O. Bloomingdale, N.Y.C., 1890-1900. 

Became Baptist. (Bapt., Brooklyn, Summer Ave., 1900-05, Baltimore, 

Epiphany, 1905-06, Independent, d. 1919. 

Publication's: Many books on popular subjects. 

Peterson. Carl S. T., b. Copenhagen, Denmark, Oct. 16, 1859. N.B.S. 1890- 

92. Methodist Episcopal. 
Petrie, Jeremiah, b. Herkimer, N.Y., 1825 ; U.C. 46, Aub. Sern. 49, 1, 
Presbyt. Geneva; Herkimer and Ilion, 1864-8. For other settlements, 
see "Aub. Sem. Gen. Cat." 
Pettengill. S.S., Amsterdam (Port Jackson), 1870-72. 

Pettcrsson, Henrv Martin, b. Amsterdam, Neth., Sept. 23, 1876. Missionary 
Col. 1905. W.T.S. 1912. 1. by CI. Holland. Wichert (Koster), 111., 
1912-14, Indianapolis, Ind., 1914-16, Corsica, S.D., 1916-20, North Mar- 
ion, N.D., 1920-21, Bethany, Sully, la., 1921 

Pevton, J. B. Free Will Baptist. Timmonsville and Magnolia, S.C., 1904. 
Pfanstiehl, Alb. A. H.C.; H.S. 1877. Raritan, III, 79-83, (Troy, Mo., 

1883 . Chicago. 111. S.S., Raritan, 2d (Somerville), 1909-13. 

Studying, lecturing, etc., in Europe, 1913-16. S.S., Bayonne ist, 1916-17. 

Presbyterian. Reformed, Elmendorf Ch., N.Y.C., 1921 

PfeifFer, H. N. Congregational, Brooklyn, South Bushwick, 1910-13. Con- 
gregational 191 5. 
Pfister, J. P. w. c. 1854-6, Ellenville, 2d, 1856-62. 

Phelps, Philip, b. at Albany, N.Y., July 12, 1826, U.C. 44, N.B.S. 49, 1. CI. 
Albany; Greenburgh and Hastings-on-the-Hudson, 50-51, Hastings- 
on-the-Hudson, 51-9, Prin. of Holland Academy, 59-66, President of 
Hope College. 66-78, Blenheim and Breakabeen, N.Y., 78-95, died Sept. 
4, 1896. D.D. by U.N.Y., 1864. LL.D. by H.C., 1894. Pres. of Gen. 
Synod, 1864. 
He spent two years in teaching before entering the Theological Seminary. 
For a time while at Holland, he served as missionary pastor to the Eng- 
lish-speaking people. He was a true leader, of strong intellect and faith, 
fertile in resources, clear and forcible as a speaker and writer, an accom- 
plished scholar and a sound theologian, with a genial personality that won 
and held many friends. The Classis of Holland has put on record its tes- 
timony of acknowledgment and appreciation of important services ren- 
dered by him, and of wise and valuable counsels and guidance; of his great 
service to our Western institutions, and personal qualities of high Christian 
principle, honor, wisdom, and forbearance, inspiring confidence, affection 
and esteem. The Classes of Grand River and Iowa bear like testimony, 
appreciating his consecrated, godly life, his services as a faithful preacher 
of the Gospel, as the founder and able administrator of Hope College, and a 
worthy professor therein. His connection with Hope College demands more 
than a passing notice. With honors gained at Academy and College, he came 
to its Presidency, a marked man. 

It seemed a forlorn hope to plant an English academy in the heart of a 
foreign colony, lacking the very rudiments of Americanization. One after 
another, men had been driven from the field by overwork, worry and sick- 
ness. From promise of a brilliant career in the East, he was called to 



450 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN -\MERICA 

take up this work. Conditions were chaotic, and his decision to meet them 
heroic. Serviceable buildings arose, sufficient for the time, and the in- 
stitution slowly but surely crept into a more commanding position. After 
a season he was left entirely alone for two years, supporting an almost crush- 
ing burden. He taught the various classes, organized and supplied the first 
American Church in the town, sent the first class from the West to the 
New Brunswick Theological Seminary, laid the foundation of a publica- 
tion department for the institution by securing a printing establishment 
and issuing copies of "The Searcher," developed the interest of the Wes- 
tern churches in the great work of foreign missions, and attended to the 
necessary correspondence with the State for obtaining the special act for 
the incorporation of Reformed Dutch Churchs in Michigan. This ac- 
complished, the way was open for steady growth. Under his fostering care 
the institutions passed beyond the tentative period, and became important 
factors in the problem of Western Church extension. After twelve years 
of struggle and weariness, only a beginning had been made, but that be- 
ginning was well made. There were no regular professors, and but little 
endowment and apparatus, but much faith, hope, and indomitable courage. 

In 1863 General Synod had officially assumed charge of the work, and 
in 1866 the first Commencement occurred. A Theological Department 
was established, Dr. Phelps serving as one of the Lectors for several years ; 
and in 1869 the pioneer class went forth of young men of the West trained 
for the ministry. Under incessant entreaty, the teaching force had been 
increased, and the endowment largely augmented. But sometimes burdens 
come which crush the strongest. In 1877 came the greatest crisis in the 
history of Hope College. Heroic measures, so-called, were adopted. The 
Theological Department was swept away, but to be restored again at a 
subsequent time. Men severed their connection with the Institution, and 
among them its first President. The College knew him no more until years 
later, at her quarter centennial celebration, he was present, to be thrilled 
with the love and devotion of the students. He had been called an idealist, 
but was proven a prophet, well attested by the institution as it exists to- 
day. It may be added that clearness and accuracy were marked charac- 
teristics of the man. 

One of the graduates of the College has well written : "There are three 
great moulding factors at Hope College, which can be distinctly traced to 
the first President: — A religious life as the basis of an intellectual life; a 
high sense of personal honor, and the Gospel ministry as the highest 
vocation for service. If the successful founding of an institution con- 
sists in the laying of foundation principles, rather than the securing of large 
endowments and the erecting of huge buildings of stone and mortar, we 
know of no institution whose foundations have been so grandly and deeply 
laid, as the one over which Dr. Phelps had the privilege of presiding as its 
first President." See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : Editorials, etc., for "Youths' Temperance Enterprise." 
1844-6. — Many Contributions to the Church Papers relating to the West- 
ern Educational Institutions, etc. Field Catalogues and Endowment Cir- 
culars of Hope College. — Charges at Installations of Pastors. — Commence- 
ment Odes. — Inaug. Address as Pres. Hope Coll. 1866. — Baccalaureate 
Sermons at Hope Coll. 1866-78. — Editor of "The Searcher," 1863. — Dor- 
dracene Ref. Ch. in America. 1867. — A Complete Review of the Finances 
of Hope Coll. 1879. — A Series of Articles on "Scripture Inerrancy," 
in the "Ch. Int." 1893. — A Vol. on "Scripture Chronology, Weights, Meas- 
ures, etc." (In preparation at the time of his death). 
Phelps, Philip T. (s. of P. Phelps), b. Holland, Mich.. Nov. 26, 1862, 
H.C. 1882, Tutoring H.C. 2 years; N.B.S. 89, 1. CI. Schoharie; Sharon, 
N. Y., 89-95; Ghent, ist, 95-1900; Gansevoort, 1902-08; Buskirk, S.S. 
1908-10; Clarksville, S.S. 1913-14, and other supplying, S.S. Cohoes, 
N.Y., 1921 , Pres. P.S.A. 1896. 



THE MINISTRY 451 

Phillips, Wm. W., U.C. 1813, N.B.S. 17, 1. CI. N.B. ; (N.Y.C., Pearl St., 

afterward Fifth Ave., and Eleventh St.. 1817-65. d.). 
Phraner, William Henrv. b. Jamaica. L.I., March 26, 1841 ; N.Y.U. 60, 
K.B.S. 63, I. N. CI. L.I.; Cold Spring. 63-6. East Millstone, 66-1870, 
Schenectady. 2d, 70-5. w. c. ; supplying Sea Side Chapel, Long Branch, 
N.J., 81-3; Irving Park, 111, 83-8; w. c. Died March 12, 1912. Min. 
Gen Syn., 1912, 563. 
Publications : Article on Rutgers College, in "Manual R.C.A." 1869. — 
"Expenses and Income of Gen. Svnod." 1857-68.— A Sermon on the 
"Golden Rule." 1885. 
Pick, see Peck. 

Pierce, Xehemiah Pruden, b. Entield. Ct, 1817; A.C. 42, U.S. 45; (Whip- 
pany. N.J., 1846-51) ; Brooklyn, N.Y., 51-75, w. c. D.D. by R.C. 1871. 
Died Ap. 30, 1880. 
PuBLiCMioxs : "Mental Freedom. Our Nation's Glory." 1853. 
Pietenpol. Henry J., b. Gibbsville. Wis.. Dec. 24. 1859; H.C. 90. W.S. 
93. 1. CI. Holland ; Holland, Mich. ; Ebenezer Ch. 93-5, Leota, Minn., 
Bethel Ch. 1895-1902, Pella. la.. 3d. 1902-08. Alto, Wis., 1908-16, Chi- 
cago, West Side. 1916-20, Otlev. la.. 1920 Member Bd. Supt. 

W.T.S.. S.C. CI. la.. Pella. Wis.. Chicago. 
Publications : Articles in De Hope. 
Pieters. Albertus, (son of Roeloff Pieters), b. Alto, Wis., Feb. 5, 1869; 

H.C. 87, W.S. 91, 1. CI. Holland; Missionary in Japan, 1891 , 

Vice-Pres. Gen. Syn. 191 1 and 1920. 
Publications : Mission Problems in Japan, 1912. 
Pieters, Roelof, b. Havelle, Prov. of Drenthe, Netherlands, Mar. 2, 1825; 
Holland Academy, 55-8, N.B.S. 61, 1. CI. Holland, 61 ; ord. by same, 
Sept. 4. 61 ; Graafschap and Drenthe, 61-5, Alto, Wis., 65-9, Holland, 
1st, Mich., 69-1880. died Feb. 
He received the usual common school education in the Netherlands, and 
learned the carpenter's trade. In 1849 he emigrated to America, and soon 
became distinguished among the Hollanders here for his piety and knowl- 
edge of the Scriptures, so that he became a leader at their gatherings. A 
year or two later, when he removed to Chicago, the same thing was true 
to such an extent as to attract the attention of Dr. Van Raalte, who per- 
suaded him to study for the ministry. Before he had finished his theo- 
logical course, (i860), he was urged to settle, because of the great need 
of ministers. Both the Classis and the Synod endorsed the request, and 
he was already 35 years old; but he considered the opportunities for a 
thorough theological education too precious to be thus shortened. 

Besides his earlier charges, he succeeded to Dr. Van Raalte in the first 
church of Holland. Mich. In this important strategic centre of the West- 
ern development of the Reformed Church, he rendered his most valuable 
services, not only to the local interests, but as President of the Council of 
Hope College, and as one of the Editors of "De Hope," to the entire 
Western Branch of the Church. 

Publications: Editorials in "De Hope." — A volume of Sermons, in 
Dutch, much used in vacant churches. 

Pitcher, Charles Wad.sworth, b. Boght, N.Y., Mar. 2, 1849; R.C. 73, 
N.B.S. 75, lie. bv Cong. Assoc. 75 ; ord. bv Newark Cong. Council at 
Randolph, N.Y.. Jan. 26, 76; (Cong. Ch.. Randolph, N.Y.. 76-82), Stan- 
ton. N.J., 82-7, (Pre.sbyt. Ringoes. N.J.. 87-90), Middleburgh. N.Y., 
1891-1907, Clover Hill, N.J., 1907-12, Buskirk. 1912-13, Clover Hill, 
1913-18. 
Publications : Articles for the press. 
Pitcher, John H., b. 1806. U.C. 1827, N.B.S. 30, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie ; Herk- 
imer and German Flats, 31-3, Tyashoke and Easton, 33-8, Tyashoke, 
38-43. Jackson. 44-52. Claverack, 2d, 52-61, Greenville, 61-73, Westerlo, 
73-6, d. Jan. II, 1879. 



452 THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA 

Pitcher, Philip Wilson, b. Upper Red Hook, N.Y., Jan. 31, 1856; R.C. 82. 
N.B.S. 85. 1. CI. N.B. ; Miss, at Amoy, China, 1885-1915, d. July 21. See 
Min. Gen. Syn., 19 16, 928. 
Publications: In Amoy Romanized Colloquial: Geographries : Intro- 
ductory, 1887; of Europe, 1888; of North America, 1890; of South Amer- 
ica, 1891. Epitome of Chinese Hist.. First Six Dynasties, 1892. — In Eng- 
lish : "Fifty Years in Amoy," or "A Hist, of the Amoy Mission, 1893. — "A 
Sketch of Ku-liang Mountain, Foochow, China," 1895. — In Amov Rom. 
Col: "Hist, of Ancient Egypt," 1898. — "An Algebra," 1899. — Epitome of 
Chinese Hist.," completed 1900. — 1904, In the Chinese Character: "Epitome 
of Chinese Hist.," completed. Elements of Education in China, 1908. 
In and About Amoy, 1909, 1911. 

Pitcher, Wm., b. Red Hook. N.Y., Mar. 8. 1810; Wms. Coll. 28; P.S. 35, 
lie. by Consociation of Litchfield, 36, ord. by CI. Washington, Jan. S7 ', 
Jackson, 37-9, Boght, 40-54, Branchville, 54-79. Died Ap. 5, 1883. 
He was a man of rare excellencies. Quiet, modest, unassuming, yet 
behind this humble garb there was a noble, generous, warm-hearted Chris- 
tian manhood. He was a man of strong mind and resolute purpose. As 
a preacher he had few equals. See "Mem. Ser. by Rev. Wm. E. Davis." 
1883. 

Publications: "Grace": A Series of Discourses, 1844-5. 
Pitts, Robt., b. near Montgomery, Orange Co., N.Y., 1813; R.C. 37, N.B.S. 
40, lie. CI. Orange; S.S., Walpack, 40-60, vv. c. ; d. 1878, Nov. 16. See 
Manual of 1879. 
Pleune, Peter H., b. Grand Rapids, May 17, 1883. H.C. 1909, N.B.S. 1912. 

Church of Comforter, N.Y.C., 1912-16. Pres. Ch. South. 
Plumley. Gardiner Spring, b. Washington, D.C.. Aug. nth, 1827; Y.C. 50; 
U.T.S. 55; (ord. by First Presb. of N.Y., Nov. 11, 55; Bloomingdale, 
N.Y.C., 55-7, Metuchen. N.J.. 58-75), Miss, at North Dutch. N.Y.C., 
76-8; (Calvary Chapel, Five Points. N.Y.C., 78-83), Greenfield Hill 
(Cong.) Ct, 83-94. d. Feb. 21. D.D. by Y.C, 1890. 
He was for a while editor of "The Presbyterian Church Throughout 
the World." In 1869. having noticed the remark in the second edition 
of "Manual of Ref. Ch. in America, in a note at bottom of page 2, that 
Dr. Livingston had expressed the desire in 1783 to Dr. Westerlo. that 
some genius equal to the task, would arise to draw up a plan for uniting 
all the Reformed Church in America into one National Church; and that, 
notwithstanding the seeming difificulties in the way, he believed it to be 
practicable, and yet hoped to see it accomplished; and that the author of 
the Manual had added, "Let them begin the good work by endorsing each 
other's symbols"; he obtamed copies of the resolutions in which the Gen- 
eral Synod of R.C. A. had endorsed the Westminster Catechism, in 1837, 
and presented them to the General Assembly then meeting at Pittsburgh; 
and secured from that body their official approbation of the Heidelberg 
Catechism. It was at this same session that the Old and Nev/ School 
Presbyterian Churches came together, and union of all kindred bodies 
was the general cry. 

Mr. Plumley was a man of imposing presence, agreeable manners, fine 
culture and mucii activity in various forms of work. Much of his work 
was wholly undenominational. — See also "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1894. 220. 
PocKMAN, Philetus Theodore, b. at East Greenbush, N.Y., Feb. 26, 1853; 
R.C. 75, N.B.S. 78, lie. CI. Rensselaer; Fairfield, N.J., 78-80. Green- 
ville, Jersey City, 81-6, New Brunswick. N.J., 1887-1911. (Pres. Alden, 
N.Y., 1912-16), Hasbrouck Heights, N.J., 1916-19, d. Nov. 16. Pres. 
Bd. of Education, 1908-12. Member Bd. D.M., 1916-19. Pres. Gn. Syn., 
191 1. D.D., R.C, 1894. 
Dr. Pockman was a genial man and most excellent pastor. Wherever 
he labored he was a power for righteousness. See Min. Gen. Svn.. 1920, 
276. 



THE MINISTRY 453 

Publications: Hist. Ch. of East Greenbush, N.Y., 1801. 
Pohle, K. A. J. (Ger. Evang. Lutheran Church of St. Peter's, Brooklyn), 

18.. -^T,. R.C.A. Brooklyn, E.D.. 1853-68. 
Pohlman, Wm. J., b. in Albany, 1812; R.C. 34, N.B.S. 37, 1- CI. Albany; 
ord. Ap. 8, 38 ; voyage to Singapore, May-Sept.., 38, Borneo. 38-44, 
Amoy. June 44-1849, d. Jan. 5. 

Up to the age of twelve he lived under the paternal roof and was trained 
up under pious influences. Engaging in business, his religious impressions 
began to waver, not without occasional pungent convictions. At the death- 
bed of a beloved sister, dying in the triumjjhs of the faith, and appealing 
earnestly unto him, an impression was made which was never obliterated. 
He became a devoted Christian at sixteen years of age. "Suddenly," he 
says, "the most rapturous feelings of joy took possession of my mind. For 
a few moments I was in ecstasy. I could now say with an appropriating 
faith, Abba, Father. Oh, the splendor of that morning, the unutterable 
joys of that precious moment! But it would recjuire the tongue of an 
angel, the eloquence of a seraph, to describe all my feelings. Praise him, 
praise him for the wonders of his redeeming mercy!" 

In his Junior year in the Seminary, he resolved to go far hence to the 
Gentiles. He writes to the American Board : "Time has only served to 
strengthen the decision which was calmly and dispassionately made. After 
repeated reviews of the same, I am confirmed and settled. I can not now 
doubt for a moment; mine was not a rash or hasty conclusion. H there 
are no contrary indications, I must go, I can not stay. Here then am I, 
take me. Receive me under your care as a candidate for the missionary 
service; I wish to enlist for life. H in your view I can be of any service, 
I lay my all at your feet. Silver and gold have I none, but such as I have, 
give I thee. Send me abroad to publish glad tidings to the idol-serving 
nations. Send me to the most desert part of all the howling wildernesses 
of heathenism, to the most barbarous climes, or to more civilized regions. 
Send me to the millions of Pagans, to the followers of the false prophet, to 
the Jews or the Gentiles, to Catholics or Protestants. Send me, in fine, 
wherever God opens an effectual door. Send me. for necessity is laid 
upon me; yea, woe is unto me, if I preach not the gospel to the perishing 
heathen." 

He was ordained in April, 1S38, in the North Reformed Church of Al- 
bany, with which he had united ten years before. On the 20th of May he 
was solemnly set apart for the missionary service. He went forth strong 
in the consciousness of duty, and was followed by the prayers of multi- 
tudes. 

"A decade of years covered the missionary's life, during which much 
of toil, in preaching, teaching, translating, and travel, was gone through. 

On April 2. 1838. at a Monthly Concert in the Franklin Street Church, 
N.Y.C.. he was married to Theodosia R. Scudder. sister of Rev. Dr. John 
Scudder. by Rev. Christopher Hunt. — See "Ch. Int.." Ap. 7. 1838. 

He had taken his sister, for the benefit of her health, to Hong Kong, in 
Dec, 1848. The vessel in which he was returning to Amoy was wrecked and 
he was among the lost, the first instance of death by shijuvreck of any of 
the missionaries of the American Board. His piety was a deep, con- 
trolling principle. His prominent feature was perseverance. He was 
frank, open hearted, wise in council, amiable in disposition, and cordial 
and firm in his friendships. — See "Rogers' Hist.," 1857. Fun. Ser. by Dr. 
D. Kennedy, "Sprague's Annals." "McClintock's Cyc." 

PiTBLUATioNS : Several articles in "The Chinese Renository." 
Polhemus. Abraham, b. at Astoria. 1812; R.C. 31. N.B.S. 35, 1. CI. N.Y. ; 
Hopewell, 3=;-57. Newark, North, Mav-Oct. 18^7, d. Elected a trus- 
tee R.C. 1851.' D.D. by U.N.Y. 1856. 

He was a lineal descendant of Rev. J. T. Polhemus. who settled on Long 
Island in 1654. In college he was noted for his joyous temperament and 



454 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

his companionable qualities, and was a decided favorite. His ministry was 

spent in a single field, with the exception of a brief period in Newark. 

Mutual affection, to a unusual degree, existed between him and his flock. 

Several attempts to call him to other fields were in vain. At length he 

yielded to the pressing call of the new North Church of Newark. He was 

regarded as specially qualified to build up this church, but he had hardly 

entered on his duties when God called him to his reward. 

Before his death he had a remarkable vision of the glorified Christ. 

See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Address before Alumni R.C. 1852.— Twelve Sermons in 

"Memorial." 

[Polhemus, Isaac Heyer (son of Ab. Polhemus), b. Hopewell, N.Y., Mar. 
3, 1853; Wms. C. 75; U.T.S. 79; ord. June 23, 79, by CI. Newark; 
Missionary and pastor Presbyterian Church]. 

Polhemus, Cornelius H., b. at Middlebush, *N.J., Dec. 2, 1853; R.C. 77, 
N.B.S. 80, 1. CI. N.B. ; Hopewell, N.Y., 81-91, (Supply. Presbyt. Ch., 
St. Paul, Minn., 91-92; S.S. 2d Presbyt. Ch., Jonesboro, Tenn., also 
Prof, of Langs. Tabor Coll., Iowa, 93-96 ; supplying, 1896-1901 ) ; Port 
Ewen, 1901-11. Supplying Church. 
Publications : Numerous articles and poems in "Ch. Inst.," "Christian 

at Work," "Christian Weekly," "The Advance," and in "Kansas City 

Times ;" also sentimental poems — "When the Honeysuckles Bloom," and 

"My Old New Jersey Home." 

Polhemus, Henry, b. at Jiarlingen, May 31. 1772; C.N.J. 1794, studied the- 
ology under Romeyn, 1. CI. N.Y. 1798; Harlingen and Ne-Shanic, 1798- 
1808, English Neighborhood, 1809-13, Shawangunk, 1813-15, d. Nov. 2. 
Elected a trustee Q.C. 1800. See Manual, 1902. 

Polhemus (name originally spelled Polhemius), Johannes Theodorus, b. 
probably in Switzerland, 1598; studied, probably in Switzerland; pas- 
tor in the Palatinate, 1625 (?)-28 (?), at Meppel, Province of 
Overyssel, Netherlands, 1628-30 (?). again in the Palatinate, 1630 (?)- 
35, at Olinda, Brazil, 1637-45 (?), at Itamarcas, Brazil, i645?-54; Mid- 
wout, Amersfort, L.I., 1654-76, also Brooklyn. 1656-60, again, 1664-76, 
died June 8. 
The first allusion to him in the "Minutes of Classis of Amsterdam" is 

as follows : 

J ohanncs Theodorus Polheiiii. 

1635, Dec. 3d. There appeared in Classis the Rev. John Theodore Pol- 
heim (Polhemus), formerly a preacher in the Palatinate; (then subse- 
quently at) Meppel, in Overyssel, and later, again in the Palatinate; but on 
account of renewed persecution, he was forced to leave (the latter field) 
a second time. He requested that he might be appointed a minister in the 
West Indies, (America). Accordingly, his testimonials from both Meppel 
and Witen were read by the Deputies on Indian Affairs, who also made 
report thereon. The Assembly resolved, to appoint the said individual, as 
soon as possible, to that field, through the instrumentality of the Deputies, 
iv. 66. 

Then in the Acts of the Synod of North Holland, as follows : 
1636, Sept. 9, et seq. Synod of North Holland, at Enckhuyzen. 
Art. 34. Preacher for the West Indies. 

His Excellency, Count (John) Maurice, of Nassau, about to proceed to 
the West Indies, (Brazil) has made request that a thoughtful and capable 
minister be selected, to be sent to the West Indies in accordance with 
Church Rules. This request was particularly pleasing to this Synod, and 
it was resolved, that the Classes shall give heed to it at the earliest oppor- 
tunity ; and if they learn of anj' one disposed to go thither to inform the 
Church of Amsterdam. The Rev. Correspondents (of other Synods) will 
also be pleased to do the same. 



THE MINISTRY 455 

Art. 35. (Under the Ministerial Changes this year occurs the following 
item : ) 

Classis of AiiistenicDii. 

Sent to the West Indies, (Brazil) Rev. Johannes Poliemus. 

There are many allusions to the churches and ministers in Brazil in the 
documents obtained by E. T. Corwin in 1897-8, but not definite references to 
Domine Polhemus. who was there for 18 years. But during that period 
there were two Classes formed and a Synod, and the Minutes of these 
bodies were published in Holland, but a copy did not come under his notice. 
Probably copies could be procured at Utrecht. At Olinda, Domine Pol- 
hemus preached in Portugese and French. Volumes in Dutch or Latin, 
giving an account of the administration of John Maurice in Brazil, are 
procurable. 

Such a volume, in Latin, was purchased in 1898, and is now in the Li- 
brary of the Collegiate Church, New York. References to Polhemus are 
therein found. (See also Dr. Jas. L. Good's volume, "Hist of the Refd. 
Ch. in the United States," for brief accounts of the early attempts of the 
French Reformed, in Brazil, 1555-8, and of the Dutch Reformed in Brazil, 
1637-54; pubd. at Reading, Pa., 1898). 

In 1654 the West India Co. were obliged to evacuate Brazil, and leave it 
to the Portuguese. This compelled Polhemus to leave the country. He 
came to New Netherland, while his wife went to Holland to try and secure 
the arrears due him from the Company. On Aug. 24, 1654, she besought 
the deputies of the Classis of Amsterdam to assist her. Rev. Mr. Langelius 
was appointed to this duty. In March. 1655, nothing had yet been accom- 
plished, but 200 florins had been loaned her. Mr. Polhemus wrote to his wife 
that he was inclined to remain in New Netherland, and the directors were 
asked to ratify the arrangement. In May, 1656, the Classis wrote that they 
were willing to consummate this arrangement, and would help his wife to go 
to Long Island. "She is a very worthy matron, has great desire to be with 
her husband, and has struggled along here in poverty and great straits, al- 
ways conducting herself modestly and piously." 

Up to 1654 the Dutch on Long Island had had no minister nor church, 
and were obliged to cross the East River to attend service. The evil be- 
came at length so great that Megapolensis and a committee organized a 
church at Midwout, (Flatbush), on Feb. 9, 1654, and requested the Classis 
of Amsterdam to select a preacher. It was at this juncture, after this let- 
ter had been sent, that Polhemus arrived. He had stopped on his way 
hither, and organized a Reformed church at New Amstel, Delaware. He 
was the first to propose association of the American ministers and churches. 
As early as 1662 he writes: "We stand in need of communication with one 
another in the form of a Classis. after the manner of the Fatherland. It 
is desirable that this be begun, although I do not know of much business to 
be transacted." He refers to this same matter as subsequent times. Ecc. 
Rec. N.Y., many letters. "Doc. Hist.," iii, 70. "Col. Hist.," ii., 72. 
"O'Callaghan's New Neth.," ii., 272. "Broadhead's N.Y.," vols. i. and ii. 

Polk, Thomas M., Addisville, Pa.. 1921 

Pompl, R. H. See Von Pompl. Peekskill. Hungarian, 1914-16. 
Pool, Chas. Hubbard, b. at Bav Ridge. Brooklvn, N.Y., Feb. 11, 1840; R.C. 
63, N.B.S. 66. 1. S. CI. L.i. : Bedminster, 66-75, Raritan. 3d, 75 ■ Dec. 
31, 87, Cor. Sec. Bd. Dom. Miss., Jan. i. 1888-1906. Died March i. 

Dr. Pool's sermons were "good" because he himself was a good man, 
full of the Holy Ghost. His long service as Sec. of the Bd. of Domestic 
Missions -was characterized by attention to details and a general wisdom of 
administration that was beyond praise. Min. Gen. Syn.. 1906. 602. 

PuBLK ATioxs : Reports of Bd. of Dom. Missions, after 1888. 
Pool, Geo. H. Jersey City Heights, 1872-3. (Presbyt. Editor). 
Fool, William, b. Warfum, Netherlands. Oct. 26, 1857; studied in the 



456 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Netherlands, Grand Rapids, Mich., and Dubuque, la., 1886; Dubuque 
Sem., la., 1889, He. by Presbyt. of Dubuque, Ap. 88, ord. by CI. Dakota, 
Aug. 20, 89; GrandView, S.D., May 89-Nov. 90, S. Blendon, Mich., 
90-3, Grand Rapids, 6th, 93-7, Atwood. Mich., 1897-1902, Kalamazoo, 
Mich., ist, 1902-11, Paterson, N. J., (Hoi. ist), 1911-14, Wortendyke, 

N.J., 1st, 1914 

PuBLicATioxs : Articles in De Hope. 
Root, J. W., b. Neth., July i, 1851. South Blendon, 1895-6, Gano, Chicago, 

96-8, Pella, 4th, 98-9, Editor. Lutheran, d. Nov. i, 1913. 
Poppen, Henry, b. Prairie View, Kan., Sept. 29, 1890. H.C. 1914, W.T.S. 

1917, 1. by CI. Michigan, 1917. Missionary to China, 1918. 
Poppen, Jacob, b. Drenthe, Mich., Ap. 17, 1858; H.C. 82, Teaching, 82-90, 
P.S. 93, 1. CI. Holland; Jamestown, 2d, 94-5, Professor, Tokyo, Japan, 
96-7, East Overisel, 1898-1902, Wortendyke, N.J.. 1902-07. Principal, 
Cordell Academy, Okl., 1908-10, Centreville, Athenia, N.J., 1910-14, 
East Overisel, Hamilton, Mich., 1915-17, d. Alarch 5, 1920. Ph.D., 
Princeton, 1896. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1920, 280. 
Publications : Faith and Certainty, 1896. 
Poppen, Otto G., b. Grundy Co., la.. Mission House Col. 1915, Ref. Sem. 

Grundy Center 1918, 1. by CI. P.P. 1918, George, la., Hope 1918 

Porter, Charles F.. (grandson of Rev. Stephen Porter, Presbyt.), b. at St. 
Louis, Mo., Oct. 4, 1861 ; Ham. Coll. 84. Aub. Sem. 87. lie. Presbyt. 
Geneva, 86; ord. by Presbyt. of Buffalo. 87; (Alden. N.Y., 87-8, Pres- 
byt.), Lodi, N.Y.. 1888-1904, (Presbyterian, N.Y. State Library, 

1906 ) 

Porter, Elbert Stothoff, (son-in-law of P. S. Wynkoop) ; b. near Mill- 
stone. N.J., Oct. 23, 1819; C.N.J. 39, N.B.S. 42, 1. CI. N.B.; Miss, to 
Chatham, 42-3, Chatham, 43-9, Williamsburgh. 49-83; also editor of 
"Christian Intelligencer," 52-68. D.D. by R.C. 1857. Died Feb. 26, 
1888. 
He gave himself whole heartedly to his pastoral and editorial work and 
was eminently successful. See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : The Resurrection." Fun. Ser. on Death of Mrs. — . 
Van Buren. 1845. — "Perils and Securities of Our Country." 1850. — "Do- 
mestic Missions:" a Ser. before Gen. Synod. 1851. — "Gladness in the Sanc- 
tuary:" a Ser. at Reopening of Ch. Williamsburgh. 1885. — Address at 
Boston in behalf of Am. Tract Soc. i860.— "Language of Affliction:" Ser. 
on Death of Adaline Rider. 1864. — Ser. on "Death of Pres. Lincoln." 
1865.— "The R.D.C. in Williamsburgh :" a Hist. Discourse. 1866.— "Hist. 
Doctrine and Spirit of R.D.C," "Bib. Sac." Ap. 1866. — "A Pastor's Hints 
to His People." — A Commen. Disc, on the "Life, Character, and Services" 
of Rev. Dr. L N. Wyckofif. 1869. — Sermons in "Nat. Preacher," on "Ad- 
vantages of Denominationalism, The New Heavens and the New Earth, 
and The Temple Transfigured." — Address at Fun. of Rev. Edward Holmes. 
— "The Literature of Ref. Ch.," 1776-1876. In "Centennial Discourses." — 
Editorials in "Ch. Intelligencer," 1852-68. 
Porter, Reuben, w. c. 1840-55. 

Post, Henry K., b. Newark, N.J., Feb. 25. 1878, P.C. 1902, N.B.S. 1906, 
New Prospect (Pine Bush) 1906-10, Freehold, 2d, 1910-16, Newark, 

N.J., Christ 1917 

Potgeter, H. (Ser.), b. Oct. 11, 1856. Veldhausen. Germany. (In Germany 
Realschule, Otd. Ref. Ch. Sem., Bentheim, 1883, 1. bv CI. of Bentheim, 
Od. Ref. Ch., 1883, Nelson, 1883-86. Ihrhove, i886'-89. In America, 
Christian Ref. Ch. Ridott, 111., 1889-92, Parkersburg, 1892-98, Clara 
City, 1898-1900, Presbyterian, Kamrar, la., 1900-03, Dubuque, la., 1903- 
05), Forreston, 111.. 1906-14. Retired. 
Potgeter, Herman J. (Jr.), b. in Germany. Dubuque Col. 1909, W.T.S. 
1912. Lennox, S.D., ist, 1912-14, North Sibley, la., 1914-18. Presby- 
terian, Campbell, Neb., 1918-21. Resting from nervous breakdown. 



THE MINISTRY 457 

Potgeter, Luppo, b. Ridott. 111.. Nov. i8, 1891. H.C. 1914, W.T.S. 1918, 

1. by CI. P.P. 1918. Chicago. 111., Emmanuel, 1918 

Potter, Clayton J., b. Glenville. N.Y.. May 2, 1878. U.C. 1900, Hartford 
Sem. 1904. 1. by Hartford Ccn. Ass., Cong. Min.. 1904. (Cong.. Lennox, 
Mass., 1904-07, Simsburg, Conn., 1907-10). Schenectady, N.Y., ist, 

1910 

Potter. Francis Marmaduke, b. Brooklyn. N.Y.. March 10. 1888. R.C. 
1905-08. Rhodes Scholar. Oxford, 1908-11. N.B.S. 1911-13. Principal, 
Voorhees College, 1913-17. Teaching, 1918. Ass. Sec. and Treasurer, 

Bd. of P.M., R.C.A., 1918 

Potter, James H., b. Nov. 8. 1888, Glenville. N.Y. U.C. 1912, Hart. Theo. 
Sem. 191 5, 1. by Hartford Ass., Cong. Ch. Supplied three Cong. 
Churches. Ord. by CI. Schenectady 1918. Missionary to India, 1919. 
Potter, Rockwell Harmon, (descendant of Rev. Thos. Romeyn), b. Glen- 
ville. N.Y.. Oct. I. 1874, U.C. 95, Chicago Theolog. Sem. 98, studied 
also at Yale and U.S.; 1. CI. Schenectady, 98, ord. N. CI. L.I., 98; Flush- 
ing, L.I., 98-1900, (Hartford, ist Cong.. 1900 . Los Angeles, Cal.). 

Powell, Enoch. Baptist. S.S., Cranesville, N.Y., 1913 

Powell, Henry Alanson, b. Chatham. N.Y.. Sept. 13, 1851 ; U.C. y^, U.S. 
76; ord. by N. CI. L.I.. June 29, 76; Bushwick, L.I., 76-83, (Brooklyn, 

Lee Av., Cong., 83-91, Lawyer, N.Y'.C, 1891 ). 

Prentice. Sartell (Jr.), b. Albany, N.Y., Sept. 30, 1867, Am. Coll. 91, U.S. 
94, lie. Congs. 94. ord. by CI. Raritan, 94; Pottersville, N.J., 94-7, 

(Newark, 5th Av. Presbyt. 1897-1904). Nyack, N.Y., 1904 . Red 

Cross Chaplain. France. 1919-^0. D.D., Olivet Col., 191 1. 
PuBLic.-^TioN.s : The Cloud. 1918. Padre — A Red Cross Chaplain in 
France. 1919. Articles in the press. 
Prentiss. H. M. Candidate CI. N.Y.. 1913. 
Prever. D. Charles. Amsterdam Gymnasium. N.B.S. 1884. Newark, East, 

'84-6, Ashury Park, 86-8. 
Prochnau, Julius, b. Jan. >8, 1890, Alberta, Canada. Moravian Col., Beth- 
lehem, Pa., 1910, Moravian Sem., 1. by Presbytery of Utica, 1912. 
(Norwich Corners and Litchfield, 1912-13, Long Valley, N.J., 1913-16, 

Cincinnati, O., West Libertv. 1916-20). Peapack, N.J.. 1920 

Proudfit. Alex, (son of John W. Proudfit). b. N.Y.C., Ap. 15, 1839; R.C. 
58, N.B.S. and P.S. 61 ; ord. as an evang. by ist Presbyt. N.Y., 
62; chaplain, U.S.A., 62-5, (Clavton, N.J.. 66-76), Hackettstown, N.J., 
76-84, Baltimore, 2d, Md., 85-94," Springfield, O- 95-97. cl. Ap. 2. D.D. 
by Lafayette Coll., 1887. 
He was unflinching in courage, untiring in zeal, and unfailing in faith- 
fulness. He was ever ready to co-operate heartily in all that was good, 
whether in reference to the common cause of the churches or the general 
welfare of the community. — See "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1897, 19. 
Proudfit, John Williams, (.son of Rev. Alexander Proudfit, of Assoc. Ref. 
Ch., Salem, N.Y., 1795-1835). b. in Salem, Sept. 22. 1803; U.C. 23. P.S. 
24; ord. 25; (Newburyport, Mass.. 27-33. Prof, of Latin Lang, and Lit. 
U.N.Y. 33-41 ) ; Prof, of Latin and Greek Langs, and Lit. in R.C. 40-5. 
Prof, of Greek Lang, and Lit. in R.C. 45-59, w. c. 59-64. (Presbyt.). 
Died Mar. 9. 1870. D.D. by U.C. 1841. 
He was the son of an eminent minister of the Associate Ref. Ch. He was 
a ripe scholar, whose chief work in life was teaching. In this he was emi- 
nently successful. While engaged in literary labors he did not forget the 
work of his Master and was interested and diligent in spreading the Gospel. 
See Manual. 1902. 

See "Princeton Rev.." xv.. 312. "Index to Prin. Rev., 275. 

PuBLTCATioNs : "Choicc of a Profession": Baccalaureate Sermon. R.C. 

1841. — "Nature of True Greatness."— "The Captives." A Comedy of Plau- 

tus, with Eng. Notes. 1843. — "Remarks on Hist., Structure, and Theories 

of the Apostles' Creed." 1852. (See "Princeton Rev.," 1852.)— Editor of 



45^ THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

"New Brunswick Rev.," 1855. — "The Sanctuary of God consulted in the 
Present Crisis." 1861. — "Man's Two-fold Life" included in the "Promise 
of Godliness" : A Disc, at the Install, of Rev. Wm. Irwin at Rondout, 1862. 
Address at the fun. of Theodore Strong, LL.D. 1869. — Art. in "Sprague's 
Annals" on Dr. J. S. Cannon. — Arts, in "Princeton Rev." on "Inspiration 
and Catholisism." 185 1. — "The Heidelberg Catechism and Dr. Nevins." 
1851. — ^"Review of Voelcker and others on Homeric Ideas of the Soul and 
a Future State." ("Bib. Sac," xv., 753).— Other articles in "Bibliotheca 
Sacra," "Independent," "Evening Post," "Ledger," etc. 
Proudfit, Robt. Ralston (son of John Williams Proudfit), b. Feb. 3, 1836; 

R.C. 1854, N.B.S. and P.S. 61 ; ord. Evang. 61 ; chaplain U.S.A. 61-5. 

Weehawken, N.J., 65-67. Died Feb., 1897. 
He received a sunstroke while in the army, from the effects of which he 
never fully recovered. Yet he did a considerable amount of Christian 
work quietly, and in teaching Bible classes. He spent much time in travel, 
both in America and Europe. He married a daughter of the late Count 
St. George of Geneva, Switzerland, the head of the Evangelical Alliance 
in that land. See "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C, 1897, 18. 
Pullan, Frederick B.. b. Feb. 4, 1849, New York City, Beloit Col., Wis., 

1871, Y. Sem. 1875, 1. by New Haven Cong. Assembly 1876; (Cong. 

Vineland, N.J., 1875-79, East Orange, N.J., 1879-90, San Francisco, 

Cal. 1890-95, Providence, R.I., 1895-1905), Hyde Park, East Orange, 

N.J., 1908-14, (Cong. River Edge, N.J., 1914-19). 
Purdy, Marinus Seymour, b. N.Y.C. Jan. 11, 1877, C.C. N.Y. and R.C. 

1900, N.B.S. 1903, 1. by N. CI. L.I.. Bogota, N.Y., 1903-07, Athens, N.Y., 

1907-09, Newburgh, N.Y., 1909 

Putnam, John H. S., 1. by CI. Montgomery 1916, Philadelphia. 4th, 1916- 

17, Episcopalian, Chaplain in U.S. Navy. 

Quackenbush, Daniel McLaren, b. in N.Y.C. Mar. 9, 1819; C.C. 36, N.B.S. 
39, 1. Assoc. Presby. Ch. N.Y., 39; (West Hebron, N.Y., 42-7), War- 
warsing, 49-51, Fishkill Landing, 51-5, Missionary pastor, Chapel on 
Brooklyn Heights, 55-9, Hastings-on-Hudson, 59-61, Prospect Hill, 
N.Y.C, 1861-1900, d. Aug. 24. D.D. by N.Y.U. 1863. 
He had a long and honorable career. He was a scholar of rare mental 
■endowments. He was in early life devoted to the ministry by his pious 
Scotch mother. Many acts of beneficence marked his entire ministerial 
■career. He served the Prospect Hill Church for the most part gratuitously, 
for nearly forty years, putting aside calls to larger fields, for which he 
was eminently qualified by his great learning, and keenly logical mind. 
Exceptional circumstances made the Prospect Hill Church very dear to his 
lieart. Though of a quiet, retiring disposition, his kindly, sympathetic 
nature made him a devoted pastor. He was a man of great conscientious- 
ness, faithful, and constant in the duties of his calling, a faithful friend, a 
wise counsellor, and a reliable guide. He was a spiritually minded man, 
strong in faith, and unreserved in his consecration to Christ and his 
church. See also "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1901, 1243. 

Quaw, Jas. E., b. 1800, N.B.S. 1828, Miss, at Tyashoke, 28-9, at Lysander, 
29-30, Dashville Falls, 31-4, Breakabin, Cobbleskill, and Schoharie Mt., 
34-6, w. c. 36-45, lost on Lake Erie. See "McClintock's Cyclop." 
Publications : "The Immerser Instructed." 1844. — "The Cold Water 
Man." 

Quick. Ab. Messier, b. Somerville, N.J., 1839, R.C. i860, N.B.S. 64, 1. CI. 
N.B., Port Jackson 64-69, Franklin 1869-92, Peekskill 82-84, Ocean 
Hill, Brooklyn, N.Y.C, 1885-1900, w. c. S.C. CI. of Montgomery. 
Publications : Many Arts, and Communications to Periodicals and 
Magazines; pamphlets. Lyrics of Life, 1906. 

Quick, John J., N.B.S. 1839, 1. CI. Philadelphia; Jackson 40-3, Fairfield, 
45-9, Wynantskill 49-54, Currytown 55-6, Mapletown and Currytown 
56-61, Mapletown 61-2, S.S. Fort Herkimer 1867-8. Died 18... 



TTIE MINISTRY 459 

<5uick. Peter J., b. Mar. 6. 1806; R.C. 33- N.B.S. 36. 1. CI. Philadelphia: 
Clarkstown. 37-66, Rector of Hertzog Hall, 69-74. librarian of Sage 
Library, 74-1886, d. Nov. 9. 
He was a faithful man and an exceliont preacher but so modest that his 
abilities were largely unrecognized. 

See Manual. 1902. 
Quinn, Robt. A., b. 1798. N.B.S. 1833, 1. CI. N.B. 1833; Caughnawaga, 
1833-5. Oyster Bay. 1835-41, Manayunk, 1842-7, Stone House Plains, 
1847-9, Chaplain at' Sailors' Snug Harbor. 1832-63, d. Jan. 31. 
After performing his duties as chaplain, on Jan. 31, at Sailors' Snug 
Harbor, he was deliberately shot through the heart by Herman Ingalls. an 
old sailor, who, it is said, had revealed his past life crimes to his chaplain, 
and now feared exposure. Ingalls then immediately shot himself. He was 
much given to muttering and solitary walking, and his companions thought 
he had been a pirate and was troubled with remorse. Mr. Quinn had been 
chaplain of the institution for eleven years. 

Ralston, Edward Stanlev. b. Boston, Mass. Law School. Lane T. Sem. 1886, 

1. bv Cong. Council. (Cong.. Newport. Ky., 1886-7. Lincoln, Neb., 

Plvmouth, 1887-91. Pres. Aspen Col.. 1891-3). Piermont, 1894-1900, 

Harlem Collegiate. N.Y.C.. 1900-1903, Poughkeepsie, N.Y., 2d, 1903-12, 

Netherwood. Plainfield, N.J., 1914-20. 
Rand, Wm. Wilberforce, (s. of Rev. Asa Rand), b. at Gorham, Maine, 

Dec. 8. 1816; Bowdoin Col. 37. Bangor Sem. 40; lie. Waldo Cong. 

Assoc. Jan. 14, 1840; ord. by CI. Cayuga. Sept. i, 1841 ; Canastota, 

1841-4; Ed. and Pub. Sec. N.Y. Tract Soc. 1844-1902, d. March 3, 

1909. D.D. by N.Y.U., 1883. 

Under Dr. Rand as Superintendent of the Publishing Department of the 
Tract Society, about 7.000 new publications were issued, of which about 
1.790 were volumes, and the rest tracts, wall rolls, &c. Many hundreds of 
the publications were in foreign languages. The only large volume of which 
Dr. Rand was himself the personal and sole author is "The Bible Dictionary 
in English and Spanish." Aside from special service in compiling, his main 
Avork was in selecting new issues from thousands of books and tracts offered, 
revising many of them, and seeing them through the press, as well as super- 
vising the six periodicals which the Society is now publishing. After the 
death of Dr. Halleck. Dr. Rand was alone in this responsible work. 

See Manual, 1902, Min. Gen. Svn.. 1909. 533. 
Randall, Peter G. R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 41. 1- CI. N.Y.. d. 1842. 
Randies, Wm. N., b. at West Hebron, N.Y., Mar. 14, 1837; U.C. 59, United 

Presb. Sem.. Xenia. O., 63. lie. (U.P.) Presb. Argvle. 62; ord. (U.P.) 

Pre.sbyt. Albany. 64: (W^est Charlton, N.Y.. (U.P.) 1864-7-2); Glen- 

ville, 1873-81, d. Nov. 20. 
Randolph, Edward T. E.. b. New Brunswick, N.J.. Jan. 30, 1872; R.C. 
96, N.B.S. 99. 1. CI. N.B. Leeds, 1900-1903. West Copake, N.Y., 1903- 

06, West Nyack (Clarktown), 1906-16, Livingston, N.Y., 1916-19, Hyde 

Park. N.Y., 1919 

Rankin, John Joseph, b. Newark. N.J., Aug. 12, 1854; Wms. Coll. 76. 

U.S. and P'.S. 80. lie. bv Presb. Newark, 80: ord. Presbv. Buffalo, 83; 

(Clarence, N.Y., 83-5), Bronxville, 83-8: (Presbyt). 
Ranney, William Addison, b. Summer Hill. N.Y., March 22. 1871. R.C. 

1896, N.B.S. 1899. Teacher. 
Ranson, Alonzo A., b. Kilbourne. 111., June 23. 1876, R.C. 1901. N.B.S. 1904, 

I. by CI. N.B., Hoboken. N.J., ist 1904-06, M.D.. Col. P. and S., 1909- 

Phvsician. 
Rapalje, Daniel, b. New Lots. (Brooklvn). N.Y.. Ap. 20. 1836: R.C. 33. 

N.B.S. 38. 1. S. CI. L.I.. Missionary Amoy China. 1838-99. 
Ratzell, J. P. Candidate in CI. N.Y. 1900. Congregationalist 1900. 
Rauscher. John Charles, b. Corona, N.Y., ALarch i. 1873. Clinton Col., Ta., 

1906, U.S. 98. lie. by Presbyt. Brooklyn, Astoria. 1899-1916. Brooklyn. 



460 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

N.Y., i2th St.. 1916 , Ph.D. Ch. Col., la., 1908, S.T.D. Temple Univ, 

1913- 
Raven, John Howard, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. 3, 1870; R.C. 1891, N.B.S. 

94, lie. S. CI. L.I., Metuchen, 94-99, Act. Prof. 1898-9, Prof. O. T. 

Langs, and Exegesis, New Brunswick Seminary, 1899 , Studied at 

University Berlin 1902-03, Lecturer on English Bible, R.C, 1910, 

D.D. R.C. 1899. 
Publications: O. T. Introduction 1906-10, Essentials of Hebrew Gram- 
mar 1908, General Catalogue R.C. 1766-1909 and 1916, Biblical Hermantics 
1910, Biographical Record, N.B.S., 1784-1911. 
Rawls. John. N.B.S. 1819. 1. CI. N.B. ; Columbia, 20-23, w. c. 
Ray, Henry C. S.S. All Soul's Florence, S.C, 1913-15. 
Raymond, And. Van Vranken, (s. of H. A. Raymond), b. Aug. 8. 1854, 

at Visscher's Ferry. N.Y., U.C. 75, N.B.S. 78, lie. CI. Schenectady; 

Totowa. 1st. Paterson. N.J., 78-81, Plainfield, N.J., 81-7, (Albany, 

4th Presbyt.. 87-94. President of Union College, Schenectady. N.Y., 

1894-1907." Buffalo, ist Presb.. 1907-18. d. April 5). D.D.. U.'C. 1887. 

LL.D. W. C. 1894 and Col. of South Carolina, 1905 , L.H.D. U.C. 

1908. 
Dr. Raymond was a man of singular symmetry of character, who never 
attempted anything without doing it well. 

Raymond. Andrew Van Vranken. Jr.. (son of Rev. A. V. V. Raymond), 
' b. Plainfield, N.J., June 17, 1886, U.C. 1908. N.B.S. 1909-11, U."S. 1912, 

ord. by Pres. of Buffalo. (Pres. New South Wales, N.Y., 1912-19, 

in Europe). * 

Raymond, Henry A., b. at Patterson, Putnam Co.. N.Y., July 10, 1804; Y.C. 

1825, N.B.S. 1828, lie. CI. Poughkeepsie. 1828. Sharon, Lawyersville, 

and Cobleskill. 1829-32. Fairfield. 1833-5. Niskayuna. 1836-50. Owasco, 

1851-3. Amity. 1853-6. Lawyersville and Sharon. 1856-64, Boght and 

Rensselaer, 1864-71. Died July 18. 1877. 
He was a pastor of unusual ability, wisdom and faithfulness. See Manual, 
1902. 
Read. Edward Grifficn (son of Hollis Read), b. at Sharon. Ct., Nov. 3, 

1844, C.N.J. 61, Tutor of Latin in C.N.J. 61-3. P.S. 65. lie. by Presbyt. 

Passaic. 64; (Madison. Wis.. Presbyt. 65-8. Elizabeth. 3d. N.J.. 68-75; 

Cong.. Bennington, Vt., 75-82), Somerville. 2d (Raritan, 2d), 1882-1908^ 

Chaplain N.J. Senate, 1915-20. Member Bd. of Education, R.C. A., 

1887-1896. Member Bd. of F.M., R.C.A., 1889—. D.D.. .R.C, 1895. 
Publications: Occasional Sermon. "A Domine in Bible Lands," 1894. 
Sermon at 50th Anniversary of 2d Ch. of Raritan, 1884. 
Read. George Oliver, b. Feb. 4. 1882, Philadelphia. Pa.. 1. by Ref. E. Ch. 

1904. Sem. Ref. Epis. Ch. 1906. (Served in Ref. Ep. Ch. 1904-20). 

S.S.. Marconier Ref. Ch.. 1920-21, Knox, and 2nd Berne. 1921 

Read. Hollis. b. Vt.. 1802. W.C 26. P.S. 28. Pres. Bombay, Babylon, N.Y... 

Derby, Ct.. Craneville. N.J.. in Ref. Ch. 1853-5, w. c., d. 1887. 
For details see "P. Sem. Gen. Cat." 
Read. John Leighton. (Son of Missionary to Indians 23 years), b. Paris, 

Texas, Sept. 14, 1879. Austin Col. 1901. Austin T.S. 1905. 1. by Pres. 

Ouacheta 1905. (Pres. Gurdon. Ark.. 1905-08. Junction City. Ark., 

1908-12, Little Rocky, Ark., Central. 1912-17). Missionary under W.B. 

D.M.. R.C.A., among Indians. Colony. Okl., 1917 

Publications: Articles in Mission Field. 
Rearick. Wm. R. M.E. Church. Temple Univ. Philadelphia. 2d. 1908- 

09. Philadelphia. Talmage Memorial. 1909 

Rederus, Francis, b. Lutjcgast. Groningen. in Netherlands. Aug. 19, 1822; 
entered Seminary of Free Church at Kampen. 1852; (preached at Stroo- 
bos. Beotgum. in Vriesland : at Wesep and Apeldoorn in Guelderland ; 
came to America. Nov.. 1872; Pater.son. N.J.. (Bridge St. Refd. Holl. 
Seceder Ch.), 72-74), Passaic, N.J., 74-76, Pella, la., 3d, 76-1886, May 

10, d. 



THE MINISTRY ' 461 

He graduated with the first class of the Seminary at Kampen. While 
settled in the Netherlands he did much missionary work, establishing 
preaching stations in wicked i)laces, as Berlicum, St. Anna, &c., and many 
were led to Christ. At St. Anna an evangelical church was formed, whicli 
flourishes to this day in \"riesland. His people were profoundly attached 
to him for his evangelical zeal and labors among them. After a year and a 
half of labor in a Seceder church in Paterson, N.J., he joined the regular 
Reformed Church in America, and spent the rest of his ministry in her fold, 
where his great zeal and efficiency continued to the end of his life. 
Rederus, Sipko F., (son of Rev. Francis Rederus), b. in Netherlands, July 
29, 1854; College of Refd. Ch. at Kampen; c. to America, 1872; 
N.B.S. 1877: lie. by Winabago Convention. (Cong.), Wis., 1881 ; 
(Supplied, Presbyt. Ch. in Chicago. 1877, Cong. Ch. at Alto, Wis.. 
and other churches, as Greenleafton, Minn.. New Amsterdam and Cato, 
Wis.) ; Britton, Alich., 93-96, Tyre. N.Y.. 1896-1901, (Presbyt., Wamps- 
ville, N.Y., 1901-02, (Pres. Canastota, N.Y., 1902-04, Nortonville, 
Kan., 1904-07, Farley, la., 1907-1922). Died Feb. 22, 1922. 
Publications: "Vibrations of Aly Soul," a Poem, 1887; "Alemorial Ser- 
mon to Soldiers." 1894; contributions to the press; Essays and selections 
from the Dutch and Flemish poets. 

Reed, Edward Allen, b. June 24, 1843, at Lansingburgh, N.Y. ; Aub. Sem. 
71, lie. by Presbyt. of Cayuga, N.Y., 70; ord. by Cong. Council, at 
Springfield. Mass., June 14. 71 ; (Cong. Ch., Springfield, Mass., 71- 
78), New York City, Madison Ave., 78-86, (Holvoke, Mass., 2d Cong. 

1886-1914, P.E. 1914 . DD. by R.C. 1881. 

Publications: "Manly Christianity," 1879, containing also a brief his- 
tory of Madison Ave. Ch. 

Reese, David R., b. Shawnee, O.. Ohio State Univ. 1901, Boston, Univ. 
Sch. of Theo. 1904. 1. by M.E. Ch. (M.E. pastorates 1905-09. Pres. 

Akron, O., 1909-16), High Bridge, N.J., 1916 ■ 

Reeverts. Andrew J., b. flear Oregon, Ogle Co., 111., Jan. 20, 1868; H.C. 92, 

.W.S. 95, 1. CI. Pleasant Prairie; Monroe ist (Ger.), S.D., 95-7, Im- 

manuel, Belmond, la., 1897-1907, also S.S., Alexander, la., 1897-1902, 

Peoria, 111., 1907-20, d. Alarch 14, 1920. Administrator of "Der Mitar- 

• beitcr, 1908-20. 

Mr. Reeverts passed his whole ministry among German speaking churches, 
in the service of which he was eminently useful. See Min. Gen. Svn., 1902, 
281. 

Reeverts, Frederick, b. Ogle Co., 111., Nov. 16, 1871. H.C. 1899, W.T.S. 
1902, 1. by CI. P.P. 1902. Alexander, la., 1902-1908, Meservey, la., S.S., 

1907, Monroe, la., 1908-12, Stout, la., 1912 

Reeves, John Recder, b. New Brunswick, N.J., Nov. 14, 1891. Wesleyan 
Univ. 1914, P.G. Univ. of Pa., M.E. Conference Course 1918, I. by N.J. 
Conference M.E. Ch. 1912. (Pastorates M.E. Ch., 1915-21). Haw- 
thorne, N.J., 1921 

Puiu.icATioNs : Head of the River Church, 191". 
Reichert, J. F. Forreston. III., 1871-2. 
Reidenbach, T. A. Ger. Evang., Brooklvn, E.D., 1865-6. 
Reiley, DeWitt Ten Broeck, b. Hurley, N.Y., 1837 (s. of Wm. Reiley) ; 
R.C. 57, lie. CI. N.B. 66; Prof. Latin Lang, and Lit. in Rutgers College. 
61-65; Librarian, R.C, 63-71; also Rector Grammar School, 1868-74; 
again, 76-83. U.S. Consul, Athens, Greece, 1884-5, d. Aug. 6, 1900. See 
"Biog. Notices of Grads.. R.C." 1901. 5. 
Publications: "Elementary Instruction in Latin." ''Educational Month- 
ly," 1875- 

Reilcv. Wm.. b. at Durham. Bucks Co., Pa.. Feb. 12. 1810; R.C. 33. N.B.S. 
36, lie. CI. N.B.; Hurley. 36-9, Middletown, N.J., 39-1887; emeri- 
tus. Died July 19, 1894. D.D., R.C, 1857. 
His long pastorate at Middletown was marked by great faithfulness and 



462 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

increasing usefulness. He was the father of the Classis of Monmouth. See 

Manual, 1902. 

Reiner, John H., b. in Russia; c. to America, 1880; West Leyden, i88r- 

5, Gallatin, 86-7. 
Reinhart, Harry E., b. Usquert, Neth., May 17, 1869, W.T.S. 1913, 1. by 

CI. of G.R. 1913. Chandler, Minn.. 1913-20, Ireton, la., 1920 

Renskers, Garret John, b. at Winterwyck, Netherlands, Nov. 3, 1818; c. to 
America 46, studied under German and Presbyt. auspices in Iowa ; 
ord. by Presbyt. 55 (Ger. Chs. in the west, 55-64; Zeeland, Mich., 
Presbyt. 64-8); Clymerhill, 68-80; emeritus. Died Nov. i, 1893. 
Renslaer, see Van Rensselaer. 
Rex, Henry L., Lower Walpack, 1879-87. 

Reynolds, Frank Ten Broeck, b. Utter Park, N.Y., Academy, Ref. Ep. 
Sem., Philadelphia 1899, ord. Ref. Epis. 1899, (Ref. Epis. New West- 
minster, B.C., 1899-1901, Toronto, Ca., 1901-05), Spotswood, N.J., 1905- 

II, Glenville, ist (Schenectady) 1911-13, Keyport, N.J., 1913 , Sec. 

Monmouth Co. Bible Soc, Sec. Monmouth Co. Historical Association. 
Publications : Sketch of Monmouth Co. Bible Society. 
(Reynolds, G. Pres., S.S. Columbia, N.Y., 1897). 

Reynolds, Kiah M., b. Nov. 18, 1862, Alonticello, N.Y., Profesor Smock's 
Academy, four years M.E. Conference Course, 1. by N.Y. Conference 
M.E. Church 1909. (M.E. pastorates. Cook's Falls, N.Y., 1904-07, Ac- 
cord, N.Y., 1908-09, Kenoza Lake, N.Y.. 1910-12, Bloomingburg, N.Y., 
1913-16, Greenville, I^.Y., 1917-20). Beaverdam and Berne, N.Y., 
1921 , Chairman of Sub-Committee in organizing Centenary Cam- 
paigns in M.E. Church. 
Rhinehart. J. Kelly, b. Bruynswick. N.Y.. 1830; R.C. 59, N.B.S. 62, 1. CI. 
Orange ; Roxbury, 62-73, Princetown, N.Y., 73-89, also S.S. Grand 
Gorge 1871-2, Kiskatom, 89-91, d. Nov. 15. 
See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1892, 653. — "Biog. Notices of Grads, R.C," 
1892, 35. 

Rice, C. D., Y.C., I. by Hampden Assoc, Mass., 1839; (Granby. Ct., 1839- 
42, East Douglass, Mass., 1842-52, Poughkeepsie 1854-60, all Cong.), 
i860, in Ref. Ch. ; Prin. of Colleg. Instit. for Young Ladies, Pough- 
keepsie, 1860-78; and of Ossining Institute, Sing Sing, 1878-82. 
Rice, Henry Leffler. b. Washington Co.. Pa.. June 25, 1795; Troy Univer- 
sity, 1818, P.S. 21, ord. as an evangelist by Presbyt. N.B. Oct. 2, 22; 
Miss, in West 23-4, Spotswood, N.J.. 25-34 (Ger. Ref. Chambersburg, 
Pa., 34-1837. d. May 3, See "Appel's Recollections of Coll. Life, pp. 
27-30 ; Corwin's 20th anniv. Ser. at Millstone. 
(Rice. Wm.. Ass. Marble Col. N.Y.C.. 1916). 
(Richards, L. E.. S.S. Grand Gorge, 1866). 
Ricke, Herman, Hackensack (Ger.). 1874-7. 
Ricketts, J. H.. S.S. Princetown. 1863-5, w. c. 1867. 

Riddle. David H.. b. Martinsburg. Va.. Apr. 14. 1805; J.C. 2^. P.S. 28, I. 
Presbyt. of Winchester; (Winchester, 28-33. Pittsburgh, 3d. 33-57), 
Jersey City, ist, 57-62, (Pres. of Jefferson Coll., 62-5. Prof, of Moral 
Philosophy in Washington and Jefferson Coll. 65-8. Canonsburgh, 63-8, 
Martinsburgh, Va.. 68-79. Died Tulv 16, 1888. 
D.D. bv Marshall Coll. 43, LL.D. bv R.C. 63. See "N.Y. Evangelist," 
Aug. 1888, and "N. Y. Observer." July 26. 1888. 

Publications: "The Pilgrims and their Principles." 1850. — "Our Coun- 
try, for the Sake of the World." 1851. — "Ground of Confidence in Foreign 
Missions." 1851. "Before Am. Bd." — Ser. at Installation of Rev. Dr. Ab. 
Polhemus." 1857. — "Such a Time as This." Thanksgiving Sermon. 1859. 
Riddle Matthew B. (s. of David H. Riddle), b. Oct. 17,' 1836, J.C. 1852, 
Allegheny S., and N.B.S. 59. 1. CI. Bergen; Heidelberg University 
(Europe), 60-1, Chaplain in the army. 61 Hoboken, 61-5. Newark, 2d, 
65-9, in (Germany, 69-71, Prof, in Hartford Theological Seminary 71-87. 



THE MINISTRY 463 

(In 1878 dismissed from CI. Newark to Hartford South Assoc. Cor.g. 
Ch.). Prof, of N.T. Exegesis in Alleghany Sem. (Presbyt.) 

1887 , President of Faculty, Member N. T. Revision Committee, 

D.D., F. and M.C., 1870, P.E. 1894. LL.D., West. Univ. of Penn. 
Publications: "Lange's Commentary:" American edition. Vol. V. 
Epistle to the Romans. (Added Textual Notes, from chap. 5 onward; ed- 
ited, with additional Notes, from chap. 6 onward). 1869. "Lange's Com- 
mentary;" Am. ed. Vol. VII; epistles to the Galatians. Ephesians, Philip- 
pians and Colossians. (Edited Galatians; translated and edited Ephesians 
and Colossians; all with additional Notes). 1870. "Notes on the Inter- 
national S.S. Lessons 1877-81, International Revision Commentary, Vol. 
2-36, Meyer's Commentary on N. T., Vol. 2, Harmony of Gospels in Greek 
1885, Harmony of Four Gospels in English, 1886, Outline Harmony of 
Gospels 1895, ' Anti-Nicene Fathers, Vol. 7-8, Nicene and Post-Nicene 
Fathers, Vol. 6-10. 

More than 700 articles all told. See Manual, 1902. 
Riedel, F. W. A., b. Germany, Darmstadt Gym., N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. N.Y., 
S.S. Jeffersonville, 58-61, also at Thumansville, 60-1 ; became a Roman 
Catholic; returned 1867. Became Ger. Ref. (New Albany, 1867). 
Rieger, John Bartholomew, b. at Oberingelheim, Jan. 23, 1707; matricu- 
lated at Heidelberg, Feb. 24, 1724, as a student of philosophy; matric- 
ulated at Basle, Ap. 20, 1724; came to Philadelphia, 1731 ; Philadel- 
phia, 1731-4, supplied also Skippack and Germantown, 1733; Amwell, 
^■]; 1734-39 (?) Lancaster, Pa., 1739-43; returned to Holland, and 
matriculated at Leyden, Mar. 20, 1744. to study medicine; returned to 
America, Alarch, 1745; supplied Schaefferstown, 1746-.. . He also 
preached for the disaffected in the Raritan Dutch churches, 1736-7- Died 
1769. 
Why he left Heidelberg University for Basle University so soon, is not 
known. The congregation at Amwell would not receive him, until he had 
made an apology to Boehm -for intruding in the church of Skippack. This 
was done at New York in the presence of Domines Du Bois, Boel, and 
Antonides. He also then, 1734, promised submission to Classis of Amster- 
dam. He was at Lancaster during the Zinzendorf movement, into which 
he entered heartily. His church, therefore, turned against him. He now 
went back to Holland, and determined to study medicine at Leyden. He 
appeared before the Classis of Amsterdam on Nov. 5, 1743, and gave an 
account of the churches in Pennsylvania. On April 13. 1744. he wrote out 
his Report for the Classis, and made suggestions. He returned to Lan- 
caster in March. 1745. to practice medicine. The church was now occu- 
pied by Schnorr. "Dr. Good's Hist. Refd. Ch. in U.S." 
Riepma, Siert, F.. H.C. 1900, W^T.S. 1903, 1. by CI. G.R., Detroit, Mich., 
1903-05, Hospers, la.. 1905-08, Oklahoma City, 1908-11, Grand Rapids, 

Emmanuel 1911-14, Presbyterian 1914 

Ries, Geo. Adam. b. at Heringen. Ger.. Oct. 18. 1846. R.C. 72. N.B.S. 75, 

1. CI. Schoharie, Lawversville, 75-8, Scarsdale, 78-80, (Home Miss, to 

Poplar Bluff, by Presbyt. Bd., 82-86. Living at Oakland, Cal.). 

Riggs, Alex. Brown, b. Portsmouth, O., June 21, 1842; Jeff. Coll. 63, Aub. 

Sem. 69. U.S. 70. Fort Plain. 70-6. (Pres. Waterford. N.Y.. 1876-90, 

Cincinnati, 7th. 1891-1902. Inst, and Prof., Lane Sem., 1894 ). 

Rigg, Charles W., b. Constantinople, 1855. son of Rev. Elias Riggs, D. D.), 

P.C. 1886. N.B.S. 1894-5. Oberlin 1897. Congregationalist. 
Riggs, Jas. Forsyth, b. at Smyrna. Turkey. Oct. 4. 1852; C.N.J. 72. U.S. 
78. lie. bv Presb. of Morris and Orange. 78; ord. bv Presbyt. Eliza- 
beth. 78;" (Cranford. N.L. 78-84). Bergen Point 84-92. Prof, of N.T. 
Greek in N.B. Sem. 92-8. (East Orange. Brick Presb. Ch., 1898-1918. 
Died Ian. 24), D.D. by R.C. 1892. 



464 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Dr. Riggs thought in pictures and his preaching was marked by an unu- 
sual wealth of appropriate illustration. 

Publications: Inaugural address as Professor of Greek, N.B.S. 1892. 
Riley, Isaac, (s. of Rev. H. A. Riley, of Montrose, Pa., and son-in-law of 
Rev. Joel Parker, of Newark), b. in N.Y.C. Feb. 2, 1835; Y.C. 58, 
U.S. 61, lie. Presbyt. 1861 ; (Wilmington, Del., 61-4, Pottsville, Pa., 
64-7, Newark, N.J., 67-8. all Presbyt.) ; N.Y.C, 34th street, 68-75, 
(Buffalo, Westminster Ch., 1875-8), d. Oct. 23. See Manual of 1879. 
Ritchie, Frank C, S.S. Philadelphia, 2d, 1913, S.S. Lutheran Ch. Chalfont, 

Pa. 
Ritzema, Johannes, b. 1710; ord. by CI. Amsterdam, July 20, 1744: c. to 
America, 1744; New York City, 1744-84, (but absent from the city 
during the Revolution), Kinderhook. 1788-88. Also frequently offici- 
ated at Harlem, Philipsburgh, Fordham, and Cortlandt. One of the 
original trustees of King's (Columbia) College, 1754. Died Ap. 10, 
1796. 
The earliest reference to him in the "jMinutes of the Classis of Amster- 
dam," is as follows : 

Rev. Ritceina. Examination. 

1744, July 20. Art. II. Also were admitted to both final and prepara- 
tory examination. Rev. John Ritzema, called as minister at New York, after 
a sermon on Psalm 12.12; and Peter Brink, after a sermon on 2 Tim. 
2:19; in the presence of Rev. Deputatus Synodi, Rev. Cornelius Houthof, 
minister at Amsterdam. Therein they each gave the Rev. Assembly such sat- 
isfaction, that Rev. John Ritzema was ordained to the Sacred Office of the 
church in New York, with the laying on of hands ; and Rev. Peter Brink, 
to the public preaching office, as a licentiate. Minutes in Vol. XII., 72. 

His name does not appear in the printed catalogues of Leyden, Utrecht, 
or Groningen. 

He arrived in New York, with a wife and three children, pending the 
negotiations for a Coetus. The Classis of Amsterdam wrote to the church 
of New York a very flattering testimonial concerning him. He was a 
prominent member in all the meetings of the Coetus, and felt the incapacity 
of that body as much as any one, (1748-53). In September, 1753, it was 
proposed to make an effort to put the Coetus on a better footing, and to 
supply all deficiencies in its constitution. The next regular meeting (Sep- 
tember, 1754), was appointed for the handling of this matter, prior to all 
questions, and all the brethren were requested to be present. 

But during this interim the plans of the Episcopalians for a college, to 
be under their control, but supported by general taxation, reached their 
consummation. The Hon. Wm. Livingston had for several years fought 
these plans through the press, and had been sustained by all the citizens 
except the Episcopalians. He showed that an English Church Establish- 
ment was lurking under the scheme, and that it was eminently unjust to 
charter a college to be supported by all the people, but which would be 
controlled by a single sect. The Dutch were a majority in the Provincial 
Assembly, and the charter could not be passed without their help. They 
were therefore reminded that they were not dissenters, but came from a 
State Church, and they alone of all un-Episcopal bodies were able to ob- 
tain church charters. The Ministry Act of 1693 did not formally establish 
the Episcopal Church as such, and by name, but only provided for the 
scttliiu/ of (7 ini}iistry by lazi'. It was indeed explained by a subsequent 
Assembly that these ministers need not necessarily be Episcopalians. The 
Dutch Church was also sometimes called the Established Church. Now it 
was suggested that if the Dutch helped to pass the charter for King's Col- 
lege, they might have a Professorship of Divinity in the said college, and 
educate their ministers there, without the trouble, expense, and delay of 



THE MINISTRY 



46; 



sending them to Holland. The plan seemed eminently desirable in certain 
aspects. In the summer of 1734. Wm. Livingston complains that the Dutch 
had deserted him in his protests against such a college. 

In September. 1754. the Coetus met according to appointment to discuss 
the propriety of establishing an American Classis for the Dutch churches. 
Ritzema was president. The plan of a Classis, as proposed and discussed, 
was unanimously approved. The old Coetus was a useless body ; it had 
no foundation in the church order; it could pass no final sentnece; it 
could not of itself ordain. The proposition for a Classis was sent to the 
respective churches for their decisions, being signed by Ritzema and Ver- 
bryck as oflicers. They and two others were also appointed a committee 
to meet on the ist of April, 1755, to canvass the votes of the churches upon 
this matter. 

When the proposition was brought before the church of New York, 
(Oct. I, 1754), the Consistory declared that if a Coetus were useless, they 
believed a Classis would be still more so, and they would abide under 
the old condition, subordination to the Classis of Amsterdam. They re- 
leased De Ronde from his obligations to the Coetus as stipulated in his call, 
and Ritzema and De Ronde, with two elders, were to write to the Classis 
of Amsterdam concerning the position of the New York Consistory in this 
matter. The same committee were "to present a petition to the Assembly 
requesting liberty to have a Professor of Divinity for the Low Dutch 
Church," in connection with the new college. On Oct. 17, this committee 
wrote to Holland, expatiating on the uselessness of the Coetus. the neces- 
sity of a learned ministry, that American-made ministers would bring about 
a total separation of the Church from Holland, that partisanship ruled the 
Coetus: and hence they renewed their old relations to the Classis. and 
hoped that the request of the Coetus for a Classis would not prosper. But 
they do not mention in this letter their own petition, two weeks before, 
for a professorship in King's College! 

On Oct. 24, their petition to the Assembly was considered and received 
with apparent favor. But in the charter, signed Oct. 31. the Dutch pro- 
fessorship does not appear ! Wm. Livingston had warned them "that all 
their pretenses to sisterhood and identity were fallacious and hypocritical." 
It was because of these circumstances that Theodore Frelinghuysen, of 
Albany, took the course which he did. (Frelin'ghuvsex. Theodore). But 
the probability that the Dutch would secure a college of their own, to the 
ruin of King's College, led Ritzema, on his own responsibility, to make 
another attempt, and also prompted the Episcopalians eagerly to grant 
his request for this professorship. May 7, 1755. But the mass of the people 
were now disgusted at the duplicity which had been manifested, and Rit- 
zema's own Consistory severely censured him for his unauthorized con- 
duct. The professorship was gained indeed by an amendment to the col- 
lege charter, but an indignant people would have nothing more to do with 
it. No minister of the Dutch Church graduated from King's College until 
after the Revolution — a generation later. (B.vssett). 

Ritzema and his friends were now left in an awkward predicament. 
They had seceded from the Coetus. and their final success concerning the 
professorship in King's College was a useless victory. The peculiar cir- 
cumstances also, perhaps, drove the Coetus to some rash actions, but for 
the division of the Church, and the tedious Coetus and Conferentie strife, 
(1775-71). Ritzema was declared responsible. ("Centemiial Disc," p. 78). 
The Coetus now resolved itself into a Classis. (1755). and assumed all 
powers beloging thereto. Ritzema and a few others wrote letters annually 
to Holland as a Conferentie. (or an unorganized band of conferring min- 
isters), and in 1764. after two unsuccessful attempts of the American Class- 
is to bring them into their body, these conferring ministers organized them- 
selves into an Assemblv subordinate to the Classis. They claimed to be 
the original Ccetus. They had the Alinute-Book of the Coetus, and recorded 



466 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

their own letters and acts therein. A pamphlet controversy sprung up 
between Rev. John Leydt and Ritzema upon the questions at issue. ( Leydt, 
John). Until 1764, no elders had attended the meetings of the conferring 
ministers, (the Conferentie). In that year, anticipating the failure of the 
second effort for union, Ritzema had requested his Consistory to appoint 
elders as delegates, but they utterly refused, and Laidlie also refused to 
join the new assembly. Ritzema complained of this not a little. Meyer's 
independent position at Kingston was also very disagreeable to him, and 
he was largely instrumental in securing his expulsion from his pulpit. 
Ritzema was not present at the original meeting for union in October, 

1771, but his name stands first on the list of those who signed the Articles 
of Union, (after their ratification by the Classis of Amsterdam), in June, 

1772. After this he worked cordially in the Synod with Leydt, Meyer, 
and other former opponents. — "Ecc. Rec, N.Y.," very many letters. 
"Minutes of R.D.C. N.Y.," 1744-84. "Moore's Hist, of Columbia Col- 
lege," p. 25. "Gunn's Livingston." "Sedgewick's Life of Hon. Wm. Liv- 
ingston." "Centennial Discourses." p. 62-101. — "Alinutes of Coetus and 
Conf. and of the earlv Svnod." "Genealogy and Biog. Rec," ix., loi, 102. 
"Year-Book of Collegiate Ch.," 1884, 68. 

Publications : "Ware Vryheyt tot Vrede" beantwoort, ofte kortbondige 
wederleggig van het boekje van Do. Johannes Leydt waarin klaarlyk word 
aangewezen dat vrede zonder waarheyt niet mag gezogt worden. Zynde die 
Vergadering waarvoor zyn E. oykomt nog Coetus nog geauthorizeerd omte 
examineren nog promoveVen. Door liefhebbers van Waar heiden Vrede. 
Niew-York, 1761. Or, Reply to "True Liberty the Way to Peace," or "A 
Short Refutation of the little book of Rev. John Leydt, wherein is plainly 
shown that peace destitute of truth may not be sought, inasmuch as the 
assembly which his Reverence advocates is not a Coetus, and has no author- 
ity to conduct examinations. By lovers of truth and peace." New York. 
Printed by H. Gaine. 1761. — Aan den Eerwarden Do. Johannese Leydt. 
Philadelphia, 1763. Or. "To the Rev. John Leydt, Minister at New Bruns- 
wick." i2mo. pp. 38. Phil., 1763. This was Ritzema's rejoinder to Leydt's 
second pamphlet of 1762. — Extract uit de Handelingen van het Hoog Eer- 
waarde Christelyke Synode, van Noord-Holland, gehouden te Edam, van 
den 26th July tot den 4 Augustus, 1763. Met een nodige voor afspraah aan 
de nederduitse Gemeentens in de provincien van Niew York en Niew-Jer- 
sey, door Johannes Ritzema. New York, 1765. Or, "Extract from the 
Acts of the Rev. Christian Synod of North Holland, held at Edam, July 
26-Aug. 4, 1763, with a necessary introduction to the Dutch churches of 
N.Y. and N.J., by John Ritzema. i2mo, pp. 16. N.Y., 1765. 

We append here the title of the letter of the Classis of Amsterdam, which 
is in harmony with the three pamphlets of Ritzema, and against those of 
Leydt. 

Brief van de Wel-Eerwaarde Classis van Amsterdam, aaue de E. 
Heeren, predikanten en ouderlingen in de provincien van Niew-York en 
Niew-Jersie, die zich Coetus noemen. N.Y.. 1765. Or, Letter from the 
Rev. Classis of Amsterdam to the Rev. A/finisters and Elders in the 
Privinces of New York and New Jersey, who call themselves the Coetus. 
i2mo, pp. 15. N.Y. 1765. — Answer to the Remonstrance of Abel Harden- 
brook and others against preaching in English in the R.D.C. in N.Y. 
"Doc. Hist.," N.Y., iii. 310-314. Sept. 2;^, ^767. — A Sermon preached at 
Collum, Feb.. 1741. and in New York, Jan. 15, 1755. (MSS. in State 
Library, Albany). — Many letters in the Ecc. Rec. N.Y. 
Robb, John. North Hempstead, 1835-7, S.S. at Unionville, 1839. He died 

in his 6oth vear. 
Robbins, John V., R.C. 1829, N.B.S. 1829-30, d. 1830. 

Roberts, Herbert Bennett, b. Brooklyn. N.Y., Oct. 18, 1870; R.C. 91, 
N.B.S. 94, 1. CI. Ulster; Berne and Beaverdam, N.Y., 94-190T, Scotia, 



THE MINISTRY 467 

X.Y.. 1901 , Pres. P.S.A., Chairman Child's Welfare Bd. County of 

Schenectady. 

Robertson, James Lovejoy, b. 1837, Sept. 5. Steubenville. O., Geneva Col. 
(now united with Jefferson. 1857, Allegheny Sem. 1859, 1. by Pres. of 
Steubenville, 1857, (Pres .Geneva, • N.Y., 1859-67, Cincinnati, O., 2d, 
1867-70, Rochester, N.Y., ist, 1870-77, Cleveland, O., Euclid Av., 
1877-81. Cortland, N.Y., 1882-97, Galveston, Texas 4th, 1897-99. Yonk- 
ers, N.Y.. 1899-1903), Bronksville, N.Y., 1904-15, d. Jan. 4, 1916, D.D. 
by Geneva Col. 1898. 

Robertson, Noel. C.C. 1823, P.S. 1826, Wilmington, N.C., 1826-8, Miss, 
to Manayunk, 1828, d. Oct. See Manual of 1879. "Mag. R.D.C.," iii., 

Robertson. Samuel, b. near Troy, N.Y.. Mar. 28. 1784, W.C. 1812, P.S. 15, 
(Huntington, N.J., 16-23, Miss, at White Plains, 23-5, Dryden, N.Y., 
25-34, Stillwater, N.Y., 34-5). Canajoharie, 35-9- Schoharie, 1839-43, 
Westerlo. 43-8, (Miss, in Wis., 48-9, Winnecounee, Wis. 49-66) d. 
Sept. 22,. 1869. 
Robinson, S. N.. Cicero, N.Y.. 1854-6. 

Robinson, Wm. Lvle. b. Tan. 26. 1884. Roxbury, N.Y., Salvation Army 
Training School, 1908, Crozcr, T.S., 1913. 1. by M.E. Ch. 1908, ord. 
by Baptists 1910. (Methodist pastorate. 1908-10. Baptist. Sloansville, 
N.Y., 1910-11. East Chatham. N.Y., 1911-12, Poultney, Vt., 1912-15, 
Methodist, Rutland, Austinville. Pa., 1915-16, business, but supplying 

church, 1916-20). Schodack, N.Y., 1920-21, Kinderhook, N.Y., 1921 

Rockefeller, De Witt G., b. Albanv, N.Y.. Sept. 30. 1852, R.C. 1879, N.B.S. 
82, lie. CI. Albanv, Norwood Park. 111., 82-84, ( Presbyt.. New Scot- 
land. N.Y.. 84-88. W^hitehall. N.Y.. 89-92. Evangelistic Work, 92-96), 
Cobleskill and Lawyersville. N.Y.. 96-98. Stuyvesant. N.Y., 1898-1906, 
Mariners' Harbor, S.I., J[9c6-i3, West New Hempstead, 1913, d. Dec. 
10. Min. Gen. Svn.. 1914, 250. 
Rockwell, Charles. Y.C. 26, A.S. 34. 1. by Andover Assoc. (Chatham, 
Mass., 39-45, Pelham, N.H., 54-5), Kiskatom; 60-6, "Assoc. Ref." D.D. 
Died Ap.. 1882. 
Publications : Address before Greene Co.. N.Y.. Agricultural Soc. 
1864.— Add. before Bible Soc. of Greene Co., N.Y., 1865.— "The Catskill 
Mountains and the Regions Around ; Their Scenery, Legends and History ; 
with Sketches in Prose and Verse by Cooper. Irving. Bryant. Cole." etc. 
i2mo. pp. 3S. 1867. — "Foreign Travel and Life at Sea." 
Rockwell. Geo., b. Lewisboro'. N.Y., Jan. 17, 1821, N.B.S. 51, 1. CI. West- 
chester. Waterloo, N.Y.. 1851-4. Thousand Isles, 54-/7, Ja"- i- w. c. 
Died July 1. 1897. See Manual, 1902. 
PuBi.ic.'KTioxs : "Ebenezer." A Hist. Disc, of the Church of the Thou- 
sand Isles. — "Twenty Years' Ministry." 8vo. pp. 27. Watertown. 1874.^- 
"Descrip):ive Account of the Localities and Scenery Around Alexandria 
Bav. N.Y." These were afterward published as a Guide Book. 
Roddy, Joseph Stockton, b. Mt. Pleasant, Pa.. P. Univ. 1891. P.S. 1894, 
l.'by Pres. Carlisle. Pa.. 1893. (Pres. Dexter. la.. 1894-6, Evangelistic 
Wo'rk 1896-7, Harrisburg, Pa., 1896-08. Philadelphia. 1909-14, Olyphant, 
1914-17), S.S. North and South Hampton 1917-21. (Pres. 1st Glouces- 
ter City. N.J.. 1921 ), Ph.D.. Supt. Press Dept. Peim. C.E. Union 

1899-1906. 
Publications: History of Earlham Ch. History of Harrisburg Pres. 
Ch. Reports of C.E. Penn State Convention, 1898-1906. Articles for the 
press. 

Rodenberg, F. W.. Hartsburg. 1877. 

Roe. Sanford. W.. b. Brooklvn. Dec. 22. 1826. U.N.Y. 47. U.S. 51. ord. 
by Presb. Catskill, Aug. 18. 52, S.S. N. Bergen. N.J., 51-2, (Cairo, 
52-60. Jamestown. N.Y.. 60-6). Germantown. N.Y., 66-8, Brooktield, 
68-70, "Middleburgh. 70-6. Lebanon, N.J., 76-83, (S.S. Cairo, 83-9), 



468 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Tyre, 91-2, Plattekill, 1892-1903, d. Jan. 6, 1911, D.D. by U.N.Y., 1873. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1911, 262. 
Roe, Walter C, b. March 18. i860, w. c. 1881, (Missionary Fort Worth. 
1892-5, Dallas 1895-7), Miss, at Colony, Okl., 1897-1900, Columbian 
Memorial Ch. at Colony, Okl..i900-i9i3, d. March 12. 
Dr. Roe was especially qualified by God for his work among the In- 
dians. He was acquainted with both cultured and rude forms of life, and 
knew how to make those of many talents appreciate the limitations of those 
whose talents are few. His religion was practical and self-sacrificing. In 
spite of physical infirmity in his later life, he accomplished a great work. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1913, 898. 
Roeder, Charles W., b. Brooklyn, N.Y., Aug. 23, 1877, N.B.S. 191 1, 1. by 

CI. Monmouth, Middletown. N.J.. 1911-14. Flatlands, L.I., 1914 , 

Chaplain Daughters of Am. Revolution, L.I.. of 13th Regiment, N.Y. 
National Guard of N.Y., State Division of United Boys' Brigade of 
Am. 
Roetman, Zwier, b. Genemniden, Neth. H.C. 1905, W.T.S. 1909, 1. by 

CI. Holland, Ustick, Fulton, 111., 1909-12, Holland, Neb., 1912 

Rogers, Ebenezer P., b. N.Y.C. Dec. 18, 1807, Y.C. 1837, P-S. 1840, lie. 
1840, (Chicopee Falls, Mass., Cong. 1840-3, Northampton, 1843-7, Au- 
gusta, Ga., Presbyt. 1847-53, Philadelphia, 1853-6), Albany, 1856-62, 
New York, South, (5th Av. and 21st St.). 1862-81. Died Oct. 22, 1881. 
Elected a trustee R.C. 1858. D.D. by O.U. 1853. 
Publications: "The Obligations of the Female Sex to Christianity." 
1849. — "The Doct. of Election, stated in three Discourses." 1850. — "Earn- 
est Words to Young Men;" in a series of Discourses. 1851. — "The Pre- 
cious Things of Peter." — "A Pious Mother." 1853. — Hist. Disc. R.D.C. 
Albany. 1857. — "The Sovereignty of God in Calamity ;" on the loss of the 
"Central America." 1857. — "The Dignity of Teaching." 1857. — "Every- 
thing in Christ." 1858. — Annual Ser. before City Miss. Soc. 1858.— Ser. 
on "Death of John Knox." 1858. — Letter on "Death of Dr. Brownlee." 
i860. — Disc, at Fun. of Mrs. A. B. Talcott. 1861. — Ser. and Prayer on the 
"Death of Pres. Lincoln." 1865. — "In Voices from the Pulpit." — Address 
at the Semi-Centennial of Dr. Hodge. — Many contributions to the press. — 
"The Classmates, or The College Revival." (1852?). 

Rogers, John Archibald, b. at Oswegatchie, St. Lawrence Co., N.Y., Aug. 
9, 1855, Syracuse Univ. 1891, Aub. Sem. 94. 1. Presbyt. of St. Law- 
rence, Owasco, N.Y., 1893-1903. 
Publications: "The Story of a Century," or a Brief Hist, of Refd. Ch. 
at Owasco. 
Rogers, Leonard, b. 1803, N.B.S. 1832, 1. CI. N.B. 1832, Catlin 1832-3, Sand 

Beach. 1833-34, w. c. Died 1838. 
Rogers, Lester Cortlandt, b. Waterford, Ct., Dec. 11, 1829; W.C. 56, ord. 
58, by Seventh Day Baptists, N.B.S. 60 (pastor. New Market, N.J., 
57-68), Leonardsville, N.Y., 68-72, Milton, Wis., 72-6, Evangelist. Sab- 
bath Reformer and Lecturer. Prof, of History and Civics in Alfred 
University, 88-98. 
Publications : ' 'The Golden Link," and other poems, pp. 270, 1895. 
Rogers, Robt., Glenville, ist, 1898-1907, Ponds, N.J., 1907-09, Presbyterian 

1910. 
Rogers, Samuel J., b. at Orford. N.H., Aug. 27, 1832; R.C. 59, N.B.S. 62, 
1. CI. N.Y., Battle Creek, 62-5, Geneva. 65-72, Port Jervis, 72-6, Fort 
Plain, 76-9, (pastor of Cong. chs. in Iowa, 111., and Minn., 79-1900). 
Sec. of Minn. Cong. Assoc, also Sec. for Church Building Soc. for 
Minn. Supplying vacant churches, 1900-1910. Died May 3, 1910. 
Roggen, John A., H.C. 07, W.T.S. 191 1, 1. by CI. la. 191 1, Montana ist, 
Conrad, Mont., 1911-17, Monroe. S.D., Sandham Memorial, 1917-22, 

Hamilton, Mich., ist, 1922 

Romaine, Benj. F., b. 1820, R.C. 1842. N.B.S. 1842-3. 1. Assoc. N.Y. and 



THE MINISTRY 469 

Brookljn 1850, Editor of the "American Spectator" at Albany 42-57, 
S.S. Canajoharie 57-9, Canajoharie 59-62, Bound Brook 62-8, Sec. 
Coloniz. Soc, Ohio, 68-70, d. Jan. 16, 1874. 
Roindt-n, Fitch, S.S., German Flatts, N.Y., 1796-8. 
Romcyn, Benjamin (s. of Thos. Romeyn), b. 1774, and died just as he 

finished his theological studies, 1798. 
Romeyn, Dirck, (or Theodoric), (brother of Thos. Romeyn, Sr.), b. at 
Hackensack, June 12, (O.S.) 1744; C.N.J. 1765, studied theol. under 
J. H. Goetschius. licensed by the American Classis 1766, Marbletown, 
Rociiester, and Wawarsing, 1764-76, also occasionally supplied Upper 
Red Hook and Red Hook Landing 1773-5, Hackensack (ist), and 
Sciiraalenburg (ist), 1775-84, Schenectady, 1784-1804. Also Lector 
in Theology, 1792-7, Prof, in Theology, 1797-1804, d. April 16. Elected 
a Trustee Q.C. 1785. D.D. by R.C. 1789. 
He was of a strong and energetic mind, which he had trained by ex- 
tensive reading and study. He was a Boanerges in the pulpit, preaching 
Christ with power, strong in denunciation of sin and yet moving his 
hearers to tears. He moved with dignity and grace but without familiarity 
in all circles of society. 

He and Dr. Livingston were constant correspondents ; they discussed 
by letter all the important affairs of the denomination, during its formative 
period. He was the counselor of Senators, the adviser and compeer of 
the warriors of the Revolution, and an efficient co-worker with the patriot. 
He took the lead in his State in giving an impetus to the support and 
patronage of classical learning; he was greatly instrumental in the fovmd- 
ing of Union College at Schenectady.— "Doc. Hist.," iii., 600. "Gunn's Liv- 
ingston," ed. 1856, p. 383. "Taylor's Annals." "Sprague's Annals." "Cen- 
tennial of N.B. Sem.," 424. Manual, 1902. 

See Rev. J. B. Romeyn's Discourse V., in his "Vol. of Sermons," 1816, 
page 194, on his father. Rev. D. Romeyn. — Also Rev. J. H. Meier's sketch 
of, made from said sermon^ — See also Rev. Th. Romeyn's "Hist. Ch. of 
Hackensack," and Rev. W. E. Griffis's "Hist. Ch. of Schenectady." 
Romevn, lames, (s. of J. V. C. Romeyn), b. at Greenbush, 1797; C.C. 1816, 
N.B.S. 1819, 1. CI. N.B. 1819, Nassau 1820-7, Six Mile Run 1827-33, 
Hackensack 1833-6, Catskill 1836-42, Leeds 1842-4, Bergen Neck 1844- 
50, Geneva, 1850-1, emeritus, d. 1859. Elected a trustee of R.C, 1842. 
S.T.D. by C.C. 1838. 
He was a man of remarkable gifts but of so sensitive a temperament that 
he never occupied the commanding position which his abilities warranted. 
Very vehement in spirit yet he always kept his temper. See Manual, 
1902. 

Publications: "The Crisis and Its Claims." Before Gen. Syn. 1842. 
(See "Princeton Rev.," xiv. 632) — "A Plea for an Evang. Press." Before 
Am. Tract Soc. 1843. — "Report on the State of the Church." 1848. Ap- 
pendix to "Mints. Gen. Synod." A most elaborate and important paper. — 
"Enmity to the Cross of Christ." 1857. — Arts, in "Sprague's Annals," on 
Drs. J. H. Livingston and J. V. C. Romeyn. 

Romeyn, Jas. Van Campen (s. of Thos. Romeyn), b. at Minisink, Nov. 

15. 1765; Schenectady Academy, 1784, studied theology under D. 

Romeyn, 1. by Synod of D.R. Chs. 1787; Schodack and Greenbush, 

1788-94, Greenbush and Wynantskill, 1794-9, akso Taghkanick, 1788-93, 

Hackensack (2d), and Schraalcnburgh (2d), 1799- 1833, d. 1840, June 

27. Elected a trustee of (Jueen's Coll.. 1809. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1806-07. 

He was a man steadfast for the truth yet of such tact and wisdom that 

amid many occasions of dispute he was universally esteemed. He took a very 

active part in the endowment of Queen's College 1810. 

See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : "Address to the students Theolog. Sem." "Mag. 
R.D.C.," iv. 202. — "A Manife.sto," pub. in the Bergen Co. papers. 



470 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Romeyn, Jeremiah (nephew of Thomas Romeyn), b. in N.Y.C., 1768; 
studied under D. Romeyn and H. Meyer, 1. by Syn. R.D. Chs. 1788; 
LinHthgo, 1788-1804, Upper and Lower Red Hook, 1794-1806, Harlem 
1806-14, supphed Schoharie Kill and Beaverdam (Roxbury), 1814-17, 
supplied Woodstock, Dec, 1817-Feb., 1818, died in July, 1818. Also 
Prof, of Hebrew. 1804-18. 
He was able to combine different styles of sermonizing in a single dis- 
course with most peculiar and remarkable effect. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Romeyn, John Brodhead (s. of Dirck Romeyn). b. 1777; C.C. 1795, studied 
under Livingston, 1. CI. Albany, 1798; Rhinebeck Flats, 1799-1803, 
(Schenectady. Presbyt., 1803-4. Albany. Presbyt., 1804-8, New York, 
Cedar St.. Presbyt. 1808-25), d. Trustee C.C. 1809-25; Clerk of C.C. 
1811-15; Trustee C.N.J. 1809-25. S.T.D. by C.N.J. 1809. 
He left the Reformed Church in order to be near his honored father 
in his declining days. In New York he held his own among the leading 
preachers of America. At last his labors and an over sensitive disposition, 
broke his health. See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "A Tribute to the Truth." On the Controversy with 
Episcopacy. 1809. See "Christian's Mag.," ii. 429-441. — "The Danger and 
Duty of Young People." 1810. — "The Good Samaritan." A ser. for bene- 
fit of N. Y. Dispensary. 1810. — "Exhortation to the People." At the 
install, and ord. of Rev. Gardiner Spring. 1810. — A Ser. at the Opening 
of the Gen. Assembly. 181 1.— Sermons. 2 vols. 8vo, pp. 434 and 440. N.Y., 
1816. 

Romeyn. Theodore B. (s. of Jas. Romeyn) ; b. Oct. 22. 1827, R.C. 46, N.B.S. 
49, I. CI. Bergen: Blawenburg, 49-65. Hackensack, ist, 65-85, died 
Aug. 29. D.D. by R.C. 1868. 
Publications : Historical disc, delivered on the occasion of the re- 
opening and dedication of ist R.D.C. at Hackensack. 1870. — "Centennial 
Disc." preached in ist Ref. Ch. Hackensack. 1872. — -"The Adaptation of 
Ref. Ch. in America to the American Character." 1876. In "Centennial 
Discs." 

Romeyn, Theodore F.. b. 1760 (s. of Thos. Romeyn) ; studied under Liv- 
ingston ( ?), 1. by Gen. Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1783; Raritan 
and Bedminster, Nov., 1784-Sept.. 1785, d. 
His ministry was unusually spiritual and fervent, and was closed impres- 
sively in his sudden and early death. He was a gifted and extraordinary 
young man, and his brief career left a deep impression on many hearts. — 
"Messler's Mem. Ser.." 1783, p. 32. Some "Elegiac Verses" concerning him 
vi'ere composed by a lady, and published at the request of a member of one 
of his churches. The late Rev. George J. Van Neste possessed a copy. 
Romeyn, Theodoric, see Romeyn. Dirck. 

Romeyn, Thomas (Sr.). b. at Pompton. March 29, 1729; C.N.J. 1750, 
studied under Goetschius and T. Frelinghuysen, sailed for Europe 
April II, 1752, 1. CI. Amsterdam, Sept. 3, 1752; Success, Newtown, 
Oyster Bay, and Jamaica. i753-6o. Minisink, Walpeck, Smithfield, and 
Deerpark. Sept. 6, 1760-72. also occasionally supplying Clove Station, 
Sussex Co.. N. J.. Caughnawaga, 1772-94, d. Oct. 22. 
After preaching a few times on Long Island, he sailed, in April. 1752, to 
Holland, for ordination. At his settlement on Long Island, though a pru- 
dent man, he found it difficult to still the troubled waters. His call, also, 
was not unanimous. In 1757, De Ronde usurped authority by presiding 
at a meeting of the disaffected elements, and another minister was called. 
Romeyn, being a quiet and peaceful man, sought freedom from the strife in 
another field of labor. His call to the churches on L.I. is dated Nov. 10. 
1752.— "Ecc. Rec, N.Y.". "Taylor's Annals." "DeBaun's Commem. Ser- 
mon," in "Mohawk Valley Democrat," Nov. 22, 1894. 
Romeyn, Thomas, b. at Caughnawaga. 1777 (s. of Thos. Romeyn) ; U.C. 



THE MINISTRY 4/1 

1797, studied under D. Romcyn, 1. CI. Albany, 1798; Florida, 1800-6, 

Niskayuna and Amity, 1806-27, vv. c. 1827-57, d. 

He was of imposing appearance and respectable abilities. In 1827 he 

was obliged to resign pastoral duties, because of failure in health. In 1843 

he met with a fall, which crippled him for the rest of his life. — "Mag. 

R.D.C.," i. 301. 

ruBLiCATioxs : "A Charge to Rev. Jas. Murphy, Glenville." 1826. "Mag. 
R.D.C.," i, 301. 
Romig. Edgar Franklin, b. Allentown, Pa. Franklin and Marshall Col. 

191 1. Missionary at Syrian Protestant Col., Beirut, 1913-16. U.S. 
1918, 1. by Pres. of Lehigh 1918. Collegiate Ch., N.Y.C., Middle 

Ch. Ass., 1918-22, Pastor, 1922 . Sec. Ex. Com. N.Y. Evangelistic 

Com. Member Ex. Com. Am. Tract Society. Member Ex. Bd. Leyden 
Pilgrim Fathers' Soc. 

Publications: Article in press. 
Romondt (or Von Romondt) Chs. RoelofT, b. at Phillipsburg, St. Martins, 
West Indies, Ap. 21, 1821, R.C. 41, N.B.S. 45, 1. CI. New Brunswick, 
Prof. Modern Langs, in R.C. 46-59, Greenville. N.Y., 59-61, S.S. Cold 
Spring, N.Y., Oct. 6i-Jan. 63, w. c. Died at St. Martins, W.L, Nov. 
15. 1889. 
An affection of the throat interfered with ministerial duties. For twenty 
years, 1862-82, he served in a Government Department in Washington un- 
der successive political administrations. He had literary tastes, and skill- 
fully employed his pen in the preparation of articles for the press. He 
often supplied pulpits in the vicinity of Washington. He was "a faithful 
friend, and always the polite and affable gentleman." "Mints, of Gen. 
Syn.," 1890, 192. — "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1890, 16. 
Roof, Garret L., b. 1810, U.C. 1831, Auriesville and Glen 46-50, Port Jack- 
son 50-5, Southwest Troy 55-64, (Pres. Lowville, N.Y., 1864-74), d. 
1891. 
Roop, Marcus J., b. Dayton, Ohio, Oct. 2, 1871, Heidelberg Univ., Tiffin, 
Ohio, 93, N.B.S. 96, I. CI. N.B., English Neighborhood, N.J., 1896- 
1910. 
Roosa, Egbert, from Presbyt. of Columbia, Aliss. to Shokan 1828-30. Sho- 

kan (S.S.), 1831-4. (Bath, Presbyt). 
Roosenraad, Arthur C, b. Zeeland, Mich., Dec. 14, 1885, H.C. 1907, In- 
structor Latin and Greek P.P. Acad. 1907-09, N.B.S. 1912, 1. by CI. N.B. 

1912, Linlithgo, N.Y. (Johnstown) 1912-16, Astoria, ist, L.I. 1916-19, 
New Utrecht, 1919 

Roosevelt, Washington, b. 1802, Bronxville, 1857-73, ^v. c. Died Feb. 11, 
1884. 

Root, Oren, b. Syracuse, N.Y., May 18, 1838; Hamilton Coll. 56; lie. by 
Presbyt. Palmyra (Synod of Missouri), 74, ord. by same, 75; (Glas- 
gow, Mo., 75-.., Salisbury, Mo., ..-89, both Presbyt.), Utica, 89-94, 
Prof, in Hamilton College, 1889-1907, d. Aug. 27. D.D., R.C, 1891, 
L.H.D., U.C, 1895. LL.D., Upper Iowa Univ. 
Dr. Root found the business of his life in the professor's chair and his 

pastoral activity was second thereto. 

Publications: Several works on Elocution and scientific subjects. See 

Min. Gen. Syn., 1908. 235. 

Rosegrant (Roscnkrantz), Elijah, b. 1766; Q.C 1791, studied under Liv- 
ingston, lie. by the Partic. Synod of D.R. Chs. 1794; became a physi- 
cian at Paramus, d. 1832. 

Rosenbohm, Martin, b. Hanover, Ger. Acd. and Col. Dept. Theo. Sch.. 
Newark, Bloomfield Sem. 1909, 1. by Pres. of Morris and Orange. 
(Denver, Ger. Pres., 1909-11, Mycrville, Ger. Pres., 1911-19). Demp- 
ster, S.D., 1919-21. 

Rosendal, see Rozendal. 

Rosenkrantz, Ab.. b. in Germany. Canajoharie, 1750-S, German Flats, 



472 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1752-8, Stone Arabia, 1756-7, N.Y.C., Ger. Ref., 1758, Stone Arabia, 

1759-7^, German Flats, 1759-96, Schoharie, 1760-65, Canajoharie, 1767- 

75, d. 1796. 
On Dec. 20, 1758, forty German famiHes were dismised from R.D.C. of 
N.Y.C. to estabHsh the G.R.C., and Domine Ritzema was directed to install 
Rosenkrantz. — "Mints. Ch. N.Y. Eng. Trans. Lib.," B. 2'/2,. 

His name was at first written Rosen Krantz, and he was, at the time, the 
foremost divine west of Schenectady. He was a graduate of one of the Ger- 
man Universities, and a man of much learning for that day. He married 
Aliss Anna M. Herkimer, a sister of General Nicholas Herkimer. During 
the Revolution he was suspected of toryism; but his family relations and 
his superior intellectual ability enabled him to weather the political temp- 
ests. He retained his charge until his death. A few allusions to him in 
the Ecc. Rec. N.Y. 
Rosenkrantz (first name unknown, brother of Abraham). German Flats? 

—1752, d. 
See Daily Hist, of Montgomery CI. 47. 
Rosenkrantz, J. From Presbyt. of Utica ; S.S. Princetown, 1849-50. 
Ross, Thomas M., b. Aberdeen, Scotland, Dec. 26, 1889. Middlebury Col. 

1915. Bangor Sem. 1912. Yale School of Religion 1915-16. Ord. by 

Congregational Church 1912. Ridgefield, N.J., 1920-21, Brookdale, N.J., 

1921 

PuBLic.'\TioNS : Articles for press. 
Rothenberger, Israel, b. Sheffield township, Tippecanoe Co., Ind., June 

2},, 1857. Heidelberg Coll. at Tiffin, O., 83. Heid. Sem. 85, lie. St. 

Joseph Classis, G.R.C. 85, (Denver, Ind., 85-6, White Pigeon, Mich., 

86-9, Fort Seneca, O., 90-1, Plymouth, Ind., 91-9 Lindsey O., 1889-1901, 

Carrolton O., 1901-2), South Bend, Ind., 1902-1906. Reformed Church 

in U.S. 1906 
Rothenbergler (Rothenbiihler), Fred, b. at Berne, Switzerland, 1726; 

studied at Berne, ordained 1752 (Haag and Amsterdam, Holland, 1759- 

60, pastor Ger. Ref. Ch., London. England, 1760-1), Ger. Ref. N.Y.C, 

1761-2 (Ger. Ccetus), Philadelphia, Ger., 1762-5 (?), deposed, d. 1766. 

— "Harbaugh's Lives," ii. 386. 
Rottschaffer, Bernard, b. Jan. 2-7^ 1884, Netherlands, H.C. 1906, W.T.S. 

1909, 1. by CI. Holland. Missionary to India 1909 

Rottschaffer, WiHiam, b. Neth. Nov. 9, 1882. H.C. 1905, W.T.S. 1909, 1. ^ 

by CI. Holland, Oak Harbor, Wash., 1909-15, Pella, Adams, Neb.,' 

1915— 
Rou, Louis, b. in Holland about 1683; said to have studied theology at 

Leyden, but his name is not in the "Catalogue" ; ord. by Walloon Synod 

of Tertholen, Aug. 31, 1709; French Ch. of New York City, July 30, 

1710-50, d. Dec. 25. 
Zealous and talented, the young pastor looked forward to a useful and 
happy career in the New World. Many French refugees arrived in 1710, 
and the French Church was only inferior to the Dutch in numbers and 
wealth. Its building was large and beautiful. There was also a French 
Club existing in New York at this time. The most cordial relations ex- 
isted with all the other churches of the city. But his hopes were not real- 
ized. His young wife and son died soon after his arrival, and very per- 
plexing difficulties arose in the church, which continued for many years. 

In 1709 the French Church of New Rochelle conformed to the Church 
of England, which led to a schism in that church, as well as in the church 
of New York. Mr. Rou, although friendly with Episcopalians, refused to 
officiate for the separatists at New Rochelle. This displeased some of his 
church in New York, and they compelled him to receive a colleague in the 
person of Moulinaers, 1718, and who was more pliable. For half a dozen 
years, they labored amicably together. Rou was a man of learning, digni- 
fied and decided. Moulinaers was of a more pacific temperament. (See 



THE MINISTRY 473 

MouLiNAEKs). We will not here follow out the difficulties which ensued. 
Diverse accounts are given of them, and there was a tedious litigation 
about the original contract with Mr. Rou. Mr. Rou retained his pulpit, 
and his salar\- was paid him, but some of the best men left the congrega- 
tion. Those who opposed Mr. Rou secured the enmitj- of the Governor. 
Rouse, Peter P., b. 1798, at Athens, N.Y.; U.C. 1818, N.B.S. 21, 1. CI. N.B.; 

Florida, 22-8, Brooklyn, 28-33, d. June 4. See Manual of 1879. 
Rowan, Stephen, b. at Salem, N.Y., 1787; U.C. 1804, studied under J. H. 
Meyer and Jer. Romeyn, 1. CI. N.Y., 1806; Greenwich, N.Y.C., 1807- 
19 (8th Presbyt., Christopher St., N.Y.C.), 19-25; Sec. of Soc. for 
Amel. Condition of the Jews, 25-35, d. S.T.D. by C.C. 1822. 
At the early age of six he had received deep impressions of religion, hav- 
ing been nurtured in truth by the kind and faithful instructions of a pious 
mother. At Greenwich his zealous and faithful labors were abundantly 
blessed, but at length an unhappy ditYerence caused him to leave that 
church, and to found the Eighth Presbyterian Church in Christopher Street, 
in which many of his personal friends and converts of his ministry united. 
Here great success also attended his labors. For many j'ears he was the 
efficient secretarj' for the society whose object was to ameliorate the con- 
dition of the Jews, visiting Europe in this behalf. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : Two Sermons on "Insensibility, under the Calls of God 
to Repentance." 1812. A Ser. at ord. of Rev. Richard V. Dey, at Green- 
field, Ct., 1823. — "Jacob's Address to Laban." A Sermon at Greenwich, 
N.Y.C., Aug. 8, 1818, at the announcement of his resignation. 1818. In- 
cluding Appendix, containing several acts of the Consistory. See also 
"Reply to Rowan's Ser.," being a Report thereon by the Consistory. 8vo, 
pp. 44. 1818. — "A Review of the Reply." 1819. — "Rowan's Miscellany." 
See "Mag. R.D.C.," iv. 289. Also "Evang. Guardian and Rev.," May, 
1817. — Disc, on the death of Rev. Dr. J. B. Romeyn. 1825. — "Obsequies 
of Adams and Jefferson," 1826. 
Rowland. Jonathan M., b. 1804; Beloit Coll. 26, P.S. 28; South Brooklyn, 

1851-3, d. Oct. 2. See "P. Sem. Gen. Cat." 
Rozendal, Anthony, b. St. Anna Parochie, Prov. of Friesland, Nether- 
lands, Dec. 17. 1868; H.C. 97, N.B.S. 1900, 1. CI. Wis.; Hamilton, Mich., 
19CO-1904, Oostburg, Wis., 1904-07, Sheldon, la., 1907-09, Holland, 
Neb., 1909-12, Leighton, la., 1912-17, Castlewood, S.D., 1918-22. Clas- 
sical Missionary, Classis of Dakota, 1922 

Rubel, Johannes Casparus. b. Mar. 6, O.S. 1719, educated in Germany, c. 
to America, 1751. Philadelphia, Ger. Ref., 1751-5, Camp, Red Hook, 
and Rhinebeck, Ger.), 1755-9, Brooklyn, Flatlands, Flatbush, New 
Utrecht. Bushwick (and Gravesend), 1759-83, said to have been also 
minister at Cortlandt Manor, 1768, at Clarkstown, Orange Co., N.Y. 
1770. 1784, deposed, died 1797, March 19. See "Min. G.S.," i, 109. 
A zealous Conferentie man. 
He was styled by the German Coetus, in 1755, "the rebellious Rubel," 
and requested to resign his charge. He claims also to have been minister 
in the manor of Cortlandt, 1769, and in Clarkstown, 1770. He was a vio- 
lent Tory, calling the American soldiers "Satan's soldiers," and frequently 
denounced from the pulpit, in violent language, the cause of independence. 
He was also accused of drunkenness and bad treatment of his wife. — H. 
Onderdonk, Jr. Ecc. Rec. N.Y. 
Rubinkam. R. I., Philadelphia, 2d. 1880-5. 

Rudolph. John, b. Oct. 5. 1853, at Sohreiberhan, Silesia, Germany; studied 
at Zulliotan, Brandenburg, Germanv. Bloomfield Sem. 75, lie, Presb. 
of Newark (Elizabeth, N.T.. 75-89,' Presb.), Hoboken ('Ger.), 1889- 
1920. Died March 21. Ph.D.. D.D. 
Publications: "In Germany." three vols, of poems; tour vols, of stor- 
ies. "In America," six vols, of stories. — Sermons and ."Addresses. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1920, 282. 



474 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Rudy, John, b. in Switzerland, 1791, studied under Helffenstein, 1. O. 
Maryland (G.R.), 1821, (Guilford, N.C., 21-3), Germantown, N.Y., 
23-35. also supplied Red Hook Landing; Miss, to the Germans in 
N.Y.C., 35-8; Ger. Evang. Miss. Ch., N.Y.C., 38-42, d. 
While a student in Philadelphia, he made himself very useful in holding 
prayer meetings among the Germans, and visiting the poor and sick. He 
removed from North Carolina to the North, because the climate did not 
agree with him. He exerted a great influence for good on the Hudson, 
where his memory was long embalmed in the affections of the people. But 
in visiting the city he was deeply impressed with the necessities of the 
German population there. He resolved to devote himself to their welfare. 
He therefore resigned his pleasant settlement, and moved to the din of the 
metropolis. He preached at first in a hired room to a very few. By un- 
wearied labors, soundness of judgment, prudence, and consistency of con- 
duct, he at length built up a church of three hundred members. Crowded 
as they were, he resolved to seek to secure for them a proper edifice. The 
Collegiate Church gave them the use of a lot on Houston Street, and he 
raised, by personal effort, $10,000, and a fine edifice rewarded his labors. 
But he took a cold in his subsequent arduous pastoral duties, which soon 
terminated his life. His loss was deeply felt. He left a good report among 
all the brethren. His mind was well balanced, and his judgment sound. 
He was distinguished for a practical wisdom which combined discretion 
and prudence with zeal, fidelity, and perseverance, and which proved an 
important element in all his success. His piety was warm, decided and 
active. His spirit wa? uniformly cheerful without levity, and this com- 
bined with his discretion secured him access, confidence, and attachment. 
He was connected with the the Tract Society for the diffusion of evan- 
gelical literature among the Germans. 

Ruhl, Fred. W., b. Giessen, Germany, June 23, 1847. R.C. 68-71, N.B.S. 1884. 
1. CI. Albany, Tyre 84-7, Prattsville 89-91, Cicero 91-2, Manheim 92-5, 
Grahamsville 95-98, M.E. Church 1901-3. Died Sept. 12, 1904. Alin. 
Gen. Syn., 1905, 284. 
Ruigh, Douwe Cornelius, b. Ackley, la.. Mar. 25, 1872, H.C. 96, N.B.S. 
99, lie. and ord. by CI. Dakota, Sioux Falls, S.D., 1899-1900. Wor- 
tendyke, N.J., 1900-2, Missionary to China 1902-1905. Teaching in 

Japan, 1905 

Ruissaard, Martin C. b. Zeeland. Neth., Feb. 11, 1877. H.C. 1905, W.T.S. 
1908, 1. by CI. Holland, Grandville, Mich., 1908-10, Otley, la., 1910-15, 

Shebovgan, Wis., Hope, 1916-21, Gibbsville, Wis., 1921 

Ruliff son, 'Edward J., b. South Gilboa, N.Y., 1872. Boston Evangelical 
Institute 1895. Fenton Normal Col. 1901, 1. by Berkshire Ass., Cong. 
Minister. (Cong.. S. Warelesbon, Vt., 1895-7, Olia, Mass., 1897-9, 
West Wareham, Mass., 1899-1903). Gilboa, N.Y. and South Gilboa, 
1904-08, Grand Gorge and Prattsville, 1908-12. (Cong., Deansboro 

N.Y., 1915 ). County Sec. Y. M. C. A. War Work. Field Agent, 

Farm Bureau. Work during War. 
Publications : Editor Dept. of Poultry Husbandry. Rural Editor of 
Waterville Times, 1913-15. 

Runk, Edward Johnson, b. N.Y.C., Nov. 5. 1858, C.C. 1879, U.S. 82, ord. 
CI. Westchester, Nov. 9, 82; Bronksville, 82-4, S.S., N.Y.C.. 84-7, Cold 
Spring, S.S., 87-8, pastor, 88-95, w. c . Broken in health. Name removed 
from roll 1918. 
Runkel, John W., b. in Palatinate, 1749; 1. by Ger. Coetus, 1777: Shippens- 
burgh, Carlisle, Lower Settlement, and Hummelstown, Pa., 1777-81 ; 
the same, with Lebanon and Donegal, 1781-4. Frederick, Md., 1784- 
1802, Germantown, Pa.. 1802-05. New York (G.R.), Forsyth St. 1805- 
12, Gettysburgh. Emmetsburgh. and Taneytown. 1815-19. Gettysburgh, 
1819-23. d. 1832. 
See Manual, 1902. 



THE MINISTRY 475 

Russman, Eilt K. Dubuque Col., la. 1894, Dul)uque Sem. 1894, 1. by Pres. 

of Waterloo, 1899. (Pres. West Granville, Wis., 1895-99, Carnarvan, 

la., 1899-1909). Monroe, Aplington, la., 1909-21, Ellsworth, Hethel, 

Minn., 1921 

Rust, E. C. Pekin, 111., 1894-5. 

Rutte, Jacobus Marie, b. Rotterdam, Netb., Feb. 26, 1837. Univ. Utrecht, 

N.B.S. 1867, 1. l)y CI. N.B. 1867. Paterson, N.J., 6th (Hoi.), 1867-73. 

Returned to the Netlierlands and served there, d. July, 1895. 
Ryder, Stephen Willis, b. Rockledge, Fla., Feb. 10, 1880. Y.C. 1909, N.B.S. 

1910-11, Free Ch. Col., Glasgow, 1911-13, N.B.S. 1913, 1. by CI. N.Y., 

1913. Ass. Pastor, North Ch., Passaic, 1913. Missionary to Japan, 

1913 

Plblicatioxs : Articles on Mission Work in Japan. 
Ryerson, Abram G., b. 1817, R.C. 39, N.B.S. 42, 1. CI. Passaic, Gorham, 

43-6, Wyckoff, 46-64, Principal of a Public School in Paterson, 

1868-1886. Died Feb. 18, 1887. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1887, 435. 
Rysdyck, Isaac, matriculated University of Groningen, Sept. 14, 1751, of 

Groningen, Hopewell, New Hackensack (and Poughkeepsie, "M.G.S." 

i. 31-37), 1765-72, Fishkill, Hopewell, and New Hackensack, 1772-89, 

resigned, d. 1790. 
"He was," says Dr. Brownlee, "in his day, considered the most learned 
theologian in the Dutch Church. He was familiar with the classics. He 
wrote in Greek, but especially in Latin, with as much facility as in his na- 
tive Dutch, and in the University of Groningen he was as familiar with 
Hebrew as with his mother tongue. But great as were*his attainments in 
the sacred and profane classics, his theological readings and attainments 
were no less extensive and accurate. His sermons were specimens of the 
analytical form of discussion. The body of them were judicious and mas- 
terly dissertations, and the applications were practical and full of affec- 
tionate consolations, warnings, and reprovings." He was of commanding 
])ersonal appearance, and,, in his manners, an old-time gentleman. Accord- 
ing to the custom of those days, he usually rode on horseback, wearing a 
cocked hat, and white flowing wig, and the customary clerical dress. On 
the Sabbath he rode up to the church door, where the sexton was waiting 
to take his horse, and dismounting would pass into the church and kneel 
in silent prayer, at the foot of the pulpit. He was also principal of a 
classical school at Fishkill, in which John H. Livingston and other 
eminent men received their earlier education. Synod indorsed his academy' 
in 1772. He was received in 1765 by his congregations with great love and 
joy. He belonged to the Conferentie party, but never manifested much bit- 
terness of spirit, and at the second meeting in 1772, to adopt articles of 
union between the parties, he was made president. He lived in troublous 
times, both for church and state. Many of his congregation were Tories 
in the Revolution, and party spirit ran high. — See "Kip's Hist. Dis." "Mag. 
R.D.C.," ii. 244. Ecc. Rec. N.Y. "Sprague's Annals." 

Sahler, Wm. Louis, b. High Falls, N.Y., July 18, 1875. L.F.C. 1901. 

N.B.S. 1904, 1. by CI. Kingston. Germantown, N.Y., 1904-10, Har- 

lingen, N.J., 1910 

Publications : Articles for religious press. 

St. John, S.S., Cortlandt, 1858-65. 

Salisbury, John Henry, b. at Catskill, N.Y.. Feb. 16. 1852; R.C. 75, N.B.S. 

78. iic. CI. Greene; Coxsackie, 2d. 78-88 (Trenton. N. J., 4th Presbvt. 

88-1891, Jan. 10). D.D. by R.C. 1890. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Salisbury', Wm. Blenheim, 1831-4. 
Sangree, Henry Hudson, b. in Pa., 1857. Mercersberg Col. 80, U.S. 83. 

Currvtown and Mapletown, 88-93. For other details, see "U. Sem. Gen. 

Cat." 



4/6 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Sanson, Joh R., b. Patcrsonville, N.Y., Dec. 28, 1840, U.C. 65, Xenia 
T.S. and P.S. 69. (Pres., Charlton, N.Y., 1868-74. Riverton, N.J., 1876- 
86, Alartinsburgh, Pa., 1886-91, Roxborough, Philadelphia, 1891-95, 
Morrisville, Pa., 1899-1901), S.S., Griggstown, N.J., 1903-20, d. Dec. 3. 
(Never a Reformed Minister). 
Sargent, C. Cassius. Presbyterian. S.S., Owasco. N.Y., 1905-10. (Pres. 

Cato, N.Y., 1910-12, Liverpool, N.Y., 1912 ). 

Sauerbrunn, Louis Frederick, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., July 6, 1877. Bloom- 
field Academy 1897, Princeton Univ. and Sem. 1900, 1. by Pres. of 
Brooklyn 1901. Ord. by N. CI. L.L, 1901. Elmhurst, Newtown, 
Ger. Ref., 2d, 1901-04. Glen, N.Y., 1904-05, Ghent, N.Y., ist, 1905-08, 
Schodack Landing. N.Y., 1908-12. (Pres. Chester, N.J., 1912-16). 

North Branch, N.J., 1916 

Saul, George, Hackensack, N.J., (Ger.), 1874-5. 
Saure, E. B., Linden, N.J., 1907-12. 

Scarlet. George W.. R.C. 1880, N.B.S. 83, 1. CI. Raritan, Peapack 83-88. 
New Hurley, 88-95, Havana, 111., 95-1901, Macon, Mich., 1902-09, S.S. 
Macon, 1909- ic. 
Scarlet, John H.. b. Elizabeth, N.J., Dec. 24, 1850, R.C. 79, N.B.S. 82, 1. by 
CI. Raritan. (Pres. Amwell, United, ist, 82-85). Union and Jerusa- 
lem 85-93, Gilboa 93-1900. Retired because of poor health. 
Schaats, Gideon, b. 1607, 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1651 ; Rensselaerwyck, 1652- 
94. supplied also, at times, Schenectady. Died Feb. 27, 1694. 
He had been a schoolmaster at Beest, Holland, before coming to America. 
During his pastorate at Albany, Gov. Andrews compelled him to receive as 
a colleague Van Renslaer, an Episcopalian. (Van Renslaer). Not be- 
ing a union of love, it is not surprising that it was lacking in harmony. 
Van Nieuwenhuysen, of New York, assisted him in his troubles, and gained 
a victory over the Governor. (Van Nieuwenhuysen). But Renslaer 
was soon removed by death. During the latter part of his ministry, 
Schaats had difficulties with his congregation, to which were added also 
domestic troubles. He was a Voetian in hermcncutics. — See "Doc. Hist.," 
iii, 70-72, 529-534- "Col. Hist.," ii, 653, 707. "O'Callaghan's New-Neth.," 
n, 567. "Brodhead's, N.Y." "Ecc. Rec, N.Y." 
Schaefer, see also Shafer. 
Schaefer. Daniel, b. Oregon, 111., Sept. 27, 1857; (Mission House Col- 

^ lege. Sem. 82 , 1. CI. Minnesota (Refd. Ch. U.S.), Bongards, Minn., 

82-7), Ramsay, la., 87-93, Parkersburg, 1893-1908, S.S. Stout, la., 
1902-08, Pastor 1908-12, Bristow, la., S.S. 1913-14. 
Schaefer, Frederick, b. Germanv, Feb. 6, 1854, Mission House Col., H.C. 
1883, 1. by CI. Philadelphia Ref. Ch. U.S., (Nevsho, Mo.. 1884-6), 
Aplington, la., 1886-1908, Scotland, S.D., 1908-18, P.E. 
Schaefer, John, b. Rockvale township. Ogle Co., 111., Mav 10, 1869, H.C. 

93. W.S. 96, 1. CI. Holland, White Rock Centre (or Elim), 1897 , 

Zoar, la., (Washington), Ackley, 1903-11, Alexander, la., 1912-20, 

Cromwell Centre, la., 1920 

Schafif, M. Bloomfield Sem. 1911. S.S., Worthing, S.D., 1911-12. In 

business. 
Schanck, Garret Conover, b. at Matawan, N.T., Sept. 14. 1806; R.C. 28, 
N.B.S. 2,2. 1. CI. N.B.; Miss, at Marshallville, Jan.-July, zy, Walpeck, 
33-5. Clover Hill, 35-37. Pompton Plains, 37-53. w. c. Died Sept. 17, 
1888. Elected a trustee R.C. 1866. D.D. by R.C. 
His pastoral work was very successful and his life as a minister without 
charge was an object lesson in godliness. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Schaul, Ulysses Simpson, b. Sedalia, Mo., Jan. 10, 1867; Univer. Pa. 
1892. U.T.S. 95, 1. CI. Saratoga: Easton, N.Y., 95-98, Wynantskill, 
N.Y.. 1898-1906. Presbyterian 1906. 



THE MINISTRY 477 

Schcfer, Jolian Daniel. Rhinebeck. N.V. (Ger.), 1/94-9. and Germantown 
and Ghent. N.V. 

Schell, L. S.S., Cicero, N.Y., 1866. 

Schenck, Cornelius, b. Weston, Somerset Co., N.J., Sept. 5, 1856; R.C. 
1879, N.B.S. 82, 1. CI. N.B.; Philadelphia, 4th. Sj-j. Plainfield, Trinity, 
1887-1908. P.E. 1908-19, d. May 2. Ph.D. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1919, 

923- 
PuBLicATio.NS : "Hist. Disc. 4th Ref. Ch., Philadelphia," 1885. 
Schenck, Ferd. S. (s. of M. L. Schenck), b. Ulster Co., N.Y., Aug. 6, 
1845; C.N.J. 65. Albany Law School, 67; Attorney-at-Law, 67-9; 
N.B.S. 72. lie. CI. Ulster; Clarkstown, 72-7, Montgomery, 77-90, Hud- 
son, N.V., 90-97, University Heights, N.Y.C., 97-9, Prof, of Practical 
Theology, New Brunswick Seminary, 1899 . Lecturer on the Liter- 
ary Study of Bible. Univ. N.Y., 1897-19CO. Acting Professor R.C. 
igc^-o"?. 1907-08. Acting Professor. P.S., 1909-10. Member Council 
Univ. N.Y., 1898-9. Pres. Gen. Syn.. 1892. D.D.. R.C, 1890. LL.D.. 
R.C. 1906. 
Publications: "The Ten Commandments in the Nineteenth Century." 
— "The Bible Reader's Guide." Sermon, as Pres. of Gen. Synod, at In- 
auguration of Prof. Jas. F. Riggs. 1892. "The Ten Commandments and 
the Lord's Prayer." 1902. "The Brick Ch. Memorial" ; "Hist, of R.D.C 
Montgomery. Orange Co.. N.Y." 1882. "Modern Practical Theology." 
""The Sociology of the Bible." "Christian Endeavor and Ethics." "Young 
People's Hist, of the Christian Church." "The Oratory and Poetry of 
the Bible." "The Apostles' Creed in the 20th Century." "Expository Ser- 
mon on Heidelberg Catechism." Many contributions for the press. 
Schenck. Geo., b. Matawan. 1816, Y.C 37. N.B.S. 40. 1. CI. Pough- 
keepsie. Bedminster 1840-52, d. See Alanual of 1879. See Funeral 
Sermon, by Rev. T. W. Chambers. "Sprague's Annals." 
Publications : "Music," an Address at Somerville. 1849. — "Second 
Coming of Christ." 1843. 

Schenck, Harold William, b. Plainfield, N.J., July 6. 1892. (son of Rev. 
Cornelius Schenck). R.C. 1913. N.B.S. 1916. 1. by CI. Newark. Frank- 
lin. Nutley. N.J., 1916 

Schenck, Isaac Stryker, b. at Weston. N.J., Ap. 26. 1852. R.C. 73. N.B.S. 
76. lie. CI. N.B.. Rosendale 77-80. Ghent, 2d, 80-96. w. c. Died Sept. 
6. 1920. 
He was an invalid for many years. See Alin. Gen. Syn.. 1921. 631. 
Schenck. Isaac Van Wart. b. White Plains. N.Y.. Dec. 6, 1846, West- 
minster Coll., Mo., 64, P.S. 67, ord. by Presb. N.B. May 18, 69 (Ham- 
ilton Square. N.J.. 69-80. Philadelphia (Eastburn Mariners' Ch.), 80-3. 
Portage. Wis., 84-7. Mt. Olivet. Brooklyn, 88-94), Newark. Christ Ch. 
94-9, w. c. 
Schenck. Jacob Wyckoff, b. at Weston, N.J.. 1849. R.C. 70. N.B.S. 73, lie. 

CI. N.B.. Ghent, 2d. 73-9. d. Feb. 15. See Manual of 1879. 
Schenck. John Van Neste. b. at South Branch. N.J.. Feb. 21. 1842, R.C. 
62. N.B.S. 65. lie. CI. Geneva, Owasco Outlet. Sept. 28, 65-7, Pompton 
Plains. Oct. 23, 67-71. d. Sept. 28. See Manual of 1879. 
Publications : "Hist. Disc, at Reopening of Church of Pompton 
Plains." 1871. (Posthumous). 

Schenck. John W.. b. in N.J. 1825. R.C. 45, N.B.S. 49; 1- CI. N.B., Tarry- 
town. 49-51. Chatham, 51-3, Bedford, now East Brooklyn. 53-5. Ithaca, 
=;5-63, New Brunswick, 63-6, Philadelphia, 3d, 66-8 ( Pottsville, Pa., 
Presbyt.. 68-72). Claverack. 72-1881. Died Dec. 28. 
Schenck. Martin L.. b. at Six Mile Run. N.J.. 1817, R.C. 37, N.B.S. 40. 
1. CI. N.B.. Plattekill. 40-53, Fort Plain. 53-7. Rocky Hill. 57-65; White- 
hall, 65-9, Plattekill. 69-73. t)ied March 11. 
He was converted during the great revival in Rutgers College in 1837, 
and with twelve others resolved to studv for the ministrv. He was of a 



478 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

delightful disposition, a practical pastor and successful preacher. He died 

in the midst of his usefulness. See Manual, 1902. 
Publications: "The Harmony of Heaven." 1855. — Address at Fun. of 

Dr. Ostrander. In "Memorial." 

Schenck, Wm., b. near Marlboro, N.J., Oct. 13, 1740, C.N.J. 1767, studied 
theology with Rev. Wm. Tennent, lie. by Presbt. of New Brunswick, 
1770 (Allentown, N.J., Presbyt. 1771-77), North and South Hampton, 
1777-80 (Pittsgrove, N.J., Presb., 1780-6, Ballston with Freehold and 
Milton, N.Y., 1786-93. Huntington, L.I., 1793-1817), w. c. Died Sept. 
I, 1823, in Franklin Co., O. See "Rev. T. W. Wells' Hist. Disc," 

1877. 
He was descended from RoelofTe Martense Schenck, who settled at 
Amersfort, L.I., in 1650. Gen. Robt. C. Schenck, Rev. Wm. E. Schenck, 
D.D., Sec. of Bd. Pub. Presbyt. Ch., Philadelphia, and Rev. Garret C. 
Schenck were of the same family. He shows an analytical mind, and an 
extensive knowledge of Scripture, and withal sounds the gospel trumpet 
most sweetlv." — See "Rev. Alex. S. Hoyt's Hist. Disc," Ballston, N.Y., 

1875. 

Schermerhorn, Cornelius D., b. in Schoharie, 1780. U.C. 1797, studied under 
Livingston, lie. 1803, Schoharie Kill 1803-09, Blenheim 1803-07, S.S. 
Dyse's Manor 1803-18. 
He is said to have been settled in Canada in 1823. He was ready to join. 
McDowell there as early as 1819. He died in 1830. 

Schermerhorn, Harvey R.,*b. at Schodack, N.Y., 1835; N.B.S. 62, 1. Ck 
Albany ; Germantown, 62-5, Principal of Riverside Scm., at German- 
town, 65-9, Principal of Hudson Academy, N.Y., 69-74, Pella, 2d, 
75-9, Prof, of Rhetoric and Belles-lettres in Central Univ., Iowa, 76-81, 
Prin. of Spencer Academy for the Choctaws, at Nelson, Indian Terri- 
tory, 1881-1890. (Pres. McAlester, Okl., 1890-1900. Hartshorne, 
Okl., 1900-1921, d. March 4). 
Schermerhorn, John F., b. Sept. 24, 1786, U.C. 1809, from Cong. Ch. 1813, 
Middleburgh, 16-27, Sec. of Missions, 28-32. In Dec, 35, he was agent 
to make a treaty with the Cherokees at New Echota, but the Indians 
with whom he negotiated were afterward said by the tribe to be unau- 
thorized, and in 1837-8, the Cherokees petitioned Congress for its nulli- 
fication. Died March 16, 1851, at Richmond, Va. 
He was a son of Barnhardus Freeman Schermerhorn and Ariantje Van 
de Bogert. He was a very eloquent man, and while Secretary of Missions, 
1828-32, raised far more money than had ever been collected before in 
Dutch churches for Benevolent Societies. But difificulties arose between 
an old and new Mission Board which were very unpleasant for a time 
(1831-3), but which were finally amicably adjusted. (See minutes of these 
Boards of the General Synod, and the "Christian Intelligencer," where 
full accounts are found, and Schermerhorn vindicated). There was prob- 
ably a published memoir of him, but it has not been found. 
Scheulke, Paul F. See Schulke, 1904. 
Schick, G. B. S.S., Bayonne, 3d, 1875. 

Schiebe, Henry, b. Germany, student in N.B.S. 1856-8; perished at sea in 
the burning of the Austria, 1858. He had returned to Germany during 
this vacation to visit his affianced, in company with a fellow-student, 
Philip Berry. On their return voyage the vessel caught fire, and 
Schiebe was drowned. 
Schief¥er, John Daniel. See Schefer. 
Schild. See Shield. 

Schilstra, Elbert Sybrandus, b. in Java, E. I., Apr. 18, 1872; at Gym- 
nasia in the Neths. ; W.S. 95, 1. CI. Holland; Jamestown, Mich., 1896- 
19:0; visited Netherlands, 99, Sayville, L.I., 1900-1910, Westfield, 

N.D., Hope. 1910-13. Doon, la., 1913 

Schilstra, Sybrandus Ales, b. at Ulst, Friesland, Neths., Aug. 31, 1840; 



THE MINISTRY 4/9 

Rotterdam Missionary Association, 1869, lie. by said Assoc. ; in Java, 

at Cheribon, Oct. /C-Dec. 70, Bandong, Dec. 70-May "ji, Socmedang, 

May, 72-Jan. 81. Soekaboemi, Jan. 8i-Dt'C. 81, in the Netlierlands, 

81 -Jan. 92; Rochester, N.Y., May, 92- Apr. 1901, supplying churches, 

1901-16. d. July 26. In Java preached in the Soenda and Malay 

languages; at Rochester in Dutch. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1917, 251. 

PuBLitwTioxs : Many articles about the Java Mission. — For ten years 

editor of the "Kleine Zendbode" ("Little Messenger"), in the Holland 

language. 

Schipper, Henry, b. Dec. 28. 1872, Zeeland, Mich. H.C. 1899, W.T.S. 1902, 
1. by CI. G.R., 1902. Sioux Falls, S.D., 1902-05, Springfield, S.D., 
Immanuel, 1905-09, Harrison, S.D., 1909-13, Chicago, 111., ist, 1913-18, 

Grand Haven. Mich., ist, 1918 

(Schlatter, Michael, b. at St. Gall, Switzerland, 1716, Gymnasium of St. 
Gall : Sab. evening preacher, at Lintenl)uehl. 1745-6, agent to Ger. 
Chs. in Pennsylvania, from Synod of N. and S. Holland, 1746; Phila- 
delphia and Germantown, 1747-51; visited Holland. 1751-2; Philadel- 
phia, 1752-5; also Sup. of Charity School Agency; chaplain in Royal 
Am. Reg. 1757-9, supplied Barren Hill and Franklinville, Pa., occas- 
ionally, 1759-77, d. 1790). 
He was descended from a pious parentage, confirmed in his fourteenth 
year, and placed under the instruction of Prof. Waegelin, in his native 
town. But a roving spirit soon manifested itself, leading him to forsake 
his home without consultation with, or consent of, his parents. He went 
to Holland. In the course of the year, he returned, and resumed his studies, 
and was accepted as a candidate for the ministry when only fourteen 
years of age. He spent most of the next fifteen years of his life in Hol- 
land, being ordained in that country, and engaged, much of the time, in 
teaching. In 1746, he offered himself to the Synod of North and South 
Holland, as a missionary and agent to the destitute German churches in 
Pennsylvania. His mission was to organize the already existing congrega- 
tions into churches, and to unite them more closely together, for mutual 
encouragement and support, as well as defense against unauthorized preach- 
ers ; and to establish formal and authorized correspondence with the Classis 
of Amsterdam. He found the German churches, about 46 in number, 
comparatively independent. There were here at the time of his arrival 
about 30,000 German Reformed. He came with authority from the mother 
Church to organize and consolidate the Reformed churches of America, as 
they were found among the Germans. Much of his time was taken up by 
his long tours into the interior. He visited the various settlements in New 
Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. In October, 1746, he in- 
vited the regularly ordained ministers, namely Dorsius, Boehm, Weiss, 
and Reiger, to meet in a Coetus, or Synod. Preparatory steps were taken- 
for organization. In May, 1747, he visited New York, to consult with 
Domines Du Bois, Boel, and Ritzema, respecting the organization of a 
German Synod. This Synod, or Coetus, was organized Sept. 29, 1747, and 
consisted of thirty-one ministers and elders. The Dutch Coetus in New 
York had been organized on Sept. 8th. of the same year, with about half 
as many. In 1749, Mr. Steiner, a man of popular gifts, arrived, and some 
of the people, captivated by him, wished his .services in place of those of 
Wx. Schlatter. A sad contention arose with many bitter fruits. The case 
was submitted to arbitration, and decided in favor of Mr. Schlatter. Yet 
the wounds remained, and these difficulties were ultimately the occasion of 
a visit to Europe by Mr. Schlatter, from which increased good came to the 
German churches. This visit to Europe took ])lace in 175 1-2. The Classis 
of Amsterdam, in .session on his arrival. ai)i)ointcd a committee to confer 
w-ith him, and to report. A lengthy report of the condition of the American 
churches was drawn up and presented to the Synod of N. and S. Holland in 
print. He also made a verbal appeal. The Synod was highly interested in 



480 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

the work, and furnished him with means to visit Germany and Switzerland, 
especially to seek to secure ministers to return to America with him. He 
found six ministers willing to accompany him. namely, Otterbein, Stoy, 
Waldschmid. Frankenfeld. Rubel, and Wissler. and collected some means, 
and seven hundred German Bibles, five hundred of them being in folio. 
But the work did not end here. Appeals were further made by those who 
had been interested in the cause of the American Reformed churches of 
German origin, and a fund of £12.000 was soon collected in Holland, the 
interest of which was devoted to the support of ministers and schoolmas- 
ters in Pennsylvania; and so interested became George II. of England in 
the matter, that through his help and influence £20.000 were raised there 
for the maintenance of free schools among the Germans in America, to be 
under the inspection of Mr. Schlatter. He held this position till 1757. For 
thirty-six years the Reformed in Pennsylvania and vicinity continued to 
receive help from this fund, though in gradually decreasing amounts, till 
1791. The highest amount sent over was about $2,100 of our currency, in 
1755. The moneys in England were obtained through the solicitations of 
Rev. Mr. Thompson. English minister in Amsterdam, and a member of that 
Classis. The Holland funds, in part at least, went through the London 
Society. As far they were for the support of the gospel, they were dis- 
tributed through the Coetus ; as far as for the maintenance of free schools, 
they went through the trustees appointed for that purpose. 

When Mr. Schlatter returned to America, his general superintendency of 
the churches was contitiued by the Synod of Holland, while he also again 
took charge of his old congregation in Philadelphia. But a spirit of jealousy 
was excited against him on account of his powers. The enemies of the 
Free School scheme, also, did their utmost against him. Saur's newspaper 
was especially vehement. The Coetus. therefore — unjustly, no doubt — 
removed him from his general superintendency in 1757. He then ac- 
cepted of a chaplaincy in the Royal American Regiment, which was about 
to proceed to Nova Scotia. He was present at the sieges of Halifax and 
Louisburg. which gave the death-blow to the dominion of the French in 
that part of America. "There." says Bancroft, "were the chaplains, who 
preached to the regiments of citizen-soldiers, a renewal of the days when 
Moses, with the rod of God in his hand, sent Joshua against Amalek." — 
"Hist. U.S.," iv. 300. 

After his return home he supported himself partly from his labors on a 
small farm on Chestnut Hill, named by him Sweetland. and partly from the 
perquisites of wedding fees, he almost monopolizing that business. He 
also preached at Barren Hill and Franklinville more or less frequently. He 
was driven into this retirement by the jealousy and opposition waged 
against him. The active usefulness of his life was compressed into the 
brief space of thirteen years. His earnest labors had only excited the 
ignorance and prejudice of those whom he would have benefited. The free 
schools, which he advocated, his enemies declared were meant for the 
enslavement of the Germans to the English. The people ignorantly believed, 
and lost the services of a most useful man. How similarly have the friends 
of intelligence and humanity often been served ! 

Shortly after the opening of the Revolution, he felt impelled to take the 
side of freedom. He had. up to this time, retained his chaplaincy in the 
British army, but being now ordered for service, and declining, he was 
imprisoned and his effects destroyed. He was. however, by some means 
soon released. He lived in his declining years near his former home on 
Chestnut Hill. He was the intimate friend of Dr. Muhlenberg, who was 
the patriarch of the Lutheran Church for forty years. 

Mr. Schlatter was possessed of great physical health and mental vigor. 
He had also a cheerful disposition. In his old age his appearance was very 
venerable. He was of lymphatic temperament and mild appearance; of 
medium size and weight. His hair was bushy, and as white as snow, nicely 



THE MINISTRY 481 

parted, hanging down to his shoulders. He was always careful to present 
a gentoc! appearance. He entered with sympathetic joy into the cheerful 
spirit of the young. He was remarkably easy and friendly in his manners, 
and full of vivacity. He excelled in pure, innocent humor and wit. He 
was of a catholic spirit in reference to others, ever keeping himself well 
informed of the general movements in the world, political and religious. 
He was ever deeply interested in the civil affairs of his adopted country. 
He had not the least particle of bigotry or sectarianism. He had the tact 
of organization in an eminent degree. His preaching was solid and in- 
structive, though not eloquent or fascinating. His perseverance and in- 
dustry were untiring. — See "Schlatter's Interesting Life," by Harbaugh, 
Philadelphia, 1857. ("Bib. Sac," x.x. 16). "Ecc. Rec, N.Y.," many letters. 
ALso "Sketch of Schlatter," bv Dr. J as. I. Good, in his "Early Fathers of 
Ref. Ch.," 1897. Dubbs, 278. 

Publications : Gertrow verhaal van den waren toestand der meest her- 
derloozer gemeentcns in Pennsylvanien en aangrensende provintien, 
voorgestelt en opdegraden met nederig versoek om hulpe en bystand aan 
de .... Synodens van Nederland, enz. Met eene aanpryzende voorrede 
van de Gecommitteerde der Classis van Amsterdam. 4to, pp. xxii. and 
56. Amsterdam. 1751 ; or, A true history of the real condition of the desti- 
tute congregations in Pennsylvania, by M. S., Evangel. Ref. Minister in 
Philadelphia, addressed in the Dutch language to the very Rev. Christian 
Synods in the Netherlands, and other charitable Christians ; and now 
translated into the German language by the author, and dedicated to the 
Hon. Ref. Magistrates and Ministers of the Swiss Confederacy, together 
with an Introduction by the Commissioners of the Classis of Amsterdam, 
Feb. 6, 1752. (This work was soon afterward translated into English by 
Rev. Mr. Thompson, Eng. Ref. minister in Amsterdam, and distributed 
throughout Great Britain and Scotland, and it received very liberal 
responses). A copy of this work was sold in 1882, at E. B. O'Callaghan's 
sale, bringing $35. 

This appeal, including Schlatter's interesting journal of his labors in 
Pennsylvania, are given in full by Harbaugh in his life of Schlatter. 
(Harb.\ugh). 

Schlegel, Charles, b. Thullingen, Wurtemberg, Germany, Mar. 20, 1863; 
Ger. Theolog. School, Bloomfield, N.J., 95, lie. by Ger. Refd. Ch. ; 
Norfolk St. (now 68th St. Ger.), 1896-1905. (Presbyterian 1905). 
Schlegel, Jacob, b. St. Gall. Switzerland, Sept. 6, 1850 (From G.R. Ch.) ; 
N.Y.C., Ger. Evang. Ch., Av. B and 5th St., 1877-1909, d. Oct. 27. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1910, 831. 
Schlieder, Albert Henry (son of F. E. Schlieder). See Von Schlieder. 
Schliedcr, Fred, Ernst, b. at Gleina, Germany, Oct. 26, 1838; N.B.S. 65, 
lie. CI. N.B.; West Leyden, 65-72, Forreston, 111., 72-81. Plainfield 
and Raritan, 4th, 81-6, Canarsie, 86-9, West Leyden, 1889-1907, d. Feb. 
3, 1915. Min. Gen. Syn., 1915, 603. 
Schmidt, H. T. Forreston, 89-93. 
Schmidt, N. Parkersburg, 1884-5. 

Schmitz, William, b. at Crefeld, Germanv, Apr. 28, 1857; R.C. 1881 ; 
N.B.S. 84, 1. CI. N.Y.; Pottcrsville, N.J., 84-86, Roxbury, N.Y., 86- 
90, (Presbyt. Greenwich, N.Y., 90-92), Fultonville, N.Y.. 1892-1901, 
Rocky Hill, N.J., 1902-04, Philadelphia, Talmage Memorial, 1904-07, 
S.S., Lower Walpack, IQ09-16, Linden, N.J., 1917-20. 
Schmolz, Carl. (From Lutheran Church), Thumansville, 188 1-2. 
Schneegas, Charles HoU, b. Wjettenbcrg, Germany. Bloomfield, Col. and 
Scni. 1893, 1. bv Pres. Newark 1893. (Davenport, la., 1893, Camden, 
N.J. , 1893-8, Stapleton, N.Y., 1898-1904, Plainfield. N.J. (Ger.), S.S., 
1905-12. Pres., Chazy, N.J., 1913). Stuyvesant. N.Y., 1913-18, Sprak- 
ers and Currytown, N.Y., 1919 



482 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Schneeweiss, Franz M., b. in Eisenerz, district of Bruck, Austria, Jan. 29, 
1831 ; studied Philosophy in University of Gratz, 46-7; studied Law 
in University of Vienna, 47-8; came to America, 50; N.B. Sem. 55; 
lie. and ord. bv CI. of New Brunswick; New Brunswick, 3d (Ger.), 
1855-8, w. c. Died May 15, 1888. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Schnellendruessler, Herman Frederick Francis, b. in Brandenburg, Prus- 
sia, Oct. 4, 1819; Gymnasium of Gumbinnen, Prussia; c. to America, 
1852; N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. N.Y. ; Albany, 4th, 1855-64, chaplain, i6th 
Regiment, Heavy Artillery, U.S. Volunteers, 1864-5, Callicoon (Thu- 
mansville), N.Y., 1866-9; also Milesville, 1869, Warren, N.J., 1869-70, 
w. c. ; died Sept. 20, 1898. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Schneyder, Geo. W., applied for licensure to Gen. Meeting of Mins. and 
Elds., 1785, but was refused. ("Mints. Gen. Syn.," i. 133, 136). Li- 
censed and ordained by Ger. Coetus, 1785 ; Schoharie, 1785-7, Beaver- 
dam, 1785-9, Frederick, Md., 1788-9. 

(Schnoor (Snorr), Casper Ludwig. Lancaster, Pa., 1744-6, Germantown 
(East Camp). N.Y., 1746-9 (?) ) — "Ecc. Rec, N.Y.," several letters. 
"Harbaugh's Lives," ii. 380. 
One of the third party on his list of marriages, at East Camp, is a person of 

his own name (no doubt himself) to Barenke Van Scheich, Dec. 16, 1746. 

He was an ecclesiastical vagabond, guilty of many misdemeanors, and 

finally found guilty and punished. 

Schnucker. George, b. Aflendorf, Hessen, Germany, May 14, 1874; Col- 
lege Depmt. Bloomfield Sem. 96, N.B.S. 99, 1. S. CI. L.I.; Hope Ch., 
George, la., 1899-1902. Peoria, 111., 1902-07, Silver Creek, German Val- 
ley. 111., 1907-16, Aplington. la.. 1916 — — . S.C. CI. P.P. 1902 . 

Pres. P.S. Chicago, 1907. Pres. P.S. Iowa, 1920. 
Publications : Psalmen und Lieder — Hymn Book for German Churches, 

1906. Die Ostfriesen in America, 1917. Ass. Editor Hymns of Ref. Ch., 

1920. Ass. Editor Der Mitarbeiter. 

Schock, James T., b. Centerton, Salem Co., N.J. ; Wesleyan University, 
Ct. 1876; lie. bv N.J. Conference of M.E. Church; Prin. Public 
School, New Brunswick. N.J.. 76-87; ord. CI. N.B. 1888; Bound 
Brook. 88-92. Keyport, 92-97. Prin. Keyport Public School, 1897-1905, 
Bernardsville School, 1905-06. Business, d. Aug. 10, 1912. Min. Gen. 
Syn., 1913, 891. 

Schoeffer, J. D., b. in Germany. German Reformed Camp, 178.. -98 (?), 
Schoharie, 1800-1820, S.S., Cobbleskill, 1810-16. 

Schoenfeldt. Christian, b. Garry, Prussia. Gosner's Missionary Sem., Bre- 
lin, N.B.S. 1857-8. 

Schoerk, George J., Presbyterian, Newtown. 2d. (Ger.), L.I. 1907-18. 

Schoff, Max. Candidate, CI. Pleasant Prairie. 1911. 

Scholten Dirk. b. at Zutphen. Neths.. Dec. 26. 1852. H.C. 83, N.B.S. 
83-4. W.S. 84-6. 1. CI. Iowa, Luctor. Kan.. 86-91. Muscatine. la., 91-6, 
South Blendon. 1896-1908. Classical Missionary. CI. Bella. 1908-11, 

Edgertovyn, Minn., 1911-14, Classical Missionary, CI.' la., 1917-20, Classical 
Missionary, CI. of West Sioux 1920. 

Scholten, George Benjamin, b. Luctor, Kan., Dec. 13. 1889, H.C. 1911, N.B. 
S. and W.T.S. 1916, 1. by CI. Iowa 1916. New Hurley. 1916 

Scholten, Walter Augustus, b. Muscatine, la.. H.C. 1918, N.B.S. 1921, 1. 
by CI. N. B., Tarrytown, N.Y.. ist. 1921 

Scholz, Charles, b. in Silesia. Germany, about 1835. (Columbus, Neb. 
(Evang. Luth.). 18.. -88). Flatbush. L.I.. 2d (Ger.), 98-1900, d. 
Mar. 5. See Alanual, 1902. 

Schomp, William Wyckoff. b. Bedminster. N.J.. Nov. 19. 1853, R.C. 
76. N.B.S. 79. 1. CI. Raritan, Glenham, N.Y., 79-85, Marbletown and 
North Alarbletown, N.Y., 85-92, Athens, N.Y., 93-97, Walden, N.Y., 
1897-1911. Supplying church. 



THE MINISTRY 483 

Publications: "Hist. Address at 150th Anniv. of Ch. of Marbletown," 
1888. Sermon on "Proclaim Liberty to the Captives," July 7, 1900. Other 
Sermons in local press. 

Schoon, J. H. Lennox, 2d, S.D., 1890-1909, and Worthing, S.D., 1900-1909, 
Alexander, la., 1909-11, Cromwell Centre, la., 1911-14, Buffalo Centre, 

Kan., 1914 

Schoonmaker, Henricus. b. in Rochester, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1739 (son-in- 
law of J. H. Goetschius) ; studied under Goetschius, lie. by the Amer- 
ican Classis. 1763. Poughkeepsie and Fishkill, 1763-74, Aquackanonck, 
1774-99, Belleville (S.S.) 1784-94, Aquackanonck and Totowa, 1799- 
1816. Died 1820. 
He gave early indications of piety, under the short pastorate of Henricus 
Frelinghuysen, at Alarbletown. He was a warm friend of the Coetus. 
When called to Fishkill and Poughkeepsie, he was strongly opposed by 
the Conferentie party, so much, indeed, that when the Ccetus ministers as- 
sembled to ordain him, in Poughkeepsie, they found the church in the 
possession of his enemies, and barred against them. The committee, de- 
termined not to be frustrated, had a wagon placed under a large tree in 
front of the church, and the ordination sermon was preached thence, by 
John H. Goetschius. of New Paltz and Shawangunk, and on bended knees, 
in the wagon, the candidate received the laying on of hands. A young man, 
John H. Livingston by name, was present, and deeply interested in the 
whole scene, and said to one of the elders, at its conclusion, "Thank God, 
though the opponents have succeeded in excluding him from the church, 
they have not succeeded in preventing his ordination." Mr. Schoonmaker 
was greatly admired for his ardent piety and faithful ministerial labors. 
He was. in his time, the most eloquent and impressive speaker in the Dutch 
language in this country. Though meeting with much opposition from the 
Conferentie, his ministry was greatly blessed. He was contemporary, in 
his tield, though of opposite ecclesiastical sentiments, with the learned 
and polished Rysdck. .'\fte4- the death of Professor Meyer, of Pompton 
and Paterson, he was called to succeed him at the latter church, in con- 
junction with Aquackanonck. He could not preach well in English, and as 
the use of the Dutch language, was declining in his first charges, and he 
was unwilling to injure his usefulness by awkward attempts at English 
preaching, he accepted the call to New Jersey, where the Dutch was yet in 
use. He resembled the celebrated Professor Romeyn, being, like him. a 
Boanerges. His style was nervous, eloquent, and powerful. He was the 
last but one of the early ministers who continued to minister only in Dutch 
till the end of their lives. A warm friendship existed between him and Dr. 
Livingston, and he was one of the efficient organizers in the formative 
period of the Church. — See "Kip's Hist. Dis." "Sprague's Annals." "Ch. 
Int.." vol. ii. 123. 

Schoonmaker, Jacob, b. at Aquackanonck. N.J., May 11, 1777 (s. of Henricus 

Schoonmaker) ; C.C. 1799, studied under Froeligh and Livingston, lie. 

CI. Paramus, 1801 ; Jamaica and Newtown, 1802-49, Jamaica, 1849-50, 

d. 1852. Elected a trustee of Rutgers Coll. 1828. S.T.D. by D.C. 1831. 

As a preacher, he was evangelical, logical, and instructive, and in every 

way an admirable specimen of a minister of the gospel. He is said to have 

left his papers to his .son Richard. They were boxed up and sent to 

Waterford. "The Journal of the Conferentie" is said to have been among 

them.— See "Rev. G. L Garretson's Disc, at Quadragenian Anniversary of 

Schoonmaker at Jamaica," 1842. "Sprague's Annals." Manual. 1902. 

Publications: "Charge to Rev. Jas. Otterson." 1828. "Mag. R.D.C.,' 
iii. 119. — "Letter on Hist, of the Church." "Mag. R.D.C," iv. 371. — Art. 
in "Sprague's Annals" on Rev. J. H. Goetschius. 

Schoonmaker. Martinus. b. at Rochester, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1737; read the 
classics imder Goetschius. 1753-6, studied theology under Marinus, lie. 
1765; Gravesend and Harlem, 1765-84, Flatbush, Brooklyn, New 
Utrecht, Flatlands, Bushwick, and Gravesend, 1784-1824, d. 



484 THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA 

See Manual, 1902. 
Schoonmaker, Martin V., b. Newtown, L.I., Aug. 11, 1816; U.C. 3Q. N.B.S. 
42, lie. by S. CI. L.I. East New York, 42-49, Walden. 49-88, w. c. Died 
June 13, 1899. D.D. by R.C. 1877. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Schoonmaker, Richard Ludlow (s. of Jacob Schoonmaker), b. at Jatnaica, 
L.L, 1811; R.C. 1829, N.B.S. 32. 1. CI. L.L; Waterford. 32-5, (St. 
Augustine, Fla., 35-6, Presb.) ; Harlem, 37-47, North Hempstead, 47- 
52, Waterford, 52-6, Amity, 56-61, Rotterdam, 2d, 61-71, chaplain at 
Sing Sing Prison, 71-6, Greenville, 76-80, Glen. 80-82, d. June. 
He was of genial and winning disposition and of much pulpit power. 
Publications: Fun. ser. on death of Sarah J. Treadwell, 1851. 
Schork, George J. See Schoerk, George J. 
Schriver, Thomas Gibson. R.C. 1847. N.B.S. 1848-9. Teacher, d. July, 

1884. 
Schroeder, A., from G. R. Ch. ; Hackensack (Ger.), 1864-9. 
Schroeder, Paul E. A. From Hervomde Kirk, Neth. 1915. Forrestville, 
Wis., 1916-18, East Overisel, Mich., 1918-21, Atwood, Central Lake, 

Mich., 1921 

Schroepfer, Ernest, 1. CI. Westchester, 1851 ; Melrose (Ger.), 1855-61; 
to "Lutheran Ch.," 1864. Letter of his enterprises, Dec. 30, 1852, in 
"Ch. Int." 
Schulke, Paul F., b. Thorn, Germany, May 13, 1847. University of Koenigs- 
burg. Studied Theology in Wis. (Ref. Ch. U.S.). Pekin, 111., 2d, 
1876-80, Washingtorr, Ackley, la., 80-91, Pekin, 111., 2d, 1891-1903. 
Instructor in German H.C., 1904-05. Curator of Museum H.C., 1905-14. 
S.S., Pekin, 2d, 1914-15. Curator of Museum H.C., 1915-17, d. April i. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1917, 258. 
Schults, Emanuel, L.L City. Laurel Hill, 1878. 

Schultz, Jacob I., b. at Rhinebeck, 1792, U.C. 1813, N.B.S. 16, 1. CI. N.B. 
Rockaway and Lebanon, 16-34, Middlebush, 34-8. d. 1852. 
See Manual of 1879. 
Schultz, John Newton (son of Jac. 1. Schultz), b. at Lebanon, N.J., June 
II, 1819, R.C. 39. N.B.S. 42, 1. CI. N.B., Vanderveer, 111., 1843-5, 
Washington. 111.. 49-51, Centreville. Mich., 53-5. Battle Creek. Mich.. 
55-7. (Presbyt., preaching at Crown Point and Bristol, Ind.). Died 
at Menardsville. Tex., Nov. 8. 1888. 
After giving up the pulpit he held an official position in the Indiana 
State Prison, at Michigan City ; taught freed men in the South ; was a 
chaplain in U.S. Army; and an Evangelist in Texas. His life was one of 
privation and hardship, but he was a devoted Christian. He walked from 
place to place, in Texas, preaching the Gospel. "Biog. Notices of Grads. 
R.C," 1889, 16. 

Schulz, Herman W. J.. Presbyterian, Bayonne. 3d, 1904-09. (Presby- 
terian, Paterson, N.J., 191 1 

Schujnacher, Gustave, b. Germany, July 7, 1864, Bloomfield Sem., 1888. 
(German Miss. Nyack. N.Y., 1888-90, Broadway Presb. Paterson. 1890- 
1900, German Presb. Rahway, 1900-02). Brooklyn, Church of Jesus, 
1902. Died Dec. 13. Min. Gen. Syn., 1903, 524. 
Schuneman, Johannes, b. at East Camp, Aug. 18, (O.S.), 1712, studied 
under T. Frelinghuysen and Goetschius, 1. CI. Amsterdam, Jan. 9. 
1753- Catskill and Coxsackie, 1753-94. d. May 16. Also at Shawan- 
gunk and New Paltz. 1753-4. Also supplied Kaatsban, 1762-93, Hills- 
dale, 1776-87, Schoharie, 1782-3. Taghkanick, 1785-6. 
His father, Herman, immigrated under the lead of Kocherthal and 
company, 1708. (Kocherthal). He was deeply impressed, religiously, 
in early life, and under the instructions of Rev. Theodore Frelinghuysen, 
of Albany, was led to enter the ministry. On Nov. 12, 1751, he was in- 
vited to become the pastor of the churches of Catskill and Coxsackie, pro- 



THE MINISTRY 485 

vided he would go to Holland to prosecute his studies, and receive ecclesi- 
astical orders. The church offered to defray his expenses. This proposi- 
tion was made, although the Coetus was in full operation. He went in 1752, 
and returned the following year in August. His pastoral field, embracing 
two large congregations, was very extensive and laborious. He v/as zeal- 
ous, preservering and strong, physically, and for forty eventful years he 
preached the truth in that region. He was a short, corpulent man, and had 
a powerful voice, and his ministrations were effective. In ecclesiastical 
matters he sympathized with the friends of church independence, and 
naturally, therefore, also belonged to the party of freedom in the Revolu- 
tion. The interests of religion and politics were almost identical to his 
mind, and no one took a deeper interest in the success of political inde- 
pendence. He traversed the wilderness generally alone, between his 
churches, when he knew that his person was a coveted prize to the enemy. 
But he went in faith, and in ])repaartion for defense. Domine Schuneman 
is the hero in Alurdock's "Dutch Domine of the Catskills." He was also 
a physician. He was one of the original trustees of Queen's College. — 
See "Ch. Int.," vol. ii. 107; also Jan. 20, 1876. "Hist. Ser. by Rev. G. R. 
Livingston." Ecc. Rec. N.Y. "Doc. Hist.," iii. 328, 332 ; "Col. Hist.," 
v- 53- "Sprague's Annals." Funeral sermon by Rev. Peter Van Vlierden. 
A copy is in N.Y. Hist. Soc. Library. See also "Hist, of Greene Co., N.Y." 
Schureman. John. b. near New Brunswick, Oct. 19, 1778, Q.C. 1795, studied 
under Livingston, lie. by CI. of Albany, Sept. 4, 1799, Bedminster, 
1801-7, Hillsborough, 1807-9, ^'ew York, 1809-12, Vice-Pres. of Rut- 
gers Coll. 12-18, New Brunswick, 1813. Prof. Moral Phil, and Bel. 
Let. in Rutgers Coll. 13-18, Prof. Ecc. Hist, in N.B. Sem. 15-18, d. 
May 15. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1800. AM. bv R.C. and C.N.J. 
1801 ; S.T.D. by C.C. 1816. 
He was one of the worthies of our Church — a man greatly beloved and 
confided in. He had nothing very remarkable in his appearance or man- 
ner. A stranger on meeting or passing him would probably have thought 
or said. "There goes a sensible, kind-hearted, unpretending, humble man." 
His constitution of body was rather frail from his childhood, and needed 
care on his own part, and indulgence on the part of those to whom he min- 
istered, to keep him at all in a proper condition for the pastoral work. 
When called to New York, he sustained his reputation, and competed suc- 
cessfully with some of the most popular city ministers. He could not 
preach anything but a solid, judicious discourse, logically arranged, and 
therefore lucid in every part, and symmetrical. In his style he was not 
strong or sparkling, but simple, clear, neat, direct. In manner not rapid, 
or fervid, or impassioned, but very distinct in his enunciation, just in em- 
phasis, affectionate in tone, with not too much, but proper and rather 
graceful gesticulation, altogether making the impression of a man that 
felt in his own soul the power of the truth, and was desirous that his hear- 
ers should be profited bv his ministrations. See Manual, 1902. 
Schut, Henry S., b. Newkirk, la., Oct. 10, 1882. H.C. 1909. W.T.S. 1912. 
1. by CI. Iowa. Pella. Neb., 1912-15, Carmel, la., 1915-18, d. Dec. 27. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1919, 922. 
Schuurman, Henry P., b. Neths., Nov. 19. 1865; H.C. 97. W.S. 1900, 1. 
CI. G.R. ; Grand Rapids. 9th. 19CO-1903. Leota, Bethel, Minn.. 1903- 
06, Newkirk, la.. 1906-10. Chicago (Holland), 1910-13. South Hol- 
land. 1913-17. Paterson, N.J., Holland, 6th. 1917 . S.C. CI. Iowa, 

1905-11- 
Schuvler. Johannes, b. 1710, Duchy of Nassau. Schoharie. 1736-56. German 
Flats. 1736, Hackensack (2d), and Schraalenburgh (2d), 1756-66. Beav- 
erdam and Schoharie, 1766-79. Preached also at Stone Arabia, occas- 
ionally. Died 1779. 
His call to Schoharie was approved by the Classis of Amsterdam, Sept. 
3. 1736. By letter of Oct. i. 1736, permission was given to Erickzon and 



486 THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA 

Haeghoort to examine and ordain him, under the peculiar circumstances 
existing; but this letter was not received until March 3, 1738. His ordin- 
ation and installation took place on Ap. 18, 1738. This permission was, 
perhaps, the immediate cause of the effort to secure a Coetus in the follow- 
ing year. Yet he became one of the conservative members of the Coetus, 
and after 1751 did not attend the meetings. His interest was growing cold, 
and in 1755 the anti-Coetus party of Curtenius at Hackensack called him to 
take the peculiar position of both colleague and opponent of Goetschius. 
He was censured by the Coetus for accepting this call without their con- 
sent and against their will. He thenceforth consorted with the Conferentie. 
The "Col. Hist.," viii. 551, calls him the Presbyterian minister at Scho- 
harie. He seems to have continued at Hackensack ten years, and not three 
years only, as has been supposed. Ecc. Rec. N. Y. "Berg's Evang. Quar- 
terly," ii, 112. "Gunn's Mem. of Livingston," ed. 1856, p. 389. "M.G.S.," 
i. pp. cxiii. cxxii. 

Schwartz, Moritz Johannes, b. Oct 19, 1853, at Drohobycz. Gallicia. Took 

a severe Hebraical and Talmudical education in Gallicia. N.B.S. 1891, 

lie. CI. N.Y., w. c. Name removed from Classical roll, April 18, 1905. 

A converted Hebrew. See Manual, 1902. 

Schwartzbach, C. H. Flatbush. 2d, 188 1-5. 

Schwedes, Franz R., b. Germany. N.B.S. 1855; New York (Ger.), 1855, 

deposed. 
Schweitzer, Edward. S.S., Plainfield (Ger.), 1872. 
Schwilk, W. P.. 1. CI. Sdienectady. 1855; Schenectady, 1856-68, w. c. 
Schwitters, Emiel Onno, b. Carnarvon, la., Sept. 22, 1881. H.C. 191 1, N.B.S. 
1914- Clove, High Falls, N.Y., 1914-16, Schenectady, Mt. Pleasant, 
1916-19. Progress Campaign Committee, 1919-1921. Grand Rapids, 
Bethel, 1921. Educational and Extension Sec, University of Dubuque, 

1921 

Sciple, Chs. Morton, b. Easton, Pa., April 19, 1872; LaF. Coll. 97, U.S. 
1897-8, N.B.S. 1900, 1. CI. N.Y. ; Highwood, 1900-1903. (Pres. Port 
Deposit, Md., 1903-06), Napanoch, 1906-14. Chaplain, N.Y. Eastern 
Reformatory, 1906. 
Scofield, Frank" A., Hackettstown, C.C.I., Drew T.S. 1885. (M.E. Pas- 
torate 1885-1913, Pres. Ch. 1914-19). Long Island City, ist. 1919— — 
Scott, Charles, b. Little Britain, N.Y., Dec. 18. 1822, R.C. 44, teaching 
in S.C. 44-8, N.B.S. 51, Shawangunk 51-66, Prof, of Chemistry and 
Nat. Hist, in Hope College 1866-77, Synodical Lector in Ch. Hist, 
and Ch. Gov. at Hope College 66-77, Vice-President of Hope Col- 
lege 78-81, Provisional President 81-5, President of H.C. 85-92. Died 
Oct. 31, 1893. D.D. by N.Y.U. 1875. Pres. of Gen. Synod. 1875. 
He was noted from boyhood for sturdy integrity. Classmates and col- 
leagues remember him as a scorner of shams, and as one whom it was im;- 
possible to seduce from the promptings of sound principle. He was a 
splei;did specimen of a manly, straightforward boy at school and young 
man at college, whom every one could absolutely trust. This beautiful 
character he had even before he seemed to have given his heart to Christ. 
As a Christian he became eminent for his intelligence of conviction, his 
strength of trust, and the unreserve and practicalness of his consecration. 
He left his mark upon his pastoral field, upon our Holland institutions. 
and upon our whole Western Church, so deep that it can never be effaced. 
No name on our rolls will stand higher than his for faithful consecration 
as a servant of the Lord Jesus Christ. 

He was a scholar. His mind was bright and active, and his faculty for 
acquisition was well balanced along all lines of study. He was a linguist, 
a mathematician and a scientist. As a student and teacher he was noted 
for his love of accuracy. Of course, his great life work lay in his ministry 
and teaching. But he had also side lines of pursuit. Especially he was a 
laborious antiquarian and local, secular, and church historian. It is re- 



THE MIXISTRY 487 

gretted that large treasures of relics and historical data collected by him 
were destroyed by the fire that swept over Holland in 1871. He was one 
of the most unassuming of men, but as a scholar he was one of the lead- 
ing ornaments of our Church. He was devoted to the Reformed Church 
and its interests. In 1872 he was tendered the Presidency of an Indiana 
College, and in 1875 the offer was made to him of a Professorship in a 
Presbyterian institution. But he considered himself the depository of a 
sacred trust, and no offer could move him. Not only were these offers 
tempting in themselves, but they came to him at a time when his work 
in Holland was in a very disheartening condition, and a change might have 
brought unspeakable relief to a tried spirit. But he stood by his charge 
and lived to see our young institution carried past all danger. We owe 
everything, humanly speaking, to his manly fidelity and indomitable per- 
severance. No sketch of him would be complete without emphasizing 
these traits in his character, and noting their illustration in the devotion 
he manifested to the interests of our church. — "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1894. 
212. — "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C.," 1894, 16. 

Publications: For a list of his numerous publications, see Manual. 
1902. 
Scott. James, b. in Scotland, 1809; Universities of Glasgow and Belfast; c. 

to America, 1832, 1. Presbyt. New York. 34; (German Valley and Fox 

Hill, Presbyt.), 34-43, Newark, ist, 43-58, d. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Life of Rev. Robt. Pollock." i2mo, pp. 364. N.Y., 1848. 
— "An Epic. Poem." On this he had been long engaged. It had but re- 
cently been finished when he died. He left directions for its publication. 
He and Rev. J. L. Chapman issued a series of School Books, published by 
A. Williams, Boston. 
Scoville, Frank C, b. North Bingham, Pa., 1850; A.C. 1875, U.T.S. 78, lie. 

by Manhattan Cong. Assoc. (Cong., Independence, Kan., 78-80, Sauger- 

ties, N.Y., 80-85, post-graduate, Andover Sem., 85-86), Greenwich, N.Y., 

1886-1921. 
Scribner, John M. U.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI. of Ulster, 1836; Schoharie. 

1836-9, Walden, 1839-42, Prin. Female Sem.. Auburn. 1842-4, Prin. 

Female Sem., Rochester, 1844-6, supplied Schoharie, Mt. and North 

Blenheim, 1847-8. w. c. Died 1881. 
Publication' : "The Ready Reckoner." 
Scudder, Charles Tudson (son of Tohn Scudder, Tr.), b. at Vellore, India, 

July. 1866; R.C. 89. N.B.S. 97. lie. CI. N.Y.; Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, 

1897-1907. In business. Supplying cliurches. 
Scudder. Kzekiel Carman, (s. of John Scudder), b. Oct. 20, 1828, in Pan- 

deteripo. Ceylon; W.R.C. 50. N.B.S. 55. 1. and ord. CI. N.B. Mission- 
ary in India, 1855-1876. S.S., Upper Red Hook, Sept., 77-78, Sept.; 

pastor, 78-84, (San Antonio, Texas, 84-89, Presbvt.) Asburv Park, N.J., 

89-96; d. Jan. 31. M.D., D.D., W.R.C, 1S85. 
When eight years of age his father left Ceylon, going to Aladras. In 
due time he came to America for education, probably in 1843. After ample 
preparation, taking also one course of medical lectures in the College of 
Physicians and Surgeons, he joined his brothers already in India. On his 
return to America in 1868, he spent two years in completing his medical 
education at the Brooklyn Hospital for Physicians. On account of a sun- 
stroke he was obliged to abandon the mission field in 1876. Ho had a 
watchfiil eye, and feet always ready to go on missions of mercy and com- 
fort. He set a noble example for inciting others to a higher life. He was 
a man of -rare personal gifts and of scholarly attainments, and whose mis- 
sionary career was conspicuously successful. His work was distinguished 
for its thoroughness and deeply spiritual character. Some of the most 
flourishing village churches in India were established by him. At Asburv 
Park, a year before his death, he was stricken with paralysis. Ripe in years, 



488 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

in work, in grace, he was revered and beloved by all. He preached a pure 
and simple Gospel, and illustrated its excellence in all relations. As the 
end drew near, he prayed with his family. His mind wandered, and he 
thought himself in the midst of his missionary work in India. He preached 
earnestly to a supposed audience of natives, asking them if they had made 
their peace with God. Thus his ruling passion was strong in death. "Mints. 
Gen. Syn.," 1896, 494. 

Publications: "Village Work." In "Manual of Missions, R.C.A." — 
Many letters in the papers on mission work in India. 

Scudder Ezekiel Carman, Jr. (son of Ezekiel C. Scudder), b. in India, June 
25, 1856, R.C. 79, N.B.S. 82, 1. CI. Hudson; Missionary to India, 82- 
19CO, Wanaque, N.J., 1901-1903. (Congregational, Porto Rico, 1903-04). 
Missionary to India, 1904-19, d. Dec. 2. 
He was a worthy member of a family much honored by God. See Min. 
Gen. Syn., 1923, 277. 
Scudder, Frank Seymour (son of Ezekiel C. Scudder), b. Conoor, India, 
Apr. 28, 1862; R.C. 85, N.B.S. 90, 1. CI. N.B. Havana, III, 90-3, Mt. 
Vernon, N.Y., 94-7, Missionary, Nagano, Japan, 1897-1907. Missionary 

Japanese Dept. Hawaiian, Honolulu, T.H., 1907 . Sec. and Treas. 

Arabian Missions, 1893-4. 
Publications: "Songs of Rutgers," 1885. — "Sunday-School Lesson 
Helps" (in Japanese). 1898-1901. — Articles on Arabia and Japan, in "Miss. 
Review of the World," and in Religious Papers. — "Easter Anthem and Re- 
sponsive Service." in Japafiese. Many articles for the press. 
Scudder, Henry Johnston (son of John Scudder, Jr.), b. Coonoor, Niligiri 
Hills, India, Oct. i, 1867; R.C. 90, Teach, in India, 90-94, N.B.S. 
97, 1. CI. N.B. ; ord. by same. May 31. 1897. Missionary at Arcot 
India, 1897-1914, Centreville, Athenia, N.J., 1915-19. Missionary in 
India 1919 — — . Agency Recording Sec. Am. Bible Soc, N.Y.C., 1915- 
16 and Field Sec. Eastern Agency, Brooklyn, N.Y., 1917-19. 
Publications : Many articles in the press. 
Scudder, Henry M. (s. of John Scudder), b. at Pandeteripo, Ceylon, Feb. 
5, 1822; N.Y.U. 40, U.S. 43, supplied New Rochelle, 43-4, ord. by 
Presbyt. Nov. 12, 43. Missionary in India under American Board 
1844-51. Missionary in India, 1851-1864, Jersey City, ist, Dec. 64-May 
65, (San Francisco, Cal., Howard Ch., Presb. 65-71. Brooklyn, Cent. 
Cong., 71-83, Chicago, Plymouth Cong., 83-7, independent missionary 
to Japan, 87-9), w. c, but living at Pasadena, Cal, 89-90, at Chicago, 
90-2, at Winchester, Mass., 92-1895, d. June 4. M.D. by N.Y.U. 1853. 
D.D. by R.C. 1859. 
He went to Indian under the American Board, and remained in that con- 
nection, 1844-51, when he came under the Board of the Dutch Church, 
and so continued, 1851-63, when he was obliged to resign mission work on 
account of ill-health. He was very eloquent and successful in his several 
charges in this country. 

Publications: "Address at Anniversary Am. Tract Soc". i860. — 
"Liturgy of R.P.D.C. in Tamil." Madras, 1862.— "The Bazaar Book; or, 
Vernacular Preachers' Companion." In Tamil. 8vo. Madras, 1865. — 
"Sweet Savors of Divine Truth." In Tamil. Madras, 1868. (This is a 
Christian Catechism, with Decalogue, Creeds, Prayers, etc.). — "Spiritual 
Teaching." In Tamil. Madras. 1870.— A Sermon on "The Coming of 
Christ." In "Pulpit and Rostrum," vol. i. — A Sermon at 65th Anniversary 
of A.B.C.F.M. 187.4. 

Scudder, Jared Waterburv (s. of John Scudder). b. Niligiri Hills, India, 
Feb. 8. 1830; W.R.C. 50, N.B.S. 55. He by CI. N.B. 55; ord. by CI. 
N.Y. 55. Missionary to India, 1855-1910. d. Oct. 17. Prof, of Tlieology, 
Arcot Theo. Sem., 1895-1908. M.D. by Long Is. Col. i860, D.D. by 
R.C. 1887. _ 
Throughout his long life Dr. Scudder served with rare devotion, unre- 



THE MINISTRY 489 

mitting zeal and splendid courage. To him was given the privilege to wit- 
ness the growth of the Arcot Christian community from a few score to 
nearly ten thousand. By his evangelistic labors and later by his educational 
training of the future native leaders, he was largeh- the cause of this devel- 
opment. — Min. Gen. Syn., 191 1, 263. 

PuBLicwTioxs : Translation from the Tamil into English of Rev. H. M. 
Scudder's "Spiritual Teaching." Madras, 1870; also of his "Bazaar Book"; 
13 Tracts. — "Hist. Sketch of the Arcot ^lission." In "Manual of Mis- 
sions." — Was also a member of committee for revision of Tamil transla- 
tion of the Bible. — "Critical Commentary of Gospel of Matthew," in Tamil. 
— "A System of didactic Theology," in Tamil, pp. 700. — "Commentary on 
Epistle to the Romans," in Tamil, pp. 800. — Translation of "Westminster 
Shorter Catechism," in Tamil. 

Scudder, John, b. at Freehold, N.J., Sept. 3, 1793; C.N.J. 181 1, Coll. of 

Physicians and Surgeons, N.Y.C., 1815; practicing medicine in N.Y.C. 

15-19; voyage to India, under A. B.C. P.M. (sailing from Boston and 

arriving at Tillipally) ; labored as a minister and physician in Ceylon, 

Feb. 20-May. 21 ; ordained May 15, 21, in a Wesleyan Chapel at Jaff- 

napalam, by Congregationalists, Baptists, and Methodists. Pandeteripo, 

Ceylon, 21-36, Madras, 36-41, the Niligiri Hills, 41-2, in America, 42-6, 

Madura, 46-8, Madras. 48-54. voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, 54, 

died at W\'nberg, South Africa, Jan. 13, 1855. M.D. 

He was a grandson of the illustrious New Jersey patriot, Col. Nathaniel 

Scudder, who represented his State in the Second Continental Congress 

and who was one of the signers of the Articles of Confederation, and who 

lost his life while leading his regiment at the battle of Monmouth. 

Dr. John Scudder chose the medical profession, and studied with Dr. 
Samuel Forman, of Freehold, N.J. He afterward settled in New York, 
where he had previously been house-surgeon of the City Hospital. He had 
united with the old Tennant Presbyterian Church in Freehold, Oct. 13, 
1810, under the ministry of Rev. John Woodhull. and now transferred his 
relations to Father Bork's church in Franklin Street. He became at once 
an -active member, laboring assiduousl}- in various ways for the cause of 
Christ. Long was his earnestness of spirit and fidelity to his Master re- 
membered by that people. He was prominent in originating prayer-meet- 
ings, kindly exhorting in private intercourse, and lending his influence to 
every plan of doing good. While here, engaged in his profession, the claims 
of the heathen were brought vividly before his mind in a peculiar manner. 
In professional attendance on a lady, while in the ante-room, he took up a 
tract whose title was, "The Conversion of the World ; or. The Claims of 
Six Hundred Millions, and the .Ability and Duty of the Churches Respect- 
ing Them." This ripened convictions often felt before, and he resolved to 
offer his services to the .'\merican Board, and, if accepted, at once prepare 
for the work. He had, at this time, an extensive, lucrative, and increasing 
practice. 

After his connection with the Church, he passed through a spiritual con- 
flict of no ordinary kind. He was most severely tried. Satan seemed to 
have been let loose upon him. Faith and its foundations seemed gone for- 
ever. He was in an agony to believe, but could not. He doubted of all 
things, yea, even of his own existence. Hope died within him, and despair 
spread her pall over him. Every star went out in his sky. Satan and his 
legions assailed him on every side. While the storm raged. God fastened 
him to the Rock of .'\ges, as he had never been fastened to it before. As the 
surge was sweeping him away, grace guided it near the cross, of which he 
had lost sight, and he got a death-grip of it. which nothing ever after could 
loosen. He came out of those conflicts like gold out of the fire. He began 
with calm joy to climb the Delectable Mountains, and from that time he 
dwelt mostly on their happy summits. These trials eminently prepared him 
to encounter the difficulties of the newly-developing missionary work. He 



490 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

was to meet none so great as those he had already overcome, and he was 
thrust forth a well -equipped and experienced warrior, to carry the battle 
with an intrepid spirit into the heart of Satan's territories — even to the 
grim frowning walls of one of his oldest and strongest fortresses, Hindoo- 
stan. God thus prepared him, and then he called him to the mission field. 

Mr. Newell had begun a mission in Ceylon in 1812, and in 1816 five new 
missionaries joined him, namely. Meigs, Richards. Warren, Bardwell, and 
Poor. But in two years, through death and sickness compelling a change of 
climate, Messrs. Poor and Meigs were left the only missionaries on the 
island. In June, 1819, Messrs. Winslow, Spaulding, Woodward, and Scud- 
der were sent to re-enforce them. They went by the way of Calcutta, and 
■were at their station in February. 1820. In 1822, the plan of a college was 
drawn up, and soon put in successful operation. Early in 1824 a general 
revival was enjoyed. The success of the Ceylon Mission was wonderful. 
(See the "Cyclopedia of Missions"). In 1836 it was thought advisable to 
establish a printing-press at Madras, to issue the Scriptures and tracts in 
the Tamil language. To accomplish this, a mission was started there under 
the care of Messrs. Winslow and Scudder. The latter took up his residence 
at Chintadrepettah. The establishing of a press was consummated under 
unusually favorable circumstances, a large printing establishment, fully 
•equipped, of the Church Missionary Society falling into their possession in 
1838. The first year they printed 6,ooo,ooc of pages of Scripture and tracts, 
increasing the number in subsequent years. The missionaries itinerated far 
into the interior, scattering the truth, and several regular preaching sta- 
tions were soon established. These were the germs of the Arcot Mission. 
It was received under the American Board in 1852. 

Dr. Scudder had a strong mind. He was a vigorous, able thinker. He 
thought out his conclusions in straight lines of his own, knowing nothing 
of circuitous approaches. 

He had great decision of character, was capable of great endurance and 
bore extreme pain without flinching. He was both stern and tender, decided 
in his views but liberal toward others. He was a man of but few books but 
supremely of one book. He also endeavored to speak to those about him 
of their soul's salvation and in this personal ministry his tact and success 
were wonderful. He said he desired to be one of the inner circle about Jesus. 

He was never disheartened. When asked in America. "What are the 
discouragements of the missionary work?" he answered. "I do not know the 
word. I long ago erased it from my vocabulary." Here was the command. 
"Preach the gospel to every creature." Here likewise vvas the promise, 
"My word shall not return unto me void." These furnished him with im- 
movable foundations. 

Almost every large town in the south-eastern part of Hindoostan heard 
the gospel from his lips. His tours were many and extensive. He once 
stood eleven consecutive hours, when on a tour, at his post. He did not 
stop even to eat, but had coffee brought to him. It was his habit when thus 
standing to lean on his left arm. and it was supposed by his medical advisers 
that this was the cause of its becoming paralyzed. When he left India 
to visit America, it hung motionless by his side. He recovered its use on 
the voyage. After he had become unable to itinerate, he preach twice 
daily, in Madras, only excepting Friday morning, his fast day. When he 
heard that his son Samuel, whom he expectly shortly to join him, was 
dead, he resolved to make up Samuel's loss by extra work, especially since 
so few missionaries came to India. This excessive labor soon brought on 
liis first serious illness. He subsequently preached twice daily, but his fail- 
ing strength soon compelled him to lessen his labors, and ultimately to take 
a voyage to the Cape of Good Hope. The voyage and change seemed 
greatly to benefit him. He endeared himself to the colonists there by fre- 
quent services. He had taken passage, and was on the eve of embarking 
again for India, when he was suddenly stricken down by apoplexy and 



THE MINISTRY 49; 

•died. — Extracts from a letter of Rev. Dr. H. M. Scudder. This letter is 
given with much more fullness in in the Manual of 1H79. See "Life of Dr. 
John Scudder." hy Rev. Dr. Waterbury. "Spraguc's Annals." "Cyclo- 
pedias of Missions." Also Manual, igoj. 

PiHi.KATio.N.s : "A \'oice from the East"; being a series of letters to 
the children of R.D.C.— "Grandpapa's Talk with Little Mary." 2 vols. 
i8mo.--"The Redeemer's Last Command." — "The Harvest Perishing." — 
"An Appeal to Christian Mothers, in Behalf of the Heathen," 1844. Pubd. 
by Tract Soc. — "Knocking at the Door." — "Passing over Jordan." 1841. — 
Letters to Children on Missionary Subjects. — Communications of Dr. 
Scudder, scattered through thirty-five volumes of the "Missionary Herald." 
1820-55. — "An Karne.-t Appeal to Physicians," 1832. — Letters in "Christian 
Intelhgencer." — "Tales About the Heathen." — "Journal" (in part) and some 
letters in "W'aterbury's Memoir of." 

Scudder's Letters to Ministers of R.D.C. in the U.S., and to the Society 
of Inquiry in New Brunswick, 1833, were published in pamphlet form. 
These letters were also published in "Ch. Int.," in tlie fall of 1833. See 
Nov. 10, 1833, p. 64, for reference. 

Eor sketch of his mother, Mrs. Maria Scudder. see "Ch. Int.." Jan. 20, 
1859. She died Dec. 21, 1858, in the 90th year of her age. An oil painting 
of her husband, Joseph Scudder. was in possession of Mrs. Andrews, of 
Hudson. N. Y. 

There is an excellent account of the Scudder ancestry in Wicke's History 
■of Medicine in New Jersey, p. 389. 

For a table of relationships of the Reformed Church Missionary branch 
of the Scudder family, see Manual, 1902, 720-1. 

Scudder, John, M.D. (s. of John Scudder). b. at Chavagaclierrv, in Cevlon. 
Oct. 29. 1835; R.C. -57, N.B.S. 60, lie. and ord. CI. N.Y., May, 60. 
Missionary in India 1861-1900, d. May 23. M.D., L.I.C., i860. D.D., 
R.C, 1896. \'ice Pres. Gen. Syn., 1897. 

Through a period of riearly forty years, he labored with great fidelity. 
Besides the several stations which he occupied, he, for a long time .officiated 
also as Mission Secretary and Treasurer. Few missionaries have been hon- 
ored with responsibilities as varied and important. 

He chose and was content to be "only a village missionary." Other 
duties were assigned him. as already mentioned. He also had charge of 
the building of the Church and Mission House at Tindivanam, and for 
three years of the Ranipettai Hospital, during which he opened the Lying- 
in-ward. He administered large sums during the great famine of 1876-78: 
but during all his long service, ])reaching to the heathen and "the care of 
the Churches" were pre-eminently iiis chosen work. A fearless preacher, 
he proclaimed the law in its full breadth, but he also presented the Gospel 
with a tenderness that moved his Tamil audience to tears. In evangelistic 
fervor and pastoral faithfulness, in short, in all that makes a successful 
missionary on the field, none have surpassed and few have equaled him. 

See Manual. 1902. 
Scudder, Joseph (s. of John Scudder), b. July 14, 1826; R.C. 1848. N.B.S. 
51. 1. CI. N.Y. Missionary in India 1853-1859. Chaplain in Union 
army. 61. Chaplain at Fort Columbus. Governor's Island. 61-3. Sec. 
Am. and For. Ch. L'nion. 63-70. in service of Ref. Ch. Bd. For. Miss., 
Feb. 71-2. Feb.; Glenham, 72-5, Upper Red Hook, 75-6, d. Nov. 21. 
M.D.. D.D.. by U.C. 

He shared fully in the enthusiasm of his parents and brothers in the 
great work of foreign missions, to which they have all devoted the best of 
their lives. He was ardent, impulsive, energetic, and industrious, a man 
of feeling and a man of action ; and above all "a man of God." His im- 
paired health was a constant restraint upon a spirit that panted for con- 
stant service, and only a strong will, with God's grace, enabled him to ac- 
complish much of what he did in long years of feebleness. Twenty-five 



492 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

years in the ministry, of which about fifteen were spent in India, and much 
of the remainder in mission labors for our own and other lands, make a 
record which will long bear precious fruits. 

Scudder, Lewis R. (son of Wm. W. Scuddcr), b. Vellore, India, Dec. 22, 
1861 ; C.N.J. 82, Hartford Theolog. Sem. 85 ; lie. bv Hartford Assoc. 
84, reed, as licentiate by CI. of N.Y. 85; Med. Deptmt. of U.N.Y. 88; 

missionary to Arcot, India, 1888 

Scudder, Lewis W., b. South India, June 13, 1874. Oakdale, Neb., Omaha 
Sem. 1896, 1. by Pres. of Omaha 1895. Home Missionary work, Pres- 
byterian, 1896-1908, Thomas, Okl., 1908-12, Home Missionary Work, 

Presbyterian 1912 . Iroquis, N.Y. 

Scudder, Samuel D. (s. of J. Scudder), b. in Ceylon, 1827; R.C. 47, N.B.S. 

d. Nov. 14, 1849. 
Scudder, Silas D. (s. of John Scudder) ; b. in Ceylon, Nov. 6, 1833; R.C. 
56, arrived in India, Jan. 61; went as a physician; lie. CI. Arcot, 62; 
Arnee, 62-3, Palamanair, 63-5, Coonoor, 64, in charge of the Dispen- 
sary in Arcot, 65-72, in Europe, ^2, in America, jt,, died Dec, 1877. 
ALD. 
The prayers of his parents overcame his reluctance and he became a 
missionary doctor. He always remained more of a physician than a minister. 
His medical work was very great and very beneficial both to the bodies 
and souls of multitudes. The British Government highly appreciated his 
services. Thirteen years of the most arduous labor broke his constitution 
and he was compelled to tetire. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Scudder, Walter Tracev (son of John Scudder, Tr.), b. Ranipettai, India, 
April 8, 1869. R.C. 1892, N.B.S. 97, 1. CI. N.B. ; Oyster Bay, 97-9, 

missionary to India, 1899 

Scudder, William H. (son of Jared Scudder), b. Vellore, India, Feb. 10, 
1857. R.C. 1878, N.B.S. 82, lie. by CI. N.B.; New Durham, 1882-4, 
(Chicago, Plymouth Congregational, 1884-5, Cong., Aurora, 111., 1885-7, 
San Francisco, Plymouth Con., 1897-90, Cong., ist., Norwich, N.Y., 
1891-6, Cong., 1st, Tacoma, Wash., 1896-9, Barkeley, Cal, Park Cong., 
1901-06, Rio Vista, Cal.. ist Cong., 1906-10, d. May 26, 1911. 
Scudder, Wm. Waterbury (s. of John Scudder), b. at Pandeteripo, Ceylon, 
1823; C.N.J. 41, P.S. 45, lie. by Presbyt. Elizabeth, N.J. ; ord. Presbt. 
Elizabeth, N.J., July 14, 46. Missionary in India, 1846-1872. (Glaston- 
bury, Conn., 1st Cong. Ch., 1873-1884. Missionary in India, 1885-1894, 
d. March 4, 1895). Prof, in Arcot Sem., 1889-1893. 
He, with his brothers, Henry M. and Joseph, established the Arcot Mis- 
sion and the Classis of Arcot in 1852. 

His years in the American pastorate were fruitful and so were his years 
of ordinary missionary labor, but as a teacher of the truth he stood pre- 
eminent. 

See Manual, 1902. 

PuBLiCATioxs: His wife, Mrs. William W. Scudder, published "Nine- 
teen Centuries of Missions," 1899. 

Searle, Edward Van Vechten (son of Samuel T. Searle), b. Wvckofif, 
N.J., Oct. 20, 1869; R.C. 91, N.B.S. 94, 1. CI. Kingston; Berea, 94-Dec. 
99, Metuchen. 1900-1907, d. Feb. 11. 
He came of worthy stock and already revealed his usefulness when God 
took him home. Min. Gen. Syn., 1907, 915. 

Searle, Jeremiah, b. at Atkinson, N.H.. Apr. 19, 1795; Bowdoin and U.C. 

21, studied theology under Prof. Andrew Yates; 1. Cong. Assoc. Ver- 

He came of ministerial stock, each generation since 1692 having at least 

one minister in it. He had the true missionary spirit and not only edified 

the sheep of his own flock, but was always busy seeking in highways and 

hedges for the lost. Many of these he' brought to the Good Shepherd. 

See Manual, 1902. 



THE MINISTRY 493 

Searle, Jeremiah (s. of Jer. Scarlc), b. Coxsackic. N.V., July 13. 1836. 

R.C. 1855, N.B.S. 58. 1. CI. Monmouth; Bloominghurgh, 58-62, Chap. 

144th Reg. N.Y.S.X'. 62-3. Ovster Bay, 63-6. Syracuse, 66-8, Albany. 

3d, 68-71. Peekskill. 71-3, (Newburgh, Presb., 1873-1912, d. July 31. 

1912). D.D., R.C 1907. 
Searle, John Preston (s. of S. T. Searle), b. at SchuylerviUe, N.Y., Sept. 

12, 1854; R.C. 75. N.B.S. 78; lie. CI. Passaic; Gnggstown, 1878-80, 

Raritan, ist. 81-93. Prof, of Didactic and Polemic Theology. N.B.S. 

1893 . President of Faculty. 1902 . Trustee, R.C, 1898 . 

Sec, Trustees of R.C, 1906. Pres. Council Ref. and Prcs. Ch. 

Pres. G.S., 1917. 
Publications: "Side Lights of the Advent"; a sermon, 1881.— 'Wo- 
tnan's Exaltation"; a sermon, 1883.— "College and Seminary Life of Rev. 
John H. Salisbury"; a funeral address, 1891.— "Love for the Church"; 
Dedication Sermon, 1892.— "The Theological Seminary in the R.C. A.," 
1892. — "Our Missionary Opportunity in the West"; address before the 
P.S. of 'New Brunswick, 1893.— "The Source of Authority"; Inaugural 
address as Prof, of Theology, 1893.— "His Chosen Habitation"; dedication 
sermon, 1894. — "Nehushtan" ; Sermon in final service in old church build- 
ing. Raritan, ist, 1895. — "Talbot Wilson Chambers"; in "Presb. and Re- 
formed Review," with reprint, 1896. — "Outline Sketch of Theological 
Encyclopedia," 1897. — "The Death of President McKinley" ; a sermon, 
1901. — Articles on Egyptian Travel and Miscellaneous Contributions in 
^'Christian Intelligencer" and local papers. Other printed sermons. 
Searle. Robert Wvckoff (son of Rev. J. P. Searle), b. New Brunswick, 

N.J., May 24.' 1894, R.C. 1915. War service. N.B.S. 1921, 1. by CI. 

N.B. 1921. N.Y.C, Fort Washington Col., Ass., 1921 

Searle, Samuel Tomb (s. of Jer. Searle), b. at Salem, N.Y., Feb. 24, 1825; 

U.C 45. N.B.S. 48. 1. CI. of Greene; Tiossiock, 48-50, Saratoga, 50-7, 

Leeds, 57-69. Wyckoff, 69-88, Hurley, 88-96, d. May 14, 1903. 
Mr. Searle was a man pf modest disposition, very faithful to his duty 
and courageous when principles were involved. See Min. Gen. Syn., 
1903, 525. 

Publications: "Address before Leeds Debating Club on Mental Cul- 
ture; in "Catskill Examiners." Feb. 4. 1865. — Mission Paper read before 
■Classis of Passaic, in "Mission Record" of that Classis, 1883. — Necrologi- 
cal Reports in "Mints. Gen. Synod," 1884-9. 
Searle. Stephen (s. of Jer. Searle); U.C. 1850. N.B.S. 53, 1- CI. N.B.; 

Mamakating. 53-9, Griggstown, 59-73. Catsbaan, 74-1885, d. Jan. 15. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Sears, Jacob C, b. at Montgomery, N.Y., 1798; U.C. 21, N.B.S. 24, 1. CI. 

N.B.; Miss, to Spring Garden, Philadelphia, 24, Spring Garden, ist, 

(or Philadelphia. 2d. Eighth St.). 25-33. Six Mile Run, 33-1881, d. 

Aug. 13. Emeritus. 1878. D.D. 
His fidelity to his office was remarkable. He grew in usefulness and in 
the esteem of his congregation and the church at large throughout his whole 
ministry. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Sebestyen, Endre. S.S.. Chicago. W. Side Hungarian, 1918. 
Sebring, Arad J., b. at Ovid. N.Y.. Oct. 20, 1833; R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 62. 

1. CI. Geneva; Mellenville. 1862-85, Kaatsban. 1885-1916, d. Aug. 11. 
He was a Christian leader on both sides of the Hudson for more than 
fifty years. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1917, 252. 

Publications: Manv articles and poems. 
Sebring. Elbert Nevius'. b. at Ovid, N.Y.. Sept. 22, 1836; R.C. 62, N.B.S. 

65, 1. CI. Geneva; Ghent, 2d, 65-73, Fairfield, 73-7, Prattsville, 77-9; 

Middleburgh. 79-84. Leeds and Athens, 2d, 84-1889. d. Oct. 12 
See Manual, 1902. 
See, Edwin F., b. Tarrytown. N.Y., Jan. 29. 1861 ; R.C. 80. N.B.S. S3. 1. 



494 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AISIERICA 

CI. Westchester; Albany, 3d, 83-6, Gen. Sec. Brooklyn Y. M. C. A. 
1886-1906, d. July 18. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1907, 917. 
Publications: Papers on the General Secretaryship of the Y. M. C. A.; 

Northfield College Conference, 1887; World's Convention, Amsterdam, 

Neths.. 1891 — Compiler of Religious Work Prospectus of International 

Committee, Y. M. C. A., 1898-1901. 

See, Isaac M., b. N.Y.C., Feb. 13, 1829. R.C. 1849, N.B.S. 52, 1. CI. N.Y.; 
Middleburgh, 52-4, Mt. Vernon. 54-64, Mt. Pleasant, 50th St., N.Y.C., 
64-7, Miss, to Palisades, 68-72, (Newark, Presbyt., 1872-8, Indepen- 
dent), d. Dec. 14, 1902. 
Publications: "Rest of Faith." 1871. — "Zion the Sunny Mount"; 

a monthly. 1876. 

See, John Limburger. b. N.Y.C., May 20, 1822; R.C. 41, N.B.S. 44, 1. CI. 
N.Y. ; Teaching in N.B. 44-47; Kiskatom, 47-50, Unionville and Green- 
burgh. 50-54, Miss, in Buffalo, 54-55, Buffalo, ist, 55-61, Cor. Sec. Bd. 
Education. 1861-84. Died June i, 1892. D.D. by R.C. 1865. 
The main work of his life was in connection with the Board of Education, 

of which he was a model secretary. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Publications: "Reports of Bd. Ed.," 1861-84. — "Digest of Laws of Gen. 

Syn." 1869. 

See, T. J. Dismissed to Cong. Ch., 1913. 

See, Wm. G. Ely, b. in N^Y.C, Sept. 30, 1825; R.C. 49, N.B.S. 53, 1. CI. 
N.B.; North Blenheim, and S.S. at Breakabin and Eminence, 53-59, 
Gilboa, 59-61, Amity, 61-68, Kiskatom, 68-73, Plattekill, 73-84, Stone 
House Plains, 83-92; d. March 6, 1894. 
See Manual. 1902. 

Seeber, Safrenus, b. at Sharon. N.Y.. 1811 ; R.C. 43. N.B.S. 46, 1. CI. Scho- 
harie; Centreville, 46-9, Mottville, 49-51, d. See Manual of 1879. 

Seely, Amos W.. b. in N.Y.C., 1805; U.C. 28, P.S. 31; Frankfort, 31-5, 
(Hillsdale. N.Y., Presbt. 35-40), Cicero, 40-4, (New Haven, N.Y., 
46-6). supplied Salisbury, 46-55, d. 1865, Sept. 12. See Manual of 1879. 

Seeley, Frank Barrows, b. May 10. 1872, at Richfield Springs, N.Y.; 
Middlebury Coll., Vt. 93. U.S. 96. lie. by Otsego Presbvt. 95; (S.S. 

Alargaretville, N.Y., 96-8). Kingston, .2d, 1898 . S.S. St. Remy, 

1915. Pres. P.S. N.Y., 1918. D.D., Middlebury Col., 1920. 

Seelye, Edward Eli. b. at Lansingburgh. N.Y., Sept. 24, 1819; U.C. 39. P.S. 
43, (Stillwater. N.Y.. 44-51. Sandy Hill, 51-8), Schenectady, ist, 58- 
64. d. Aug. 10. D.D. by U.C, 1859. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Publications: Bible Emblems, by the Am. Tract Society posthumously. 

Seelye, Julius Hawley, b. Bethel. Ct., Sept. 14, 1824; A.C. 49, Aub. Seni. 
52; Schenectady, ist, 53-8, Prof, of Mental and Moral Philosophy in 
Amherst Coll.. 58-72. made tour around the world. 73-4. In Congress, 
75-77. President of Amherst College. 1877-1890. D.D. by U.C, 1862. 
LL.D. by CC. 1876. 
For an account of his visit and labors in India, see "Anderson's Hist. 

Miss, of A.B.C.F.M.." p. 221. 

Publications: "Abridged Transl. of Schwegler's Hist, of Philosophy." 

1856. "Dr. Hickok's Philosophy." "Princeton Rev." 1862.— "Our Place 

in History." "Biblotheca Sac," xxiii. 211.— "The Bible in Our Schools." 

"Bib. Sac," xiii.. 725.— "The Way. the Truth, and the Life." "Lectures 

to Educated Hindoos," p. 146. 1873.— Christian Missions," 1875.— "The 

Relation of Learning and Religion," 1877.— "A Historv of Philosophy in 

Epitome," 1877.— "Moral Science," 1889.— "Duty," 1891.— "Citizensihp," 

1894. — Sermons. Addresses. Reviews. 

Segawa. Asashi. Japanese, Meiji Gakuin '79, N.B.S. 1896-7. Evangelist, 
South Japan. 



THE MINISTRY 495 

Seibert, Francis Augustus (son of George A. Seibert), b. Havana, 111., 
Nov. 21, 1874; R.C. 97, N.B.S. 1900, 1. CI. N.B. Ocean Hill, Brooklyn, 

N.Y., 1900-1904, Paskack (Park Ridge), 1904 

Seibert, Geo., b. Frankenfeklt, Germany. Jan. 24, 1839; R.C. 62, N.B.S. 
66. lie. CI. Bergen; Middletown Village, 66-72, S.S. Havana, 111., 
72-81. Scbraalcnburgh, 81-91, Garfield, N. J., 91-2, d. Ap. 30. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Seibert, George Gurnee (son of G. Seibert), b. Middletown, N.J., Ap. 
10. 1867; N.Y.U. 89. N.B.S. 92. 1. CI. Bergen; Garfield. N.J., 92-96, 
Helderberg, N.Y., 1896-1906, Hageman, N.Y., 1906-11, Owasco, N.Y., 

1912-16, Interlaken (Farmer), 1916-1921, Delmar, N.Y., 1921 . 

S.C. CI Montgomery, 1909-1921. 
Seiple, Wm. H. M.E. Ch. S.S., High Woods, N.Y., 1917, S.S., Plattskill, 

N.Y., 1917. 
Selden, Calvin. From Royalton Assoc, Vt., 1857; Jersey City, 3d, 1857. 
Selden, Edward G.. b. Hadlyme, Ct., June 9. 1847; Y.C. 70, And. Sem. 73, 
lie. by Manchester Council, N.H., Dec. 16, 73; (Manchester, ist, N.H.. 
73-85, Springfield, Mass., South Cong., 85-93), Albany, 2d, Madison 
Av., 1 893- 1 904, d. June 2. 
He was a man of power in the pulpit and of winning personality among 
his people. Min. Gen. Syn., 1905, 284. 

Publications: "In the Time of Paul." — "The Story of the Christian 
Centuries." 1902. 

Selyns, Henricus, b. in Amsterdam. Neths.. 1636; matriculated at Leyden 
University. March 19. 1657. aged 21. for the study of Theology. Lie. 
by CI. of Amsterdam. Oct. 2, 1657; ordained by the same, Feb. 16, 
1660. His call is dated on the day of his ordination. Brooklyn, Bush- 
w^yck and Gravesend. 1660-4, returned to Holland; (Waverveen, Hol- 
land, 1660-82; also chaplain in the armv, 1675) ; New York, 1682-1701, 
d. July. 
The first allusion to Domine Selyns in the "Mints, of the Classis of 
Amsterdam." is the following : 

"Rev. Henricus Selyns asks that he may be examined preparatoir," 
(preparatorily for licensure). This was granted him upon his praiseworthy 
credentials, ecclesiastical as well as academic. ("Mints.,"' vol. vi.. p. 74). 
The examination took place on Oct. 2. 1657. 

He was the most eminent of the ministers who had yet come from Hol- 
land. His ancestors, on both sides, had been officers in the Reformed 
Church in Holland from its organization a century before. He w'as offici- 
ating as a proponent (or licentiate), when he received the call to Brooklyn. 
Governor Stuyvesant was in the north effecting some Indian treaties when 
he arrived, and together with Blom, his fellow-passenger, they followed him 
to Esopus and Fort Orange, to present their letters. He w'as presented to 
his congregation by two officers of the government — Nicasius de Sille and 
Martin Krigier — and was installed September 3. 1660. He also officiated 
on Sabbath afternoons or evenings at Governor Stuyvesant's Bouwerie 
(now on East 13th Street), especially instructing the negroes. He also 
occasionally jireachcd for the Huguenots on Staten Island. His charge 
extended from Waliahout to Gowanus. He once came in collision with the 
magistrates, who attempted to override his ecclesiastical prerogatives. In 
a respectful letter, he declined to appear before them or acknowledge their 
authority in such matters. He sustained himself with firmness, dignity, 
and force of reason, and his arguments prevailed. He married, July 9, 
1662, Machtelt Specht, a young lady of New Utrecht; and if we may 
trust his own description, of rare beauty and worth. He subsequently 
married. October 20, 1686. Margaret de Reimer, widow of Hon. Cor- 
nelius Steenwyck. He had engaged himself for service in America for 
only four years, and was anxious to return, as he said, to gladden the 
eyes of his aged parents. He left upon the arrival of Samuel Mega- 



496 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



polensis, a short time before the surrender. He had been already 
greatly useful, and was highly esteemed. He took charge of a small con- 
gregation in Holland, whose inhabitants earned their living by gathering 
turf. But he was not contented with his position. He refused a call to New 
Amsterdam, to become colleague with Drisius, in 1670, after the death of 
the elder Megapolensis. The call was renewed in 1682, after the death of 
Drisius and Van Niewenhuysen. and was then accepted. The need was 
pressing, as Van Zuuren, on Long Island, was the only minister nearer 
than Weekstein, at Kingston, and Schaats, at Albany. He was received 
with great affection and joy. He preached three" times a week, and cate- 
chized the children on Sunday evenings, and officiated occasionally at 
Bergen and Harlem. 

His was now the most important ecclesiastical position in the province. 
It was at the same time a most critical period for the Reformed Church, 
and the greatest wisdom and prudence were necessary to preserve her 
privileges, under English aggressions. The Dutch were only tolerated, 
according to the capitulation, as if dessenters. The Governors attempted 
to exercise arbitrary powers, but the people resisted. Domine Selyns was 
fully alive to the importance of the subject, and was rejoiced at the arrival 
of Governor Dongan, in 1683, who allowed full liberty of conscience. An 
assembly of the people w'as soon called, which among other matters estab- 
lished the legal position of the denominations, allowing the churches to 
choose their own ministers. The law never indeed became operative, but 
it increased the struggle for religious freedom. In 1689, with the acces- 
sion of William and IVLarx' to the throne of England, Leisler, a political 
adventurer, supported by the lower orders, seized the fort and the public 
funds, for "the preservation of the Protestant religion," as he declared, 
but this was only a pretext for his usurpation. The Dutch clergy, without 
exception, opposed his prentensions, and when Governor Nicholson fled, 
and Leisler possessed the government de facto, they still continued their 
opposition, and preached against his authority. This excited Leisler bitterly 
against them. (Dellius, Varick). 

But Selyns committed no overt act, so that he w'as able to remain at his 
post. He was for a time the only Dutch minister on duty in the province, 
3'et he was in close communication and sympathy with the leaders of the 
opposition, and was constantly watched. His house was searched, and his 
service in the church interrupted by Leisler himself, who was a member, 
and his letters to Holland were intercepted. Selyns rejoiced over Leisler's 
downfall, preaching a sermon on the occasion from the words of the 
Psalmist, "I had fainted unless I had believed, to see the goodness of the 
Lord in the land of the living." But his conduct split the congregation, and 
his salary was withheld by a part of them for several years. Leisler him- 
self vvas a low, illiterate man, and the same classes of the people were 
his friends. He was executed in 1691. Leisler's son complained to King 
William, but without effect. The queen, however, ordered the estates to be 
restored to their families, as objects of her Majesty's mercy. The bodies 
also of Leisler and Melbourne, by direction of Bellomont, were exhumed, 
nine years after burial, and after lying in state for several weeks, were 
buried with great pomp under the Dutch church in Garden Street, notwith- 
standing the protests of the Consistory. 

Selyn's letters, about this time, refer to the civil difficulties and the evils 
to the Church incident thereto. He says that he, and Domine Varick who 
endured more than can be believed, have to be patient of necessity. In 
1693, during the administration of Fletcher, the city had become unprece- 
dently corrupt, by the influx of freebooters and privateers, who made it 
their rendezvous, with the Governor's sanction. Fletcher also procured the 
same year an act to provide a ministry by law, thus establishing the Episco- 
pal Church, as he asserted. The dispute was really between the Episcopalians 
and the Presbyterians; yet. whichever side prevailed, the Dutch were sure 



THE MINISTRY 497 

to suffer. Selyns was not satisfied witli the legal condition of the Reformed 
Church. Its privileges might at any moment he withdrawn. He and his 
Consistory therefore applied for a charter, which was the first church char- 
ter issued in the colony. It was not obtained, however, except by the most 
persistent and determined efforts with the Governor. It is dated May ii, 
1696. This charter secured to the church of New York its independence. 
Besides permitting them to call their own ministers, to hold property, etc., 
it also provided for a compulsory payment of church rates by the members. 
This latter provision was stricken out at the confirmation of the charter in 
1784. It may also be worthy of remark that when the PZpiscopalians called 
Mr. Vesey, a Presbyterian on Long Island, as the first rector of Trmity 
Church, Selyns assisted in the installation service, which was performed in 
the Garden Street Church. Selyns now felt that the liberties of the Dutch 
Church were secured. He had labored faithfully, zealously, and success- 
fully. Amid all his trials, no one had ventured to breathe a syllabic against 
the purity of his life, or of his fidelity to the spiritual interests of his con- 
gregation. He was sixty years old, and needed help. He had been alone 
in his extensive charge during his whole ministry, although Daille had 
preached in the French Reformed Church from 1683-90, and Peiret after 
him. He called these his colleagues. The Consistory, in 1698, resolved to 
call a Dutch colleague, as their new charter gave them this right. The old 
party of the friends of Leisler were opposed. They wished a minister of 
their own party. The controversy was carried to Holland. Mr. Verdieren, 
whom they had called, declined. Then the Classis called Rev. Gualterus 
Du Bois, who in 1699 entered on his duties, and continued for more than 
half a century. 

Selyns was truly a remarkable man. He possessed in an eminent degree 
that rare combination of faculties which unites the zeal of the preacher, 
seeking the salvation of souls, with the prudence of the presbyter, looking 
after the temporalities of the church. He was most systematic, energetic, 
and industrious in the discharge of his ministerial and pastoral duties. He 
was the chief of the early ministers to enlarge the usefulness of the Church 
to which he belonged, and to secure for it an independent and permanent 
foundation under the English government. He died in his sixty-fifth year, 
universally esteemed for his talents and his virtues. In all his letters he 
shows an entirely catholic spirit, speaking kindly of other denominations, 
and rejoicing in their success. His liberal and amiable character endeared 
him to all around him. He was on terms of friendship with the heads of 
government, and in correspondence with distinguished men in the neighbor- 
ing colonies. He was also a poet, versifying in !)oth Latin and Dutch. 
Cotton Mather, with whom he corresponded considerably, remarks of him : 
"He had so nimble a faculty of putting his devout thoughts into verse, 
that he signalized himself by the greatest frequency, perhaps, which ever 
man used, of sending poems to all persons, in all places, on all occasions; 
and upon this, as well as upon greater accounts, w-as a David unto the 
flocks of our Lord in the wilderness." — "Magnalia," iii. 41. See 
"Mints. Ch. N.Y.," Eng. Transl., A., 95, 96. "Col. Hist.," ii. 223; 
iii. 415, 588, 646; iv. 219, 427, 523, 621. "Doc. Hist.," ii. 247; iii. 
72. "Smith's N.Y.," 76, 102-110. "Mag. R.D.C.," ii. 249, 277. 330; 
iii. 52. (Another H. Selyns writes in "Mag. R.D.C.," ii. 52, on Incest, and 
in iii. 24, 117, 213, on the Atonement; also iii. 337; iv. 361). "N.Y. Gen. 
and Biog. Rec," vi. 143, 144, 156; vii. 92, 145. "Baird's Daille." 91. 92. 
"Murphy, Anthology of New Neths." All the documents and letters re- 
lating to him are to be found in Ecc. Rec. N.Y. 

Publications: Poems in Dutch and Latin. Several of these have been 
rendered into English verse by Hon. Henry C. Murphy, and published in 
his "Anthology of New Netherlands." — A Latin Poem. Oct. 16, 1697. was 
prefixed to some editions of "Mather's Magnalia." This, Murphy does not 
give. It is given in full Latin and English in Manual. 1902, pages 735-740- 



498 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Senn, Jacob, b. 1776; U.Pa. 1793 (?); Hardwick, Stillwater, Sussextown 
and Knowlton, all in Sussex Co., N.J., 1795-1800; Tohieken, Spring- 
field and Indianfield, Pa., 1800-18, d. See "Harbaugh's Lives," ii., 406. 

Serven, Isaac, lie. by Seceders, 1828, suspended, 1831. 

Serenbets, Francis M. Ordained as a Roman priest, at Friburg, 1834, c. to 
America, 1846; 1. CI. Bergen, 1848; Newark, 3d, 1848-9, New Bruns- 
wick, 3d, 1851-4, w. c. Died . 

Service, Wm. A. From Pres. Hopewell, N.Y., 191 1 -19. Presbyterian 
1920. 

Seso, Abdul Ahad, b. Mardin, Turkey, Oct. 5, 1877. American Col., Mardin, 
Turkey, 1897, N.B.S. 1906, 1. by CI. N.B. Ord. by CI. Orange 1906. 
Kerhonkson, N.Y., 1906-11, Berne and Beaverdam, 1911-19, Wynantskill, 
N.Y., 1919-1922. 1st Ghent. 1922 

Severance, Claude Milton, b. Nov. 3, 1861, Salisbury, Vt. Middleburg Col. 
1883. Y.D. Sch. 1890, 1. by New Haven Ass. of Cong. Chs. (Missionary 
in Japan, 1890-95, Cleveland, O., Denison Ave., 1896-99, Baltimore, 2d, 
1899-1900. Supplying Congregational Churches). S.S., Long Island 

City (Sunny Side), 1919 . Page in House of Representatives, Vt., 

when 13 years old. General Sec. N.Y. Bible Society. Lecturer, Bd. of 
Education, N.Y.C. Not Reformed. 
Publications : "The Church in Our Town" — manv articles for the press. 

Sewall, Albert Cole, b. in Blue Hill, Me., March 25"; 1845; W.C. 67, Aub. 
Sem. 70, ord. by Presbyt. of Lyons, N.Y., Oct. 13, 71; (Newark, N.J., 
70-3, Williamstowm, Mass., 73-..); Schenectady, 86-99. Presbyterian 

1901 . d. 1918. 

Publication : "Life of Prof. Albert Hopkins," 1879. 

Seward, Dwight M., b. at Durham, Ct., July 31, 1811; Y.C. 1831. New 

Haven Div. Sch. 1835: (New Britain, Ct., 1835-41, Middlefield, Ct., 

1841-3, West Hartford, 1843-9), Yonkers, 1851-2; Yonkers, Presbyt. 

1852-70; w. c. Died Jan. 17, 1901. 

He was in the ministry 66 years. In Yale College he had for classmates 

President Porter of Yale, and Bishop Clark of R. I. For the last sixteen 

years of his life he lived at South Norwalk, Ct., and was known as "The 

Bishop of the Coast." 

Shafer, Jesse F., lie. CI. Orange, 1876; (Audereid, Carbon Co., Pa., 
1877 ). 

Shafer. Luman J., b. Richmondville, N.Y., Nov. 21, 1887. R.C. 1909, N.B.S. 
1912, 1. by CI. N.B. 1912. Missionary to Japan. 1912. Acting Princi- 
pal Steele Academy. Acting Home Sec, Bd. F.M., 1917-18. 
Publications: Hist, of Society of Inquirv. Articles in the Int. 

Shafer, Theodore, b. Cedar Hill, Albany Co., N.Y., Mar. 16, 1855; R.C. 
79, N.B.S. 82, 1. CI. Albanv; Trinity, Newark, N.T., 82-3, Greenwich, 
(Union Village), N.Y.. 83-5, Schagticoke, N.Y., 86-9, Hillsborough, 
N.J., 1889-1904, Manito, 111., 1904-07. (Cong., Trinidad, Col., 1907- 
. 09, Kansas City, Kan., 1909-10, Tonganoxie, Kan., 1910-16). Manito, 
111. (Spring Lake), 1916-21. 

Shafer, Thomas L., b. in Berne, N.Y., Aug. 3, 1806; 1. CI. Schoharie, 1859; 
North Blenheim, 59-61, North Blenheim and Breakabin, 61-7, Sharon, 
71-4, w. c. Died April 10, 1887. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1887, 436. 

Shannon, F. F. Presbyterian. Brooklyn, Church on the Heights, 1914- 
19. (Presbyterian, 1920. Central Church, Chicago, 1920 ). D.D. 

Sharpley, Geo., b. in Eng. ; Homerton Coll., London ; studied theol. under 
Rev. Tas. Bedell, Manchester; lie. CI. Montgomery, 1874; Mapletown, 
74-1883. Pella, 2d, 1887-92. 

Sharpley, George H., b. England, Dec. 17, 1864. R.C. 88, N.B.S. 88-9. 
Episcopalian. 

Shaul. See Schaul. 

Shaw, Alex., b. Aberdeen, Scotland, May 19, 1838; High School, Perth, 
Scotland, 53-6; U.S. 69; lie. Presb. N.Y. 69; ord. CI. Bergen, 69; Miss. 



THE MINISTRY 499 

at West End, Jersey City, 67-72. at Bethany Chapel, Brooklyn, 72-6, 
at 54th St.. N.Y.C., Grace Refd. Ch., 76-9, Miss, of 5th av. Prcsbyt. Ch. 
(Dr. John Hall's) in King St., N.Y.C., 79-81, S.S. Guttenberg, N.J., 
81-5, Long Island City. 1885-1915. 

Shaw, John B.. from Rutland Assoc. Vt.. 1852; Tiossiock, 52-9, d. 1865. 

Shaw, J. Edward, I). Newark. Del.. July 22, 1869. Dickinson Col. 1907. 
N.B.S. 1907. Methodist Episcopal. 

Shaw, John Fletcher, b. Ithaca, N.Y., Nov. 13, 1844; R.C. 1865, N.B.S. 
68; Athens. Pa., 68-70, Walpack Lower. 1870-7, (Presb., Andover, 
N.J., 78-81. (Pres., North Port. L.I., 82-5). Hyde Park, N.Y., 85-93, 
Schodack, 93-97. (Pres. Newfield, N.Y., 1898-1900, Barre, N.Y., 
1900-03. Afton, N.Y., 1903 

Shaw. Wm. A., b. New Berlin, N.Y., July 22, 1827; Madison University, 
N.Y. ; N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. Monmouth; Marbletown, 59-60, Wiltwyck 
Station, Miss. to. 60-4. Wiltwyck, 64-72, w. c. ; S.S. Cold Spring, 78-9, 
S.S. Wiltwyck, W.A. 1879-91, w. c. Preparing young men for Theo- 
logical Seminary. Died Sept. 3, 1901. Min. Gen. Syn., 1902, 209. 

Sheffer. Homer Lewis, b. Linlithgo. N.Y.. April 23, 1890; R.C., 1913, A.AL 
N.Y. Univ. 1916, N.B.S. 1916. 1. by CI. N.B. Port Ewen. N.Y., 1916-17. 
Acting Pastor, Bogota,, Bogart Memorial, 1917-18, Greenbush, N.Y., 

1919-21, Saugerties, N.Y., 1922 

PuBLic.'VTiox : The Social Necessity of Segregating the Seriously De- 
fective. 

Sheffield, John H., b. 1811; U.N.Y'. 3y, N.B.S. 40, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 
North Hempstead, 43-6, Miss, to the West, 46-7, Miss, to the poor and 
destitute in Indiana, 49, died 1863. 
See Manual. 1902. 

Shelland, William H. S.S. Columbia, N.Y., 1895-6. 

Shepard, Chas. J., b. N.Y.C.. Jan. 21, 1827; R.C. 50, N.B.S. 53, 1. CI. N.Y.; 
Pompton Plains, 53-8, Linlithgow. 58-67. Newtown. 67-91, in California, 
91-92. Hasbrouck Heights. 1893-1903, d. Oct. 6. Pres. Partic. Synod 
N.Y.. 1879; of Gen. Syn., 1887; of Partic. Synod of N.B., 1896; 

Member Bd. Dom. Miss., 1870-91, Pres. Bd. Pub. 1896 . Pres, 

Alumni Assoc. N.B.S. 1900-1. D.D. by R.C, 1891. 
Dr. Shepard overcame great obstacles to enter the ministry, but he never 

regretted his decision and the fruit of his labors proved his call from God. 
The experiences of his life developed a singular symmetrical character 

which was beautiful in the sight of all. Hence he was not only useful 

but singularly happy in his four pastorates. In none was he more happy 

than in his last, the pastorate of his old age. He died in his harness. 

See Min. Gen. Syn., 1904, 841. 

Shephard, Robert L. S.S. College Point, L.I., 1901-07. 

Sherwood, Nathan M.. b. Fishkill, N.Y., Feb. 17. 1839; N.B.S. 61-2, U.S. 
62-4, ord. by Prcsbyt. of Ct. 65; (Patterson, N.Y., 65-8), S.S. Cold 
Spring. 68-9. (Elmira, N.Y., 69-75, Washingtonville. N.Y., 75-85. Jer- 
sey City, 85-92). S.S. Linden. N.J., 1893-1904, pastor 1904-05, d. Oct. 
14. 1908. Min. Gen. Syn., 1909, 535. 

Shield, Frederick K., b. La Crosse, Wis., March 23, 1868. Mission House 
Col., Sheboygan, Wis., 1889. Sec. Y. M. C. A.. 1889-92. N.B.S. 1895, 
1. by CI. N.B. Linlithgo, 1895-1902, Rosendale Plains, 1902-04. New Hur- 
lev, 1904-06, Jersey Citv, Wavne St., 1906-C9, Long Branch, 1909-11, 
Highland Park. 1911-18, Y. M. C. A. War Work, 1918, Associate 
Pastor, Bogota. Bogart Memorial, 1919 

Shield. Frederick K.. Jr. (son of Rev. F. K. Shield), b. Baltimore, Md., 
March 5. 1893. RC. 1915. N.B.S. 1918, 1. by CI. N.B. Paterson, 
Church of the Covenant, Assi.stant, 1918-19, Coxsackie, N.Y., 2d, 
1919 

Sliimcall, Richard C, from Rensselaerville Bapt. Assoc. ; Miss, in Riving- 
ton St., N.Y.C.. 1S27-8, Pompton, 1828-0, New Prospect, 1829-31, 
Presbvt. Died March 19, 1874. "Mag. R.'D.C," ii., 282. 



500 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Publications : "Age of the World," pp. 364. 1842. — "Hist of Prot. Epis. 
Ch., 1784-1844," in "Rupp's Hist, of Relig. Denominations." — App. to 
"Watt's Script. Hist." 1846. — "End of Prelacy." 8vo, pp. 520. 1852. — 
Illuminated Chart of Sacred Hist., Chronology, Geog. and Genealogy. A 
Complete Ecc. Chart from the Earliest Records. — Sacred Hist, in Questions 
and Answers. — A Treatise on Prayer. — "Our Bible Chronology, Hist, and 
Prophetic," pp. 234. 1859. — "Christ's Second Coming." 1864. — "Startling 
Facts : N.Y.C. the Greatest Mission Field." 1864. — "The Unseen World." — 
Letter to Jas. Lenox, Esq., on the "Prophetic Aspects of the Times." 
1866. — "Prophetic Career and Destiny of Napoleon HL" 1866. — "Post- 
Millenarianism Only 150 Years Old." 1867. — "Distinction between the last 
Personal Antichrist, and the many Antichrists of Prophecy." 1868. 
Shipherd, Theodore M. Presbyterian. Coxsackie, ist, N.Y., 1902-04. 

Congregational. 
Shook, Herman H., b. Napanoch, N.Y., Feb. 28, 1846; lie. by N. CI. L.L, 
Nov. 12, 83. ord. by N. CI. L.L, Feb. 5, 1902; S.S..at Fairfield, Oct. 84- 
Jan., 85, at West New Hempstead, Ap.-Sept., 85, at Greenwood Heights, 
May, 93-Ap., 94, at Cold Spring, June, 95-July, 96, at Canajoharie, Oct.- 
Dec, 97, supplying churches almost weekly at other times ; pastor. Lo- 
cust Valley, 1902-1905. A lawyer, d. Aug. 11, 1916. Min. Gen. Syn., 
1917, 252. 
Sickles, Jacob, b. at Tappan, Jan. 24, 1772; C.C. 1792, studied under Froe- 
ligh and Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y., 1794; Schenectady, assisting Ronieyn, 
1794-7, Coxsackie :and Coeymans, 1797-1801. Kinderhook, 1801-35, d. 
1845. D.D. by R.C., 1838. See Manual, 1902. 
Siegers, Peter, b. Flushing, Netherlands. Feb. 23, 1865; Gymnasium of 
Middleberg, Netherlands, 84; W.S. 93, 1. CI. Holland; Danforth, 111.. 
93-7, Kalamazoo. 97-9, Holland, Mich., 99-1900, Prof, of Dutch and 
Instructor in Latin and Greek. Hope College, 1900-1, Sheboygan, Wis., 
1900-19C9, South Blendon, Mich.. 1909-13. Lafayette, Ind., 1913-17, 
Paterson, N.J. (Hoi.), ist, 1917, Roseland, Minn, 1917-21, Silver 
Creek, Maple Lake, Minn., 1921. 
Siemsen, Dirk, b. June 25, 1868, Greetsiel. Germany. German University, 
Mission House, Shebovgan, Wis.. 189;. 1. bv Shebovgan Classis, Ref. 
Ch. U.S. (Odebolt, la., Ref. Ch. U.S.^ i895-'i903. Monroe, S.D., 1903- 

08, Parkersburg, la., 1908 

Sietsema, John, b. Coopersville, Mich., Ap. 21, 1867; H.C. 91, W.S. 94, lie. 
by CI. Grand River; Sheboygan. (Hope Ch.) and Sheboygan Falls, 
94-8, Sheboygan, 98-1900, Ootsburg, 1900-1904, Grand Rapids, 8th, 
1904-11, Chicago, 111., Gano, 1911-19, Little Falls, N.J., 2d, 1919 — — . 
Missionary to Dutch Immigrants, N.Y., 1921. 
Sigafoos, Orville Lincoln, b. Upper Black Eddy, Pa.. June 21, 1872; Laf. 
Coll. 94, U.S. 97, ord. CI. Westchester; Hastings-on-Hudson, 1897- 
1904, Pompton Plains, N.J.. 1904-10. d. Nov. 16, 191 1. Ph.D.. Harriman 
.Col. 
A young man who had already accomplished much, cut down in his early 
prime. See Min. Gen. Syn.. 1912, 564. 

Sill, Geo. G., b. 1791, Copperas, (Brunswick). 111.. 1841-9, died 1859. 
Simanton. Thomas McCauley, b. April 24, 1872, Vienna, N.J. L.F. Col. 
1896, P.S. 1899, 1. by Pres. of Newton 1899. (Presbyterian, Lower 
Valley, Califon, 1899-1903). Peapack, N.J., 1903-14. (Presbyterian. 
Chester, N.Y., 1914-20, Pleasantville, N.J., 192c ). Pres. of Som- 
erset Co. C.E. of Bernardsville Ministerial Ass. 
Simmons, Fred, b. Dec. 8, i860, Saranac, N.Y. Troy Conference Acd. 
1884. Drew Sem. 1888, 1. by Newark M.E. Conference 1889. ALE. 

pastorates. S.S., Glen, N.Y., 1920 

Simms, J. Denton, b. Sulphur Bluff, Texas, Aug. 16, 1888. East Texas 
Normal College 1907. Los Angeles Bible Institute, 1. by Presbytery of 
Dallas. Jicarilla Apache Indian Mission, 1914 



THE MINISTRY '501 

Simonson. John, b. near Somerville, N.J., 1817; R.C. 42, N.B.S. 45, 1. CI. 
of Philadelphia; West Farms, 45-51, Bethlehem, ist, 52-64, Plainfield, 
(Central), 64-9, West Farms, 71-81, \v. c. Died May 11, 1889. 
Sec Manual, 1902. 

Simpson, A. H. S.S., Ccntrevillc, Mich., 1906-07. 

Simpson, Wm. Ewell, b. Philadelphia, Feb. 10, 1877. R.C. 1901, N.B.S. 
1904, 1. by CI. N.B. South Philadelphia, 1904-06, West Hurley and 
Woodstock, 1906-10, Cobleskill and Howe's Cave, 1910-15, Greenbush, 
N.Y., 191 5-18, Piermont, 1918-22, Mahwah, N.J., 1922 

Sims, Newell LeRoy, ord. by Ch. of the Disciples. U.T.S. Greenville, 
N.Y., 1912-14. Congregational, 1914. 

Sinclair, J. H., from Fourth Presbyt. N.Y. ; Richmond, S.I., 1866-75. 

Sinclair, William, b. May 10, 1874, Pulteneytown, Scotland. P. Univ. 
1904, U.S. 1907 and studied in P.S. 03-C4, Hart. Sem. 04-06, 1. by 
Pres. of Brooklyn 1907. ( Wolvendaal Ref. Dutch Ch, Colombo, Cey- 
lon, 1907-11, Ass., 1st Pres. Ch., Yonkers, 1911-12). Roxbury, N.Y., 
Gould Memorial, 1913-18. (ist Presbyterian, Darien, Noroton, Conn., 
1918 ). Pres. Catskill Clerical Club, 1914-16. Fellow of Am. Geo- 
graphical See. Delegate of Ref. Ch. in Am. to Canadian Pres. Ch., 1917. 

Sizoo, Joseph R., b. Gorinchen, Neth., Alay 15, 1884. H.C. 1907, N.B.S. 
1910, 1. by CI. 111., 1910. Missionary to India, 1910-11. Walden, N.Y., 

1911-17, Somerville, N.J., Raritan, 2d, 1917 . Ex. Com. N.J. State 

S.S. Ass. Trustee and Vice-Pres. of N.J. C.E. Union. 

Skellenger, Daniel W., b. Chester, N.J., Feb. 26, 1856. R.C. 1882, N.B.S. 
85, 1. CI. N.B.; Franklin, N.J., 1885-6. Presbyterian. D.D., Emporia 
Col., Kan., 1907. Highland Univ., Kan., 1907. 

Skillman, Wm. J., b. Ten Mile Run, N.J.; R.C. i860, N.B.S. 63, 1. CI. 
N.B.; Macon and South Macon, 63-8, South Bend, 68-72, Bethlehem, 
ist, 72-83, (Sioux Falls, S.D., 83-4, and 2d. Flandeau, S.D., 84-86), 
Sioux Falls, 86-93. Philadelphia, Talmage Memorial, 94-6, Editor of 
'"City and State," Philadelphia, 1896-1901, Philadelphia, South, 1901-03, 
d. Feb. 22, 1914. Min. (jen. Syn., 1914, 251. 
Publications : Many articles in the secular and religious press. Editor 

Sioux Falls Journal, Citv and State. 

Skinner, Thos. Harvey, b' Philadelphia, Pa., Oct. 6, 1820; U.N.Y. 40, U.S. 
40-2, A.S. 42-3, U.S. 43, ord. Presbyt. Newark, Dec. 8, 1843; (Paterson, 
N.J., 43-6, N.Y.C., 46-55, Honesdale, Pa., 56-9) ; Stapleton, S.I., 59-68; 
(Fort Wayne, Ind., 68-71. Cincinnati, O., 71-81, Prof. Did. and Polemic 
Theologv. in McCormick Sem., Chicago, 1881-92), d. Jan. 4. D.D. by 
C.N.J. 1867. 

Slauson, Hiram, b. Greenville, N.Y., Dec. 5, 1810; U.C. Z"], U.S. 40, ord. by 
Cong., Sept. 17, 1840; (Whitehall, N.Y., 40-42); Northumberland, 
43-53. Port Jervis, 53-57; (Unionville, Ct., Cong., 57-58, (S.S.) E. 
Whitehall, N.Y., 58-62) ; New Salem and Clarksville, N.Y., 62-66, 
S..S. (Presb.), Spencertown, N.Y., 66-69, w. c). Died Dec. 5, 1891. See 
"Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1892, 654. 
Publication : Hist. Sermon at Port Jervis. 

Slingerland, Elbert, b. at Albany, N.Y., Dec. 2, 1800; N.B.S. 24, 1. CI. N.B. ; 
Glenville, ist. 24-33, Chittenango, 33-4, Westerlo, 34-6, Waterford, 36-7, 
Wyantskill, 37-40. Madison and Sun Prairie, 44-6, New Hurley, 46-54, 
Mohawk, 55-6, Glenville, 2d, 57-60, Hagaman's Mills, 60-2, S.S., Mo- 
hawk, 65-6, emeritus, 1870; died 1875. See Manual of 1879. 
PiHLiCATioNS : Two Scrmons on "Baptism." 1858. — "A Charge to 2d 

R.D.C., Glenville, at Install, of Rev. Jas. Murphv, 1827. "Mag. R.D.C.," i. 

304. 

Slocum. Geo. M. Dallas, b. at Schuylerville, N.Y., Jan. 24, 1845; U.C. 75, 
N.B.S. 78, lie. S. CI. L.I., Knox and Berne, 2d, 79-83, (Cong., Gilman, 
la., 1884). 

Sluyter, Henry, b. Holland, Mich., March in, 1873. H.C. 1899, W.T.S. 



502 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1899-1901, N.B.S. 1902, 1. by CI. G.R. 1902. Berne and Beaverdani, 
1902-04, Coxsackie, ist, 1904-10, Comanche Mission, Lawton, Okl., 
1910-13. (Pres. Anchorage, Ky., 1913-15). College Point, L.I., 1915- 

20, Paterson, N.J., 2d, 1920 . Member Bd. D.M., and Ex. Com. 

Sluyter, Richard, b. at Nassau, N.Y., 1787; N.B.S. 1815, 1. CI. N.B.; Clave- 

rack, and Hillsdale, 16-25, Claverack, 25-42, Claverack, ist and 2d, 42, 
Claverack, ist, 43, died. Also supplied Ghent for seven years. 
He was singularly blessed of God to the salvation of souls. See Man- 
ual, 1902. 

Smalz, John Henry. Q.C. 1818, N.B.S. 19, 1. CI. N.B.; German Reformed; 
d. 1861. 

Smart, John Gardner, b. Baltimore, Md., Sept. 30, 1840; Am. C. 68, P.S. 
71, 1. Presbyt. N.B.; supplied Presbyt. Ch. of Schagticoke, 6 months; 
ord. by CI. Saratoga, ■/2, Union Village, (Greenwich), N.Y., 72-81, 
traveled in the Orient, 82, (S.S. Norwood, Presb., 83-5), Schoharie, 
85-92. Editor and publisher of "The Washington Co. Post," Cam- 
bridge, N.Y., 1892 

Smidt, H. T. Forreston, 111., 1890-3, Peoria, 94-5. 

Smit, John, b. Drenthe, Neth., March 2, 1842. Kampen Theo. Sch., lie. 
CI. Paramus, 1883; Wortendyke, 83-6, Pella, 3d, 86-91, Luctor, Kan., 
92-3, Paterson, People's Park, 1893-1911, d. Oct. 25. See Min. Gen. 
Syn., 1912, 566. 

Smit, Roelof. Drenthe, 1851-3, seceded. 

Smith, Arthur J., b. Aug. i, 1865, Bury, Canada, an evangelist; entered 
R.C.A. 1892; partial course N.B.S. 94-5; w. c. 92-6, (Savannah, Ga., 
1st, 1896-1899. Supt. Evangelistic Com., N.Y.C., 1908-11. D.D., 
Harriman Univ. 
Publication : "Without Excuse." 

Smith, Benjamin Milton, b. New York; Alliance College 1896; ord. by 
the Christian Church 1896. (Christian, Watertown and Stanfordville, 
N.Y., Cong., Pawtucket, R.I., Cresskill, N.J., Pres., May's Landing, 
N.J., 1916-18). S.S., Highwood, N.J., 1918, New Hyde Park, N.Y., 
1920-21, d. Nov. 30. 
Publication : The Bible at a Glance. 

Smith, Charles Barnabas, b. Nov. 16, 1859, Cooper's Plains, N.Y. Corning 
Acd. Adequate private study, 1. by Bapt. Ch. 1880. (Baptist, East 
Troupsburg, N.Y., Serman, N.Y., Rushford, N.Y., Smithport, Pa., 
Warren, Pa., Elizabeth, Pa., ist, Herkimer. N.Y., 1900-1904, Orange, 
Mass., 1904-06, business, 1906-08, Jordansville, N.Y., 1908-17, Rhinebeck, 
N.Y., 1917-19), St. John's Ref., Upper Red Hook, N.Y., S.S., 1919- 

21, pastor, 1921 

Smith, Charles W., b. Fonda, N.Y., July 29, 1883. R.C. 1909-10, N.B.S. 
1913, 1. by CI. Montgomery 1913; Lawyersville and Sharon, 1913-18, 

Hageman, 191 8 

Smith, E. E. S.S.. Cicerco. N.Y., 1890-91. 

Smith, Henry, b. Rifton Glen. N.Y., Sept. 18, i860; Oakwood Sem. 81, 
studied with ministers, privately; lie. by Congregationalists. (In Cong, 
chs., 81-96) ; Montrose, 96-8, Cobles'kill, 98-1901, Cicero, 1901-1902, 
Glen, N.Y., 1901-03, Woodbourne (Fallsburgh), 1916-18, Port Jervis, 
West End, 1918-19. 
Smith, John, w. c. 1849-78. 

Smith, Marshall B. Epis. Theolog. Sem.. Va., 1859 ; ord. a deacon, 58, a 
Presbyter, 59; (Wilmington, Del, 58-9, Dover, Del., 59-60, Passaic, 
N.J., 60-8, all Episcopal) ; entered R.C.A. 1869, on account of Roman- 
izing tendencies in Epis. Ch. ; Spring Valley, N.Y., 69-70, w. c. En- 
tered Ref. Episcopal Ch., 1874.— Also editor of "Prot. Churchman." 
1867-9, re-entered R.C.A. 1882, d. Sept. 
Publications : "Thanksgiving for Victory." 1863. — "The Wise De- 
cision" : A Ser. commem. of Edward M. Pell. 1864.— "The Office and 



THE MINISTRY 5O3 

Duty of the Church of God" : A Scr. at the Opening of the 83d Annual 
Convention of the Diocese of N.J. 1866. — "God's Mightj' Doings for the 
Nation." 1864. — Many contributions to the press. 

Smith, Mortimer, b. Austerlitz. N.Y., July 7. 1842; U.C. 65; U.T.S. 67, 
Lane Th. Sem. 68, ord. by Cong. Miami Conf. 68; (S.S. at the follow- 
ing places: Canfield, O., 70-1, Wilton, la.. 72-4; Pierce City, Mo., 
79-80, Byron, 111., 8c-2, Shopiere, Wis., 83-5, Bloomington, Wis., 85-7; 
also U.S. Gov. Surveyor, Dakota Ter., 75-6) ; Germantovvn, N.Y., 
87-95, w. c. Disappears 1905. 
Smith. Nicholas Everitt. b. Jamaica, L.I., 1820; R.C. 41, N.B.S. 45, 1. CI. 
N.Y.; Miss, at Port Washington, Mon. Co., 45-47, Oyster Bay, 47-52, 
Brooklyn, Middle, 52-70, Plaintield, Central, 70-1. (Plainfield. Cong.), 
71-80. Died June 18, 1890. — See "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1891, 
20. 
Smith, Samuel, studied under Livingston, lie. by Synod of D.R. Chs. 1789; 

Saratoga, 1789-1800; also Buskirk's Bridge. 1792-1800, (Presb.). 
Smith, Thos. Gibson, b. 1756. in Scotland; c. to America, 1774, studied 
under Mason, lie. by Assoc. Refd. Presb. Ch. May 27, 1789; (Little 
Britain and Shawangunk, Assoc. Ref.), 1791-9, Kleyn Esopus and 
Bloomingdale. 1799-1801. Kleyn Esopus, Bloomingdale and Hurley, 
1801-8. Tarrytown. 1808-12. Tarrytown, (and Greenburgh, Presbyt.), 
12-20. Tarrytown and Unionville. 20-37, died April ic. 
He identified himself with the party of libert\', soon after he came to 
America, and took some active part in the war. At its close he determined 
to prepare for the ministry, in which he labored for almost half a century. 
He was strongly attached to the standards of his Church, and gave a promi- 
nence to them in his preaching. His manner was discriminating, and rich 
in evangelical sentiment ; it was also eminently experimental and practical. 
This made him a fa\orite preacher with the aged and experienced. He was 
favored with several revivals. His body, possessed of great vigor and 
strength, was the type of his mind. 

Smith. T. Moore. S.S., \\'est New Hempstead. 1910-11. 
Smith. William, b. Glasgow, 1840. R.C. 1863, N.B.S. 63-4, Hudson, 80-5. 

Presbyterian, d. Feb. 23. 1892. 
Smith. Wm. H. U.C. 1863; Ephratah, 1865-8, also S.S. at Tillaborough, 

1868. (Presbyt., 1868-76). Little Falls. N.J.. 1876-8. Died 1880. 

Smith, William Richmond, (s. of Rev. Robert Smith), b. in Lancaster Co., 

Pa., 1752; C.N.J. 17.., (Wilmington, Del., 1780-94), Neshanic and 

Harlingen, 1794-1817, d. 1820. Elected a trustee of Queen's Coll. 1800. 

See Manual. 1902. 

Smitz, Bastian. H.C. 1881, N.B.S. 84. lie. Stone Ridge. 84-5. Constantine, 

Smock. John H.. b. Freehold. N.J.. Jan. 20. 1836: R.C. 63, N.B.S. 66. 1. CI. 
Monmouth; Oyster Bay, 1866-71, Readington. 1871-83, Oyster Bay and 
Locust Valley, 83-96, S.S., Locust Valley. 96-8. w. c. d. Jan. 7, 1903. 
See Min. Gen. Syn., 1903, 526. 

Smuller, Henry W., b. in Middletown, Dauphin Co., Pa., 1808; Oberlin 
Coll., studied theology in Buffalo; (Presbyt.. Alden, Alexander and 
Oakfield. Genesee Co.. N.Y.. 18..-..); Kingston, 2d, 1849-53; (Pres- 
byterian, Kingston, ist, 18..-..; Carmel, N.Y., 18..-..; Eastmouth, 
N.Y., 18.. -73. Died Oct. 15. 1881. 

Smyth, George Hutchinson, b. Antrim Co.. Ballymena, Ireland. March 20. 
1839; U.N.Y. 62, Allegheny Sem. and P.S. 64. ord. by Presbyt. District 
of Columbia. Oct. 16. 64; (Washington. 6th, 64-9. Wilmington, Del., 
69-72. chaplain. House of Refuge. Randall's Island, N.Y'.C, 73-6), 
Harlem Collegiate, N.Y.C., 81-91. (Augustine. Florida, 1891. w. c). 
Publications: Contributions to "Magazine of Am. Hist."; to the "N. 

Y. Observer." "Ch. Int.," "Evangelist," etc. "Hist, of Ref. Dutch Ch. of 

Harlem." 



504 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Snyder, Benjamin Franklin, b. at Saugerties, N.Y., 1826; R.C. 46, N.B.S. 
49, 1. CI. Ulster; Bloomingdale, 50-2, Miss, at Alt. Vernon, 52-4, Ar- 
cadia, 55-6, Schodack, 56-68, (S.S. Presbyt. Ch., Acra, N.Y., 69), w. c. 
Died Ap. 14, 1889. 
He was a preacher of more than ordinary ability, presenting truth in a 

fresh and suggestive style, and from a well-furnished mind. He preached 

usually and acceptably without notes. He was manly and sincere in his 

dealings with men, genial and companionable, and made warm friends. He 

was one of the founders of the H. R. Ministerial Association, and a valued 

participant in its meetings. — See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1889, 918. — "Biog. 

Notices of Grads. R.C," 1889, 22. 

Snyder, DeWitt C. Huguenot, S.I., 1911-18, d. 1919. 

Snyder, George Niver, b. Honesdale, Pa., Mar. 2"/, 1844; Ham. Col. 68; 
U.T.S. 71 ; ord. CI. Westchester, Jan. 13, 1871 ; Greenburgh, 71-2; (S.S. 
White Plains, N.Y., 1872, d. Nov. 2). 

Snyder, G. W. See Schneyder. 

Snyder, Henry. Miss, to Frankford and Schuyler, (Herkimer Co., N.Y.), 
1829-30, Herkimer, 1831. 

Somer, ■ . Beaverdam, 1765-7. 

Sonnema, Charles J. Raritan, 111., 1889-92, Centreville, Mich., 92-5, Bush- 
nell, 95-7, Pekin, 111., 97-1900, S.S. at Havana, 111., 1900-1. Presbyter- 
ian. 

Soper, Willard Philander, b. Verona, N.Y., Aug. 14, 1882. Ham. Col. 
1904, U.S. 1907, 1. by Pres. Utica 1907. (Pres., Assistant, Central, 
Brooklyn, N.Y., J907-09). Castleton, Emmanuel, 1909-14. (Pres., 
Clinton, N.J., 1914-18). Bergen, N.J., ist, 1918-21. (Pres., Stamford, 
Conn., 1921^ ). 

Southard, James Lott, b. Newark, N.J., Jan. 13, 1844; R.C. 66, N.B.S. 69. 
1. S. CI. Bergen; Woolcot, 69-81, Buskirks-. 81-91, Griggstown, 1891- 
1902, w. c. d. March 17, 1906. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1906. 
Publications: Many articles for the press. 

Spaan, Cornelius H., b. Pella, la., Feb. 10, 1875. H.C. 1899, P.S. 1904, 1. 
by CI. Iowa. Cordell, Okl., 1904-11, Grand Rapids, Mich., Grace, 
1912 . S.C, CI. Mich. 

Spann, M. C. Timmonsville, S.C, 1903-11. 

Spaulding, Arthur (s. of Cyril Spaulding), b. Athens, N.Y., Nov. 18, 1866; 
R.C. 90, U.S. 93, 1. Presbyt. N.Y. ; Assistant, Passaic, ist, 94-6, (Bain- 
bridge. N.Y., Presb., 1895-1905, Salem, N.Y., 1905 

Spaulding, Cyril, b. at Westerlo, N.Y., June 14. 1818; R.C 41, N.B.S. 46, 
1. CI. N.B. New Rhinebeck and Cobleskill, 46-49. New Rhinebeck, 49-52, 
Blooming Grove, 52-56, Rotterdam, 2d. 56-60. Athens, ist and 2d, 60- 
66, Athens, ist, 66-68, Shawangunk, 68-82, Spotswood, N.J., 1883-90, 
emeritus. Died Aug. 9. 1896. 
See Manual. 1902. 

Sperling, Isaac, b. Kingston. N.J.. Nov. 15, i860; R.C. 87-90, N.B.S. 93. 1. 
CI. N.B. South Branch, 1893-1917. d. Nov. 7. 
He was a good man and faithful pastor. Min. Gen. Syn., 1918. 598. 
Publication : "Hist. Discourse at Semi-Centen., South Branch Church." 

1900. 

Spinner. John P.. b. at Werbach. Ger.. (Electorate of Mentz). Jan. 18, 1768. 
Gym. of Bishopsheim; University of Mentz, 1788; studied theology in 
a Roman Catholic Theolog. Sem. Consecrated to Holy Orders in Rom. 
Cath. Ch., 1789; became a Protestant. 1800. Rec'd into Classis of Al- 
bany. 1801 ; German Flats and Herkimer. 1801-41. German Flats, 41- 
1848. d. May 2^. 
He was dedicated to the office of the Roman Catholic priesthood when 

eleven years of age. Besides the ordinary branches of mathematics, the 

languages, philosophy and theology, he was thoroughly acquainted with the 

law and medicine. During his priesthood in Germany he assisted at the 



THE MINISTRY 505 

funerals of two Emperors, viz., Joseph II. and Leopold II. Soon after re- 
nouncing Romanism he married Mary Magdale Fidelis Boumanted, of 
Laire. This was in 1801. He left Germany for America on May 12, 1801, 
and was sixty-three days on the passage. While a pastor for more than 
forty years, he was al.so, at the same time, Professor during eighteen 
months of this time in a High School in Utica. He preached at first in 
German altogether, but subsequently alternated German and English. He 
was the father of Gen. F. E. Spinner, for many years U. S. Treasurer. 
See "College and School," Ap. i8go — "The Spinner Number," for sketch; 
with sketch also of Gen. F. E. Spinner. 

Spoer. Hans H., b. Crefield, Germany. Aug. i, 1873. Bloomfield Acd. 
Dept., N.B.S. 1898, 1. by CI. Paramus. Wanted to go to a Uni- 
tarian Association in Mass. Licen.se revoked by Classis of Paramus. 
Post-graduate U.S., 1899-1900, 1901-02, Am. Sch. of Archaeology 
and Oriental Research of Jerusalem, 1903-05, 1907-08. Fellow do. 
1904-05. Lecturer in Hebrew, etc., Meadville Theo. Sch., 1905-06, 
Lecturer in Hebrew, etc., Licefield Theo. College, England, 1909-10. 
Ordained in Church of England, 191 1. St. Peter's Collegiate Ch., 

Wolverhampton. Eng., 1916 . Ph.D., N.Y. Univ., 1909. 

PuBLic.\Tio.N" : Manual of Palestine Arabic, 1909. 
Spring, John Christian, b. New Philadelphia, Ohio, Nov. 11, 1882. Mt. 
Union Col. 1910, Drew Sem. 1913, 1. by North East Ohio Conference 
190S. Ord. New Jersey Conference 1912. (M.E. pastorates, 1908-18). 

Schraalenburg. Dumont, N.J., 1919 . D.D., Franklin Col., 1917. 

Sproul, Nathaniel J., b. Dufferin Co., Ontario, Canada. Queens Univ., King- 
ston, Canada, P. Univ. 1891, P.S. 1893, 1. by Pres. Monmouth 1893. 
(Pres.. Englishtown. 1893-99, Dunellen, 1899-1903, Quincy, ist, Mass., 

1903-08, Newport, R.I., 1908-18). Somerville, N.J., ist, Raritan, 1918 . 

Moderator, Synod of New England, 1917-18. 
Publications: Presbyterianism and its Contribution to Liberty, 1912. 
The Headship of the Church, 1907. 

Staats, Bergen Brokaw, b. Fair Hill, Md., Ap. 15, 1853; R.C. 76, N.B.S. 
79, 1. CI. N.B. ; West Hurley, 79-82, Coxsackie, ist, 82-90, Hclderberg, 
go-6. Long Branch, 1897-1905, Wanaque. N.J., 1905-07, Hasbrouck 
Heights, N.J., 1907-12. (Pres., S.S., Starke, Fla., 1913, Candler and 
Hawthorne, Fla., 1913-17, Pastor Auburndale and Lake Alfred, Fla., 

1917-20, Kennedvsville and Georgetown, Md., 1920 

Staats, John A., b. at Millstone, N.J., Dec, 1816; R.C. 3,6, N.B.S. 40. 
1. CI. N.B. Clintonville, N.J., 40-1, Preakness. 43-61, Blooming Grove. 
61-6, w. c. Died at Goshen, N.Y., Feb. 3, 1891. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Staehli, John b. Zurich, Switzerland, Nov. 29, 1858. N.B.S. 1883, ord. by 
CI. Bergen, 83; Jersey City, ist, Ger. Evang. 83-1891, d. Oct. i, 1896. 
Stanbrough, Rufus M., b. Montgomery, N.Y., Sept. 29, 1832. R.C. 1858, 
N.B.S. 61; Manheim and Indian Castle, (Danube), 61-76, Columbia, 
76-81. Stone Arabia, 81-5, West Hurley and Stewartsville, 85-1893, 
w. c. d. June 21, 1905. Min. Gen. Syn.. 1906, 604. 
Stanton, Royal A., b. Lawyersville, N.Y., Sept. 13. 1886. In CI. 1913, 
R.C. W.T.S. 1914, 1. by CI. Schoharie. Ephratah and Stone Arabia, 

J914-20, Johnstown, N.Y., 1920 

Publication. s : The Minister and the Press. Articles in Int. 
Staplekamp, Evert W.. b. Cedar Grove. Wis.. Sept. 21, 1858; H.C. 83. 
N.B.S. 86, 1. CI. Grand River; Grand Haven. 2d. 86-8, Cedar Grove, 
Wis.. 88-94. Kalamazoo, ist. 1894-1901. Orange City, ist, 1901-07. d. 
1908. June 24. Min. Gen. Syn., 1909, 535. 
Starks, Jared L. Bowman's Creek, (now Buel), 1840-12. S.S.. Columbia 
and Mohawk, 42-3. Mohawk and German Flats, and S.S., Frankford, 
43-4. Mohawk and Frankfort, 44-6, Mohawk. 46-52, Fort Herkimer, 
S.S., 48-53, \v. c. Fort Herkimer, 1861-2, d. 



506 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Statesir, Benj. Tilton, b. in Monmouth Co., N.J., Dec. 2, 1841 ; R.C. 1862, 
N.B.S. 1865, 1. CI. Monmouth; Stone House Plains, 65-72, West New 
Hempstead, 72-81, Principal of Grammar School, Somerville, N.J., 81-8, 
Fallsburgh, Jan., 1889-1915. 

.Stauffer, Milton Theobald, b. Easton, Pa., Sept. 19, 1885. P. Univ. 1910, 
U.S. 1913, 1. by CI. Newark. Franklin, Nutley, N.J., 1912-14. Honor- 
ary Missionary, R.C. A. Survey Sec. China Continuation Committee. 
Publications: Numerous articles on China, etc. 

Stebbins, Jas. U.C. 1842, P.S. 45. S.S., Fort Miller, 46, Presbyt.— See 
"Princeton Gen. Catalogue." 

Steele, John, b. at Somerville, N.J., Sept. 22, 1827; R.C. 45, N.B.S. 48, 1. CI. 
N.B. Lebanon, 48-53, Coxsackie, 2d, 53-8, Union Village. 58-65, To- 
towa, 1st, 65-77, Greenbush, 77-86. Died Jan. 17, 1889. D.D. bv R.C. 

1873. 
Manual, 1902. 
Steele, John Beatty, b. at Salem, N.Y., 1796; Mid. C. 1818, Ass. Ref. Sem., 
(under Mason), 22, lie. by A.R. Presbyt. of New York, 22; supplied 
Albany, Middle, 23. ord. CI. Albany, 24; Boght, 24-33, Middleburgh, 
33-8, also S.S. Breakabin, yj, Helderbergh, 38-46; supplied Prince- 
town, Ballston Centre, Presbyt., etc., 46-50, teaching in N.Y.C., 50-3, 
Cortlandtown, 53-7 ; supplied Salem Assoc. Ref., Salem, Presbyt., Wil- 
ford, Presbyt., etc., 57-73, w. c. Died Aug. 22, 1884. 
He was remarkably successful in winning souls. He was a man of 
faith and of intense convictions. Honesty pervaded his thoughts and gave 
direction to his life. His* mind, solid and firm, gave shape and purpose to 
his sermons. He always preached to reach a mark. His sermons were his 
tools to produce certain results. Few ministers have been more successful 
in the exact design of the ministerial and pastoral office. 

Publications: "Signs of the Millennium": A Miss. Ser. 1830. — "The 
Symbol and Word of Encouragement" : A Ser. at ord. of Rev. R. H. Steele. 
1848. — "Sacred Poetical Paraphrases and Miscellaneous Poems." pp. 384, 
1863. 

Steele, Richard Holloway, (s. of John B. Steele), b. in Albany Co., N.Y. ; 
R.C. 1844, N.B.S. 47, 1. CI. Schenectady; ord. by Presbyt., Albany, Feb. 
48; (Charlton, 47-50, Ballston Spa, Presbyt., 50-52), Nassau, 52-63, 
New Brunswick, ist, 1863-80, (Ann Arbor, Mich., Presbvt. 80-8), w. c. 
Died Ap. 5, 1900. D.D. by R.C, 1867. 
The prevailing trait in his character was faithfulness to duty. He was 
ever burdened with a sense of responsibility. Nothing could turn him 
aside from attending to his Master's business. He held many important 
charges ; he came in contact with many strong characters, and was in touch 
with the most varied relations of men and institutions. In all these rela- 
tions his devotion to duty was his conspicuous trait. 

Publications : Manv sermons and addresses. See Manual, 1902. 
Steele, Wm. H., b. Albany, N.Y., Feb. 18, 1818. R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 40, 
1.. CI. N.B. ; voyage to Borneo, May-Sept., 42, Batavia, 42-3, Karangan, 
43-9, returned to America; w. c. d. Aug. 11, 1905. D.D. by U.N.Y., 
1870. Pres. Bd. F.M. Min. Gen. Syn., 1906, 604. 
Publications: Numerous articles in the "Christian Intelligencer" and 
"Gospel Field." — "The Manse at Nunnlyquett," "The Old Route to Mis- 
sions," "The Borneo Missions," were three series in the "Gospel Field," 
of about thirty columns. 1871-2. — "The Borneo Mission." In "Man- 
ual of Missions, R.C. A." 

Steffens, Cornelius M., b H.C. 1892, W.S. 95, 1. CI. Holland; 

Bushnell, 111., 95-8, Little Falls, N.Y., 98-1901, agent of the "Ch. Int.," 
1901-02. Presbyterian. 
Steffens, Nicholas M., b. Embden, Neth., March 13, 1839. Teacher at 
Oldenburg, 1855. Missionary, Constantinople. 1858-62. Theo. Sch., 
Kampen, Hoi. Pastorate in Holland. Silver Creek. 111. (Germany Val- 



THE MINISTRY ;07 

ley). 1872-6. N.Y.C.. Ave B. (Ger.). 1876. German Valley, 111.. 1876-8, 
Zeeland. Mich., ist. 1878-82, Holland. Mich., ist. 1883-4. Prof. Sys- 
tematic and Polemic Theology. W.T.S., 1884-95 (Prof. Systema'tic 
and Polemic Theology. Pre.s. T.S.. Dubuque. la.. 1895-8)." Orange 
City. la.. 1st. 1898-1900. (Prof. Systematic and Polemic Theology. 
Pres. T.S., Dubuque, la., 1900-03). W.T.S., Holland, Mich., Pro"f. 
Historical Theology, 1903-10, Prof. Systematic and Polemic Theology. 
1910-12. d. July 24. D.D. 
He was a great student, a fine linguist and an earnest preacher. But his 
appropriate place was the Professor's chair which he tilled with great 
ability. See Min. Gen. Syn.. 1913. 887. 

PuBLKATioNs :^ NuiTierous articles in the press. 
Stegeman. Abram, b. at New Groningen, Mich.. Mav 4. 1857; H.C. 80, 
N.B.S. 83. 1. CI. Holland; Harrison, S.D., 83-92. New Holland. 92-1899^ 
d. Feb. 19. 
His record at college was one of spotless purity. In his charges he stead- 
ily grew in the affections of his people. He was an ideal, faithful disciple of 
the Cross. He loved the expository method of preaching. He was stricken 
with apoplex\- while preaching, and in two hours died. — "Mints. Gen Svn " 
1899, 568. 

Stegeman, Henry Van Evck. b. Harrison. S.D.. March 8. 1890. HC 191^ 
Teaching P.P. Acd.. 1912-14. W.T.S. 1917. 1. by CI. Holland 1917. 
Missionary to Japan. 191 7 — — 
Publications: Occasional articles. 

Stegeman. James E. H.C. 1918. W.T.S. 1921. 1. bv CI. . Lucas. Mich.. 

1921 

Stegeman, Mannes. A., b. Harrison. S.D.. Oct. 2-, 1884. H.C. 1907, N.B S 
1907-08. W.T.S. 1908-10, 1. by CI. Holland. Springfield, S.D., 'imman- 
uel, 1910-14. Cleveland, O., 2d (Calvarv). 1914-19, Overisel. Mich 

1919 

Stegeman, William, (brother of Ab. Stegeman), b. Aug. 19, 1865. New 
Groningen. Mich.; H.C. 89, N.B.S. 92. 1. CI. N.B. ; Grand View. S.D.. 
92-7. Pella. Neb., 97-1900, Springfield, S-D., 1900-04, Sheldon, la., 1904- 
06, Sandstone, Minn., 1906-14, also Freeland, 1906, Silver Creek, Maple 

Lake, 1909, Ireton, la., 1914-19, Luctor, 1919 . 

Publication : "The Divine Rule of Giving." 
Stegenga, Andrew, b. Holland. Mich.. 1881. H.C. 1906, W.T.S. 1909. I. 
by CI. Holland 1909. Clymer Hill. N.Y.. 1909-11. Rochester (Brighton), 
N.Y.. 1911-18. Grand Rapids. Mich.. Calvary. 1918-19. d. Aug. 23. See 
Min. Gen. Syn.. 1920. 273. 
Stegenga, Miner, b. North Holland, Mich., Feb. 23. 1893. H.C. 1915 
N.B. and W.T.S. 1918, 1. by CI. Holland. Palmvra, N.Y.. 1918-19.' 

Grand Rapids. Mich.. Calvary. 1919 

Steiner, W. H. Presbyterian. Ellenville. N.Y.. 191C-14. Presbyterian 
Stein fuhrer, Chs. Danl. Fred., b. Stargard. Great Duchy of" Mecklen- 
burg-Strelitz. Germany, Jan. 12, 1841 ; U.C. 64. N.B.S. 67, 1. CI. Schen- 
ectady ; Astoria. 2d. (Ger.). and Newtown. (Ger.). 67-73. Astoria ^d 

(Ger.). 1873 . Member Bd. Publication. Supt. N.B.S. DD U C 

1896. 
Publication : Assisted Prof. Taylor Lewis in translation of Lange's 
Commentary on Genesis. 

Steininger. George, b. N.Y.C.. July 6. 1888. H.C. 1916. N.B.S. 1919. 1. bv 
CI. N.Y. Amsterdam. N.Y.. Trinitv, 1919-1922. P.G. Union Sem' 
N.Y.C., 1922. 
Steins. Frederick, from Ref. Ch. in Prussia ; Miss. German. 2d N Y C 

1849. 
Steketee. John B., b. Holland, Mich.. Fel). 11. 1877. H.C. 1898. P.S. 1899- 
19^.0. W.T.S. 1907. 1. by CI. Holland. Raritan. 111.. 1909-1=;. Clarksville 
and New Salem. 1915-18. Flatbush. Ulster Co.. N.Y.. 1918. '^S.C. and T.. 
CI. Ulster, 1919 



508 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Stephens, George H., b. Plainfield, NJ., Sept. 27, 1857; R.C. 81, N.B.S. 84, 
lie. CI. Raritan, ord. by Presb. of Elizabeth; (Springiield, N.J., 85-6, 
Flanders, 87-90, Berwick, Pa., 90-8, supplj'ing Presbyt. Chs. in Presbyt. 

of N.B. 1898 ). With Presbyterian Ministers" Fund, 1904 

Stephenson, William, North Hempstead, 1 800-1, (N.Y.C. Rutgers Presbyt. 

Ch.). 
Sterenberg, James, b. Fulton, 111., May 6, 1870. H.C. 1893, P.S. 1896, I. 
by Rock River, Pres., 1897, Orange City, la., Am. Ref., 1897-8. A.M. 
Harvard, 1897. Ph.D., Munich, 1907. 
Publication : The Use of Conditional Sentences in the Alexandrian Ver- 
sion of Pentateuch, March, 1907. 

Steuenberg, John, b. Grand Rapids, Mich., Aug. 27, 1874. H.C. 1901, 
W.T.S. 1904, 1. by CI. G.R. Jamestown, Mich., 2d, 1904-07, Chicago, 
Bethany, 1907-12, Kalamazoo, ist, 1912-18, Overisel, Mich., 1918-19, 

Orange City, la.. Trinity, 1919 

Stevens, Chauncey N., b. South Gilboa, N.Y., Sept. 10, 1878. High School 
Teacher. N.B.S. 1916, 1. by CI. Schoharie 1916. Marbletown, Stone 

Ridge, N.Y., 1916-19, Grand Gorge and South Gilboa, N.Y., 1919 . 

Supt. Ulster Co., S.S., Ass., 1918-19. 
Stevenson, James B., b. in Salem, N.Y., 1798; N.B.S. 1827, 1. CI. Washing- 
ton; Miss, to Lysander, Sparta, and Cato, 27-9, Florida, (Minaville), 
29-54, Wynantskill, 54-64, died March 2. 
A very useful minister in a new country. See Manual, 1902. 
Stewart. See Stuart. 

Stewart, Abel T., b. at Sbmerville, N.J., Aug. 4, 1822; R.C. 43, N.B.S. 46, 
lie. CI. N.B. ; Greenville, 46-50, Greenville and Bronxville, 50-2, Tarry- 
town, 1st, 52-66, Holland. 2d, Mich., (Hope), 66-78, d. May 24, at Wat- 
kins, N.Y. D.D. by R.C. 1873. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: A Hist. Disc. First Ref. Ch., Tarrytown. 1866. 
Stewart, Charles Hugh, b. Ontario, Canada, March 2-/, 1875, Manitoba Col. 
1899, Manitoba Sem. 1902, 1. by Pres. of Winnipeg 1902. (St. Paul's 
Pres. Winnipeg, 1902-13). Newark, N.J., North, 1913-18. (Presby- 
terian, North Pres. Ch., Buffalo, N.Y., 1918 . Bd. of Senate Man- 
itoba Col. Bd. F.M. Pres. Ch., Canada. Bd. F.M. Ref. Ch. in Am. 
Chaplain, Canadian Club, N.Y.C. 
Publications: Winning, Oct., 1917. Sermons, pamphlets, etc. 
Stewart, D. C. (Pres.), S.S., Yonkers, N.Y., ist, 1918-21. D.D. 
Stewart, James W., Prin. of Washington Academy, Salem, 18.. -34; Jack- 
son, 1834-6, Warwick, 1838-42. 
Stillwell, Aaron L., b. at Whitestone, 1828; R.C. 51, N.B.S. 54, 1- CI. N.B.; 

Bergen Neck, 54-64, d. See Manual of 1879. 
Stillwell. John Letson, b. Bayonne, N.J., Dec. 17. 1859; R.C. 79; N.B.S. 
82, 1. CI. Raritan ; Montague, 82-4, Athenia, 84-6, Bloomingburgh, 86- 
1902, Buskirk's N.Y.. 1902-08, Princetown, N.Y., 1908-16, S.S., East 
Somerville and Finderne, 1918-19. 
Stimpson, Edward P. R.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1834; Greenbush, 1834-52, Castle- 
ton, 1853-61, suspended. 1869, deposed. 
Stimpson, Henry B.. b. 1772, in Framingham, Mass.; studied at Claverack 
and Kindcrhook ; studied Theology with Rev. Mr. Fuller, of Renssel- 
aerville, and Rev. Mr. Townsend of Durham; lie. 1802; (Presby., 
Windham, 1802-1825), Agent for the Bible Society, 25-9, Windham, 
(Prattsville), 29-33, w. c. Died Ap. 28, 1851. 
His father removed from Massachusetts to Greene Co., N.Y., at the 
close of the Revolution. He endured all the hardships and privations in- 
cident to a new country. He attended school only four months until more 
than 21 years of age, yet he subsequently acquired a good general knowl- 
edge. His pastoral field at Windham extended over 20 miles, but he was 
used to hardships, and often preached nine times a week. In the Presby- 



THE MINISTRY 5^9 

terian Church at Windham tlicrc wore three extensive revivals during his 
ministry. He received into this church more than 500 souls. But with the 
introduction of the "new measures" divisions came, and he finally separated 
from his people. He was a theologian of the old school. He was, however, 
subsequently recalled to the same field by the Dutch Church. He was a 
man of strong phvsical energv. and of uncommon powers of mind. 
Stinson. William' Charles, b. in N.Y.C. Ap. i860; Bucknell Univ. 86. 

P.S. 89. ord. Presb. Monmouth; (Kavwatosa, Wis.. 91-3, Providence, 

R.I.. 93-5. both Congregational; Presbyt. Chillicothe, O.. 1895-1900), 

Pioomingdale, N.Y.C. 1900-1911. Presbyterian. D.D. 
Stitt, Chs. H., b. 1819: R.C. 44. N.B.S. 48. 1- CI. N.V.; New Paltz 48-65. 

Kingston, 2d. 65-74. Bayonne, 74-81. d. Ap. 20. D.D. by R.C. ib66. bee 

"Ch. Int.," Ap.'^28. 188 1', for sketch. 
PiBLiCATioxs: "Gospel Law of Moderation in Regard to Intoxicating 
Drinks." 1861.— Dedicatorv Address at New Paltz Cemetery. 1861.— 
"Plist. of the Church and Settlement at New Paltz." 1862.— "Fun. Ser of 
Captain Johannes Lefevre," who fell in the battle of Cedar Creek, Va., 
Oct. 19. 1864. Pub. 1865.— Mem. Disc, on "Death of T. Lawrence Has- 
brouck." 1866.— Sermon before Gen. Synod. "Ch. Int.," June 9. 1870.— 
"Hist. Sketch of Second Ref. Ch. of Kingston." "Kingston Argus," Jan. 
II 1871.— "Prosjressive Theolog\'" ; a Charge delivered at Inaug. of Dr. 
a' B. Van Zandt as Prof, of Theologv. 1872.— "Why Am I Not Saved.'" 
Tract 49. R.C.A.— "The Lost Found." Tract 638. Am. Tract Soc— "Our 
New Citv: its Prospect and Peril." In "Rondout Freeman," June i, 1872. 
Stitt, win. Christie, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Ap. 22,, 1833; C.N.J. 56, P.S. 

60, lie. Presb. Philadelphia; (S.S. Georgetown, D.C., 60-2; ord. 63; 

Hagerstown. Md.. 62-8, Johnsonburgh, N.J., 68-72); Piermont, N.\.. 

1872-87, (Hazelton. Pa., 87-8), Sec. Am. Seamen's Friends' Society, 

,000 

Stobbelaar, H., Alto, 1858-60, Zeeland, 60-64, Holland. Wis., 64-73. Pella. 

Stockwcll Austin P., b. at Hadlev. Mass.. 1837; A.C. 62, U.S. 65. lie. 3d 
Presb. N.Y.C. Ap. 3, 63; ord. by same. May 14; (Pleasant Plains. 
N.Y., 68-9, Presbvt.), Assoc. Pastor, Millbrook, July, 69-71, Dec; 
Gravcsend, Jan. i, 72-87, Sup. Howard Mission of Children's Aid Soc, 
N.Y.C, 87-99. Also supplving Centennial Chapel. Brooklyn, ist, 90-3, 
and Greenwood Hights Chapel, 94-9- Died Nov. 21. 19CO. 
He was a man of gentleness and patient courtesy, tenderly affectionate 
and sympathetic Hi.s life was filled with kindly and Christ-like deeds 
He was painstaking in the discharge of all his duties, whether in the pas- 
torate, or in the wide and character-moulding work that was his for so 
many years among the friendless little ones of God's poor. "Mints. Gen. 
Syn.." 1901, 1243. 

Stoelmer, Frederick. Jamaica (Ger.), 1900 

Stofflet, James P. Presbyterian. Jersey City, Free, 1902-04. Jersey City, 

3d Park, 1904-12. (Pres., Ridgefield Park. 1912 

Stoll, A., (from Ref. Ger. Ch., 1874); Philadelphia, 5th, 1874-9. 

Stone, George Edwin, b. in Mexico, Oswego Co., N.Y., Sept. 2, 1873; 

Ham. Coll. 95. Aub. Sem. 98. 1. Presbyt. of ; ord. by Presbyt. ot 

Svracusc. Ap. 11, 98; sailed for Arabia, Aug. 17. 98; at Bahrein, Oct. 
9. 98-Feb. 14, 99; Aluscat. Feb. 99-June 26. 99, d. 
He came of a godly line of ancestors, and united with the church at 
eleven years of age. He was steadfast in his consecration to the Master. 
His winning, tactful manner made him a power for good, in church and 
college and seminary. But his service on the field was less than eight 
months when he was cut down. From the moment he had recognized his 
call to Arabia, he was ambitious to enter on his work. It is not for us to 
know why he was cut down so soon.— See "Mints. Gen. Syn.." 1900, 203; 
"Sketch of Arabian Miss.." 1901, pp. 28-30. 



5IO THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Stoppels, Charles Anton, b. Aliiskes^on, Mich., Aug. 8, i88q. H.C. 1915, 

W.T.S. 1918, 1. by CI. Michigan 1918. Allendale, ist. Mich.. 1918 •. 

Mem. Joint CI. Com. in Ch. Extension. Mem. CI. Com. in Vacant Chs. 
and Ch. Extension. 

Stouppe. Pierre, New Rochelle, (French Refd.), 1723-60, d. July. See his 
description of New Rochelle, in Waldron, 34. He left eighty communi- 
cants at his death, having conformed to the Church of England. See 
Baird's "Huguenots" ; collections of Huguenot Society. 

Stout, Henry, b. Jan. 19, 1838. R.C. 1865, N.B.S. 68,' lie. CI. Raritan. 
]V[issionary to Japan, 1869-1906, Bound Brook, N.J., 1907-09, S.S., Red 
Bank, 1909-10, d. Feb. 16, 1912. D.D., R.C, 1893. See Mins. Gen. 
Syn., 1912, 567. 
Publications: "A Brief Statement of Christian Doctrine"; a transla- 
tion into Japanese, and adaptation of Rev. Dr. S. M. Woodbridge's Lectures 

on Sacred History, i vol.; and of his Lectures on Church History; 2 vols. 

Stout, James Coffin, b. Irvington, N.Y., Nov. 25, 1869. R.C. 1891, P.S. 97; 
Brighton Hights, 1898- 1902. Presbyterian. Prof. Church History, 
Bible Teachers' Training School, N.Y.C. 

Stout, Nelson, b. at Harlingen, N.J., 1817; R.C. 185 1, N.B.S. Died 
1854. He did not begin his studies until nearly thirty years of age. 
He had been a sea-captain. He was a very conscientious Christian, and 
had consecrated himself to the foreign field, but died while in the 
Seminary. 

Stout, Royal A., b. New Brunswick, N.J., Nov. 14, 1885. R.C. 1907. N.B.S. 
191C, 1. by CI. N.B. Netherwood (Plainfield, N.J., 1910-13. Presby- 
terian. 

Stowe, Wilbur Fiske, b. Berlin, Conn. Mt. Hope Col. 1898, Theo. Dept. 
Taylor Univ. 1901, 1. by N.Y. East M.E. Conference. Ord. by Cong. 
Ass.. Maine. (Cong., Freeport. Maine, Saugerties, N.Y.). Kingston, 
N.Y., Church of the Comforter, 1914 . D.D.. Kansas City Univ. 

Strabbing, Alfred H.. b. Graefschap. Mich., Sept. 20. 1856; H.C. 80, W.S. 
89. 1. CI. Holland ; Hamilton and E. Saugatuck, 89-93, Kalamazoo, 
3d. 93-7- Marion, N.Y., 97-1900, New Holland, Alich., 1900-1904, Ham- 
ilton. Mich.. 1904-09. Sheboygan, Wis.. Hope. 1910-15, Holland, Mich.,. 
Ebenezer, 1915 

Strail, H. A. S.S., Cicero. N.Y.. 1883-4. 

Straks, Henry, b. Alto. Wis.. Feb. 13, 1853; Normal School. Oshkosh, 
Wis.. 75, W.S. 91. 1. CI. Wis.; Cleveland. O., 91-4, Maurice, la., 94-8, 
Ed. Agent and Teacher, Northwestern Academy, (Drange Cit}', la., 98- 
1901, Harrison, Dak., 1901-1909, New Era, Mich., 1909-12, d. June 23. 
See Min. Gen. Svn.. 1913. 887. 

Straks, John H.. b. "Alto. Wis.. Aug. 22, 1878. H.C. 1900, W.T.S. 1903, 
1. by CI. Iowa. Clymer Hill, N.Y., 1904-09, Gibbsville, Wis., 1909-20, 
Maurice, la.. 1920 

Straub, John E., b. Hoboken. N.J.. March 17. 1880. Bloomfield Acd. 1901, 
Bloomfield Sem. 1904. Univ. of Berlin 1906. 1. by CI. Bergen 1905. Cal- 
licoon. N.Y., 1906 

Strauss, Preston Franklin. Franklin and Marshall Col. 1909, Col. Univ. 
1915, U.S. 1915, 1. by N. CI. L.L 1915. S.S., Steinway, L.L, 1913-15, 
Pastor, 1915 

Street, William Dana, b. Lynn. Mass.. Jan. 9, 1874; Columbia Univ. 95,. 
U.S. 98, 1. CI. N.Y. ; Assist, in Madison Av., N.Y.C. 98-1901, (Cong. 
Ch., White Plains. N.Y.. 1901 ). 

Streng, Samuel, b. at Pella. la., March 15. 1851 ; H.C. 71, N.B.S. JT, lie. 

CI. 111. ; Clarkstown, N.Y., 77-82, Churchville, Pa., 82-90, Kalamazoo, 

Mich., 90-92, Classical Missionary, 92-94, Fairview, 111., 94-97, w. c, 

died Oct. 3, 1900. 

His parents were among the first Holland settlers of Pella, la., and 

were earnest Christians. He was a man of brilliant intellectual power, but 



THE MIXISTKY :)Ii. 

extremely modest in the estimate of himself. He was an untiring worker, 
spending himself in the service of his Master. His life was almost a con- 
tinuous struggle with ill health, yet he was remarkably successful in his 
several fields of labor, and universally beloved by his people. He preached 
fearlessly, yet kindly, the truths of God, and many were born again, and 
others stimulated to a nobler life. His fidelity secured him many calls. 
During his last years he suffered severely, but his faith never wavered nor 
did he ever complain. See also "Mints. Gen. Syn.," igoi, 1244. 

Pl'blicatioxs: Article in "Doylestown (Pa.), Democrat," May 29, 1883, 
on "Paulus Van Vlecq." Also sketches of the North and South Hampton 
Church. 

Strieker, William. 1. bv S. CI. L.I. 1914. Presbyterian. 
Strohauer, Paul John, b. Schenectady, N.Y., May 15, 187 1 ; U.C. 97, 
N.B.S. 1900, 1. CI. Schenectady; Princetown, N.Y., 1900-02, Spots- 
wood, 1902-05, Wyckoff, N.J., 1905-11, North and South Hampton, Pa., 
1912-17. 
Strong. Joseph Pascal (s. of T. M. Strong) ; b. 1825. at Flatbush, L.I. 
R.C. 45, N.B.S. 50. 1. S. CI. L.I.. East New York. 50-4. Jersey City, 
3d, 54-6, Aquackanonck, 56-69, Passaic, 2d, 69-72, Belleville, 72-80, 
Cohoes, 80-90. East Millstone, Aug.-Dec. 8. 1890, died. 
In each of these fields he proved himself a laborer that needed not to 
be ashamed of his work. By his earnest preaching and by his kind words 
and gentle ways, he endeared himself to the hearts of his people. He was 
a warm-hearted and sympathetic man and an excellent preacher. His min- 
istry was always attended with great success. He was a man of remark- 
able powers of description. His sermons were always interesting and in- 
structive. He preached with great energy and power. The people of East 
Millstone called him with a wonderful unanimity and were delighted with 
his ministrations. A career of unusual prosperity seemed to be opened 
before that church wheii he was suddenly stricken with apoplexy. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publication : Fun. Address of Mrs. Dr. Hay. 
Strong. Mason R. (s. of T. M. Strong), b. Dec. 30. 1834; N.Y.U. 1855, 

N.B.S.. died 1861, Jan. 12. 
Strong. Pascal N. (brother of T. M. Strong), b. in Brookhaven, L.I., 1793; 
C.C. 1810. studied under Mason. 1. Presbvt. N.Y. 1815; New York, 
1816-26. d. 
He received calls to Harrisburgh and New York at the same time, but 
chose the latter. He and Dr. Knox started in life together as fellow-stu- 
dents under the same instructor, and as colleagues in the same church, 
though the ministry of the former was comparatively brief. About a year 
before he died, he'was attacked by disease of a pulmonary character, pro- 
ceeding from a .severe cold. He went to St. Croix to spend the winter, but 
while there died. In a diary commenced in i8c8. three years before he 
united with the church, he says : "I will regard the enjoyment of God as 
the supreme end of all my plans. I will consider love to God and zeal for 
His glory as my highest duty, and study to improve daily in these divine 
affections. I will for the future, unless unavoidably hindered, regularly 
devote one-half hour in tlie morning, and a like period in the evening, to 
religious concerns." 

His disposition was amiable, his manners were courteous, his spirit was 
resolute and generous almost to a fault, his mind was gifted in more than 
an ordinary degree, and his opportunities of improvement had not been 
neglected. With a memory peculiarly tenacious, and the power of an ac- 
curate and jirecise discrimination for one of his years, his attainments in 
classical and critical learning may, without any exaggeration, be regarded 
as eminent. Critical research was with him a favorite employment. He 
wrote with elegance and force. His discourses were clear, accurate, and 
tasteful. His style was copious and adorned. His voice was melodious; 



512 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

his enunciation, easy and natural ; his preaching, evangeHcal and iaitbful. 
— "Gunn's Livingston," ed. 1856, p. 399. "Sprague's Annals." "Collegiate 
•Ch. Year Book," 1895, 127. 

Publications: "The Pestilence — Yellow Fever." 1822. 2d. ed. 1823. 
Strong, Robert Grier (s. of Thos. M. Strong), b. at Flatbush, L.I., 1837, 
N.Y.U. 55, N.B.S. 58, 1. S. CI. L.I.; assistant at Fatbush, 1858-60, Dec; 
New Baltimore, 61-70, Flatbush, Miss. Chapel, 71-73; teaching a select 
school at Flatbush, 73-92, died. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1892, 656. 
Strong, Selah Woodhull (s. of Thos. M. Strong), b. at Flatbush, L.I., Sept. 
2, 1844; N.Y.U. 62, N.B.S. 65, 1. CI. N.Y.; Rochester, 65-70, West 
Troy, South, 70-84, Nov. 6, died. 
He was a man "mighty in the Scriptures." For this reason both his 
preaching and pastoral work were very effective. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Strong, Thomas C. (son of Thomas M. Strong and Ellen Campbell, sis- 
ter of William H. Campbell, late President of Rutgers College), came 
of a family of ministers. Born at Flatbush, L.I., May 2^, 1824. U.C. 
1841, N.B.S. 1845, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1845. D.D. from Rutgers College, of 
which he was a trustee from 1858 to 1874. Pastorates and Charges : 
Bloomingdale and Rosendale. 1845-49, Newtown, 1849-59, Greenwich, 
N.Y.C., 1859-66, Ithaca, 1866-71. 
At this point he transferred his relations to the Presbyterian, and never 
resumed oiificial connection with the Reformed Church. Pastor at Aurora. 
Cayuga Co., N.Y., and President of Wells College, 1871-75. In 1875 be- 
came President of Pennsylvania Female College at Pittsburgh, and in 1878 
opened a private school for girls in Allegheny, at the same time taking 
charge of the Pittsburgh Central Presbyterian Church. Later he supplied, 
for a time, the pulpit of the Reformed Church of Geneva, N. Y. Several 
jears before his death he was the subject of a very severe sunstroke, from 
the effects of which he never fully recovered, and which was the occasion 
to him of much loss of mental power as well as physical debilitation. In 
addition to all his other life work. Dr. Strong was Corresponding Sec- 
retary of the Reformed Church Board of Publication from 1859 to 1868, 
and a member of its Committee on Publication from 1868 to 1871. In 
these relations he was very active and efficient, and his labors were of great 
advantage to the Board. He died Sept. 13, 1890. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1867. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publication : Sermon at Funeral of Dr. C. W. Stothofif, 1855. 
Strong, Thos. M. (brother of P. N. Strong), b. at Coopertown, N.Y., Aug. 
28, 1797; C.C. 1816, studied imder Mason and at P.S. 19, 1. Presbyt. ; 
(Norfolk, Va., 19-21, Assoc. Ref., Chambersburgh, and Shippens- 
burgh. Pa., 21-2), Flatbush, 22-61, d. June 14. D.D. by U.N.Y. Stated 
Clerk of Gen. Synod 34 years. 
He was possessed of the most thorough and indefatigable business habits, 
and was so completely at home in ecclesiastical affairs that his very word 
was law, from which no appeal could be taken. He was a man of remark- 
able clearness of thought and of simplicity of expression, of intense, yet 
well-balanced, mental energy and activity, of large attainments, though 
never ostentatiously paraded ; combining, in a rare symmetry and exquis- 
ite proportion, affability with dignity, and gentleness with firmness, and 
withal a man of such pure innate modesty, and genuine Christian humility, 
that nothing but his actual removal from the Church would give her an 
accurate estimate of his real value. He possessed one trait of character of 
especial loveliness and power. He was eminently a Christian gentleman. 
Publications: "Hist, of Flatbush, L.I." 1842. — Arts, in "Sprague's 
Annals," on Drs. S. S. Woodhull and P. N. Strong. 

Strong, William Van Deurzen, b. Accord, Ulster Co., N.Y., Ap. 28, 1868; 
R.C. 91, N.B.S. 94, 1. CI. N.B.: Glenham, N.Y., 1894-1902, Jersey City, 
Bergen, Assistant, 1902-06. (Cong., Trov, N.Y., ist, 1908-12). Ponds, 
■ N.J., 1912-18. (Cong., Woodbridge, N.J., 1918 ). 



THE MINISTRY 513 

Struyk, John A. Methodist Episcopal. Lodi, N.J. (Hol.h 1919-20. Al- 
bany, N.Y., 5th, 1920 

Strvker, Herman B. (s. of Peter Stryker), b. at Port Richmond. S.I., 
"Ap. 2, 1794; N.B.S. 1822, 1. CI. N.B'.; Aliss. to Athol, Caldwell, Johns- 
burgh and Warrensburgh, (Warren Co., N.Y.), 22-3, Fairfield, and 
Miss, at Little Falls, N.J., 23-6, Agent of Miss. Soc, 26-7, Union Ch. 
in Amsterdam, 27-2,3, 'ilso Miss, at Johnstown in 30, St. Johnsville, 
33-4, Glenville, 2d, 34-7, w. c. 37-61, Huguenots, S.I., 61-71, d. Dec. 11. 
He was a pioneer in the temperance cause and an evangelistic preacher 
of great power. 
See Manual, 1902. 

PuBLic.\TiOi\s : "Address before CI. Bergen." 1828. "Mag. R.D.C.," 
iii. 132. — "Charge to Rev. Jas. Stevenson." 1829. "Mag. R.D.C.," iv. 235. 
Stryker, Isaac P., born at Harlingen, Nov. 27, 1811; R.C. 2>7, N.B.S. 40, 1. 

CI ; voyage to Borneo, Nov. 40-March, 4.1, Borneo, 1841-2, d. 

He was a man of remarkable piety and gave promise of great usefulness. 
But he died before his work was fairly under way. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Strj'ker, Peter, b. Dec. 23, 1763, in N.Y.C., studied under Livingston, lie. 
by the Synod of R.D. Chs. 1788, N. and S. Hampton, Sept. 15, 1788- 
Aug. 19, 1790, Statcn Island, 1790-4, Belleville, 1794-1809, also S.S. at 
Stone House Plains, 1801-9, (Amboy, Presbyt.), 1809-10, Belleville 
and Stone House Plains, 1810-14, S.S. at Stone House Plains, 18-26, 
Miss, to Berne, 27-9, d. 1847. A.M. by C.C.. 1804. 
He was a good man and a powerful preacher. For many years he was the 
oldest minister in the Reformed Church. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Stryker, Peter (s. of H. B. Stryker), b. Fairfield, N.J., Ap. 8, 1826; R.C. 
45, N.B.S. 48, 1. CI. N.B. Raritan, 3d, 48-51, Rhinebeck, 51-56, Broome 
St.— after i860. Thirty-fourth St..— N.Y.C., 56-68, (Philadelphia, 
Presb3't., 68-71, Ronje, N.Y'., 71-76, Saratoga, 76-82, Andrew Presbyt. 
Minneapolis, 82-89), N.Y.C. Thirty-fourth St. again, 89-96, Asbury 
Park, 96-1900, d. Mar. 15. D.D. bv N.Y'.U., 1866. Pres. of Gen. Synod, 

1895- 
He was a most genial man, whose presence was a benediction. He 
received into the church an average of 43 a year throughout his ministry. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Hist. Disc, at the last service in the Broome St. Ch., 
N.Y.C. i860 Sermon on Rev. Dr. S. A. Von Vranken, in "Ch. Int.," Jan. 
24, 1861. — "Christian Life"; a Disc, commem. of the late Leonard W. Kip. 
1863. — "Little Gems in the Saviour's Crown; or. Facts from the Death- 
bed E.xpcriences of S.S. Children." — "Hist, of the Sunday-schools of the 
Thirty-fourth St. Church." — "Jubilee Hj-mn of Thirty-fourth St. Church." 
— "Strange Children" : a Temperance ser. 1873. — "The City wholly given 
to Idolatry : the modern Athens of America." In "Pulpit and Rostrum." — 
"The Lower Depths of the Am. Metropolis." In "Pulpit and Rostrum." — 
Very many articles in the several papers ; numerous hymns and tracts. 
Stuart, Wm., b. Aberdeen, Scotland, Oct. 18. 1837; Free Ch. Coll. Halifax, 
59, Free Ch. Theolog. Hall, Halifax, 62, 1. Halifax Presbyt. ; (assist. 
Christ Ch., Bermuda, 63-4; West Cape, Campbelton, etc., on Prince 
Edward Is., 65-9; Free Ch. Fredericton, New Brunswick, 70-5; Central 
Ch. Hamilton, Ont.. 76; Greenhill, Pictou, Nova Scotia, 77-83, Carle- 
ton Ch., St. John, N. Scotia, 83-9) ; Franklin, N.J., 1890-1911. d. May 
8, 1916. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1916, 937. 
Stube, C. E., b. Fultonville, N.Y., Aug. 22, 1886. Ham. Col. 1910, N.B.S. 
1913, 1. by CI. Montgomery. S.S., Secaucus, N.J., 1912-13. East Orange, 
Hyde Park, N.J., 191415, Missionary to India, 1915-17, Coxsackie, N.Y., 
2d, 1917-19. Ph.D., N.Y. Univ., 1914. 
Studdiford, Peter, b. 1763 in N.Y.C, C.C. 1786, studied under Livingston, 



514 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1. by the Christian Synod of R.D. Churches, 1787; Readington and Bed- 
minster, 1787-1800, Readington, 1800-26, d. Nov. 30. Also appointed 
in N.B.S. instructor of Hebrew, in 1812. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1788. 
Possessing large views of divine truth, and a rich store of various 
knowledge, he was ready, instructive, and forcible in his preaching. He 
loved his work, and shrank not from effort in its performance. He was a 
faithful and affectionate pastor, a patriotic citizen, and a humble, devout 
and liberal-minded Christian. He excelled as an extemporaneous preacher, 
transcending himself, when suddenly called on to take the place of some 
absentee. These efforts had all of the finish, and more than the force, of an 
elaborate preparation. — "Mag. R.D.C.," i. 328. Quoted in "N.B.Sem. Cen- 
tennial," 459. 

Publications: "Fun. Ser. of Rev. Dr. Jac. R. Hardenburg.'' 1790. — 
Sermon on Rom. 5:1,2; "Justification and its Fruits." In "N.J. Preacher," 
1813. 

Studdiford, Peter Augustus (s. of P. O. Studdiford), b. Lambertville, N.J., 
Ap. 2, 1828; C.N.J. 49, P.S. 52, ord. by Presbyt. Raritan, June 12, 55; 
(Milford and Holland, N.J., 55-9, Belleville, 60-6, (Lambertville, 66- 
86), d. Oct. II. D.D. by C.N.J. 74. 
Studley, Hobart Earle, b. Claverack, N.Y., Oct. 27, 1871 ; R.C. 93, N.B.S. 
96, 1. CI. N.B. ; Miss, to Amoy, China, 96-1903. (Episcopal Missionary 

for Chinese, Manila, 1903 ) 

Sturges, Littleton, b. Maryland, Oct. 12, 1842. Pastor A.M.E. Church, New 

Brunswick, N.J., N.B.S. 1886-88. 
Sturges, Smith. Whitehouse, 1858-63. 

Suckow, Charles, F. C, b. Techentin, Amt. Goldberg, Mecklenburg- 
Schwerin, Ger., Feb. 15, 1840; N.B.S. 70, lie. CI. Albany; Knox Mem- 
orial Chapel, N.Y.C., 68-70, New Brooklyn, 70-79, Philadelphia, 5th, 

1879 

Sullivan, Andrew Jackson, b. Philadelphia, 1853; LaF. Coll. 75, U.S. 78, 
ord. by Cong.; Newark, N.J. (N.Y. Av.), 90-2. For other details, see 
"Union Sem. Gen. Cat." 
Suit, Emmet, Charles, b. Thornsville, O., Aug. 5, 1866. Heidelberg Col. 1891, 
Ursinus Sem. 1893. 1. by CI. Lancaster, Ref. Ch. U.S. (Ref. Ch. U.S., 
St. A'latthews, 1895-1912), Rochelle Park, N.J., 1912-17, Secaucus, 
N.J., 1917-18. 
Sutherland, Robert R. (Presbyterian. Newark, O., Knoxville, Tenn.). 

Fairfield, N.J., 1908-15, d. Sept. 9, 1915. D.D. LL.D. 
Sutphen, David Schureman (son-in-law of Rev. Ab. Polhemus), b. at 
Bedminster, N.J.. Apr. 24, 1842; R.C. 64, N.B.S. 67, 1. CI. Raritan, 
New Utrecht. 1867-79, w. c. Died March 2j, 1897. 
A man of piety and ability kept long in retirement by ill health. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Articles in the "Somerset Unionist," 1864, 1872,— "Daft 
Willie" : a Poem. In "Ch. Weekly," 1873 ; in "Sower," 1874. — Arts on Rev. 
Peter Van Buren, in "Ch. Int.," 1868: on the "Nativity"; two articles on 
our Theolog. Sem., Sept. 7 and 14, 187 1. — Arts, in "Kings Co. Rural Ga- 
zette" : — Thanksgiving ; "Letters on Travels in Canada," 1874. — "How to 
Study the Bible" : an Essay deliv. before Kings Co. S.S. Assoc. 1876. — 
Hist. Disc, at 200th Anniver. R.C. New Utrecht, 1877. 
Sutphen, James G., b. Millstone, N.J., 1853; R.C. 1875, N.B.S. 1876-8. Pro- 
fessor of Latin, H.C., 1885-1911, d. Dec. 13. Litt.D., R.C, 1906. 
Suydam, John Howard, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., Oct. i, 1832; R.C. 54. N.B.S. 
57, lie. by S. CI. L.I. ; Fishkill-on-the-Hudson, 57-63, Philadelphia, ist, 
63-9, Tersev Citv, 3rd, 69-91, Rhinebeck, 1891-1903, d. Oct. 16, 1908. 
Pres. Gen. Syn., 1885. D.D.. R.C, 1883. 
He was a man of eminent literary ability and skill in the use of language. 
This gift was devoted to the service of the Master. See Min. Gen. Syn.,' 
1909, 536. 



THE MINISTRY 515 

Publications: Two sermons on Hist, of R.P.D.C. — "The Lord of 
Hosts." 1859. — "Consolation"; on occasion of the death of Lieutenant 
Sprole, of Newburgh. — "Christian Patriotism." — "Hist of First Ref. Ch. of 
Philadelphia." 1868. — Books for Boys: "Cruel Jim." "The Cruger Fam- 
ily." — "The Wreckmaster." — "The Emerald Ring" : "The Misunderstand- 
ing." Fugitive articles and letters by "Prout," in "Ch. Int." Numerous 
contributions to the press. 

Swain, Geo., b. Glasgow, Scotland, June 30, 1841 ; R.C. 63, N.B.S. 66, 1. S. 
CI. L.L; Middlebush, 66-8, Freehold, ist, 68-73, (Brooklyn, Presbyt. 
73-4, Allentovyn, N.J., 1874-1912), d. Nov. 7, 1914. D.D. by R.C., 
1878. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1915, 597. 
PuBLicvTiox : "Hist, of Presbyt. Ch. of Allentown, N.J.," 1876. 
Swain. Jas. Ramsay, (son of G. Swain), b. at Marlboro, N.J., Sept. 8, 
1872; Princeton Univ. 94, teaching in Am. Prot. College, Beyrout, 
Syria, 94-7, P.S. 1901, lie. by Presbyt. of ^^lonmouth; Flushing, L.L, 
1901-1905. 
Swart, Peter, Lansing, 111., 1897-1904, Hingham, Wis., 1904-10, LaFayette, 
Ind., 1910-12, DeMott, Ind., 1912-17, Oostburg, Wis., 1918-21, DeMott, 

Ind., American. 1921 

Swick, Minor, b. Ovid, N.Y., Sept. 16, 1829. R.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, 1. 
CI. Geneva. 1861 ; Stuyvesant Falls, 1861-5, Wawarsing, 1865-9, Cato, 
1869-71, Oyster Bay, 1871-77. (Pres., Jasper, N.Y., 1884-9). 
Blooming Grove, N.Y., 1889-94, w. c, d. Sept. 20, 1921. 
Mr. Swick was a humble, devout man who excelled as a pastor. 
Switz, Ab. J., b. at Schenectady. 1875; U.C. 1817, N.B.S. 20. lie. CI. N.B.; 
Miss, in CI. Montgomery, 21, at Westerlo and Oakhill, N.Y., 22, at 
Athol. Johnsburgh. Caldwell and Warren, N.Y., 22, Schaghticoke and 
Tyashoke, 23-9, Wawarsing. 29-35, Glenville, 2d, 37-42, Port Jackson, 
57-9 and 62-3. d. Jan. 24, 1878. See Manual of 1879. 

Talmage, David, (s. of J. V. N. Talmage), b. Amov. China, Feb. 4, 1852; 
R.C. 74, N.B.S. -jy, 1. CI. N.B. Missionary to China, 1877-81. Bound 
Brook, 1882-4, Clarkstown, 1884-88, Westwood, 1888-1908. (Pres. 
Ponchatoula, La., 1909), d. Sept. 10, 1915. 
Talmage, George Edwin, (son of Rev. John V. N. Talmage), b. in Amoy, 
China, Aug. 16, 1865; R.C. 86, N.B.S. 90, 1. CI. N.B. ; Mott Haven, 
New York City, 90-98, Schenectady, 2d, 1898-1907. Episcopalian. 
Publication: Address on death of President McKinley, 1901. 
Talmage. Goyn, b. Dec. 7, 1821, near Somerville, N.J.; R.C. 42, N.B.S. 
45, 1. CI. N.B. Rockaway, 45-51, Niskayuna, 51-55, Greenpoint, 55-62, 
Cor. Sec. Bd. Dom. Missions, 62-67, Rhincbeck, 67-71. Paramus, 71-79, 
Port Jervis. 79-87. Died June 24, 1891. D.D. by R.C. 1876. Pres. of 
Gen. Syn., 1874. 
He came of a godly family and his own piety was deep and cheerful. His 
pastoral service was successful and his preaching was rich in matter and 
fresh in style. During the five years that he was corresponding secretary 
of the Board of Domestic Missions he rendered very efficient service. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Admonitions for the Times." 1861.— "The Reformed 
Dutch Church, a Goodly Heritage," with Hist. Appendix. "Greenpoint," 
1862.— "ChrLst in the Storm." (Death of a Union Soldier). 1866.— "Re- 
ligious Tests." Published in "Christian at Work." 1875. — "Perils of 
Young Men." 1878.— Annual Reports of Board of Domestic Missions. 
1882-7.— "A Clean Young Man." 1885.— "Perils of Office Seeking." 1889. 
Talmage, Jas. R., b. 1808; C.N.J. 1826, N.B.S. 29. 1. CI. N.B.; Miss, to 
Pott.sville, Pa., 29-31, Jersey City. 31-3, Pompton Plains, 33-6, Blawen- 
burgh, 37-49, Athens, 49-50, Brooklyn, Middle, 50-2, Greenbush, 52-60, 



5l6 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Chittenango, 60-9, Wawarsing, 69-74, Wiltwick, 74-9. d. June 29. D.D. 
by R.C., 1864. 

He was willing to sacrifice for the cause of Christ and he could stoop to 
serve. See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : A Disc, occasioned by Death of Capt. Is. M. Talmage, 
his son. 1865. 

Talmage, John Van Nest, b. Bound Brook, N.J., Aug. 18, 1819; R.C. 42, 
N.B.S. 45, lie. by Classis of Philadelphia; S.S., Central Ch., Brooklyn, 
45-6, at Middle Ch., Brooklyn, 46. Missionary to China, 1S47-89, in 
America, 89-92, died Aug. 19, at Bound Brook, N. J. D.D. by R.C, 
1867. 

He was ordained to the ministry at Millstone, N.J., on Aug. 26, 1846, 
at a joint meeting of the two Classes of New Brunswick and Philadel- 
phia. Rev. Gabriel Ludlow preached from 2 Tim. 2:1, "Thou, therefore, 
my son, be strong in the grace which is in Christ Jesus," and the mission- 
ary, Rev. Elihu Doty, gave the charge to Mr. Talmage. A boy of eleven 
years of age, who was present, was influenced through that service to be- 
come a missionary to China. This was the subsequent secretary of the 
Missionary Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Rev. Dr. S. L. 
Baldwin. 

He became thoroughly acquainted with the spoken language of Amoy. 
Few men had a more extensive knowledge of its vocables. He spoke like 
the Chinese themselves, idomatically and beautifully. Such knowledge 
was indispensable to his success, and he attained it only by hard plodding 
and persevering study. Before there was any aid from dictionaries. He 
was qualified, therefore, to take a prominent place in translation, in re- 
vision and in hymnology. As a preacher to the Chinese, he was unrivaled. 
The people hung on his lips and never seemed to lose a word. 

He had learned stenography and practiced it on his first voyage to 
China that he might be able to reduce the spoken language of Amoy to 
writing. He soon found, however, that shorthand was not adequate for 
the purpose. Just how much he contributed to the adoption of the Roman- 
ized Colloquial, now in vogue through all China, will never be known. He 
never sought the credit of it for himself, but his friends ascribe much of 
it to him. It was a fitting culmination of his work that he only laid down 
his pen for the last time, when he had finished his last recension of his 
colloquial dictionary, a book which will increase in usefulness as the 
Church in the Amoy region expands. It requires only translation to be 
useful in other dialects as well. He spent over twenty years in its prepara- 
tion, going over it time and time again, until he felt it was ready for pub- 
lication. 

He was of a sunny disposition. A smile was on his face and laughter 
in his eyes almost all day long. He was conspicuously cheerful and hope- 
ful. The strength of his character was unusual and would bear victori- 
ously very severe tests. Mental and moral ability of a very high order 
marked his participation in public exercises, and his demeanor in social 
life. In mind and heart these were the elements of greatness. Greatness 
he never sought, but avoided. But he was a leader among men. A wide 
range of knowledge was his. He maintained acquaintance with the research 
and discovery of the day although secluded in China. The deference with 
which he treated the opinions of others, and his own manner in present- 
ing his knowledge and convictions to an audience, were extraordinary. He 
was courteously inquisitive, seeking from others what they knew and 
thought, and this often with men much his inferiors. He was eminently 
tolerant of the opinions of others. 

He was animated, earnest and strong in public addresses. His mind 
was apt to take an independent and original view of things. His sermons 
were often very impressive and powerful. He was always and everywhere 
a Christian gentleman. Through his gentleness, sympathy, wide range of 



THE MINISTRY 



knowledge, cheerfulness, animation, vigor of thought, and deference to 
others, he was a delightful companion. He asked for nothing for himself, 
but sought to contribute to the enjoyment of those around him. He was 
abundant in labors, and his life of inestimable value. 

He perceived earlier than his brethren at home the true policy as to 
churches in heathen lands; that they should not be mere continuations of 
the denomination whose missionaries had founded them, but should have 
an independent existence of their own. In 1863 the General Synod refused 
to consent to an independent Chinese Church. But Dr. Talmage stood his 
ground, and in another year his arguments prevailed, and this principle is 
now almost universally acknowledged. Union on the foreign field is now 
everywhere a success. The native churches are self-governing and becom- 
ing self-supporting. They are to be permitted to develop according to the 
leadmgs of God's Providence and the teachings of his Spirit. 

He stood in the very front rank of missionaries. For ability, for fidelity, 
for usefulness, he had few equals. As a preacher, he was clear, forceful,' 
fearless. As a translator, his work was marked by carefulness and accu- 
racy. In social life, his old-fashioned hospitality made everyone feel at 
home. He was a most interesting conversationalist. 

See sketch by Rev. T. De Witt Talmage, in "Christian Herald" of Sept 
1892, and other religious papers of the dav, especially "The Christian In- 
telligencer." "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1893, 889.— "Biog. Notices of Grads. 
of Rutgers College." 1893, 15. "Fagg's Life of Talmage; or, Fortv Years 
in South China," 1894.— Also "Pitcher's Hist, of the Amov Mission," 1893. 
Publications: Translations into the Amoy Colloquial," in Roman char- 
acters, of the following (in which the other missionaries assisted to a 
greater or less extent) : "A Primer," pp. 30. 1852.— "Spelling Book," pp. 
15. 1852— "First Reader," pp. 17. 1853.— "Burn's Version of Pilgrim's 
Progress, pp. j-j. 1853.— "The Book of Ruth," pp. 20. 1853.— Several 
Hymns, pp. 26. 1859.— ;^'The Gospel of Luke, and the following Epistles" 
Galatians, John. Peter, Ephesians. and Philippians" : in all, 13 books of the 
Bible.— Also the "Heidelberg Catechism."— In English: "Hist, and Ecc 
Relations of the Churches of the Presbyterial Order, at Amov China" 
8vo, pp. 74. N.Y., 1863. 

He was the founder and editor of "The Church Messenger," published 
monthly in the Amoy dialect.— "Dictionary of the Chinese Character in 
the Romanized Amoy Colloquial : entitled "Emng Ime Ji-Tiang," 1894.— 
Also "Book of Forms" ; "Sacred Histor.v" ; hvmns ; stories; an arithmetic 
— "Sketch of the Amoy Mission." 

Tahnage, Peter Strykcr (s. of Rev. Jehiel Talmage, see "Princeton Sem 
Gen. Catalogue"), b. in Somerville, N.J., Oct. 5, 1819- JC 1845 PS 
1848; ord. by Presbyt., Nov., 1848; (Oneida' Vallev, N.Y.. 1848-50' 
Mata. N.Y., 1850-3); Stone House Plains. N.T., 1853-65; preaching 
in halls in northwestern Philadelphia, 1865-8; Philadelphia, Bethune 
Memorial, 1868; Bethlehem Miss., Philadelphia, 1869; Manayunk Tan 
1870-74, d. 

He was a transparent Christian and a verv successful minister. See Man- 
ual. 1902. 

PuBLic.ATioxs : "Comfort in Sorrow: On the Death of a Beloved Child." 
1861. 

Talmage. Thos. A., b. N.Y.C.. July. 1837. R.C. 1857. N.B.S. i860, d. 1861, 
July. 

Talmage. Thomas De Witt. b. near Bound Brook. N.T., Tan 7 i8i'- 
U.N.Y.: N.B.S. 56. 1. CI. N.B.; Belleville. N.T.. S6-9. Svracusc NY 
59-fe Philadelphia. Pa.. 2d. 62-9; (Presbyt.: Central Presbyt.. Brook- 
lyn. N.\.. 69-94). W\-ishington. D.C., 95-99. Died Ap. 12. 1902. DD 
by several institutions. 
He was original and yet perfectly natural. He wrote, lectured, preached 

ditterently from any one else. Yet he never strove to be original and dif- 



5i8 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



ferent from others. He was different in his personality. The same dif- 
ferences were observable in his home and among his acquaintances. Yet he 
did not know that he had these peculiarities. At first he was misunder- 
stood. But he swept away all the cobwebs which had accumulated around 
the traditional methods of sermonic oratory. He pleaded with sinners with 
the energy and enthusiasm and intensity with which the lawyer would 
plead for the life of the innocent. While he dispensed with the minis- 
terial gown, and refused the old-fashioned pulpit, he still clung to the old 
truths. He spoke the Gospel message in its simplicity. 

His pulpit was the business of his life. He ate and slept and walked 
and nursed his strength for that. He had a tremendous capacity for work. 
When over seventy, his form was straight, his eye was clear and his 
mental force unabated. On his last journey, a trip to Mexico, only a 
couple of months before his death, he preached in rapid succession to 
great audiences at Macon, Charleston, Richmond, New Orleans, with his 
usual eloquence and power. His lecturing tours were not undertaken to 
make money, but to get away from home-tasks and to come back re- 
freshed to do more valiant service for Christ. Railroad travel was his phys- 
ical salvation. While he was a genius, he developed his talents by the sever- 
est application. No labor for him was too full of drudgery. He lived in 
his study, and took exercise only to fit himself for his pulpit. Into every 
sermon he put his best thought. He strove for quality and not for quan- 
tity. 

He was a Gospel minrster of unbounded cheerfulness. He believed that 
there was as much religion in the smile seen at the wedding of Cana, as 
in the sob heard in the house of mourning. He was an optimistic Chris- 
tian, whose mind was free from gloomy presentiments. He always ex- 
pected good things to come from the Divine Father. Therefore, he was 
willing to undertake big things. And when troubles came he was the 
better able to bear them. This was wonderfully illustrated when three 
of his churches were destroyed by fire, but he was never dismayed ; and 
when successive bereavements came into his family, he bore them bravely. 
And his best sermon was his daily life, in his family and in the world. 
When assailed by others, he never struck back. He would forgive an 
enemy, and do anything in his power to serve him. 

Critics often sought to analyze his character and account for his mar- 
velous success. Various explanations were given. He was, indeed, a word- 
painter, quite unequaled. He could make his audiences laugh or weep. 
He could adminster stinging rebukes to sin. He had also a loving per- 
sonality. But these things represent only the outer garment of his power. 
He was a true Christian, and worked in the power of the Holy Spirit. 
Many testified to their conversion through the reading of his sermons. He 
was a man called of God to do a peculiar work. See the sermon of his 
son. Rev. Frank De Witt Talmage, in "The Christian Herald," April 23, 
1902. whence this sketch is culled, which paper also contains manj^ par- 
ticulars of his life. 

Publications: He edited, at times, "The Christian at Work," 1873-6. — 
"The Advance," 1877-8. — "Frank Leslie's Sunday Magazine," 1888.^ — And 
for several years before his death, "The Christian Herald." — Among the 
volumes published are: "Crumbs Swept Up," 1865. — "Around the Tea- 
table," 1874.— "Masks Torn Off," 1879.— "The Marriage Ring," 1886.— 
"Woman, Her Powers and Privileges." — "From Manger to Throne." — 
''Sports that Kill."— "The Earth Girdled."— "The Pathway of Life."— 
"Old Wells Dug Out." — "Everyday Religion." — "Sundown." — "Fishing 
too Near Shore." — 'Good Cheer," 1862. — "Almond Tree in Blossom."— 
"The Evil Beast," a Temperance Sermon, 1873. — "Abominations of Mod- 
ern Society," 1872, 1876. — "Shots at Targets. "^"Night Side of New York," 
1878. — "The Battle of Bread." — "Orange Blossoms Frosted." — "As the 
Stars, Forever" : in "Pulpit Eloquence, 19th Centur\'." — Volumes of Ser- 



THE MINISTRY 519 

mons, four series, 1872-5. — "The Brooklyn Tabernacle," a collection of 
104 Sermons, 1884. In all, 20 volumes of selected sermons. 

There are fifty books, or more, published under his name, but most of 
these are pirated from his "Works" and unauthorized. His sermons were 
published weekly for thirty or more years, without missing a single week; 
and tiirough syndicates, for many years, were published in 3.600 different 
papers, reaching about twenty millions of persons weekly. They have also 
been translated into most of the European and into many of the Asiatic 
languages. 
Talman. L. A., b. Spring Valley, N.Y., Jan. 31, 1890. Cornell Univ. 1912, 

N.B.S. 1916, 1. by CI. Paramus. Missionary to China, 1916 

Tanis, Herman, b. Ondorp, Neth., Aug. 30, 1871. Marysville Col. 1900, 
N.B.S. 1903, 1. by CI. Paramus 1903. Koster, 111., 1904-05, Dalton, 111., 
1905-08, Randolph, 2d., Wis., 1908-11, Grand View, S.D., 1911-14, Pat- 
erson, N.J.. ist (Hoi.), 1914-16, d. Sept. 16. Min. Gen. Syn., 1917, 254. 
Tarbell. John Grosvenor. b. at Brimfield, Mass., 1794; Harvard Univ. 1820, 
N.B.S. 25, 1. CI. N.B. ; ord. CI. Bergen, 27; Miss, to Montville, 26, to 
Berne, 26. Stone House Plains, 27-8, Sand Beach, 30-2, Caroline, 32-40, 
Missionary in Central Michigan, 184C-1880, d. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Tasschemaker, Tassemaker. see Tesschemaeker. 

Taylor, Andrew Brown, b. in Philadelphia, Dec. 28, 1813; R.C. 39, N.B.S. 
42, 1. CI. Philadelphia ; supplied Allegan, 42-43, supplied Grand Rapids, 
43-48, Macon and Ridgeway, 48-52, (also supplied Congreg. Ch. at 
Raisin), Irvington, 52-55, English Neighborhood, 1855-92. Emeritus. 
Died Mar. 12, 1895. 
He did pioneer work among the Holland element in Michigan and a flour- 
ishing church at Grand Rapids was the result. 

In English Neighborhood beside his long and successful pastorate he con- 
ducted a school. See Manual. 1902. 

Taylor, Bcnj. C. (son-in-law of Rev. J. V. C. Romeyn), b. in Philadelphia, 
Pa., Feb. 24, 1801 ; C.N.J. 19. N.B.S. 22, 1. CI. N.B.; Greenbush and 
Blooming Grove, 22-5, Aquackanonck, 25-8, Bergen, 28-1870. — Elected 
a trustee of R.C. 1857. S.T.D. by Hobart Coll. Geneva, 1843. Emeri- 
tus, 1870. Died Feb. 2, 1881. 
He was sent to the famous school of Dr. Finley, at Basking Ridge, N.J. 
While there, a wonderful revival swept over the community, and he, with 
many others, was converted. Ten of those converts became ministers of 
the Gospel. His great work was done at Bergen, where he preached, with 
hardly an interruption, for forty-two years, when he was declared Pastor 
Emeritus; init his ministry there must be reckoned at fifty-two and a half 
years, and his entire ministry at almost sixty years. He kept an accurate 
journal, which shows that he officiated at about 8,400 services, including 
funerals, in his Bergen charge, that he solemnized 541 marriages; baptized 
1,052 infants and adults; and received into the communion of that church, 
in all, 836 persons. He followed the dead of five generations to the grave. 
He was pre-eminently a Bible Christian. 

In the Classis he was the acknowledged authority as to all ecclesiastical 
usages. His voice decided debate. See "In Memoriam" of Rev. Dr. B. C. 
Taylor. Manual, 1902. 

PuBLicATioxs: A Sermon at English Neighborhood, N.J., before the 
Education Soc. of CI. Bergen. 1828. — "The School of the Prophets": a 
Ser. before Bd. of Sups. 1839. Appendix contains a catalogue of the stu- 
dents, N.B.S., 1810-1839.— "Annals of the Classis and Township of Ber- 
gen." i2mo, pp. 479. 1856.— "A Disc, at 200th Anniv. of R.P.D.C. of Ber- 
gen. N.J." 1861.— Fun. Ser. of Capt. Wm. H. Cochrane. 1864.— -"Manual 
of R.P.D.C. of Bergen." 1867.— Address at Fun. of Mrs. Sarah A. Birch. 
1869. 

Taylor, Charles F. Presbyterian. Herkimer, N.Y., 1905-08. Congrega- 
tional. 



520 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Taylor, George Ira, b. Northumberland, N.Y., Aug. 25, 1823; IJ.C. 43, 
U.T.S. 44-7; lie. Presb. N.Y., Oct. 47; (ord. Presb. Troy, 49; S.S. 
Schroon and W. Moriah, N.Y., 48-9; Sandy Hill, N.Y., 49-51; Charl- 
ton, N.Y., 52-4, S.S., Winchester, Miss., 54-6, S.S., Lawrenceburgh, Ind., 
56-65, S.S., Middletown, O., 65-7, Malta, N.Y., 68-74) ; Watervliet, 
(Boght), N.Y., 1874-91, w. c. d. Oct. 12, 1905. See Min. Gen. Syn., 
1906, 606. 
Taylor, Graham (s. of W. J. R. Tavlor), b. at Schenectady, N.Y., May 2, 
1851; R.C. 70, N.B.S. 73, 1. CI. Newark; Hopewell, 73-80, (Hart- 
ford, Ct., 4th Cong., 80-92, Professor of Practical Theology, Hartford 
Theolog. Sem. 88-92, Prof, of Sociology in Chicago Congregational 

Sem., 1892 ). Also Founder and Resident Warden of Commons 

Social Settlement, 140 N. Union St., Chicago, 1893 . Lecturer, 

Univ. of Chicago. Director, Chicago School of Civics and Philanthropy. 
Associate Editor of the Survey. D.D., R.C, 1888. LL.D., 111. Col., 
1897. 
Publications : "The Practical Training Needed for the Mmistry of 
To-day." 1888. 

(Taylor, Hutchins. S.S., Chittenango, Nov. i, 1828-May 9, 30). 
Taylor, Livingston Ludlow (son of W. J. R. Tavlor), b. Philadelphia, 
Pa., Sept. 16, i860; R.C. 81, N.B.S. 84, 1. CI. Newark. 84; assistant 
pastor. Middle Collegiate Ch., N.Y.C., 84-7; ord. by CI. Orange, 87; 
Port Jervis. 87-91, (ist Presbyt., Colorado Springs, Col., 91-4, Plymouth 
Congreg., Cleveland. O., 1894-1900, Puritan Congreg., Brooklyn, N.Y., 
1901-1907. (Canandaigua, Congregational, ist, 1907. Trustee R.C, 
1907. 
Taylor, Wesley. R.C. 1847, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. Paramus, 1850; Samson- 

ville, 1851-2, North Esopus and Kleyn Esopus, 1853-4, 1858, susp. 
Taylor, William J. R. (s. of B. C Taylor), b. at Schodac. N.Y., July 21, 
1823; R.C. 41, N.B.S. 44, 1. CI. Bergen; New Durham, 44-6, Van 
Vorst 1st (Jersey City, 2d), 46-9, Schenectady, 49-52, Jersey City, 3d, 
52-4, Philadelphia, 3d, 54-62, Cor. Sec. Am. Bible Soc, 62-9, Newark, 
(Clinton Av.), 69-90, Cor. Sec. Am. Sabbath Union, 90-1, d. Nov. 12. 
D.D. by R.C, i860. Pres. Gen. Svnod, 1871. Editor of "Ch. Int.," 1872- 
6. Trustee of R.C, 1878-91. 
His theological, as well as his literary course of preparation for the min- 
istry, was pursued with conscientious fidelity ; but he had special fitness 
for his sacred work, which neither the college nor the seminary could 
fully supply in that religious training which he had received in his home, 
the benefit of which was enjoyed through all the vears of his ministerial 
life. 

In 1862 Dr. Taylor had resigned his pastorate in Philadelphia to accept 
the office of Corresponding Secretary of the American Bible Society, 
which he held for seven years. Part of that time the mingled storms of 
civil war and political strife were sweeping over our divided country, and 
its riational institutions of benevolence and even the churches were rent 
asunder. But the American Bible Society found its pathway open to every 
camp and battle-field. Its agents went everywhere, carrying the word of 
God to the soldiers of both armies, welcomed alike by the blue and the 
gray. An important part of the management by which the Society was 
enabled to accomplish its work so successfully was due to the wisdom of 
Dr. Taylor. His official services as Corresponding Secretary were highly 
appreciated, and at the time of his retirement in 1869 the managers placed 
upon record the most unqualified expressions of their regard, and espe- 
cially of their high estimate of the value of his services during the Civil 
War. and at its close in adjusting the disturbed relations of the Society 
with the Southern States. 

The most fruitful period of his ministry, in the maturity of his powers, 
was as the pastor of the Clinton Avenue Reformed Church, of Newark. 



THE MINISTRY 5-^ 

Here, for the third time, he was called to take charge of a new organiza- 
tion, and in this interesting field he spent twent}' years, gathering the fruits 
of an earnest ministry and a faithful pastorate, which left their im- 
pression upon the community in which he lived. Besides the duties of his 
own parish, which were enough for one man, he was called upon for a 
share of that work which every minister in a large city finds outside of 
parochial bounds, in the evangelization of the masses, and in efforts for 
reform in its highest sense. He had taken a special interest for the better 
observance of the Lord's Day, and had contributed the influence of his 
voice and pen. 

As one of the corresponding secretaries of the American Sabbath Union 
he was very successful. He was also devoted to various benevolent activities 
and was of great aid in the larger work of the Denomination. His service 
on important committees of the General Synod was of the highest value. 

PiBLicwTioxs : He wrote many articles for the press, published sermons, 
discourses, tracts, etc. For a list see Manual, 1902. 

Tavlor, Wm. Rivers (son of Wm. J. R. Taylor), b. Philadelphia, Pa., 

" Sept. 28, 1856; R.C. 76, N.B.S. 79, lie. CI. Newark; Franklin Park, 

1879-84, Philadelphia, ist, 84-8, (Presbyt., Rochester (Brick ch.), N.Y., 

1888 ). Director of Auburn Seminary. D.D. by University of 

Rochester, 1891. 
Publications: Sermons and Addresses. — Articles for the Religious 
Press. — Address at 175th Anniversary of Six Mile Run Church. In "Mem- 
orial." 
Tears, Egbert, b. Montgomery, N.Y., March 22, 1856. R.C. 1878, N.B.S. 

Died Jan. 27, 1880. 
Teeuwissen, W. S.S., Chicago, Northwestern, 1916-17. 
Te Grootenhuis, Dirk, J., b. Neth., Aug. 20, 1834. Theo. Sem., Kampen, 
1866. Five pastorates in the Netherlands. Hospers, la., 1895-9, d. Jan. 
3, 1910. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1910, 831. 
Te Grootenhuis, John H. E., b. Haarlem, Neths., May*29, 1873 ; Gymnas- 
ium of Kampen, Neths.; W.S. 98, 1. CI. Iowa; Ebenezer, at Morrison, 
111., 98-1903, Muskegon, Mich., 3d, 1903-05, Detroit, Mich., 1905-10, 
Coopersville, Mich., S.S., 1909, Bethel, Leota, Minn., 1910-15, Clifton, 

1st (Ho!.), N.J., 1915-19, Chicago, 111., Summit, 1910 

Teichrich, Henry. Delaware (Lennox), S.D.. 1894-7, living at Pasadena, 

Cal. Presbvterian 191 1. 
Tekolste, Gerardus, b. Holland, Neb., Nov. 8, 1876. H.C. 1899, W.T.S. 
1902, 1. by CI. la. Holland, Alich., Ebenezer, 1902-03, d. Feb. 27. Min. 
Gen. Syn., 1903, 527. 
Teller, Henry W., b. at Croton Falls, N.Y., July 16, 1843; R.C; P.S.; 
(Presb. chs. ; Essex, Ct. ; Sprinefield, N.J.; Cambridge, N.Y.) ; Pomp- 
ton Plains, N.J., 1885-July 2, 1891, d. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Teller, Jas. H., from Pres. of Washington. Miss, in Ludlow and Orchard 

Sts., N.Y.C., 1826-9. d. 1830. 
Tellman, Henry E., b. Ovcrisel, Mich., Sept. 16, 1876. H.C. 1901, W.T.S. 
1906, 1. by CI. Holland, 1906. East Overisel, Mich., 1906-11, Pultney- 

ville, N.Y., 191 1-20, Palmyra, N.Y.. 1920 ■ 

Ten Eyck, Conrad, b. 1756; studied under D. Romeyn ; Amsterdam, New 
Harlem, (Fonda's Bush), and Alayfield, 1799-1803: Veddersburg, New 
Harlem, and Mayfield, 1803-4; New Harlem and Mayficld, 1804-12; 
Owasco and Sand Beach. (Owasco Outlet). 12-26; w. c. 26-44, d. 
Oct. 30, 1844. 
He was for more than half a century an earnest and godly minister, of 
high repute in his own Church, and greatly esteemed by his Presbyterian 
brethren, especially in that region, with whom, in doctrinal views and meas- 
ures for promoting the work of God, he was in such close sympathy." — Rev. 
Dr. J. B. Thompson. "Doc. Hist., N.Y., 4to ed. pp. 673, 683. 
See Manuals of 1879 and 1902. 



522 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Ten Eyck, Jas. B., b. at Kingston, N.Y., 1798; U.C. 1818, N.B.S. 21, lie. 
CI. N.B.; Berea, 1821-72, d. April 20. 
He was for half a century a methodical, faithful pastor upon one field. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Publications: Translation of "Original Records of R.D.C. of Deer 

Park (Port Jervis)." 1879. 

Ten Eyck, Wm. Hoffman, b. at Schenectady, N.Y., May 19, 1818 ; R.C. 
1845, N.B.S. 1848, lie. CI. N.B.; Hyde Park, 1848-53, Astoria, 1853-73, 
d. April 25, 1908. D.D. by R.C, 1870. Stated Clerk of North Classis 
L.I., 1864-1905. Permanent Clerk of Gen. Synod, 1871-1907. Member 
of Board of Ed., 1859-1908. Cor. Delegate to Ger. Ref. Ch., 1871 ; to 
Gen. Council, Refd. Epis. Ch. 1879. 
Dr. Ten Eyck's service in the pastorate was worthy but his especial activity 

in the denomination was during his long period without charge. Through 

all those years his secretarial and executive service of the Reformed Church 

was such as to win the highest praise. Min. Gen. Syn., 1908, 236. 

Publications: Address at Fun. of Judge R. H. Morris. 1855. — Add. 

at Fun. of Mrs. Mary V. A. S. Benner. 1867.— Add. at Fun. of Wm. B. 

Bolles, 1885. — Pamphlet on "Scriptural Temperance," 1885. — Many articles 

in "Christian Intelligencer" and in secular papers. 

Te Paske, Arend J., b. Nov. 21. 1887, Orange City, la. H.C. 1910, W.T.S. 
1913, 1. by CI. la. 1913. Pella, la., Bethel, 1913-16, Grand Rapids. Mich., 
Bethel, 1917-20, Marion, N.Y., ist, 1920 

Te Paske, John W., b. Aalten, Neth., Dec. 25, 1857. H.C. 1893, W.S. 96, 
1. CI. la. Classical Missionary, CI. of Iowa, 1896-1901. Serving Silver 
Creek and Friesland, Minn.. 96-8, Silver Creek, 1898-1901. Also supply 
at Maple Lake. 1898-9, Little Falls, N.J.. 2d, 1901-06, New York Mills, 
N.Y., 1906-08, Dolton, 111., 1909-12, Beaverdam, Mich., 1913-17, Three 

Oaks, Mich., 1918 

Publications : Articles in De Hope. 

Terborg, J. E. PSkin, 2d, 111., 1883-9. 

Terhune, C. Alexander, b. Ulster Co., N.Y. University of N.Y. Maine 
M.E. Conference Sem. Course 1907, 1. by M.E. Church 1898. (M.E. 
pastorates 1898-1913. Presbyterian). Jersey City, Park Church, 
1919 . 

Publications: Sermons, material for Homiletic Monthly. 

Terhune, Edward P., b. in New Brunswick, N.J., Nov. 22, 1830; R.C. 50, 
N.B.S. 54, lie' Presbyt. N.B., June, 55; ord. by Presbyt. West Han- 
over, Va., 55; (Charlotte Court House, Presbyt., 55-9), Newark, ist, 
59-76, Chaplain at Rome, Italy. 76-7, (Springfield, Mass., Cong. Ch., 
79-84), Williamsburg, L.I., 84-91, (Brooklvn, Puritan Cong Ch., 91-5), 
d. May 25, 1907. D.D. by R.C, 1869. 

Terhune, John A., b. Dec. 24. 1865. P.C 1889, P.S. 1892. 1. by Pres. of N.B. 
(Pres. Huyhsonsville. N.Y., 1893-1901, Millerton, N.J., 1901-12). S.S., 
Hohokus, N.J., 1913-17, Upper Ridgewood Community, 1917 

Terkeurst, Hcnrv Darwin, b. Hamilton, Alich. H.C 1914, Univ. 111. 1915, 
W.T.S 1918. 1. by CI. Holland. Milwaukee, Wis., 1918 ■ 

Ter Louw, John Samuel, b. Pella. la., Nov. 11. 1889. Central Col. 1916, 
W.T.S. 191Q, 1. bv CI. Pella. Hamilton. Mich., 1919-21. 

Terrill, Lewis H. N.B.S. 1832-4. 

Terwilliger, Floyd E., b. Dwaarkill, N.Y., Aug. 25, 1885. N.B.S. 1914. 
S.S. Kerhonksen, N.Y., 1913-16. S.S., Wawarsing, 1915. Not ordained. 

Terry. Roderick, b. Brooklyn. N.Y.. Ap. i. 1849; Y.C 70, And. Th. Sem. 
72, U.T.S. 75; ord. bv Presb. Westchester. Nov. 9, 75; (Peekskill, 
N.Y., 75-9), N.Y. Citv, South, 1881-1904. D.D. by C.N.J., 1881. 

Te Selle, John Wm., b. Oostburg. Wis.. Jan. 31, 1867; H.C. 94. W.S. 97, 
1. CI. la. ; Carmel, la., 97-1900, Hospers, 1900-1905, North Yakima, 
Wash., 1905-06, Fruitlands Mesa, Col., S.S., 1911 

Tesschenmaeker, Peter, University of Utrecht, i67i-(3?), supplying King- 



THE MINISTRY 5^3 

ston. 1675-6; Guiana, S.A.. 1676-8. supplying Kingston, again, Ap.Sept., 

1678 New Amstcl, Del., 1679-82, also supplying Staten Island, Bergen, 

etc.. occasionally. 1679-82, Schenectady, 1682-91 ; but supplying Hacken- 

sacic 1686-7. Massacred bv the Indians, F"eb. 8, 1690. , , • 1 

Tesschenmaeker was living at Kingston, N.Y., in 1676 as a theological 

licentiate. On account of the great scarcity of Dutch ministers, only 

one having come from Holland during the preceding twelve years (Van 

Nieuwonhuvsen). and onlv three lieing then in America, the Dtuch and 

En<rlish inhabitants of Kingston united in petitioning Governor Andros to 

find means for the ordination of young Tesschenmaeker. who had already 

as a proponent officiated for them. The following is the petition, 1676: 

"To the Right Honorable Sr. Edmund Andros, Kt. Signor. of Sauemares; 

Lieutenant and Governor-General Under His Royal Highness. James, 

Duke of Yorke and Ali)any and Dependancies. , , , 

"The humble Pettison of Severall of the Inhabittance of Esopus humbly 
showeth unto your Honor, _ , t . ^- f +u^ 

Whereas this place is destitute of a Minister for the Instruction of the 
people- It is our ernest desiar and humble request, with all submission, 
that i-our Honor will bee pleased to bee aiding and assisting in the pro- 
curing one for us that can preache both Inglish and Duche. which wmU be 
most "fitting for this place, it being in its Minority and havmg great charges 
is not verv able to "maintaine two Ministares ; neethar to bee at the Charge 
of Sending for one out of England or Holland ; and wee are informed, 
Mr Peettar Taschcmaker is at libertv, who is a person, well knmvn to 
your Honor and officiated in this place, for sum time; And if to be pro- 
cured is very well aproved and much dessired In" moste, hee Ix^nge a man 
of a Sobar life and conversacon having Deportted himselfe to satisfaction 
of ye Inhabitanse,— Wherefore wee humbly pray that your Honor will bee 
pleased to be Instrumentall in the same and your Honors hiimble peti- 
tioners shall every pray,J' etc.— Signed by 49 names. ("Doc. Hist., N.\.. 

"''But no response appears. Tesschenmaeker, for reasons unknown, then 
went to Guiana, where he remained a couple of years, after which he is 
found in Delaware. The people there greatly desired a minister, and 
requested the Dutch clergv to organize themselves into a Classis, and ordain 
him The ministers were disposed to help this people to the Gospel, and the 
Governor desired to strengthen his distant colony. The Governor, there- 
fore, issued the following order : 

(Original English Copy). 
Sir Edmond Andros, Knight, etc. : ^, „ • 1 .-. ^ \ 

Upon Application from New Castle in Delaware, That (being destitute) 
Mr Peter Teschenmakcr mav be admitted to be their minister; By vertue 
of his Majesty's Letters patent and authority derived unto me, I do here- 
by desire and'authorise you, to Examine' the said Mr. Teschenmaeker and 
if you shall find him fittlv Qualified, that then you ordaine him into the 
ministry of the Protestant Reformed Church to preach Gods word and 
Administer His Holy Sacraments, and give him testimonialls tliereof, as is 

Given under mv hand and seal of the Province, in New ^■orke. the thir- 
tieth day of September, in the 31st year of his Majesty's Raigne. Annoq. 
Domini 1679. (This was the thirty-first year of Charles II. reckoning from 
1649. when Charles I was beheaded; omitting the period of Cromwell). 

Edmond Axdros. 

To Mr Guilielmus Newenhuvsen. minister or pastor of this city^ or any 
three of more of the ministers or pastors within this government. Prepared 
and examined bv me. M.ntthi.vs Nicou..';, Sec. 

From "General Entries." vol. 3-'. P- 61, in the Manuscript Department 
of the State Library at Albany, N.Y. Also in "Bi-Centennial ot the 
Church of Schenectady." 



524 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

The above English copy was translated into Dutch ; and the following 
is a translation from the Dutch back into the English : 

I, Edmond Andross, Knight, Patroon of Sausmars, Lieutenant and Gov- 
ernor-General Under his Royal Highness, James, Duke of York and Al- 
bany, and of all his Provinces in America, upon the request of the people 
of New Castle, do order that Mr. Peter Tesschenmaeker be permitted to 
be their minister. By virtue of his Majesty's letters patent, and authority 
entrusted to me, I desire and authorize you to examine the said Mr. Tess- 
chenmaeker, and if you iind him capable, to ordain him to the service of the 
Protestant Reformed Church, to preach God's Word, and to administer 
the Lord's Supper ; and to give him the usual diploma. 

Given under my hand and seal, of the province of New York, the 30th 
of September, in the thirty-first year of his Majesty's reign; and in the 
year of our Lord, 1679. E. Andros. 

The above order was directed to Mr. William Van Nieuwenhuysen, serv- 
ant of the Holy Word of God in this city, or three or more other minis- 
ters under this government. Attested by Matthias Nicholls, Clerk. 

The four Dutch ministers then in the Province met in New York City, 
and the following is their action, which we give in full, as this was 

THE FIRST ORDINATION IN NEW YORK. 

Copy of the Proceedings in our meeting at New York, on the 9th of 
October, 1679, in the matter of Domine Petrus Tesschenmaacker. 

To-day, the 9th of October, 1679, a call from the congregation of the 
South River, for a minister, was handed in. This call was directed to 
Domine Petrus Tesschenmaacker, Candidatus S. Ministerii. 

But inasmuch as such a case is without precedent, the Dutch ministers 
here (on the request of his Excellency, Governor Edmond Andros, and 
upon exhibition of the testimonials of the preparatory examination of said 
Domine Petrus Tesschenmaacker, written by the Dutch and English Con- 
sistories at the Hague, and in view of said congregation's necessities), 
feel it their duty to ratify the call of this candidate as minister to this place, 
and to ordain him. 

And as it is very necessary that an Overseer (or Bishop) should be ap- 
proved; therefore, the Rev. Assembly, consisting of the Dutch ministers 
in this government, together with other church officers (elders), do ap- 
prove, without any special objection, the testimonials of his preparatory 
examination. 

It was then further resolved, to proceed to the examination for ordina- 
tion. (Lit., to the proinotie itself). 

Domine Tesschenm_aker was then called in and made acquainted with 
the above approbation of the Rev. Assembly. He was further asked, 
whether he was inclined to accept this call, and to serve that church ac- 
cording to the Ecclesiastical Rules of the Rev. Synod of Dort, and such 
other ecclesiastical regulations as- exist, and whether he would conform to 
the same. He answered — Yes. He was willing and he bound himiself to 
observe them. 

This done, Domine Tesschenmaacker was first heard on the exposition 
of the text. Matt. 5 :20, "Except your righteousness shall exceed the right- 
eousness of the scribes," etc. His treatment of this text fully satisfied the 
Rev. Assembly. 

The Rev. Assembly then proceeded to the examination. Domine Wil- 
helmus van Nieuwenhuysen, minister of the Holy Gospel in the principal 
city of the government. New York, was appointed Examiner. 

The examination was finished, and the Rev. Assembly was satisfied with 
the answers of Rev. Tesschenmaacker, so that finally it was followed up by 
his ordination in the Name of the Lord, according to our Ecclesiastical 
Rules and Forms. Casparus Van Zuuren, 

Eccl. on Long Island, Secretary of the meeting, p. t. 

The four Dutch ministers, Schaats, Van Nieuwenhuysen, Van Zuuren 



THE MINISTRY ^Sj 

and Van Gaasbeeck. then sent the following letter to the Classis of Am- 
sterdam, explaining their action in ordaining Teeschenmacker. 
Reverend, Pious, Very Learned, N'ery Prudent Gentlemen, Fathers and 
Brethren in Christ. 
Sirs:— In our common Christian faith, the saints profess to have fel- 
lowship with their Saviour, and through him to possess a common heri- 
tage of blessings. Therefore, believers must help one another m every pos- 
sible way. Thev should console, admonish, edify and strengthen one an- 
other, as they be'come aware of the favorable or unfavorable circumstances 
of a neighbor or brother. They should weep with those who weep, and 
rejoice with those who rejoice; for nothing can occur to any believers 
without the svmpathetic knowledge of others in Christ. He is the Head, 
and to Him all the members of the body belong. For this reason, we, who 
are obliged to labof in this transatlantic country, seeking to cultivate the 
vineyard of the Lord so far away from the great body of the Church, feel 
compelled to strive to keep up our fellowship with the churches in the 
Fatiierland, and especially with those of our own Classis. 

Therefore, according to vour order and request, that we should write 
you about all our circumstances, that the welfare of the members of Christ 
may be the better promoted, and His whole body edified; His honor ad- 
vanced and His Kingdom extended; and that in accordance with the Apos- 
tles' injunction, "Let all things be done decently and in order," as well as 
amicably, so as to prevent confusion and misunderstanding, (we report) : 
That some time ago, namely, in the spring of 1678, there arrived here 
one Peter Tesschenmacker, a bachelor of divinity. He had passed his 
preparatory examination at Rhenen, in the parish of Utrecht. He subse- 
quently accompanied the fleet destined for Guyana, under Director N. 
Price, and had previously been a preacher in the English church at The 
Hague. And although the certificate of his examination was not exhibited 
to us, because it had been wrested from him by the enemy, together with 
other property and papeps, at the conquest of Guyana; nevertheless, upon 
the testimony of certain people here, who knew him, and had also heard 
of his gifts in preaching, he was permitted by us to officiate. This he has 
now frec|uentlv done, and in several different churches here, to general 
satisfaction aiid edification. Besides preaching in other places, he per- 
formed this duty for four months in the congregation of Esopus, which 
is now served by the Rev. Domine Laurentius van Gaasbeeck. In the 
autumn of 1678, he was requested by the congregation of South River to 
take his turn in preaching there, and admonish the people to piety and 
godliness. He performed this duty so well that that church, to the general 
gratification of everybody there, called him to be their preacher, and the 
minister of the Holy Word and Sacraments. 

In order to obtain the ratification of their call to him, and his ordination 
for such a service in the most convenient and speediest manner, the com- 
missioners of said congregation first addressed themselves to us, notifying 
us of their call, and, with urgent reasons, earnestly requesting us, to meet 
in New York, with our elders, and deliberate on this business, in order_ to 
give proper assistance to their church. This was, indeed, an affair needing 
great deliberation, as it would be fraught with weighty consequence. Yet 
some of our church-members made not a few difficulties about it. But the 
Noble, Very Worshipful and Honorable Governor of this country (An- 
dros), who was advised of the request of that congregation, also earnestly 
desired to see their prosperity. Accordingly, he served notice upon us, 
authorizing and requiring us, the ministers in this land, to meet together 
in the form of a Classis, and to examine the said Domine Tesschenmacker, 
• and advance him, if he were found qualified to the ministry. This de- 
mand made upon us by his Honor, will be best understood from a copy, 
showing the authorization or order itself. This is a translation from the 
English original, which is on file here, and which was signed by the Gov- 
ernor himself. 



526 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Thus, legally impelled thereto, the advancement of Domine Tesschen- 
macker was resolved on by us, and carried out on the 9th of October, 1679. 
In performing this act, we regulated ourselves by the laudable customs 
and orders of the churches in our Fatherland. For the proper perform- 
ance of his duties, we bound him by promises and his own subscription, 
just as we were bound to the same duties by j-our Reverences. Previous 
to our action there had also arrived excellent testimonials concerning the 
character and preaching abilities of Domine Tesschenmacker, from the 
Rev. Consistories of the Dutch and English congregations at The Hague. 
The candidate himself, also, in his sermon gave full satisfaction to all 
the members of our Assembly ; and in his replies to our questions gave 
also very appropriate and excellent answers. 

If in this business anything has been done by us, which is not within 
our official functions, or Christian (Church) Order, we' humbly and frater- 
nally request that you will look at our procedure with that benevolent dis- 
position, which hopeth all things, bclicveth all things, endureth all things. 
Your Reverences are well aware that human hearts are like the soil of 
earth. If it be uncared for, and left uncultivated, it generally produces 
nothing else than briars and thorns. If a grapevine is to bear good fruit, 
no labor must be spared upon it. And in the particular case of this people, 
it is especially necessary, as it is a wild country, and the way of speaking 
is apt to be also somewhat rough. The manner of life is also correspond- 
ingly corrupt. The opportunities for evil are also manifold. Of these 
things, the commissioners of that congregation (New Amstel, or New 
Castle, Delaware) have *frequently and sadly told us. The same things 
we also occasionally find among our own people. 

One must consider also the inconvenience of the winter season here; 
the dangers of the voyage, if the candidate should seek to obtain his ad- 
vancement from your Reverences; the embarrassments of the congrega- 
tion by the long delay. For that congregation now numbers about one 
hundred and sixty or more. Then, also, the impossibility of our admin- 
istering the Holy Sacraments there during the interval; for it is about 
forty (Dutch) miles (one hundred and twenty English miles) distant from 
here (New York) ; and our presence here is also always very necessary. 
And above all, consider the zeal, as well as the order, of our Worshipful, 
Honorable Governor, whom it would not be safe to disobey. Now, all 
these circumstances and reasons have induced us to undertake this busi- 
ness, shaping our action to the situation in which we, at present, find 
ourselves. We hoped thereby also to ward off further evils and misfor- 
tunes from ourselves. We trust, therefore, that your Reverences will 
please to pardon us, and inform us thereof by letter as soon as oppor- 
tunity offers. 

Relying thereon, we close with the prayer that God, the Almighty, may 
be pleased to bless your counsels both in the Classis and the churches, as 
well as your services, yourselves, and your families. 

Gideon Schaats, Pastor at New Albany, President. 
WiLHELMUS VAN NiEUWENH UYSEN, Pastor at New York, Examiner. 
Casparus Van Zuuren, Ecc. on Long Island, Scribe. 
Laurentius Van Gaasbeeck, Ecc. Esopiensis. 

(No date; but Nov., 1679). 

classis of AMSTERDAM. 

Correspondence from America. 

(A "Minute," made by some party unknown, connected with the call 
and ordination of Domine Peter Tesschenmacker, as minister of the church 
of New Castle, on the South River, Delaware. 1679). 

The ministers of the Reformed Dutch Churches were invited to meet 
together and deliberate, viz., Domine Schaats, of New Albany; Domine 



THE MINISTRY 527 

Van Nicuwenhuyscn, of New York; Dominc Van Zuuren, of Long Island, 
and Dominc Van Gaasbeeck, of Esopus. 

They assembled at the house of Domine Van Nieuwenhuysen in New 
York. Domine Van Gaasbeeck, not having yet arrived, it was thought best, 
after full debate, to proceed with the (examination), at the request of 
Messrs. Moll and Ephraim Hermans, delegates from the congregation of 
New Castle; and especially at the request of his Excellency, the (iovernor, 
who had furnished the above delegates with a letter. 

Hereupon the time and manner of the examination and ordination were 
fixed. It was resolved to proceed, after nine days, viz., on the 9th of Oc- 
tober, (1679). Domine Schaats was appointed President of the Classis ; 
Domine Van Nieuwenhuysen, examiner; Domine Van Zuuren, secretary, 
and Domine Van Gaasbeeck, assessor. It was also resolved that Matt. 
5 -.20 should be assigned as the subject upon which the candidate should 
preach ; and that the ordination should be attended by the Consistories of 
the above churches. 

On the day appointed, Thursday, all the members were present. The 
above-named delegates were asked whether Mr. Tesschenmacker had been 
freely and voluntarily chosen as their minister, and whether they desired 
he should be ordained as such, by this Assembly, constituted in the form 
of a Classis. The answer was yes. On the other hand, Domine Tesschen- 
macker was asked whether he was satisfied with the conditions requested 
of him in relation to the service, and purposed to fulfill them faithfully. 
He declared his good intentions, answering yes. 

They then proceeded to the examination of Domine Tesschenmacker. 
He defended against objections, and e.xplained satisfactorily to all, Alatt. 
5 :20. In his examination he manifested such proficiency in, and acquaint- 
ance with, theology, as to command the approbation of all the members. 
He was then ordained by Domine Van Nieuwenhuysen by the laying on of 
hands. 

After some days, the ix^cessary instructions and orders, signed by all 
the members, were handed to the person ordained. Those agreed with the 
instructions of the Classis of Amsterdam, and the Rules of Church Gov- 
ernment of the Synod of Dort. It was also stipulated that as the minis- 
ters here who ordained Domine Tesschenmacker, recognized their de- 
pendence upon the Classis of Amsterdam, and felt themselves bound faith- 
fully to correspond with that Classis in all special circumstances ; so also 
Domine Tesschenmacker should acknowledge the same subordination, and 
carry on correspondence. 

The above proceedings were transmitted by letter to the Classis of Am- 
sterdam, with the order and authority of the Governor in November 
following ( 1679). 

The following action appears on the "Minutes of the Classis of Am- 
sterdam" in reference to this ordination : 

.\CTS OF THK CL.'>iSSIS OF .\M STF-KD.^M. 

Final Examination of Rc7\ Peter Tcsschcinihikcr in Nczv Ncthcrland. 

1680, Jan. 29. A letter from New Netherland was read by the Deputies 
ad res Maritimas, in which it is made known that the ministers there, by 
order of the Governor (Andros), had subjected to final examination, after 
the manner of a Classical Assembly, and ordained to the ministry, the 
candidate. Rev. Peter Tesschenmaker. who had been called as minister 
to the South River. It was resolved that the Rev. Deputati aforesaid shall 
write to them, that this Assembly is pleased to be satisfied with their 
labors in this i)articular in.stance, and give them thanks for their account 
thereof. They recommend to them, however, the praiseworthy corre- 
spondence with this Rev. Classis. and the maintenance of that good order 
customary in the churches of the Fatherland, vii. 223. xix. 196. 

The following letter was sent in reply : 



528 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



1680, April 2. The Classis of Amsterdam to the Dutch Ministers in 
America, xxvii. 137. 
Most Worthy and Reverend Bethren and Co-laborers : — 

Having further considered the occurrence of the appointment of the Rev. 
Tesschenmaker as pastor on the South River, we cannot judge otherwise 
than that your Reverences have acted legally, wisely and well in that mat- 
ter, even as the present need and service of the church demanded. We 
cordially and fully assent to all that was done, and gratefully acknowl- 
edge that the same has been communicated to us so circumstantially, 
clearly and with so well-cut a quill. We heartily desire that the com- 
mendable correspondence may continue, and that all the excellent orders, 
customary in our Fatherland churches, may be fully observed, unto greater 
unity and the best interests of God's Church. 

Herewith, Reverend Brethren, we desire the blessing of the Most High 
upon your services, yourselves and your families. May he spare you, with 
health of soul and body, to the increase of his dearly bought church, and 
to the glory of His great Name; while we remain, 

Your Reverences, Obedient and Affectionate Brethren and Fellow-La- 
borers, of the Classis of Amsterdam. In the name of all : 
Peter Schaack, 

Dep. ad res Maritimas, p. t. Prseses. 
Zegerus van Zan, 

Collegii Dep. ad res Maritimas, p. t. Scriba. 

A. WOLPHUS DUCHER, 

Dep.* ad res Maritimas. 

Amsterdam, April 2, 1680. 

The relations of Domine Tesschenmaeker and the church of South 
River, largely owing to the difficulties of a frontier settlement, were not 
so pleasant as might be desired. In two or three years he earnestly sought 
another settlement, preaching on Staten Island, at Hackensack, Bergen, 
and elsewhere, and finally settled at Schenectady in 1682. Nine years later 
he was one of the victims of the terrible Indian massacre there. 

The French were seeking to gain control of the Indian trade, and had 
carefully planned the capture of Albany and New York from the English, 
the year before. The plan was not wholly carried out, but a party of 
French and Indians left Montreal, and proceeding by the way of Lake 
Champlain, intended to attack Albany. But the Indian chiefs not con- 
senting, they turned off toward Schenectady. They gave orders that Tess- 
chenmaeker's life should be spared, on account of the information they 
could obtain from him. But his house was not known, and before he could 
be personally recognized, he was slain, and his house and papers burned. 
His head was cloven open, and his body burned to the shoulder-blades. 
This took place on a Saturday night at midnight. Sixty persons lost their 
lives — "N. Y. Gen. Entries." xxxii. 61. "Doc. Hist.," i. 179-195; iii. 583. 
"Col. Hist.," iii. 458; v. 458; ix. 468. "Broadhead's N.Y.," ii. "R.D.C. 
Mag.," ii. 328 "Smith's N.Y.," 66, 116, 125. "Centen. Discs.," 50. "Dan- 
ker and Sluyter's Journal," iii, 142, 160, 190, 222. See many documents and 
letters in Ecc. Records of State of New York, Manual, 1902. 
Tetard, Jean Pierre (French Refd.), b. in Switzerland, 1722; (Charles- 
ton, S.C., 1758-64, in the Huguenot Ch. there) ; supplied the French 
Ch., N.Y.C., 1764-6, Fordham and New Rochelle, frequently, 1766- 
75 ; appointed French interpreter on Gen. Schuyler's staff, and chap- 
lain to the N.Y. forces, with major's pay, July 6, 1775 — going to 
Canada; Professor of French in Columbia College, 1783-7, d. 

He was the last minister in the old Dutch meeting-house at Fordham, 
which was built 1706. — "Doc. Hist.," iii. 315. "Watson's Huguenots," 87, 
88. "Waldron's Fordham." See also "Collections of the Huguenot So- 
ciety." 
Teves, John, b. Harlingen, Holland, March 7, 1854. Univ. Utrecht 1875. 



THE MINISTRY 529 

Served churches in the Netherlands. Rec'd from Ref. Ch. of Nether- 
land, 1908. N.Y. Mills, 1909-10, S.S., Holland, Mich., Gilderland, 1911- 
12, d. July 23. 1913. Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 251. 
Te Wmkel, John William, b. at \V inter swyck, Neths., Feb. 12, 1836; H.C. 
66, W.S. 69, lie. CI. Holland; Oostburg, Wis., 69-71, Holland, Neb., 
71-5, Abbe Church, Clymer Village, 75-6, Kalamazoo, ist, 76-82. East 
Williamson, 82-6, Alto, Wis., 86-8, Fulton, 111., 88-95, Grand Rapids, 
9th, 95-9, Muscatine, la., 99-1901, d. Nov. 6. 
He came to America in 1854 with his parents, who settled at Clymer, 
N.Y. He was among the first students of Holland Academy, Hope Col- 
lege and the Western Seminary. He was the pioneer Dutch pastor at Hol- 
land, Neb., and through his efforts many were induced to settle there, 
whereby a Reformed Church was soon established. For a while, many of 
the new settlers were obliged to live in "Dug-outs," and experienced many 
of the privations and discomforts of early life on the prairies; but through 
the efficient leadership of their pastor, a substantial church and parsonage 
were erected, and the congregation is now strong- and flourishing. He 
was an acceptable preacher, and richly blessed in all his pastorates. He 
was one of the special friends of Missions. He loved the young especially, 
and was always a consistent and enthusiastic servant of Christ. 

Publications : A frequent contributor to the "Volksvriend" under the 
nom de plume of "Clericus." 
Thatcher, Chs. O., b. Amsterdam, N.Y. 1842; U.C. 64. P.S. 67; Chit- 

tenango, 80-7. Other details, see "P. Sem. Cat." 
Theilken, John G., b. in Germany, H.C. 1896, W.S. 99; 1- by CI. P.P. 
Wellsburg, la. 1899-1908, Belmond, la., Emmanuel, 1908-09., Aleservey, 
la., S.S. 1909, \\'ellsburg, la., 1910-14. Forreston, 111., 1914 — 
Thena, Robert, b. Feb. 7, 1886; Philadelphia, Pa., Ursinus Col., Mc Cormick 
Sem., 1918, 1. by Gl. St. Joseph Ref. Ch. U.S. (Plymouth, Ind., Ref. 
Ch. U.S. 1919-21), Brooklyn, Kent St., 1921 — 
Thomas, Eugene Ellis, b. North Attleboro', Mass. Jan. 7, 1851 ; Brown 
University, 70, Newton Theolog. Inst. TZ \ lie. by Baptist Ch., N. Attle- 
boro, 70; ord. by Merrimack River Assoc, "/i; (North Tewksbury, 
Mass. 73-6, Woonsocket, R. I. 76-84, Newbiiryport, IMass. 84-8, Nyack, 
N.Y., Feb., 88-Nov. 89: all Baptist chs.), Tarrytown, 2d, N.Y., 89-94, 
Castleton, N.Y., 1894 — 1904, Dec. 5. 
Also chaplain Mass. State Almhouse, 73-6 ; chairman of Bd. of Educa- 
tion, Tewksbury, Mass. 74-6; superintendent of Public Schools, W^oon- 
socket, R.I. 80-4; member of R.I. House of Representatives, 80-2, and au- 
thor of law for apportionment of Senators and Representatives in that 
State. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1905, 285. 

Publications: "Biographical Cj-c. of Rhode Island," 1881. "Brown 
University Hist. Catalog.," 1884. "Gen. Cat. of Newton Theolog. Sem.," 
1899. Author of "Future Punishment," 1878. "Woonsocket, R.I., School 
Reports," 1880-4. Ed. of "Woonsocket Patriot," daily and weekly editions, 
1879-81. 

Thomas, Moses, b. BarrvviUe, N.Y. 1845, Wms. Coll. 67, U.S. 69; Fish- 
kill, 1881-8. Other details, sec "U. Sem. Gen. Cat." 
Thompson, Abram (brother of John B. Thompson), b. Readington, N.J., 
1833; R.C. 57, N.B.S. 61, 1. CI. Philadelphia; Miss, at Pella, la., 62-8, 
Pella, 2d, 68-71, S.S., Pekin, 111. 71-2. S.S.. Pella, 2d, 72-4, Rector of 
Rutgers Coll. Grammar School, 74-6, N.Y.C., Knox Memorial Chapel, 
77-1886, d. Sept. 18. 
He united in a rare degree the best qualities of a student and a pastor 
See Manual 1902. 

Thompson, Alexander Ramsay, b. in N.Y.C.. Oct. 16, 1822; N.Y.U. 36-8, 
R.C. 39-40, N.Y.U. 41-2. P.S. 45. lie. 2d Presbyt. of N.Y. ; assist, of 
Dr. Brodhead. Central Ch. Brooklyn, 45 ; (assist, of Dr. Thos. Ma- 
cauly, Astor PI. N.Y.C., Presbyt. 45; Morristown, N. J., 4*6-7), Miss. 



530 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Bedford, Brooklyn, 47-8, Tompkinsville, 48-51, Stapleton, 51-Q, (S.S. 
Cong. Ch. Bridgeport, Ct. 59-62), 21st St. N.Y.C. 62-73, N. Brooklyn, 
73-84, also Chaplain, N. Eng. Hospital, N.Y.C, 63-5, Chaplain, Roose- 
velt Hospital, N.Y.C. 73-95, d. Feb. 7. D.D. by N.Y.U. 1866. See 
Manual 1902. 
Publications : "Casting Down Imaginations" : a Ser. at the Opening 
of Gen. Syn. 1874. — "The Points of Similarity between the Struggle for 
Independence in America and that of our Holland Ancestors." In "Cen- 
tennial Discs." 1876. — Translations of many early Latin and Greek hymns. 
(His daughter published a volume of his ballads and hymns). Many 
contributions to the "S.S. Times." 
Thompson, D.R. Fort Miller, 1843. 

Thompson, Elias Wortman, b. Readington, N. J., March 31, 1866; R.C. 
89, N.B.S. 92, lie. CI. Raritan ; Philadelphia, Pa., Talmage Memorial 
Ch. 92-94, Miss, at Havana, 111., 94-95, Philadelphia, ist (Assoc. 
Pastor), 95-96; Paterson (Broadway), 1896-1904, Missionary Superin- 
tendent, Okla., 1904-06, Hastings-on-Hudson, N.Y., 1906 . D.D., 

H.C., 1916. Chairman Finance Com. Bd. of Education, R.C. A., 1908-12. 
Pres. of the Bd., 1912-21. 
Bd., 1912-21. 

Publications: History of Classis of Paramus, 1901. History of Broad- 
way Ref. Ch., Paterson, N.J., 1901. History of Ref. Ch., Glen Rock, N.J., 
1900. Historical Sketch of the Van Bunschotan Bequest, 1915. 
Thompson, Henry Post, b. in Readington, N.J., Nov. 30, 1831 ; R.C. 54; 
N.B.S. 57, 1. CI. ♦Philadelphia ; Peapack, ^~-7i; w. c. Died Oct. 22, 
1891. 
A child of grace, of kindly disposition, correct and faithful as a youth 
and a man, an acceptable teacher and a diligent student, he endeared him- 
self to all his associates. Of excellent judgment, 'as well as of business 
qualifications, he was the counsellor and friend of his people, who con- 
sulted him in all their affairs. He wrote their deeds and their wills, and 
advised them with reference to the things of this life while doing also all 
the work of a pastor among them. It was a great grief to him, as well as 
to them, when an affection of the spinal cord so disabled him from active 
service that he was obliged to resign his charge. Returning to his father's 
house at Readington, he dwelt among his own kin until he entered into 
rest. See Manual 1902. 

PuBLic.iiTiONS : A sermon in memoriam, Abraham Lincoln, 1866. — 
Funeral sermon of Rev. Dr. John Van Liew, 1869. — "Lessons on the Gos- 
pel," in "S.S. Times," July-Dec, 1871 — "Incidents of Christian Work," 
1876. — -"History of the Reformed Church of Peapack," 1881. — "History of 
the Reformed Church of Readington," 1882. — "History of the Reformed 
Church of Bedminster," 1884. — Many contributions to "The Sower," 
"Christian at Work," "Advance," "Occident," and New Jersey papers. 
Thompson. John Bodine, b. in Readington, N.J., Oct. 14. 1830: R.C. 51, 
, teacher, and agent of N.J. Teacher's Assoc. 51-7, N.B.S. 58, lie. CI. 
Philadelphia ; Resident Graduate, 58-9 ; Metuchen, 59-66, Tarrytown, 
1st, 66-9, Saugerties, 69-71, (Free Church, Italy, 71-3), Peekskill and 
Courtlandtown. 73-4, Catskill, 74-84. (ist Presbyt. Ch. Berkeley, Cal. 
84-8 ; also Professor in Theolog. Sem., San Francisco, and editor of 
"Occident" of that city; Inverness, Cal. 89, S.S. of churches in Tren- 
ton, 90-1), Highland Park, 91-6, w. c. d. Sept. 4, 1907. 
He was prominent in the Educational Revival in New Jersey, which 
began about 1850. During three years he traveled throughout the State, 
holding Teachers' Institutes and pleading in behalf of Normal Schools. 
He was made Chairman of the Synod's Committee to provide Hymn Books 
for public and social worship, and the book thus prepared, called "Chris- 
tian Praise," has had a very large circulation throughout the churches. He 
spent two years, 187 1-3, in Italy, and cast in his lot with the new evangeli- 



THE MINISTRY 531 

cal church (Chicsu Libera Italiana) which was then arising, and of which 
the famous orator, Altssandro Gavazzi, was the principal evangehst. With 
him he twice made the tour of the United States, visiting churches in 
almost every State of the Union. By these efforts, about $50,000 were raised 
for evangelical work in Italy. Declining an invitation of the Board of 
Foreign Missions to take a professionship in Japan, he entered on his pas- 
torate at Catskill, where his most effective ministerial work was done. 
While serving the Berkeley Church in California, he was, for a time, the 
editor of "The Occident," the Presbyterian paper of the Pacific coast, and 
also a professor in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of San Fran- 
cisco. In 1888-9 he again visited Italy, and upon returning to California, 
he spent a year in laying out and establishing the Presbyterian Summer 
Resort at Inverness, a name given to it by Dr. Thompson. He was long 
an earnest student of Philosophy, and in his sermons and addresses endeav- 
ored to present old truths in their proper relations to new facts. He was 
an advocate of the restatement of Christian doctrine on a trinitarian plan. — 
See also Dr. AI. Cohen Stuart's "Zes Maanden in Amerika," Vol. ii. pp. 
66-74; and Dr. David Murray's "Hist, of Education in New Jersey," pages 
107-198. 

Publication's : Church Manual (Liturgy and Record ist Ch. Tarry- 
town. 1867; 2d. Bd. enlarged for Ch. at New Haven, 1868; Asst. Editor 
Hymn of Prayer and Praise, 1870; Asst. Editor Christian Praise, 1870, 
Lessons on the Gospels 1870-71, Asst Editor Christian Praise for Baptist 
Ch. 1872., also many sermons, addresses, articles. See Manual, 1902. 
Thompson, John Henry (son of Abram Thompson), b. at Pella, la., Feb. 

20, 1873; R.C. 94; N.B.S. 94-95, U.T.S. 95-97, assist, pastor, Presb. 

Irvington, N.Y. 1896-7. B.D. by U.T.S. 1897. In business. 
Thompson, William, b. June i, 1813; R.C. 41; N.B.S. 44; Stone House 

Plains, 45-46. d. See Alanual of 1879. 
Thompson. William J., b. in Rcadington, N.J., March 8, 1812; R.C. 34; 

tutor in Ancient Langs, in R.C. 38-41 ; N.B.S. 41 ; Ponds and Wyckoff, 

42-5; Rector of R.C. Grammar School, 46-62; Principal of Classical 

Institute. Somcrville, N.J., 65-67, d. March 19. 
He was a born teacher. He knew how to translate crabbed mathematical 
problems into a species of epic eloquence ; to make Latin and Greek texts 
disclose the honeyed sweetness of Hymettus, while Plato's bees seemed to 
repose as at home upon his lips, when with his fervent and never-flagging 
enthusiasm he commended to his pupils some striking beauties in the pages of 
classic writers. The boys who loved books and hard study found in him 
a friend and benefactor, who aroused them to diligence in their studies, 
not by promising them that they were to be Presidents, Governors, or 
Senators, but by awakening in them a hunger and thirst for the higher 
orders of knowledge. 

See Dr. David Murray's "Hist, of Education in N.J.," pages 130-1. 
Manual, 1902. 
Thoms, J. F., 1875. 
Thomson. Frederick Bordine. b. at New Brunswick, N. J.. Nov. 5. 1809; 

R.C. 1831: N.B.S. 1834; Upper Red Hook. 1834-36; Agt. Bd. of Miss. 

1^36-37; S.S. at Holmdel. 1837-8; Missionary in the East; Singapore, 

1838-9. Batavia, Java, Oct. 2, 1839-41 ; Karagan, Borneo, Feb. 4, 1842-6; 

at Berne, Switzerland, 1847-8, d. March 3. 
While quite young, he became religiously impressed ; and when more 
matured, these feelings were so quickened under the preaching of the Rev. 
Isaac Ferris, as to encourage a formal profession of faith, which was car- 
ried into effect when the Rev. James B. Hardenbergh assumed the pas- 
torate of the 1st Ref. Ch. of New Brunswick. In his address at the one 
hundred and fiftieth anniversary of that church. Dr. Ferris says: "After 
my ministry terminated, it overwhelmed me to hear from the i)recious man 



532 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

and devoted missionary, Frederick B. Thomson, that the word of my Hps 
had been made the word of Hfe to his soul." 

His mental aptitude, displayed at catechetical exercises, so won the at- 
tention of Dr. Hardenbergh, that he persuaded young Thomson to direct 
his attention to the ministry. In college, his scholarship secured the Latin 
salutatory. While in the seminary, the subject of missions greatly engaged 
his attention ; and subsequent years so confirmed his convictions of duty 
in the m.atter, that a pleasant ministerial charge was resigned, in order to 
enter upon his great life-work. 

The financial embarrassment of 1837 so affected th; missionary enter- 
prises of the day, that after his acceptance by the Board, his departure 
was delayed nearly two years. This time, however, was employed in min- 
isterial labors at Holmdel, N.J., and in exciting a missionary interest in 
the churches by personal visitations. The long interval which passed be- 
tween, the landing at Singapore, and the final settlement at Karangan, 
was employed in complying with the requisition of a year's residence at 
Batavia, imposed by the government of Netherland India upon all our 
missionaries who contemplated laboring in districts subject to the juris- 
diction of Holland, and in explorations in Borneo, with a view of ascer- 
taining the most suitable location for the proposed mission. During the 
compulsory residence at Batavia, he experienced the first of his many 
afiflications, in the death of his devoted wife — daughter of Nicholas Wyckoflf, 
of New Brunswick — "who left behind her," says a late writer, "a savor 
of meek, unobtrusive piaty, and an example of Christian energy and 
efficiency which finds but few equals at the present day." 

In the settlement at Karangan, in company with Youngblood and Steele, 
he went forth to the labors, the joys, and the sacrifices of a missionary 
career. While here died his second wife, Emma Cecilia Combe, "a most 
estimable Swiss lady, of eminent piety, who was sent forth to labor in the 
East, by the Female Missionary Society of Geneva." 

The incessant labors of Mr. Thomson gradually impaired his health, and 
in one of his missionary tours he first discovered symptoms of the dis- 
ease which finally ended his life. His weakening strength, as well as the 
necessities of his motherless children, required a visit to America by w-ay 
of Europe. During the passage, his disease rapidly developed, and not 
long after his arrival at Berne he died, in the 39th year of his age. His 
sepulchre lies in the shadow of the Alps, marked with a plain marble tab- 
let, although it was his heart's desire that Borneo should hold his ashes. 
Says he : "Here would I die, and here be buried in view of the people, 
that they might never forget that a teacher had been am.ong them." 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Dyak Hymn Book" (the first printed book in the lan- 
guage). 1844. — "Brown's Catechism" (in Dyak). 1845. — MS. Works: Gos- 
pel according to Matthew (in Dyak). 1845; Genesis, chaps, t-xx. (in 
Dyak), 1845. "The Economy of Missions," and an Essay entitled, "Shall 
the Borneo Mission be Sustained?" and his "Journal" in MS. 
Thomson, John A., b. at New^ Kingston, Delaware Co., N.Y., May 12, 1857 ; 
R.C. 1884, N.B.S. 87, lie. by CI. N. B. ; Sprakers and Stone Arabia, 
87-91, Sprakers and East Palatine, 91-94. Sprakers and Mapletown, 

1894-1902. Middlebush, 1902-20, Middletown, N.J. 1921 ., S.S. CI. 

Montgomery S.C. CI. N.B. Business Manager Somerset Ch. JSiews. 
Publications : Historical Address in Mapletown Church. Historical 
Address 75th Anniversary of Middlebush Church. 

Thomson, J. Claude, (son of Rev. John A. Thomson), b. Sprakers N.Y., 
April, 18, 1889: R.C. 1910, N.B.S. 1915. 1- by CI. N.B. M.A. Columbia 
1916, Missionary in China, 1917, (Teaching University of Nanking 
under Pres. Ch. 
Thorman, Eugene Herman, b. Germanv, Aug. 15, 1865; Koln Gymnasium 
1844, Edam Sem. 1895, 1. by CI. Pleasant Prairie, (Rockfield), Wis., 



THE MINISTRY 533 

Monroe, S.D., 1897-1903, Baileyville, S.D. 1903-10, Emmanuel, Belmond, 
la., 1910-17 d. Nov. 3. 
Thurston, John Albert, b. Pottersville, N.J., Dec. 27, 1868; R.C. 90-9-2, 
N.B.S. 95, 1. CI. Rantan; New Hurley, 1895-1903. Chicago, Norwood 
Park, 1904-16. Rochester, N. Y., 2d. 1917-21. Schenectady, N.Y., 
Bellevue, 1921 — — . D.D. Midland University 1906. 
Thyne, Joseph B., b. Albany, N.Y., Nov. 20, 1830. U.C. 1858. United 
Pres. T.S. Xenia O., 1861. Settlements in U.P. and Pres. Ch. School 
Commissioner, Fulton Co., N.Y., 1883-9- S.S. Glen, N.Y., '88-'94- S.S. 
Bellevue 97, d. Nov. 18, 1910. Min. Gen. Syn. 191 1, 264. 
Tietema, John Henry, b. Jan. 7. 1869, Friesland, Neth., Mac Alester Col. 
1899, 1. by Pres. Aberdeen, 1899. (Pres. Bcnis, S.D., 1899-1902. Alto, 
Wis., Calvary, 1902-07). Sheboygan Falls, 1907-11. Randolph 2d., 
Wis., 1911-14. Springfield, S.D., Emmanuel, 1914-19. Carmel, la., 

1919 . 

Tilton, Edgar, Jr., b. Brooklyn, N.Y., Jan. 12, 1865; N.Y.U. 1886, N.B.S. 
89. 1. CI. N.B.S.; Bethany Chapel, Brooklyn, 89-91, Jamaica, 91-98, Har- 
lem, N.Y.C., 1898-1911, Harlem, Lenox Ave., 191 1 . D.D., R.C, 

1902. 
Publications: History of the Reformed Low Dutch Church of Harlem. 
1910. 

Tilton, Frank E., b. Keyport, N.J., Aug. 20, 1873. N.B.S. 1896-8. Teacher. 
Timlow, Heman R. C.N.J. 1852; from Presbyt. Londonderry, Mass.; 
Rhinebeck, 1859-66, Brighton, S.L, 1866-8, w. c. In 1872, Episcopalian. 
Publications: A sermon on Death of President Lincoln. 1865. — A 
series of letters in the "Christian Intelligencer" from Boston, signed "Tre- 
mont," 1868-70. — "The Saints to be as Angels." In "Pulpit Repertory," 
i860? 

Todd, Aug. F. (brother of J. A. Todd), b. at Somerville, N.J., Feb. 11, 
1826: R.C. 55, N.B.S. 58, 1. CI. N.B.; Athens, Pa., 58-65, Piermont, 
65-71, Boonton, 71-^, Bloomingburgh, 72-6, Wurtsboro, 76-80, Schoharie, 
80-4, Bound Brook, 84-86, w. c. d. July 8, 1907. Min. Gen. Syn. 1908. 
240. 
Todd, Harvey Ira., b. Poughkeepsie, N.Y.,Oct. 2, 1890; R.C, 1915, N.B.S. 

1918, 1. by CL Poughkeepsie. Missionary in China, 1918 

Todd. John Adams, b. near Somerville, N. J., Nov. 2Z, 1822; R.C. 45, N.B.S. 
48, 1. CI. N.B. ; Griggstown, 48-55, Tarrytown, 2d, 55-86, w. c. Died 
March 15, 1900. 
He was a man of unusual endowment which was devoleped by continuous 
study. He was a conspicous success as a minister of the Gospel. He was 
also eminent in the councils of the denomination. D.D., R.C, 1868. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Memoir of Rev. Dr. Peter Labagh, with notices of 
R.D.C" i860. (See "Princeton Rev.," i860, p. 571.) — "The Character 
and Death of Washington Irving." 1859. — "Review of Boardman's Higher 
Christian Lfie." (See "Princeton Rev.," xxxii. 608-640.) — "The Posture 
of the Ministers and People of R.C. A. during the Revolution." In "Cen- 
tennial Discs.," 1876. — Many contributions to periodical literature. 
Todd. Wm. Newton, b. in N.I., 1844; R.C 71. N.B.S. 74, lie. CI. Raritan ; 
Dashville Falls, 74-81, Gallatin, 81-5, Saddle River, 1885-92 (Presbvt.) 
D.D. 
Toll, John C U.C. 1799, studied under Livingston, 1. CI. Albany, 1801 ; 
ord. Oct. 9, 1803; Canajoharie, Middletown, Mapletown, Westerlo and 
Bowman's Kill, 1803-15, Middletown, Westerlo, Sprakers 15-22, 
suspended, seceded (Westerlo and Middletown, Sec, 22-5, these united 
churches Avere then called Canajoharie), 25-42. d. 1848. 
Tomb, J. S. L. (son of Rev. Samuel Tomb, of Sakm, N.Y.), b. 1805, lie. 
by the Congregationalists ; (Presbyterian), Wynantskill, 1865-72. Died 
1883, Apr. 12. 
See Manual, 1902. 



534 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Tomkins, Irving Scott, b. Boonton, N.Y., Sept. 29, 1869; R.C. 1894., N.B.S. 

1894-5. Business. 
Tomkins, William Bishop, b. East Orange, N.J., Dec. 25, 1867; R.C. 1888, 

N.B.S. 1890-93. Presbyterian, d. March 27, 1904. 
Torrens, William Renwick, b. New York City., May 15, 1876; In business. 
I. by Baptist Ass. 1895, (Baptist Phoenicia, N.Y. 1895-8. Presbyterian, 

Mansfield, Pa.). New Baltimore, N.Y., 1912-17. Buffalo, N.Y., 1917 

Tracey, William Henry, b. N.Y.C., Dec. 6, 1858; Aub. Sem. 82; (Dundee, 
N.Y. (Presbyt.) 83-87), Albany, 87-91, Philadelphia, 2d, 91-95, d. 
Dec. 20. 
He received a commercial education, but gave it up for the ministry. 
His pastorates were all successful. He was a forcible preacher, very de- 
voted to his calling. It was said by a prominent clergyman at his funeral 
that he had never known a minister who loved his profession more. 
"Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1896, 493. 

Trimmer, John A. Pompton, 86-90; Episcopalian, at Helmetta, N.J. 
Troost, Evert., b. Hooglveen, Neth. Free University, Amsterdam, Neth. 
Pastorates in Holland. Pella, la.. Bethel, 1904. Kalamazoo, Mich., 4th, 
1904-16, d. July 7. Min. Gen. Syn. 1917, 250. 

Trousdale, Otis M'., Newark, N.J., ist, 191 1 . D.D. 

Tulp, A. P., b. N.Y.C.. May i, 1880; N.B.S. 1904, 1. by CI. N.Y., Hasbrouck 
Heights, N.J., 1904-07, Newark, N.J., New York Av. 1907-09. Epis- 
copalian 1909. 
Turner, Jas. 1863. 

Turner, Wm. Eaton, b. at'Port Jervis, March 20,1810; R.C. 38, N.B.S. 41, 
1. CI. N.B.; Arcadia, 41-48, also Cicero, 45, Roxbury, 50-62, Arcadia, 
62-66, Grahamville and S.S. at Upper Neversink, 67-72, Minisink, 
72-75, Greenburg. 84-9. Died Jan. 26, 1S93. 
While at Roxbury, Jay Gould, who was then a young man, attended his 
church and Sunday-school. In after years when Mr. Turner was obliged 
to give up active work (through the infirmities of age). Jay Gould pro- 
vided for his wants by granting him an annual donation. "Mints. Gen. 
Syn.," 1893, 893. — "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1893, 10. 
Tyndall, C.H., b. Alton, N.Y., July 31. 1857; Wms. Coll. 82, Aub.Sem. 
85, 1. Presbyt. Albany, 84; ord. by Presbyt. Lake Superior, 85; (Esca- 
naba, Mich. (Presb.), 85-9, N.Y.C.. Broome St. Tabernacle, 88-95, Post- 
Grad. course, N.Y.U., 92-5, Post-Grad., Berlin, Ger., 95-6), Mt. Vernon, 

1897-1921. S.S., Yonkers, Miles Square, 1902-11. Lecturer, 1921 . 

Ph.D., Univ. City of N.Y. D.D., S.T.D., Harriman University. 
Publications: "The Quickening, Filling and Enduing of the Holy 
Spirit." — "Object Sermons in Outline." — "Object Lessons for Children." — 
"Electricity and its Spiritual Similitudes." Articles for the press. 

Tyndall, Stanley G., b. . Clarksville and New Sharon, 1903-08, 

Yonkers, Crescent Place, 1912-14, Brooklyn, Greenwood Heights, 1915- 
20, Congregational. 
Tysse,- Gerrit, b. Zaandam, Neths., Jan. 2, 1870; H.C. 94, P.S. 97, 1. CI. 
Wisconsin; Leighton, la., Ebenezer Ch., 1897-1903, East Williamson, 
N.Y., 1903-11, North Holland, Mich., 1911-19. Classical Missionary, 
Classis of Holland, 1919 

Uiterwyck, see Utterwick. 

Underwood, Horace Grant, b. London, England, July 19, 1859 ; N.Y.U. 
81, N.B.S. 84, lie. by CI. of Bergen; ord. by CI. of N.B., Nov., 84. Dis- 
missed to Presbvt. of Tersey Citv, Presbyterian missionarv to Korea, 
1884-1916, d. Oct. 12. b.D., Univ. N.Y., 1891^ 
He grew up with the missionary enterprise in Korea and became one of 
its great leaders. He was continually busy with hand, tongue and pen. and 
the Church of Christ in Korea will always have reason to honor the mem- 
ory of Horace Grant Underwood. 



THE MINISTRY 535 

He was Corresponding Secretary of the Korean Religious Tract Society 
from its organization; and chairman of the Board of Translators of the 
Bible into the Korean language. ^ 

Publications: "Introduction to the Korean Spoken Language. '— 'Dic- 
tionary of the Korean Language," 1889.— A large numt)er of Tracts in 
Korean. "The Call of Korea," 1908. "Religions of Eastern Asia." 1910. 
Unglaui). Henrv, b. Newark, N.J., Nov. 28, 1857; Bloomfield School, ^7, 
Bloomfield'Sem. 80, lie. Presbyt. Newark; ord. by Presbyt. of Wash- 
ington, D.C. ; (Aliss. in Washington, D.C., and Providence, R.L, T/- 
81) ; Naumberg and New Bremen, 84-8, Callicoon, 1888-1904. 
Utterwick, Henry, b. Amsterdam, Neths., May 22, 1841 ; R.C. 62, N.B.S. 
66, 1. CI. Holland; Holland Ch., N.Y.C., 66-9, Vriesland, 69-72, Hol- 
land, Mich., 3d, 72-80, (Grand Rapids, 2d Congreg., 80-7, East Canaan, 
Ct., 1891-1901). Translated the "Amsterdam Correspondence," ob- 
tained from Holland (in 1897-8). 1901-1907, for Ecc, Rec, N.Y. Con- 
gregational, Rutherford, N.J.. 1907-17. Supplying churches. 
Publications: Many articles in the press. 

Vale, Rov Ewing. b. May 18, 1885; Washington and Tusculum, 1909, P.S. 
1912,' 1. by Holston Presbytery 1911, (Presbyterian, ist, Lambert- 
ville, 1912-13). Somerville. N.J., Raritan 2d. I9I3-I7- (Presbyterian, 

2d, Knoxville, Tenn., 1917-21, ist, Oak Park, III., 1921 . Permanent 

Clerk, N.B. Presbytery. New Era Synodical Chairman, Synod of Ten- 
nessee). D.D. by Washington and Tusculum, 1917. 
Van Aken, Alex. G., b. Rhode Hall, N.J., Jan. 17, 1852. R.C. 1873, N.B.S. 

76, lie. CI. N.B. Never ordained. Farmer. 
Van Aken, Enoch, b. Esopus, N.Y.. July 21, 1808; R.C. 30, N.B.S. and 
P.S. zi, 1. Presb. N.B.; ord. CI. Rensselaer, 34; Kinderhook, 34-5, 
N.Y.C., Bloomingdale, 35-84; d. Jan, 2, 1885. 
He was a man of beautiful spirit, a very useful pastor in a difficult city 
field for half a century. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Many articles in the Intelligencer and elsewhere. See 
Manual. 1902. 

Van Aken, Gulick, b. N.Y.C., Ap. 22, 1840; U.N.Y. 62. P.S. 62-3. U.S. 
63-4; (Philadelphia, 64-7); Freehold, 67-71; (E. Kingston, 1871-2), 
d. Oct. 20. 
Van Allen, Ira. b. Bethlehem, N.Y., June i, 1846; R.C. '/2>' N.B.S. 76, 1. 
CI. Albany; Rotterdam, 2d. 76-83, S.S., Stuyvesant Falls, 83. Wynant- 
skill. 83-90, Owasco, 90-92, Mohawk, 82-98, w. c. S.S., Owasco Outlet, 

1902 

Publications: Contributions to the press. 

Van Amburgh, Robt., b. Jan. 9, 1809; R.C. 37. N.B.S. 40, 1. CI. Pough- 

keepsie; Lebanon, 40-8. Fordham, 48-51, (Hughsonville, Dutchess Co., 

N.Y., 51-3), Lebanon, 53-69, High Bridge, 69-70, w. c. Died March 9, 

1890. 

See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1890, 195.— "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C, 1890. 

13- 

Van Antwerpen. Andrew Everett, b. Paterson, N.J., March i, 1890. N.B.S. 
1918. 1. by CI. Passaic. New Hyde Park, N.Y., 1918-20, West Sayville, 
L.I., 1920 

Van Arendonk, Arthur, b. Fremont, Mich., Oct. 10, 1871 ; H.C. 94, W.S. 
97, 1. CI. Dakota; Luctor, Kan., 97-1901, Sheldon. la.. 1901-1904. Classi- 
cal Missionary, Grand River, Holland and Michigan, 1904-19, S.S., 
Decatur, Mich., 1916. Financial Secretarv, Central College, 1920 

Van Arsdale, Cor. C. R.C. 1828, N.B.S. 31; supplied Brooklyn, Central, 
38-40; supplied South Ch., Brooklyn, 40-1, Philadelphia, 1st, 41-9, 
Greenwich. N.Y.C.. 52-4. d. 1856. D.D. 
Publications: A Ser. at New Haven, by appointment of the Peace 



536 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Society, during the Session of Legislature of Ct, 1834. — "The Christian 

Patriot" : An oration before the Alumni of R.C. 1837. — "Lessons of Wis- 
dom for a Mourning People": On Death of Pres. Harrison. 1841. — "A 

Nation's Glory and Strength": Fast-day, 1841. 

Van Arsdale, Elias B. (son of N. H. Van Arsdale), b. High Falls, N.Y., 
Aug. 2, 1869; R.C. 90, N.B.S. 93, 1. CI. Paramus; Farmer (Interlaken), 
N.i., 1893-1916, North Paterson, N.J., 1916 . On Staff of Chris- 
tian Intelligencer, 1916-1917. 
Publications: Editorials and articles in Ch. Int. 

Van Arsdale, Jacob R. R.C. 1830, N.B.S. 33, 1- CI. N.B.; Berne, 2d, 34-5, 
Mt. Pleasant (Stanton), 35-50, Tyre, 50-64, w. c. 1864-71, d. 

Van Arsdale, Nathaniel Hixon, b. at Bound Brook, N.J., April 6, 1838; 
R.C. 62, N.B.S. 67, 1. CI. N.B. ; Clove, 67-74, Jan. i; Chatham, 74-80, 
(Batavia, 111. (Cong.), 80-1), Paterson, Broadway, 81-95, Greenwood 
Heights, Brooklyn, 99-1901, Athenia, N.J., 1901-1909. Served in Civil 
War, mustered out with rank of ist lieutenant. Member and Chaplain 
of N.Y. State Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion 
of U.S. Associate Editor and Editor of Int., 18S3-1917. D.D. by R.C, 
1889. 
Publications: "The Contrast": The First Hour and the Last in the 

Life of Jesus." 1876. — "Hist, of Broadway Ch., Paterson, N.J." — Several 

Sermons. — Editorials in "Ch. Int." 

Reports of General Synod, for 25 years with editorials thereon. 

Van Arsdale, Simeon, b. Northampton, Pa., 1754, studied under Harden- 
burg, lie. by General Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1782; North 
Branch (Readington) , 1783-6, d. 
Few pastors of his day were held in equal esteem. He possessed great 

power as a preacher, and was untiring in all pastoral service. Of ardent 

piety, he was also a polished preacher. He received a call from the church 

in New York, but declined. He was cut off before his ministry had hardly 

begun. Elected a trustee of Queen's College, 1783. 

Van Arsdalen, Cornelius C, b. 1806. R.C. '28, N.B.S. 1828-31. S.S., Cen- 
tral Church, Brooklyn, 1840-41, Philadelphia, ist, 1841-9, Greenwich, 
N.Y., 1852-4, d. July '2, 1856. D.D. 

Van Basten, Johannes Vermanus, preached, as a student, Dec. 2 and 23, 
1739. at Poughkeepsie ; Jamaica. Success, Oyster Bay and Newtown, 
1739-40. See "Riker's Annals of Newtown," 238. 

Van Benschoten, Wm. B., b. Ap. 15, 1835; R.C. 61, N.B.S. 64, 1. CI. N.B. ; 
Wyckoff, 65-9, Lebanon, 69-72, Ephratah and Stone Arabia, 72-80, d. 
June 27. See "Ch. Int.," July 15, 1880. 
Publication : "Hist. Ch. Wyckoff." In "Bergen Co. Democrat." 

Van Beverhoudt, Octave, b. St. Thomas. W.I., July 15, 1871 ; c. to U.S. 
1891 ; N.B.S. 1901, 1. CI. N.Y. ; Colt's Neck, 1901-1918, d. Aug. 2. 
Killed by a R.R. train. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1919, 919. 

Van Blarcom, G. Tyre. 1895-6. 

Van Bosen, , (possibly the same as Vandenbosch), Kingston, 1691- 

3). "Mag. R.D.C.," i. 190. 

Van Brackle, Henry. R.C. 84, N.B.S. 1884-5, d. June 7- 

Van Bronkhorst, Alexander, b. Oct. 5, 1887, Forestgrove, Mich. H.C. 
1913, W.T.S. 1916, 1. by CI. Holland, 1916. Missionary to Japan. 
Publications: (Occasional articles on Missionary subjects. 

Van Brunt. Rutgers, b. N.Y.C., 1820; Hob. C. 40, N.B.S. 48, 1. CI. N.B. ; 
Albany, 3d, 48-9. supplied Newark. 2d, 49. (Smithtown and Carmel, 
Presbyt.), 51-7, Waterford, and S.S., Schaghticoke, 57-61, d. Apr. 28, 

1863. 
He was a man of ability and piety. So quiet that he was not fully appre- 
ciated. See Manual, 1902. 
Van Bunschooten, Elias, b. at New Hackensack, N.Y., Oct. 26, 1738; 

C.N.J. 1768, studied theology under Meyer, 1. by Gen. Meeting of Min- 



THE MINISTRY 537 

isters and Elders, 1773; Schaghticoke, 1773-85. Minisink, Alahakcmack 
and Walpack, 1785-8, Clove. N.J., Minisink, Walpack, W esttown and 
Mahakemack, 1788-99, Clove, 1799-1812, d. 1815, Jan. 10. (In "M.G S., 
i. 473, he is said to have taken charge of Clove and W esttown alone, 
in 1797, but probably an error). Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1783. 
He was the son of a farmer, Tcunis Van Bunschooten, of Dutchess Co., 
N.Y. The family consisted of five brothers and three sisters. None of 
the brothers were married, but the sisters married and furnished many 
heirs to the family. The estate was twenty years in course of settlement, 
and amounted to $60,000. The most of Elias' life was spent in the beau- 
tiful Kittatinnv vallev, which extends from the Delaware to the Hudson. 
He was installed in his charges here by his friend, Domine Hardenbergh 
of Raritan. His parochial charge extended to the magnificent length of 
fifty miles, through which the settlers" axes had forced a few rough horse- 
tracks. There is a local tradition that a certain deacon who collected his 
pittance of salary at Minisink, defaulting in payment, mortgaged his farm 
to the domine as security. After he ceased ministering there, the mortgage 
w^as foreclosed, and the place -mis ijivcn to the church as a parsonage! 
The church of Clove was organized in the bounds of his charges in 1787. 
He removed to that place in 1792. He here enjoyed a precious revival in 
1803, in which forty-two were added to the church. But after his death, 
that church was neglected by his own denomination, and in 1818 became 
Presbyterian, and is now divided into three churches. Mr. Van Bunschooten 
selected an admirable farm at the Clove— a glen of great beauty, with bold 
and forest-clad hills, and rushing mountain streams. Here he built a mill 
and a commodious residence, and increased in wealth, so that he left a farm 
of seven hundred acres, and other property, to a favorite nephew, besides 
his benefactions to the Church. His personal character had a strong tinge 
of eccentricity. His frugality sometimes displayed itself in the most whim- 
sical forms. He was temperate in his habits, taciturn and grave, and yet 
communicative to his friends. The country in which he lived was still 
wild and unconquered. and the inhabitants were like the land. There was 
every thing to discourage the minister of Christ. Yet he labored on. and 
his happy influence there is felt to this day. He preached extemporane- 
ously, either in Dutch or English. He was clear and distinct in argument, 
and 'scriptural in matter, and spoke mildly, yet with an earnest and holy 
unction. 

But he will be always remembered as the first large benefactor of the 
Church. He and Dr. Livingston had been born not far from each other, 
had entered the ministry nearly at the same time, and had always been 
warm friends. When Dr. Livingston was about to leave the city, and take 
up his residence at New Brunswick, at great personal sacrifice, he w-rote to 
his old friend a frank letter, suggesting the propriety of his dedicating a por- 
tion of his large estate to the cause of education. After several interviews, 
the matter was decided. He gave $14,640 during his life and increased it 
to $17,000 by his will, to educate "pious young men, who hope they have 
a call of God to preach the Gospel of Jesus Christ." It was entrusted to 
the care of the trustees of Queen's (now Rutgers) College. By accumula- 
tion, the fund was allowed to reach the sum of $20,000. Many have 
been educated for the ministry through his liberality, some of whom have 
gone to heathen shores. He made himself a perpetual power for good in the 
Church and in the world. Being dead he yet speaketh. See an admirable 
sketch of his life in "The New Brunswick Review," 1855. from the pen of 
Rev. A. W. McClure. "Sprague's Annals." "Mills' Hist. Discs.," 1874, 
1878. "Gunn's Livingston," ed. 1856, 395. See also "Centennial N.3. Sem.," 
p. 371, Corwin's Digest, 770. 

The provision of Mr. Van Bunschooten's will requesting that the deed of 
gift be read at each stated meeting of the assemblies of the church was car- 
ried out for nearly one hundred years. Finally on the advice of competent 



538 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

counsel by a unanimous vote of the Synod of IQI", this requirement was 

changed from obligatory to permissive. 

Van Buren, B., 1856-61. 

Van Buren, John Martin, b. Kinderhook, N.Y., Sept. 20, 181 1; U.C. 35, 

Aub. Sem. s^, 1. Presbyt. of Columbia; (Mt. Morris, 38-9, Cohoes, 

39-41, (ord. by CI., Ap. 23, 40), Fultonville, 42-51, New Lots, L.I., 

52-72. Died May 12, 1892. 

He was an earnest and faithful minister and an active worker in the 

cause of temperance. After giving up his charge at New Lots he devoted 

his time and the energies of his well trained mind and in writing short, but 

very interesting, articles for the religious press and temperance journals. 

His life, from the time he entered the ministry of the Church until its 

close, was an active and useful life. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1892, 657. 
Publications: "Gospel Temperance," 1877. 

Van Buren, Peter. U.C. i8c2, studied under Livingston, lie. 1804; Charles- 
town, 1st, and Glen, 1804-14, Union Village and Schodack, 14-20. Died 
1832. 

Van Buren, P. H. (s. of J. M. Van Buren), b. at Fultonville, 1846; U.N.Y. 
64, N.B.S. 67, 1. S. CI. L.L; called to Freehold, but prevented from 
settling by sickness, d. July 7, 1868. See Manual of 1879. 

Van Burk, John, b. Oosterbeek, Neths., Sept. 25, 1863; Oberlin Sem. 91, 

lie. by Congregationalists, 91 ; engaged in evangelistic work, Holland, 

91-3, New Salem and Clarksville (S.S.), 93-4. Johnstown, N.Y., 1894- 

' 1902, Athens, N.Y., ist, 1902-06, West New Hempstead, N.Y., 1906-08 

Missionary to immigrants, N.Y.C., 1908. 

Van Buskirk, Peter V., b. at Bayonne, N.J., March 2, 1845; R.C. 1866, 
N.B.S. 69; lie. S. CI. Bergen; Closter, 1869-87, Gravesend, 87-1912, d. 
March 9. 
He was a true son of the Reformed Church but at his funeral not only 

his own people, but Roman Catholics, Jews and persons of no faith thronged 

around his coffin. Min. Gen. Syn., 1912, 569. 

Vance, James Isaac, b. Arcadia, Sullivan Co., Tenn., Sept. 25, 1862; King's 
College, Bristol, Tenn., 83, Union Th. Sem. at Richmond, Va., 86, lie. 
by Holston Presb., Syn. of Tenn., 84; ord. by Abingdon Presb., Syn. 
of Va., 86; (in Southern Presb. Ch., Wythesville, Va., 86, Alexandria, 
Va., 86-90, Norfolk. Va., 90-4. Nashville, Tenn., 94-1900), Newark, 
North, 1900-1910. Presbyterian. 
See sketch in "Am. Cyc. Biog." 
Publications : "The Young Man Foursquare." — "Church Portals." — 

"The College of Apostles." — "Royal Manhood." 

Van Cleef, Cornelius, b. at Harlingen, N.J., Sept. 16, 1799; D.C. 1823, 

N.B.S. 26, lie. CI. Philadelphia; Miss, at Palatine, 26, Miss, at Mana- 

vunk, 27-8, Athens, 28-33, New Hackensack, 33-66; d. June 13, 1875. 

p.D. by R.C. 1863. 

His Christian character was beautiful and his influence like the most 

beneficent forces in nature was quiet yet powerful. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Publications : Art. in "Sprague's Annals" on Van Wagenen. — Address 

at Funeral of Rev. Edwin Holmes.— Papers on "Christian Union," in "Ch. 

Int.," Ap. 13. 1865 . 

Van Cleef, Paul Duryea, b. Millstone, Somerset Co., N.J., July 31, 1821 ; 
R.C. 43, N.B.S. 46, 1. CI. N.B.; ord. by CI. Greene; Coxsackie. 2d, 

46-9, Jersey City, 2d, (Van Vorst), 49 . Declared Pastor Emeritus, 

Ap., 1896, d. Nov. 26, 1902. D.p. by R.C, 1863. Trustee, R.C, 1869. 
Member of Bd. Domestic Missions 47 years. Stated Clerk of Gen. 
Syn., 1871-86. 
Dr. Van Cleef came of a ministerial line reaching back to 1605. He was a 

preacher of rare excellence and a Christian pastor of supreme qualities. His 

position as Senior pastor of Jersey City was one of commanding influence 



THE MINISTRY 539 

and his activities took in the wider fields of Denominational usefulness. 
See Min. Gen. Svn., 1903, 527. 

PuuLicATioNs: Co-Editor of Centennial Vol., N.B.S., 1884. Many ser- 
mons, addresses and articles for the press. See Manual. 1902. 
Van De Burg. Sheldon, b. Vriesland, Neth., April 10, 1865. N.B.S. 1899; 
Shawangunk, 1899-1903, Missionary, Oklahoma, 1903-08, Shawangunk. 

1908-20, Classical Missionary, Classis of Orange, 1920 

Van de Erve, John, b. at Willemstad, Noord Brabant, Neths., Sept. 30- 
1870; H.C. 95, W.S. 95-6. P.S. 96-7. h CI. Michigan; Grand Rapids, 
Grace Ch., 97-1901, Prof, of Mathematics, Coe Coll., Cedar Rapids, 

la., 1901 . Presbyterian. 

Van den Berg, Albert. H.C. 85, W.S. 88, Newkirk, la., 88-91, Oyerisel, 

1891-1906, Grand Rapids, Mich., 3d, 1906-18, Vriesland, Mich., 1918-20. 

Vanden Berge, E. Christian Reformed. Galesberg and Kilduff, 1911-16, 

Muscatine, la., 1915-17. , 

Van den Berg, Richard John, b. March 8, 1890, Newkirk, la. H.C. 1913. 
W.T.S. 1916, 1. by CI. G.R. Kalamazoo, North Park, 1916-19, Chicago, 

111., Englewood, 2d, 1919 

Van den Bosch, K. Noordcloes, 1856-7, seceded. 

Van den Bosch, Laurentius (same as Van Bosen?), (French Ref.), Bos- 
ton, 1685, Rye, 1686 (?), Staten Island, 1686-87, Kingston, 1687-89, 
suspended by' Sehns and others. Went to Maryland. 
He was compelled to leave Boston, where he served a Huguenot con- 
gregation, because he acted haughtily, and refused to publish the l)anns of 
marriage, according to law. Upon coming to New York, he organized the 
French in Staten Island into a congregation independent of the French 
congregation in New York, and contrary to Daille's wishes. The division 
was not healed until 1692.— See "Baird's Daille's," 94. Ecc. Rec, N.Y. 
Vanden Bosch, Thomas G., b. Grand Haven, Mich., Oct. 27, 1885. Calvin 
Col. 1912, W.T.S. 1915, 1. by CI. Mich. 1915. Pennsylvania Lane, 111., 
1915-17, Cleveland, O., ist, 1917-19. Grand Rapids, Knapp Ave., 

1919 . 

Van den Bosch. T. M., b. Nvensleck. Neth.. Aug. 3. i843- Christian Ref. 
Ch. Sem. 1879. (Christian Ref. Form Church, 1879-89, Missionary to 
Indians, 1889-1894). Rehoboth (Lucas), Mich., 1894-7. De Mott and 
Koster, 1897-1904. S.S., North Blendon, 1907, North Blendon and Three 
Oaks, 1908-1C, Agent of Chicago Tract Society, 1911, d. Aug. 19, I9I3- 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 252. 
Vanden Ihirg. Louis, 1. by CI. Iowa. Ramapo, 1901-04. Presbyterian. 
Vanden Heuvel Arie J., b. Werkendam, Neth., Aug. 17, 1854. Calvin Col. 
1890, 1. by CI. G.R. of Ch. Ref. Ch. 1890. (Christian Reformed, James- 
town, 1890-92, Rotterdam, Kan., 1892-95, Cleveland, O., 1895-1001, 
Hospers, la., 1901-1903, Le Mar, la., 1904. Jan.-July, Rochester, N.Y., 
1004-07, Passaic, N.J., 1907-12). Pastor and People, Passaic, N.J., joined 
the Reformed Church in America, March 22, 191 2, as 4th Reformed 
Church of Passaic. Pas-Saic, N.J., 4th, 1912-14, Atwood, Mich., 1914-17. 

Beverly, Mich., 1917-20, Twin Lakes, Mich., 1920 

PuBLic.VTioxs: Many Articles and Books in Dutch. 
Van den Hook, John 'H., b. Middleburg, Zecland, Neths., July 3. 1842; 
studied at Emelo, 67; lie. by Home and Foreign Missionary Ch., Hol- 
land, 67; Hopcrt, N.B., Neths., 67-9, Westerlee, Groningen, Neths., 69- 
82: Kalamazoo, Alich., 82-5, Chicago, 1st, Holland Ch., 85-92, Chicago, 
N.W. Refd., 92-6, Bozeman, Mont., Holland, West Gallatin, Presbyt., 
96-1902, emeritus. 
Vanderbeek, John. H.C. 1902, W.T.S. 1905, 1. by CI. Iowa. Oak Harbor, 
Wash., 1905-08, Churchville, Minn., 1909-14. Maurice, la., 1914-1920, 

Prairie View, Kan., 1920 

Vander Hart, Evert, b. 1847; H.C. 69, H.S. 72; Grand Haven, 2d, 72-6, 



540 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Battle Creek, Mich., 76-7, Grand Haven, 2d, 77-80, (Presbyt.), Roches- 
ter, 88-9, died Ap. 29. 
As a man, minister, leader, organizer, and persistently devoted to his 
work,, he was highly esteemed. He was a born leader, and his was the 
true leadership of drawing people, not driving them. All observant minds 
recognized these elements of his manly and symmetrical personality. A 
sweet and genial temperament, clean moral consciousness, sound judgment, 
firm purpose, remarkable tact and great energy. But he was not simply a 
man of refined and gentlemanly instincts and a good business man, he was 
much more. As a sympathetic and helpful pastor he had not many equals ; 
and as a preacher he was at once scriptural, scholarly, thoughtful, spiritual 
and deeply impressive. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1889, 919. 

Vander Heide, James, b. Sutten, Neth., Nov. 24, 1877; H.C. 1901, VV.T.S. 
1904, 1. by CI. Holland. Archer and Le Mars, 1904-06. Rehoboth, 
Lucas, Mich., 1906-11, Chicago, Northwestern, 1911-14, Bethany, Sully, 

la., 1914-19, Wichert, 111., 1919 . S.T.D., Temple Univ., 191 1. 

Van der Kam, P. Hospers, 1892-4, Leighton, la., Ebenezer, 94-6, 96-1900, 
Presbyterian, 1900-1914, S.S., Gilboa, 1914-16, S.S., Prattsville, 1914-16, 

S.S., North Blenheim, 1915. Presb3'terian, South, 1916 

Vander Kley, W., c. to America, 1871 ; Pella, 1871-3, Graafschap, 1S73-5, d. 

Dec. 20. 
Vander Kreeke, Gerrit. H.C. 1868, H.S. 1871, (Boston, Mass., Cong., 

1873-81). 
Vander Laan, Eldred Cornelius, b. Muskegon, Mich., Feb. 16, 1890. H.C. 
191 1, N.B.S. I9i6.*l. by CI. Michigan 1917. Kinderhook, N.Y., 1917-20. 
Publications: Articles in Int., Leader, etc. 
Vander Laan, Willard P. H.C. 05, W.T.S. 1909. Princ. Wisconsin Alem- 

orial Acd., Cedar Grove, Wis., 1909-18. Y.M.C.A. War Work, 1918. 
Vandcrlinde, Benj., b. at Pollifly, near Hackensack, N.T., 1719; studied 
under Dorsius and Goetschius, I. by Ccetus, 1748; Paramus and Ponds, 
1748-89, also at Saddle River, 1784-9, d. 
He was an American by birth, and was the first who appeared before 
the Coetus for examination in this country. On May 12, 1746, Haeghoort 
had written to the Classis, asking permission that he and Erickzon might 
examine and ordain Vanderline. Dorsius had lost his right to promote, 
(says this letter), and Goetschius could not legally do it. The Coetus, 
although authorized to convene, by the Classis, amounted to nothing, as 
the majority of the ministers did not attend. The Classis replied, Oct. 
3d, that he might be examined by the ministers, in Coetus assembled, in 
the name of the Classis. He made request, in Sept., 1747, of the Coetus, 
to be examined the next spring. The request and the answer both seemed 
to manifest the deep anxiety felt, and the almost doubtful propriety of 
such a revolutionary step as the Dutch examining a student in America, 
and not sending him to Holland. Vale, patria, was the language of the 
opponents. For such an innovation would surely produce defection from 
the Church in Holland. Nevertheless, he was examined, and his call to 
Paramus (still preserved in their records) was approved, Sept. 27, 1748. 
It is printed in the Manual and Record of the Church of Paramus, 1859. 
This call has some special interest, in being the first call which did not go 
through the Classis of Amsterdam for approval. Beside the ordinary 
duties, it stipulates that he was to preach on the first and second day of 
Christmas, on New Year's Day, on the first and second day of Easter, on 
Ascension Day, on the first and second of Whitsunday, and on each of 
these days only once. His charge was very extensive. Ramapo was or- 
ganized out of it, in 1785, and a second church edifice was built at Saddle 
River, in 1784, which ultimately became an independent church, (1814). 
About a year before his death, he received, as a colleague. Rev. G. A. 
Kuypers ; but he only continued there about ten months, when he was 
called to New York, and, three months after, the venerable Vanderlinde 



THE MINISTRY 541 

went to his reward. He married a niece of General Scliuj'ler. Ecc. Rec., 

N.Y. "Mints, of Coetus." 

Vander, Linden Gradus, b. Pella, la. Central Col. 1916, W.T.S. 1919, 1. by 

CI. Pella. Jamestown, Mich., ist, 1919 

Vander Mecr. Meinhard D. W.T.S. 1909. 1. by CI. G.R. Bcaverdam, Mich., 

1909-11, Grand Rapids, Mich., 8th, 1912-17, Randolph, Wis., 2d, 1918 

Vander Mel, Cornelius, b. Grand Rapids, May 15, 1880. H.C. 1903, N.B.S. 
1906, 1. by CI. G.R. Fairfield, 1906-08, Constantinc, Mich., 1908-10, 
Fishkill, N.Y., 1910-16. Also S.S., Glen, 1911-12, w. c. 1916-20, Pult- 

neyville, 1920 

Vander Meulen, Cornelius, b. at Middleharnis, Neths., Dec. 15, 1800; lie. 

Nov. 24, 1839; ord. following Sunday; Middleharnis and Rotterdam, 

Dec, 39-May, 40, Rotterdam alone. May, 40- June, 41 ; then served 

twelve chs. in Prov. of Zeeland, with headquarters at Goes, 41-7, c. to 

America with many members of his chs. Arrived in New York, July 

2, 1847; Zeeland, Mich.. 47-59, Chicago, ist, 59-61, Grand Rapids, 2d, 

61-73, emeritus. Died Aug. 23, 1876. 

He joined the Christelyke Afgcschicdene Kerk in Nederland, a body 

which had separated from the National Church. This Separated Church 

suffered considerable persecution, and large numbers, therefore, emigrated 

to Michigan in 1847 and following years. Here Vandermeulen founded 

the flourishing village of Zeeland. The hardships of the enterprise were 

borne bravely by pastor and fiock. They worshipped at first in the open 

air. and those early Sabbaths of worship, without any to molest or make 

afraid, are described as being Feast-days. He was a pioneer pastor in the 

west, a speaker of force and eloquence, of a strong personality, and was 

generally admired for his many gifts and good qualities. — See "Levensges- 

chiedenis van Rev. Cornelius Vandermeulen," by his sons. Revs. Jacob and 

John, and Rev. Peter De Pree. 

Vandermeulen, Jacob (s. of C. Vandermeulen), b. Middleharnis, Neths., 
May I, 1834; c. to Anrerica, 1847; R.C. 58. N.B.S. 61, 1. CI. Holland; 
Holland, Wis.. 61-3. Polkton, 63-4, Kalamazoo, 64-8, Holland, 3d, A'lich., 
68-71, Grand Rapids, ist, 71-2, Muskegon, 72-89. Westfield, S.D., 
89 — , (Baldwin. Wis. Presbyt.. — — ). Rotterdam and Luctor. Kan., 
94-6, Graafschap, 96-1900, Pella, Neb., 1900-1, d. Jan. 20. D.D. by H.C. 
He had a strong personality. He was a voluminous reader, and a clear 
and original thinker. He refused to be bound by the stereotyped formu- 
las of others, save as they appealed to him as of practical value for con- 
duct or doctrine. He studied the newer sciences, but kept the faith. His 
liberality was not that of the rationalist, for he ever adhered to the Cross, 
and the necessity and power of the Holy Spirit. Christ and Him as Cruci- 
fied, was with him inspiration, motive and object. His keen, philosophic 
mind made him a debater to be dreaded. He was a preacher of marked 
power and earnestness. His praise as a speaker and expounder of truth 
was in every church where he ministered. He had an impassioned speech 
and fiery eloquence, with a self-forgetfulness which was peculiarly his 
own. See "History of Ottawa Co., Mich.," pp. 104-5. — "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 
1901, 1246. — "Biog Notices Grads. R.C." 1901. 10. 

Vander Meulen. Jacob (son of Jacob Vander Meulen above), b. Grand 
Rapids, Mich., Alarch 17, 1872; H.C. 97, W.S. 190c, lie. CI. Michigan; 
Grand Haven, 2d, 1900-1907, Fairview, 111., 1907-11, Kalamazoo, Alich., 
Bethany, 1911-19. Prof. Greek, H.C. Instructor N.T. Greek and 

Exegesis, W.T.S. Prof, of same, 1921 . D.D. by H.C. 1921. 

Vandermeulen, John (s. of Cor. Vandermeulen), b. Aliddclharnis, Neth., 
Aug. S, 1838. R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 62. 1. CI. Holland: Milwaukee, Wis., 
62-70, Fulton, 111., 70-5, Jamestown, Mich., 75-85, Holland, Mich., 
Ebenezer Ch., 1885-1891, Classical Missionary, Mich., 1891-5. Holland, 
Mich, Ebenezer, 1895-1001, S.S.. Franklin. Wis.. 1902-07, d. Nov. 15, 
1908. D.D.. H.C. On Editorial Staff of De Hope. 



542 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

He was a great Hebrew scholar. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1909, 537. 
Publication of Jacob C. and John : Biography of Rev. Cor. Vander- 
meulen, their Father." In Dutch. 1876. 

Vander Meulen, John (s. of Jac. Vander Meulen), b. Holland, Mich., 
Oct. 16, 1871 ; H.C. 95, N.B.S. 98, 1. CI. N.B.; ord. CI. Ulster, July 26, 
98; Blue Mountain, 98-1901, Wallkill Valley, 1901-1903, Chicago, 
Englewood, 2d, 1903-05, Clove, N.Y., 1905-08, Grand Haven, Mich., 2d, 
1908-14. 
Vander Meulen, John M. (s. of Rev. John Vander Meulen), b. in Mil- 
waukee, Wis., 1870; Hope Coll. 91; P.S. 93-5, McCormick Sem. 95-6; 

lie. by ; Kalamazoo, 2d, Mich., 96-9, Grand Rapids, ist, Mich., 

1899-1901, missionary among the white settlers in Oklahoma, 1901-1903, 
Cordell, Okl., 1903, Holland, Mich., Hope, 1907-09, N.Y.C., Hamilton 
Grange, 1909-12. Presbyterian. 
Vander Naald, Henry, b. Sept. 27, 1878. H.C. 1903, P.T.S. 1906. Ord. by 
CI. of Dakota 1906. North Yakima, Wash., 1906-10, Sheldon, la., 1910- 

22, Chicago, 111., West Side, 1922 

Vander Ploeg, Harmen, b. at Zandt, Netherlands, Jan. 26, 1841 ; c. to 
America, 66; H.C. 74, H.S. 77, lie. CI. Holland; Fremont Centre, 
Mich., 77-78, Greenleafton, 78-82, Fulton, 111., 82-87, Vriesland, Mich., 
87-90, Orange City, la., 90-1893, d. Jan. 13. 
He was a minister thoroughly and earnestly devoted to the interests of 
the church in general and to those of his denomination in particular ; and 
he was ever in full sympathy with all its missionary and educational oper- 
ations. He was a dignified and popular minister of the Gospel, faithful to 
the terms of the spiritual contract both as an able expounder of the word 
of God and as a conscientious pastor and safe spiritual advisor. "Mints. 
Gen. Syn.." 1893, 896. 

Vander Ploeg, Herman (nephew of H. Vander Ploeg, above), b. Zyldyk, 
Groningen, Neths., Nov. 19, 1862; H.C. 92, W.S. 95, 1. CI. Holland; 
New Era, Mich., 95-1900, Coopersville, Mich., 1900-1904, Liictor and 
Prairie View, Kan., 1904-08, CI. Missionary, CI. la., 1908-11, East 
Overisel, Mich., 1911-14, Litchville, N.D., 1914-18, Sheboygan Falls, 

Wis., 1918-19, Newton, III, Zion, 1919 

Publications: Poems in De Hope and Leader. 
Vander Schaaf, John J., b. Orange City, la., Aug. 25, 1881. H.C. 1907, 
W.T.S. 1910, 1. by CI. Holland. Litchville and North Alarion, N.D., 

1910-12, Spring Lake, Mich., 1912-16, Bethel, Lcota, Minn., 1916- 

Publications: Articles in De Hope. 
Vander Schoor, C, b. Grand Rapids. Mich., Julv 23, 1876. H.C. 1905, 
W.T.S. 1908. 1. by CI. G.R. Baldwin, Wis., 1908-13, Grandville. Mich., 
1913-15. Williamson. N.Y., S.S., 1915-17, Pastor, 1917-20, Manhattan, 
Mont, and Big Timber, Mont., 1921 . Also Big Timber and Alder- 
son, 1921 

Vander Schuur, K., b. at Midwolda, Netherlands, April 17, 1803. Studied 
under Rev. Mr. Kok. Lie. and ord. by the Church of the Separated, 
1840; Hoogeveen, 40-48, Graafschap, Mich., 49-50. Oostburg, Wis., 
50-66, emeritus. Died Nov. 17, 1876. 
Having received a religious training at home, he identified himself with 
the interests of those who had separated from the National Church — the 
seceders or separated ones. This secession took place about 1828, on ac- 
count of errors in doctrine and practice, as alleged. He shared in the 
common persecution to which these seceders were exposed. At the advice 
of Rev. Mr. Kok, who was then educating young men for the ministry, 
he was induced to leave a thriving business and prepare himself for the 
ministry. Moving to Michigan in 1849, he shared in all the trials and 
hardship of western pioneer life. — John Hoffman. 

Vander Schuur, K. South Holland, 49-51. joined the Assoc. Rcfd. Ch. 
Vanderveen, Christian, b. at Amsterdam, Neths., Nov. 15, 1838; c. to 



THE MINISTRY 543 

America, 46; R.C. 58. N.B.S. 61, lie. and ord. by CI. Holland; Grand 
Haven, 61-8. Grand Rapids, i.st. 68-70, Third Editor of "De Hope." 
71-3, (Canon City, Colorado, Presbyt., 74-5), Drenthe, 75-88, w. c. 
Died Oct. 17, 1896. 
He was a man of intellect and literary skill. He suffered long from ill 

health but made the periods of his enforced retirement useful by the products 

of his pen. See Manual, 1902. 

PuBLic.\Tioxs : Many articles under the name of "Paulo" for the Int. 

and other papers. 

Vanderveer, Cyrus G. (son of Ferdinand H. Vanderveer), b. at New 
Hurley, 1835; N.B.S. 59, 1. CI. Paramus ; Miss, at Plavana, 59, Daven- 
port, 59-66, also Chaplain in the army, 61-2, Cor. Sec. Bd. Dom. Miss., 
66-8, d. See Manual of 1879. 
PuBLic.vTiON : Art. on Inspiration in "Evang. Quarterly." 

Vanderveer, David N., b. Florida. Montg. Co., N.Y., Sept. 22, 1841 ; U.C. 
1863, P.S. 66, 1. Presbvt. N.B. 65, Kingston. 67-76. (Chicago, Union 
Park. Cong., 76-8), Brooklyn, 79-86. Died 1902. D.D. by U.C. 

Vanderveer, Ferdinand H., b. near Somerville, N.J., 1800; U.C. 1820, 
N.B.S. 22,, 1. CI. N.B.; Miss, to Hyde Park, 23, to Ovid, 23, Hyde 
Park, 23-9, New Hurlev, 29-39, Newburgh, 39-42, Warwick, 42-76, w. c. 
Died Julv 10, 1881. D.D. by R.C. 1859. 
See "Ch. Int.." July, 1881. 
Publication : An Exegesis on "Baptize." 1880. 

Vanderveer, John. b. in Hunterdon Co., N.J., May 5, 1800; C.N.J. 17, 
N.B.S. 22. lie. CI. N.B.; Miss, at Mapletown, Westerlo, Canajoharie, 
Oppenheim, Fayette, Ovid and Union, 23; (Philipsburg, Pa., Presbyt., 
24-7), teacher at Easton, Pa., 27-54; d- 1878. D.D. by R.C, 1852. See 
\Ianual of 1879. 

Vanderveer, John Quick. R.C. 1877, N.B.S. 1880. Died and buried at 
sea, June 24, 1880. 

Vanderveer, Lauren, b. ,near Amsterdam, N.Y., Sept. 6. 1856; U.C. 78, 
N.B.S. ^2, 1. CI. Schenectady; supplied Albany, 3d, 83, Rotterdam, 2d, 
83-9, Mt. Pleasant, 90-1897. Died Aug. 17, 1897. See "Mints. Gen. 
Svn.," 1898, 234. 

Vanderveer, Peter L., b. Brookside, N.J., Sept. 30, 1846. R.C. 1868, N.B.S. 
1868-9, went to Germany to study. Became a lawver. Died March 16, 

1893. 

Vander Voort, John C, b. at Bound Brook, 1798; Q.C 1818, N.B.S. 1819, 
1. CI. N.B. 1819; (German Valley and Fox Hill, Presbyt.. 1819-26, 
Basking Ridge). 1826-34. Totowa. ist, 1834-7, Kinderhook, 1837-42, 
Mellenville, 1842-5, New Paltz. 1845-8, Ghent, 2d, 1848-51, died June 
21. See Manual of 1879. 

Vandervolgen. John V., from Chester Assoc, Vt., 1842; w. c. 1842-50, d. 

Vander Werf, Anthony, b. Neths., Alarch 20, 1873, Grand Rapids Chris- 
tian Refd. School, 95. W.S. 1901, 1. CI. Holland. Koster, Wichert, 
1901-1903, LaFayette, Ind., 1903-06, Friesland. Wis. (Randolph Centre), 
1906 — — 

Vander Werf, Seth. W.S. 1895, Chicago. N.W. Ch., 96-9, Gibbsville, 1899- 
1902, Holland, Mich., ist, 1902-05. Pella, la., ist, 1905-14. Field Sec. 
Bd. D.M., 1914 

Vander Wart. Herman, b. in Arnheim. Netherlands, Sept. 9, 1851 ; H.C. 73, 
N.B.S. 76, lie. CI. Albany; Glenville. 2d. 76-83, Athens, 83-6, Hacken- 
sack, 1st, 1886-1910, d. Jan. 6. D.D., R.C, 1906. See Min. Gen. Syn., 
1 910, 832. 

Vander Woude, Berend T., b. Hallum, Neth., April 25, 1884. H.C. 1913, 
W.T.S. 1916, 1. by CI. Holland. Newton, 111., 1916-19, Portage, Mich., 
1919 



544 THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA 

Van Dousen, Robert J., b. Fort Plain, N.Y., Jan. i8, 1873. Hartwick 
Sem. 1899, 1. by Lutheran Synod, 1898. (Lutheran, Manheim and Ing- 
ham's Mills, 1902-04, Central Bridge, 1904-08, Ingham's Mills, 1909-10, 

Churchtown, 1910-15, West Camp. 1921). S.S., Katsbaan, 1921 

Vandeventer, John Cornelius, b. N.Y.C., 1847; N.Y.U. 70. N.B.S. "jz, 1. 
CI. Bergen; Cold Spring, 73-5, Glenham, 75-8o, Paramus, 80-6, Nya'ck, 
86-92, d. Nov. 8. 
See Manual, 1902. 

PuBLiCATiox : '"The Pastor's Greeting," Jan. i, 1881. 
Vandewall, Giles, b. in Holland. October 14, 1828 ; studied in Holland, came 
to America. 1846. N.B.S. 56, 1. CI. N.Y. ; East Millstone, 56-S ; Miss, 
in the West, and teacher in Holland Academy, 58-61, Bloemfontein, 
South Africa, 61-70, Paarl, South Africa, 1870-96, d. Jan. 2. 
He went to South Africa to help the evangelical party there against the 
rationalists. For thirty-five years he was recognized as one of the best 
scholars and leading men in the South African Church. His vivid descrip- 
tion of the South African Church may be found in the Christian Intelli- 
gencer for 1862 and afterward. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Vandewater, Albertus, b. Bushwick, N.Y., Sept. 21, 1821 : C.N.J. 46, P.S. 
49; l:c. Presbyt. N.Y. 49; (Athens, Pa., Presbyt.. 49-52); Spotswood, 
N.J., 54-67, North Blenheim and Breakabin, 67-9, Ponds, 69-72, w. c. 
In 1877 joined the Presbyt. of Potosi, :Mo. Died Feb. 28, 1879. See 
"P.S. Gen. Cat." 
Vandeweg, Matthij, b. July 30, 1886, Dordrecht, Holland. Utrecht Univ. 
Medical. Chicago. Ord. Dutch Ref. Ch., South Africa, 1911. Mission- 
ary to China, 1919 

Vande Werp, J. S.S., Corsica, S.D., 1915-16. 

Van Doom, Marinus, b. Neths., Feb. 3, 1842; H.C. ; N.B.S. 8c, 1. CI. 
N.B. ; ord. CI. Geneva, May 5, 81 ; Clymerhil, 81-9, Newark, N.Y., 89- 
93, Pultneyville, 1893-1905, d. Oct. 20. 1910. Min. Gen. Syn., 1911, 265. 
Van Doren, David K.. b. Pluckamin, N.J., Feb. 18, 1841 ; N.B.S. 67, lie. 
CI. N.B. ; West Hurley, 67-9, Currytown and Spraker's Basin, 69-73. 
Albany, 3d. 73-5, Saratoga, 75-83. Scotia, 83-85, Middleburg, 85-90, 
Dist. Sup. Am. Bible Soc, 90-98, New Salem and Clarksville, 1900-1902, 
Schodack Landing, N.Y., 1902-07, d. Feb. 7, 1908. Min. Gen. Syn., 
1908, 240. 
Van Doren. Isaac, b. July 9, 1773; studied under Livingston, lie. CI. N.Y., 
1798; (Hopewell, Orange Co.. N.Y., 1802-25, teaching in Newark, 
1825-9, Colleg. Inst, for Young Ladies on Brooklyn Heights, 1829-34;' 
Coll. for Young Ladies at Lexington, Ky., 1834-8, Academy at War- 
saw, Ky., 1838-40; Miss. Ch. at Iron Alt., Missouri. 1840-4, w. c, d. 
1865). 
He at once entered the Presbyterian Church, and spent many years in 
teaching. His son, Rev. John Livingston Van Doren, was an Episcopalian, 
settled in the West. See "Our Home," a Somerville magazine, p. 340. His 
daughter, Mrs. Davidson, wife of Rev. Dr. Davidson, formerly of New 
Brunswick, embalmed his religious life in "The Old Parsonage," pubd. 
by Presbyt. Board. 

Van Doren, John Addison, b. N.Y.C.. 1815: R.C. 1835. N.B.S. 1838, 1. 
CI. N.Y., 1838; Middlebush. 1838-66. supplied Lodi, 1866; S.S., Clinton 
Station, 1866-72, w. c. Died Aug. 24, 1886. 
He was an able man and a faithful pastor but for many years before his 
death laid aside by sickness. 

Manual, 1902. 
Van Doren, John Howard, b. at Princeton, N.J., Aug. 20, 1837; R.C. 59, 
N.B.S. 64, 1. CI. N.B.; Missionary to China, at Amoy, 65-8, speaking 
in behalf of missions in America, Oct., 68-Oct., 70, at Amov, Dec. 70- 
Feb., y% Cato, 74-6, Tyre, N.Y., 76-82, Gallupville. 82-6, Ulster Park. 
86-92, Bath-on-Hudson, 92-8, died June 6. 



THE MINISTRY 545 

During his seminary course, patriotism became so strong in him that, on 
Sept. 2, 1862, he enhsted in Co. K, 13th Reg. N.J.V. He was honorably 
discharged. June, 1863. He chose the mission field for his labors, but twice 
ill health drove him home. While in China, he was the author of a mental 
arithmetic in the Amoy Colloquial, which (1899) was yet in use in the 
schools of colleges of the district of Amoy. His advent to his last field 
of labor, Bath-on-the-Hudson, was under very discouraging circumstances. 
There was only a small nucleus for the organization of a church, but by 
great perseverance he succeeded in effecting an organization, and in erecting 
a fine edifice; yet not a dollar's worth of work was ever contracted for until 
the money was sure. He also refused to raise a dollar for the purpose by 
socials, fairs, excursions, or any expedients of such doubtful propriety. 
His efforts in his spiritual duties were as successful as his business capac- 
ities. He preached tjie Gospel of Christ from the heart, with great accept- 
ance, and the word preached was not without its fruit. He was a man 
of mild and pleasing demeanor, a good neighbor and citizen, and, perhaps, 
he never had a personal enemy. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1899, 550. — "Biog. 
Notices of Grads. R.C.," 1899. 16. 

Van Doren, Luther H. (s. of Rev. Isaac Van Doren), b. Hopewell, Orange 
Co., N.Y.. 1808; C.N.J. 1831; studied a while with Rt. Rev. R. B. 
Smith. D.D., LL.D., P.E. Bishop of Kentucky ; 1. Presbyt. of West Lex- 
ington, Ky. ; ord. Presb. of Columbia, Mo., 1834; (St. Louis, Farming- 
ton. Columbia, Mo.; Freehold. Tennent Ch., N.J.; Paducah, Ky. ; 
Spring St., 50th St., New York; New Vernon. N.J., Presb., 34-71); 
Montville, 71-4; Middletown, N.J.. 74-6, d. 
See Manual, 1902. 

PuBLic.Mioxs : "Triumphs of Grace": A Disc, on the Death of Richard 
W. Redfield. 1847. — Commentary on the Gospels. 2 vols. — Com. on 
Romans. 2vols. 1873. — "Mercantile Morals." 1852. — Many articles in 
the Religious Papers. — A Series of Letters in "Ch. Int.," in 1854-5, on his 
foreign travels. 

Van Doren, Wm. H. (s..of Is. Van Doren). P.S. 1840 (?) Williamsburgh, 
1840-9, Piermont. 2d, 52-3. w. c. (Presbyt. St. Louis, Mo.). D.D. by 
R.C.. 1869. Died 1882. Sketch in "N.Y. Observer," Sept. 4. 1882. 
Van Doren, Wm. H., b. Bucks Co., Pa., May 21, 1839. R-C. 1867, N.B.S. 
71, lie. CI. N.B.; West End, Jersey City, 71-7, Blooming Grove, 77-82, 
West Hurley and Stewartville, 83-4, Laboring for Ohio Tract Society, 
85-6, Fairview, 88-93, Spotswood, 94-5, w. c. 
Van Doren. Wm. Theodore, b. N.Y.C., 1819 (brother of J. A. Van Doren) ; 
R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 40, 1. CI. N.Y.; Miss, in Batavia, 41-2, Woodstock, 
N.Y., 43-5, (Port Byron, Presbyt., 45-52), Mott Haven, 52-3, Ramapo, 
53-7, South Bend, S7-9, Chaplain in Armv, 7th Missouri Cavalrv, 61-2, 
w. c. Died 1886. 
Van Driessen, Johannes, b. i6()7, matriculated at University of Groningen, 
May 13, 1717, as a student of theology, giving his residence as 
Monoghodamensis ; lie. and ord. in New Haven, by a Congregational 
Covmcil, Ap. 13. 1727; Clavcrack. Kinderhook and Livingston Manor, 
1727-8. Kinderhook, 1728-35, intruding at New Paltz and out-stations, 
1732, as well as at Germahtown; Aquackanonck and Pompton, 1735- 
48, silenced. Also occasionally supplied Paramus, 1 731-2; 1735-48. 
He was educated in Belgium, but, with a letter from Patroon Van Rens- 
selaer, he proceeded to Yale College, and was licensed and ordained by 
the Congregationalists. His brother Peter, of Albany, helped him in this 
matter, contrary to the emphatic advice of the ministers of New York 
and Kingston. When the Classis of Amsterdam heard of this circum- 
stance, they expressed their profound sorrow that such a one as John Van 
Driessen had now succeeded in thrusting himself into the ministry. The}' 
censured Peter Van Driessen for his course, and commended those who 
opposed him. They declared John to be no legal minister in the Re- 



546 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

formed Dutch Church, because the Independents in New Haven had no 
right to commission ministers for Dutch churches ; because his conduct 
was then and had been very far from correct ; and lastly, because he had 
previously, as well as in 1727, presented forged certificates. Owing to 
the lack of ecclesiastical judicatures in America, he managed to find, for 
twenty-one years, congregations which would accept him. Finally he was 
silenced. The Classis charged his brother with knowing the falsity of the 
certificates which John used at New Haven, and Peter's angry conduct in 
the matter toward the people of Claverack tends to strengthen the charge. 
No minister had yet been legally ordained in America by the Dutch, al- 
though Tesschenmaeker's ordination (1679) had been ratified afterward, 
while Paul Van Vleck's (1710) was altogether irregular. (Tesschen- 
maeker. Van Vleck, Freeman). Partly for these reasons the Classis 
permitted Boehme (1729) and Schuyler (1736) to be ordained by the 
ministers here, and thus the way was prepared for the Ccetus. Without 
some ecclesiastical authority in the American churches, such impositions 
could not be altogether prevented. "Ecc. Rec, N.Y.," several letters. "Stitt's 
Hist, of Ch. of New Paltz." "Zabriskie's Claverack Centennial." "Mints, 
of Ccetus." "Doct. Hist.," iii. 916. His professed literary testimonials 
from Momkendam, Hardenwyck and Utrecht are inserted in the.Aquack- 
anonck records. He continued his studies with his brother Peter at Al- 
bany. When his case was stated at Yale College, and his testimonials 
shown, he was ordained by a council for the service of the Dutch churches 
on the North River. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Van Driessen, Petrus Htnricus (brother of Johannes Van Driessen), 
matriculated at Groningen University, Nov. 2, 1705, giving his resi- 
dence as Coevordiensis. A Latin note appended to his name, reads as 
follows: Hujus Dn. Patri per Pedellum remisi oblatum. — Albany, 
1712-38. Also supplied Kinderhook, 1712-27; Linlithgow, 1722-37?, 
and Schenectady, occasionally. Died Jan., 1738. He was also mission- 
ary to the neighboring Indians. 
His conduct, in connection with his brother (see above) does not indi- 
cate a very high tone of character, and his letters leave the same impres- 
sion. The old stone church at the foot of State Street in Albany was 
built in 1715, during his ministry there. He was married by Rev. Peter 
Vas, of Kingston, on Aug. 26. 1712, to Eva, daughter of Hendrick and 
Anna Cuyler. See "Rogers" Hist. Discourse." "Doc. Hist.," iii. 546, 548- 
552. "Ecc. Rec, N.Y." 

Publications: Aanbiddelijkle wegen God's in zijne Souveraine Bestu- 
ringe, besonder over de Machten deser Wereld verklaart en toegepast in 
drie Predicatien, door P. V. D., VD.M. te Nieuw Albania, N.Y., gedrukt 
by J. Pieter Zenger. 4to, pp. 79. 1726. 

("Adorable Ways of God in his Soveriegn Government, especially on 
the Powers of this World," explained and applied in three Sermons, by 
P. Van Driessen, Verbi Dei Minister in New Albany). 

A copy of this rare volume was in possession of Hon. Henry C. Murphy, 
of Brooklyn, N.Y. Two of the above-mentioned discourses were preached 
on the accession of George I., and one on occasion of Governor Burnet's 
treaty with the Five Nations. The introduction to these sermons, addressed 
to Governor Burnet, is given by Dr. E. P. Rogers, in his "Hist. Discourse" 
at Albany, 1857, pp. 63-67. 

Van Duine, Anthony M., b. Holland, Mich., Sept. 10. 1863; H.C. 89, 
W.S. 92, 1. CI. Holland; ord. CI. Iowa, June 17, 92; Holland. Neb., 
92-1900, Newkirk, la., 1900-1904, Alton, la.. 1904-10, South Holland, 
111., 1910-12, Chicago. 111., Englewood, ist, 1912-15, Passaic, N.J. (Hoi.), 

1915 

Van Dyck, Alexander S., b. N.Y.C., Nov. 25, 1858; C.C.N.Y. 79. N.B.S. 
82, 1. N. CI. L.I. ; ord. by same, Oct. 17, 82; Missionary at Amoy, 



THE MINISTRY 547 

China, Dec, 82-Marcli, 95; Highland Park. N.J., 1897-1903, Cobleskill, 
N.Y., 1903-06, Phihnont, N.Y., 1906-14, Syracuse, N.Y., 2d, 1915-21, 

Wanaque, N.J., 1921 . Supt. Home Dept. N.J. S.S. Ass. Member 

Ex. Com. N.J. S.S. Ass., 1899-1903. Director of Syracuse Training 
School of Religious Education, 1917-19. 
Van Dyck, Cornelius L., b. at Kinderhook, 1804; U.C. 26, N.B.S. 29, 1. 
CI. ; Marbletown, 29-53, North Esopus (Port Ewen), 56-66, d. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Van Dyck, Cornelius Van Allen, b. at Kinderhook, N.Y., Aug. 13, 1818; 
studied at Kinderhook Academy; Jefferson Med. Coll., Philadelphia, 
Pa., 39; appointed medical missionary to Syria, by A.B.C.F.M. 39; 
voyage to Syria, Jan.-Ap. 2, 40; founded Boys' Sem. at Abeih, Mt. 
Lebanon, 43; in charge of same, 43-51; ordained by Syrian Mission, 
J[an. 14, 1846. 

Principal of Missionary Sem., 48-52, transferred to Sidon field, 52-7, (in 
United States, 53-4-) ; appointed to complete Arabic translation of Bible, 
and transferred to Beyrout, 57, manager of Mission Press at Beyrout, 
57-80; elected corresponding member of the '"Deut-sche Morgenlandsche 
Geschellschaft," 1858; visited Europe in reference to the Arabic transla- 
tion of Bible, 60; said translation completed, Aug. 22, 1864. — In New York 
City, supervising the making of electrotype plates for said translation, 
65-7, teacher of Hebrew in Union Sem., 66-7; (Heb. Professorship offered 
him in U.S., but declined). 

Returned to Syria, 1867, director of the ^lission Press; editor of first 
religious newspaper in Arabic; Professor of chemistry and pathology, in 
Med. Dept. of Syrian Prot. Coll. — After about five years. Prof, of Astron- 
omy and director of the Observatory. (Much of that service, gratuitous; 
large part of the apparatus procured at his own expense, and subsequently 
transferred to the College at about half-price). 

About 1871, as Prof, of Pathology in the Syr. Prot. Coll., became physi- 
cian to the Hospital, founded and maintained by the Knights of St. Jolin 
in Prussia. In 1879, received from the King of Prussia the gold decoration 
and "Order of the Royal Crown." In summer of 82, short vacation of six 
weeks in V^ienna ; in Dec. 82. resigned his connection with the College. 

Physician to St. George's Hospital, W'hich was founded and maintained 
by the Orthodox Greek sect of native Syrians, 83-94. — Jubilee celebration 
of his landing in Svria, Ap. 2, 1890. Died Nov. 13, 1895, aged yy years. 

M.D. by Jeff. Med. Coll., Philadelphia, 1839.— D.D. by R.C., 1865.— 
L.H.D. by R.C., 1890. — LL.D. by University of Edinburgh, 1892; Con- 
ferred "in absentia" — a very imusual honor. 

He was the third son of Henry L. Van Dyck, M.D., and Catharine Van 
Alen. His brothers were the late Rev. Laurence H. Van Dyck; and Rev. 
Dr. Henry Van Dyck, of Brooklyn, a man of eminent character and wide 
reputation. The parents were of godly ancestry who had been identified 
with the Reformed Dutch Church of Kinderhook from its beginning. They 
were both of exalted Christian character, as well as of high social standing. 
The influence of their example and training, and the answers to their 
prayers appeared in the life and character of all their children, both boys 
and girls. 

At the age of thirteen (Aug. 23, 1831), Cornelius became a member of 
the Kinderhook church, and thence his membership was never removed. 
The Kinderhook Academy, at which he was educated in English and the 
classics, was, at that time, an institution of high standing and almost 
national repute. Deciding to follow his father's profession, and having ob- 
tained his M.D. in Philadelphia, he offered himself to the service of the 
Lord in Syria. This was, at that time, a difficult and most unpromising 
field, but a high sense of duty and a consecrated heart made it a welcome 
field to him. On his arrival in Syria he applied himself to the study of 
Arabic, and with his diligence and an unusual aptitude for languages, his 



548 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IK AMERICA 



progress was rapid. He quickly outstripped his fellow-students, and be- 
came so accurate and fluent in the language, that native-speaking Arabs 
mistook him, sometimes, for one of themselves ; so that, on one occasion, 
indeed, from this cause, in a conflict between Maronites and Druses, his 
life was in danger. His Moslem dress and his perfect Arabic were regarded 
as disproving his claims to be an American. 

Scarcely a question could be asked concerning an Arabic word that he 
was not ready to answer at once. And not only that, but having a wonder- 
ful memory as well, it was hard to find any Arabic word for which he 
could not quote a line of poetry off-hand, from some classic author, who 
had used it. He came to be recognized as the first Arabic scholar of the 
world. Under these circumstances, there was but one answer to the ques- 
tion of the Mission and the American Board, as to the man best qualified 
to complete the translation of the Bible, on which Dr. Eli Smith had 
labored for about eight years. Scarcely less proficient in Hebrew and 
Greek than in Arabic, he was peculiarly qualified for this monumental 
work of giving the Scriptures to the many millions of Arabic-speaking 
people. Revising, and, to a considerable degree, re-writing all of Dr. 
Smith's work, the Pentateuch excepted, he produced a translation which, 
for accuracy and elegance, is the wonder of scholars and the joy of all 
lovers of pure Arabic. This alone will give him an immortality of honor, 
and make his name precious to the hearts of Christians for generations 
to come. The best native scholars, and the world's most eminent Oriental- 
ists were constantly consulted. The result is an unsurpassed classic for 
all Arabic-speaking people. The Mission Press in Beyrout printed every 
year, about 15,000,000 pages, perhaps more, of this Bible, every word of 
which was first written in Arabic characters by these two men, whose 
graves are in the Beyrout cemetery. This work and these men have justly 
been termed "America's gift to the Moslem world." 

The introductory outline (given above) of Dr. Van Dyck's life and 
labors reveals how many and varied were his services to Christ and hu- 
manity. They cannot be presented in detail in the space allotted to this 
sketch. Few have had such qualifications and opportunities for manifest 
service. He was a devoted Christian missionary ; an accomplished, al- 
most an encylopedic scholar; an unusually successful writer and trans- 
lator of many books of wide range ; an eminent teacher and Professor, 
indeed, almost a well-equipped University Faculty in himself; a skillful 
and beloved physician and surgeon, he has rendered Christ. His church 
and the world a service rarely paralleled. 

During fifty-five years of missionary service he visited his native land 
ony twice ; once on furlough, and once on missionary business. His 
habits of living were almost ascetic in their simplicity. He had great 
fondness for animals, especially for dogs, which always became devotedly 
attached to him. An American visitor speaks of seeing in his study a hang- 
ing lamp, around the top of the chain of which a swallow was building 
her nest ; "and the gentle old man had carefully spread newspapers on 
the floor, to catch the falling bits. Dr. Van Dyck explained that the 
swallow had been driven in by other birds, and he could not turn it out." 

He had a keen sense of humor and was very fond of a good joke. He 
was the staunchest of friends and the most outspoken of antagonists. 
Although not without acrimony, at times, in the heat of controversy, he 
scorned all that was unfair or underhanded. His character and services 
won wide recognition from all ranks and sects. The first marble Memorial 
erected in Syria in modern times was his marble bust in the court of St. 
George's Hospital ; evincing the affection of the Orthodox Greeks for the 
faithful physician and missionary. 

The tribute rendered to him at the Jubilee Services on the completion of 
fifty years in Syria, by Christians, Moslems, Maronites. Druses, Jews, of 
every rank and condition, was such as no foreigner had ever received. 



THE MINISTRY 549 

A SjTian expression of the feeling of his people was : "We say — after 
God, Van Dyck." 

In the autumn of 1895, Dr. Van Dyck, already much enfeebled, was 
attacked by prevailing typhoid fever, and after a short illness "fell asleep." 
His funeral was attended by a vast concourse, representing every rank, 
nationality and religious faith. His remains were placed in the Mission 
Cemetery at Beyrout, near the church in which he often preached, and 
not far from the graves of his honored predecessors, Pliny Fiske and Eli 
Smith. The whole Christian world grieved with the bereaved family, 
mission and people of Syria, and rendered glowing tribute to his life and 
service, while rejoicing in the assured and all-rewarding welcome of the 
King — "Well-done, good and faithful servant !" 

He had married, on Dec. 2^, 1842, Julia Abbott, daughter of the British 
consul. His widow, two sons and two daughters, survived liim. The 
elder son, Edward, was an Egyptian government official ; the younger, Wil- 
liam Thompson Van Dyck, M.D. was a distinguished physician in Beyrout. 
To the latter the writer is much indebted for assistance in the prepara- 
tion of this sketch. All other available sources of information have been 
freely used. — See also Manual of 1879. See "Anderson's Hist, of the Alis- 
sions of the American Board to the Oriental Chs.," i. 249; ii. 32'^, 345, 366, 
368. In "Bibliotheca Sacra," xxvi. 170, Van Dyck's opinion is quoted on 
the wines of Syria. 

Publications in Ar.^bic : "Westminister Assembly's Shorter Cate- 
chism," 1843. Last edition, 1884.— "Manual of Geography," 1852, 1876, 
1885. — "School Geography," 1850; 3d ed. 1886. — "Manual of Algebra," 
1852, 1877. — "Elements of Euclid's Geometry," 1857. — "Arabic Prosody 
and Versification," 1857. — "Translation of the Bible," 1857-64. — "Manual 
of Chemistry, Organic and Inorganic," 1869. — "Treatise on Smallpox and 
Measles," 1872. — "Manual of Trigonometry, Logarithms, etc., with Tables," 
1873. — "Manual of Mensuration, Surveying and Navigation," 1873. — 
"Manual of Physical Diagnosis," 1874. — "Treatise on Astronomy," 1874. — 
"Text-Book of Pathology and Practice of Medicine," 1878. — "Translation 
of D'Aubinges's Hist, of the Reformation," 1878. — "Schonbcrg-Cotta 
Family," 1885. — "Primers of Science," 8 vols. 1886-9. — "Practical 
Astronomy," 1893. — Sundry Sermons, Catechisms, etc., etc., published 
from time to time.— Translation of Ben-Hur, 1896. Posthumous. — Many 
Tracts.— By Rev. Dr. Edward Collier.— See also Dr. T. W. Welle's 
"Ancestral Tablets," p. 238. 

Van Dyck, Ezekiel Deyo, b. New Paltz, N.Y., Feb. 15, 1858; N.Y.U. 80, 
U.S. 83. A candidate in S. CI. Long Is. 1883. See "Union Sem. 
Gen. Cat." 
Van Dyck, Hamilton, b. 1807. Ham. Col. 26, York Sem. (G.R.) 29, 
(Chambersburgh, 1829-33), Prattsville, N.Y., 1833-6, d. See Manual, 
1879. 
Van Dyck, Lawrence H. (brother of C.V.A. Van Dyck), b. at Kinder- 
hook, N.Y., Oct. 5, 1807; A.C. 1830. Aub. S. 33, lie. and ord. Presbyt. 
Cayuga, 33, agent in Kentucky for Tract Society, 33-S, (Cairo, N.Y., 
Presbyt. 35-9, Spencertown. N.Y., Presbyt. 39-44), Gilboa. 44-52, Hel- 
derbcrgh. 52-6. Blooming Grove, 56-61, Stone Arabia, 61-7, teaching, 
69-70, Unionville, 70-6, Rector of Hertzog Hall, 76-81, w. c, d. at 
Brooklyn, N.Y.. Jan. 24, 1893. 
He was a faithful, conscientious minister of the Gospel of the Lord 
Jesus Christ, preaching the truth plainly, rebuking sin fearlessly and ever 
pointing to Christ as the only hope of the perishing. He was very eloquent 
in prayer, a modest, unassuming man, lacking, perhaps, in self-assertion, 
but inire of heart, true and steadfast to principle and duty: and from the 
beginning to the end of his ministerial career, devoted to the work of the 
Master, and earnestly concerned for the edification and salvation of man- 
kind. See Manual, 1902. 



550 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Publications : "The Death of the Righteous Desirable" : a sermon 
at funeral of Mrs. Clarissa Page, 1847. "A History of the Bible Society 
of Montgomery County, N.Y.," 1867. 

Van Dyck, Leonard B.. b. 1802; U.C. 1824, (N.B.S. 1827), 1. by Presbyt. 
of Columbia, 1827; (Osbornville. (Windham), Greene Co., N.Y., 1828- 
70?) Died 1877. 

He was refused a license in the Reformed Church because he was uncertain 
as to the doctrine "the extent of the atonement," the "eternal generation of 
the Son," and "the procession of the Holy Ghost." He entered the 
Presbyterian Church and exercised a useful ministry. See Manual, 1902. 

See "Remarks on Liberty of Conscience, Human Creeds, and Theolog. 
Schools," suggested by the facts in a recent case, by a layman of the 
R.D.C., 8vo, pp. 102. 1828. (This was published anonymously, but was 
by Ab. Van Dyck, father of Leonard B. Van Dvck.) "Mag. R.D.C.," iii. 
90. "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1828. 87-89; 1829, 86, 91', 175. 

Publications: "The Unlawfulness of the Subscriptions Required of 
the Ministers of the R.D.C." By a friend of the Bible. 1829. See "The 
Examiner Examined," a Review of Van Dyck's Pamphlet. 1830? 
Van Dyk, Adrian, b. Zeeland, Neth., Sem. Zeeland, 191 1 ; 1. by CI. Cascades, 

1916. Monarch, ist. Alberta, Can., 1916-19; Charles Mix, S.D., 1919. 
Missionary among the Dutch. 

Publications : Articles in the press. 
Van Dyk, Frederick John, b. Grand Rapids, Dec. 20, 1889. H.C. 1912, 

W.T.S. 1915, 1. by CI. of Mich. (Pres.. Immanuel, Grand Rapids, 1915- 

17, Pres., Colored Mission, Louisville, Ky., 1917-20). Hamilton, Mich., 

American Reformed, 1920 

Van Dyk, John A., b. Holland, Mich., July i, 1884; H.C. 1907. N.B.S. 

191 1, 1. by CI. N.B. Lodi, N.J., ist, Holland, 1911-18, Grand Rapids, 

Mich, 9th, 1918 — — . 
Van Dyke, Douwe, b. Groningen. Neth., Feb. 25, 1881 ; N.B.S. 1908-10. 

Missionary, Africa Inland Mission, 1910. 
Van Dyke, Henry. H.C. 1917, W.T.S. 1920, 1. by CI. Chicago. Beverly, 

Mich., 1920 . 

Van Eerden, Paul, b. Neth., Jan. 7, 1878. N.B.S. 1919, 1. by CI. N.B. 

1919. ,Melvin, la., 1919 . 

Van Egmond, Harry, b. April 14, 1893: Rynsburg, Neth. Educated in 

Netherland, Moody Bible Institute '16, W.T.S. 1919, 1. by CI. 111. 

Byron Centre, Mich., 1919-1920. Corsica, S.D.. Grace, 1920 . 

Van Emmerick, Gerret. Sayville, L.I., 1873-88, Pella, Bethany, la. 88-9, 

Sully, Bethany, la. 90-1894, w. c. 
Van Ess, Balster, b. at Kauteus, Groningen, Neths.. May 15, 1844; 

Theolog. Sch. of Kampen : c. to America, 68 ; W.T.S. 70, 1. CI ; 

North Holland. Mich., 70-84, Chicago. Roseland. 84-1900, d. Jan. 14. 
His pastorates were distinguished for their prosperity. He was inces- 
sant in labor, as a pastor, and extremely popular as a preacher in the 
populous Dutch centres. He was an able and faithful expounder of the 
truth in its widest applications. See "Mints. Gen. Svn.," 1900, 910. 
Van Ess, Jacob, b. North Holland, Mich., June 8, 1877. H.C. 1898. P.S. 

T901, 1. by CI. Wis. S.S., Irving Park. Emmanuel Mission 1901-02, 

Knox and Berne, N.Y., 2d, 1902-04, Bacon Hill, (North Cumberland 

and Fort Miller, 1904-09). Schoharie, 1909-11, Delmar (Bethlehem 

2d) 1911-21. S.S., Union, 1913. Missionary P.S. A. U.S. War Dept. 

Albany Co. Draft Bd. 1917-19. 
Van Ess, John, b. New Holland, Mich.. Aug. 10, 1879; H.C. 1899. P.S. 

1902, 1. by CI. Wis. 1902. Missionary 4o Arabia, 1903 . D.D., 

Cen. Col., 1918. 
Publications : Articles for the press. Spoken Arabic of Mesopotamia 

1917. Practical Written Arabic 1921. 



THE MINISTRY 551 

Van Fket, Jacob Outcault. b. at New Brunswick, NJ., 1847; R.C. TZ, 
N.B.S. 76, lie. CI. N.B.; Kiskatom, 76-9, Stone House Plains, 80-3, 
Alontville, 84-90, Little Falls, 90-8, New Baltimore, 1898-1911, Lishas 
Kill, 1911-17. 
Van Gaasbeek, Laurcntius, matriculated at University of LeVden, Feb. 5, 
1659; sailed from Amsterdam, May 13, 1678, arriving in New York, 
Aug. 21 ; arrived at Kingston, Sept. 8, and delivered his first sermon 
there, Sept. 15. Kingston, 1678-80, Feb., d. Ecc. Rec. N.Y. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Van Gieson, Acmon P., b. West Bloomfield. N.J., Jan. 13, 1830; U.N.Y. 
1849, N.B.S. 52. 1. CI. Bergen; Catskill, 52-5, Brooklyn, 55-9, Claverack, 
59-65, Grcenpoint, 66-7. Poughkeepsie, 1867-1906. d. April 19. D.D. 
R.C. 1872. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1873. 
Dr. Van Gieson was one of the strong men of his generation and his 
work and name will long remain. He was always deeply interested in 
missions and for many years was a member of the Bd. of F.M. See Min. 
Gen. Syn., 1906, 606. 

Publications : Sermon in Memory of Dr. C. C. Van Cleef. 1875 — 
"The Type of Doctrine of R.C. A.," as represented by the Symbols of 
Heidelberg and Dordrecht. In "Centennial Discs." 1876. "Hist, of Refd. 
Church of Poughkeepsie," 1893. 
Van Gieson, David E. S.S. New Hyde Park, 1896-19CO. S.S. East 

Williamsburg 1900. Dropped 1901. 
Van Haagen, Henry C. New Salem and Clarksville, 1897-99, Clifton, 
N.J., 99-1900, Rosendale and Rosendale Plains, 1900-1902, Stuyvesant 
Falls, N.Y., 1902-04. Cong:regationalist. 
Van Harlingen, Johannes Martinus, b. near Millstone, N.J., 1724; C.N.J. 
went to Holland to study Theology; lie. by CI. Amsterdam, Ap. 6, 
1761 ; ord. by same, May 4, 1761 ; Neshanic and Sourland, (afterward 
called Harlingen), 1762^95, died. 
After commencing his theological course he went to Holland, for the 
double purpose of obtaining a more thorough preparation for the ministry, 
and being ordained by the Classis of Amsterdam. After completing his 
theological course at one of the universities of Holland, and receiving 
ordination, he returned to America. He served his double charge with 
zeal and fidelity for thirty-three years, when he fell asleep, universally 
beloved and lamented. He preached exclusively in Dutch until toward 
the close of his life, when, the younger part of his charge requiring Eng- 
lish sermons, he preached occasionally in that language. He was an 
evangelical preacher, a faithful pastor, and a patron of learning. He was 
a member of the original Board of Trustees of Queen's College, and la- 
bored for its first endowment. Dom. Van Harlingen was twice married. 
His first wife was Sarah Stryker, by whom he had two children; his 
second, Elizabeth \'an Dcursen, who was the mother of three, one of 
whom died in infancy, and the others survived him. The fact that a very 
prominent church, village, and district of country are called by his name, 
might be taken for evidence of the estimation in which he was held. 
See .sketch in "Centennial of N.B. Sem.," 429. Alanual, 1902. 
IVlr. Uriah Lott, of Glen Ridge. N.J.. a descendant of the Van Har- 
lingcns. has prepared a genealogy of the family. 

Van Harlingen. John M. (nephew of J. M. Van Harlingen, above), b. 
at Sourland. 1761 ; Q.C. 1783. studied under Livingston. 1. by Chris- 
tian Synod of D.R. Chs. 1786; Millstone and Six Mile Run, 1787-95, 
w. c. 1795-1812. Prof. Heb. and Ecc. Hist. 1812-3, d. Elected a trus- 
tee of Q.C. 1785. 
From early childhood, it is said, he was exceedingly fond of books, and 
spent much of his life in their exclusive society. After the relinquishment 



55^ THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

of his first united charges, he never after settled, ahhough he labored 
abundantly in assisting his brethen, and supplying vacant pulpits by clas- 
sical appointment. He was very quiet and reserved in his disposition, 
and was seldom known to laugh or even to smile. His conversation was 
instructive, and his preaching solid and evangelical, but not popular. After 
his retirement from the pastorate, he translated Van Der Kemp's Sermons 
on the "Heidelberg Catechism," which were published in 1810, in two 
volumes. For several years previous to the establishment of the theologi- 
cal professorate at New Brunswick, he had been accustomed to receive 
young men at his residence, and instruct them in Hebrew and Ecclesiasti- 
cal History with a view to their licensure. In 1812, the General Synod 
appointed him professor of these branches in the Theological Seminary. 
He accepted the chair of Hebrew, and agreed to instruct temporarily in 
Church History, but his career of usefulness was cut short by death in 
November, 1813. His loss was deeply felt by the Church and her insti- 
tutions of learning. — Rev. Dr. P. D. Van Cleef. 

Publications: "Translation of Van Der Kemp's Sers. on Heidelberg 
Catechism." 2 vols. 1810. 

Van Hee, Isaac J., b. Pultneyville, N.Y., Jan. 20, 1868; R.C. 93, N.B.S. 

96, 1. CI. N.B.; assistant. Port Jervis, June i-Nov. 30, 96, Alexandria 

Bay, 97-1901, Fultonville, 1901-1905; North Paterson, N.J. 1905-06; 

S.S. Little Falls, N.J. 1906-07; Pekin, 111. 1908-14. Presbyterian 1914. 

Van Hetloo, E., b. Gelderland, Neth., Nov. 24, 1833. Served several 

pastorates in NetherJands ; Paterson, N.J. (6th Hoi.) 1887-1905 d. 

Dec. 7. 

Although he could not use the English language, he was a very influential 

man among the Dutch speaking portion of the community. Min. Gen. Syn., 

1906, 607. 

Van Heuvelen, Bernard, b. North Holland, Mich., Oct. 3, 1868; H.C. 1899, 
W.T.S. 1902, 1. by CI. Holland 1902; Atwood. Mich., 1902-09, 
Rotterdam, Kan., 1909-11, Archer, la, 1911-14, North Yakima, Wash., 
1914-21. Missionary, Classis of Dakota, 1921, S.C, CI. Cascades, 
1915-21. 
Van Hook, Isaac A. C.C. 1797. N.B.S. 1819, 1. CI. N.B. ; Miss, to Spots- 
wood, 19-21, Miss, to Stillwater, Sussex Co., N.J.. 22, to Beaverdam 
and Middletown. 22, to Kleyn Esopus, 22, to Tyashoke, 22, Fort Miller, 
and Argyle, 23-4, Miss, to Wilton, 25, Cor. Sec. Bd. Miss. 27, died 
1834? 
Van Home. Ab., b. at Whitehouse, N.J., Dec. 31, 1763; Q.C. 1787, studied 
under Livingston, lie. by the Synod of D.R. Chs., 1788; Wawarsing, 
Marbletown, and Rochester, 1789-95, Caughnawga, 1795-1833, died 
June 3, 1840. 
His father was a commissary in the American Army. When he re- 
signed in 1783, Abram was appointed in his place. He was a great favorite 
of young people. He is said to have married 1,500 couples. — "Doc. Hist.," 
iii. 673. 

Van Home. David, b. Glen, N.Y., Dec. 11, 1837; U.C. 64, N.B.S. 67, 1. 
CI. Montgomery; Union Village, 67-8, (Ger. Refd.. Dayton, O. 68-75, 
Philadelphia, ist, 75-88, Prof, of Svs. Theologv "in, and Pres. of 
Heidelberg Th. Sem., Tiffin, O., 1888-1907. Prof, of "Syn. Theology, Cen- 
tral Theo. Sem., Davton. Ohio. 1907). D.D., Heidelberg, 1877; LL.D., 
Ursinus. 1898; Pres. Gen. Syn. Ref. Ch., U.S., 1878-81; Pres. Bd. F.M. 
Ref. Ch., U.S., 1878-88. 
Publications: "Hist. Refd. Ch. in Philadelphia." 1876. — "Companion 
of Praise."— "S.S. Hymn Book," 1873-1878.— "Shorter Heid. Catechism," 
1881. — "Mountain Boy of Willhaus ; or. Life of Zwingle," 1884. 1900. — 
"Tent and Saddle Life in the Holy Land." 1886. — "Religion and Revela- 
tion," 1892. — "The Church and the Future Life," 1904. 
Van Houte, Jacob, b. Neth., Dec. 7, 1845; Trained privately; Served 



THE MINISTRY 553 

churches in Netherlands, Cleveland, O., ist, 1884-6, South Holland, 111., 
86-91, Holland, ist, Mich., 91-1900, Grand Rapids, 4th, 1900-1903, 
Boyden, la., 1903-16, d. Oct. 19, 1919, Ass. Editor of De Hope, 1891- 
1900. Min. Gen. Syn., 1920, 275. 
PuBLic.xTioNS : Many articles for the press. 
Van Houten, Abraham, 1. by Seceders, 1852; Clarkstown, 52-7, Clarks- 
town and Paramus, 57-61, Clarkstown and Hempstead, 61, Schraalen- 
burgh, 61-6, New York, King St., 66-78, Leonia, N.J. 78-84, Paramus, 
84-8, Englewood, 88-92, Aquackononck, 82-95, d. 
Van Houten, Abraham John, b. Middleburg. Neth., Nov. 6, 1881 ; H.C. 

1909, N.B.S. 1912, 1. by CI. Michigan, Lodi, N.J., 2d, 1912 

Van Hovenbergh, Eggo Tonkens, ord. by CI. Amsterdam, for Surinam, 
April 1, 1743. (Surinam, South America, 1743-49), Livingston Manor 
and Claverack, 1749-56, Rhinebeck Flats, 1756-64, suspended, but con- 
tinued to preach till 1767. 
In 1749, on his way to Holland from Surinam., he stopped at New York, 
and the Consistory of that place wished to call him, as Du Bois was get- 
ting old ; but as he would not promise to join the Coetus, he was not called. 
His language concerning the ministers in New York also turned the tide 
against him. Proceeding north, however, he obtained settlements. 
Van Huysen (or \'an Hoesen), Hermanns, b. in Rockland Co., N.Y., Oct. 
23, 1751; studied under Livingston, 1. CI. Hackensack, 1793; Helder- 
bergh, Salem, and Jerusalem, 1794-1825, d. 1833, Nov. 26. 
He was the first to receive a dispensation under the new Constitution 
of 1792. See Manual of 1879. and Rev. H. M. Voorhees' "Hist. Sermon 
at Helderbergh," 1889, in MSS. 
Van Kampen (Van Campen), Isaac, b. Holland, Mich., Oct. 21, 1862; 

H.C. 90, N.B.S. 93, lie. CI. Rensselaer; Saddle River, 1893 . also 

S.S., Waldwick, N.J., 1915, Bd. of Education, Saddle River, Ph.D., 
Univ. 111., 1900. 
PuBLic-'\Tiox.s : Articles for press. 
Van Kersen, Wm. John, b. Kalamazoo, Mich., Nov. 25, 1873; H.C. 94, 
P.S. 97, lie. CI. Wisconsin; Raritan, 111. 1897-1902, Pella, 2d. 1902-10, 

District Sec. Bd. P.M. 1910 . 

Van Keuren, Benj., b. 1800; N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B.; Miss, to Charleston, 
2d. Mapletown, and Westerlo, 24, Esopus, 25-6, Esopus, Hurley, and 
Bloomingdale, 26-34, Esopus and Bloomingdale, 34-6, Warwick, 36-7, 
(Presbvt. 37-56). R.D.C. 1856, d. 1865. 
Van Kleek. Richard D. U.C. 1822, N.B.S. 25, 1. CI. N.B. ; Raritan, 26-31. 
Teaching at Basking Ridge Academy, 31-4. Canajoharie. 34-5. Berne, 
1st, and Beaverdam. 35-43, Teaching at Eramus Hall, Flatbush, L.I., 
43-60, at Grammar School, Jersey City, 60-70, d. D.D. 1870. 
Van Liej-op, J.B.H.. b. Amsterdam. Hoi.. Dec. 2-], 1880; Moody Bible 

Institute 18, W.T.S. 1921, 1. by CI. of 111., Yakima, Wash., 1921 

Van Lievv, John, b. near Neshanic, N.J., Sept. 30, 1798; Q.C. 1816. N.B.S. 
20, lie. CI. N.B.; (Meadville, Pa., 20-3, Mcndham, N.J.. 24-5, both 
Presbyt.), Readington, 26-69, d. Oct. 18. D.D. by R.C. 1867. 
He entered college at the early age of fourteen, and was under the care 
chiefly of Drs. Livingston and Schureman. L^pon completing this course, 
he passed through a peculiarly trying circumstance. Imbued from his 
earliest years with a high regard for Christanity, and esteeming the min- 
istry as a profession first in importance and honor and blessing, he in- 
stinctively turned to it. But he was not yet consciously a subject of 
divine grace. 

In this- frame of mind, acting ijrincijially under the advice of Prof. 
Schureman, he attended the course of lectures on theologv by Dr. Living- 
ston, not definitely with the purpose of entering the ministrj', but that he 
might engage in that particular line of study which was most congenial to 
his tastes, and which alone seemed attractive to him. Sitting at the head 



554 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

of that profound instructor, and devoting himself to the study of theology 
as a science, his mind became more and more absorbed in the subject as 
a matter of personal interest, until it became almost the only subject on 
which his thoughts could rest. Thus led by the Spirit, he unconditionally 
surrendered himself to the Lord Jesus Christ in 1817. His own words in 
reference to his experiences at that time were : "I cannot utter, words 
cannot express the joy of my soul, as I felt the blessed assurance that I 
was indeed a child of God, and that Jesus was at once my Brother, 
Saviour, Friend. Everything seemed to speak to me of God ; the woods, 
the fields, the fruits and flowers — all spoke of his mercy and love." 

Thereafter his course was plain. It was not a mere duty, but his heart 
bounded with joy that he was permitted to prepare for the ministry. And 
although he had attended theological lectures for a year, he began over 
ao-ain with the new class of the following year, and with that completed 
the course. Nearly or quite 600 united with the church under his ministry 
of forty-nine years. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Testimonial to Rev. Peter O. Studiford." 1866. — 
"Discourse at Dedication of R.D.C. at Readington." 1865. With a his- 
torical appendix. 

Van Liew. John Cannon, b. at Middlebush. 18—; N.B.S. 1832. 1. CI. N.B. 
32; Catskill, Leeds, and Kiskatom, 32-3, Leeds, and Kiskatom, 33-4, 
Spotswood. 34-42, Rutgers Col. Gr. School, 41-45. (Piffard, 45-9, 
Groveland, Presbyt. 49-50,) Ephratah and Stone Arabia, 50-6, Berne 
and Beaverdam. 56-60, d. 1861. See Manual of 1879. 
PuBLic.'\Tiox : A Farewell Ser. at Spotswood, N.J. 1842. 
Van Liewen, Wm. Holland, Wis., 1857-9. 

Van Lummel, A.J., b. Utrecht, Neth., Nov. 10, 1861 ; Gymnasium, Utrecht, 
W.T.S. 1906, 1. by CI. Michigan, Paterson, N.J. ' Hoi. 6th 1906-17, 

Boyden, la. 1917-19, Grand Rapids, Mich., 7th, 1919 . 

Van Nest, Abraham Rynier, b. Feb. 16, 1823, in New York City; R.C. 
41, N.B.S. 47, lie. CI. N.Y. ; Miss, at Greenpoint, 47-8, (Newburgh, 
Assoc. Refd. 1848), New York City, 21st St., 48-62; (American Chapel 
on Rue de Berri, Paris, France, 63-4, American Chapel at Rome. Italy, 
64-5, Am. Union Church, Florence, Italv. 66-75) ; Philadelphia, 3d, 
78-83; w. c. Died June i, 1892. D.D. by U.Pa. and R.C. i860. Presi- 
dent of Gen. Synod, 1870. — In 1871, he was made President of the 
Evangelization Committee of the Free Church, Italy, and, in 1875, 
organized the Church of Geneva, Switzerland, in which Rev. G. D. 
Consaul subsequently preached. 
The great work of his life was done in Florence, where he was prominent, 
not only on the Evangelical Committee of the Free Italian Church (now 
called the Evangelical Church of Italy), and as the principal founder and 
supporter of the Ferretti Orphan Asylum, but also as the founder and 
pastor of the American Union Church. In this he used a part of the 
Liturgy of the Protestant Episcopial Church, and part of the forms of other 
denominations. He thus set an example of union in worship which attracted 
the attention of travelers not only from America, but also from Great 
Britain and the Continent. It was his genial catholicity of spirit that 
enabled him to hold together in one congregation for so many years. Chris- 
tians of such various antecedents. Many are the families in America, which 
long cherished the memory of his kindness to relatives ill in Florence, whose 
needs, both temporal and spiritual, he was ever watchful to supply. Nor 
did his kindness fail when Americans died in that city. His familiarity 
with the language, and his good standing with the officals, enabled him 
frequently, and with comparative ease, to arrange for the shipping of the 
bodies of loved ones to their friends in America. Only those who were in 
Florence while he was there, can adequately understand how much time he 
gave to such works of Christian charity. See Manual, 1902. 



THE MINISTRY 555 

Publication's: Sermon: "Signs of the Times." 1854. — "Ministerial 
Responsibility." 1859. — Occasional articles for "Christian Intelligencer." 
— Foreign letters for "Intelligencer" and "N.V. Observer." 1863-1875. — 
Reports of Union Church, Florence, 1868, 1870, 1872. — Sermon on the 
Holy Catholic Church.— "Life of Rev. Geo. W. Bethune, D.D." 1867.— 
Reports of Florence Orphan Asylum, 1876, with .sketch of Ferretti. — Edited 
"Cannon's Pastoral Theology," 1853, and "Bethune's Lectures on Heidel- 
berg Catechism," 1864. — Closing address at Centennial of New Brunswick 
Sem., 1884, page 279. 

Van Nest, Rynier, b. near North Branch, N.J., Feb. 8, 1739; studied 
(probably) under Hardenbergh; lie. by Gen. Meeting of Ministers 
and Elders, 1773: Shawangunk and New Paltz, 2d, (or Walkill), 
1774-78; Shawangunk and Montgomery, 1778-85; (supplied Middle- 
burgh, 1774-80, and Schoharie, 1780-5) ; Jamaica, Newtown, Oyster 
Bay and Success, 1785-97. Schoharie, 1797-1803, died July 9, 1813. 
Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1786. 
He was a genial, faithful man whose success was hampered by the war- 
like times in which he lived. See Manual, 1902. 

Van Neste, Geo. J., b. Sept. 7, 1822, at Weston, N.J.; R.C. 42, N.B.S. 46, 
1. CI. N.B.; Bound Brook, 47-53, Lodi, 53-65, West New Hempstead, 
65-69, Little Falls, N.J., 69-75, St. Johnsville, N.Y., 75-79, Kiskatom, 
79-86, Flatbush, (Ulster Co.), N.Y. 86-88. Pottersville, N.J. 88-92. 
Died Jan. 18, 1898. See Manual, 1902. 
Van Neste, John Alfred, b. Weston, Somerset Co., N.J., Dec. 25, 1849; 
R.C. 72, N.B.S. 75, lie. CI. Passaic; Ridgewood, 1875-1917, P.Em. 1917, 
Pres. P.S.N. B. 1911, Pres. Bd. Supt. N.B.S. 1918, Agent Bd. F.M. 
and Bd. of Bible School Work. D.D. R.C. 1918. 
PuBLicATioxs : Articles in press. 
Van Nieuwendyk, D. K. Wielenga. called by the Seceders in Holland, 

Mich., from the Netherlands, 1882. See "Ch. Int.," Aug. 9, 1882. 
Van Nieuwenhuysen, Wilhelmus ; ordained by CI. Amsterdam, March 16, 
1671 ; c. to America, 1671 ; New York, 1671-81 ; d. Feb. 17. 
'For a while after the English conquest the Dutch Church seemed para- 
lyzed. But few letters passed back and forth to Holland. Selyns had 
Teturned to Europe, and a few years later. Blom and Samuel Megapolen- 
sis. John Megapolensis died in 1670. Only Schaats, Polhemus and Dri- 
sius remained. A considerable exodus of the people also took place. The 
Dutch were independent of all English ecclesiastical law's. Governors 
Nicholls and Lovelace acknowledged the Dutch Church as the established 
-church, and taxed the inhabitants for the support of the Dutch clergy. But 
in seven years three of the clergy had returned to Holland, one had died, 
and none had come to America to take their places. In 1670, therefore. 
Governor Lovelace formally promised civil support to any Dutch clergy- 
man who would come over to assist Drisus, who was becoming feeble. 
This proposition induced V^an Nieuwenhuysen to come to America. This 
was also partly brougiit about through the influence of Selyns in Holland, 
who was a relative. 

His ministry was peaceful for three or four years, until the reconquest 
of New York by the Dutch in 1674. This event, or perhaps the different 
disposition of Governor Andros, with other circumstances, now produced 
a change, and that struggle begun between the English governors and the 
anti-Episcopal churches, which continued with more or less severity until 
the independence of the country, a century later. Van Nieuwenhuysen 
successfully resisted the attempt to foist an Episcopalian on the Dutch 
church of Albany. 1675. until the latter promised to come under the Classis 
of Amsterdam. (\"an Rensselaer). Four years later, at the direction or 
permission of Governor Andros. Van Nieuwenhuysen convened the four 
Dutch ministers then in the country, (viz., Schaats. Van Gaasbeek, Van 
Zuuren and himself), with their elders, and they organized a Classis, and 



556 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

ordained Tesschcnmaekcr to the ministry. (Tesschenmaeker.) This was 
the first formal ecclesiastical body among the Dutch in America, and the 
last for about seventy years. (Coetus.) Their act of ordination was rati- 
fied by the Classis of Amsterdam. There was a constant and- steady growth, 
in the membership during his ministry in New York. He also supplied 
the churches on Long Island during their vacancy. His correspondence 
with the Classis impresses one that he was a faithful and judicious minis- 
ter and pastor. He was a Cocceian in exegesis. — "Ecc. Rec, N.Y.," several 
letters. "Doc. Hist.," iii. 526, 583. "Munsell's Annals of Albany." "Col. 
Hist.," iii. 136; ix. 468. "Brodhead's N.Y.," ii. "Murphy's Anthology," 
170. See Manual, 1902. 
Van Nist, Jacobus, b. 1735; lie. by the American Classis, 1758; Pough- 

keepsie and Fishkill, 1758-61, d. 
Van Olinda, Douw. b. at Charleston, N.Y., i8co; N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B.; 
Miss, to Johnstown, Mayfield, and Union, 25, Palatine, 25-7, Maple- 
town, Spraker's Basin, and Canajoharie, 27-31, New Paltz, 32-44, 
Caughnawaga, 44-58, d. 
He was of large stature and commanding appearance, an edifying and 
instructive preacher, addressing rather the understanding than the feelings. 
His distinguishing trait was great executive ability. — "Stiff's Hist. Ch. 
New Paltz." See "Christian Intelligencer." Oct. 7, 1858. 
Van Oostenbrugge, Cornelis, b. Gelderland, Neths., Aug. 2, 1853 ; H.C. 
76, N.B.S. 80, 1. CI. Holland; ord. by Presbyt. Winnebago, (Wis.) 
Sept. 80; (S.S. Wevauwega, Wis. 80-1, Stevens Point, Wis. 81-4), 
Raritan, 111. 84-7. (Q St. Troy, Mo. 87-9, Lyons, Neb. 89-92), 
Naponoch and Kerhonksen, N.Y. 92-1900, Schodack, 1900-06, Lishas 
Kill, 1906-10. Schenectady, N.Y. Woodlawn 1910-12, Esopus, N.Y. 
1914-19. 
Publications: Translations of the Records of the Church of Na- 
panoch. 

Van Orden, John S., b. Spring Valley, N.Y., Dec. 6, 1867; R.C. 1890, 
N.B.S. 93, lie. CI. Paramus ; Blawenberg, 1893-1904. In business. 

S.S. Clarkstown 1916 . 

Van Pelt, Daniel, b. Oct. 10, 1853, at Schiedam, Neths.; C.C.N.Y. 74^ 
N.B.S. -77, 1. CI. N.Y.; Spring Vallev, N.Y., 77-78, Holland, Mich. 
(Hope Ch.) 79-82, East New York. 82-87, Astoria, 94-98. Died Oct. 
2Z. 1900. D.D by R.C. 1896. 
He was an excellent preacher but felt the call for historical work to 
which he devoted a large part of his life. As a student and writer, he held 
a very important place in the domain of historical research. He was 
fitted for the work. He had the judicial poise and calm of a historian. He 
came to be recognized everywhere as an authority in matters pertaining 
to Holland and those parts of his own country where he resided. 
See Manual. 

Publications: Picture of Early Church Life in N.Y.C. 1894; History 
of Greater N.Y., 2 vol., 1898; Chapters in Wilson's Memorial History of 
N.Y., 1892; Translation of Dutch Documents for the Church and State. 
Many pamphlets and articles on historical subjects. See Manual, 1902. 
Van Pelt, Peter I., b. at Bushwick, L.I.. May 27, 1778; C.C. 1799. studied 
under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1801 ; Staten Island, 1802-35. Fordham, 
36-47, d. Jan. 20, 1861. Also chaplain in the war, 1812-14. D.D by 
R.C, 1834- 
He was a man of ardent patriotism, distinguished by his zeal in pro- 
moting the approved interests of society. He was a gentleman of digni- 
fied demeanor and imposing presence. He was invited, in 1851, by the 
citizens of Tompkinsville. S. I., to deliver an address, which was pub- 
lished and widely circulated, on account of the views it contained respect- 
ing slavery. He believed in its divine right. See "Mag. R.D.C," iv. 37. 
"Dr. Jas. Brownlee's Hist. Sermons on Staten Island," 1865-75. 



THE MINISTRY 557 

Manual, 1902. 

Publications: An Oration is consequence of the death of General 
George Washington, late President of the United States, delivered hy 
request in tlie Reformed Dutch Church of Flatbush, on Saturday, the 226. 
of February, ib'oo, i)y Peter Van Pelt, A.B., student of divinity. Here 
follows a quotation from Horace, and then : "Brooklyn : Printed by 
Thomas Kirk — 1800." The oration is a memorial addressed to "Ameri- 
cans, Friends and Fellow-Citizens," and delivered in compliance with a 
late resolve of Congress, and the Proclamation of the President of the 
United States, and more immediately under the auspicies of a committee 
of arrangements for Kings County, at wliose instance a copy was sought 
for publication. The oration covers twenty-four printed pages, with the 
piquant, pointed sentiments peculiar to its author in after years, and closes : 
"Teach your children, and your children's children the unrivalled charac- 
ter of Washington, great in war. great in peace. And they, like us, will 
drop the tear of affection on the Urn of our departed Hero." 

Disc, at the Fun. of Rev. Peter Lowe. 1818. — Oration on Life, Character, 
and Services of the late Hon. Dan. D. Tompkins. 1843. — Discourse at 
the Request of the Survivors of the Veteran Corps of the War of 1812, 
July 4. 1 85 1. 

Van Pernis, Gerard M.. b. Rotterdam, Neth., Sept. 23, 1889; Academy, 
Private Theo. Course, 1. by Pres. of Spokane 191 5, (Missionary to 
Indians of New Mexico, Nevada, Idaho and Washington. Waterville 

Pres. Church). Fremont, Mich., 1921 

PuBLic.vTioxs : Articles for press. — Emancipation of the Red Man, 
Smithonian Inst. 

Van Peursen, Garrett Dick. b. Maurice, la., March 7, 1880; Grinnell Col., 
one year. H.C. 1907, P.S. 1910, 1. by Ci. la., 1910. Missionary to 

Arabia, 1910 

Publications: Articles for the Moslem World and Church papers. 
Van Peursen, John, b. Aug. 30, 1876; H.C. 1902. P.S. and W.T.S. 1905, 1. 
by CI. la. Coopersville, 1905-08, Chicago, Trinity 1908-12, Holland, 

Mich., Trinity, 1912-18. Kalamazoo. Mich., 2d, 1918 

PuBLic.\TioNs : Articles for De Hope, Leader. 
<Van Powpl, L.). 

Van Raalte, Albertus Christianus (son of Rev. Van Raalte), b. at 

Wanneperveen. Overyssel, Neths., Oct. 17, 181 1; matriculated at 
Leyden University, June 16. 1829. signing himself as from "Wanne- 
pervena-Drenthinus, 18, T." (18 years old, student of Theology); 
graduated. 1831 ; Leyden Theology. Sem. 1834. examined in the Provin- 
cial Synod of The Hague, Alay, 1835, ordained for general service in 
Amsterdam, in the General Synod of The Separated, or Free Re- 
formed Church of the Netherlands, March 4, 1836; Aliss. first in 
Geneminden, then in Ommer, (Overyssel), 36-44, Arnheim, (Guelder- 
land). 44-6. Arrived in America. Nov., 1846; Holland. Mich.. 51-67; 
Miss, of the Classes of Holland and Wisconsin for the Emigration 
Field, Amelia C.H., Va.. 69-70; Pres. of Council of Hope College, 
70-4; d. Nov. 7. 1876. D.D. by R.C. 1858. 
During his theological course the difficulties between the Separatists and 
the State were culminating. Alienated by the existing corruption in doc- 
trine and practice, many of the humbler class withdrew from the regular 
Church and began their own ecclesiastical arrangements. Whereupon there 
was revived an oi)so!ete law of the Code Napoleon, ic, which forbade the 
assemi)Iing together of more than a certain limited number of persons, 
except by permission of the government ; and thus it was sought to crush 
out the secession. But, undeterred by the fear of legal penalties, they con- 
tinued to meet for social worship, often in secret, and were pursued from 
place to place by the officers of the law. 



558 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Under these circumstances, young Van Raalte identified himself with 
the persecuted people of God, and was ordained by their few ministers in. 
1836. Although the seceders were destitute of influence, through educa- 
tion, social position, wealth or numbers, yet he cast in his lot with them. 
Possessed of high intellectvial gifts and rare eloquence, he turned from 
the career which might have opened before him in the reigning Church, 
and was often subject to civil process, even to fines and imprisonment. 

At length, when relief was sought by the people from the oppression 
which attended their assertion of the rights of conscience, their 'minds 
were naturally turned to these shores as an asylum, and in America many 
of them eventually fovmd their haven of hope. While scattered families 
located in different cities. East and West, and while an important colony 
settled in Iowa, and to their new city of refuge gave the appropriate name 
of Pella, Dr. Van Raalte selected Ottawa Co., Alichigan, because a suit- 
able tract of land could there be found. But what little money the Hol- 
landers had. Providence took away from them. They were obliged to 
encounter pioneer trials and distresses in no ordinar\' degree. But Dr. 
Van Raalte set an example of unflinching fortitude. Besides pastoral la- 
bors, he went from place to place at the East and solicited funds for the 
Holland Academy. 

See' an account of his presecutions and sufferings in "Hist, of Christian 
Reformed Church of the Netherlands." Translations into English of his 
successful examinations, but of the Refusal of the State Church to ordain 
him, may be seen in "Ch. Int.," Sept. 30, 1880. "Hist. Compendium of 
Ottawa Co., Mich.," p. 98. — "Moerdyk's Hist. Grand Rapids," p. i4.^"Lev- 
ensschet's van Rev. A. C. Van Raalte. D.D. door Rev. H. E. Dosker," pp, 
335 ; or "Sketch of the Life of Van Raalte," etc. 

Van Raalte, Albertus Christian, b. Holland, March 29, 1889; Olivet Col. 
191 1, N.B.S. 1914 1. by CI. N.B. Linden, N.J. 1914-17, Whitehouse, 

(Rockaway), 1917-19, Bayonne, N.J. ist, 1919 . 

Van Rensselaer, Nicholas, b. in Neths. 1647; lie. by ; reed, in CI. 

Amst. Oct. 2, 1662; ord. as a deacon of Ch. of England, 1665; Dutch 
ch. at Westminister, 1665-..; matriculated at Leyden University; 
("Nov. 19, 1670, Nicolaus van Rentzelaer, Amstelodamensis, V.D.M. 
22,") ; accepted by CI. Amst, as an "Expectant for Foreign chs." Ap. 
4, 1672; c. to America, 1674, Albany, 1675-7, deposed. Died 1678, Nov. 

By what Classis he was originally licensed to preach does not appear. 
The first reference to him in the "Minutes of the Classis of Amsterdam," 
is dated Oct. 2, 1662. 

He was a younger son of the first patroon of Rensselaerwyck. He is 
found in the train of Charles II.. at Brussels, and luckily prophesied to 
him that he would be restored to the throne. When the event occurred, 
he accompanied the Dutch ambassador. Van Gogh, to London, as Chap- 
lain to the embassy ; and the King recollecting his prediction, gave Van 
Rens.selaer a gold snuff-box, with his likeness in the lid, which is still 
preserved by the family at Albany. After Van Gogh left London, because 
of the Dutch war in 1665, Van Rensselaer received Charles' license to 
preach to the Dutch congregation, at Westminister, was ordained a deacon 
in the English Church by the Bishop of Salisbury, and was appointed 
lecturer at St. Margaret's, Lothbury. 

But in 1670 we find him matriculating as a V.D.M. (Verbi Dei Alinister), 
minister of God's Word, at Leyden University. He gives his residence 
as Amsterdam, and his age as twenty-three. Two years later, April 4, 1672 
he was received by the Classis of Amsterdam as an "expectant" for foreign 
churches. 

In 1673 the Dutch regained possession of New Netherland, and held it 
for a single year. It was then surrendered a second time, Andros becom- 
ing Governor. With him came over this Rev. Nicholas Van Rensselaer. 
He had sought and obtained a grant of the colony of Rennselaerwyck, but. 



THE MINISTRY 559 

before the courts, he failed to retain it. He was now recommended by 
the Duke of York, (July, 1674), for a living in one of the Dutch churches 
in the colony. Andros arbitrarily resolved to induct him in the church of 
Albany as a colleague of old Domine Schaats. But the Consistory at 
Albany resisted, and the New York church sent their pastor thither, and 
for a time he seems to have acted almost as a colleague of Schaats. Dr. 
Rogers, in his sermon on the church of Albany, refers to Van Nieuwen- 
huysen. as Nieuwenhyt, and as one of the regular pastors at Albany, not 
thoroughly understanding the history. When Van Rensselaer subsequently 
visited New York, he was warned not to baptize any children who might 
be brought to the church in the afternoon for that purpose. Van Rensselaer 
complained of this to the Governor. 

This led to a discussion between the Governor and Van Nieuwenhuysen 
in regard to the validity of Anglican orders for the service in the Dutch 
Church. The question was finally settled by compromise. Van Nieuwen- 
huysen finally admitted that the Orders of the Church of England were 
sufficient provided the minister so ordained promised to conduct himself 
according to the Constitution of the Reformed Church of Holland. On 
Oct. 2, 1675 Van Rensselaer promised so to do and was admitted to service 
in the Dutch Church. Subsequently Van Nieuwenhuysen wrote an account 
of these events to the Classis of Amsterdam. 

We pass by further troubles which occurred between Van Rensselaer 
and the church of Albany. Van Rensselaer continued to officiate for about 
a year, when he was imprisoned for some dubious words which he uttered 
in the pulpit. The Governor ordered him to be released, and summoned 
the magistrates to, attend him at New York. The case was sent back to 
the magistrates of Albany. False doctrine was proved, but a reconciliation 
was enjoined. While the prosecutors were fined. In 1677, however, the 
Governor himself was compelled to depose Van Rensselaer, because of his 
scandalous life. His wife was Alida Schuyler, who afterward (1679) 
married Robert Livingston. — "Ecc. Rec. N.Y. Col. Hist.," iii 225. "Doc. 
Hist.," iii. 434, 526, 530. ''Smith's N.Y.," 2,3, 34. "Brodhead's, N.Y.," 
vol. ii. For documents in full see Manual, 1902. 

Note. — Brodhead. "Hist, of N.Y.," vol. ii. 272, 288, says that Van Rens- 
selaer had been ordained in both England and Holland, but this is plainly 
a mistake. No record of his ordination in Holland appears on their 
records. He sought ordination in Holland, April 4, 1672, but he did not 
receive it. 
Van Riper. Garrabrant, b. 1807; C.N.J. 1827, student in N.B.S., d. 1828, 

Jan. II.— "Mag. R.D.C.," ii. 352, 374-5. 
Van Santvoord, Cornelius, b. 1686, matriculated at Leyden University on 
Feb. 25, 1707, giving as his residence, Leidensis. and age as 21. The 
subject of study is not given. He studied under the famous John 
Marck. — Staten Island, 1718-42, also Belleville, 1730-2, Schenectady, 
1742-52, d. 
The first reference to him in the "Minutes of the Classis of Amsterdam" 
is in Nov. 22, 1717. 

Upon his arrival he preached in both the French and Dutch languages 
to the people of Staten Island. He was an intimate friend of Domine 
Frelinghuysen of Raritan, sympathizing with him in all his trials, while 
his learning, acutencss, and manly independence qualified him to be his 
advocate. In this character, he ajipeared in a small volume entitled, "A 
Dialogue concerning the "Complaint" of the People of the Raritan Valley; 
treating of the Matters which have in that Volume, both in general and in 
particular, been laid to the Charge of Cornelius Van Santvoord, Minister 
on Staten Island. Together with a Supplement in behalf of the Restoration 
of Peace." New York: Printed by J. P. Zenger, 1726. 

The Dialogue is between "Considerans". and "Candidus," the former 
representing the Frelinghuysen side, and the latter the Complainants. It 



56o 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



is ingenious and suggestive, and without naming any of the ministers in 
the controversy, it really admits one into an mside view of the whole 
controversy. One familiar with the general history of the dispute can, 
without much difficulty, identify the different ministers involved. One 
cannot help but feel that the writer is fair to all parties, notwithstanding 
the controversy was between the more evangelical style of preaching and 
that which was not quite so enthusiastic. He refers to another book, "A 
Dialogue on Orthodoxy," which appeared while Van Santvoord was writ- 
ing his. Dialogue. That covers the same ground, and was written with 
similar intent. No copy of this other dialogue is now known to exist. 
It may have come from Presbyterian sources, as the Tennents and others 
were largely involved in this whole business. Van Santvoord avers that 
he is anxious only for peace. The book is reviewed by the Classis of 
Amsterdam in a letter of Dec. i, 1726, in a severer way than it deserves. 

Mr. Van Santvoord also translated Professor Marck's commentary on 
the Apocalypse, adding much to it by his own reflections. He sent it to 
Holland for approval, and it was not only approved, but adorned with a.' 
copious preface, by Professor Wesselius. The high respect entertained 
and shovyn by Mr. Van Santvoord for Professor Marck was but the coun- 
terpart of the professor's esteem for him. He declared that Mr. Van Sant- 
voord was one of his most distinguished and apt pupils, and he was honored 
by the professor's friendship to the end of life. — "Ecc. Rec, N.Y."; "Brown- 
lee's Hist. Dis. on Staten Island." See "Taylor's Annals of Classis of Ber- 
gen," "Sprague's Annals of Am. Pulpit," Vol. ix. "McCintock's Cyc." 

The title in Dutqji of the above alluded to Dialogue is : Samenspraak 

over de Klaghte der Raritanders. i2mo. M; Morocco. Te Nieuw York. 

Gedrukt by J. Peter Zenger, 1726. A copy of this rare work was owned 

by Hon. Wm. Nelson, of Paterson, until the disastrous fire of 1902). 

Van Santvoord, Cor. S. (s. of Staats Van Santvoord), b. at Belleville, 

N.J., Ap. 8. 1816; U.C. 35. N.B.S. and P.S. 38, 1. by Presbyt. N.Y., 38; 

ord. CI. Cayuga, Sept. 26, 38; Canastota, 38-9, supplied Coeymans and 

New Baltimore, six months. 39-40, Saugerties, 40-55, Union Village, 

55-8, Coxsackie. 2d, 59, Schenectady, 2d, 59-61, Chaplain N.Y'.S. 

Militia, 61-5, Assoc. Ed. of "The Interior," 69-71, Commissioner of 

Schools, Ulster Co., N.Y., 71-6, supplied churches of Bloomingdale, 

St. Remy, Linlithgo, 71-6, w. c. D.D. by R.C., 1855. Died Nov. 2, 1901. 

In his decease, a blameless, well-rounded and beautiful life, thoroughly 

human, yet abundantly flavored with the Spirit of Christ, completed its 

earthly cycle. 

His rare intellectual qualities, disciplined by careful and unrelaxing 
culture, the comprehensive acquisitions of his learning, and the constant 
zest which fanned them to a glow, invested him, to such as were admitted 
to the quiet seclusion of his friendship, with a stimulating charm. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : For a list of his numerous publications see Manual, 1902. 
Van Santvoord, Staats, b. Albany, N.Y., March 15, 1790 (great-grandson 
of Cor. Van Santvoord); U.C. 1811. N.B.S. 14, CI. N.B.; Belleville, 
14-28, Agent to collect funds for Theolog. Sem., 28-9; Schodack, 
29-34, also at Coeymans, 29-30; New Baltimore, 34-9; Onisquethaw, 
39-64, supplying also Berne, 2d. 41-2, and New Salem, 43-4, and pastor 
at Jerusalem, 45-57; in service of the Christian Commission, Nashville, 
Tenn., 1864, w. c. Died May 29,-1882. D.D. by U.C, 1876. 
Publications: Installation Sermon at Onisquethaw. 1841. — "On the 
Sacrifice of Isaac." 1842. — Disc, at Dedication of R.D.C. Salem. 1845. — 
"A Spiritual Gift," in a Series of fifteen Discourses on the "Essential Doc- 
trines and Duties of the Christian Religion." N.Y., 1851. 
Van Schie, Cornelius, b. 1703; matriculated at Leyden University, Aug. i, 
1721, as a student of Philosophy, being 18 years old: residence, Del- 
fensis; again he matriculated on Ap. 7. 1730, as a student of Theology, 



THE MIXISTRV 561 

being 26 years old. Delft is again given as his residence. Ord. by 
CI. Amsterdam, June 4, 1731. Poughkeepsie and Fishkill, 1731-3; 
Albany, 1733-44; d. Aug. 15. He also supplied Rhinebeck (Dutch 
ch.) occasionally, 1731-3. Supplied Claverack, 1732-43. 
The first reference to him in the "Alinutes of the Classis of Amsterdam" 
is dated April 2, 1731. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Van Sinderin, Ulpianus, b. in Neths., Dec. 12, 1708; Brooklyn, Flatlands, 
Bushwick, New Utrecht, Flatbush, 1746-84. resigned; also Gravesend, 
1747-65, emeritus, 1784. Died July 2;^, 1796. 
The first reference to him is dated Oct. 4, 1745. 

His call to the five churches on Long Island and his examination therefor 
is dated Jan. 11, 1746. 

He was called in the place of Antonides. He almost at once incurred 
the displeasure of Arondeus, because he officiated at a marriage shortly 
after his arrival. Arondeus therefore refused to introduce him to the 
people. He brought over with him the letter from the Classis authorizing 
the formation of a Coetus. He also showed a not altogether proper spirit 
in refusing to be reconciled to Arondeus privately, when the Consistory 
wished it. He insisted on a public reconciliation. The Consistories then 
retracted his call, and when he insisted on preaching, left their seats. In 
1750 he was declared to be the only lawful minister in Kings County. — 
"Ecc. Rec, N.Y."; "Mints, of Coetus." See Manual, 1902. 
Van Slyke, Evert, b. 1836. Stuyvesant, N.Y.; R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 65, 1. CI. 
N.Y. ; White House, 65-7. West Farms, 67-71, Albany, 3d, 71-2, (Stam- 
ford, Ct., 72-6), Syracuse, 76-85. Catskill, 85-96, S.S., Brooklyn, North, 
96-1901. Spent some time in traveling and preaching in Europe, d. , 
March 10, 1909. D.D., R.C, 1883. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1889. 
He was a man of broad culture and literary ability. See Min. Gen. Syn., 
1909. 538. 

Publications: Paper* before Alliance of Refd. Chs., Toronto. — Many 
contributions to the press. 

Van Slyke, John Garnsey, b. at Coeymans, N.Y., Feb. 26, 1845; R.C. 

1866, N.B.S. 69. 1. CI. Albany; Readington, 69-70, Jamaica, 70-76, 

Kingston, ist, 1876-1909. Pastor Emeritus, 1909-10, d. Dec. 15. 

All three of Dr. Van Slyke's charges were ancient and in all three he did 

a notable work. In his long Kingston pastorate he not only maintained a 

high position in the church but became one of the most influential citizens 

in the town. Min. Gen. Syn., 1911, 266. 

Publications: Sermons, Reviews, Articles, and numerous contributions 
to the Religious Press. "Hist, of Ref. Ch. Jamaica, L.I." 1876. — "Prophetic 
Element in Preaching" : Address before Alumni of N.B.S., 1894. — "Recol- 
lections of Dr. W. H. Campbell" ; in "Memorial," p. 53. — Letters from 
Abroad, and other articles, in the "Ch. Int.," etc. 

Van Stricn, David, b. Grand Rapids, Mich., Dec. 11, 1886. H.C. 1909, P.S. 
and N.B.S. 1912, 1. by CI. Mich. Missionary in Japan, 1912-20, White- 
house, N.J. (Rockaway). 1920-22. Woodcliff-on-the-Hudson, 1922 

Van Strien, John James, b. Grand Rapids. Mich.. May 18. 1888. H.C. 1914, 
N.B.S. and McCormack Sem. and W.T.S. 1917. 1. by CI. Mich. New 

Prospect. N.Y., 1917-1922, Neshanic, 1922 

Van Thuysen, A. B. 1848. 

Van Tubbergen. G.. reed, into CI. of Mich., Oct. 29, 1858, as a candidate. 

Had previously belonged to the Classis, but had seceded. 
Van Varick. See Varick. 

Van Vechten, Jacob, b. at Catskill. 1788; U.C. 1809. Assoc. Ref. Sem. 13, 
and N.B.S. 14. 1. CI. N.B. ; Schenectadv. 15-49: died Sept. 15. 1871. 
D.D. Elected a tru.stee of U.C. 1837. 
He came of a legal family and early in life intended to devote himself to 
the law but God called him to the ministrv. 



562 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



Dr. Van Vechten was a man of great usefulness in the Church, and 
stood high in the esteem of all who knew him. At the time of his death 
he was the oldest minister of our denomination, and widely known and 
honored. For more than fifty years he had been before the public, occu- 
pying very prominent positions, and he was regarded by all classes in the 
community as a man of high attainments and of great purity of minis- 
terial character. He was a man of great amiability, very gentle in his 
intercourse with the people, in simplicity and frankness most remarkable, 
and utterly imselfish in his whole manner of life. In his own home he was 
kind and affectionate and a lover of hospitality, and in the homes of his 
people he was full of sympathy and encouragement. He was a model 
pastor, and among the afflicted no one could have been his superior. He 
was a man of deep piety and of very great devotion. No one could be in 
his company unless he was made to feel that his religion was a matter 
of the heart and life. His soul was filled with the love of Christ, and he 
would leave the impression that he was a spiritually-minded man and was 
devoted to his Master's work. 

In 1825, the mistake of a surgeon in performing an operation crippled 

him for life, but he did not allow that misfortune to decrease his usefulness. 

During his whole ministerial life he actively participated in the benevolent 

movements of the day and after his retirement from the pastorate he devoted 

himself to assisting his brethren and the aid of feeble churches. 

See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Letter on Character of Dr. Peter Labagh." In "Todd's 
Mem. of Labagh." — Ad*dress at Installation of Rev. Samuel P. Leeds as 
pastor of the church at Dartmouth Col., N.H. In "Ch. Int." ' July 10 and 
25, 1861. — Sermon at Installation of Dr. E. P. Rogers, Albany. In "Ch. 
Int.," Dec. 4, 1856. — "An Effective Ministry." A Scr. before Classis of 
Albany. 1868. — "Memoirs of John M. Mason, D.D., S.T.P.," with portions 
of his Correspondence. 8vo, pp. 559. 1856. See "Princeton Rev.," 1855, 
309. "Mag. R.D.C.," ii. 65, 355. 

Van Vechten, Samuel, b. 1796, at Catskill, N.Y. ; U.C. 1818, N.B.S. 22, 1. 
CI. N.B. ; Miss, to Princetown and Guilderland, 22-3, to Ovid, Johns- 
town, Westerlo and Mapletown, Mayfield, Eonda's Bush, and Union, 
23-4, Bloomingburgh and Rome, or Mamakating, 24-9, Blooming- 
burgh, 29-41, Eort Plain, 41-4, w. c. — Died Nov. 2, 1882. D.D. 
Van Vleck, John, b. at Shawangunk, 1828; R.C. 52, N.B.S. 55, 1. CI. 
Orange; Prin. Holland Academy, Mich., 55-9, Prin. Kingston Acad- 
emy, 59-62, Middleport and Wawarsing, 62-4, d. 1865, Mar. 15. 
Born and nurtured in the valley of Wallkill, under devoted pastoral 
and parental care, trained to patient endurance, his mind at the same time 
found food, and developed vigorously, under apparently unpropitious cir- 
cumstances. Upon graduating he was made Principal of Holland Acad- 
emy, and this institution, the germ of Hope College, is his monument. 
He also began English preaching in the Holland colony in Michigan, which 
culminated in the Second Church of Holland. He possessed warm im- 
pulses and an affectionate disposition, and loved his pupils dearly, for their 
own sakes and for Christ's. Many were led to study for the ministry 
through his influence. He was a most diligent student, an excellent He- 
brew scholar, and an admirable exegete. and projected and almost com- 
pleted several exegetical works. His "Gethsemane" was about completed, 
and is worthy to see the light. He had also advanced far on the "Song of 
Solomon." As a classical scholar and teacher he had few superiors, and as 
a writer his exegetical ability was only exceeded by his spirituality. See 
also "Ch. Int.," Apr. 6, 1865. 

Van Vleck (Van Vlecq), Paulus, b. in Holland; schoolmaster and pre- 
centor at Kinderhook, 1702; ord. irregularly by Rev. Bernardus Free- 
man, 1709; chaplain to Dutch troops going to Canada, in Queen Anne's 
war, 1709-10; Bensalem, Neshaminy, (Sammeny) and Germantown, 



THE MINISTRY 563 

Pa., May 20, 171C-13; united with Presbytery of Philadelphia, Sept. 
JO, 1710. 
He first appears as a schoolmaster and precentor at Kinderhook, N.Y., 
1702. He also sometimes preached, for which he was complained of and 
made to desist. "Doc. Hist., N.Y.," iii. 528. In 1709 he sought to be ad- 
mitted to the ministry as a chaplain to the Dutch troops going to Canada. 
The Governor, Col. Nicholson, ordered Domines DuBois and Antonides 
to ordain him, but they refused, declaring that it was contrary to Church- 
Order. He was finally ordained, it is said, by Freeman, upon which the 
Classis of Amsterdam expressed its disapprobation. Yet Freeman seems 
to deny it. In 1710 he turns up in Bucks Co., Pa., where he begins to 
organize churches, chiefly among a few Dutch families settled there ; at 
Bensalem, Neshaminy and Germantown, of which he makes himself the 
pastor. .In June, 1710, he organized a church at Wytjnes (Whitemarsh), 
which afterward became, perhaps, the Presbyt. ch. of Abington ; and he 
itinerated among the Dutch settlements from Pennsylvania to Staten 
Island, 4)erforming marriages and baptizing children. On Nov. 15. 1710, 
he organized the Church of Six Alile Run. N. J. On Sept. 11, 171 1, he was 
married by Rev. Andrews, of Philadelphia, to Jannetje, daughter of 
Elder Van Dyck, of Sammeny. In three years he had organized three 
churches, supplied ten stations, married 15 couples, received 83 members 
into church-fellowship, and baptized 93 children. The last entry in his 
diary is on Apr. 24, 17 13. when he marries a couple at Raritan, N.J. 
Within a year after his own marriage rumors began to circulate that he 
had a wife in Holland. After some delay this was confirmed, and on 
Sept. 21, 171 5, it was reported that he had fled the country. 

See "Webster's Hist. Presbyt. Ch.," 338. — Streng's Article in "Doyles- 
town Democrat." May 29. 1883. — "Mulford's Hist. Discourse at 175th 
Anniv. of Ch. of Six Mile Run," 1885. — Prof. Hinke's Art. on "Church 
Record of Neshaminy and Bensalem," in "Journal Presb. Hist. Soc," 
May. 1901.— "Hall's Hist. Presbyt. of Trenton." 4c. 

Van Vlierden. Peter, b. in Neths., Apr. 13, .1737; (St. Croix, W.I), 1787- 
1792, Oakhill, N.Y., 1792-4, Catsbaan, 1793-1804, suspended. Restored 
July. 1804, d. 1 82 1. 
He was the last minister who came over from Holland (imtil the immigra- 
tion in 1847), coming, however, by way of the West Indies, where he 
was settled for a time. He was a learned and able divine, graduating 
from the University with the highest honors. He left one son, who. in 
selling some silverware belonging to the family, sold a prize medal, which 
his father had won in the University of Leyden. It was later in possession 
of John Cooke, of Catskill. (We leave this as in Manual of 1879. but his 
name is not in catalogue of Leyden University). 

Publications: "The Destiny of the Soul After Death": A Ser. at the 
Fun. of Rev. John Schunema. 1794. — "A Fast-day Sermon," at Catskill, 
1812, pubd. Albanv, 1813. 

Van Vliet, Thornton, b. Brooklyn. R.C. 1861. N.B.S. 1861-2. Merchant. 
Van Vliet, William, b. Netherlands, March 19, 1882. Educated in Nether- 
lands. Independent Ref. Ch., Muskegon. 1908-13, Chicago, Summit, 

1913-16. Fulton. 111.. 1st. 1916-19, Kalamazoo. Mich.. 4th. 1919 

Van Voorhis. Stephen. C.N.J. 1765. lie. by the General Meeting of Minis- 
ters and Elders, 1772; Poughkeepsie. 1773-6. supplied Dover. 1774, 
Rhinebeck Flats. 1776-85. Philipsburgh (Tarrytown). and Cortland- 
town, 1785-8. (Kingston and Assj-npinck, N.J., Presbyt.). 1793-6, d. 
Nov. 23. 
Van Vranken. Adam H.. h. Apr. 26, 1824; R.C. 48. N.B.S. 51, 1. CI. Schenec- 
tady; Glen, ^1-6=;. S.S., Auriesville, 54-;. Centreville, Mich.. 65-1880, 
d. Oct. 27. See "Ch. Int.," Nov. 11. 18, 1880. 
Van Vranken. Francis \'ischer. b. Princetown. N.Y.. Nov. 26, 1835; U.C. 
58, N.B.S. 61, 1. CI. Montgomery; Lysander, 61-6, Glen, 66-74, Newark, 



564 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

2d, 74-82, Fultonville, N.Y., 82-92, Philmont, N.Y.. 1892-1903, Leeds, 

N.Y., 1903-16, d. Dec. 5. 1918. D.D. by U.C. 

He was a genial man, a conscientious pastor and a good preacher — an 

all around minister of Christ. Min. Gen. Syn., 1919, 1921. 

Van Vranken, Herbert E.. b. Schenectady, N.Y. H.C. 1914, N.B.S. 1917. 

Ordained as a missionary by CI. Schenectady, 1917. Missionary to 

India, 1917 

Van Vranken, Howard H. (son of Adam H. Van Vranken), b. at Glen, 
N.Y., June i, 1852; Miami Univ. "jz. H.S. and N.B.S. 75, lie. CI. Mich- 
igan; Linden, 75-7. Irving Park, 77-82, d. Nov. 4, 1904. 
Van Vranken, Nicholas, b. at Schenectady, 1762; studied under Dirck 
Romeyn and Livingston, 1. by the Synod of R.D. Chs. 1790; Fishkill, 
Hopewell, and New Hackensack, 1791-1804. d. 
He was a man of fine attainments, literary and theological, a fervent and 
eloquent speaker, and a most devoted servant of God. After completing 
his preparatory studies, he became principal of a flourishing academy in 
his native city, continuing in that position for six years. This academy 
was the germ of Union College. The records of his churches, so far as 
preserved, show numerous additions, etvidencing' that his labors were 
blessed. He was possessed of strong affections, ardently attached to his 
charges, no inducement prevailing with him to sever his connection with 
them. He declined calls from Albany and Schenectady. The change of 
language, from the Dutch to the English, took place in his charges during 
his ministry. His knowledge of his people was so complete, and his tact 
so great, that when, according to ancient custom, the communicants stood 
around the pulpit to receive the sacramental elements from the hands of 
their pastor, he adapted his remarks to the circumstances of each. His 
quick eye took in in a moment individual peculiarities, and he also spoke 
to them in Dutch or English, as they were best able to comprehend the 
one or the other. Tradition represents him as a most faithful, devoted, 
and dearly beloved pastor. See Manual, 1902. 

Van Vranken, Samuel A. (s. of Nicholas Van Vranken), b. Feb. 20, 1792; 
U.S. 1815, N.B.S. 1817. 1. CI. N.B.; Middletown and Freehold, 18-26, 
Freehold, 26-34, Poughkeepsie, 34-7, Broome St., N.Y.C., 37-41, Prof. 
Didac. Theol. in N.B. Sem. and Prof. Evid. Ch. Relig. and Logic in Rut- 
gers Col., 41-61, d. Jan. i. Elected a trustee of Queen's Coll. 1819. 
S.T.D. by C.C, 1836. 
No one ever met him, and conversed with him for even a few moments, 
who did not feel at once that he was a highly intelligent, noble-minded, 
and gifted Christian gentleman. His personal presence was imposing, his 
voice rang out freely, the grasp of his hand was animating, his eye rested 
confidently upon you, and when he spoke, you saw plainly that he was a 
man of a frank and open disposition, of large information, and possessed of 
such powers of intellect as would render anything that he might have to 
say, worthy of }our attention. He was an ingenuous man. He knew of 
no conceahnent, practiced no subterfuges, and might be understood in a 
few moments. Few were more unsophisticated, unsuspicious, and open- 
hearted than he in his intercourse with his brethren. 

He was a most friendly, lovable man. As pastor he was much honored 
and as Professor he was the wise confident of his students. 

He was a good preacher and teacher. Yet he was rather a good general 
scholar than a specialist. See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "The Religious Spirit of the Age": an Address at 
Anniver. of Miss. Soc. R.D.C. 1829. "Mag. R.D.C.," iv. IC2. — "Socinianism 
Subversive of Christianity." i6mo. pp. 64. 1841. — "Whose Children are 
Entitled to Baptism." i6mo, pp. 135. 1841. — See Objections to his views. 
"Ch. Int.," Dec. 18. 1841. Sketch of Sermon preached at Ordination of 
Revs. Mabon and Taylor, 1844. In "Ch. Int.." Oct., 1844. — Address at 
Fun. of Dr. -Knox, 1858. In "Knox Memorial." — Art. in "Sprague's An- 



THE MINISTRY 5^5 

nals" on "Rev. Dr. John Schurcman."— "System of Theology." In MS. 

in Sage Library. /- x x- ^7 

Van Wagenen, John Hardenbergh, b. at Rochester (Ulster Co.), h.Y., 
180^; U.C. 23, N.B.S. 26, 1. CI. Ulster; Beavcrdam, Berne, 26-31, 
Niskayuna and Amity, 31-4, Niskayuna, 34-5, Linlithgo, 35-40, Lin- 
lithgo and Mt. Pleasant (Greenport), 40-1, Kmgston, 41-4, d. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: A Ser. in behalf of the Widows' Fund. 1839. 
Van Wagener, W. M., b. in N.Y.C., Feb. 14, 1842; C.C. 61, N.B.S. 61-2, 
P.S. 62-3. N.B.S. 63-4; Episcopalian; assistant of Dr. Tyng. Died 
July 25, 1866. 
Van Westenberg, Anthony. H.C. 1916, N.B.S. 1920, 1. by CI. N.B. Newark, 

North. Assistant, 1920 

Van Westenberg, Isaac, b. Grand Rapids, Mich., Feb. 17, 1882. H.C. 1909, 
W.T.S. 1912, 1. by CI. Grand River. Marion, N.Y., 2d, 1912-14, Grand 

Rapids, Immanuel, 1914-19, Fulton, 111., 2d, 1919 

Van Westenberg, John, b. Brouweisharen, Neths., Dec. 25, 1866; H.C. 
1888. N.B.S. 91, he. CI. N.B.; Pultneyville, 91-92, Brighton, N.Y., 92- 
97, Albany, Holl. ch. 1897-1902, Pella, la., ist, 1902-05, w. c. 1905-09- 
Cleveland, O., ist, 1909-11, Jamestown, Mich., 2d, 1911-13, Grand Rap- 
ids, Mich., 9th, 1915-18, Fremont, Mich., 1918-21, Byron Center, Mich., 

1921 . S.C. Classis Rochester, Albany, Grand River. Pres. P.S. 

Albany, 1902. Pres. P.S. Chicago. 
Publications: Ref. Ch. in Netherlands, 1902. 
Van Woert, Henry S., b. Lawyersville, N.Y., Alay 20, 1870. R.C. 1901, 
N.B.S. 1904, 1. by CI. Schoharie. Keyport, N.J., 1904-09, Bethlehem 

(Selkirk), 1909-19, Roxbury, N.Y., 1919 

Van Woert, Jacob H., b. West Athens. N.Y.. 1823; R.C. 46, N.B.S. 49, 1- 
CI. Greene; North Blenheim and Breakabin, 50-2, Ghent, 2d, (West), 
52-65, Lawversville, and Sharon, 65-71. Died 1882, Dec. 16. 
Van Wyck, Geo. P., b. ^t Bloomingburgh, N.Y., June 24, 1821 ; R.C. 40, 
N.B.S. 43. 1. CI. Orange; Deerpark. 44-52, (Presbyt. Berlin, Md., 52-6, 
Gettysburg. Pa., 56-60, Chester, Pa., 60-61, chaplain. Tenth Legion, 

61-65, chaplain in U.S. Army. Georgia, 1865 . Died Aug. 5, 1899. 

See "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1900, 12. 
Van Wyck, Polhemus, b. in N.Y., 1823; R.C. 43, N.B.S. 48, 1. CI. Pough- 
keepsie; Greenport, 48-51, Gansevoort, and Northumberland, 53-6, 
West Farms, 56-67, Cortlandtown, 67-8, supplying churches, 68-1882, 
died May 17. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Van Wvk. John C. b. Orange City. la., Oct. 22, 1888. Grinnell Col. 1912, 
W.T.S. 1917. 1. by CI. Dakota 1917. Missionary to India, 1917-19- 

Maurice. la., American Reformed, 1919 

Van Zandt, Ab. B., b. in Schenectady, N.Y.. 1816; U.C. 40, P.S. 42. 1. 
Presbyt. Troy; ord. by Presbyt. North River, 42; Matteawan, N.Y., 
1842, Newburgh, 42-8, (Petcrsburgh. Va., 48-55), Central, Ninth St., 
N.Y.C., 55-9, Montgomery, 59-72. Prof, of Didactic and Polemic Theol- 
ogy at New Brunswick. 72-81, d. July 21. D.D. by Hampden Sidney 
Coll., Va., 1853; LL.D. by C.N.J., 1873. 
Dr. Van Zandt was a student. He had the power of concentration, and 
the endurance which enabled him to work intensely at his desk, day after 
day. and often far into the night. He carefully elaborated his sermons 
when a pastor, and his lectures when a professor. He gave great atten- 
tion to analysis and style, but special care to comprehensiveness and pre- 
cision in statements, and in definitions. His work never satisfied him un- 
til he had severely tested every part of it. and felt prepared to defend 
every point. He loved intensely the old-fashioned orthodoxy according 
to the standards of the Church, and almost scorned anything approaching 
broad-churchism. In his pastoral work he laid great stress upon the 



566 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

faithful instruction of the children and youth, and attended personally 
and regularly to the catechetical exercises in the different parts of his 
congregations. 

As a preacher, he had a fiery impetuousness of delivery which not only 
always commanded attention, but which often thrilled his audience. Yet 
his preaching was not what would be called emotional. It was clear, 
sound, solid reasoning, which instructed the understanding, and convinced 
the heart. The same characteristics were exhibited in debates in ecclesi- 
astical bodies, and in the professorial chair. He was a clear thinker, had 
quick passions and an indomitable will. 

In the class-room he was clear, logical and comprehensive in his defini- 
tions and arguments. He made much of the Covenant of Grace as a cen- 
tral truth. He left a carefuUy-written-out series of lectures on Didactic 
Theology, which is deposited in the Sage Library ; also a Commentary on 
the Constitution of the Reformed Church. See "In Memoriam, A. B. 
Van Zandt, Catskill," 1881. — Also "Centennial of Sem. N.B.," 138, 141-2, 
456. — Dr. Demarest's Address, in "Ch. Int.," Aug. 3, 1881. Manual, igo2. 

Publications: Many sermons, orations, addresses, etc., and articles for 
the press. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Van Zandt, Benj., b. at Gelderland, N.Y., Feb. 14, 1809; U.C. 33, Aub. 
Sem. 36, lie. Presb. Cayuga, 36; Union Village, 36-42, Kinderhook, 
42-52, Nyack, 52-56, Prin. of Rockland Institute, 56-68, (Presb. 58-62), 
Canajoharie, and Sprakers, 62-69, Leeds, 69-78, w. c. Died Oct. 14, 
1895. D.D. by U.C. 1866. 
He was a faithful man, earnest for the right as he saw it. 
He was much involved in the abolition controversy of his day. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publication : Ser. at Fun. of Rev. Dr. Jacob Sickles. 1846. 
Van Zandt, Peter, b. I795- N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 1817; Schenectady, 2d. 
and 1st Ch., Fourth Ward, (Glenville), 1818-22, Miss, to Oakhill, 1823, 
d. 1855. 
He was obliged to give up preaching on account of a throat difficulty. 
He then became a physician. Sketch in "Ch. Int.," Sept. 6, 1855. 
Van Zante, A. B. 1. by CI. la. Fairview, III., 1903-07. 
Van Zanten, Jacob J., b. South Holland, 111., Mar. 27, 1858; H.C. 80, 
W.S. 90, lie. CI. Michigan; ord. July 8. 1890; Instructor in N.W. 
Classical Academy, Orange City, la. ; Grand Haven, 2d, 90-3, Muske- 
gon, 1st, 93-9, Cedar Grove, Wis., 1899-1904. Educational Agent for 
Hope College, 1904. Beavcrdam, Mich., 1904-08, d. Oct. 3. 
On Nov. 13, 1900, academic instruction was begun in the chapel of the 
church of Cedar Grove, Wis., under the auspices of Mr. Van Zanten, and 
assistants, with twenty-six pupils, the first year, and thirty-six the second 
year. It was incorporated Oct. 9, 1901, as "The Wisconsin Memorial 
Academy," to commemorate God's providence in leading Dutch colonists 
to those parts in 1847. Proper grounds were now secured, and a suitable 
building erected. Rev. J. J. Zan Zanton was president of the Board of 
Trustees ; Rev. John Sietsma, Secretary ; and Christian Walvoord, Treas- 
urer. The location is about fifty miles north of Milwaukee. See Min. 
Gen. Syn.. 1909. 539. 

Van Zanten, John W., b. Orange City, la., Jan. i, 1885. H.C. 1907, N.B.S. 
1910, 1. by CI. Holland. Metuchen, N.J., 1910-18, Chaplain U.S. Army, 

1918-19, Brooklyn, ist, 1920 

Van Zee, Charles William, b. Bayonne, N.J., Jan. 9, 1867; R.C. 1890, 
N.B.S. 93, 1. S. CI. Bergen; Freehold, ist, 1893-1900, Trinity, Amster- 
dam, N.Y., 1900-1901, High Bridge, N.J., 1902-03, d. Aug. 16. Ph.D., 
Taylor Univ.; See Min. Gen. Syn., 1904, 843. 
Van Zomeren, John G., b. Kalamazoo, Mich. H.C. 1904, W.T.S. 1907, 1. 
by CI. Mich. 1907. Muskegon, Mich., 2d, 1907-10, Cleveland, O., 2d, 
1911-14, Grand Rapids, Mich., 1914-21, Jamestown, Mich., 2d, 192 1 ■ 



THE MINISTRY 567 

Van Zuuren, Casparus, b. 1648; matriculated at Leyden University, Sept. 
7, 1668, for the study of Philosophy; his residence was Govdanus, and 
his age, 20; Flatbush, New Utrecht, Brooklyn, Flatlands, 1677-85; 
May 17, returned to Holland; Gonderach, Holland, 1685-1704, and per- 
haps longer. In 1695 his old congregations on Long Island recalled 
him, but he did not accept. He also preached occasionally at Bush- 
wick, Gravesend, Bergen, and Staten Island. 
On July 20, 1676, Van Zuuren requested to be received as "Recommended" 
by the Classis of Amsterdam for service in foreign lands. 

After the death of Domine Polhemus in June, 1676, the Churches of Long 
Island requested that Domine Selyns be sent to them. He declined but 
Domine \'an Zuuren was sent by the Classis. His salary was 750 guilders, 
Holland money ($300), besides a free dwelling and fire wood. 

Van Zuuren's letters are very long and prosy. They have a certain 
value, as they go elaborately into the relative values of the various kinds 
of currency then in use, and he was very particular as to the relative value 
of the currency in which he received his salary. See "Ecc. Rec, X.Y.," 
Manual, 1902. 
Van Zyl, B. R., b. Newkirk, la., July 24, 1885. H.C. I9i'2, W.T.S. 1915- 

1. by CI. la. 1915. Sanborn, la., 1915-20, Grandville, Mich., 1921 

Varick (Variq and Van Varick), Rudolphus, matriculated at University 

of Utrecht, 1666; in East Indies, 1673-8, at Hem, Neths., 1679-86, 

Brooklyn, Flatlands, Flatbush, New Utrecht, 1686-94, d. Aug. He 

also preached occasionally at Bushwyck, Gravesend, Bergen, Staten 

Island and Hackensack. 

The first allusion to him in "Mints, of Classis of Amsterdam" was 

on April 6, 1671. On Jan. 5, 1672, he was appointed for service in the East 

Indies. But in 1678 he had returned. 

According to the "Mints, of the Synod," in 1679 he had settled at the 
Church of Hem ; and, perhaps, remembering the circumstances that Jonas 
Michaelius was once in this church, and afterward went to New Nether- 
land, he now offered to go thither. 

He sailed from Holland in March, 1686, and arrived early in July. (Let- 
ter of Sept. 9, 1686). He received letters of denization, July 29, 1686, with 
liberty to trade or traffic. He was received with very great kindness by 
the congregations on Long Island. A salary of 900 florins was given him 
and free fuel. 

When the troubles about the Leisler administration occurred, he was 
for a long time patient under them, but at length, for his high-handed 
proceedings, felt compelled to denounce him. (Selyns). In this oppo- 
sition, he stood together with all the Reformed ministers of the Province — 
Selyns, Dellius, Daille. He found it necessary to flee, going to New 
Castle. But upon his return he was charged with being privy to a design 
to rescue the fort from Leisler, and he was dragged by a force of armed 
men from his house, taken to the fort and imprisoned, and kept in con- 
finement for six months. This was in the fall of 1690. He was charged 
also with speaking treasonable words against Leisler, and was sentenced 
to pay a fine of £80, by Lanoy, a pretended judge, to be deposed from his 
ministerial functions, and kept in prison till the fine was paid. Domine 
Selyns offered himself and property as bail for him when imprisoned, 
but was refused, and threatened with imprisonment himself. He was 
finally released WMthout fine, though he ultimately died of his ill-treatment, 
while Leisler, his persecutor, was at length deposed and executed. — "Ecc. 
Rec, N.Y." "Doc. Hist.," ii. 247. "Col. Hist.," iii. 749, 753; iv. 219. 
"Gen. and Biog. Record," ix. 95. "Murphy's Anthology." "Brodhead's 
N.Y.,"" vol. ii. See Manual, 1902. 

Vas, Petrus, b. about 1658. Kingston, Dec, 1710-1756. He also often 
officiated at Rhinebeck. having organized that church. 
His name does not appear in the printed Catalogues of the Univer- 
sities of Lej-den, Utrecht or Groningen. 



568 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

There is a Petrus (Vas?) van Gent, referred to as a candidate of 
Theology, on Oct. 6, 1681, and Mar. 16, 1682. He requested to be received 
as an "Expectant" of the Classis, but not for foreign churches. ("Mints. 
CI. Amst.,"' vii. 313). But it is uncertain whether this is the same one 
who, nearly thirty years later, went to Kingston. If so, he was still a 
candidate m 1699, when he requested, as a candidate, to be recommended 
to the service of the foreign churches, at the same time that Gaulterus 
Du Bois made a similar request. At this same meeting (May 4, 1699), 
there was an election, among three candidates, Gualterus Du Bois, John 
Lydius, minister at the Olyfberg; and Petrus Vas, for the church of 
iNiew York, when Du Bois was chosen, (viii. 304; xix. 255). 

In 1699 he is mentioned as a candidate at 's Gravelant, Holland. He 
succeeded Beys (Bois) in 1710. The Classis says "he has a good witness 
among us, and we hope he will be received in love and good-will." A 
larger allowance than usual was asked of the church of Kingston for his 
voyage, as the journey was tedious, expensive, and dangerous on account 
of the war, and Vas had a large family. — "Ecc. Rec, N.Y." "Doc. Hist.," 
iii. 585. 

Vaughn, Jonah,' b. New Vineyard, Me., Ap. 30, 1851 ; R.C. 78, N.B.S. 

81, 1. CI. N.B.; Franklin Furnace, 81-4, Owasco, 84-9, Linlithgo (at 

Livingston), 89-1900. w. c. d. Oct. 30, 1913. Min. Gen. Syn., 1914, 253. 

Vavighan, William (brother of Jonah Vaughan), b. Sept. 21. 1855, in Maine; 

R.C. 1880, N.B.S. S3, 1. CI. N.B. ; South Bergen. 83-8, Knox Memorial, 

N.Y.C., 1888-1802, East Belfast, Maine, Trinity, 1907 

Vedder, Edwin, b. Aug. 42, 1815. R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 44, 1. CI. Schenectady; 
Little Falls. 45-9, S.S., Glenville, 2d. 49-51. Berne, ist, and Beaverdam, 
51, Beaverdam, 51-5, Middleburgh, and Schoharie Mt., 55-63, Gallup- 
ville and Knox, 63-8, Gallupville, 68-71, Schoharie, 71-3. Jerusalem, 
73-85; emeritus, d. Nov. 24. 191 1. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1912, 570. 
Vedder, Henry, 1. 1803. 

Vedder, Hermanns, b. at Rotterdam, N.Y., Nov. 17, 1777; U.C. 1799, 
studied under D. Romeyn and S. Froeligh. lie. CI. Albany, Sept. 29, 
1801 ; Greenbush and Taghkanic, 1803-47. also supplied Linlithgo, 
1806-14, Greenbush (Gallatin), 50-64; died, 1873, June 29. 
His ministry of 72 years was contemporaneous with the rise and progress 
of the America Republic. He remembered the Revolutionary war and was 
keenly interested in the Civil War. For many years he was the wise spirit- 
ual adviser in a territory which is now occupied by ten churches. 

See Manual, 1902. 
Veenhuizen, A. B.. b. in Netherlands. 1814, studied theology under Merle 
D'Aubigne and his associates in Geneva. Switzerland ; engaged in 
preparing young men for the ministry in Netherlands with Revs. 
Brummelkamp and Van Raalte ; came to America, 1846; labored at 
Schraalenberg. N.J.. 46; Albany. 46-50. Rochester. 50-3. (East Wil- 
liamson. Presbyt.), and Pultneyville, 53-62, S.S., at Pultneyville, 65- 
85. Emeritus. Died Mar. 23, 1895. 
At first expecting to become a physician, he prepared for that profession, 
but afterward felt himself called to enter the Gospel ministry. He had 
done some evangelistic work in the days of the secession of the State 
church in the Netherlands. For about three years he preached in the 
French language, in a field which was opened to him, and then received 
a call from the Hollanders at Rochester. N.Y. At the close of twenty- 
eight years of faithful service he was declared by the Classis of Rochester 
pastor emeritus of the church at Pultneyville, where for ten years he lived 
and his life closed. His knowledge of medicine gave him the opportunity 
to minister to the bodies of his people as well as their souls. The sub- 
ject of his conversation and preaching was Christ and Him crucified. An 
elder asked him if he was firm in the faith. He replied, "I know that my 
Redeemer liveth," and then began to speak about heaven as his home. 



THE MINISTRY 5^ 

He longed to depart and be with Christ, and in that frame of mind obeyed 
the summons. — "Mints. Gen. Syn.." 1895, 218. 

Veenker, Gerrit A., b. Aug. 7, 1856. at Pilsum. East Friesland, Ger. ; c. to 
America, 68; (studied, Mission House, Franklin, Wis. (R.C., U.S.), 
80. Theolog. Ed., same. 82, 1. CI. Sheboygan (R.C., U.S.), 82; Miss. 
Marathon and Clark Cos.. Wis., 82-4) ; Parkersburg, 84-92, CI. Miss, 
for work among the Germans. 92-9, Forreston. 111., 1899-1904, Clara 
City, Minn., Bethany, 1904-1909, Classical Missionary, Classis of Pleas- 
ant Prairie, 1910 

Veenschoten, Henry Michael, b. Feb. 4. 1892. Orange City, la. H.C. 1914, 

W.T.S. 1917, 1. by CI. Holland, 1917, Missionary to China, 1917 

Veenschoten. Wm., h. at Ede. Neths.. 1844; H.C. 71. X.B.S. 74, 1. CI. 111.; 
Schodack, 74-86, Greenport (Columbia Co.), N.Y., 86-90, (Hornells- 
ville, N.Y., Presbyt., 90-4, E. Stroudsburg, Pa.. 1894-1908, d. July 5). 
PuBLic.\Tioxs : "Should the Refd. Church Continue a Separate Organi- 
zation?" — "A Plan for Organic Union." 1887. — Articles on "Church 
Union," in the "N.Y. Independent." — Sermon : "Knowledge-Power in 
Religion" : in "Homilet. Rev." — Sermon : "Life and Death of a Child." 
Vehslage, Henry, b. in N.Y.C., Feb. 12. 1837. Coll. City of N.Y., 58, N.B.S. 
61. 1. by S. CI. N.Y. ; Irvington, 61-1894, ^- Mar. 4. 
He enjoyed a very high character for scholarship and pulpit ability, for 
pastoral faithfulness and for practical tact in his intercourse with men, 
and in his work. He was remarkable for modesty. He never took the 
first step to put himself forward. He was a peculiarly well-balanced 
man. Endowed with talents of a high order, with consecrated heart and 
warm affections, all dominated by that rarest of all gifts, common sense, 
he was ever master of the situation, whatever it might be. — "Mints. Gen. 
Syn.," 1894, 220. 

Veldman. Henry J., b. Eibergen, Gelderland, Neths., June 14, 1865; H.C. 
92, W.S. 95, 1. CI. Grand River; Cedar Grove. Wis., 95-98, Pella, ist, 
la., 1898-1901, Milwaukee, ist, 1901-1906, Holland, Alich., ist, 1906- 

19, Newkirk, la., 1919-21, Detroit. Alich., 1921 . Vice Pres. Gen. 

Syn., 1913. In charge of Am. Ch. in Hague, 1913. 
Pl'blications : Articles in De Hope, Leader, etc. 
Veneklasen, James T., b. Zeeland, Alich.. Aug. 25, 1886. H.C. 1907, N.B.S. 

1912, 1. by CI. Holland. (Presbyterian, 1912 ). 

Vennema. Ame. b. Holland. Alich.. Alay 25. 1857; H.C. 79, N.B.S. 82, lie. 
CI. Holland ; New Paltz, 82-6, Kalamazoo, 2d, 86-9, Rochester, 2d. 89-92, 
Port Jervis, 92-5, Passaic, ist, 1895-1911. President Hope College, 
1911-18. Ramapo. Alawah. N.J., 1918-20. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1907. Mem- 
ber Bd. of Education and F.AI.. R.C.A. D.D.. H.C, 1904, R.C., 1916. 
Publication : "Hist, of Ch. of New Paltz." 1883. On joint committee 
for publication of the Hymnal of the Reformed Church. 
Vennema, Sanders A., b. Netherlands, 1839, Christian Reformed Church. 
Ord. 1890. Danforth. III.. 1889-92. Falmouth and Vogel Centre, and 
Modersville, 92-8. w. c. d. Grand Rapids, Mich., Alarch 2. 1921. See 
Min. Gen. Syn.. 1921, 636. 
Vcrbeck. Guido Fridolin, b. at Zeist. Province of Utrecht. Netherlands, 
Jan. 23. 183c; Auburn Sem. 59. 1. Presbyt. Cayuga, 59; Missionary to 
Japan. 1859-1898; Nagasaki. 59-AIar.. 69, Aliss. at Tokio ; also in 
the service of the Imperial Government in educational, translation, and 
advisory work. 69-78. Bible translation and evangelistic tours, with 
occasional visits to America, (and one to Plurope in 89). 79-98; died 
in Tokio. Alarch 10. 1898. D.D. by R.C. 
"Vcrbeck of Jai)an. the greatest under God of the makers of the new 
Christian nation that is coming and even now is," was descended, on his 
father's side, of ancient Dutch stock, and on his mother's side from a 
Dutch family which had originated in Italy, whence, having become ad- 
herents to Biblical Christianity, they had fled at the breaking out of the 
Reformation. When the Aloravian settlement at Zeist was formed, in 



5/0 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1776, Jan Verbeek, an ancestor, was living there, and the father of Ver- 
beck of Japan, though born at Choldorf, in Germany, grew up in Zeist, 
marrying Ann Kellerman, becoming burgomaster of the village of Rysen- 
burg, not far distant, but living at "the Koppel," in Zeist, where Guide, 
their sixth child, was born. From his father, the future missionary in- 
herited his simplicity and modesty, and from his mother his love of music. 
From the Moravians he received his missionary inspiration. Gutzlaff, of 
China, who visited Zeist, was especially quickening to young Guido. It is 
remarkable that this apostle to the Chinese was, under God, the means 
of directing to the East two such able men as Guido Verbeek and Sir Harry 
Parkes. Educated at the Moravian School, in four languages, Dutch, 
French, English and German, and confirmed in the Moravian Church, he 
spent twenty-two years in Zeist, and then at the Polytechnic Institute of 
Utrecht came under the care of Professor Grotte. As he was born in the 
year that railways were introduced in the Netherlands, his parents decided 
that he should be an engineer. After some experience in the foundry at 
Zeist, it was through the suggestion and invitation of his brother-in-law, Rev. 
George van Deurs, backed by the Rev. Otto Tank (who married a wealthy 
Dutch lady in Zeist), that Guido came to America, going to Green Bay, Wis., 
beginning early his process of becoming an "Americanized Dutchman." He 
wrote, in 1852, "I am determined to become a good Yankee." 

Tired of repeatedly pronouncing his name in proper Dutch style, he 
changed its spelling to Verbeek, though on his monument in Tokio the orig- 
inal orthography, Verbeek, is preserved. He accepted an offer to go as an 
engineer to Helena, Ark., and was there engaged in drafting and engineering 
calculations when he was struck down by the fever. During his sickness he 
convenanted with God that if restored to health he should consecrate his 
life to service in the missionary field. Returning to Green Bay, he spent 
the winter of 1854-1855 very happily. At this time, unknown to the young 
Dutchman, the Japanese military commander at Nagasaki, found floating 
in the water a New Testament. Becoming acquainted with its contents, 
through the Dutch and a Chinese translation, he began the study of the book, 
praying that some teacher might further enlighten him. Providence was 
already preparing the teacher. 

In the autumn of 1855, invited by Mr. van Deurs and encouraged by 
William E. Dodge, of honored name, he came to Auburn. ■ He excelled 
both as a student and as a singer in the seminary quartette. He also 
preached in German to a German congregation in Auburn. Meanwhile, 
Perry's expedition had been fully discussed in America and the Reformed 
Dutch Church had promptly laid the foundations, in prayer and money, 
for a mission in Japan. The Rev. Samuel R. Brown, then settled at Owasco 
Outlet, a beautiful spot near Auburn, had offered his services to the Board 
as pioneer, and being accepted, was looking for an "Americanized Dutch- 
man" to go with him, Dutch being then the key to the cultured men of 
Japan, who made this one European language their basis of communication 
with the Western world and their medium of science. Meeting the Board 
in New York, Jan. 28, 1859, Verbeek was appointed missionary Feb. 16, 
licensed and ordained as an evangelist by the Presbytery of Cayuga on the 
22d of March, and received as a member of the Reformed Dutch Classis of 
Cayuga the next day. Then, having no status as a Dutch subject, he went 
to Albany, remaining three days, to secure American citizenship from the 
Legislature, which, he found, could not be done. So as "a citizen of no 
country," he lived and died. On the i8th of April he was married to Miss 
Maria Manion, who thus became his devoted wife and helper for nearly 
forty years and the honored and beloved mother of the eight children born 
to bless the union. The ship Surprise with a missionary party. Brown, Ver- 
beek and Simmons, sailed from New York, May 7, 1859, reaching Shanghai 
on the 17th of October. The "right wing" of the mission. Brown and 
Simmons reached Kanagawa Nov. i, and on Nov. 7, after a voyage of 187 
days, Verbeek stepped ashore at Nagasaki. 



THE MINISTRY 57I 

Thcii began a most wonderful work of nearly thirty years, which we 
may divide into three portions, each one covering, roughly, a decade, the 
first being that of the teacher and missionary, the second of the educator, 
organizer and statesman, the third of the Bible translator and evangelist. 
Coming among high-spirited and suspicious people who had been hermits 
on their own island for nearly three centuries, and whose idea of Chris- 
tianity was that it cloaked sorcery and political conspiracy, V'erbeck began 
slowly but surely to make friends and to win pupils. Notwithstanding 
that the government prohibitions of the Christian religion, with menace 
and reward to the informer, hung all over the land, yet Mr. Verbeck at- 
tracted young men of taste and education to his house. His wonderful 
linguistic accomplishments, he having already a speaking knowledge of four 
living and a scholar's acquaintance with three dead languages, helped him 
at once and made him unusually valuable throughout his career. So thor- 
oughly did he give himself to the mastery of the Japanese that he was 
soon ai)le to converse fluently, and, from "the first, so accurately, that his 
•conversation was the delight of natives of dignity and culture, while in 
later years many Japanese declared that he was the only foreign public 
speaker of the vernacular whose nativity could not be detected when he 
-was unseen. After teaching a few young men in his own home, the Gov- 
ernor of Nagasaki established a school for the training of interpreters 
and engaged Verbeck to teach in it ten hours a week, at a salary of twelve 
hundred dollars a year. Happily for the good of Japan and the further- 
ance of true Christianity, the Board gave its hearty assent, and from that 
time until 1878 Mr. Verbeck was a self-supporting missionarv. Into this 
school came the sons and relatives of the rulers and leading' men of the 
southwestern provinces, including two nephews of the famous Yokoi 
Hershiro, two sons of the Prime Minister Iwakura, two young men who 
afterward became members of the emperor's cabinet, and scores of others 
who later occupied high office and were powerful agents in the making of 
■the new Japan, and numbering altogether hundreds. 

Meanwhile, through young men who passed to and fro between Nagasaki 
and Saga, where Murata and his fellow-students lived, Mr. Verbeck kept 
up his unseen Bible class for three years. In May, 1866, the pupil came 
to visit his teacher, and on May 20th, according to the form of baptism used 
in the Reformed Church, Mr. Verbeck baptized Murata ("Wakasa"), the 
■officer who had found the floating Bible in the water twelve years before, 
with two of his young men, lyabe and Motono. The children and grand- 
■children of these first converts are still active in the Christian churches 
in Japan. 

When the revolution of 1868 broke out, several of Mr. Verbeck's pupils, 
who under him had studied, especially, the Constitution of the United 
States^ and the New Testament, became active in the new government. 
Mr. Verbeck, not having been for five years outside of a circle of a radius 
of four miles, improved the opportunity and made a trip to Osaka, .so as to 
be near Kioto, the capital. His visit was effective in getting Japanese 
young men sent, under imperial auspices and support, as students to America. 
Already, as early as June loth, 1866. he had started the two nephews of 
Yokoi-Ise, and Numagawa, the first of a host to go abroad, and the begin- 
Tiing of a procession of five hundred or more, who, with Mr. Verbeck's 
mtroduction, were helped in various ways when in America by friends in 
the Reformed churches and the Board. Of this prolonged and varied kind- 
ness, the I-'mperor's commissioners, when in America in 1885, made grateful 
acknowledgment. When, according to the Mikado's oath in 1868, "learning 
and talent" were ".sought throughout the world to re-establish the founda- 
tions of the empire," Mr. Verbeck was called to Tokio to plan out a svstem 
of national education and to organize the Imperial Universitv. His" first 
letters from that city are dated June 21, 1870. In Julv he received orders 
(from the Department of Education to bring out fro'm "America voung men 



57^ THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

as teachers for the Japanese, under which arrangement Messrs. Griffis, Clark, 
Wyckoff and others came out to Japan. See the pamphlet, "The Rutgers 
Graduates in Japan," 1886. 

From this time forth Dr. Verbeck continued his multifarious and inces- 
sant labors in the national capital. 

Besides re-organizing the Imperial University, appointing teachers and 
attending to manifold details, he taught the Scriptures in his own house, 
helped hundreds of inquirers and private students, served informally as 
general adviser of many of the officers in the new government (then with- 
out the staff of experts provided later), and made the original proposition 
and mapped out the route of the great embassy to the treaty powers of 
the world. When this was organized and ready to start, led by one of 
the highest nobles, the junior premier Iwakura, and several members of 
the cabinet. Dr. Verbeck found that half of the personnel of the embassy 
had been under his instruction as pupils. Transferred in 1874 to the service 
of the Genro-in, or Senate, he wrought daily and continuously with the 
statesmen who were preparing the national Constitution and making ready 
for the imperial Diet which was to assemble in i88g. He translated into 
Japanese, with the co-operation of native scholars, the "Code Napoleon," 
Bluntschli's "Staatsrecht." "Two Thousand Legal Maxiums," with com- 
mentary, the constitutions of the states of Europe and America, forest 
laws, various compendiums and forms, and hundreds of legal and political 
documents. He also wrote a powerful paper on "The Freedom of the 
Press," which had great influence upon the Emperor's ministers. He made 
them acquainted also wrth the relations of Church and State in other coun- 
tries, and especially with the American system of trustees, to whom are 
given the charge of property and secular matters relating to the church. 

On severing his connection with the government. July i, 1877 — the large 
number of expert advisers and assistants then in the employ of nearly all 
the government departments enabling him to do this with a good grace — 
though he still lectured in the Nobles School, the Emperor bestowed on 
him the decoration of the Third Class of the Order of the Rising Sun. 
Concerning this. Dr. Verbeck wrote: "This is the first piece of jewelry 
I ever owned," and also, "indirectly it is a tribute to the cause of mis- 
sions." This ever active missionary never for one moment concealed his 
character and purposes, and in after years refused to preach in any place 
where his decoration by the Emperor was advertised or mentioned. To 
the organization of the Koji-Machi Church in Tokio, Dr. Verbeck gave 
much time, thought, prayer, love and labor and money, often having the 
whole congregation as a Bible class. 

He now began that course of preaching tours which lasted until his 
decease, going into every section of the empire and always speaking to 
profoundly interested audiences. His tremendous power, coming, indeed, 
from his mastery both of scholarly and vernacular Japanese, his profound 
insight into what was in the minds of his hearers, his power of illustration, 
his knowledge of human nature, the flavor of mysticism in his tempera- 
ment, and his close acquaintance, both critical and familiar, with the Bible — 
these account in a manner for his marvelous power over audiences, but above 
all he was a great preacher in Japanese, because he seemed to be anointed 
with the Holy Spirit so that his speech was ever full of weight, point,, 
unction and power. 

In 1889 he visited America and Holland, speaking in many of the 
churches, seeing his native village of Zeist, enjoying publicly the opportunity 
of using his mother tongue in awakening missionary interest, whether speak- 
ing in the Groote Kerk in Delft or in the humblest meeting house. In 1891 
we find him again in Tokio lecturing four hours a week in the Nobles 
School, preaching on Sunday, busy on Bible translation, and helping to steer 
the gospel ship safely through the currents of ultra-nationalism and amid 
the rocks of rationalism, both of the old native and of the newer foreign 



TFIE MINISTRY ^JT^ 

sort. He lived to see the complete Bible in Japanese. In beauty, clearness, 
and heart-moving language, it has been said that "above this great tableland 
of divine truth in the vernacular, the book of Psalms, on which he spent 
nine years, stands up, much as Fujiyama rears itself above the lower peaks." 

He aged visibly during the last \'ear of his life, and in October, 1897, his 
physician, much to his profound sorrow, forbade any further evangelistic 
tours. He preached for the last time on the night of February 26th, 1898. 
One of his latest works was the preparation of an address in English 
to His Majesty on the occasion of the presentation of a handsome copy of 
the Bible in Japanese, on which many scholars had labored more or less 
during a generation. After his sudden and easy death, on March 10, 1898, 
some of the highest noI)lemen and officers in the empire attended the funeral 
services in the Shiba Church, which took place three days later on the twen- 
ty-sixth anniversary of the organization of the First Reformed Church 
■organized in Japan (the edifice standing on Commodore Perry's treaty 
ground at Yokohama ) . In Tokio the Emperor presented five hundred yen 
to pay the funeral expenses, and ordered two companies of soldiers, veterans 
of the Imperial Guard, to escort his body to the grave. The burial lot was 
deeded to Dr. \'erbeck's family by the city government of Tokio. "Claimed 
by three nations but a citizen of none, he has found for his weary body a 
final resting place in Japan, and Japan has not failed to show due appre- 
ciation of the honor." See "The Japan Evangelist" for 1898, and the 
biography, an octavo, entitled "Verbeck of Japan : A Citizen of No Coun- 
try," by Rev. W'm. Elliot Griffis, D.D., New York, 1900. 

Publications: The "fit audience though few" for Mr. Verbeck's writ- 
ings was made up, in earlier years, of young men who helped to make, and 
■of the statesmen in the government of Japan. His manuscripts and trans- 
lations were too many to be noted here. One of the former is an elaborate 
study of the Greek text of the gospels, showing the author a master of 
both textual and literary, criticism. He was one of a staff of writers who 
produced "An Outline History of Japanese Education," prepared for the 
Centennial Exposition, 1876. "Classical Poetry of the Japanese" — a notable 
article in the "Chrysanthemum" (magazine), Yokohama, 18S1 ; "History 
of Protestant Missions in Japan," Yokohama, 1883, pp. 163; Letters to the 
"Christian Intelligencer." "A Synopsis of all the Conjugations of the Jap- 
anese \'erb," pp. 95, Yokohama, 1887. 

Verbryck, Samuel, studied under J. Leydt, J. H. Goetschius, Vanderlinde, 
and perhaps T. Frelinghuysen, of Albany; lie. by Coetus, 1749; Tappan 
(Orange), and New Hempstead (now Clarkstown), 1750-84, d. He 
was one of the original trustees of Queen's College. 

The Classis of Amsterdam very reluctantly gave permission for his ordin- 
ation in America. He was ever a firm friend of the Coetus and the Amer- 
ican Classis, and helped greatly in securing ecclesiastical independence. 
He was clerk of the last regular meeting of the Coetus. when the resolve 
was made to get the votes of the churches respecting a Classis. He greatly 
furthered this scheme, while Ritzema opposed it. (Ritzema). As clerk 
he had a right to the Minute-Book of Coetus, but it was generally left in 
New York for convenience and safe-kee])ing, and hence it fell into the 
hands of the Conferentie, who recorded their own minutes thenceforth in 
this volume, 1755-1767. Probably the Coetus expected to secure the book 
again, and transcribe their minutes therein, but this was never accom- 
plished, and hence the minutes of the American Classis, 1755-1771. are lost. 
The facts in general, however, may be understood from the voluminous 
Amsterdam correspondence. \'erbryck was one of the eleven who signed 
the conlmission of Rev. Theodore Frelinghuysen, 1755, to go to Holland 
to secure funds for a university. While the latter was in Europe, 1759-61, 
followed by Hardenbergh of kindred spirit. 1761-3, and while Ritzema and 
Leydt were writing their pamphlets /to and con respecting ecclesiastical 
independence. 1761-5, \'erbryck was laboring with untiring zeal to secure a 



574 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

charter from the Governor of New Jersey for a distinctively Dutch literary 
institution. Failing the first time, he tried a second and a third from suc- 
cessive Governors, until he succeeded, and the charter for such an institu- 
tion was signed May lo, 1766, to be called Queen's College, so as not to be 
outdone in loyalty to the English crown by King's College, in New York. 
But by the time this success was gained, the great controversy and lawsuit 
in New York respecting the introduction of English preaching had taken 
place, and been decided against the Dutch party. (De Ronde). It became 
obvious that a mistake had been made in the proposed character of the 
institution, and after four more years of waiting and labor, another char- 
ter, more liberal and unsectarian in character, was secured. This is dated 
March 20, 1770. (Rutgers College). It would have been more natural 
to locate this institution for the Dutch Church in New York State along 
the banks of the Hudson, where the majority of the Dutch resided. The 
nver also would always have been a convenient highway. But there was 
no prospect of success in securing another institution in New York, and 
in the choice between Hackensack and New Brunswick, the latter location 
was finally decided on, although at the ver_v southwestern extreme of the 
Dutch Church, in view of the German Reformed element in Pennsylvania, 
which was also under the care of the Classis of Amsterdam. This one- 
sided location led, soon after the Revolution, to the founding of Union 
College at Schenectady. (Union College). 

Verbryck's character is indicated by his untiring zeal as above exhibited. 
Yet this very zeal for a, literary institution, so necessary for the ministry, 
offended many of his people, so that they refused to pay salary to him! 
He also opposed all forms of prayer, and the celebration of the festival 
days, which conduct was then considered a great innovation. The Con- 
ferentie wrote to the Classis of Amsterdam bitterly against him, urging 
them to take him in hand. They declared that if he got a charter for an 
American institution, it would tend to the increase of the same kind of 
ministers! (Numbers xi. 29). "Ecc. Rec, N.Y." "Minutes of Coetus." 
"Centennial Discs." 62, 75-91. See "Cole's Hist. Ch. Tappan," 1894. 
Verbrycke, I. Russell (son-in-law of Rev. T. C. Easton). b. New Bruns- 
wick, N.J., Nov. 5, i860: R.C. 81, N.B.S. 84, 1. CI. N.B.; Preakness, 
84-7, Piermont, 87-93 (Washington, D.C., Gurley Memorial Presb. ch.), 

1893 

Verburg, James A. H.C. 1910, .T.S. 1913. Grand Haven, Mich., 2d, 1914- 

IS. (Pres., Boston, Mass., 1915 ). 

Ver Hulst, Anthony L., b. Drenthe, Mich., Sept. 9, 1886. H.C. 1910, N.B.S. 

1910-11. Pres. Sem. of Kentuckv, 1911-12. 
Vermeule, Cor. C, b. 1786; Q.C. 1812, N.B.S. 14, 1. CI. N.B.; Tutor in 
R.C. 12-14, Prof, of Langs, in Queen's Col. 14-15; Harlem, 16-36, d. 
1859, Jan. 15. D.D. 
When he resigned his pastorate in 1836, on account of impaired health, 
the Consistory voted him a year's salary, as a mark of their respect and 
esteeln. He was tall and slender in appearance, grave, reserved, and digni- 
fied in manner, a good preacher, and an earnest and faithful pastor, of more 
than usual modesty and humility of spirit, and of great tenderness and 
sensibility of feeling. — "Mandeville's Hist. Dis.," 1875. 
Vermeule, Frederick. Q.C. 1814, N.B.S. 1814-16, d. Jan. 30, 1865. 
Vermilve. Ashbel G. (s. of T. E. Vermilve). b. at Princeton, N.J., 1822; 
. N.Y.U. 40, N.B.S. 44, 1. CI. N.Y.; ord. by Presbyt. Albany, 45, (Little 
Falls. N.Y., .15-50, Newburyport, Mass., 50-63) ; Utica, 63-71 ; Schenec- 
tady, 71-6, Chaplain of the Marine Chapel. Antwerp. Belgium; sailed, 
March 26, 79; 79-82, w. c. d. July 9, 1905. D.D., R.C. i860. 
After retiring from the pastorate he* was very active in the larger work 
of the Denomination. For 19 years he was a member of the Board of Direc- 
tion. He was also a member of the Committee on Hymnology, which pre- 
pared the "Hymns of the Church" and "Hymns of Prayer and Praise." 



THE MINISTRY 575 

He was a member of the N.Y. Hist. Society and one of the founders of the 
Huguenot Society. He possessed an analytic mind, finely balanced judg- 
ment and splendid oratorical powers. He had a genial wit and courtesy 
and a Christ-like gentleness which endeared him to all who knew him. See 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1906, 608. 

Plblic.'XTIo.ns : Many articles in various papers, addresses, etc. For list 
see Manual, 1902. 

Vermilye, Dupuytren. b. Sept. 16, 1833, at Hopewell, N.Y.; R.C. 60, N.B.S. 
63. 1. CI. I'oughkeepsie; ord. by CI. Alich. 63; Miss, to Jefferson and 
Pittsford. 63-65, ^liss. at Palisades, 65-8 (also Cong, ch.. Fort Lee, 
b/S), (Guilderland, Presbyt., 69-71). Supplying churches, d. June 8, 
1907. 
Vermilye, Thomas E., I), in N.Y.C., Feb. 27, 1803; Y.C. 21, Princeton, 25, 
1. Presbyt. N.Y. 1825 (Vandewater St., N.Y.C., Presbyt., 26-30, West 
Springfield, Mass., Cong.. 30-35) ; Albanv, 35-39- New York, 39-93, d. 
March 17. D.D. by R.C. and U.C, 1838; S.T.D. by C.C. 1875; LL.D. 
by Jeff. C, 1857. Elected trustee of R.C, 1849. 
His early ancestors were Walloons, who took refuge in London in the 
latter part of the i6th century, and thence removed to Leyden. They came 
to this country in 1662, and settled first at New Amstel (New Castle), 
Delaware, and afterward at Harlem. The family name is honorably asso- 
ciated with the early history of New York, and three of Dr. Vermilye's 
brothers were long prominent as bankers of high ability and character. 
He was himself, in his boyhood, placed in a lawyer's office, but his tastes 
inclined him to the study of theology, which he studied privately, at Prince- 
ton, under the instruction of some of the professors. He was called to the 
Collegiate Church in New York in 1839. being installed in the Middle 
Church, as the Cedar street church was then yet called. But the pulpit in 
which he was oftenest heard, and to which he gave great renown, was 
that of the New Middle Church on Lafayette place and Fourth street. 
His colleagues. Dr. Knox. 'Dr. Brownlee and Dr. DeWitt, were all at that 
time in the prime of their years and usefulness. But Dr. Vermilye proved 
himself worthy, both in character and ability,- to be associated with them. 
He soon ranked among the most attractive and popular ministers of the 
city, and was especially noted for his grace of manner and beauty of style. 
He was not only loyal but enthusiastic in his devotion to the Dutch Church, 
with whose principles and methods he was in heartiest sympathy. He per- 
formed his share of its classical and Synodical work, and from 1849 until 
his death was one of the trustees of Rutgers College. As the senior 
minister of the Dutch Church in New York City, he was one of the trus- 
tees of the Leake and Watts Orphan House, an institution in whose wel- 
fare he took a very deep interest. For well nigh fifty years he was one of 
the chaplains of the St. Nicholas Society. For many years he was a mem- 
ber of the important "Committee on Versions" of the American Bible Soci- 
ety, and rendered valuable service at a stirring period, until his resignation 
in 1857. 

Increasing deafness made it in his later years more and more difficult 
for him to conduct public worship or take part in discussion, and he was 
released by the Consistory from the active service of the church after the 
first Sunday in May. 1869. During the subsequent twenty-four years, he 
lived in tranquillity and comfort, occasionally appearing in the pulpit or on 
the platfrom. and always retaining a keen interest in public affairs, and 
I)ossessing a singularly correct knowledge of what was taking place around 
him. The fiftieth anniversary of his installation in the Collegiate Church 
was celebrated by an imposing service on the 29th of October. 1889. in 
the church at Fifth avenue and Forty-eighth street. He then delivered an 
address which showed that neither his mind nor his spirit had been weak- 
ened by age. He was in the ministry sixtyrseven years, and in the Col- 
legiate Church ministry for fifty-four years. He was more than ninety 



576 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

years of age at his death. See "Collegiate Ch. Year Book," 1890, 94; 1898, 

643; "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1893, 894. — "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C.," 1893, 

3. — See "Dr. E. B. Coe's Disc. Commemmorative of," 1893. Manual, 1902. 
Publications: Many Sermons, Addresses, Articles. For list see Manual, 

1902. 

Vernol, Thos. Powell, b. Orange Co., N.Y., Jan. 31, 1856; National Sch. 
of Elocution and Oratory, Philadelphia, 89, N.B.S. 92, lie. CI. Passaic; 
Paterson, ist, 1892-1920. Pastor Emeritus, 192c. Pres. P.S., N.B., 1909. 
Bd. Supt., N.B.S. , 1906. 
Publications: Articles for the press. 

Verwey. Daniel George, b. Rochester, N.Y., Feb. 26, 1878. R.C. 1905. N.B.S. 
1908, 1. by CI. Rochester. Wallkill, 1908-16, N.Y.C., Union, High 
Bridge, 1916 

Vetter, G., Racine, Wis., 1892. 

Viele, Jas. Pattison, b. Saratoga, N.Y.. Mar. 25, 1835; U.C. 61, P.S. 64, 
ord. Presb., Troy, 67, (S.S.. Caldwell. N.Y., 65-7, at Pittstown, 67-9), 
Schaghticoke, 69-72, (Middle Granville. 72-5. Sand Lake, 76-82, Ver- 
non, 82-6, Home Miss, in Kansas, 87-99), Northumberland (Bacon 
Hill), N.Y.. 1899-1902, d. June 3. 1906. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1907, 918. 

Vis, Jean Abraham, b. Waddinxveen, South Holland, Nov. 28, 1883; H.C. 
1910, W.T.S. 1913, 1. by CI. Grand River, New Sharon, la. 1913-17, 
Morrison, 111. Ebenezer 1917 . 

Visscher, John, H.S. 1877. 

Voegelin, Chs. Fred. ^Nordt, b. Paterson, N.J., Apr. 8, 1877; Bloomfield 
Sem. 1901, lie. Presbyt. of Morris and Orange; Central Bridge and 
Howes Cave, 1900-1902, Howe's Cave alone. 1902-04, Brooklyn, Ocean 
Hill 1904-09. 

Voerman, Arthur H., H.C. 1918, N.B.S. 1921. I. and Ord. CI. Monmouth 
1921, Freehold, N.J. 2d. 1921 . 

Volckmar, Johann Rheinhard, Stone Arabia, 1787-88. 

Vonck, see Funck, French. 

Von Pompl, Rudolph, Hudson, Hungarian 1916-18. 

Von Romondt, see Romondt. 

Von Schlieder. Albert Henry (son of F.E. Schlieder), b. West Leyden, 
N.Y., Jan. 13, 1869. R.C. '93, N.B.S. '96 1. by CI. Montgomery; Hurley 

1896-1903, Montclair Heights. 1903-10, Hackensack, ist, 1910 . Also 

S.S. Highwood, N.J. 1915. D.D. by Central Col. la. 1918, Pres. P.S. 
N.B. 1914, Pres. Bd. of Health, Hackensack 1914-20, Pres. Bd. Supt. 
N.B. Sem. 1920-21, Pres. Health Center, Bergen Co. 1919-22. 
Publications: Articles in press. • 

Voorberge, J.P.J.K. (same as Kruys-Voorberge.), 1. by CI. Holland 1912, 
Ustick, 111. 1912-18, Vesper, Wis. 1918-21. Left for the Netherlands 
1921. 

Voorhees, Henry Martin, b. in Hunterdon Co.. N.J., 1840; R.C. 1859, 
N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Raritan, 1863; Port Jackson, 1863-5. Bethlehem, ist, 
• 1865-71, North and South Hampton, 1871-7, Port Jervis, 1877-9, Belle- 
ville, 80-2 (Presbyt.),- Helderberg, 86-89, High Bridge, N.J., 89-92. 
Died, 1895, Nov. 20. 

Voorhees, Henrv V., b. in New Brunswick, N.J., Dec. 19. 1826; R.C. 47, 
N.B.S. 50, f. CI. N.B. Geneva, 51-4, Broome St., N.Y.C., 55-6, Bound 
Brook, Jan. 58-62, Washington Heights, 62-5, South Bushwick, 67-9, 
Nyack, 71-8, w. c. (Presbyt.: Princess Ann, Md., 80-89, Delaware 
Water Gap, 91-95) ; died Oct. ic, 1897. 
When only about ten years of age, to please his mother, he committed 

in one Sabbath afternoon the whole of the 119th Psalm, and recited it. 

He united with a Presbyterian church in Princeton, but when he resolved 

to studv for the ministrv he turned to the institutions of the church of his 



THE MINISTRY 577 

fathers. He was a most brilliant preacher. Few could be more eloquent 
than he. But he was obliged to contend with ill-health through all his 
ministry. Hence he was obliged to rest a year or two between his succes- 
sive charges. His several congregations always parted from him with 
great regret. Revivals accompanied him in every field. See Manual, 1902. 
Voorhees, John Brownlee (son of Wm. Brownlee Voorhees), b. Blawen- 

berg, N.J., Jan. 27, 1875; R.C. 96, N.B.S. 99, lie. CI. N.B. Union High 

Bridge, N.Y.C., 1899-1907, Corresponding Secretary Bd. D.M. 1907-12. 

(Congregational 1912-1919, d. Jan.). D.D., R.C., 1913. 
He was a child of the covenant and throughout his whole life he adormed 
the doctrines of grace. As secretary of the Bd. of D.M., he exercised a 
remarkable influence over the churches and attracted attention to himself 
by his consecrated service. This led to a call to an important church in 
another Denomination. In 1918 he gave his service as a Y.M.C.A. \yorker 
at the front. Very soon he was wounded and after a tedious period of 
suffering he was released from his pain. 
Voorhees, Louis B., b. Rocky Hill, N.J., June 10, 1847; C.N.J. 1868, student 

in N.B.S. 1867-9, Andover Sem. 1871, (Cong. North Weymouth, Mass. 

1871-6, Worcester, ist Cong., 1877-80, Saundersville, Grafton, Mass., 

1882-5, Salem, Mass. 1885-9, Santa Anna, Cal. 1889-90, Silverton, Cal. 

1890-91, North Attleboro, Mass., 1892-3, Groton, Mass., 1893-1901, d. 

July 26.) 
Voorhees, Oscar McMurtrie, b. near Somerville, N.J., Dec. 29, 1864; 

R.C. 88, N.B.S. 91, 1. CI. Raritan; Three Bridges, 1891-1903, High 

Bridge, N.J. 1903-09, N.Y.C. Mott Haven 1909-22. D.D. Univ. Miami 

191 1, Vice Pres. Bd. of Publication, Chairman Evangs. Com., Delegate 

to Federal Council of Chs. of Christ in America, Sec. and Treas. United 

Chapters Phi B. K., 1901 . Editor Phi B. K. Key, 1910 

Publications: Numerous articles in the press. 
Voorhees, Stephen, see Van Voorhees. 
Voorhees, Wm. Brownlee, b. at Readington, N.J., March 10, 1838; R.C. 

60, N.B.S. 63. 1. CI' Philadelphia; Clover Hill, 63-70; Blawenburg, 

1870-92, d. June 13. See Manual, 1902. 
Voorhis, Jacob N., b. 1815 in Bergen Co., N.J.; N.B.S. 1845, 1. by CI. Ber- 

gen, 1845; S.S. Day, 1848-9. Shokan, 1849-51, Greenport, 1851-6, S.S. 

Greenport, 1856-7, Clove, 1857-66, Esopus, 1867-80, w. c. Died, March 

9, 1889. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1889, 917. 
Voskuil, Henry John, b. Cedar Grove, Wis., Feb. 10, 1880; Macalester, Col. 

St. Paul 1904, Ch. Ref. Sem. Grand Rapids and P.S. 1907, 1. by CI. 

Newark, Ch. Ref. Ch. 1907, Ord. by CI. Newark 1907. Missionary to 

China, 1907 

Vredenhurgh, John Shureman, b. Mar. 20, 1776; Q.C. 1794, studied under 

Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1798; Raritan, 1800-21, d. Oct. 4. Elected a 

trustee of Q.C. 1800. 
Among the good men who have served the churches in Somerset County, 
the name of John S. Vredenburgh will always find a record which will be 
savory, affectionate and kind. He was an evangelical and useful preacher, 
and his labors in the end were greatly blessed. He at least sowed the seed 
of a most abundant harvest. — Rev. Dr. Ab. Messier. "Mag. R.D.C.," iv. 
71. "Sprague's Annals," Vol. ix. See also Walsh, "The Martyred Mis- 
sionaries," ix., 107, 201. 
Vroom, Wm. Henry, b. in Somerset Co., N.J.. 184c; R.C. 62, N.B.S. 65, 

1. CI. Raritan; Hoboken, 65-7, Davenport, 67-9 (La Cynge, Kan. 

Presbyt.. 69-74) : Clove, 74-87, Paramus, 1887-1906, P.E. 1906 . 

S.S., Hawthorne, N.J., 1909-14, Acting Cor. Sec, Bd. D.M., 1906-08, 

Trustee Lake George Chapel, Ass. at Sabbath Day Point, 1884, and Pres. 

since 1895. D.D., H.C., 1898. 
PuBLic.'VTioNS : History of Classis of Paramus, 1900. Many articles 
for the press. See Manual, 1902. 



578 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Vrooman, Barent, b. in Schenectady, Dec. 24, 1725; studied with Cor. Van 
Santvoord and T. FreUnghuysen ; University of Utrecht, 1750-2; lie. 
CI. Utrecht. June 7, 1752 ord. CI. Amsterdam, July 3, 1752; New 
Paltz, Shawangunk and Montgomery (Wallkill), 1753-4, Schenectady, 
1754-83, d. Nov. 15. He was one of the original trustees of Q.C. 
also S.S. Fonda 1758-72. 
He was the son of Walter Vrooman, and great-grandson of Hendrik, the 
immigrant. This Hendrik, and two sons, Adam and Bartholomew, with 
the wife and infant son of Adam, were slain and burned at Schenectady, 
Feb. 9, 1690, in the Indian massacre. He went to Holland to complete his 
education. The Classis of Amsterdam had great doubt whether the sign- 
ers of his call to New Paltz had legal right to call him. Nevertheless he 
was ordained with the earnest wish repeatedly expressed in different letters 
that he might be cordially received, and that his ministry might be con- 
ducive to the building up of the kingdom of Christ. His ministry, however, 
in Ulster County was short. In returning from Europe, in company with 
Schuneman and the two Frelinghuysens, Ferdinand and Jacobus, that sad 
event occurred which so greatly influenced the desire for ecclesiastical inde- 
pendence, viz., the death of the Frelinghuysens of small-pox at sea. Vroo- 
man also was attacked, but recovered. This circumstance naturally made 
him a firm friend of the Coetus, and he signed the commission of Freling- 
huysen to go to Europe to collect funds for an American institution of 
learning. During his long and laborious pastorate at Schenectady he re- 
ceived more than 400 members in the church, married 358 couples, and 
performed 3,451 baptisms. See Manual, 1902. 

Vruwink, Henry Andrew, b. Grand Rapids, Mich., April 29, 1886; H.C. 
1910, N.B.S. 1913, 1. by CI. Michigan. Missionary to Indians, Colony 
Okl, 1913-17, Columbia Memorial, Okl. 1914-17, Grand Haven, Mich. 

2d, 1917 

Vyverberg, Henry J., b. Rochester, N.Y., May 25, 1878; R.C. 1901, N.B.S. 
1904, Hurley, N.Y. 1904-11, S.S. Marbletown 2d. 1904-11. Marlboro, 
N.Y. 1912-14. (Congregational). 

Waalkes, A. H., b. German Valley, 111., Feb. 2, 1889; Mission House Col. 
Wis. 1913, W.T.S. 1916, 1. by CI. Pleasant Prairie, 1916, Delaware, 

Lennox, S.D., 1916-18, Belmond, la., Emmanuel, 1918 

Wabeke, Cornelius, b. in Zeeland, Mich., 1854; H.C. 74, H.S. T/, lie. CI. 
Holland; Marion, 77-80, d. Feb. 21. See Sketches in "Ch. Int.," Mar. 
18 and 25, i88c. 
(Wack, Casper, b. 1752; Tohicken, Indian Field, and Great Swamp, Pa., 
1 771 -3, the same Nacomixen, 1773-82, German Valley, Fox Hill, and 
Rockaway, N.J., 1782-1809; also supplied at this time Stillwater, Hard- 
wick and Knowlton, N.J., Germantown and Whitemarsh, Pa., 1809-21, 
Whitemarsh, 21-3, d. 1839. Of these then Ger. Ref. Chs. Fox Hill 
is now Presbyterian, and Rockaway is the Ref. D. Ch. of Lebanon). 
. Some accounts continue him at Lebanon until 1813. 
His father, John George Wack, came to Philadelphia in 1748, from Wit- 
tenberg, his native place. Besides Casper, another son, John Jacob, en- 
tered the ministry, having labored in the Reformed (Dutch) Church at 
Fort Plain. Casper studied under Dr. Weyberg, beginning in his eleventh 
year. His talents were remarkable. He received calls at the early age 
of eighteen (1770), but his licensure and ordination were deferred till the 
Classis in Holland could be consulted. Very favorable reports were sent 
over concerning him. He was invited to visit Europe, without expense, 
but declined. He was very extensively useful in New Jersey (Somerset, 
Morris, and Hunterdon Counties), having a very large field among the 
Germans who had settled there as early as 1707. These people had fled 
from Rhenish Prussia to Holland in 1705, and in 1707 embarked for New 
York. Adverse winds took them to Philadelphia, and in crossing New 



THE MINISTRY 579 

Jersey they were attracted by the beautiful valleys, and settled there. 
Hence Germantown, German Valley, etc. Most of their descendants have 
passed into Presbyterian and Reformed (Dutch) churche.«, since German 
ministers could not be supplied them from Pennsylvania. (See "Minutes 
of CI. New Brunswick," 1813.) He was a man of great physical elasticity 
and agility. He had no taste for speculative theology, but was eminently 
practical. His perceptions were quick, his wit keen, and his conversation 
exceedingly sprightly ; he was resolute, energetic, and persevering. With 
advancing age he would not cease preaching, until infirmities compelled 
him. He was a man of prayer, and had, in all his declining years, full 
assurance of faith. He reached the age of 87. He was a warm patriot in 
the Revolution. (His son, Geo. Wack, spent his whole ministry in G.R.C.) 
— "Harbaugh's Lives," ii. 406. "Dubbs," 32;^. 

Wack, Chs. P. (grandson of Casper Wack) ; b. 1807; N.B.S. 1829; Caroline, 
31, Bellona, 31-5, Lebanon. 35-40, Trenton, ist, 41-4 (G.R.C. ). 45-52, 
d. 1866. 
Publications: Sketches of prominent ministers in R.D.C. MSS. — 
See "Sprague's Annals" R.D.C, p. iv. 

Wack, John J. (brother of Casper Wack), b. in Philadelphia, June 14, 
1774; studied with his brother; (Amwell, N.J., 1798-1803, also supplied 
Knowlton (Stillwater) and Hardwick), 1798-1805, Fort Plain (Cana- 
joharie). and Stone Arabia, 1803-14, suspended, 1816; (independent. 
Canajoharie. and Stone Arabia, 1816-27 ; preached in the independent 
church at Tillaborough for several years ; d. at Ephratah. N.Y., May 
26. 1851). 
He studied theology with his brother Casper, while the latter was settled 
in German Valley, N.J. His churches on the Mohawk were originally Ger- 
man, but were finally brought into the Dutch communion. During his 
chaplaincy in the army of the North, his churches fell into disorder, and 
ultimately he stood as an independent minister, over two churches, on the 
Mohawk. 

He was a man of commanding personal appearance, rather above the or- 
dinary stature, and proportionately heavy and full in his corporeal develop- 
ment. His eye and countenance were expressive of a certain undauntedness 
of character, mingled with much vivacity and humor ; and when he opened 
his mouth to speak, you were not disappointed in these indications. He was 
a ready and fluent speaker in both German and English. He was prompt 
and decided in action, once during the war (of 1812) taking the sword of 
the commanding officer, and compelling the men to obedience, when the 
officer had failed. 

He was remarkably popular and influential, yet somewhat rarely unfortu- 
nate. He became intemperate, and though suspended, continued to exer- 
cise the ministry until his death. His churches refused to have their pul- 
pits declared vacant, received Mr. Wack in their houses, and bade him 
God-speed. He resembled more a bishop in his diocese than an ordinary 
country pastor. He was the last of the ministers of the old Sand Hill 
church of Canajoharie, the church parsonage and glebe having been sold 
to pay claims for salary. — "Harbaugh's Lives," ii. 406. 

Wacker, Geo. Gottfried, b. Newark, N.J., July 4, 1875; Bloomfield Sem. 
98, lie. and ord. by Presbyt. of Newark; Assist, pastor in Ger. ch. 
Ave. B. N.Y.C., 99-1900, . St. Peter's, Brooklyn, 1900-1917, also S.S., 

German Evangelical. Manhattan 1917-1919, Brooklyn. Trinity, 1919 . 

Sec. House of Aged. Chauncey St., Brooklyn, Sec. Orphan Asylum Soc. 
Jamaica, L.L 
Wadsworth, Charles, b. in Litchfield, Ct., May 8, 1814; U.C. 37, P.S. 40; 
(Troy, 2d, Presbyt., 42-50, Philadelphia, Arch St., 50-62, Calvary ch., 
San Francisco, Cal., 62-9); Ref. D. ch., Philadelphia, 69-73; (Im- 
manuel Presbyterian Ch. formed by the attempted union of the 3d 
R.D.C. and the Western Presbyt. Ch., 73-76. The R.D. Ch. being 



580 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

separated by law, the adherents of Dr. Wadsworth were invited by 
the Chnton Ct. Church to worship with them, 76-8 ; their formal union 
took place in 1878, under the name of the Clinton Street Immanuel Ch., 
79-82. Dr. Wadsworth died, 1882, Apr. ist. 
In 1873, during his pastorate of the 3d Reformed Dutch Church in 
Philadelphia (situated on the corner of Tenth and Filbert streets, and 
known as the Bethune Church), that congregation resolved to unite with the 
Western Presbyterian Church, under the name of Immanuel Presbyterian 
Church. This led to a protracted legal contest, 1873-75. It was finally 
decided that the church edifice and other property could not be carried 
into different ecclesiastical connection, but must "remain in fulfillment 
of the trust established by its founders, 'a temple for the worship of 
Almighty God after the order of the Reformed Dutch Church of North 
America.' " It was the effort to carry this church forcibly out of the 
Reformed Dutch denomination, and its acceptance by the Presbytery of 
Philadelphia which was largely responsible for the defeat of the attempt 
at union of the two denominations in 1874. The union tide was then run- 
ning very strong, and the expectation of successfully uniting the two 
bodies was very great. The General Synod met in Poughkeepsie, in 1874, 
and the debate was there carried on. (See speeches in full, in the "Chris- 
tian Intelligencer," June and July, 1874.) Rev. H.D. Ganse's speech for 
union was a remarkable effort, and is worthy of special publication as a 
classic on this subject. Party feeling ran high. It was generally under- 
stood at the time that the report of the efforts made to transfer this 3d 
church, in rather an* arbitrary manner, defeated the effort for the re- 
appointment of the committee to take measures to consummate the union. 
Dr. Wadsworth was an earnest and eloquent preacher, and in his palmy 
days had few equals in the pulpit. He always came to his Sabbath minis- 
trations thoroughly prepared, with his mind and heart deeply imbued with, 
his subject, and his whole soul intent on so presenting the truth as to 
reach the hearts and consciences of his hearers. In later years his de- 
livery was rendered less effective by some partial failure of the vocal 
organs, but his discourses never lost their freshness or vigor. His later 
sermons were characterized by the same beautiful imagery and brilliancy 
of thought that made his ministry so popular a quarter of a century before. 
Dr. Wadsworth was a lineal descendant of Joseph W'adsworth, who 
secreted the Charter of the Connecticut Colony in the famous Charter Oak 
at Hartford.) D.D. by See "Minutes of the Classis of Philadel- 
phia," 1873, onward. "Minutes of Gen. Syn.," 1873, 615, 617, 721, and on-, 
ward for many years. See case of 3d Ref . Ch., Philadelphia ; Master's 
Report and Exceptions; 8vo, pp. 42, 1873. (In Court of Common Pleas; 
in Equity.) 

Publications: "Christian Influence: Grace and Works United." 
1858. — "Mother's Sorrow" : Disc, to Young Men. 1865. — ^"America's Mis- 
sion" : a Thanksgiving Disc. — "Thankfulness and Character" : Two Discs. — 
"Politics in Religion." — Thanksgiving Sermon. 1861. — Ser. on Death of 
Chs. Lyman, Esq. 1848. A volume of Sermons, 1869. 

Wagner, John Martin, b. at Flonheim, in the Palatinate, July 8, 1826, c. 

to America 44, R.C. 53, N.B.S. 56, 1. CI. N.Y., Silver Creek, 111., 56-61. 

S.S. at West Leyden, 62-63, Melrose 63-66, Ger. Evang., Brooklyn, 

E.D., 66-94, d. Jan. 21. 

He was devoted to the evangelization of the German people of Brooklyn. 

See Manual, 1902. 

Wagner, Paul, b. Brooklyn, N.Y., May 6, 1895 ; Bloomfield Academy, 

Bloomfield Sem. 1919, 1. L.I. Conference 1919, (Bapt., Malverne, 

N.Y. 1918-20), Lebanon, N.J. 1920 . 

Wahl, Henry J., b. Frankenberg, Hessen, Germany, Sept. 14, 1875 ; Bloom- 
field Acd. Dept. 1903, Theo. Dept. 1906, 1. by Pres. Newark 1906, 
(Missionary German Pres. Ch., S.I., 1906-08), Raritan, 4th, Ger., N.J., 



THE MINISTRY 581 

1908-18, Flatbush, L.I. 2d. 1918 — — . Instructor Theo. Sem. Bloomfield 
1907-09. 

Walden, Islay (colored), N.B.S. 1879, lie. and ord. by CI. N.B. July i, 
1879; evangeli.st at Lassater Mills, N.C., 79-84, d. See "Ch. Int.," 
Nov. II, 1880, p. 9. 

Waldron, Charles E., b. Nyack, N.Y., March 21, 1872; Wesleyan Univ. 
1902, Ord. by Wyoming Con. M.E. Ch. 1902, (M.E. pastorate 1902-09), 
Brookdale, N.J. 1909-1921. 

Waldron, Chs. Newman, b. Albany, N.Y., Dec. 25, 1821 (?); U.C. 46, 

P.S. 49 (S.S. East Hampton, N.Y., 49) ; ord. CI. Watervliet, Oct. 3, 

1849; Cohoes, 49-79, S.S. Hillsdale, Mich., 79-81. Died at Detroit, 

Mar. 2, .1888. D.D. by U.C. 1871. 

He was a man who made his church grow. See Manual, 1902. 

Publication : Address at Quarter-Century Anniversary of Settlement 

of Dr. I. N. Wyckoff, of Albany. 1862. 

Wales, E. Vine, b. 181 6. Oneida Int. 39, Auburn Sem. 43. From Otsego 
Presbytery, 1859; Spraker's Basin, 59-61; died 1878. 

Wall, John J. (possibly the same as Wack), 1. 1803; Stone Arabia, 1803. 

Wallace, A.V.S. Presbyterian. Greenburgh, N.Y. 1811-18. Presbyterian. 

Wallace, Wm. G. F., b. at Kingstree, S.C., Jan. 22. 1852; Davidson Col. 
1873, N.B.S. 1876, 1. by Presbytery of East Alabama 1875. Presbyterian 
d. June 3, 1901. 

Walser, Oliver Harris, b. Tompkinsville, S.I., 1856; R.C. 75, N.B.S. 78, 
I. CI. N.Y. ; studying theology in Edinburgh, Bonn and Leipzig, 78-81, 
Boonton, 81-2, Prospect Hill, 83-8, Jamaica, 88-90, Cohoes, 1891-1921. 

Also supplying Boght, 1893-1921, Mariner's Harbor, N.Y. 1921 . 

S.C. CI. of Saratoga. D.D. by R.C. 190c. 

Walser, Theodore Demarest (son of Rev. O. H. Walser), b. N.Y.C., Aug. 
3, 1888; U.C. 1910, N.B.S. 1911-12, U.T.S. 1912-14. Ord. by Classis of 
Saratoga 1914, (Pres, Ch. Morristown, N.J., Ass. Pa.stor 1914-16), 
Missionary to Japan, 1916 — — 

Walter, Andrew Judson, b. Warrington, Bucks Co., Pa., Apr. 12, 1869; 
R.C. 97, N.B.S. 1900, 1. CI. N.B. ; Gallatin, N.Y., 1900-1902, Harlingen, 
N.J. 1902-10, Philadelphia, 4th. 1910-12, Addisville, Pa. 1912-20, North 
Hackensack, N.J. 1920 . S.C. CI. Philadelphia 1908-20. 

Walvoord, William C, b. Cedar Grove, Wis., Dec. 27, 1883 ; H.C. 1908, W.T.S. 
191 1, 1. by CI. Wis., Byron Centre, Mich. 1911-14, Hamilton, Mich ist 
1914-1918, Waupun, Wis. 1918-22, Jamestown, Mich. 2d, 1922 

Walz, Ernest L., b. Brooklyn, N.Y. Columbia College, 4 years, U.T.S. 1893- 
97, 1. and ord. by Pres. Elizabeth, N.J., Oct. 6, 1897. (Pres. Riceville, 
N.C. 97-9; City Park Branch, Brooklyn, N.Y. 1899-1900, Sea and Land, 
N.Y. City, 1900-01; Congregational, Plainfield, Vt. 1901-3; Green St., 
San Francisco, Cal. 1903-12; White Plains, N.Y. 12-17; Presbt. Beth- 
lehem Chapel, N.Y. City 1917-22). Brooklyn ist, Asst. 1922 

Publications: Children's Sermons in "Congregationalist." 

Ward, Henry, b. Guilderland Centre, N.Y., April 4, 1838; U.C. 1864, N.B.S. 
1867, 1. CI. Schenectady, New Hackensack, 1867-87, Clostcr, 1887-1909, 
P.E. 1909-1915, d. Sept. 19, Pres. Bd. of Publication 1904. D.D. R.C. 
1906. Min. Gen. Syn. 1916, 930. 

Ward, Lsaac, b. Jersey City, June 10, 1874; N.B.S. in Class 1913, 1. by O. 
South Bergen, Philadelphia 4th 1913-16, Evangelistic work (Presbt. 
1st, Boston 1919 ). 

Ward, John Wm., b. New York City, June 20, 1801 ; C.N.J. '821, P.S. 

1821-3, ord. Presby. Cayuga, Jan. 31, 24; (Union, Broome Co., N.Y. 

(Presb.) 24-31), New Prospect, 32-y, Naponoch, 39-41. Upper Red 

Hook, 41-5, Grecnpoint, 49-54, w. c. Died at Railway, N.J., Sept. 4, 1859. 

His father was Gen. Jasper Ward, from whom Ward's Island in the 

East River takes its name, it having been his property for a time, before 

it was acquired by the City of New York. Mr. Ward was the first Presb. 

pastor of L^nion, it having been a Dutch church since 1794. and was the 



582 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

first church organized through the domestic missionary operations, after 
the Revolution. He became greatly attached to the Dutch Ch. and formed 
warm friendships among its people. He was greatly instrumental in 
building up the Greenpoint church into comparative strength. He was 
dignified in manner, precise in speech, careful in all affairs, and greatly 
beloved by all. After a communion service he was stricken with paralysis 
of the throat ,which disabled him from further service. 
Ward, William Davis (son of Henry Ward), b. New Hackensack, N.Y., 
June 16, 1869; R.C. 90, N.B.S. 93, 1. CI. Bergen; Kiskatom, 1893-1902, 
Oyster Bay, 1902-1908, d. July 12. See Min. Gen. Syn. 1909, 540. 
Waring, Hart, E., b. West Hyde Park, Ulster Co., N.Y., Mar. 12, 1811; 
R.C. 33, N.B.S. 36, 1. CI. Ulster; supplied Berne, 2d, 36-38, and Law- 
yersville, and Cobbleskill, 39-40, Miss, to Grand Rapids, 1840-3, 
(Presbyt.) ; supplied chjarches. Died Ap. 20, 1897. 
He was accepted and ordained as a foreign missionary by the CI. of 
Ulster, but lack of funds prevented his going. He visited churches in the 
interest of missions, and supplied churches during the greater part of his 
life. Meantime, he bought a farm, in 1854, near Grand Rapids, Mich., and 
here he made his home. See "Biog. Notices of Grads. of R.C.," 1897, 7. 
Warner, Alexander H., b. 1803, N.B.S. 32, Clarkstown, 32-7, Hackensack, 
1st, 1837-65, chaplain of State Prison, Trenton, 68-77, w. c. Died 
1882, Aug. 22. See Manual, 1902. 
Warner, Isaac W., b. Brooklyn, Y.C. (?) 52; N.B.S. i860, 1. S. CI. N.Y. 

i860, d. 1883. . 
Warnshuis, Abbe Livingston (son of John Wm. Warnshuis), b. Clymer, 
N.Y., Nov. 22, 1877; H.C. 97, N.B.S. 1900, 1. CI. Grand River; Miss, 
to Amoy, China, 1900-1921, Secretary of International Missionary 

Committee, London, 1921 . D.D., H.C, Vice Pres. Gen. Syn., 1909, 

Acting Foreign Sec. B.F.M. 1920-21, National Evangelistic Sec. China, 
Continuation Com. 1917-21. 
Publications : Several pamphlets and Translations into Chinese. — 
Manual of Amoy Vernacular Revised Edition of Dr. Talmage's Amoy 
Dictionary. 

Warnshuis, Henry W., lie. CI. Cayuga, 1877; Naumberg and New 

Bremen, 77-80, West Leyden, 80, Lennox, Dak. (S.S.) 81-2, Dakota 

and Turner, 82-3, Turner and Centreville, Dak., 85-91, (Presbyt.) 

Warnshuis, John Henry (son of Rev. J. W. Warnshuis), b. Alton, la., April 

20, 1889; H.C. 1910, N.B.S. 1913, 1. by CI. Michigan 1913. Missionary 

to India, 1913 

Publications: Articles in Church papers on Missionary subjects. 
Warnshuis, John Wm., b. Prov. Guelderland, Neths., Nov. 23, 1840; R.C. 
65, N.B.S. 68, lie. and ord. by CI. Geneva; Cleveland, O., 68-71, Marion, 
N.Y., 71-6, Clymer (Abbe ch.) 76-8, Alton, la., 78-87; Passaic (Hoi. 
87), N.Y.C. (Hoi. ch.), 87-8, Alton, la., 88-91, Chicago (Gano ch.), 91-5, 
Grand Rapids, 4th, 95-1900, Kalamazoo, 3d, June, 1900-1901, d. Mar. 6. 
He came to United States with his parents when four years of age. He 
was distinctively a builder of churches during all his pastoral career. He 
was possessed of a magnetic personality, a broad spirit of brotherhood, a 
manner and speech which provoked not only the interest, but the co- 
operation of all with whom he came in contact. This, coupled with a true 
scholarliness, a keen intellect and a profound faith, made him not only a 
leader, but a builder up of both men and churches. He went not where 
ambition, but where opportunity called. As soon as he found his church 
on firm foundations, he would leave it for a weaker one, broken in finances 
or rent with dissension. His career was a series of self-sacrifices and 
successes. He was one of the foremost sympathizers in the cause of the 
Boers in South Africa (1900-1), and was vice-president of the Kalamazoo 
Branch of the Transvaal League. He was a leader in all the great moral 
questions of the day. As a preacher, he was faithful and earnest, holding 
forth in its simple purity, the Word of Life. A man of large capacity, he 



THE MINISTRY 583 

spent himself in the service of others. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1901, 1251. 
— "Biog. Notices, Grads, R.C.," 1901, 13. 

Waters, David, b. at Harland, Scotland, Jan. 18, 1828. Toronto Univer- 
sity, 55-9 ; studied theology in the Divinity Hall of United Presb. Ch. ; 
came to Canada, 1840. (Southampton and Dumblane, 61-3, Port Hope, 
63-8, St. Mary's 68-73, St. David's Ch. at St. John's, N.B., 73-81; all 
in Canada) ; Newark, N.J. (North) 81-93. Died Aug. 4, 1897. LL.B. 
by Univ. Toronto, 1869. D.D. by R.C. 1870. 
In 1840 his father removed from Scotland to Canada, where David 
worked on a farm. Although his schooling had been limited, he was al- 
ways studious. Before entering the university he spent several years in 
teaching. During his ministry in Canada he took an active interest in 
educational matters. He was Superintendent of Schools in Southampton 
and Port Hope, and Inspector of Schools in St. Mary's and at the same 
time a member of the Board of Education of their respective counties. 
For several years he was Secretary of the Home Mission Committee of 
the Canada Presbyterian Church, and during another period Secretary of 
the Committee of Bills and Overtures of the General Assembly of the 
same church. His business aptitude was made available in similar ways 
in the Reformed Church. He was a member of the Councils of the Alli- 
ance of the Reformed Churches at Belfast in 1884, at London, 1888, at 
Toronto, 1892, and at Glasgow, 1896, and was one of the two secretaries 
at Toronto and Glasgow. At the time of his death he was Recording 
Secretay of the Western Section of the Alliance. He also rendered valu- 
able services as a member of the Board of Domestic Missions of the Re- 
foramed Church, and as a member of the Board of Superintendents of the 
New Brunswick Theological Seminary. 

He was a correct and well-read theologian, a distinguished linguist, an 
able preacher, a painstaking and diligent pastor. He was well-read in 
almost every department of literature, and made historical research a 
constant study. He was thoroughly conversant with Church law and the 
business of Church courts, in which he took an active part, and where his 
keen debating powers were often exercised. His contributions to the Pan- 
Presbyterian volumes, to the "Scottish-American Journal," where he fre- 
quently wrote under the name of "Orlig Harland," and other journals, 
stamped him a ready, pungent and most entertaining writer, and indicated 
rare gifts in this department had he seen fit to make it the work of his 
life. All that he did, he did well. See Manual, 1902. 
Waters, S. A. Thomas, Okl., 1908. 

Warren, Ulysses Grant, b. 1872; Syracuse Univ. 1896, Col. Univ., Yale 1899. 
Congregational. Syracuse, N.Y. ist 1916-20. Superintendent Brooklyn 

City Mission 1920 . Congregational 1921. 

Watermulder, Gustavus W. (son of Rev. L. H. Water muelder), b. Sheboy- 
gan, Wis., Oct. 2, 1874; H.C. 97, N.B.S. 1900, 1. CI. Pleasant Prairie, 
Oyster Bay, 190C-1, Fairview, 1902-1903, Grand Rapids, Mich., ist., 
1903-05, Kalamazoo, Mich., 2d, 1905-08, Winnebago Indian Mission, 
1909-11, Winnebago, Neb., 1911-18, also 1920. 
Watermulder, Louis Herman, b. Bunde, Germany, April 6, 1847 ; Mission 
House Col. 1870, Sem. 1872, Ebenezcr Ch., Oregon, 111., 1874-86, 
Forreston, 111. 86-7, Lennox, S.D. 91-4, Forreston, 94-9, Buffalo Centre, 
la. 1899-1913, Baileyville, 111. 1913, S.S. Baileyvillc, 111. 1917-19, d. 
March 3d, 1921. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1921, 637. 
Watkins, John E., b. at Hamptonburgh, Orange Co., N.Y.. 1828; R.C. 57, 
N.B.S. 60, 1. CI. Bergen; sailed for China in the ship "Edwin Forrest" 
in Aiig., i860. She was never heard of again after leaving New York. 
See Manual of 1879. 
Watson, Alexander, b. Sept. 6, 1805; 1. CI. Westchester, 1857; Bible Agent; 
ord. by same Classis, Sept. 6, 1880. Died Oct. 14, 1885. 
For many years he was a colporteur in the worst districts of New York; 
for nearly thirty years a licentiate of the Classis of Westchester. On his 
seventy-fifth birthday he was ordained to the full ministry. 



584 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Watson, Chs. S. S.S., Belmont, 96-7. 

Watson, John, b. near Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland, 1810; c. to Amer- 
ica, 31; R.C. 38, N.B.S. 41, He. CI. N.Y.; Athens, 41-4, Flatbush (Ul- 
ster Co.), 44-7, (Presbyt., Amsterdam and Harlem, Ohio, 1847-50, 
Harlem and Bloomfield, O., 50-64), d. April 22. See Manual of 1879. 

Watson, Robert Anderson, b. Baldeck, Nova Scotia. Dalhousie Col. 1907. 
Pres. Sem., Halifax, N.S., 1910, 1. by Pres. Halifax, 191c. Brooklyn, 
Green Point, Kent St., 1911-17, South Brooklyn, 1917 

Watson, Thos. G., b. Aug. 11, 1836, Geneva, N.Y. ; Hob. C. 57, N.B.S. 61, 
1. CI. Geneva; Cato, 61-2, Cato and Wolcot, 62-5, Cato, 65-9, Brighton 
Heights, 69-71, (Presbyterian). Died Oct. 28, 1900. 

Wauchope, W. C. Columbia Memorial, Okl., 191 0. 

Waugh, Arthur John. Brooklyn, Bethany, 1916-18. Presbyterian. 

Wayenberg, Peter, b. at Nunspect, Neths., Feb. 19, 1856, c. to America in 

his boyhood, H.C. 55, W.S. 88, 1. CI. ; Pultneyville, 88-90, 

Maurice, 90-1893, d. Aug. 5. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1894, 209. 

Wayer, James. H.C. 1901, W.T.S. 1904, 1. by CI. Holland. Holland, Mich., 
Ebenezer, 1914-07, Grand Rapids, Bethany, 1907-19, Holland, Mich., ist, 

1919 • 

Publications : C. E. Topics in Leader, 1913 

Weber, August. Universities of Berlin and Strassburg, Germany. Sem. 
Evangelical, Basel, Switzerland. Ord. Basel, Switzerland 1886. Vicar, 
Kemselz, Alsase, 1886-7, 1. in U.S.A. by Evangelical Synod, German 
Ref. Ch., 1892. (Ger. Ref. Ch., West End, Ind., Taylor, Pa., Warren, 
Pa., Dayton, O.). Hackensack, N.J., 3d, 1912 

Weber, Herman Charles (son of Rev. Jacob Weber), b. Mina, Chautau- 
qua Co., N.Y., 1873; R.C. 95, N.B.S. 98, lie. S. CI. L.I.; West Farms, 
98-1902, assistant. West End Collegiate Ch., N.Y.C., 1902-1906, Brook- 
lyn, Edgewood, 1906-12. (Pres. Brooklyn, City Park Branch, ist, 
1913 )• 

Weber, Jacob. Mina Corners, 1871-4, West Leyden, 74-9, Brooklyn, New. 
79-93. Superintendent of Oiifile Orphanage, East Williamsburgh, L.I., 

93-5, S.S. at Ridgewood, L.I., 95-1897. Ref. Ch. U.S., , 1905, 

Yonkers, N.Y., Miles Square, S.S., 1914-15. 

Webinga, John. U.P. Pres. Ch. Galesburg and Killduff, 1904-06, Koster, 
Wichert, 111., 1906-11, Ada, Mich., S.S., 1911-12, Rehoboth, Lucas, 
Mich., 1912-17, Atwood, Mich., 1917-20, Clifton, N.J., ist Hoi., 1920 

Webster, William Stuart Cross (son of Rev. Webster), b. at Balti- 
more, Md., Sept. 12, 1844, C.N.J. 64, P.S. 69, lie. by Presb. of Luzerne, 
Pa.; (Weatherly, Pa., 72-5, Port Jefferson, 77-85, Islip, N.Y., 85-97, 
all Presbyt.), Bronxville, 1897-1903. Presbyterian, 1904. D.D. 

Weeksteen, Johannes, b. about 1628; matriculated at Leyden University, 

Oct. 10, 1644, aged 16; residence Leiden; no subject of study given. 

Matriculated again at Leyden University, Feb. 27, 1674, aged 30, ? for 

• the study of Theology. No residence given. Kingston, N.Y., 1681-7, 

d. March 17. 
The first allusion to him on the "Mints, of Classis of Amsterdam" is 

on May 5, 1681, when he was received by the Classis as "Recommended" 

for the churches in foreign lands. He was chosen by the Classis to take 

the place of the late Rev. Laurentius Gaasbeek as pastor at Esopus. His 

salary consisted of 600 bushels of wheat and a free dwelling house. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Weidman, Paul, b. 1788. U.C. 1818, N.B.S. 1820, 1. by CI. N.B. Schoharie, 
21-36, Manheim, 37-41, S.S., Schoharie, 1843-4, S.S., Gallupville, 1844, 
Manheim, 1852-60, d. March 25, 1862. 
Publication : Charge to Rev. E. P. Stimpson. "Mag. R.D.C.," iv. 172. 

Weidner, David Crawford, b. West Shokan, N.Y., March 27, 1877. R.C. 
1899, N.B.S. 1902, 1. by CI. N.B. Hagaman, N.Y., 1902-05, S.S., Cranes- 



THE MINISTRY 5^5 

ville, 1903-05, Schuylerville, 1905-13, S.S., Fort Miller, 1910-13, Jersey 
City, 3d, (Park), 1913-15, Glen Rock, N.J., 1915-19, Rochelle Park, 

NJ., 1919 

Weiland, K. B. Pella, 3d, 1860-6, Parkersburg, 80-3, Lennox, Dak., 84-6, 

Classical Missionary, Sheldon, la., 1886. 
Weiss, Edward M., b. Wurtemberg, Germany. N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. Bergen, 

1859; (Paterson, Presbyt., 1859-66). Business, 1866-92, d. May 12. 
Weiss, George Michael, born at Eppingen, in the Palatinate, 1700; matricu- 
lated at Heidelberg University, Oct. 18, 1718, as student of Philosophy; 
ordained at Heidelberg, 1727; arrived in America, Sept. 18, 1727, sent 
out by the Palatinate Consistory; pastor at Philadelphia, Skippack 
and Germantown, Pa., 1727-31 ; (in Holland, ten months, June, 1730- 
April, 1731); Huntersville, Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1731-^; Catskill and 
Coxsackie, N.Y., 1732-36; Burnetsfield (German Flats), N.Y., 1736-42, 
also Herkimer, Rhinebeck, N.Y., 1742-46; Gosenhoppen, Pa., 1746-67, 
died. 
His diploma and appointment by the Palatinate Consistory are dated 
May I, 1727. He sailed from Rotterdam, apparently, without coming into 
communication with the Ecclesiastical Synods or Classes in Holland. Four 
hundred German emigrants came over in the same vessel. Boehm had 
already, before this, viz., in 1725, although unordained, begun to preach 
in Philadelphia ; but Weiss, being an ordained minister, at once installed 
a Consistory in Philadelphia, and celebrated the Lord's Supper. He also 
formally organized the church at Skippack, where Boehm had also offici- 
ated. In 1729 he issued a little book from the press, against a fanatical 
sect called the "New-Born," who were believers in perfection, etc. Dr. 
Jedediah Andrews, the Presbyterian minister of Philadelphia at the time, 
speaks in high praise of him. 

In 1730 he advertised for scholars who wished to be taught Logic, Natural 
Philosophy and Metaphysics ; but before his teaching could have taken very 
definite shape, he went on his mission to Europe, leaving Boehm, who had 
been ordained in 1729 by the Dutch ministers in New York, as the only 
German Reformed minister in Pennsylvania. Weiss accompanied his inti- 
mate friend, Jacob Reifif, an elder from Skippack. The two congregations 
had given authority to Reifif, with the assistance of Weiss, to collect money 
for the two German churches. Reifif acted as treasurer ; and in case Weiss 
did not return, Reifif was to bring another minister back with him. 

Early in 1728 the Palatinate Consistory had requested the Synod of South 
Holland to look after the welfare of the Pennsylvania churches, on account 
of their great poverty. That Consistory naturally turned to that Synod, 
since the German emigrants sailed from Rotterdam, which was within the 
bounds of that Synod. Weiss and Reiff arrived in Holland just in time 
to attend the Synod of Breda, which held its session July 4-14. 1730. This 
circumstance was very favorable to their mission. Upon the representations 
of Weiss and Reifif, the Deputies of that Synod, in conjunction with some 
others, made a Report concerning Pennsylvania, which was at once printed. 
(For full Title, see below). This Report consisted of two parts. I. The 
Report (Berigt) about Pennsylvania; and II. Instructions (Onderrigtinge), 
as to the regulation of the churches there. 

I. The "Report" gives quite an elaborate description of Pennsylvania, 
its climate, products, minerals, wild beasts, and the Indians dwelling there. 
It then refers to its civil history under the Swedes, and the purchase by 
Penn. ; that its population of 30,000 (this is an overestimate for 1730 by 
about one-half ; the Germans of Pennsylvania did not reach that number 
until 1752), half of which were of the Reformed faith, were without re- 
ligious privileges, and many went over to the Quakers. 

It then speaks of the possibility of the conversion of the Indians, and 
suggests that Pennsylvania might yet become an Asylum for the Holland- 
ers, if they should again be subjected to persecutions. It also says that 



586 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

the log church of Skippack ought to be replaced by one of stone, and four 
additional churches ought to be built. 

II. The "Instruction" relates to the proper organization of the German 
churches there. That Dutch Synod of Breda planned large things for the 
Germans of Pennsylvania. It proposed a complete Church-Order like that 
of Holland, looking forward even to the organization of Classes. It de- 
manded subscription to all the Standards of Doctrine of Holland, including 
the Canons of Dort. 

It was under such circumstances and conditions that the Particular 
Synod of South Holland came to take charge of the German churches in 
Pennsylvania. It was the large number of pastorless people of the Re- 
formed faith, which so greatly touched the hearts of the Hollanders. But 
Weiss and Reiff also solicited help in the Synod of North Holland, and 
especially in the Classis of Amsterdam. Here also they were successful, 
receiving considerable sums of money. 

Weiss returned home about May, 1731. He already seems to have had 
some suspicion that Reiff was not dealing honorably with the money. Reiff 
remained in Holland a year longer than Weiss, and was speculating with 
the money. After his return, Weiss soon left Philadelphia, removed to 
the regions of the Germans in Schoharie, and on the Hudson and the 
Mohawk. His going among these Germans as the first Reformed minister 
put an end to the efforts of the Church of England to proselyte these 
Germans. (Haeger, J. F. ; Oehl, J. J.). While in those parts of New 
York, he also did mission work among the Indians, especially on the Mo- 
hawk, even writing a book about them. A long and unpleasant correspon- 
dence now sprung up about the funds in Reiff's hands. Weiss was com- 
pletely exonerated, but the case hung fire for many years, and was only 
very partially settled a score or more years after the collection. 

See Dr. Good's "Earl Fathers of Refd. Ch.," 1897; also his "Hist, of 
Ref. Ch. in U.S.," 134-143, 153-159. See also Manual of 1879. Dr. John 
B. Thompson, when pastor at Catskill, also delivered an historical address, 
haying many allusions to Weiss and his labors on the Hudson. It is a 
point worthy of investigation whether the visit of Weiss to Europe, in 
1730, had anything to do with the coming of Mancius to the Germans in 
1730. There is probably some connection. See also "Smith's Rhinebeck"; 
and Dr. J. B. Drury's "Hist, of Church of Rhinebeck." — Also Prof. Hinke's 
article on Weiss in "Ch. Int.," Nov. 16, 1898. 

Publications : "George Michael Weiss, V.D.M., der in der American- 
ischen Wildniisz unter Menschen von verschiedenen nationen und religionen 
hin und wieder gewandelte und verschiedentlich angefochtene Prediger. 
Abgewahlet und vorgestellet in einem Gespraech mit einem Politico und 
Neugeboren Verschiedene Stiick, insonderheit die Neugeburt betreffende. 
Verfertigt und zu Befoerderung der Ehr Jesu selbst aus Eigener Erfahrung 
an das Licht gebracht. 8vo. Title and Hymn, iii-v. pp. 29. Pubd. by An- 
drew Bradford, Philadelphia, 1729. 

Or; "George Michael Weiss, V.D.M., the minister who had wandered 
among men of various nationalities and religions, and who has been at- 
tacked in divers ways. Depicted and presented in a dialogue, with a polit- 
ical and new-born separatist, treating especially of the New-Birth. Com- 
posed and brought to the Light, out of one's own Experience, for the fur- 
therance of the Honor of Jesus, 8vo. Title and Hymn, pp. iii.-v; pp. 29. 
Pubd. by Andrew Bradford, Philadelphia, 1729." 

Berigt en Onderrigtinge nopens en aan de Colonic en Kerke van Pensyl- 
vanien. Opgestele en Uytgegeven door de Gedeputeerden van E. Christe- 
lyke Synodus van Zuyd-Holland, benevens de Gecommitteerden van de 
Classis van Delft en Delfsland, en Schieland. i8mo. pp. 18. 1731 ; Or, 
"Report and Instruction concerning the Colony and Church of Pennsyl- 
vania, prepared and published by the Deputies of the Rev. Christian Synod 
of South Holland, together with the Committees of the Rev. Classis of 
Delft and Delftland and Schieland." 1731. 



THE MINISTRY 587 

Weiss did not write this Report, but the Deputies wrote it on informa- 
tion given by Weiss. See the points of it, above. A copy of this was 
transcribed, and sent by Prof. Buddingh to Rev. Dr. Thomas De Witt, in 
1850. Dr. Good had photographic copies of the book made in 1898. — Een 
getrouwe beschryving der wilden in Noord Amerika, aengaande hunne 
persoonen, eigenschappen, natien, taelen, naemen, huyzen, Kleedasien, ver- 
zierselen, huywelken, spijs, drank, huysgereedschap, huyshonding, jaegen, 
visschen vechten, superstitie, politique, regeering, neevens andere merkis- 
naedige zaken opgestelt uyteigc crvvarenheit van Georg Michael Weiss, 
V.D.M. Pp. 96^4. Albany, 1741. Or, "A Faithful Description of the In- 
dians in North America ; concerning their persons, qualities, tribes, lan- 
guages, names, house, dress, ornaments, marriages, food, drink, domestic 
implements, housekeeping, hunting, fishing, war, superstitions, political 
government, besides other remarkable matters, composed from personal 
experience," by George Michael Weiss, V.D.M. Pp. 96^. Albany, 1741. — 
This was accompanied by a small painting of Indians, men and women. 
Weissgotten, Z. 1865. 

Welch, Ransom Bethune, b. Greenville, Greene Co., N.Y., Jan. 27, 1824; 
U.C. 46, Andover Sem. 48-50, Auburn Sem. 50-2, lie. by Presbyt. of 
Onondaga, June 12, 1851 ; Gilboa, Dec, 54-6, S.S., Blenheim, 55, Cat- 
skill, 56-9, traveling, 59-60, Albion (a few months), 60, writing, etc., 
60-6, Prof, of Logic, Rhetoric and Eng. Lit. in Union Coll., 66-76 (also 
teaching Metaphysics and Political Economy part of this time). Prof, 
of Christian Theology in Aub. Sem., 76-90), died. D.D. by R.C. and 
U.N.Y., 1868. LL.D. by Maryville Coll., 1872. 
Also one of the editors of "Presbyt. Review," 1881, and subsequently of 
.the "Presbyt. and Reformed Review." 

Induced by his delicate health, he spent a year on horseback in the south, 
especially in Mississippi, as a colporteur of the American Tract Society. 
His sales of books were unprecedented. In his pastoral charges he was 
abundantly successful,' large revivals following his preaching, in Gilboa 
and Catskill. Excessive labors compelled him to take time for rest, and 
he spent nearly a year in travel in Europe, Egypt and Palestine (July 2, 
1858-May 19, i860). He was well equipped to get the most from such a 
tour, as his letters to the "New York Herald" and "Tribune," the "Chris- 
tian Intelligencer," the "Independent," the "Observer," the "Evangelist," 
abundantly testify. His wide scholarship is evident from his list of pub- 
lications. In the Chair of Theology, he aimed at a Christocentric system. 
He encouraged questions from the students. He never treated doubt harshly 
or trivially ; but he sought to train up pastors and preachers rather than 
theologians. He subordinated scholarship to Christian discipleship. Hence, 
his theological teaching was not detrimental to vital piety. 

He represented the Presbyterian Church at the Alliances at Belfast, 1884, 
and at London, 1888. He was a member of the General Assembly's Com- 
mittee to revise the proof-texts of the Confession of Faith; and of the 
Committee on the Organic Unity of the Christian Church. 

Three characteristics, as a teacher, stood out prominently in him. First, 
his earnestness for the truth. Out of this came a second characteristic, a 
conservative caution. Clearly and sharply drawn, in his own thinking, was 
the line between revealed and speculative truth. In regard to the latter, 
he was exceedingly careful. Where a sure word of Scripture was not 
behind him, he was cautiously reticent. Two rea.sons seem to have shut 
out the Socratic method from his class-room. He wished to avoid useless 
discussion, and to place before his students a system of truth in its entirety. 
He was convinced of the ultimate fruitlessness of all merely impulsive 
discussion. The third point was his progressive and charitable spirit. He 
was cautiously progressive. 

He was a gentleman of singular polish and courtesy; a scholar of wide 
and accurate research; a teacher, whose clearness and frankness won, and 



588 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

whose thoroughness stimulated, every pupil ; a preacher of gentle, though 
logical and persuasive eloquence ; a writer of lucid and vigorous style ; a 
theologian of views as broad as they were sound and Scriptural ; a friend 
always thoughtful, self-denying and steadfast; a man of affairs, keenly alive 
to every social and public interest ; a Christian that impressed every ob- 
server as living each hour very near his Lord. 

See Memorial Addresses in "Auburn Daily Advertiser," Nov. 12, 1890. 
Publications: For a list of his numerous publications, see Manual, 1902. 
Welius, Everardus, matriculated at Utrecht University, 1650; ord. by CI. 
Amst., Apr. 10, 1657; New Amstel, 1657-9, d. 
The new colony on the Delaware were at once anxious for a minister. 
On March 19, 1657. the Classis called Welius. His examination was set 
for April 10, when he was also to preach on Ps. 127 :i. ("Mints, of Classis," 
vi. 39-40; xix. 41). 

"A man of piety and learning, whose death was very much deplored." — 
"Spotswood's Hist. Ser."' See Manual, 1902. 

Welles, Theodore Wyckoff (son of Ransford Wells), b. at Newark, N.J., 
May 6, 1839; R.C. 62, N.B.S. 65, 1. CI. Montgomery; Bergen Neck, 
65-73. Freehold (Marlboro), 73-87, Philadelphia, 4th, 87-89, Totowa, 
2d, 1889-1908, emeritus, 1908. D.D., R.C, 1893. Rec. Sec. Bd. Publica- 
tion, 1870-74. Supt. of Public Schools, Bayonne and member Sch. Bd. 
Examiners, Hudson Co.. 66-7. Member Bd. Education, 1890. 
Publications : Volumes. — "Victory Turned to Mourning," Lincoln Mem- 
orial, Jersey City, 1865:. 8vo, pp. 24. — "The Classis of Monmouth; Its 
Members, Its Churches, and Its Work"; Freehold, 1879, 8vo, pp. 30. — 
"The Days of Old : a History of the First Church of Freehold" ; New 
York, 8vo, pp. 96. 1877. — "Faith's Triumph": a Memorial of Jennie 
Schanck, New York, 8vo, pp. 52. 1881. — "Death, What Is It?" Memorial 
of E. V. Hobart, Freehold, 8vo, pp. 14, 1885. — "Ancestral Tablets ; from 
Colonial Times to Present Era," Paterson, 8vo, pp. 382, 1893. — "The Pastor 
and the Church, or John H. Duryea and the 2d Ref. Church of Totowa"; 
New York, 8vo, pp. 172, 1896. Many sermons and articles for the press. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Wells, C. E. Gardiner, N.Y., 1909-13, West Hoboken, N.J., Assistant, 1913- 

16. (Congregational, 1916 ). 

Wells, Cor. L., b. at New Brunswick, N.J., Sept. 16, 1833 (s. of Ransford 
Wells); R.C. 52, N.B.S. 55, 1. CI. Schoharie; Niskayuna and Lisha's 
Kill, 55-58, Jersev Citv, 3d, 1858-62. Flatbush, L.I., 1862-1904, d. Dec. 
12. D.D., R.C, 1878. Pres. Gen. Syn., 1903. 
Dr. Wells came of distinguished ministerial stock and proved his charac- 
ter and ability in his long pastorate over an ancient and influential church. 
But however great were the demands of his own church upon him, he was 
always ready to serve with acceptance in the larger work of the Denomin- 
ation. 

Publications: "Sacrifice of Continual Praise": a Thanksgiving Ser. 
1864.^-Ser. on Death of Louisa D. Garvin. 1865. 
Wells, Ransford, b. at Catskill, Sept. 6, 1805; R.C. 27, N.B.S. 30, 1. CI. 

; Canajoharie, 30-3, Newark. 33-42, Sec. Bd. Missions, 42-4, 

Schoharie, 44-57, Fultonville. 57-68, S.S., Auriesville, 58-60, Stuyvesant 
Falls, 68-71, Brookfield. Ct., 71-5, teaching at Marlboro. 75-6, Cato, 76- 
80, w. c. Died March 4, 1889. D.D. by R.C, 1851. He was Pres. 
Gen. Syn., 1855. 
He was a descendant of the sixth generation of Thomas Welles, a Puri- 
tan, who left his home and estate at Rothwell, Northamptonshire, Eng., 
for conscience sake, and coming to America in 1636, was one of the original 
settlers of Hartford, Ct., and Governor of the province, 1656-8. Dr. Wells 
was also a descendant, through his mother, Mary Allaben, of John Bouton, 
of Danbury, Ct., a French Huguenot, who fled to America in 1633. The 
labors of Dr. Wells were arduous and eventful. While he did not hesitate 



THE MINISTRY 589 

to serve in any field, however limited, his ministry was successfully exer- 
cised in founding and establishing the two important churches of Canajo- 
harie, N.Y., and the First Church of Newark, NJ. The memory of his 
pastorate at Newark is perpetuated by a memorial window, affectionately 
placed by his old parishioners in their house of worship. He fur- 
ther wrought for missions by serving efiiciently as secretary for two 
years, 1842-44. Nor was his zeal for godly service limited to the organi- 
zation and establishment of churches. He spent also a part of his life in 
promoting instruction in sound learning, and honored his advanced years 
by visiting charitable institutions and private homes. 

See Manual, 1902. 

Welmers, Thomas E., b. Sept. 12, 1874, Grand Rapids, Mich. H.C. 1903, 

P.S. 1906, 1. by CI. Mich., 1906. Ord. by CI. la., 191 1. Teaching 

Northwestern Acd,. 1908-10. Principal Northwestern Academy, 1910- 

20. Also engaged in missionary work under Classis of Iowa, 191 1-20. 

Greek professor, Hope College, 1920 . S.C, CI. la. and East Sioux 

and of P.S., la. 
Wemple, Jeremiah V., b. Dec. 3, 1868, Duanesburgh, N.Y. U.C. 1892, 
U.T.S. 1895, 1. by CI. of Schenectady 1895. (Pres.. Ballston Center, 
N.Y., 1896-1904, Albany, 6th, 1904-11). Saugerties, N.Y., 1911-21. 
Wenisch, John, 1. S. CI. N.Y., i860; Newtown, 2d, and Astoria (Ger.), 
65-6, Newark, West (Ger.), 67-74, Newtown, 2d, 74-8; died Aug. 18, 
1885. 
Werring (or Wernich), John Aemilius. Stone Arabia, 1752. Ecc. Rec, 

N.Y. 
Wernecke, Herbert Henry, b. July 24, 1895, Timothy, Wis. Milwaukee 
State Normal School, Mission House Col., 1917. W.T.S. 1920, 1. by 

CI. P.P., 1920. Baileyville, la., 1920 

Wesselink, John, b. July 28, 1875, Sioux Centre, la. H.C. 1901, Univ. Chi- 
cago, W.T.S. 190S, 1. by CI. la., 1905. North Holland, Mich., 1905- 
10, Maurice, la., 1910-13, Pella, la., ist, 1913 . Instructor, North- 
western Academy, 1901-02. Sec. Ex. Com., Central College, 1916. 
Publications : Articles in church papers. 
Wessels, Peter Alonzo, b. Cherry Valley, N.Y., Feb. 12, 1841 ; Wms. Coll.; 
Drew Sem., 76-8, Aub. Sem., 78-9, lie. by Henry Presbyt., Neb., 80, ord. 
by Nebraska City Presbyt., 80 (Home Missionary work at Hansen, 
Neb., and Nemaha City, 79-81, under Presbyt. Board) ; Columbia, 
82-4, Neperan, 84-7, Gilboa, 87-90, also S.S., Prattsville, 87-9, S.S., 
Grand Gorge, 88-9, Princetown, 90-3, Raritan, 111., 93-4, Wynantskill, 
94-7, South Glens Falls, 97-9, S.S., Auriesville, 1906-09. 
West, Jacob, b. Middleburgh, N.Y., Sept. 18, 1818; R.C. 42, N.B.S. 45, I. 
CI. Albany; Middleburgh, 45-52, Piermont, ist, 52-5, East Brooklyn, 
55-68, Cor. Sec. Bd. Dom. Miss., 68-88. Honorary Secretary, 88-90, 
d. Jan. 22. D.D. by R.C. 1870. 
He was one of the most open-hearted and unaffected of men. He pos- 
sessed telling characteristics which go to make up a well-rounded man- 
hood and an attractive Christian minister. One was sti'rling honest w Busi- 
ness integrity and fidelity to friendship were part of his being. He was 
entirely unselfish; he never seemed to think of himself. Hs ruing ques- 
ton always was— What is right? Another trait was fidelity in his zvork. 
When the Domestic Board was struggling with difficulties his spirit vitally 
identified itself with its experiences and carried its sufferings ; and when 
relief came, entered into its joys. Whatever he undertook had his whole 
heart. He was faithful — always and everywhere. Another trait was his 
cordiality of manner. He always had a bright look and cheery words for 
every one. Strangely enough, this trait was emphasized at his funeral by 
every speaker. He was a light in the home, in the church, in the place 
of business. His cordial words and ways made his ofiice, as Secretary of 
Domestic Missions, an attractive place to visit. Still another trait was his 



590 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

youthful spirit among the young. He was always a welcome guest to young 
people and children. He grew old gracefully. He was, however, always a 
man of hard work, and this told on the ultimate progress of the church. See 
"Mints Gen. Syn.," 1890, 193. — "Biog. Notices of Grads., R.C.," 1890, 17. 
Westbrook, Cor. D., b. at Rochester, N.Y., May, 1782; U.C. 1801, studied 
under John B. Romeyn, 1. CI. Albany, 1804; tutor in U.C, 1803-5; Fish- 
kill, 1806-30, Ed. "Christian Intelligencer," 1830-3, Rector of Gr. School 
at N.B., 1833-6, Cortlandtown, 1836-50, d. 1858. Elected a trustee of 
R.C., 1829. D.D. by R.C., 1829. 
He was descended on his paternal side from the Puritans, and on the 
maternal from the Huguenots. His father served his country in the Revo- 
lution. His mother died, leaving him a frail infant, the object of constant 
solicitude. 

The distinguishing feature of his mind was its originality. There was a 
freshness, a sort of childlike wonder in his mind, in viewing a subject. He 
viewed it as if he had never been told how it appeared to others. Nor did 
he much regard the impression it had made on others, in forming his own 
opinions of it. He cared little for the authority of great names. He was 
a bold thinker, and his views on many mooted questions, and on prophecy, 
of which he was an enthusiastic student, were often striking and highly 
original. He also possessed a remarkable quickness of mental capacity — 
both quickness of apprehension and conclusion. His judgment was instan- 
taneous, and he would leap into the middle of a subject to approve or con- 
demn, almost before the statement of it was concluded. His mind was 
capable of great concentration and intense action. He was capable of con- 
ducting a connected and logical argument, but he was not fond of it. He 
would not submit to the restraint of rigid and fixed rules in anything. 
His arguments, though striking and convincing, were seldom strictly de- 
ductive. They did not gradually accumulate strength, but fell in successive 
and rapid blows. 

In character he was notably disinterested — one of the most unselfish of 
men. He would sacrifice his time, comfort, and means, for the sake of 
serving a friend. There was no calculation in his friendships, but they 
were led by the native sympathies of his generous soul, and were really 
prized by him as a means of advancing the interests and happiness of 
others. 

See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : Art. in "Sprague's Annals" on Rev. H. Schoonmaker. — 
Editorials in "Ch. Int.," 1830-3. 

Westerfield, Wm., Jr., b. N.Y.C., Aug. 21, 1844; Coll. C.N.Y., 64, U.S. 68: 
student at Halle and Tiibingen, Ger., 68-9, ord. Cong., Oct. 10, 1871 ; 
(Morrisania, N.Y., 71-4) ; in Europe, 75, Jersey City, 76-85, Hamilton 
Grange, N.Y.C., 89-90, w. c. Name removed from roll, 1905. 
Westerlo, Eilardus (s. of Rev. Isaac Westerlo, pastor at Groningen), b. at 
Groningen, Holland, 1738; matriculated at Groningen University, Oct. 
11, 1754, for study of Theology; residence Denekamp Transisalanus ; 
lie. 1760; Albany, 1760-90, d. Dec. 26. Also supplied, quarterly, 
Schaghticoke. His maternal grandfather was Rev. Eilardus Reimers, 
pastor of Dalen, in Drenthe, Holland, after whom he was named. 
He had just been licensed in Holland, when a call arrived from the church 
of Albany. He sustained a high character for early attainments and fair 
promise. He was accordingly selected for this important field, second only 
to New York, though only twenty-two years of age. He at once gained 
the character of an accomplished gentleman, a good scholar, and a sedulous 
student. His preaching was characterized by careful preparation and able 
exposition. But while his ability and the soundness of his views were con- 
fessed, the more pious part of the church felt it desirable that a more direct, 
practical, and experimental character might be given to it. A little praying 
band carried him and his ministry to a throne of grace (1768). Soon after, 



THE MINISTRY 591 

his mind became deeply impressed with a sense of the responsibility of his 
ministerial office, and with a conflict as to his spiritual state. He then 
sought free and intimate intercourse with this band, and, in the result, the 
light and power of the gospel penetrated his soul more clearly and precious- 
ly. His preaching still exhibited the same thorough preparation and intel- 
lectual vigor, but became more distinguished by spiritual unction, and dis- 
criminating application of divine truth to the various classes of hearers. 
Thus while his preaching attracted and gratified the more cultivated of his 
hearers, he became more and more the favorite of plain and experienced 
Christians. The influence of his ministry gradually increased nad diffused. 
The neighboring churches sought his counsel and services, and were crowned 
with bles.sings. He was wise in council, and conciliating and peaceful in 
his spirit and course. In the Coetus and Conferentie strife his influence was 
to soothe and heal. He arrived at the hottest period of the strife, and 
gained the respect and confidence of both parties, though known to be 
favorable to the Coetus. In the Revolution he espoused the principles of 
the Whigs, and boldly avowed them and consistently adhered to them. He 
married the widow of Patroon Stephen Van Rensselear, and left several 
children, but there are no descendants of the name of Westerlo. 

In 1777, when Burgoyne with his hostile army was moving toward Al- 
bany from the north, amid the general terror that prevailed among the 
friends of liberty, he appeared calm and serene. He prudently conducted 
his family to a place of safety, but returned to Albany himself, directed 
the doors of his church to be opened, where prayers were offered in behalf 
of his country's cause, while he exhorted the remaining members. This 
was continued till Burgoyne with his army became prisoners of war. He 
was assisted in these services by Dr. Livingston, who was his brother-in- 
law. In 1782, when General Washington visited Albany, he delivered the 
address of welcome. He began to preach in English in 1782. He derived 
much pleasure from an extensive correspondence with several eminent 
ministers of his own and of other denominations. Among these were 
Livingston, Laidlie, Meyer, Rodgers, Mason and Stiles. The latter was 
the president of Yale College, and well known as an antiquary and scholar 
of various learning. He corresponded with him in Latin, and even occa- 
sionally in Hebrew. Dr. Stiles came to Albany to visit him once, but Dr. 
Westerlo was in New York, and these great men never met each other. 
Dr. Stiles said of him that he wrote Latin in greater purity than any man 
he had ever known. In few men did greater and more amiable qualities 
unite. 

His last sickness affected his mind and rendered him melancholy for a 
while, but his mind became again serene, and he was cheerful and happy. 
A little before his death his house was filled with his people, who came 
from all parts of the city to see him, and he left them with his blessing, 
in such a solemn manner that it was thought that he did as much good in his 
death as in his life. See "Dr. Rogers' Historical Discourse." "Mag. 
R.D.C." ii. 15, 347. "Sprague's Annals." "Munsell's Annals," i. 118, 121. 

Publications: Autobiography, containing many references to the cir- 
cumstances of the times, 1761-90. MSS. — "A Greek Lexicon." MSS. — 
"A Hebrew Lexicon." MSS. — Translation from the Dutch of Alberthoma's 
Catechism, 1790. 2d ed. 1805. 

Westervelt, John P., b. at Paramus, N.J., Nov. 7, 1816; R.C. (1837), teach- 
ing in Lafayette Academy, Hackensack, 1838, teaching in private and in 
female seminaries in N.Y.C. and Brooklyn, 1839-44; studied theology 
under Rev. Albert Amerman, lie. by CI. Union (T.R.D.C), 1845 
(Johnstown and Mayfield, Independent, 1845-55) ; (Presbyterian). S.S. 
at Ephratah, 1858-9, d. 1879, Jan. 15. 

His health failing he was obliged to relinquish the pastorate. He then 
devoted himself to study and became a distinguished linguist. See Manual, 
1902. 



592 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Publications : Translation from the Dutch of Van der Palm's Life and 
Sermons. 1865. — Contributions to the "Princeton Rev.," as follows: Ar- 
ticle on Van der Palm, 1861 ; on Bilderdijk, 1862; on Strauss and Schleier- 
macher, 1866. Also several articles in "McCintock's Cyc." 
Westervelt, Ralph A., b. 1777 (son-in-law of S. Froeligh), studied under 
his father-in-law, 1. CI. Paramus, 1801 ; Rochester, Wawarsing, 1802-8, 
and Clove, 1807-8, Bethlehem and Coeymans, 1808-15, Wynantskill, 
1815-23, d. Apr. 12, while preparing to secede. 
Westervelt, Sam. D. N.Y.U. 1839, 1. by Seceders, 1839; New York, 1839- 

50, became a Presbyt. Sketch in "McClintock's and Strong's Cyc." 
Westervelt, Theodore R., b. Teaneck, N.J., Aug. 18, 1880. In class 1909, 

R.C., N.B.S. 1910. Missionary African Inland Mission, 1910. 
Westfall, Benj. B., b. at Claverack, 1798; U.C. 1823, N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. N.B. 
1826; Miss .at Sand Beach, 1827-8, Rochester and Clove, 1828-34, 
Rochester, 1834-8, Stone Arabia and Ephratah, 1838-44, d. 
He had a deep religious experience. This made him eminent as an evan- 
gelist although in theology he was a rigid Calvinist. See Manual, 1902. 
Westfall, Simon V. E., b. at Rhinebeck, 1802; R.C. 1831, N.B.S. 1834, I. Q. 
Rensselaer, 1834, Hyde Park, 1834-7, Union and Salem, 1837-47, Miss, 
in Illinois, 1847-8, Pekin, 1849-53, Vanderveer, 1853, Pekin, 1853-6, d. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Westing, Evert, b. Dec. 20, 1839, Bierum, Neth. Holland Academy. U.P. 
Sem., Monmouth, 111. (Summitsville, U.P. Ch.), Bethel, la., Otley, 
la., 1882-86, Bella, Neb., Rotterdam, Kan., 1894-1896, emeritus, 1898- 
1909, d. June 7. Min. Gen. Syn., 1910, 833. 
Westveer, Adrian, b. in Holland, Nov. 2, 1840; R.C. 65, N.B.S. 68, 1. CI. 
Holland; Westerlo, 68-9, Clarksville, 69-71, Clymer Village, 71-2, Wilt- 
wyck, 72-4, Shokan, 74-6, Berea, 82-7, Stanton, 87-90, S.S. in Presbyt. 
ch., 90-2, Wyckoff, 1892-1904, Stanton, N.J., 1904-09, New Salem and 
Clarksville, 1909-11, Pottersville, 1911-17, d. June 30. See Min. Gen. 
Syn., 1918, 596. 
Wettstein, Adalbert Q. 1. by Presbytery of Newark, 1918. Far Rockaway, 

N.Y., 1918-1920, Hoboken, N.J., German Evangelical, 1921 

Weyberg, Casparus Diederus. Easton, Pa., Ap.-Oct., 1763, Philadelphia, 
1763-90, d. 
He was a Swiss by birth, and after being educated in Europe, came as a 
minister to this country, about 1763. He left Easton so soon on account of 
the large size of the circuit. But in Philadelphia he found sad feuds in 
the congregation. The previous pastorates had been brief. The church 
was the reproach of the world. But with his arrival peace and prosperity 
began. He was a warm patriot and defender of the cause of liberty in the 
Revolutionary struggle. He became a chaplain in the army. When the 
British held Philadelphia, he preached to the Hessian troops, and boldly 
vindicated the American cause. He denounced the wickedness of the op- 
pressors. Not a few of the Hessian troops deserted the British flag, through 
his preaching. He was cast into prison, and his church was used as a hos- 
pital. 

He was remarkable for his calm determination. He took an independent 
course in his ministry, not caring for the judgment of men. He was an 
earnest preacher, though with an impediment in his voice. 
Weyberg, Philip. In Pennsylvania, 176 — 17 — . One of the original trus- 
tees of Q.C., 1770. 
Wheaton, see Lyman-Wheaton. 

Whistler, George H. Candidate, Classis of Newark, 1913. Not ordained. 
Whitacre, H. W. Tulsa, Okl., 1908. 

Whitbeck, Andrew, studied under Livingston? 1. 1803 (?) 
Whitbeck, John, b. Nov. 12, 1812, in Coxsackie, N.Y. ; R.C. ZJ^, N.B.S. 40, 
1. CI. N.B., Waterford, 41-8, S.S., Henderson, 49-50, Arcadia, 50-52, 
Caroline, 52-68, w. c. Died Oct. 12, 1888. See "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 
1889, 914. "Biog. Notices of Grads., R.C," 1889, 15. 



THE MINISTRY 593 

Whitbeck, Richard M., b. Livingston, N.Y., March 7, 1838. R.C. 1859, 
N.B.S. 62, 1. CI. N.B.; Mapletown and Currytown (and S.S., Buel, 
Presbyt.), 1863-4, Tyre, 1865-8. School Commissioner, ist District, 
Columbia Co., N.Y., 1876-9. 

White, Benjamin Franklin, b. Paterson, N.J., April 7, 1873. In Class 1901, 
R.C, N.B.S. 1904, 1. by CI. Passaic. Three Bridges, N.J., 1904-10, 
Germantown, N.Y., 1910 

White. Erskine Norman, b. N.Y.C., May 31, 1833; Y.C. 54. U.T.S. 57, 
lie. Presbyt. N.Y., 57; stud. Halle, Ger., 57-8; ord. by Classis N.Y., 
June 9, 59; Richmond, S.I., 59-62, New Rochelle (Presb.), 62-8, Buf- 
falo, Westminster Ch., 68-74, West 23d St., N.Y.C., 74-86; Cor. Sec. 
Bd. Ch. Erection, U.S.A., 1886. D.D. by U.N.Y., 1874. 
Publications : "Personal Influence of Lincoln," 1865. — "Hist. 33rd St» 

Ch., N.Y.C.," 1876.— 50th Anniversary of same, 1884.— "Why Infants Are 

Baptized," 1900. 

White, Geo. W.C. 1861, Aub. S. 1864, lie. Presbyt. Cayuga, 1863; Schagh- 
ticoke. 1864-9, d. 1870. 

Whitehead, Chas.. b. i8gi ; D.C. 1823, N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 
1826 (Batavia, Presb., 1827-8) ; Hopewell. 1828-35, Somerville, 2d, 
1835-9 (Fishkill, Presbt., 1840-2), Walden, 1842-9, Houston St., N.Y.C.. 
1849, Poughkeepsie. 2d, 1849-52, Washington Heights, 1853-61, Chap- 
lain in City Hospital, 1861-73. d. 
A true "Son of Consolation." See Manual, 1902. 

Whitehead, John E.. b. N.Y.C., Nov. 13, 1823. R.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1844-5. 
U.S. 1845. M.D., Col. P. and S., 1864. Teacher, d. Feb. 22, 1892. 

Whitehead. Joseph Henry, b. N.Y.C., Oct. 18, 1847; W.C. 69, U.S. -^^i, 
lie. Presb. N.Y. ; Pompton Plains, 72-84 (ist Presb., East Orange, N.J., 
84-6). Passaic, North, 1886-1905, Wortendyke. N.J.. Trinity. 1905-18. 
P.Em., 1918-20, d. Oct. 21. Member of Bd. of F.M., 1890-1920. Sec. 
of Bd. of F.M., 1905-1920. 
He was a preacher of iftiusual force. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1921, dj^z. 
Publications: "Hist, of the North Church of Passaic," in "Hist, of 

Classis of Paramus." 

Whitehurst, Jacob, b. in Cheshire, Eng., 1839; Brooklyn Lay Coll.. April, 
75; lie. CI. L.I.; ord. ditto, TJ ; Miss, pastor of Bethany Chapel, Brook- 
lyn. 77-81. 

Whiting. — . Princetown, 18 — 1822? became a Baptist. 

Whitney, William W., b. 1832. In M.E. Church until 1886. Ephratah, N.Y., 
1885-8. Linlithgo, N.Y.. 1889-93, North Blenheim, N.Y., 1896-99, S.S., 
Dashville Falls and Ghent. 1901, Cuddebackville, N.Y., 1901-10, d. May 
22). Min. Gen. Syn., 1910. 833. 

Whittaker. Chs. H. Lower Walpeck. 1893-1900. 

Wichers, John W., b. Zeeland, Mich.. March 11, 1888. H.C. 1910, P.S. 1914, 
1. by CI. Holland. Post Graduate, Edinburgh University, 1914-15, d. 
April 9, 1918. Min. Gen. Syn.. 1918. 600. 

Wick. Robert Kerr, b. Grove City. Pa., Dec. 9, 1861 ; Westminster Col., 
Pa.. 1882; U.T.S. 1883-6; ord. by Presb. Rochester, Sept. 30, 1886 
(Pre.sbyt.. Sparta, N.Y., 1886-90) ; Jersey City. Wayne St, 1890-99, 
Jamaica, 1899 

Wiersma, Fcdde M.. b. Aug. 16. 1866, Hallum. Neth. H.C. 1899, W.T.S. 
1902, 1. by CI. Wis. Rehoboth, Lucas, Mich., 1903-05, Rotterdam, Kan., 
1906-08. Pella, Neb., 1908-11, Sodus, N.Y.. 1911-13, Classical Mission- 
ary, South Blendon, Mich., 1913-21. Harlem, Mich.. 1921 

Wiersum. Harry J., b. Chicago, July 16, 1874. H.C. 1896, P.S. 99. lie. and 
ord. by CI. of Iowa, Sept., 99; Missionary in Arabia, 1899-1901, d. Aug. 
4. Min. Gen. Sj'n., 1902, 213. 

Wiggins, Ebenezer, b. 1813. U.N.Y. 1834, tutor in R.C. in Anc. Langs., 
1836, N.B.S. 1837. 1. C!.. 1837; Totowa. 1837-56. Manhattan, N.Y.C., 
1857-70, d. 1878. D.D. 



594 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Wightman, John C, b. Portadown, Ireland. Ulster National College, 
Moody's Schools, Andover Sem., 1. by Cong. Ministerial Ass., Frank- 
lin Co., Mass., 1896. (Cong., Wendell Moores' Corner, Leverett, South 
Williamstown, Mass). Linlithgo at Livingston, N.Y., 1904-11, Roches- 
ter, Accord, N.Y., 1911-14. (Hampshire Co., Mass. Pastor at large of 
Congregational Chs., 1914 ). 

Wilber, Francis Edmond, b. New Brunswick, N.J., Dec. 9, 1884. R.C. 
1905, Hartford Sem. 1908-10, N.B.S. 191 1, ord. by CI. N.B. 191 1. Mis- 
sionary under International Y.M.C.A., North China, 1911-17, Y.M.C.A. 
War Work, 1917-19, Presbyterian Labor Temple, N.Y.C., 1919-20. 
(Cong., Bound Brook, N.J., 1921 ). 

Wilcox, A. J. S.S., Cicero, N.Y., 1892. 

Wilcox, Wm. W., b. Dec. 9, 1867, Craigsville. N.Y. Syracuse Univ. and 
N.Y. Univ. 1894. M.E. Conference Course of Study, 1. by Central N.Y. 
Conference M.E. Ch. 1892. M.E. pastorates — Entered Ref. Ch., 1916. 
Editor and Publisher, Walden Citizens' Herald, 1913-18, Army Y.M.C.A. 
District Director and Camp Gen. Sec, 1918-20. 

Wiley, Chs., b. May 30, 1810, C.C. and C.N. J., 1825, 30-1, Aub. Sem., 35-6, 
New Haven Sem.; ord. by Northampton Council, Nov. 8, ij (North- 
ampton, Mass., 37-45) ; Utica, 45-55, Pres. of Milwaukee University, 
55-7, Lafayette, Ind., 58-9, Birmingham, Ct., 59, Geneva, N.Y., 59-65, 
teaching in private school, Hackensack, 66-71, died Dec. 21, 1878. D.D. 
Publications: Edited "Ordo Series of the Classics"; "Caesar's Com- 
mentaries," 1873, "Cicero's Orations," "Virgil's ^nid," 1874 (Holt & Co.). 

— "Principles of Love* to God," 1850. — "Ten Reasons Why I Am Not a 

Churchman," 1864. — Addresses, 1852; one commem. of Hon. Edward Ever- 
ett, 1865. 

Wiley, Edward C, b. Dorset, Vt., June 11, 1858; Wms. Col. 81, Aub. Sem. 
89, ord. by Presbyt. Geneva, May 14, 89 (settlements in Presbyt. ch.) ; 
Fort Miller, S.S., 1900-2. 

Wilkinson, A. J. Timmonsville, S.C., 1912 

Will, Peter (London, Eng.. 17 — 1802), Ger. Ref., N.Y.C., 1802-4, returned 
to Europe. 

Willets, Alphonso A. From M.E. Church 1849; Philadelphia, ist, 1849-60, 
Brooklyn, 1860-5, Lee Avenue. Brooklyn, 1865-6 (Arch St., Philadel- 
phia, Presbyt.). 

Williams, David F., b. Baltimore, Md., Feb. 4, 1854. From Methodists; 
ord. by CI. N.B. 1884, N.B.S. 86, New Salem, N.Y., 86-87, S.S., Kiska- 
tom, 87-8; Livingston at Linlithgo. 97-8, S.S., Ephratah, 1904. Pres- 
byterian Home Missionary, Black Hills, S.D., d. Feb. 25, 1915. Min. 
Gen. Syn., 191 5, 605. 

Williams, Melanchton B., C.N.J. 1814; Lysander, 34-7. 

Williams, Richard R., b. Waterford, Ireland, Sept. 19, 1843; U.S. 70, ord. 
CI. Montgomery, 70; Canajoharie. 70-83, engaged in editorial work, 
1883-1915, d. Sept. 30. 
For many years he was editor of the Iron Age, and superintendent of the 

S.S. of the Classon Ave. Pres. Ch., Brooklyn. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1916, 

933- 

Williams, Robt. George, b. Festiniog, N. Wales, G.B., July 13, 1838; C.N.J. 
.70, P.S. 72)', ord. CI. N.B., Jan. 21, 74; Griggstown, N.J., 74-7 
(Presbyt.). See "Princeton Sem. Cat." 

Williamson, George R., b. at Caldwell, N.Y., 1823; R.C. 40, N.B.S. 43, 1. 
CI. N.Y. ; Ghent, 2d, 44-8, Newark, 2d, 48-9, Amity, 49-52, died Septem- 
ber 4, caused by explosion of boiler on steamboat Reindeer. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Publications: "The Gathered Flower." "Memoir of Rev. David Abeel." 

1848. See "Princeton Review," xx. 309. 

Williamson, J. F., b. Sidney, N.J., April 7, 1856. Laf. Col. 1878, U.S. 1881. 
(Pres., Glen Cove, L.I., 1881-7, Kingston, ist, 1887-99). Annandale, 
N.J., 1902-03, d. Dec. 4. Min. Gen. Syn., 1904, 844. 



THE MINISTRY 595 

Williamson, N. DuBois (grandson of Rev. W. R. Smith), b. at Flagtown, 
N.J.. Dec. 2, 1819; R.C. 40, N.B.S. 43, He and ord. CI. Philadelphia; 
Pekin, 43-8, Cicero, 49-50, Chatham, 50-1, Glenville, 2d, 51-5, Wawar- 
sing, 55-61, Pekin (S.S.), 61-2, Chicago, Livingston Ch., 62-5, Havana, 
65-6, Sab. School Miss, in Chicago, 66-70, Norris, 111., 70-2, South Bend, 
Ind., 1872-96, d. Sept. 12. Also Western Miss, of R.C.A.. 1871. 
Although long troubled with ill health, with great devotion to his Master's 
cause he performed the service of a robust man. See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Reminiscences of Dr. Peter Labagh." In "Todd's 
Memoir of Labagh." — Scr. on Death of Rev. Geo. R. Williamson. In 
"Cypress Wreath." — Mem. Ser. of Prof. Benjamin Wilcox, the successful' 
Christian Teacher, South Bend. 1875. — "God's Highway for our Church."' 
1875. — Sermon at funeral of Hon. Schuyler Colfax, 1888. Many contribu- 
tions to the press. 

Williamson, Peter S. C.N.J. 1824, N.B.S. 1834, 1- CI. Philadelphia, 1834; 
Rockaway, 1835-9, Brooklyn, 4th (WallalDout), 1841-2, teaching at 
Schodack Academy. 1843, at Belleville, 1843-6, at Jamaica, 1846-52, at 
San Francisco, 1852-80, d. 
William.son, Wm. Hall, b. Flagtown, N.J., Apr. 26, 1855; R.C. yz, N.B.S. 
81, 1. CI. N.B. ; Annandale, 81-3, Tappan, 83-9, Irving Park, Chicago, 
89-92, Grand Rapids, i.st, 92-9, Philadelphia, 2nd, 1899-1905, d. April 22. 
Min. Gen. Syn., 1905, 287. 
Willis, Ralph, b. in London, England, Aug. 16, 1815. Came to America, 
1830; R.C. 39, N.B.S. 42, lie. CI. Philadelphia; Bethlehem. 42-51, Free- 
hold, 1st (Marlboro), 51-68, Spotswood, 68-80, Rector of Hertzog 
Hall, New Brunswick Seminary, 80-8; died March 16, 1895. 
He was a good man, very useful in each of his pastorates, especially at 
Spotswood. While there he became Superintendent of Schools for Middle- 
sex County, which office he held with eminent success for twenty years. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: "Recollections of Dr. W. H. Campbell"; in "Memorial," 
81. 

Willoughby. Henry Clifford, b. Newark, N.J., Mar. 6, 1866; N.B.S. 96, 
1. CI. Newark; Philadelphia (Talmage Memorial), 1896-1903, Fort 

Plain, N.Y., 1904-16, Schenectady, N.Y., Woodlawn, 1916 

Wilson, Ab. D., b. at Amwell, N.J., Nov. 15, 1789; Q.C. 181 1, N.B.S. 15, 

1. CI. N.B.; New Prospect and Shawangunk, 16-29, North Branch, 

31-8, Miss, to Illinois, 38-41, Fairview, 41-56, w. c. Died July 21, 1876. 

He visited Fairview, 111., in 1837, but did not finally locate there until 

September, 1838. He will ever be known and esteemed in our church as the 

"father of Western missions. Parishioners and friends from New Jersey 

began to locate in Central Illinois ; he cast in his lot among them, and for 

more than twenty years ministered more or less to the spiritual wants of the 

settlements. Hence the Classis of Illinois, and the strong mother church of 

Fairview. See Manual, 1902. 

Wilson, Chs. W. (nephew of E. Nevius), b. at Ovid, N.Y., 1826; R.C. 61, 

N.B.S. 63, 1. Cl. Geneva; Miss, at Kewaskum, 1864-7. at Two Rivers, 

1867-77, d- Jan. 21. See "Manual of 1879." 

Wil.son, Ferdinand Schenck, b. at Millstone, N.J., Sept. 2d, 1864; R.C. 

88, N.B.S. 91, 1. Cl. N.B.; Pompton, N.J., 1891-1902, Bayonne, N.J., 

5th St., 1902-20, Paterson, N.J., Church of the Covenant, 1920 . 

Pres. Bd. of Publication and Bible School Work. 
Wilson, Fred. F., b. Somerset Co., N.J., 1830; R.C. 59, N.B.S. 62, 1. Cl. 
Raritan ; Glenville, 2d, 64-70, Mohawk, 70-2, Cato, N.Y., 72-3, Boonton, 
1873-6, A.sbury Park, 76-8, Wilcox, Pa., 78-9, Cold Spring. 86-7, sup- 
plied various churches, 1879-90, d. Oct. 16, 1910. Min. Gtn. S3T1., 
1911, 268. 
Publications: "Semi-Centennial of Ref. Ch., Glenville." 1868. — "Hist, 
of 25 Yrs. at Asbury Park, N.J.," 1902. 



596 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Wilson, Hugh Nesbit, b. at Elizabeth, NJ., May 7, 1813; C.NJ. 30, P.S. 
34, lie. Presbyt. Elizabeth, Apr. 23, and ord. by same at Evang., Oct. 7, 
35; (Southampton, L.I., 35-52, Hackettstown, N.J., 52-8) ; New Bruns- 
wick, 2d, 58-62; (S.S., Southampton, L.I., 63-7), died 1878. June 4. 
Director of Princeton Sem., 1851-8. See "Manual of 1879." D.D. by 
U.V., 1852. 

Wilson, James B., b. near Somerville, N.J., 1824; R.C. 48, N.B.S. 51, 1. 
CI. N.B. ; Long Branch, 51-78, Long Branch, 2d, 78-80, Jericho, L.I., 
80-82, Bloomingburgh, N.Y., 82-1886, d. Mar. 22. 
He was the founder of four churches at Long Branch, N.J., and vicinity. 

He was the founder and Father of the Reformed Ch. at Asbury Park, 

N.J., where so many sessions of our General Synod have been held since 

1890. 
Publications: "A Remembrance of the Past"; a Decennial Sermon, 

1861. — Hist. Ser. at Bloomingburgh, N.Y., 1820-85. 

Wilson, Joseph, b. 1797; C.N.J. ; N.B.S. 1821, 1. CI. N.B. 21; (Middletown 
and Cantivell's Bridge, Presbyt. of New Castle, 22-30, Greenbush Vil- 
lage, Presbyt., 30-2), Westerlo, 32-4, Athens, 34-6, Principal of Pough- 
keepsie Female Inst., 36-8, Fairfield and Little Falls, 38-45, Tarry- 
town, 45-9, Fairfield, 49-73, w. c, died 1878, May i. 
His ministry was blessed by several revivals of religion, the greatest of 

which was at Fairfield, N.J., during the awakening of 1857-8, when nearly 

every adult in his congregation, who was not previously a member, was 

brought into the communion of his church. 

Mr. Wilson was a genial, modest, quiet, retiring man, a consistent Chris- 
tian, a faithful minister, an instructive preacher and sympathizing pastor, 

and everywhere he was the "man of God." See Manual of 1879. 
Publications: "Selfishness and its Remedy." 

Wilson, Peter Q. (brother of Fred. F. Wilson), b. 1831, at Roycefield, N.J. ; 
R.C. 58, N.B.S. 61, 1. CI. Raritan ; Greenbush, 1861-6, ( Spencertown, 
N.Y., Presbyt., 1866 — ), S.S., Guttenberg, 1875, S.S., Ponds, 1877-9, 
S.S., Blue Mountain, 79-82, S.S., Ephratah, 82-5, S.S., Cranesville, 86-7, 
w. c. Died Feb. 26, 1902. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1902, 215. 
Publications : Hist. Discourse at Ponds, 170th Anniversary of Ch. 

1880.— "Hist. Ch. Ephratah, N.Y." 1885.— "Life of Rev. Sumner Mande- 

ville, of Masonville, N.Y." 

Winant, Walter, b. Jersey City, N.J., May 17, 1865; R.C; N.B.S. 92, 1. 
CI. Paramus ; Berea, N.Y., 92-4, Coxsackie, ist, 94-1897. Retired be- 
cause of ill health. Business. 

Windemuth, George, Melrose, 1870-6, Hackensack, 3rd, 77-1880. 

Winfield, Aaron B., b. at Montague, N.J., Dec. 13, 1815. R.C. 1839, N.B.S. 
1842, 1. CI. Orange, 1842; (Friendsville, Pa.. Presbyt.), 1842-4. Sand 
Beach, 1844-51, Paramus, 1851-6. emeritus, d. Nov. 17. 
See Manual of 1879; also "Hist. Classis of Paramus," 1902. 
Publications : Ser. at the Funerals of J. G. S. and G. W. S. Van Nest, 

and Mrs. P. Wyckoff, murdered by W. Freeman, near Auburn. 1846. — 

"Christian Baptism." 1849. — "Antidote to Universalism." 1850. — "Safety 

and Sure Defense of Zion." With a History of R.D.C. Paramus. 1853. 

Winne, John E., b. Castleton, N.Y., Nov. 13, 1861. U.C. 1888, N.B.S. 91, 1. 
CI. Rensselaer; ord. as a Home Missionary by CI. Ulster, 91; Wilt- 
wyck, (Kingston), 1891-1902, Kiskatom, 1907-09, Helderberg (Guilder- 
land Center), 1909-11, Cortland, N.Y., S.S., 191 1. Presbyterian, 1913. 

Winter. Egbert, b. in Neths., Jan. 5, 1836; R.C. 60, N.B.S. di. 1. CI. Holland, 
Cuddebackville, 63-6, Bella, ist, 66-84, Grand Rapids, 2d, 84-95, Prof. 
Did. and Pol. Theology, Western Th. Sem., 1895-1904, d. Dec. 2, 1906. 
D.D. by Heidelberg IJniv. and H.C.. 1890. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1907, 
918. 
Dr. Winter was faithful as a pastor and during the many years he was 

connected with the western institutions of the Reformed Church, he dis- 



THE MINISTRY 597 

charged all his duties well. Nor did his interest ever cease, nor did he 

limit himself to spoken word but used his pen for the advancement of 

Christ's Kingdom. 

Publications: "What is Inspiration?" an Answer to Dr. John De 

Witt's Book on Inspiration. 1894. Many articles in the press. 

Winter, Jerry P., b. Holland, Mich., Nov. 20, 1869; H.C. 91; W.T.S. 94, 
1. by CI. Holland; Manito and Spring Lake, 111., 94-7, South Bend, 
Ind., 97-99, Orange City, la., 1899-1909, S.S., Sandham, 1902, Sandham, 

1908, Clinton, Okl.. 1909-11, Fairview, 111., 191 1 . Member Council 

H.C. Bd. Supt. W.T.S. 
Publications: Articles for the Leader, etc. 

Winter, Jurry E., b. Holland, Mich., April 9, i873- H.C. 1898, W.T.S. 
1901, 1. by CI. Holland. Monroe, S.D., 1901-05, Sioux Falls, 1905-08, 
Monroe, S.D., 1908-10, Maurice, la., 2d, 1911-12, d. Jan. 10, 1914. Min. 
Gen. Syn., 1914, 254. 

Wirth, Albert E., b. Germany. Bloomfield Acd. 1887, and Sem. 1890, 1. by 
Pres. Hudson. (Ger. Pres., Nyack, 1890-92, Elizabeth, N.J., ist Ger., 

1892-6, Cincinnati, ist Ger., 1906-18). N.Y.C., 4th German, 1919 . 

Editor Deutscher Evangelist, 1895-1899. 

Wiseman, John, from Ind. Ch., England, 1851 ; S.S., Stone House Plains, 
51-2. 

Wolfe, Geo. L., b. at Lewes, Del., 1837; Danville Sem., Ky., 59-61, P.S. 
61-2, lie. Presb. Lewes, 61; ord. CI. Bergen, y},; Jersey City (Central 
Av.). 74-5; to Presbvt. West Hanover, Va., 1877. See "P. Sem. Gen. 
Cat." 

Wolfe, W., came from Germany, 1853 ; S.S., Jefifersonville, 53-4, Naumberg 
and New Bremen, 56-60, Miss, to Hackensack, 3d, 62, Warren and 
Plainfield. 65-6. 

Wolff, Chs. H. H., b. in Holland about 1840; Amsterdam Gymnasium; 
Aub. S. 1870; ord. by Presbyt. Auburn; Miss, and teaching at Yoko- 
hama, Feb., 1871-2, Dec.; teaching at Hirosaki, in the north of Niphon, 
Dec, 1872-3, Dec. ; at Nagasaki, Feb., 1874-5, when his relations to the 
For. Miss. Bd. of R.C.A. ceased; Government Schools in Japan, 1875- 
82. Name removed from roll, 1905. 

Wolterink, John, b. Overisel, Mich., April 21, 1884 . H.C. 1909, W.T.S. 1912, 
1. by CI. Holland. Clymer Hill, N.Y., 1912-14, Marion, N.Y., 2d, 1914- 
21, Baldwin, Wis., 1921- 

Wolvius, Wm., b. Niezyl. Neth., Feb. 19, 1866. Calvin Col. 1893, W.T.S. 
1896, 1. by CI. Holland, East Overysel, 96-8, Boyden, 1898-1903, Holland, 
Mich., 4th, 1903-07, Fulton, 111., ist, 1907-11, Graafschap, Mich., 1911-15, 
Randolph, Wis., 2d, 1915-18, Kalamazoo, Mich., 3d, 1918 

Wood, Alphonso, b. at Chesterfield, N.H., 1810; Dartmouth Col. 34, A.S. ; 

lie. Sullivan Assoc, N.H., Cong., yj; joined CI. Westchester, 70, never 

ordained. Instructor in Kimball Union Academy, N.H., 34-49. Prof. 

and Pres. Ohio Female College, 52-60 ; supplied churches occasionally. 

Publications: "Class-Book of Botany." i2mo, pp. 645. Boston, 1845. 

— "First Lessons in Botany." i6mo, pp. 255. Boston, 1848. — -"New Class- 

Book of Botany." 8vo, pp. 869. New York, i860. — "Object Lessons in 

Botany. " i2mo, pp. 346. New York, 1863. — "American Botanist and Flor- 
ist." i2mo, pp. 620. New York, 1870. — "Plant Record." 8vo, pp. 170. New 

York. 1877. 

Wood. Chs. Wiltshire, b. Green Bay, Wis., 1836; Rochester Univ. 64, P.S. 
67; (S.S., Oakf^eld. N.Y.) ; New Lotts. 74-7. Cherry Hill, N.J., (S.S.), 
77-8, S.S., Leeds, 1878-9. See "P. Sem. Gen. Cat." 

Wood, Clinton T., in CI. of N.Y. 1898, with address Wellington, South 
Africa. Dismissed to Dutch Reformed Church, South Africa, 1904. 

Wood, Joel. Fort Miller, 1840-5. Had been a missionary to the Indians. 

Woodbridge, Samuel Merrill, b. Greenfield, Mass., Ap. 5, 1819; N.Y.U. 
38, N.B.S. 41, 1. CI. N.Y. ; South Brooklyn, 41-50, Coxsackie, 2d, 50-3, 



598 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

New Brunswick, 2d, 53-7, Prof, of Ecc. Hist, and Ch. Govt, in N.B. 
Sem., 1857-1901, Prof. Emeritus, 1901-1905, d. June 24. D.D. by R.C., 
1857 and U.C, 1858. LL.D. by R.C., 1883. Also Professor of Meta- 
physics and the Philosophy of the Human Mind in Rutgers College, 

57-64. 
See "Life of Rev. John Woodbridge, D.D.," (uncle of S. M. Wood- 
bridge), for a history of the family, in which there have been eleven gen- 
erations of ministers in regular succession, beginning with Rev. John 
Woodbridge, born in England, 1493, a follower of Wyckliffe. 

To few of his servants does God grant a larger opportunity of usefulness 
and very few are they who use their opportunities so well as Dr. Wood- 
bridge. In the pastorate he was a prophet and in the professor's chair he 
was unique. His strong personality made dry subjects to glow with life. 
He was very tirm in the faith but his loving heart made him kindly even 
toward those whose opinion he considered dangerous. See Min. Gen. Syn., 
1906, 609. 

Publications : "Principles of Our Government." A Thanksgiving Disc. 
1853. In "New Brunswick Fredonian." — Sermon on Human Government. 
1856. — Inaugural Disc, as Professor Ecc. Hist. In "Christian Intelli- 
gencer." Dec. 1857. — "On the Family." In "Nat. Preacher." — "Power of 
the Bible." Before Aux. Bib. Soc, N.B. 1865. — Address at 150th Anniver- 
sary of 1st R.D.C., New Brunswick. 1867. See "Steele's Hist. Disc." — 
Address at Centennial of North R.D.C., N.Y.C. 1869. — Disc, on Benevo- 
lence. Before Gen. Synod at Albany. In "Ch. Int." June, 1871. — "Analysis 
of Theology." 1872-5. Second ed. 1882. — "Faith: Its True Position in the 
Life of Man." 1875. — "Manual of Church History." 1895. — "Text-Book of 
Church Government." 18-.. . — "Historical Theology": An Address at Cen- 
tennial of N.B.S. 1884. — "Recollections of Dr. William H. Campbell": in 
"Memorial," iS. — Address at 40th Anniversary of his professorship. 1897. 
Woodhull, Selah Strong, b. in N.Y.C, Aug. 4, 1786; C.C. and Y.C., 1802, 

studied under his uncle. Dr. Woodhull, of Freehold, and at P.S.; 1. 

Presbyt. N.B. 1805; (Bound Brook, Presbyt.), 1805-6, Brooklyn, 1806- 

25, Prof. Ecc. Hist, in N.B.S. and of Metaphysics and Philosophy of 

Human Mind in R.C., 1825-6, d. Elected a trustee of R.C., 1825. D.D. 

by U.C. 1822. 
He was the impersonification of activity, decision, energy, and perse- 
vering industry ; you could see all this in his very expression and manner. 
His motto seemed to be onward and onward still further, upward and up- 
ward still higher. He seemed to say in his every movement, life admits 
not of amusement, or of procrastination, or even of useless speculation. 
He was everywhere the thorough man of business, the thoroughly practical 
man. It is said of him that, even when leaving his home for recreation, 
he provided himself with texts, pens, ink, and paper, that he might spend 
some of his time in the composition of sermons, and be beforehand with 
his work. His remarks to the students when meeting them for the first 
time after his inauguration as professor in the theological seminary, throw 
light upon his character, "Young gentlemen, you must expect, while under 
my charge, to study hard, and I will set you an example." The example 
was before them but a short time. The professor of much promise and 
lofty aspirations was very soon laid low by disease, resulting in death. The 
church expected much from him, and on good grounds ; but God had or- 
dered it otherwise. Had he been permitted to live and to retain his health, 
he would have effected much. — Rev. Dr. G. Ludlow. — "Mag. R.D.C.," i. 
140, 233, 265, 269. — "Evang. Quarterly," ii. 114. — "Sprague's Annals." — 
"Centennial of N.B. Sem.," 435. 
Woods, John. Gibbonsville, 1835-6, Montville, 1838, S.S. at Preakness, 

Dec, 1842-June, 1843. 
Woolsey, A. B. New Concord, 1898. 



THE MINISTRY 599 

Wormser, Andrew, b. at Nyverdale, Neths., 1846; H.C. 72, H.S. 75. lie. 
CI Holland, Bethel, Iowa, 75-8, Cleveland, 78-81, Cedar Grove, Wis, 
81-7, Grand Haven, ist, 87-90, S.S., Wormser City, Mont., 1891. Dutch 
consul and promoter of Dutch settlements, d. 1914- See Mm. Gen. 

Wormser, Wi'Uem. Central Univ., la., 1879, N.B.S. 1882, 1. CI. N.B.; 
Passaic (Hoi.), 1882-4, S.S., Bethel (near Pella), 84-6, Jamestown, 84-9. 

WorraU, Henry Rufus Lantford, M.D., b. N.Y.C., Jan. 28, 1862; R.C. 
84, Dartmouth Med. Coll. 93, He by Methodist Epis. Ch. 1894 ; Mission- 
ary, Busrah, Arabia, 1894-1917, practicing medicine, Pulaski, Pa., 

Worthington, William A., b. Poplar Grove, 111., May 30, 1877. In class 
1909 RC, N.B.S. 1909, 1. by CI. Monmouth. Missionary to Kentucky, 

1909^ . ' Annville, Gray Haw, etc. Supt. Educational Work of Ref. 

Ch. in Mountain of Kentucky. ^r r. o ^ 1 

Wortman, Denis, b. Ap. 30, 1835, Hopewell, N.Y. ; A.C. 57, N.B.S. 60, 1. 
CI Poughkeepsie ; South Bushwick, 60-3, Philadelphia, 3d, 63-5, Schen- 
ectady, I St, 65-70, supplying churches, 70-80, Fort Plain, 80-83, Sauger- 
ties 83-1901 Secretary for Ministerial Relief, 1901-18. Trustee of 
Union College. 1883-1901. D.D., U.C, 1870. L.H.D., U.C, 1904. Pres. 
Gen. Svn., 1901. ^. x^. . t^ • 1 

Publications: Reliques of the Christ, 1888. The Divine Processional, 
1903 Many articles, sermons, addresses, poems, etc. See Manual, 1902 
Wouters. Alexander, b. Antwerp, Belgium, Dec. 24, 1869. Ham. Col. 1893, 
Aub. Sem. 1897, 1. by Pres. of St. Lawrence 1893. (Wyandotte, Pres. 
Ch., 1897-1900, Syracuse, Memorial Pres., 1900-1910). Brooklyn, Wil- 

liamsburgh, 191C-16. Brooklyn, Edgewood, 1916 . Pres. Presbytenal 

Union Syracuse and Onondaga Co. Lecturer, Dept. Education, N.Y.C. 
Civilian Naval Chaplain. Brooklyn, 1917-18. Lyceum Lecturer. 
Wright, Chs. S., b. in Ntsw Utrecht, June 29, 1844. R.C. 1873, N.B.S. 76, 
lie. S. CI. L.I.; Flatbush Mission, 77-83, Jersey City Heights, 1883- 
1909, w. c. ,. ^ . 

Wright. Frank Hall (Indian), b. Old Boggy Depot, Indian Territory, 
Jan I i860; U.C. 82; U.T.S. 82-5; ord. by Presb. of Ind. Ter., Aug. 
23, 85; (missionary at Old Boggy Depot, Ind. Ter., 85-90, evangelist 
in N.Y. and N.J.. 90-2, Ind. Ter., 92-3) ; in Harlem, N.Y.C, having 
joined Refd. Ch. in Am., 94-5. Miss, to Blanket Indians, Oklahoma Ter., 

1895 . D.D. by Westminster Col. 1917. 

Publication : Doubtful Things and How to Settle Them. 
Wright, Roscoe C. b. Central Bridge. N.Y., 1872. Pennsylvania Col. 1895, 
Hartwick Sem. 1897; ord. by Hartwick Synod, 1897. (Pres., West 
Camp, 1897-99, Rhinebeck, 1899-1907, Amsterdam, 1907-11, Highland, 

1911-13, Millerton, 1913-18). Chatham, N.Y., 1918 

Wubbena. Albert, b. Shannon, 111. H.C. 1904, W.T.S. 1907, 1- by CI. Pleas- 
ant Prairie. Chancellor, S.D., 1907-15. Bristow, la.. 1915-20, also Fair- 
view, la.. 1918-20, Peoria, 111., 1920 t /- i,r r 

Wurts, John Conrad (formerlv spelled Wirtz), (s. of Rev. J. C. Wurts, ot 
Zurich. Switzerland). Sancon. and Springfield, Pa., 1746-49; Rocka- 
way and Vallev, N.J., 1750-62. York, Pa., 1762-63. Died. 
Born in Zurich. Switzerland, 1706, he, when a young man, was an oflficer 
in the armv of the King of the Netherlands. Later he practiced law at 
Zurich. With a large band of Switzers and Palatines, he came to Amer- 
ica in 1735, and settled in Pennsylvania, where, unlicensed, he preached to 
the people, at their earnest solicitation, that they might not be altogether 
without the word of life. He frankly stated the circumstances to Schlatter, 
and asked for a regular induction to the ministry, for which his studies 
and experience had fitted him. This he failed to obtain from Schlatter. 



600 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Later, in 1752, the Presbytery of New Brunswick ordained him over the 
Church of Rockaway, which had sought their care and government. He 
was dismissed from the Rockaway Church, in 1762, that he might accept a 
call to York, Pa. Here his ministry was short, for he died in 1763. In 
York, his last settlement, tradition has preserved his name in good savor, 
as an earnest and pious minister. At the laying of the cornerstone of his 
new church, at York, he said, "In the church now to be erected, may piety 
preside, holiness reign, truth ever prevail, love and harmony dwell, that the 
congregation may uninterruptedly flourish." — "Harbaugh's Lives and Rev. 
W. A. Wurts." 

Wurts, Wm. A., b. at Louisville, Ky., Oct. 15, 1838; Lafayette Col. 1859, 
N.B.S. 62, 1. CI. Philadelphia; Canastota, 63-8, (Vernon Presbyt., S.S., 
68-71) ; Lysander, 71-6; S.S., Canastota, 77-8, Woodstock, 82-6, Berne 
and Beaverdam, 86-93, Hagaman, 93-1901, Sharon, N.Y., 1902-09, 
S.S., Lawyersville, 1910-12. 
Wust, W. C, from Holland; Buffalo, (Hoi.), 1855-6, Rochester, 56-64, 
Lodi, (Holl.). N.J., 64-8, suspended, (Lodi, N.J., independent, 68-78, 
ret. to Holland). 
Wyberg, see Weyberg. 

Wyckoff, Abram Nevius. b. at Bedminster, N.J., 1844; R.C. 62, N.B.S. 67, 
1. CI. Raritan ; Glenham, 67-71, in Europe, 71-74, Centennial Chapel of 
1st R.D.C., Brooklyn, 75-79, (New Orleans, Canal St., Presbyt., 1879- 
83). w. c. Died May 10, 1895. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Wyckoff, Ab. V., b. in New Brunswick, 1823; R.C. 42, N.B.S. 45, 1. CI. 
N.B. ; Prattsville, 46-51, Greenburgh, 51-2, died Oct. 20. 
Publication : "Sketch of Rev. F. B. Thompson," with portrait. 1853. 
Wyckoff, Albert Clark, b. Germantown, N.Y., Oct. 2"^, 1874. U.C. 1897, 
U.S. 1900, 1. by Pres. North River, 1900. (Pres., Valatie, N.Y., 1900- 

06). Castleton. N.Y., 1906-09, Spring Valley, N.Y., 1909 

Publications : Many articles for the press. The Science of Prayer, 1918. 
Wyckoff. Benj. V. D., b. at Middlebush, N.J., June i, 1856; R.C. 75, N.B.S. 

78, lie. CI. N.B.; Preakness, 1878-84, Readington, 1884 . S.C. and 

T. CI. Raritan, 1895-1921. S.C. and T. P.S. N.B., 1914 

Publication : Historical Discourse at 175th Anniv. of Readington 
Church, 1894. 

Wyckoff, Charles Sterling, b. West Troy, N.Y., March 20, 1866; R.C. 
88, N.B.S. 91, lie. N. CI. L.I. ; Manito and Spring Lake, 91-4, student 
Yale Sem., 1894-7. S. Philadelphia, 97-8, S. West Troy. 98-9, Grace 
Chapel, Flatbush, L.I., 1900-1903. Pastor of same as Grace Ref. Ch., 

1903-10. Congregationalist, 1913 

Wyckoff. Cor., b. in Readington, N.J., 1810; R.C. 35, N.B.S. 38, 1. CI. 
Philadelphia; Northumberland, 38-41, Rochester, 41-65, High Bridge, 
66-9, d. at New Brunswick. May. 1870. See Manual of 1879. 
^^'yckoff. Cornelius Emerick (s. of Rev. De Witt B. Wyckoff), b. at Wood- 
. stock, N.Y., July 28. 1866; R.C. (left on account of illness) ; N.B.S. 91, 
1. CI. Rensselaer; Castleton, N.Y., 91-3, Bethany Chapel, Brooklyn, 93- 
7. Irvington, N.J., 97-1901, Ap. 11, d. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Wyckoff. De Witt Bevier (s. of Cor. Wyckoff), b. at Rochester, Ulster 
Co., N.Y., Nov. 17. 1842; R.C. 62, N.B.S. 65, 1. CI. Kingston; Wood- 
stock. 65-70, Gallatin, 70-80, Hurley, 80-87. Ghent, ist, 87-1894. Died 
Oct. 15. 1895. 
He joined the church at 11 years of age. and at once had the ministry 
in view. He was an earnest minister of Christ, and adorned his religion 
by a pure and holy spirit. All his relations in life were influenced by the 
indwelling Christ. His ministry was earnest and consecrated. "Mints. 
Gen. Syn.." 1896, 491. — "Biog. Notices of Grads. R.C," 1896, 22. 
Wyckoff. Garret, b. Roycefield, N.J., Aug. 13, 1855; R.C. 81. N.B.S. 84, 



THE MINISTRY 6oi 

1. CI. Passaic; Annandale, NJ., 84-6, Currytown, N.Y., 86-7, Metuchen, 
N.J., 87-94, Holmdel, N.J., 1894-1909, S.S., Annandale, N.J., 191 1, S.S., 
Flatbush, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1913-16, S.S., First Pres., Red Bank, d. 
April 8. 1921. Ph.D., Taylor Univ., 1900. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1921,641. 
Wyckoff, Henry V. (brother of I. N. Wyckoff), b. near Millstone, N.J., 
1771 ; studied under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y., 1798; Charleston, 1799- 
1803? Charleston, 2d, 1803-20, suspended; 1822, seceded; Charleston, 
2d, Sec. 22-9, Charleston Independent. 29-1830, d. 1835, March 6. 
See Manual, 1902. 

Publication : Reason for withdrawing from Reformed Dutch Church. 
1820. 

Wyckoff, Isaac N., b. near Millstone, N.J., 1792; R.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1817, 

1. CI. N.B. 1817; Leeds, 1818-33, Catskill, 1833-6, Albany, 2d, 1836-66, 

d. 1869. March 29. Elected a trustee of R.C, 1851. D.D. by U.C, 1838, 

by R.C. 1839. 

Dr. Wyckoff was one of the most successful ministers of his day. He was 

a man whose piety flowed up from his heart through all his life and glorified 

the whole. Hence as pastor, preacher and minister of the Reformed Church 

he was eminent. See Manual, 1902. 

PuBLUATioxs : He published a number of memorial sermons, addresses, 
etc. 

Wyckoff, Jacob Snediker. b. July 22, 1834, at New Lots, L.I., R.C. 53, 
N.B.S. 56, lie. S. CI. L.I. ; Colt's Neck, 56-65, West Troy, South, 65-70, 
w. c. Died July 30, 1883. 
Wyckoff, Jas., b. Lodi, N.Y., Jan. 16, 1839; R.C. 61, N.B.S. 64, 1. CI. 
Geneva; Queens, 64-71, Bushnell, 71-4, Germantown, 75-83, (Pine 
Plains. (Presbyt.), 83-96; Leonia (Chr. Refd. Ch.), 96-9, Leonia, 
(Presbyt.), 1899- 1905), d. Jan. 3. 
Publications: Sermon on Life and Character of Rev. Geo. De Witt 
Bodine.— Two Sermons and two Addresses in "Banner of Truth." — "Our 
Sons in the Ministry," in ''Ovid Independent." — Contributions to papers. 
Wykoff, John Henry, b. Roycefield, Somerset Co., N.J., Sept. 28, 1851 ; 
R.C. 71. N.B.S. 74, lie. CI. N.B.; Missionary to India, 1875-86, (Home 
Missionary Presbyterian Church, Orange Road, Florida, 87-8), Claver- 
ack, N.Y., 89-92, Missionary to India, 1892-1915, d. April 29. Profes- 
sor Theological Seminarv, Arcot, 1899-1915. D.D. by H.C 1892, by 
R.C. 1899. 
Dr. Wyckoff was a constructive missionary statesman. He did much to 
establish the Church of Christ in India. Min. Gen. Syn., 1915, 607. 

Publications: Sketch of the Arcot Miss, in English, 1885; Tamil, 
1901. — Sundry Letters to Papers and Magazines: — In "Harvest Field," 
Mysore, India: (i) "Co-operation in Mission Work," 1894. (2) "De- 
velopment of the Native Pastorate." June. 1895. (3) "The Kudumi." Nov. 
and Dec, 1897. (4) "Discipline in the Native Church," Nov., 1900. (5) 
"Harvest Festivals," June, 1901. 

Editor, "Mongola Vasanam," 1895-1901, an Anglo-Tamil Paper published 
by the Arcot Mission. Since 1900 the joint organ of the Church of Scot- 
land, the Free Church of Scotland, and the Arcot Mission. 

Sermons. — "Blessings of the Hard Times." In "Hudson (N.Y.), Re- 
publican." Alar.. 1891. — "Sketch of Rev. Richard Sluyter." Claverack, 1890. 
— Sermons in Tamil, published in the "Tamil Homiletical Magazine" and 
the "Mongola Vasanam." 

Wyckoff. Theodore F. (son of I. N. Wyckoff) ; b. at Catskill, 1820; R.C. 
39, N.B.S. 42, 1. CI. Albany; Ghent, 2d, 43-4, South West Troy, 45-54. 
St. Thomas, W.I., 54-5, d. Jan. 19. See "Manual of 1879." 
Wynkoop. Jefferson, (brother of Richard Wynkoop), b. N.Y.C, Sept. 11, 
1801 ; C.C and U.C. 19, N.B.S. 24, 1. CI. N.B.; West New Hempstead 
and Ramapo, 25-36, Athens, 38-42, (Gilbertsville, Delhi, and Cuba, N.Y., 
Presbyt., 42-54), Sec. of Society for Ameliorating the Condition of the 
Jews. Died Aug. 21, 1855. 



602 THE REFORMED CHURCtI IN AMERICA 

Mr. Wynkoop was much interested in the early development of the tem- 
perance cause. He was also an ardent revivalist and his eflforts to save 
souls led to a physical break-down which compelled him to retire from the 
pastorate. See Manual, 1902. 

Wynkoop, Peter Silvester, b. at Kingston, March 28, 1787 ; U.C. 1807, 
N.B.S. 13, 1. CI. N.B. ; assistant of Vredenburgh, at Raritan, 13-14, Cat- 
skill, 14-17, Hyde Park (Staatsburgh), 17-20, Hyde Park and Pleasant 
Plain, 20-2, Ghent and Hillsdale, 23-40, Ghent and Claverack, 2d, 40-3, 
Ghent, 43-4, Blooming Grove, 44-8, d. Nov. i. 
He practiced law for a time but soon turned aside to the ministry. He 
was very conscientious and his walk was close with God. Hence his labors 
were largely blessed. See Manual, 1902. 

Wynkoop, Richard, b. N.Y.C., Dec. 16, 1798; C.C. 1819, N.B.S. 22; lie. 
by 2d Presbyt. N.Y. (Assoc. Ref.), Ap. 5, 26, Missionary, Cato, N.Y., 
1826-7. (Pres., Yorktown, N.Y., 1827-34, Hagerstown, Md., 1834-43, 
d. April 5. 
See Manual, 1902. 
Wynveen, Benjamin J., b. Cedar Grove, Wis., 1884. Wis. Memorial Academy 
1906, W.T.S. 1914, 1. by CI. Wis., 1914. Harlem, Mich., 1914-18, Ustick, 
111., 1918-21, Aurora, Stickney, S.D., 1921 

Yates, Andrew, b. in Schenectady, 1772; Y.C. 1793, studied theology under 
Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y., 1796; Prof. Latin and Greek in Union College, 
1797-1801, (East Jlartford, Cong., 1801-14), Prof. Mental and Moral 
Philosophy, Union College, 14-25, Prin. of High School at Chitten- 
ango, 25-36, Chittenango, Sept. 17, 32- Ap. 3, 34. Died 1844. 
In his youth he overcame feeble health and graduated with honor. He had 
exalted ideas of his duty as a minister and did not know the fear of man. 
Teaching and preaching went together with him and in both he was success- 
ful. See Manual, 1902. 

Publications : "Blessedness of Dying in the Lord" : a Ser. at the Fun. 
of Mrs. Amelia Flint. Hartford, 1810.— "Charity, the Evidence of Piety" : 
a Ser. before Female Benev. Soc, Hartford, 1810. — "The Effectual 
Preacher" : A Ser. at Install, of Dr. John Ludlow, at Albany, 1823. — "God's 
Blessing in our Institutions" : a Ser. at Dedication of R.D.C. Chittenango. 
1829. 

Yates, John Austin (s. of And. Yates), b. at East Hartford, Ct., 1801 ; U.C, 
1821, N.B.S. 24, lie. CI. N.B.; tutor in U:C., 23-7, Prof. Oriental Langs., 
U.C, 27-49, (spent 27-9, after the above appointment, in Europe), S.S., 
Fonda, 42-4, called to Jersey City, ist, 49; accepted, but died before 
installation. 
He was a man of brilliant, well trained mind, well qualified for the pro- 
fessor's chair, and probably adapted for the pastorate which he was about 
to enter when death called him. See Manual, 1902. 

Publication : "Righteousness Exalteth a Nation." 1839. 
Young, Alex. H., b. at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 13, 1838; Miami Univ., Ox- 
ford, O., 59, Lane Sem., Walnut Hill, O., 63; lie. by Presb. of Cincin- 
nati; ord. by Presbyt. Chillicothe, O., 64; (South Salem, O., 64-9, 
Oxford, O., 69-72, Presbyt.), Greenville, N.J., 72-83, (Presbyt., New- 
ton, NJ., 1883). 
Young, Archie G., 1890-91. 

Young, Chas. J. (Yaphank, L.I., 1875-8) ; Long Branch, ist, 1879-86. 
Young, Frederick P. Brooklyn, N.Y., Bay Ridge, 1908-18. In business. 
Youngblood, William, b. at Montgomery, N.Y., 1800; R.C. 32, N.B.S. 35, 
1. CI. Orange; Missionary to East Indies, Batavia, 36-8, (studying the 
Malay language), teaching a Malay school at Pontianak (Borneo), 
Nov., 39-42, Karagan (Borneo), Sept., 42-Jan., 47, returned to Amer- 
ica, 1849, d. 1859. 
He had early religious impressions which seem to have matured about 



THE MINISTRY 603 

the fifteenth year of his age. He then had a strong desire to study with a 
view to the ministry. But being the eldest of the family, he was needed 
at home by his widowed mother, and for some years took charge of the 
paternal farm. 

While in the seminary his mind was much exercised in regard to the 
duty of devoting himself to the foreign missionary work. The appeals of 
the heavenly-minded and devoted David Abeel, who had just returned 
from China, had the effect of bringing him to a decision. He was accepted 
by the American Board, and designated, with other brethren of our church 
to the island of Java. They embarked on the 8th of June, 1836. After 
many efforts, the Dutch Government not allowing them to operate on that 
island, they embarked for Pontianak, on the coast of Borneo, in December 
of 1838. While residing there some of the brethren engaged in the study 
of the Chinese language, with a view of establishing a mission in China 
as soon as the way opened. Brother Youngblood. having gained some knowl- 
edge ot the art of printing, and of the Malav language, he spent his time 
in visiting the neighboring Kampongs, preaching and distributing tracts and 
unaided, he printed with his own hands, by means of a press presented by 
the officers of an American squadron, Malayan books for the use of a school 
of poor children he had gathered. 

At length, in the beginning of the year 1842. Brothers Youngblood and 
ihompson tounded a station among the Dyaks. about one hundred and 
forty miles in the interior of the island. After many trials, and incredible 
toil, owing to the unwillingness of the natives to assist, they succeeded in 
erecting with their own hands two temporary dwellings in the midst of 
the jungle. After a few months, joined by their families, in these lonely 
wilds they began the work of pioneer missionaries. Brother Thompson's 
health soon tailing, he departed for his native land by the way of Europe 
where he was called to his heavenly home. About four years after the 
establishment of the mission among the Dyaks, Brother Youngblood's 
health also gave way. The trial of a voyage to Singapore not proving as 
hoped, efficacious to his restoration, he embarked January, 1849, for Amer- 
ica. This was a trial harder to be borne than when he left his native shore 
The seed of God's word had just begun to germinate in some minds and 
now that all prospects of usefulness should be destroyed was painful in the 
extreme. '-Never," said Mrs. Youngblood to the writer, "did I see my hus- 
band, in all my life, shed tears so profuselv, and endure a trial so distress- 
ing, as when he bade farewell to his Dyak field." No reinforcements arriv- 
ing, he saw the mission must be given up. For vears this good brother 
lingered, able only to preach an occasional sermon, till his death During 
these years his heart was still set on the great work of missions. He said 
to the writer. "I do not regret having personally engaged in the work of 
foreign missions, but it is rather to me a source of jov. I feel that it was 
the highest honor conferred on me. in being permitted to engage in this 
blessed cause, and become a co-worker with the Lord of missions Gladly 
wou d I now return to our distant field of labor, or any other among the 
heathen, did my health and that of my companion permit, and toil till death 
for the salvation of perishing men. It is sweet to endure toil and privation 
for Christ. —Rev. Dr. J. H. Duryea. 

Ypma, Martin A., from Holland; Vriesland. 1847-52. Graafschap 5^-s High 
and Low Prairie, 55-61. Alto. 61-3. d. 

Zabriskie, Albert A., b. at Bergen Point. N.J.. Ap. 11, 1843; R.C. 65, 
N.B.S. 68, 1. CI. South Bergen; Farmer Village. 68-9, Keyport 69-73' 
Preakness, 73-8. Franklin Furnace. 78-81, Flatbush, Ulster Co.', N.Y.j 
81-86, Jersey City Free. 87-91. Manhasset. 91-93. Orange City la' 
94-6, S.S.. Highlands, N.J., 1899-1900. Browns, N.Y., 1900-04, 'kisk- 
atom, N.Y., 1904-06, Greenport, N.Y., 1906-09. Bloomington N Y 
1910-19. Pastor Emeritus, 1919. S.S.. St. Remv, 1911-14 



604 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Zabriskie, Francis Nicholl (grandson of J. V. C. Romeyn), b. in N.Y.C., 
1832, April 29; N.Y.U. 50, N.B.S. 55, 1- CI. N.Y. ; Livingston Ch., 
N.Y.C., 56-9, Coxsackie, 2d, 59-63, Ithaca, 63-6, Claverack, 66-72 (Say- 
brook, Ct., 72-6, Wollaston Heights, Mass., 76-80) ; Editor-in-chief of 
"Christian Intelligencer," 80-3; w. c. Died May 13, 1891. D.D., Univ. 
N.Y., 1868. 
Dr. Zabriskie had a feeble body which hampered his activity but which 
did not lessen his cheerfulness. Compelled because of poor health to relin- 
quish the pastorate, he devoted himself to literary work for which he was 
pre-eminently qualified. His ability becoming recognized he became in 
great demand as a writer and was widely known. See Manual, 1902. 

Publications: Life of Horace Greeley, 1891. Very many addresses and 
articles, particularly those known as the "Old Colony" papers and exposi- 
tions of the S.S. lessons. 

Zabriskie, Jeremiah Lott, b. at Flatbush, L.I., Feb. 3, 1835; (grandson of 

J. L. Zabriskie) ; C.C. 54, N.B.S. 63, 1. S. CI. L.I.; Cuddebackville, 

66-70, New Baltimore, 70-82, w. c, d. April 2, 1910. 

He was obliged to retire from the pastorate because of throat difficulty. 

For many years he engaged in scientific studies with great enthusiasm. See 

Min. Gen. Syn., 1910, 834. 

Zabriskie, John Lansing, b. at Albany, March 4, 1779; U.C. 1797, studied 
theology under D. Romeyn, 1. CI. Albany, 1800 ; (jreenbush and Wyant- 
skill, 1801-11, S.S., Hillsdale. 1808-11, Hillsborough (Millstone), 1811- 
50, d. Aug. 15. Elected a trustee of Q.C., 181 1. 
During his long pastorate at Millstone he maintained his influence and 
his standing unto the end. He was a man of many excellences ; kind, 
social, unaffected, and sincerely and zealously pious ; a gentleman of the 
old school, simple in his tastes, unostentatious in his life, and unsophisti- 
cated in his daily conduct. All who knew him loved him, and those who 
knew him best esteemed him most. See Manual, 1902. 
Zandstra, Fred., b. Chicago, 111., June 13. 1889. H.C. 1912, W.T.S. 1915. 

1. by CI. Wis., 1915. Wichert, 111., 1915-19, Mt. Greenwood, 111., 1919 

Zandstra, Sidney. H.C. 1903, P.S. 1906, 1. by Presbytery of New Bruns- 
wick, 1906. Lodi, N.Y., 2d, 1909-12, Little Falls, N.J., 2d, 1912-18, 
Immigration Work, 1907-18, Insurance Underwriter, 1918. Ph.D. by 
Columbia Univ., 1909. 
Zastera, F. From Church of Rome. Miss in 4th Ger. Ch., N.Y.C., 1858. 
Zelie, John Sheridan, b. Princeton, Mass., May 3, 1866; Wms. C. 87, Y. 
Sem. 90, lie. Litchfield S. Assoc, 90; (Plymouth, Ct., 90-4, Cleveland, 
O., 94-1900), Schenectady, ist, 1901-1903. Presbyterian, 1903, Plain- 
field, N.J. 
Publications : Editorials in "S. S. Times."^ — Sketces in Periodicals. — • 
Joint author, with Rev. Carroll Perry, of "Bill Pratt, the Saw-Buck Phil- 
osopher." 

Ziegler, A. G., b. Amsterdam, Neth., May 11, 1833; Sem. of Free Ch. of 
Scotland, Amsterdam, Neths. ; ord. by Belgian Christian Missionary 
Church; Spring Lake and Manito, 111., 87-8, Bethel and Otley, la., 88- 
92, Le Mars, 92-3, Harrison, S.D., 93-1900, Pella, 4th, 1901-1904, w. c, 
d. March 13, 1915. See Min. Gen. Syn., 1915, 606. 
Ziegler, Lorenz, b. Feb. 24, 1846, Germany. Mission House Col. 1873, Mis- 
sion House Sem., 1. by CI. of Sheboygan, 1873. (Ref. Ch. U.S., Alma, 
Wis., 1873-4, Dahlgren, Minn., 1874-5, Bongard, Minn., 1875-82, Gaylord, 
Minn., 1882-1901). Hope, George, la., 1903-17, Bethel, George, la., 1903- 
08. Practiced medicine 27 years. 
Ziegler, Vacslav, b. 1877. Presbyterian. Grand Gorge, N.Y., S.S., 1916, 
South Gilboa, N.Y., S.S., 1916-19, (Presbyterian, City Missionary, 

N.Y.C., 1919 . Among the Czecho-Slovaks.) 

Zimmerman, Frederick, b. July 19, 1885, London, England. London Poly- 



THE MIXISTRY 605 

technic, R.C. CI. of 1914, N.B.S. 1919, 1. by CI. Paramus. Metuchen, 

1919 

Zindler, Gottlieb, b. Falkenberg, Silesia, Ger.. Aug. 30, 1849; studied pri- 
vately, 69-72, (Mission House, Ref. Ger. Ch., Franklin, Wis., 74, lie. 
CI. Sheboygan (Ger. Refd.), Wis.; Ebenezer, Wis., 74-79, Denver, Col., 
79-81. Hope, Wis., 81-86, all in Ger. Refd. Ch.), Baileyville, 111., 86-96, 
Peoria, 111., 1896-1901, S.S., Sibley Mission, la., 1901-03, also S.S., 
Baker, la., 1901-03, North Sibley, la., 1903-09, Aplington, la., 1909-17. 
Classical Missionary, Pleasant Prairie Classis, 1901-03. 2d Classical 
Missionary, Pleasant Prairie Classis, 1917 . Treasurer Bd. of Ben- 
evolence, Pleasant Prairie Classis. Editor of Der Mitarbeiter. 
Zubli, E. B. Pella, 3d (S.S.), 1876. 
Zurcher, J. N. S.S., at Silver Creek, 1853. 

Zwemer, Adrian, b. in Oost-Kapelle, Zeeland, Neths., Feb. 12, 1823; c. to 
America, 1849, with Rev. H. G. Klyn ; studied theology with Rev. John 
Van Vleck, in Holland Academy, Mich., 1858; lie. CI. Holland, Ap. 14, 
and ord. Ap. 18, 1858; Vriesland, 58-68, Low Prairie, 68-70, Milwaukee, 
70-73, Albany (Hoi.), 73-76, Graafschap, Mich., 76-86, Free Grace, 
Iowa, 86-91, Spring Lake, Mich., 91-98; emeritus, d. March 27, 1910. 
After the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes the Catholics of France 
severely persecuted the Huguenots. Among these were three brothers named 
Sur-Mer, who fled to North Holland. One of them remained there, while 
the other two went to Zeeland. Their family name now became changed 
to Swe-Mer, and ultimately to Zwemer. Being Calvinists, they all received 
a warm welcome in the Reformed Church of the Netherlands; but the fam- 
ily again experienced great troubles during the Napoleonic rule. In 1842 
Mr. Zwemer was drafted, and served in the army for two years. He was 
Receiver of Taxes, 1846-49, when about 150 families, under the care of Rev. 
H. G. Klyn. came to America . Mr. Zwemer settled in Rochester, N.Y., and 
became an elder in a Holland Presbyterian church. In 1853, when the 
pulpit became vacant, h^ suggested the transfer of this church to the Ref. 
Ch. in America, which was accomplished, and it joined the Classis of 
Geneva. In 1855 he went to the Holland Academy, when s^ years of age, 
to study for the ministry, and served different fields as above indicated. 
Four sons became ministers, two of them going to Arabia, and one daugh- 
ter. Miss Nelly Zwemer, is a missionary in the Amoy Mission, China. 

He was a power for good wherever he went. Min. Gen. Syn., 1910, 835. 

Zwemer, Frederick James (son of Rev. Adrian Zwemer), b. Holland, 

Mich., Jan. 24. 1858; H.C. 80. McCormick Sem., Chicago, 85, lie. CI. 

Wisconsin, 85; ist Refd. Charles Mix Co., Dakota Ter., 85-87, Grand 

View, Dak. Ter., May-Nov., 87, Classical Missionary in the two 

Dakotas, Nov.. 87-Dec., 92, Graafschap, Mich., 92-96, Miss, of Classis 

of Illinois, in Iowa, 96-98, Sheboygan Falls and Hingham, Wis., 1898- 

1903. Missionary of Classis of \\'isconsin, d. Aug. 19. 1903. Min. Gen. 

Syn., 1904, 845. 

Zwemer, Tames Frederic (son of Rev. Adrian Zwemer), b. Rochester, 

N.Y.,'Sept. I, 1850; H.C. 1870, W.T.S. 73. H^- CI. Holland; Fyuaart, 

Mich., 73-79, Spring Lake, Mich., 79-83. Alto. Wis., 83-86. Alton, la., 

86-88, Agent to secure endowments for the Western Institutions, 88-90, 

Principal, Northwestern Academy. Orange City. Iowa, 90-98. Grand 

Rapids, 7th, 1898-1900, Gen. Synod's Agent for Western Theolog. 

Sem., 1900-1907. Professor of Practical Theology, W.T.S., 1907-16. 

Emeritus Professor in charge of Seminarv Finances. 1916-21, d. Oct. 

5th. D.D. by H.C, 1918. 

Dr. Zwemer as a man was the soul of kindness, much preferring to suffer 

pain than to cause it. His helpfulness was proverbial and he was full of 

restless activity. As a preacher he was spiritual and intensely practical. 

Because of his practical turn of mind he knew how to organize material 

forces in behalf of the Kingdom of God. 



6o6 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Publications: Three Catechetical Manuals. Contributions to the press. 
Zwemer, Peter John (son of Rev. Ad. Zwemer), b. at South Holland, 111., 
Sept. 22, 1868, H.C. 88, N.B.S. 92. 1. CI. Michigan; ordained by the 
CI. of Grand River, Sept. 14. 92; sailed for Busrah, Arabia, Oct. 19, 92, 
Muscat, 93-98, returned home. 98. died Oct. 18, 1898, in the Presbjrter- 
ian Hospital, New York City. 
He grew up in an atmosphere of grace. He taught school for a year 
after college graduation, at Middleburg, la. While a student in college he 
was employed, during one of his vacations, by the Am. Bible Soc. His 
field extended from Michigan to New York. He made, at this time, ad- 
dresses in school-houses and country churches. In the destitute oil regions 
of S. W. New York, he received his first impulse to missionary work. 
He finally determined to follow his brother. Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, to 
Arabia. At Muscat he remained alone most of the time. His life was 
often in danger. Frequent attacks of fever prostrated him, unpleasant 
conditions surrounded him, the heat often overwhelmed him ; still he clung 
heroically to his post, uttering no word of complaint. His sympathies were 
soon drawn out for the African slaves. At his earnest solicitations the 
school for rescued slave boys at Muscat was opened, with 18 boys rescued 
from slavery. He could have had many more. To these his heart went 
out. But at length fever and rheumatism compelled him to decide to 
return home. He had to be carried on the steamer. At Milan, he spent a 
few days in the hospital. From there he went to Antwerp, and thence to 
New York, and was imrnediately taken to the Presbyterian Hospital, being 
assisted through the city by a student for orders of the Roman Catholic 
church. There he was cheerful, hopeful, but resigned, until he entered into 
rest. — "Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1899, 557. — See also Dr. S. M. Zwemer's 
"Arabia," pp. 366-373; and "Sketch of Arabian Mission," 1901, 24, 25. 
Zwemer, Samuel Marinus (son of Adrian Zwemer), b. Vriesland, Mich., 
Ap. 12. 1867, H.C. 87, N.B.S. 90, 1. CI. la.; S.S., at Clarkstown, N.Y., 
89-90, Missionary to Arabia, July, 1890-1915. Transferred to Egypt, 

1915 . Traveling Secretary. Student Volunteer Movement, 1906-07. 

Field Secretary Bd. of F.M., 1907-10. Editor of The Moslem World, 

191 1. Corresponding Member Victoria Institute, London. D.D. by 

R.C., 1901. D.D. by H.C. LL.D., Muskingum Col. F.R.G.S., 1894. 

Publications: Arabia, the Cradle of Islam, 1900. Raymond Lull, 1902. 

Topsy-Turvy Land, 1902. The Moslem Doctrine of God, 1905. Religion of 

Mission Fields, 1905. The Mohammedan World of Today, 1906. Methods 

of Mission Work Among Moslems, 1906. Our Moslem Sisters, 1907. Islam, 

A Challenge to Faith, 1907. The Moslem World, 1908. The Unoccupied 

Mission Felds of Africa and Asia, 191 1. Zig-Zag Journeys in the Camel 

Country, 191 1. Lucknow, 191 1. Islam and Missions, 1912. The Moslem 

Christ, 1912. Daylight in the Harem, 1912. Mohammed or Christ? 1915. 

Childhood in Moslem Lands, 1915. The Disintegration of Islam, 1916. 

The Influence of Americanism on Islam, 1920. Moslem Seeks of God, 

1920. Many articles in many magazines and papers. 

Zyperus (Siperius), Michiel, c. from Curacoa, Aug., 1659, to New Nether- 
lands, as a proponent (or candidate) ; joined the ch. in New Amster- 
dam as a student of divinity in Jan., 1660; went toward Virginia, 
1664. — "Ecc. Rec. N.Y." "Gen. and Biog. Rec," vii. 64; ix. "72. He con- 
formed to Ch. of Eng. in Va. — Was yet living in 1687. 



PART THIRD 



THE CHURCHES. 

Abbe, see Clymer, N.Y. 

Accord, see Rochester, N.Y. 

Ackley, see Washington and Zoar, la. 

Acquacononck, see Passaic, N.J. 

Ada, Mich., 1903. Menning, S. J. 1903-1906, Klooster, F. 1906-1910, 

Webinga, John (S.S.) 1911-1912, Kriekard, C. (S.S.) 1912-1917, 

Doiima, R. W. (S.S.) 1917-1918, Pastor 1918-1920. 
Adams, Neb. See Pella, Lancaster Co. 
Addisville, Richboro, Bucks Co., Pa., 1864. (North and South Hampton). 

Bodine, 64-8, Amerman, J. L. 68-71, ColHer, I. 71-84, Birdsall, 84-8. 

Lawsing, 1888-1907, Furbeck, Howard R. 1908-1912, Walter, A. J. 1912- 

1920, Polk, T. M. 1921 

Albany — Albany Co., N.Y., churches in : 

1. Albany. (Fort Orange, Rensselaerwyck, Beverwyck, Willemstadt 1673- 
4), foot of State st. until 1798, then in N. Pearl st. i, 1642, Megapol- 
ensis, J. 1642-9, (Grasmeer, 1650-1), Schaats, 1652-94, (Van Rensselaer, 
1675-7), Dellius, 1683-99, supplied by Nucella, 1698-1700, Lydius, 1700-9, 
(Barclay, Episcop., 1709-12), Van Driessen, P. 1712-38, Van Schie, 
1738-44, Frelinghuysen, T. 1745-59, Westerlo, 1760-90, Bassett, 1787- 
1804, (Bogart, D. S. 1792-6?) Johnson, J. B. 1796-1802, Bradford, J. M. 
1805-20, DeWitt, J. (Sr.) 13-15, Ludlow, J. 23-34, Vermilye, T. E. 35-9, 
Kennedy, 41-55, Rogers, E. P. 56-62, Clark, R. W. 62-83, Chapman, J. 
W. 85-90, Johnson. E. P. 1891-1906, Kittell, James S. 1907-22. 

Chartered 1720. Eng. preaching begun by Westerlo. See Ecc. Rec. 
N.Y., tnany letters; MunseU's Annals of Albany, 10 vols., i2mo, 1850-9; 
Sketch in i. 86-121. Collections on the History of Albany, 3 vols., 
8vo, 1865-70; Col. Hist. N.Y., see index — Albany, containing many 
references to the church; Doct. Hist. N.Y., see Index; Barnes' Settle- 
ment and Early Hist, of; Histories of N.Y. State by Smith, O'Cal- 
laghan, and Brodhead, Anderson's Hist, of Colonial Church, (Episco- 
pal). See also Bibliography of Pastors Bassett, Wyckoff, Rogers, 
Johnson, E. P. 

2. Albany, (Ger.) 1770? Doll, 1772-5. 

3. Albany, 2d, 1815, Beaver st; now Madison ave. De Witt, J. (Sr.). 
1815-23, (Steele. J. B. supplied, 22), Ferris, L 24-36, Wycoff, L N. 
36-65, Elmcndorf, J. 65-72, Bartlctt, 74-81, Davis, W. R. 82-8, Dowl- 
ing, 89-92, Selden, E. G. 1893- 1904, Jones, J. A. 1905-20, Locke, R. E. 
1922 

Hist, sketch in Albany Argus, March, 1881. See also Memorial 
volume. 

4. Albany, 3d, 1834. Ten Eyke Ave. Holmes, E. 35-40, Yates, A. 
(S.S.) 4C-I, Campbell, W. H. 41-8, Van Brunt, 48-9, Halloway, (Sr.) 
49-53. Dickson. 53-60, Miller, W. H. 61-2, Bailey, 63-8, Searle, J. 
68-71, Van Slyke, E. 71-2, Van Doren, D. K. 73-5, Campbell, J. B. 
76-82, See E. F. 83-6, Davis, Jos. P. 86-7, Tracy, W. H. 88-90, Dailey 
90-8, MacBride, 98-1900, Lcggctt, L. 1900-1903, Meengs, J. G. 1903- 
1907, McNab, John, 1908-1909, Hotaling, B. J. 1909-1917, Hansen, An- 
drew, 1918 

607 



6o8 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

5. Albany, (Ger.) 4th Magnolia Ten Schuyler St., 1855. Schnellendreus- 
slar 55-65, Neef 65-86, Miller, H. 88-98, Mueller, F. 1899 

6. Albany, 5th (Hoi.), 1859, Jay st. Houbolt, 61-4, Bahler, P. B. 65-7, 
Houbolt, 71-3, Zwemer, A. 73-6, Kriekaard, C. 77-9, Boer, 79-85, 
Dykstra, L. 86-8, Duiker, W. J. 89-92, Flipse, 93-6, Van Westenburg, 
1897-1902, Lubbers, Fred. 1903-1906, Ossewaarde, John 1908-1911, 
Dykhuizen, H. 1911-1916, Jacobs, H. C. 1917-1919, Struck, J. A. 
1920 

7. Albany, (Dudley Ch.) 1859. Dissolved, 1862. 

8. Albany Park Chapel, Dusenberre, Ap.-Oct., 1866. 

9. Albany, 6th, 1897, Allen st. Furbeck, G. W. 1898-1909, Miller, E. W. 
1909-1912, Burrowes, C. W. 1914, Blessing, F. F. 1915 

Albany, Bush, see Amsterdam. 

Alberta, Canada, see Monarch. 

Alderson, Canada, see New Holland. 

Alexander, (Palsville), la., 1896. Ch. End. Ch. 18. Reeverts, A. J. (S.S.) 
1897-1902, Reeverts, F. 1902-1908, Schoon, J. H. 1909-1911, Schaefer, 
John 1912-20, Heyenga, W. J. 1920 . See Meservey, la. 

Alexandria Bay, see Thousand Isles. 

Allegan, Allegan Co., Mich.. 1843. Taylor, A. B. (Miss, and S.S.) 1842-3. 

Allegan, First, Mich., 1918. 

Allendale, ist, Jenison, Mich., 1918. Stoppels, Charles A. 1918 

Alliendal, see India. 

Alligerville, N.Y., 1902. 

Allison, see Fairview. fa. 

All Souls, Florence, S. C. 1904. Colbert, J. T. 1905-1911, Ray, H. C. (S.S.) 
1913-1915, Barnes, H. A. 1915-18. Garland, D. G. 1919-20. 

Altamont, Albany Co., N.Y., 1896. Staats, B. B., Ap.-June, 96, Fletcher, 
1896-1904, Black. John 1904-1908, Furbeck, G. W. 1909 

Alto, Waupun, Fond de Lac Co.. Wis., 1855. Baay, G. 48-50, Stobblear, 58- 
60. Ypma. 61-3. Pieters, 65-9, Karsten, 69-82, Zwemer, J. F. 82-6, Te 
Winkle. 86-9. Karsten, 89-93. Harmeling, H. 94-1900, Lumkes, 1900- 
1908. Pietenpol, H. J. 1908-1916. Hekhuis, G. J. 1917 

Alton, formerly East Orange, Sioux Co., la.. 1877. Warnshuis, J. W. 78- 
87, Zwemer, J. F. 86-18, Warnshuis, J. W. 88-91. Lepeltak, 1891-1903, Van 
Duine, A. M. 1904-1910. Dejong, J. P. 1910 

Alvord, la., 1916. 

Amara, see Arabia. 

Amelia Court House, Va. See Mattoax. 

American, see DeMotte. 

American, see Hull, la. 

American, see Maurice, S.D. 

American, see Orange City. la. 

American Reformed, see Chicago 2nd. 

American Reformed. Hamilton, Mich.. 1913, Meengs, R.D. 1915-20, Van 
. Dyk. F. J. 1920 

Amersfort. now Flatlands. Col. Hist. ii. 404. 

Amherst, S.D., see Weston. 

Amity. (Clifton-Park. Rexfords. Rexfordville, Visscher's Ferry). Saratoga 
Co., N.Y., 1803. Romeyn, Thos. (Jr.) 1806-27, McKelvey, J. 27-31, Van 
Wagenen. 31-4, Chittenden, 34-9. Bronson. A. 40-2, Halloway, 43-9, 
Williamson, G. R. 49-52. Raymond. 53-6, Schoonmaker, R. L. 56-61, 
See. W. G. E. 61-8, Letson, 68-80, Bartholf, 81-7. Graham. J. E. 1888- 
1914, DeHollander. J. A. 1916-1918. Many, D. J. Jr. 1918-21. 

Amity, (Miss, station). Dwight, M. W. 1823. Murphy, Miss, to, 1830. 

Amoy, see China. 

Amsterdam, Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1795. Supplied. Ten Eyck, Conrad 
1799-1803. Became Presbyterian. See Dailey's Hist, of Montgomery 
Classis, 109-10. Doc. Hist. N.Y., iii, 673, 683. 



THE CHURCHES 609 

Amsterdam, (Albany Bush, after 1821 Union) 1815. Morris, J. 1827, Stry- 
ker, H. B. 1827-31. Became extinct. See Fonda's Bush and Union, 
Dailey's Hist, of Montgomery Classis, iio. 
Amsterdam — Seceder. (Union) 1822, Palmer, 1822-30. See Dailey's Hist. 

of Montgomery Classis, no. 
Amsterdam ist, (Port Jackson), Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1850. Roof, 50-5, 
Gates, 56-7, Switz, A. J. (S.S.) 57-59 and 62-3, Duryea, I. G. 59-62, 
Voorhees, H. M. 63-5, Quick, A. M. 65-9, Pettingill, (S.S.) 70-2, Minor, 

73-80, Kyle, J. R. 1881 . See Dailey's Hist, of Montgomery Classis 

II, Christian Intelligencer, Oct. 17, 1900. 
Amsterdam, Trinity, 1892. Beattie, Jas. A. 92-4, Blekkink, 94-9, Van Zee, 
1900-1901, Furbeck, H. R. 1901-1903, Dailey, W. N. P. 1903-1911, Mur- 
phy, J. H. 1911-1916, Muste, C. B. 1917-1918, Steininger, G. 1919-22. 
See Dailey's Hist. Montgomery Classis, 13. 
Ancram, Columbia Co., N.Y., 1746, supplied by Livingston, J. L. 1779-81, 

by Lansing, N. 1781-4. — See Gallatin. Smith's Hist. N.Y., 307. 
Anderson Memorial, (Belmont), see N.Y.C., borough Bronx. 
Andriestown, 1798. Branch of the Church of German Flatts, continued in 
the Columbia Church. See German Flatts, Columbia. Dailey's Hist. 
of Montgomery Classis in. See Canada. 
Angelica, Alleghany Co., N.Y., 1797, Gray, A. 1797-1819. 
Annandale, (Clinton) Hunterdon Co., N.J., 1866. Van Doren, J. A. 66-72, 
Van Amberg supplied; Cleveland, 77-81, Williamson, W. H. 81-3, 
Wycoff, G. 84-5, Henderson, 86-91, McWilliams, (S.S.) 91-4, Mer- 
shon. A. L. 95-8, Allen, H. B. 98-1901, Williamson, J. F. 1902-1903, 
MacQuesten, Rockwood, 1904-1910, Wyckoflf, Garret (S.S.) 1910-1912, 
Furbeck, H. R. 1912-1917, Luther, M. F. 1918-21, Robertson, G. 1. 

1922 

Annville, Kentucky, 1911. Worthington, Wm. A. 1911 

Aomori, see Japan. 

Apache (Indian), Lawton, Okl, 1907 (Fort Sill). These Indians were at 
first U.S. prisoners of war. Legters, L. L. 1907-10, Sluyter, H. 1911-13, 

Baxter, J. H. 1913 . Dykema, J. 1913-15, Harper, R. H. 1915. 

Apache, 1918, see White Tail, N.M. 

Aplington, Monroe, Butler Co., la., 1886. Schaefer, F. 1886-1901. Dropped. 
See Monroe, S.D. 

Aplington, la., 1908. Zindler, G. 1909-1916, Schnucker, G. 1916 

Arabia. Mission Field. 

The Arabian Mission was organized in 1889 and its first missionary sailed 
on Oct. i6th of that year. At that time the Board of Foreign Missions 
found it impossible to accept any responsibility for this new enterprise, and 
the Mission was organized as an independent society. After many difficul- 
ties in the home administration it was transferred to the supervision of the 
Board in 1894. The distinct existence of the old corporation is still pre- 
served, and the accounts are kept separate from those of the other missions 
of the Reformed Church. The administration is altogether in the hands of 
the Board. The mission occupies the territory along the Persian Gulf and 
the great rivers flowing into it. The language is Arabic. 

The stations at which missionaries reside and the dates of their opening 
are as follows : 

Basrah 1891 

Bahrein 1893 

Maskat 1893 

Kuweit 1911 

Nasaria 1919 

Amara 1920 

Baghdad 1921 

Besides these there are several outstations. 



6io 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



Missionaries 

Rev. James Cantine, D.D 

Mrs. Elizabeth G. (DePree) Cantine 

Rev. Samuel Zwemer, D.D 

Mrs. Amy (Wilkes) Zwemer 

C. E. Riggs, M.D 

Rev. Peter J. Zwemer 

James T. Wyckoff, M.D 

Rev. H. R. L. Worrall, M.D 

Mrs Emma (Hodges) Worrall, M.D 

Rev. Fred. J. Barny 

Mrs. Margaret (Rice) Barny 

Rev. George E. Stone 

Sharon J. Thoms, M.D 

Mrs. Marion (Wells) Thoms, M.D 

Mrs. May (DePree) Thoms (1906-1913) . . . 

Rev. Harry J. Wiersum 

Rev. James E. Moerdyk , 

Rev. John Van Ess, D.D 

Mrs. Dorothy (Firman) Van Ess 

Miss Jennie A. Scardefield , 

Arthur K. Bennett, M.D 

Mrs. Jessie (Vail ) Bennett , 

Mrs. A. Christine (Iverson) Bennett, M.D. 

Miss Lucy M. Patterson, M.D 

Miss Fanny Lutton 

Mrs. Martha C. Vogel , 

C. Stanley G. Mylrea, M.D 

Mrs. Bessie (London) Mylrea , 

Rev. Dirk Dykstra , 

Mrs. Minnie (Wilterdink) Dykstra , 

Rev. G. J. Pennings 

Mrs. Gertrud (Schafheitlin) Pennings , 

Miss Thyra H. Josselyn, M.D 

Rev. Edwin E. Calverley , 

Mrs. Eleanor (Taylor) Calverley, M.D. ., 

Paul W. Harrison, M.D 

Mrs. Regina (Rabbe) Harrison 

Rev. Gerrit D. Van Peursem 

Mrs. Josephine E. (Spaeth) Van Peursem ., 

Miss Sarah L. Hosmon, M.D 

Mr. Charles F. Shaw 

Mrs. Adele F. (Bayly) Shaw 

Hall G. Van Vlack, M.D 

Mrs. Mercy L (Dye) Van Vlack' 

Mr. Philip C. Haynes 

Miss Minnie C. Holzhauser 

Miss Charlotte B. Kellien 

Rev. Henry A. Bilkert 

Mrs. Anna (Monteith) Bilkert 

Miss Mary C. Van Pelt 

Louis P. Dame, M.D 

Mrs. Elizabeth (Purdie) Dame 

Miss Ruth Jackson 

Miss Rachel Jackson 

Miss Cornelia Dalenberg 



Went Out Retired 



902 
890 
896 
892 
892 
894 
895 
901 
897 



918 
899 
900 
902 
909 
903 
904 
904 
909 
904 
904 

905 
906 
906 
906 
907 
908 
912 
908 
909 
909 
909 
916 
910 
910 
911 
911 
911 
911 
911 
911 
913 
915 
917 
917 
917 
919 
919 
921 
921 
921 



1893 

1898* 

1894 

1917 

1917 



i«99=' 
1913* 
1905* 

1901* 



1916 
1906* 
1916* 
1905 

1914 



1910 



1914 
1914 
1917 
1917 
1914 
1916 



*Died. 



THE CHURCHES 6l I 

Arapahoe, Okl., 1903. Legters, L. L. 1903-05, Conklin, M. T. 1905-1910, 
also Hoffman, J. J. 1908-1911. Church dismissed to the Southern Pres- 
byterian Church, April, 191 1. 

Arcadia, (Fairville), Wayne Co., N.Y., 1835. Nevius, 1835-6, Turner, 
W. E. 1841-8, Whitbeck, J., 1850-2, Snyder, B. F. 1855-6, Turner, 
1862-6. Disbanded 1870. 

Arcadia, Newark, Wayne Co., N.Y., 1883, (Hoi.) Baas, 83-8, VanDoorn, 
M. 89-93. Dangremond, G. 1895-1907, Hogenboom, S. M. 1908-1917, 
DeYoung, Ben. 1918 

Archer, O'Brien Co., la., 1900. Vander Heide, James 1904-1906, Classical 
Missionary and supplies 1906-1911, Van Heuvelen, B. 1911-1914, Men- 
ning, S. J. 1915-1919, Duiker, W. J. 1919-21. 

Arcot, see India. 

Argyle, Washington Co., N.Y., 1809, merged in Fort Miller, 1838. Ostran- 
der, S. (S.S.) two years, Johnson, I. Y. 17-21, Van Hook, 23-4, Mc- 
Kelvey. J., Miss, to, 27, Fonda, (S.S.) 1822, 27 and 29. Mair, Miss, to, 
29, Laing, 1832-3. 

Arlington. N. Y., see Poughkeepsie. 

Armour, 1885, see Grand View, S.D. 

Ami, see India. 

Arpin, Wis., see Vespers. 

Artesian, S.D. (Station) 1910-1914, Classical Missionary. 

Asbury, Palco, Kan., 1907-1912. Supplies. 

Asbury Park, Monmouth Co., N.J., 1876. Wilson, F. F. 76-8, Enos, 78-9, 
Ballagh, W. H. 80-6, Preyer, 86-8, Scudder, E. C. (Sr.) 89-95, Stryker, 
P. 96-1900, Conger, W'. 1901-1905, Broek, J. Y. 1906-1908, Conover, G, 
M. 1909 

Ashokan, now Shokan. 

Asquach, same as Osquak. 

Astoria, 1st and 2nd. See N.Y.C., borough of Queens. 

Athenia, see Centerville, N.J. 

Athens, Greene Co., N.Y., 1826. Abeel, D. 26-8, Van Cleef, C. 28-33, Wil- 
son, Jos. 34-6, Wynkoop, Jef. 36-40, Holmes, E. 40-1, Watson, J. 41-4, 
Cornell, W. A. 44-8, Talmadge, J. R. 49-50, Betts, (S.S.) 51-4, Buck- 
elew. 55-9. Spaulding, 60-8, Campbell, A. D. 68-82, Vander Wart, H. 
83-86, Hill, W. B. 86-90, Ashley, 90-2, Schomp, 93-7, Dailey, 97-1901, 
Van Burk, John 1902-1906, Purdy, M. S. 1907-1909, Herge, H. J. 1909- 
21, Davis, E. E. 1921 

Athens 2d, N. Y., 1859. Prentiss, 1904, Spaulding, 60-6, supplied by 
DeMund, 71-1875. Occasional supplies. Dropped 1909. 

Athens, Bradford Co., Pa., 1858. Todd, A. F. 1858-65, Berry, P. 1865-8, 
Shaw, J. F. 1868-70. 

Atlantic Highlands, see Highlands, N.J. 

Atwood, Central Lake, Mich., 1889. Pool, Wm. 1897-1902, Van Heuvelen, 

B. 1902-1909, Burggraaff, Elder (S.S.) 1912, Deelsnyder, C. W. 

1912-1914. Vanden Heuvel, A. J. 1914-1917, Webinga, J. 1917-20, 
Schroeder. P. E. A. 1921 

Auburn, see Owasco Outlet, N.Y. 

Aurelius. Cayuga Co., N.Y., 1813. Probably the same as Owasco Outlet. 
Ten Eyck. C. 1813-26. 

Auriesville. Montgomery Co.. N.Y., 1839. Jukes, 1839-1844, Olinda, Douw, 
S.S.) 1845-1846, Root, 1846-1850, Burnham, I. P. (S.S.) 1851-1854, 
Van Vranken. A. H. (S.S.) 1854-1855, Wells, R. (S.S.) 1858-1860, 
Nott. J. (S.S.) 1861-1878. Dvsart, J. P. (S.S.) 1878, Kip, F. M. 1879- 
1883, Boyd, J. C. (S.S.) 1884-1899, Enders, J. H. (S.S.) 1901, Faber, J. 
P. (S.S.) 1902, Wessels, P. A. 1906-1909, Meeker, E. J. (S.S.) 1909- 

1914, other supplies (S.S.) Hageman, T. A. 1921. See Dailey's 

Hist. Montgomery Classis, 13. 

Aurora, Stickney, S.D., 1915. Classical Missionary, 1916-1919, Dykstra, 
B. D. 1919, Wynveen, B. J. 1921 



6l2 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Aussenberg, 1806, see Canada. 

Avenue B, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Avon, S.D., see Tyndall, S.D. 

Bacon Hill, see Northumberland, N.Y. 

Bahrein, see Arabia. 

Baileyville, Ogle Co., 111., 1884, Zindler, 86-96, De Beer, J. 98-99, DeWitz, 
1899-1902, Thormann, E. H. 1903-1910, Bracker, B. 1911-1914, Landsie- 
del, Wtn. 1914-1915, Watermulder, L. (S.S.) 1917-1919, Wernecke, 
H. 1920 

Baisic, now Westerlo. 

Baker, (Sibley, Melvin), Osceola Co., la., 1894, Missy, A. 1896; supplied, 
Zindler, G. (S.S.) 1901-1903, Denekas, W. 1904-1909, supplied by Clas- 
sis, etc., 1910-14, Niehaus, H. H. 1914-15. 

Baldwin, Wis., 1905. Bloemendal, R. 1905-1907, Vander Scheor, C. 19,08- 
1914, Laman, A. T. 1914-21, Wolterink, J. 1921 

Bannertown, Woodford Co., la., 1882. 

Barren Island, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Basrah, see Arabia. 

Bath-on-the-Hudson, 1892, see Rensselaer, N.Y. 

Battenville, N.Y.. 1807. Duryee, P. H. (S.S.) 1807. 

Battle Creek, Calhoun Co., Mich., 1855. Schultz, 1855-7, Brown, H. J. 
1858-62, Rogers, S. J. 1862-5, Collier, I. 1866-70, Halloway, W. W. 
1872-3, Vander Hart, 1876-7. 

Bayonne, see Jersey City, N. J. 

Bayridge, see N.Y.C., borough of Brooklyn. 

Beach Woods, Tioga Co., N.Y., 1823. Mandeville, G. 24-6. 

Beacon, N.Y., see Fishkill-on-Hudson, Glenham. 

Beacon, N.Y., Italian Mission. Moncada, P. S. 

Beaverdam, Berne, Albany Co., N.Y. First Baptisms 1763. Somer, 1765-7, 
Schuyler, 1767-77, Schneyder, 1785-89, Broffel, 1789-95, Van Huysen, 
1795-97. Bork, 1797-1808, Labagh, 1808-11, DeVoe, 1811-16, Bogardus, 
1821-25, Blair, 1825, Van Wagenen, 1826-31, Myers, 1831-35, Van Kleek, 
1837-42, Mcrsereau. (S.S.) 1844, Demarest, Wm. 1846-50, Vedder, 1851- 
55, Van Liew, J. C. 1856-60, Miller. E. 1860-72, Doig, 1872-86, Wurts, 
1886-93, Roberts, 1894-1901, Sluyter, H. 1902-04, DeGraff, G. D. L. 
1905-08, Seso, A. A. 1911-1919, Reynolds, K. M. 1921 

Berne, ist, was one body with Beaverdam until 1830. 

Beaverdam. See Roxbury. 

Beaverdam, Zeeland, Ottawa Co., Mich., 1870. Brock, J. C. 72-84, Bahler, 
P. G. M. 85-9, Baas, J. 1891-1903, Van Zanten, J. J. 1904-1908, Van 
Der Meer, M. 1909-1911, Te Paske, J. W. 1913-1917, Maassen, Herman, 
1919 

Becker's Corners, N. Y. Noted as- a church. Min. Gen. Syn., 1901, p. 1290. 

Bedford, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Bedminster, Somerset Co., N.J., 1758. Hardenbergh, J. R. 1758-81, Romeyn, 
T. F. 1784-5, Studdiford, P. 1787-1800, Duryee, J. 1786-1800, Schure- 
man, 1801-7, Hardenbergh, C. 1808-20, Fisher, I. M. 21-39, Schenck, 
G. 40-52, Brush, W. 52-65, Pool, 66-75, McNair, 76-92, Jones, T. W. 
1892-1906, Kruizenga, E. R. 1907-1913, Mallery, G. G. 1914-1919, Dur- 
fee, J. F. 1920 . See H. P. Thompson's Hist. of. Christian Intel- 
ligencer, July 7, 1897. 

Beekman, Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1825. Amerman, T. A. (S.S.) 1830-1. 

Bejou, Minn., 1921. Hibm.a, T. 1921 . See Spring Creek, Minn. 

Belfast, Maine, Trinity, see East Belfast. 
Belgrade, Minn., 1921. 
Belle Mead, N.J., see Griggstown, N.J. 

Belleville, (Second River), Essex Co., N.J., 1700. Bertholf, G. (S.S.) 
1700-24, Coens, 1725-30 Van Santvoord, C. 1730-2, Haeghoort, 1735" 
76, Leydt. M. 1779-80, Schoonmaker, H (S.S.) 1784-94. Stryker, P. 



THE CHURCHES 613 

1794-1809, again 1810-12, Van Stanvoord, S. 14-28, Abeel, G. 28-34 
Meyers, A. H. 35-7, Garretson, J. 37-49, DeMund, 50-6, Talmage. T 
D. W. 56-9, Studdiford, P. A. 59-66, Halloway, W. 67-71, Strong, J 
P. 71-9. Voorhees, H. M. 80-2, Brokaw, R. W. 82-8, Leggett, W. J 
89-93, Hageman, A. 95-9, Connor, 1899-1911, Miller, W. J. 1911-1914 

Hamner, J. G. Jr. 1915 

Sec Stcar)i's Hist. A'czvark, NJ. Taylor's Annals Classics of Bcrycn. 

Bellevue, 1893, see Schenectady, N.Y. 

Bellona, see Benton, N.Y. 

Belmond, 1884, see Emmanuel, la., see Meservey, la. 

Belmont, see Anderson Memorial, N.Y.C., Borough of the Bronx. 

Bemis, S. D. 1918. Grull, G. D. 1919-20. 

Bensalem, Bucks Co.. Pa., 1710. (In union with N. and S. Hampton, until 
1719, when it became Presbyterian). Van Vleck. P. 1710-13, Mala- 
chi Jones, 1713-19. See Ch. Records Journal Pres. Hist. Soc. Vol. i, 
No. 1, May, 1901. 

Bentheim, see East Overisel, Mich. 

Benton, Yates Co., N.Y.. 1817. Afterward, Bellona; occasionally sup- 
plied by Duryee, John, from New Jersey. Wack, C. P. 1831-5. Be- 
cainc Presbyterian. 

Berea, Walden, Orange Co., N.Y., 1819. (This was an ofifshoot of the 
Presbyt. Ch. of Goodwill, but became R. D. C. in 1822, in order to 
secure the services of Mr. Ten Eyck). Ten Eyck, J. B. 21-72, Com- 
fort, 72-9, Milliken, P. H. 79-82, Westveer, 82-7, Burrows, 88-91, Win- 
ant, 92-4, Searle, E. V. V. 96-9. Dropped 1902. 

Bergen, 1660, see Jersey City. 

Bergen Neck, 1829, see Bayonne and Jersey City. 

Bergen Point, 1854, see Bayonne and Jersey City. 

Berkshire Valley. Tioga Co.. N.Y., 1826. Mandeville, G. 1826-8. 

Berne 1st, Albany Co., N.Y., 1830. (See Beaverdam). Tarbell, Miss, 
to, 1826. Van Wagenen. '26-31, Meyers, A. H. 31-5, Van Kleek, 35-43, 
Demarest. W. 46-51. Vedder. 51-4, Van Liew. J. C. 56-60, Miller, E. 
60-72, Doig, 72-85, Wurts, 86-93. Roberts. 94-1901, Sluyter, Henry, 
1902-1904. De GrafT, G. D. L. 1905-1908, Seso, A. A. 1911-1919, Rey- 
nolds, K. M. 1921 

Berne, 2d, (Knox), Thompson's Lake, Albany Co., N.Y., 1826; supplied 
by J. G. Tarbell, 26, Cahoone, 27, Stryker, P. (Sr.) 27-9; by Blair, Hali- 
day, Fort, A. Van Santvoord, S. 28-32; Van Arsdale, J. R. 34-5, Van 
Kleek, (S.S.) 36, Waring, (S.S.) 38, Van Santvoord, S. 39-41. Kuies- 
kern. 41-5; Sill. Middlemas, Van Santvoord S., Cordell, 45-68, Ballagh, 
W. H. 68-77, Slocum, 79-83, Lansing, A. G. 84-5, Parsons, 86-94, Lock- 
wood, H. 94-1901, Van Ess, Jacob, 1902-1904, Kelder, Edward 1905- 
1908, Appel, J. B. 1909-1910, Davis, W. E. 1911-1915, Read, Geo. O. 
1921 . See Knox. 

Bethany, Sully Co., la.. 1886. Van Emerick, 87-94. (S.S.) Zwemer, F. 
96-8, Gruys, 1898-1905. Mansen, F. B. 1907-1910, Muller, C. 1910-1913, 
Vander Heidc, James 1913-1919, Bakker, A. 1919-21, Petterson, H. M. 
1921 

Bethany, 1892. see Chicago, 111. 

Bethany, 1893, see Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Bethany, 1899, see Clara City, la. 

Bethany, see Roxboro. Philadelphia, Pa. 

Bethany, see N.Y.C.. borough Brooklyn. 

Bethany. Memorial, see N.Y.C., borough Bronx. 

Bethany, see Kalamazoo, Mich. 

Bethel, Wis.. 1850. 

Bethel. Pclla, Marion Co., la.. 1866. De Pree, 67-72, Wormser, 75-8, 
Westing. 82-4. Wormser (S.S.) 86. Ziegler, 87-92. Heines, 94-6. Troost, 
99-1905, DePree, H. P. 1905-1907. DeBruine. S. 1909-1913. TePaske, 
A. J. 1913-1916, DeBruine, S. 1917-1919. Haan. G. G. 1921 

Bethel. Leota, Minn.. 1891. Dangremond, G. (S.S.) 93-5. Pietenpol. 1895- 



6l4 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1902, Schuurmans, H. P. 1903-1906, HoUebrands, J. J. 1907-1910, Groot- 
enhuis, J. H. E. 1910-1915, Van der Schaaf, J. J. 1916— — 

Bethel, George, la., 1894. Janssen, 96-8, Schnucker, 1899-1903, Ziegler, L. 
1903-1908, supplied 1908. 

Bethel, Davis, S.D., 1896. Teichrieb, 96-7, Koerlin, E. F. 1897-1903, vacant, 
1903-1906, Koerlin, E. F. 1906-1908, vacant, 1908-1912, Kramer, G. 1912- 
1916, Hortsch, H. W. 1917-21. 

Bethel, Detroit, Mich., 1898. Husted, 1898-1901. Dismissed to the Classis 
of Toledo, R.C. U.S. 1901. 

Bethel, Shiloh, Magnolia, Lynchburg, S.C., 1904. Nance, Thomas A. 1904- 
1911. Disbanded Oct. 10, 1911. 

Bethel, see Grand Rapids, Mich., 1906. 

Bethel, see Ellsworth, Minn., 1914. 

Bethlehem, Selkirk, Albany Co., N.Y., 1763. Bork, 1798-1803, Overbagh, 
1805-6, Westervelt, R. 1808-16, Kissam, 1818-41, Willis, 42-51, Simonson, 
52-64, Voorhees, H. M. 65-71, Skillman, 72-83, Davis, J. P. 84-6, De 
Hart, 87-8, Dykstra, L. 88-91, Nasholds, 1891-1905, Hotaling, B. J, 1906- 
1909, Van Woert, H. S. 1909-1919, Mallery, C. G. 1919 

Bethlehem 2d, Delmar, 1848. Ch. Building erected 1841 as "East Branch of 
Union Ch." Served by Simon V, E. Westfall 1841-7, Lansing, J. A. 
48-60, Pearse, 60-98, Clowe, 99-1900, Allen, H. B. 1901-1910. Name 
changed to Delmar, ist, 1913, which see. 

Bethlehem, Albany Co., N.Y., Secession, 1824. 

Bethlehem, Milwaukee Co., Wis., 1850. 

Bethlehem, New* Sharon, Taintor, la., 1894. Supplied occasionally by 
Classical Missionary, 94-1900, Dykstra, B. D. 1900-1901, Classical Mis- 
sionary, 1901-1905, Bruins, B. 1905-1907. Dropped 1913. 

Bethlehem, see Wilhelmina, Md., 1900. 

Bethsaida, Magnolia, S.C, 1904. Peyton, J. B. (S.S.) 1904. Dropped 1912. 

Beverly,^ ]V[ich., 1915. Van den Heuvel, A. J. 1917-20, Van Dyke, Henry 
1920 

Beverwyck, see Albany. 

Biglow, Minn., 1914. Hoffs, Harry 1917-1919. 

Big Timber, Mont. 1911 — see Hope. 

Blawenburgh, Somerset Co., N.J., 1832. (See Harlingen 2d). Heer- 
mance, Henry, 32-5, Talmage, J. R. 37-49, Romeyn, T. B. 49-65, Fritts, 
65-70, Voorhees, W. B. 71-92, Van Orden, 1892-1904, supplied 1904- 
1906, Depue, F. E. 1906-1907, Keator, E. (S.S.) 1908, Fingar, C. J. 
1910-1915, Hotaling, H. K. 1915-1919, Olandt, C. 1921 

Blendon, North, Hudsonville, Mich., 1903, see North Blendon. 

Blendon, South, Hudsonville, Mich., 1883, see South Blendon, 

Blenheim, N.Y., 1798. Labagh, P. 1798-1803 (?). Schermerhorn, C. D. 
1803-1807, Paige, W. supplied at times 1810-1820, P. 1820-1830, Salis- 
bury, Wm. 1831-1834. Bogardus, C. 1834 (?), Knight, Wm. (S.S.) 

1840. Dropped 1842. See South Gilboa. 

Bloomfield, N.J., see Brookdale, N.J. 

Bloomingburgh, Sullivan Co., N.Y., 1819. Du Bois, G. 20-4, Van Vechten, 
S. 24-41, Mills, S. W. (S.S.) 42-3. pastor, 43-58, Serale, Jer. (Jr.) 
58-62, DuBois, H. 63-66, Frazee, J. H. 66-9, Beattie, R. H. 70-2. Todd, 
A. F. 72-6, Lydekker, G. 77-82, Wilson, J. B. 82-6, Stillwell, J. L. 
86-1902, Mclntyre, J. 1903-1907, Lydecker, G. D. 1907-1909, Campbell, 
D. G. 1909-1911, DuBois, A. A. 1912-1914, Colden, Wm. (S.S.) 1915, 
P. 1915—^ 
See Wilson's Hist. Discourse, 1885. 

Bloomingdale, Bloomington, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1796. Smith, T. G. 1799- 
1808, Hasbrouck, J. R. H. 1809-13, Van Keuren, 1826-35, McFarlane, 
1844-5, Strong, T. C. 1845-9, Snyder, B. F. 1850-2, Lente, 1855-63, 
Blauvelt, A. 1866-71, Liebenau, 74-80, Hill, E. 80-2, Westveer. 82, 
Wyckoff, D. W. B. 82-3, Compton, 83-7, Bogardus, F. M. 88-90, Millett, 
Jas. 1890-1902, Force. F. A. 1905-1909, Zabriskie, A. A. 1910-1919. 



THE CHURCHES 6t5 

Bloomingdale, 1805, see New York City, borough Manhattan. 

Blooming Grove, De Freestville, Troy, Rensselaer, Rensselaer Co., N.Y., 
1814. Marselus, N. J. 14-22, Taylor, B. C. 22-5, Dumont, 26-9, Ostran- 
der, S. 31-9, Middlemas, 40-4, Wynkoop, P. S. 44-8, Cornell, W. A. 49- 
52, Spaulding, 52-6, Van Dyck, L. H. 56-61, Staats, J. A. 61-6, Ingalls, 
67-77, Van Doren, W. H. 78-82, McGiffert, 83, Gulick, Jac. I. 85-8, 
Swick, 90-4, Hieber, 95-7, Chrestensen, 1897-1903, Faber, J. P. (S.S.) 
1903-1904, Bulness, J. J. 1906 

Bloomington, 1796, see Bloomingdale, N.Y. 

Bloomington, 1877, see St. Remys, N.Y. 

Blue Island. III., see Mt. Greenwood, Chicago, 111. 

Blue Mountain, Fawns, Saugerties, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1851. Hillman, 52-8, 
Blauvelt, C. J. 59-62, Buckelew, 63-70, Freeze, 72-4, Labaw, 74-82, 
Hooper, J. F. 83-4, Lansing, A. G. 85-7, Wilson, P. Q. (S.S.) 88-91, 
Stowe, L. S. (S.S.) 93, Vander Meulen, I. 98-1901. DeGraff, 1901-1905, 
Kalemjian, Mugerdich N. 1905-1910, Croft, E. O. (S.S.) 1911-1912, 
Hess, N. 1913-1915. 

Boden. la., see Boyden, la. 

Blythebourne, 1890, see N.Y.C., borough Brooklyn. 

Boardville, Passaic Co., N.J. (Mission Station, 1854) ! organized as a 
church, 1877 ; Bernart, Miss, to, 56-77. pastor, 77-82, disbanded, 1883. 
Reorganized, 1885. Disbanded, 1896. 

Bogart Memorial, see Bogota, N.J. 

Boght, Cohoes, Saratoga Co., N.Y., 1784. Demarest, John, 1790-1803, Bas- 
sett, 1805-11, Bronk, 13-22, Steele, J. B. 24-33, Bogardus, C. 34-8, 
Pitcher, W. 40-54, Du Bois, J. 54-9, Major, 60-4, Raymond, 64-71, 
Taylor. G. I. 74-91, Macardel, 91-3, Walser, (S.S.) 1893-1921. 

Bogota, Bogart Memorial, N.J., 1900. Mac Millan. 1900-1902, Purdy, M. S. 

1903-1907. Duncombe, A. 1907-1915, Lane, Stoddard 1915 . (Sheffer, 

H. L.. Acting Pastor, 1917-18), Associate, Shield, F. K. 1919 

Bogota, N.J., Community, 1922, see Teaneck, N.J. 

Bon Homme, S.D., 1884, see Immanuel, S.D. 

Boonton, now Montville. 

Boonton, Morris Co., N.J., 1868. Durand, 68-70. Todd, A. F. 71-2, Wilson, 
F. F. 72-6, Conklin, J. W. 76-80, Walser. 81-2, King, A. A. 83-7, Per- 
lee, 88-91, Mason, A. De W. 91-4, McKelvey, A. 1894-1908, Hageman, 
C. R. 1909-1910, Depue, F. E. 1911-1919. Heroy, G. M. 1919— — 

Borneo, see India. 

(Boston, Mass.. Mission among the Hollanders. 1859. Bechtold. 1859- 
66. again 1868-70. Dutch cong. org. 1873. Vander Kreeke, 1873-81, dis- 
banded. This ch. was Congregational, but the services were con- 
ducted in the Dutch language. See Bechthold). 

Bound Brook. South Bound Brook. Somerset Co.. N.J., 1846. Van Neste, 
47-53. Demarest, W. 54-7. Voorhees, H. V. 58-61, Romaine, B. F. 
62-8. Dutcher. 68-79, Lyall, J. E. 80-1. Talmage, D. M. 82-4. Todd, 
A. F. 84-6. Schock, 88-91, Mershon. 93-5, Anderson, C. T. 1896-1907, 
Stout, D. H. 1907-1909, Green, H. E. 1909 

Bowman's Kill, now Buel. 

Boyden. Boyden Co., la., 1888. Lammers. 90, Muilenberg, 92-4, Bouma, 
94-8. Wolvius, 1898-1903, Van Houte. Jacob 1903-1916, Van Lummel, 
A. J. 1917-1919, Douwstra, R. D. 1919-21, Lumkes, J. M. 1922 

Branchvillc, 1850, see South Branch, N.J. 

Brayminville, .same as Schoharie Mt. 

Brazil, S. A. 1624. Michaelius. at San Salvador. 1624-5. Polhemus. J. 
T., at Olinda and Itamarca, 1637-54. 

Breakabin, North Blenheim. Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1820. Paige, Miss, to, 
22-6, Evans, Wm. Miss. to. 26-7. Quaw, 34-36, Steele. J. B. (S.S.) 
yj, Eggleston. 43-5. Van Woert. J. H. 50-3. See, W. G. E. 53-9, Shaf- 
fer, T. L. 60-7, Vandewater, 67-9, Miller, E. 72-84, Phelps, P. 86-95, 



6l6 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Whitney, 95-8, Beale, 1901-1903. United with a Lutheran Church and 

became Presbyterian 1909. 
Brighton, Rochester, N.Y., 1892, Van Westenberg, 92-6, Betten, D. L. 1897- 

1910, Stegenga, Andrew 1911-1919, Jacobs, H. C 1919-22. 
Brighton Heights. 1823, see N.Y.C., borough of Richmond. 
Bristovv, la., 1910. Schaefer, D. (S.S.) 1914. Wubbena, A. 1915-20. See 

Fairview, la. 
Britton, De Spelder. Michigan, 1879, Kershaw, (S.S.) 79-82, Borden, 83-7, 

GuHck, Jac. I. 91-3, Rederus, (S.S.) 93-5. Nickerson, 97-9, Kooiker, 

1900-1903. Became Presbyterian 1911. 
Britton, Mich., 1893, Rederus S. (S.S.) 93-5, Nickerson, 97-9, Kooiker, 

1900-1903. Dropped 1909. 
Broadway, see Paterson, N.J. 
Bronx, Borough of, see New York City. 
Bronksville, Westchester Co., N.Y., 1850. Stewart, 50-2, Collier, Jos. 52-5, 

Roosevelt, 57-72, Myers, A. E. 73-6, Hutchins, 76-82, Runk, 82-4, 

Rankin, 85-8, McQueen, 91-3, DeVries, J. H. 93-7, Webster, 1897-1903, 

Robertson, J. L. 1903-1915, Barnes, O. T. 1916-1919, Edwards, Deane 

1919 

Brookdale, Bloomfield, N.J. This church was known as Stone House Plains 

until 1903, which see. Bogardus, W. E. 1892-1908, Waldron, Charles E. 

1909-21, Ross, T. M. 1921 

Brookfield, Fairfield Co., Ct., 1869. Roe, 1868-71, Wells. R. 71-5, Allen, 

F. E. (S.S.) "jf^"/, Bogardus, F. M. 77-80. Name of ch. disappears, 

1886. 
Brooklyn, borough of, see New York City. 
Brooklyn, N.Y., 1660, see N.Y.C., borough of Brooklyn. 
Brookville, see Oyster Bay. N.Y. 
Broome, Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1822. The Church of Dyse's Manor was in 

the town of Broome, hence sometimes called Broome. See Dyse's 

Manor, Gilboa. 
Brown Settlement. Sullivan Co., N.Y., 1851. Bernart. 1851-4. 
Brown's Station, Church of the Faithful. Stewartville, Ulster Co., N.Y., 

1900. Zabriskie, A. A. 1901-1904. Disbanded 1909. 
Brownville. N.Y., see Oyster Bay, N.Y. 

Brunswick, (Copperas), Peoria Co., 111., 1840. Sill, 1841-9, Presbyt. 
Bruynswick, see Shawangunk, N.Y. 
Buckbrook. Sullivan Co., N.Y., 1858. An out-station of Callicocn after 

1863. 
Buck Creek, Okl. 1904, Marsilje, P. J. (S.S.) 1904, Hoffman, J. J. (S.S.) 

1907, Colby. H. E. (S.S.) 1908. Disappears. 
Bucks Co.. Pa. Dutch Chs. organized therein in 1710, at North and South 

Hampton. Bensalem, Neshaminy. etc. Written, Buxconti, in Records 

at Amsterdam. Neths. 
Buel, (Bowman's Kill). Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1802. Toll, J. C. 1803- 

1807, became Presb. 1809-1842, became Reformed, Starks, 1840-1842, 

Clark, W. (S.S.) 1842-1844, became finally Pres. 1847. See Dailey- 

Hist. Montgomery Classis ill. 
Buen Creek. Okl. 1907. Probably a mistake for Buck Creek. 
Buffalo. Erie Co., N.Y.. 1838. Beattie. John 38-44, Mabon. W. V. V., 

Miss, to 44-6. Disbanded. 
Buffalo. (Hoi.) 1853. Wust, 55-6. Kasse. 61-4. Boer, 1876-9. Name of 

Ch. disappears in 1883. 
Buffalo, 1855. See. J. L.. Miss, to 1854-5, pastor, 1855-61. Disbanded. 
Buffalo, N. Y.. 1898. Lafayette av. Beaver. 1898-1901, Cussler, 1901-1911, 

Benson, C. H. 1911-1916. Torrens. W. R. 1917 

Buffalo Centre. Kas. Co.. la., 1893. Huenemann, 94-8, Watermuelder, L 

1899-1913. Schoon, J. H. 1914. 
Burlington, Des Moines Co., Iowa, 1853. Madoulet, 1853-5, Muller, J. 

1858-60. 



THE CHURCHES 



617 



Burnetsfield, German Flats, N.Y., 1736. \Veiss, G, M. \736-42. The 
name of this place had quite disappeared from view until the letters 
of Weiss brought it again to light; nor was the locality of Weiss 
known for this period. See Weiss. 
Bushkill, Pa., see Walpack, Lower. . -c- id .« ^n WvrWnff 

Bushnell, McDonough Co., 111., 1856. Livingston, E. ?• 58-70, Wyckoff, 
J 71-4, Bodine, 74-9, Sharpley, G. 80-4, Owens, 84-6, Jones, T. W. 
88-91, Sonnema, 95-7, Miedema, 1897-1900. Dropped 1904. 
Bushrah. see Arabia. , , r> 11 

Bushwick {Boght), 1654. See N.Y.C., borough of Brooklyn 
Buskirk's, (Union of Sinthoik and Tiossiock, Teoshoke or Tia shake) , Wash- 
ington Co NY, 1792. Smith, S. 1794-1800, Paige, 1800-1802, Froehgh, 
Td 1803-8, Ostrander, S. 1810-20, Fonda, (S.S.) 1822, 27 and 29, 
Van Hook"! Miss, to, 22, Switz. 23-6, Quaw Miss, to, 29 Heermance, 
Har. 1830-31 and 43-5, Pitcher, J. H. 33-43, Newton E. H. 45-48, bearle, 
S. T. 48-50, Shaw, J. B. Si-9, Gardner, T. A. 6i-7, Furbeck 67-7S, 
Ogden, 76-81, Southland, 81-91, Hogan, R. J. 94-7, F^^^.^' J^98-i9^. 
StiUwell J. L. 1902-1908, Phelps, P. T. (S.S.) 1908-10, Pitcher, C. W. 

1912-1913, supplied 1918 

Buskirk's Bridge, same as Buskirk's. .^ ^ 

Byron Centre, Mich., 1910. Classical Missionary ^9io, Walvoord, W C 
1911-1914, Droppers, O. G. 1915-1919. Van Egmond, H. 1919-20, Van 
Westenburg, J. 1921 

Caatsban, 1730, see Kaatsban, N.Y a .. f, 

Caledonia (Madison), Dane Co., Wis., 1843- Slingerland, 44-6. 

CaiHcoon \Thumansville), Sullivan Co., NY :856^ ^°f X'hmo'lz' 
Schnellendreussler, 66-9, Elterich. 71-5, Windermuth 80-1 Schmolz, 
81-3, Miller. H. 85-8. Unglaub, 1888-1904. Straub, J. L. I90() 

Callicoon Centre, see Callicoon. 

Calvary, see Cleveland. ' 

Calvary, see Grand Rapids. 

Cambria, see Randolph Centre. . r 1 T^ 1 i.- 

Camp 1710 A general name for the settlements of the Palatmes on 
each side of the Hudson. These settlements soon became known as 
East Camp, (Kingsbury, Germantown). and West Camp^ near Kaats- 
ban See East Camp and West Camp. Smith's, N.Y., 199. Doc 
Hist. N.Y.. iii. 382-392. See also Kinysbury. (sometimes misprintea 
Kingsbcrg), and Livingston Manor. 

Camptown, see Irvington. N.J. 

Canada, Churches in : 

Adolphustown. 1798. 1804. McDowell. 1800-19. Vo,^„ 

Elizabethtown, 1798, embracing Augusta and Yonge as stations. KerDy, 

1801 

Frederickstown. 1798. McDowell. 1800-19. 

Ernesttown, 1798. McDowell, 1800-19. 

Matilda. 1798. 1806. 

Williamsburgh, 1798, 1806. 

Bay of Cante or Quinte, 1798- 

Osnaburgh, 1806. 

Markham. 1806. McDowell was general 

Toronto. 1806. I missionary to all these 



Kleinville. 1809 

Sydney. 1809. 

Little York, 1810. Burned in the 
War of 1812, now Toronto, 
embracing, perhaps a score 
of churches. 

Sophiasburgh. 1810. 

Hallowell. 1816. Now Pictou. 



Canadian churches. 



6l8 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

German church 25 miles north of York, 1806. (Now Toronto). In 
1819, Rev. C. D. Schermerhorn is represented as ready to join Mc- 
Dowell and settle in Canada, and in 1823, as actually settled there 
in Talbot street, Toronto. See Domestic Missions. Also Mag. R. 
D. C. i. 34- 
For Canadian Church History, see Life and Times of Robert Burns, 
D.D., pub. by Campbell & Son, Toronto ; Kemp's Digest of the 
Minutes of the Syn. of Presbyt. Ch. Canada, (the Free Church) ; 
pub. by John Lovell, Montreal, 1861. Historical Statistical Report 
of the Presby. Ch. of Canada, in connection with the Ch. of Scot- 
■ ■ land, for the year 1866 ; pub. by Lovell, Montreal, 1867. The 

Year Book of the Dominion of Canada, 1875. History of Foreign 
Missions of the Secession and United Presbyt. Ch. by Rev. Dr. 
John McKerrow, has much reliable Canadian Church History in 
it. (Edinburgh, Scotland). Mr. H. M. McCollum wrote an elab- 
orate series of articles in the Canada Presbyterian on Canadian 
Church History, in 1879-80, with many interesting references to 
the R. D. missionaries. Later histories have no doubt been pub- 
lished. See Doc. Hist. N.Y. iii, 686. McClintock's Cyc. viii, 544. 
Canada, see Alberta, Ald«rson, New Holland, Carlstadt, Alberta, Mon- 
arch, Alberta, New Holland, Alderson. 
Canajoharie (Sand Hill) Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1750. Rosencrantz, A. 
1752-1758, and at times between 1765-1794, Loppius (Lupp) 1760-1765, 
Kennipe about 1775-1779, Gros occasionally 1779-1783, Broeffle, 1784- 
1788, Peck, D. C.*A. 1788-1796, Gros, 1796-1800, Labagh, L 1800-1803, 
Wack, J. 1804-1824, also at times Toll 1805-1815, Hasbrouck, J. R. H. 
1820-1826. See Fort Plain, 1831, Doc. Hist, i, 340. 
The churches of Canajoharie, Fort Plain, and Stone Arabia were 
burned in 1780 in the invasion under Brandt. See Fort Plain, Stone Arabia, 
Fort Herkimer, Daily Hist. Montgomery Classis, 112, etc. 
Canajoharie (independent), 1816. Wack, J. J. 1816-27. 
Canajoliarie, Seceder, {Westcrlo and Middletozmi) , 1822. Toll, 1822-42. 
Canajoharie, 1827. Van Olinda, supply, 27-30, Wells, R. 30-4, Van Kleek, 
34-6, Robertson. 36-9, Dunning, 42-5, McFarlane, 45-8, DeWitt, L. 48-9, 
Chapman, N. F. 50-54, Hammond, E. S. (S.S.) 54-6, Welton, A. (S.S.) 
1856-1857, Romaine, (S.S.) 1857-8, P. 1859-62, Van Zandt, B. 1862-9, 
Williams, R. R. 1870-83, Lansing, J. A. (S.S.) 1883-4, Haines, F. S. 
1884-91, Denman, 1892-6, Peters, J. D. 1897-1910, Davis, George 1911- 

14, Blekkink, V. J. 1914 . See Daily Hist. Montgomery Classis, 17. 

Canarsie, L. L (Ger.) 1877, see N.Y.C, borough of Brooklyn. 
Canastota, Madison Co., N.Y., 1833. Gregory, T. B. (S.S.) 34-6, Stry- 
cker, P. (S.S.) 36, Goetschius, S. Z. (S.S.) 36-7, Hyde, Orin, Presbyt. 
(S.S.) 37, Van Santvoord, C. S. 38-9, White, A. (S.S.) Pres. 39- 
40, Rand, 41-4, Drake, 45-53, Gaston, A. H. (S.S.) Pres. 55-6, Bogar- 
dus, N. (S.S.) 58-9, Garretson, J. 59-61, Little, Jas. A. (S.S.) Pres. 
■ 61-3, Wurts, 63-8, Lockwood, J. H. 71-3, Wurts, (S.S.) 77-8. Name 
disappears 78-89, reappears 90-4. became Pres. See Daily Hist., Mont- 
gomery Classis, 115. 
Canton, 1830, see China. 

Carlstadt, Alberta, Canada, see New Holland. 

Carmel, Rock Valley, Sioux Co., la., 1896. Te Selle, 97-1900, Dykhuysen, 
H. 1901-1904, Kots, J. W. 1905-1911, Dejonge, B. 1912-1914, Schut, 

Henry, 1915-1918, Tietema, J. H. 1919 

Caroline, Tompkins Co., N.Y., 1800. Mandeville, G. 1802-4. 

Caroline, 1831. Wack, C. P. 1831, Tarbell, 32-40, Gates, 42-50, Whitbeck, 

J. 52-68. See Dailey Hist. Montgomery Classis, 115. 
Case Township, Moore, Okl. 1906, Sandham Memorial. 
Castalia, S. D. 1884, see Charles Mix, S.D. 
Castleton, Emmanuel, Rensselaer Co., N.Y.. 1853. Stimpson, E. P. 53-61, 



THE CHURCHES 619 

Heermance, E. L. 61-9, Mills, G. A. 70-82, Campbell, A. D. 82-9, Dun- 
lap, (S.S.) 88-9, Wyckoff, C. E. 91-3, Thomas, E. E. 1894-1904, Wyckoff, 
A. C. 1906-1909, Soper, W. P. 1909-1914, MacCuIlum, E. A. 191 5 

Castlewood, Dempster, S.D., 1908. Denekas, W. (S.S.), 1910-1918, Rozen- 
dal, A. 1918-22. 

Castorland, see Naumberg. 

Catlin, Cayuga Co., N.Y., 1831. Rogers, L. 1832-3. 

Cato, Cayuga Co., N.Y., 1818. De Fraest, 21-6, Wyncoop, R. Miss, to, 
2y, Stevenson, Miss, to, 28-9, Hoffman, 31-43, Knight, R. W. 45-52, 
Morse, A. G. 57-9, Watson, T. G. 61-9, Swick, 69-71, Wilson, F. F. 
l^'Z. Van Doren, 74-6, Wells, R. 76-80. In 1884 became Presbyterian. See 
Dailey's Hist. Montgomery Classis, 116. 

Cato Seceder, 1827. 

Catskill, (Old) afterward called Madi.son and Leeds; Green Co., N.Y., 1732. 
Census for 1720 in Doc. Hist, i, 244. Weiss, 1732-35, Van Seine, 1736- 
38, Mancius, 1738, Weiss, 1744, Schnoor, 1747-48, Frelinghuysen, T. 
1749-52, Schuneman, 1753-94, supplied by Labagh,. Ostrander, Van 
Vlierden, Demarest, Jn. Brinkerhoff, Froeligh, Van Hussen, 1794-98, 
Labagh, 1798-1809, Ostrander, H. 1810-12, Wynkoop, P. S. 1814-17, 
Wyckoff, L N. i8i8-Mar. 9, 1833, at this date this organization (at 
Leeds) was abandoned, and the consistory adjourned, sine die. (See 
Catskill village and Leeds). 

Catskill, Greene Co., N.Y., 1833, as a station, supplied by Wyckoff, L N. 
28-33; Wyckoff, L N. 33-6. Romeyn, Jas. 36-41, Murdock, 42-51, Van 
Gieson, 53-5. Welch, 56-9, Lansing, J. A. 60-6, Horton, 67-73, Thompson, 
J. B. 74-84, Vanslyke, E. 84-97, Demarest, W. H. S. 97-1901, Demarest, 
Alf. 1901-1904, Berg, L H. 1906-1912, Dykstra, J. A. 1912-1918, Muste, 
C. B. 1918-21, Bennink, J. E. 1922 

Catskill, see Kiskatom. 

Caughnawaga, New Broadalbin, 1758, see Fonda, N.Y. 

Cawker City, see Rotterdam, Kan. 

Cedar Grove, (formerly Holland), Sheboygan Co., Wis., 1854. Beidler, 
Miss, to, 55, Vander Schuuer, 55-6, Van Lieuwen, 57-9, Vandcrmeulen. 
J. C. 61-3, Stobelar, 64-73, Borgers, 74-81, Wormser, A. 82-7, Stapel- 
kamp. 88-94, Veldman, 95-8, Van Zanten, 1899-1904, Klerk, Ab. 1904- 
191 1, Kuypers, C. 191 1 

Centennial Chapel, see N.Y.C., borough of Brooklyn. 

Central, see Sioux Centre, la. 

Central Avenue, see Jersey City. 

Central, see Oskaloosa, la. 

Central, see Grand Rapids. 

Central Bridge, Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1875. Millspaugh, 1876-8, Buckelew, 
78-86, Beekman, T. A. 89-93, Lipes, 94-5, Jongneel, Jas. 95-9, Voegelin, 
1900-1902, Hageman, P. K. 1903-1906, Moffett, E. O. 1906-1912, More- 
house, H. C. 1912-1913. Disappears 1916. 

Central Lake, Mich., see Atwood. 

Central Park Reformed Church, Mich. New name 1922 of Graafschap 
Church, which see. 

Centreville, Athenia, Passaic Co., N.J., 1882. McKelvey, A. 82-3, Still- 
well, J. L. 84-6, Dubois, Anson, 87-1901, Van Arsdale, N. H. 1901- 
1909, Poppen, J. 1910-1914, Scudder, H. J. 1915-1919, Hotaling, H. K. 
1919-1921, Hageman, T. A. 1921 

Centreville, St. Joseph Co., Mich., 1839. (Ketchum, Miss, to 1836), Ben- 
nett, 39-44. McNeish, 44-6, Seeber, 47-8, Minor, 48-50, Schultz, J. N. 
.53-5. Kershow, 55-65, Van Vranken, A. H. 65-80, Peeke, A. P. 81-91, 
Sonnema, 91-5, Bailey, H. S. 1896-1902, Kooiker, G. 1903-1905, Simpson, 
H. A. (S.S.) 1906-1907. Disappears 1909. 
Address at Semi-Centennial, 1891. See Peek's Hist. 

Centreville, Turner Co., S.D., i88c. (Known simply as Dakota, until 1884). 



620 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Warnshius, H. W. 81-Q2, Nickerson, 92-6, Midema, 96-07. Disbanded 
1898. 

Ceylon, see India. 

Chancellor, S.D., 1904. Haken, G. 1904-1906, Wubbena, A. 1907-1915, Ach- 
termann, H. 1915-21. Frerichs. J. B. 1921 . See Lennox, ist. 

Chandler, Minn., 191 1. Kots, J. W. 1911-1913, Reinhart, Harry E. 1913- 
1920, Klerekoper, J. 1920 

Chapel on the Heights, (Bethany), 1855, see N.Y.C., borough of Brooklyn. 

Chapin, 1890, see Zion, la. 

Charles Mix (Castalia and Platte), Harrison, S.D., 1884. Zwemer, F. J. 
85-92, Mollema, 1893-1901, Dykstra, B. D. (S.S.) 1903, Pastor, 1904- 
1913, Oldenburger, T. 1914-1916, Van Dyk, A. 1919 

Charles St. Chapel, 1916, see West Hoboken, N.J. 

Charlestown, Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1797. Wyckoff, H. V. 17 — 1803, Van 
Buren, P. 1805, Hasbrouck, J. R. H. 1820-6, Morris, J., Miss, to, 27-9, 
Chittenden, Miss, to, 31-3. See Dailey Hist. Montgomery Classis, 117. 

Charlestown 2nd, 1803. Wyckoff, H. V. 1803-20, Van Kuren, Miss, to, 1824. 

Charlestozvn, Seccder. 1822. Wyckoff , H. V. 1822-9. 

Charlestown 2nd, Sccedcr, 1824. 

Charlestown, Independent, 1829. Wyckoff, H. V. 1829-31? 

Charleston, S.C. (station). Lyall, Wm. 1865-6. 

Charlevoix, Mich., see South Barnard. 

Chatham, Columbia Co., N.Y., 1843. Porter, E. S. 43-9, Williamson, N. 
D. 50-1, Schenck, J. W. 51-3, Holmes, E. 53-9, Mead, 59-70, Campbell, 
Jas. B. 70-3, Van Ai'sdale, N. H. 74-80, Brown, T. S. 80-97, Denman, 
97-1901, Leggett, W. J. 1901-1917, Wright, R. C. 1918 

Chenango (near Binghamton) Broome Co., N.Y., 1794. Cornelison, J. 1794, 
Ward, J. W. 1824-31. Became Presbyterian. See. Dailey Hist. Mont- 
gomery Classis, 117. 

Cherry Hill, Bergen Co., N.J., 1876. Name changed to North Hackensack, 
1812, which see 

Cherrytown, (station), Ulster Co., N.Y. Higgins, (S.S.) 1878-9. 

Chester, now Westerlo. 

Chiang-Chiu, see China. 

Chicago, Cook Co., 111., churches in : 

1. Chicago, Hoi. I3tii Place, 1853. Vander Meulen, C. 59-61, Bolks, 61-2, 
Klyn, 63-8, Debey, 68-91, Bloemendal, 91-4, Joldersma, 95-9, Harmeling, 
H. 1900-1907, Boer, N. 1907-1910, Schuurman, H. P. 1910-1913, Schip- 
pers, N. 1913-1918, Broekstra, M. E. 1918 

2. Chicago, 2nd, (American Refd.), 1854. Ferris, J. M. 54-62, William- 
son, N. D. 62-5, Demarest, Jas. 66-71, Gulick, U. D. 72-5. Name of 
ch. dropped after 1880. 

3. Norwood Park, 1871. Gulick, U. D. 70-2, Gulick, A. V. 72-82, Rocke- 
feller, 82-4, Joralmon, 84-95, Hutchinson, 96-1900, Miedema, 1900-1903, 
Thurston, J. A. 1904-1916. Church became Presbyterian, 1916. 

4. Irving Park, N. 42nd Av., 1874. Lansing, A. G. 74-7, Van Vranken, 
H. H. 77—, Phraner, W. H. 83-8, Williamson, W. H. 89-92, Fairchild, 
92-4, Brooks, J. W. 94-8, Baker, F. P. 1899-1913. Church and Pastor 
became Presbyterian, 191 3. 

5. Roseland, ist, Mich. Av. and 107 st., 1879. Kriekaard, C. 79-84, Van 
Ess, B. 84-90, Moerdyk, W. 1900-1905, Hospers, H. 1905-1909, Flipse, 
M. 1909-1914, Heemstra, J. F. 1914-1919, Harmling, H. 1921 

6. Englewood, 62nd and Peoria sts.. 1886. Dejong, J. P. 87-93, Dykstra, 
L. 93-8, Hospers, H. 1900-1905, Broekstra, M. E. 1905-1908, Nettinga, 
S. C. 1909-1912, Van Duine, A. M. 1912-1915, Lumkes, J. M. 1916-22. 

7. Roseland, 2nd, Bethany, iiith st., 1890. Hekhuis, G. J. 1891-1906, Steu- 
nenberg, J. 1907-1912, Lamar, J. 1912 

8. Gano, Clark and 117th sts.. 1891. Warnshuis, J. W. 91-5, Poot, 95-8, 



THE CHURCHES 62I 

Bouma, P. A. J. 1898-1903, Douwstra, R. D. 1904-1910, Sietsema, J. 
1911-1919, Kuite, J. 1921 

9. Trinity, 446 Marshfield Av., 1891. Moerdyke, Peter, 1892-1907, Van 
Peursem, J. 1908-1912, Heemstra, J. 1914-1918. Church dissolved 1919. 

10. Northwestern, W. Superior st. (Presbyt. 1888). R. C. A. 1893. Van 
den Hook, 88-96, Vander Werf, 96-9, Boer, H. K. 1900-1902, Dejonge, 
B. 1902-1904. Niemeyer, G. 1905-1908, Vander Heide, J. 1911-1913, 
Teeuwissen, W. (S.S.) 1916-1917, Huiser, John (S.S.) 1918. 

11. Englewood. 2d, W. 66th, Chicago, 111., 1902. Van der Meulen, J. 1903- 
1905, Brinkinan, B. F. 1906-1910. Klerk, A. 1911-1913, Dykstra, L. 1913- 
1918, Vandenberg, R. 1919 

12. Immanuel Mission, Clerk St., Chicago, 111.. 1901. (Fausett, J. E. 1901), 
(Van Ess, J. 1901-1902), DeHaan, J. (S.S.) 1902-1904. Church dis- 
appears 1905. 

13. West Side, Oak Park, Chicago, III., 1911- Braak. P. 1912-1916, Pieten- 
pol, H. J. 1916-1920, Vander Naald, H. 1922 

14. Emmanuel, loist PI., Chicago, 111., 1915. Bennink, J. E. 1915-1917, Pot- 
geter, Luppo. 191 8 

15. West Side, Hungarian, S. Ashland Ave., Chicago, 111., 1915. Krisik, 
Alois 1915-1917, Sebestyen, Endre, (S.S.) 1918. 

16. Kensington Italian Mission, Indiana Ave., Chicago. 111., 1915. Malta, 
Frank 1916-17, Papa, J. M. A. 1917 

17. Summit, Chicago Lawn, Chicago, 111., 1899. Included in Chicago, 1918. 
DeHaan, J. (S.S.) 1899-1903, Ossewaarde, M. 1905-1908, Niemeyer, G. 
1908-1913, Van Vliet, Wm. 1913-1916. Meulendyke, J. 1916-1919, Te 
Grootenhuis, J. H. E. 1919 

China — Mission Field. 

This mission was founded in 1842. The Reformed Church shares with 
the London Missionary Society and the Presbyterian Church in England 
the responsibility for evangelizing the southern part of the Province of 
Fukien. In 1918 a portion of the territory formerly assigned to the London 
Missionary Society was transferred to the Reformed Church, thus greatly 
enlarging the geographical area of the Mission. It is estimated that the 
total population of the districts assigned to the Reformed Church Mission 
exceeds three million. 

From the beginning, the organization of the Chinese Churches resulting 
from the evangelistic work has been independent of the Churches in America 
and Great Britain. The Churches established by the Missions of the Re- 
formed Church and the English Presbyterian Church have also from the 
beginning been united in one Church, the first Classis having been organized 
in 1862. In 1893 this Classis was divided into two, and the organization of 
the Synod of South Fukien was completed. In 19 19 the Churches established 
by the London Missionary Society entered this United Church, so that now, 
with the exception of a few stations of the Seventh Day Adventists. all the 
Protestant Churches in South Fukien are united in one Church body. The 
previous editions of this Manual gave a detailed list of the churches and 
stations of the Reformed Chuch Mission in China, but as these are not 
constituent parts of the Reformed Church Mission, they are omitted from 
this edition. The names however are found in their alphabetical location. _ 

The stations at which the missionaries of the Reformed Church reside 
and the dates of their opening are as follows : 

Amoy 1842 

Sio-khe 1889 

Chiang-chiu i°95 

Tong-an 1B95 

Leng-na IQIQ 



622 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

MISSIONARIES OF THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 
TO AMOY, CHINA. 

Went Out Retired 

Rev. David Abeel, D.D 1842 1845* 

Rev. Elihu Doty 1844 1865* 

Mrs. Eleanor (Ackley) Doty 1844 1845* 

Mrs. Mary (Smith) Doty 1847 1858* 

Rev. W. J. Pohlman 1844 1849* 

Mrs. Theodosia R. (Scudder) Pohlman 1844 1845* 

Rev. J. V. N. Talmage, D.D 1847 1892* 

Mrs. Abby F. (Woodruff) Talmage 1850 1862* 

Mrs. Mary E. (Van Deventer) Talmage 1865 1912* 

Rev. J. S. Joralmon 1855 i860 

Mrs. J. S. Joralmon 1855 i860 

Rev. Daniel Rapalje 1858 1901 

Mrs. Alice (Ostrom) Rapalje 1878 1901 

Rev. Alvin Ostrom 1858 1864 

Mrs. Susan (Webster) Ostrom 1858 1864 

Miss Caroline E. Adriance 1859 1864* 

Rev. John E. Watkins. (Lost at sea) i860 i860* 

Mrs. John E. Watkins. (Lost at sea) i860 i860* 

Rev. Leonard W. Kip, D.D 1861 1901* 

Mrs. Helen (Culbertson) Kip 1865 

Rev. Augustus Blauvelt .* 1861 1864* 

Mrs. Jennie (Zabriskie) Blauvelt 1861 1864 

Rev. J. Howard Van Doren 1864 1873* 

Rev. John A. Davis 1868 1871* 

Mrs. Emma C. (Wyckoff) Davis 1868 1871 

Miss Helen M. Van Doren 1870 1877 

Miss Katharine M. Talmage 1874 

Miss Mary E. Talmage 1874 

Rev. David M. Talmage 1877 1880 

Rev. Alexander S. Van Dyck 1882 1896 

Mrs. Alice (Kip) Van Dyck 1886 1896 

Rev. Philip W. Pitcher 1885 1915* 

Mrs. Anna F. (Merritt) Pitcher 1885 1916 

Miss Y. May King, M.D 1887 1888 

Rev. John A. Otte, M.D 1887 1910* 

Mrs. F. C. (Phelps) Otte 1887 1911 

Rev. John G. Fagg 1887 1894 

Mrs. Margaret (Gillespie) Fagg 1889 1894 

Miss Elizabeth M. Cappon 1891 1909* 

Miss Nellie Zwemer 1891 

Miss Margaret C. Morrison 1892 

Miss Lily N. Duryee 1894 

I. S. F. Dodd, M.D 1894 1895 

Mrs. Mary (Carpenter) Dodd 1894 1895 

Rev. A. D. D. Eraser 1895 1898 

F. T. B. Fest, M.D 1896 1898 

Mrs. Emmy M. (Hartwig) Fest 1896 1898 

Rev. Hobart E. Studley 1896 1903 

Mrs. Edith J. (Holbrow) Studley 1898 1903 

Miss M. Van B. Calkoen 1896 1899 

C. Otto Stumpf , M.D 1899 1906 

Mrs. Eleanor (Barwood) Stumpf 1899 1906 

Miss Angie M. Myers, M.D 1899 1904 

Miss Louise Brink 1899 1902 

Rev. A. Livingston Warnshuis 1900 1921 



THE CHURCHES 



623 



Mrs. Anna (De Vries) Warnshuis 

Rev. Douwe Cornelius Ruigh. (Transferred to Japan). 
Mrs. Christine (Carst) Ruigh. (Transferred to Japan). 

Rev. Harry P. Boot 

Mrs. Nettie (Kleinheksel) Boot 

Rev. Frank Eckerson 

Miss Sarah R. Duryee 

Miss Alice Duryee 

Miss Elisabeth H. Blauvelt, M.D 

Miss Gertrude Wonnink 

Rev. Henry J. Voskuil 

Mrs. Mary W. ( Shepard) Voskuil 

Rev. Henry P. DePree 

Mrs. Kate ( Everhard) DePree 

Miss Katharine R. Green 

Mrs. Anna H. ( Afcengs) Boot 

Rev. Steward Day (1908-1914) 

Mrs. Rachel M. (Smith) Day (1908-1914) 

John H. Snoke. M.D 

Mrs. Mary E. ( Shelton) Snoke 

Miss Leona Vander Linden 

Andrew Benthius, M.D 

Mrs. Nellie ( De Young) Benthius 

Rev. William H. Giebel 

Mr. Herman Renskers 

Mrs. Bessie M. (Ogsbury) Renskers 

Edward T. Strick. M.D 

Mrs. Edith ( Walker) Strick 

Miss Maude Norling 

Miss Edna K. Beekman 

George W^ Dunlap, M.D. * 

Taeke Bosch, M.D 

Mrs. Margaret (Brown) Bosch 

Mr. Frederick J. Weersing 

Mrs. Bata (Bemis) Weersing 

Miss Edith C. Boynton 

Rev. Lyman A. Talman 

Mrs. Rose E. (Hillcr) Talman 

Rev. H. Michael Veenschoten 

Mrs. Stella E. (Girard) Veenschoten 

Rev. Henry Poppen 

Mrs. Dorothy C. (Trompen) Poppen 

Rev. Harvey L Todd 

Mrs. Ethel M. (Langwith) Todd 

Rev. Edwin W. Koeppc 

Mrs. Elizabeth M. (Renskers) Koeppe 

Clarence H. Holleman, M.D 

Mrs. Ruth ( Vanden Berg) Holleman 

Rev. Matthijs Vandeweg, M.D 

Mrs. Maria A. (Stempels) Vandeweg 

Miss Petra Johnsen 

Rev. Henry Beltman 

Mrs. Sara (Trompen) Beltman 

Miss Tena Holkeboer 

Miss Jean Nicnhuis 

Mr. William Vander Meer 

Miss Elizabeth G. Bruce 



1900 


I92I 


1902 


1 90s 


1904 


1905 


1903 




1903 


1908" 


1903 




1903 


1905 


1903 


1911^ 


1905 


1908 


1906 


1908 


1907 




1908 




1907 




1907 




1907 




1908 




I9I6 




I9I6 




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I9I8 


1908 


1918 


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1909 


I9I4 


1909 


I9I4 


1909 


I9I3 


I9I0 




I9I0 




I9II 




I9II 




I9I2 




I9I4 




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I9I5 




I9I5 




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I92I 




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1922 


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1921 





624 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Chioh-be, 1859, see China. 

Chittenango, Madison Co., N.Y., 1828. Taylor, H. 28-30, Yates, A. 30-4, 
Campbell, W. H. Sept. i, 31 — July 2, 32, Slingerland, 33-4, Manton 
(S.S.) 1834-36, Hoes, 36-7, Abel, 38-55, Hastings, 56-59, Talmage, J. R. 
60-9, Enders, 69-80, Thatcher, 1880-87. Became Presbyterian, 1888. See 
Daily Hist. Montgomery Classis, 118. 

Chittoor, 1853, see India. 

Christ Church, 1871, see Newark, N.J. 

Christ, 1830, see Utica, N.Y. 

Chukonot, now Florida, N.Y. 

Church of Jesus, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Church of the Comforter (Wiltwick), 1863, see Kingston, N.Y. 

Church of the Comforter, 1894, see N.Y.C., Borough of the Bronx. 

Church of the Faithful, 1898, see Brown's Station, N.Y. 

Church-on-the-Heights, 1851, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Churchville, 1710, see N. and S. Hampton, Pa. 

Churchville, Holland, Luctor, Pipestone Co., Minn., 1897. Mennings, 1897- 
1902, DeGroot, D. 1903-1905, Grooters, P. 1906-1908, Vander Beek, John 
1909-1915, Cook, G. E. 1915-1919. 

Cicero, Onondaga Co., N.Y., 1835. Evans, Wm. (S.S.) 1836-8, Hyde, O. 
(S.S.) 1839, Seely, A. W. 1840-44, Turner, W. E. (S.S.) 1845, Bald- 
win, T. (S.S.) 1846-7, Liddell, J. (S.S.) 1848-9, Williamson, N. D. B. 
1849-50, DuBois, J. 1850-54, Robinson, S. N. 1854-56, Gray, J. 1856-7, 
Hebard. F. 1857^ Humpersly, G. W. 1863-5, Schell, L. (S.S.) 1866, Law- 
rence, D. W. 1874-76, Edmondson, J. 1879-81, Babcock, M. (S.S.) 
1881-2, Strail, H. A. (S.S.) 1883-4, students, 1884-90, Smith, E. E. 
1890-91, Ruhl, 1891-92, Wilcox, A. J. 1892, Emmons, 1897-8, Harsh, G. 
E. 1899-1900, Smith, H. 1901-2, Erler, J. 1903-04, students 1907-11, De- 
Hollander, J. A. 1913-15, students, 1915-20, Malefyt, P. 1920 . See 

Dailey, Hist, of Montgomery Classis, 21. 

Cincinnatus, Cortland Co., N.Y., 1825. See Dailey, Hist, of Montgomery 
Classis, 119. 

Clara City, Bethany, (German), Chippewa Co., Minn., 1899. Chr. End, 
Ch. No. 17, Aeilts, 1900-1903, Veenker, G. 1904-1909, Bauer, C. 1910 

Clara City, (Dutch) Chippewa Co., Minn., 1897. Krickaard, C. 95-8, 
Aeilts, (S.S.) 1900-1904. Vacant. 

Claraville, (Upper Neversink), Grahamville, Sullivan Co., N.Y., 1849. Ber- 
nart, 51-6, Jones, D. A. 58-63, Hammond, J. W. 63-7, Turner, W. E. 
(S.S.) 67-72, MiUiken, R. P. 76-83, Lane, G. 85-88, Coombs, Wm. 90-3. 
vacant 1893-1902, Hauser, G. 1902-1906, vacant. 

Claremont, S. D. 1920. 

Clarkstown (New Hempstead), West Nyack, Rockland Co., N.Y., 1749, 
Verbryck, S. 1750-84, Lansing, N. 1784-1830, Hunt, 30-2, Warner, A. 
H. Z^-7y Quick, P. J. 37-66, Lippincott, 66-72, Schenck, F. S. 72-7, 
Streng. 77-82. Hageman, C. S. (S.S.) 82-4, Talmage, D. M. 84-8, 
Zwemer, S. M. (S.S.) 88-90, Hill, Eng. 90-7, Conover, G. M. 1897- 
1905. Randolph, E. T. F. 1906-1916, Van Orden, J. S. (S.S.) 1916-1921, 
Hotaling, H. K. 1921 . See Ch. Int., July 4, 1900. 

Clarksto-um, Secession, 1825. Lansing, J. V. S. 26, Brinkerhoff, J. G. 30-40, 
Van Houten, 58-62. 

Clarksville, New Salem, Onesquethaw, Voorheesville, Albany Co., N.Y., 
1854. Lansing, A. G. 58-62, Slauson, 62-6, Ballagh, W. H. (S.S.) 68-9, 
Westveer, 69-71, Pearse, N. 73-7, Lansing, A. G. 77-83, Perlee, 84-6, 
Brown, W. S. 88-91, Morton, T. E. 92-3, Van Burk, 93-4, Green, E. W. 
94-6, Van Haegen, 97-9, Van Doren, D. K. 1900-1902, Tyndall, S. G. 
1903-1908, Westveer, A. 1909-1911, Phelps, P. T. (S.S.) 1913-1914, 
Steketee, J. B. 1915-1918, Boyce, Donald, (S.S.) 1919 

Claverack, Columbia Co., N.Y., 1716. Vandriessen, J. 1727-8, (Erickson 
supplied, 1731-2, and Van Schie, 1732-43), Van Hovenberg, 1743-56, 



THE CHURCHES 625 

Fryenmoet. 1756-70, (supplied by Cock, 1770-6), Gebhard, 1776-1826, 
Sluyter, 16-43, Boice, I. C. 44-59, Van Gieson, 59-65, Zabriskie, F. N. 
66-72, Schenck, J. W. 72-81, Leggett, W. J. 82-9, Wyckoff, J. H. 89- 

92, Burrill, G. H. 1892-1905, Hageman, H. 1905 . See Smith's N.V., 

307, Zabriskic's Clavcrack Centennial, Gebhard, The Parsonage be- 
tzveen the Tzvo Manors. 

Claverack, 2nd, 1838, see Mellenville, N.Y. 

Clav, N.Y., 1849. See Dailey, Hist, of Montgomery Classis, 134. 

Cleveland, Oswego Co., N.Y., 1850. Hall, D. B. 50-3, Jones, N. W. 53-4. 
Presbyt. 1856. 

Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co., O. (Ho!.), 1864. Kasse, 64-8, Warnshuis, J. 
68-71, De Beer, 72-4, Broek, D. 75-6, Wormser, 78-81, Dykstra, L. 
82-3, Van Houte, Jac. 84-6, Niemeyer, G. 86-90, Hogeboom, 90-9, 
Hoffman, J. 1899-1908, Van Westenburg, J. 1909-1911, Bloemendal, 
R. 1912-1914, Markley, A. F. 1914-1916, Vanden Bosch, T. G. 1917-19. 

Cleveland, 2nd, 1890, after 1914 Calvary. Westveer, 90-1, Straks, 91-4, Hos- 
pers, G. H. 1894-1905, Karreman, A. 1906-1910, Van Zomeren, J. 191 1- 
1914, Stegeman, M. A. 1914-1919, Brinkman, B. F. 1919-21, Droppers, 
O. G. 1922 

Clifton, Passaic Co., N.J., 1892. Birdsall, 92-9, Van Haegen, 99-1900, 
Ellsworth, 1901-1905, Brown, J. A. 1905-1907, Becker, J. C. A. 1908 

Clifton, N.J., Holland, 1915. Te Grootenhuis, J. H. E. 1915-1919, Webinga, 
John, 1920- 

Clifton Chapel, 1918, see New Durham. 

Clifton Park, now Amity. 

Clinton, 1866, see Annandale, N.J. 

Clinton Ave., see Newark. 

Clinton, Okl., 1904. Korteling, George 1904-1909, Winter, J. P. 1909-1911. 
Dismissed to Southern Presbyterian Church, 191 1. 

Clintonville, 1840, see Irvington, N.J. 

Closter City, Bergen Co.,, N.J., 1862. Hammond, E. S., Miss, to, 62-4, 
Blauvelt. C. J. 66-9, Van Buskirk, 69-87, Ward, H. 1887-1909, P. Em. 
1909-1915, Hogan, O. J. 1909 

Clove, (Decicertown), Sussex Co., N.J., 1788. Supplied by Romeyn, T. 
(Sr.) 1760-71, as a station. Van Bunschoten, E. 1788-1812. In 1818, 
Presbyterian. The Sussex Independent published, in Feb., 1883, the 
petition for the organization of this church in 1787. 

Clove, Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1769. Supplied by Rysdyck and the ministers 
of Hopewell. 

Clove, High Falls, Ulster Co.. N.Y., 1807. Mandeville, Gar. (S.S.) 1789- 
1802, Westervelt, R. 1807-8, Murphy, 14-25, Morse, B. Y. Miss, to, 
28, Westfall, B. B. 28-34. Knight, 38. Alliger. 40-3, Lillie. Jas. 44-5, 
Depuy. 46-53, Evans, 53-6. Jones, N. W. (S.S.) 56, Voorhees. J. N. 
57-66. Van Arsdale, N. H. 67-74, Vroom. 74-87, Hageman, H. 1887- 
1905. Vander Meulen, J. 1905-1908, Noble, H. W. 1909-1913, Schwitter, 
E. O. 1914-1915, Dangremond, G. C. 1916-1921. 

Clover Hill, Somerset Co.. N.J.. 1834. Schanck. G. C. 35-7, Demarest, 
W. 38-40, (Presbyt. 1840-62), Voorhees. W. B. 64-71, Oliver, 71-84, 
Bogert, N. J. M. 84-96, Ackerman, E. G. 97-9, Bruce, P. 1900-1904. 
Buckle, George 1904-1907, Pitcher, C. W. 1908-1912, again 1913-1918, 
Bcckman. T. A. 1919 

Clover Road Chapel, 1916. See Clove Valley Chapel, Staten Island. 

Clove Valley Chapel, S.I., 191 5, see N.Y.C., Borough of Richmond. 

Clyde, N.Y., see Tyre, N.Y. 

Clymer, Chautauqua Co., N.Y., 1869, (called the Abbe Church, in honor of 
Mrs. L. M. Abbe, of Albany, who gave $1800 to the church). West- 
veer, 70-2. Jongeneel, 73-5, Tc Winkle, Mar. -Oct. 76, Warnshuis. J. 
W. 76-8. De Bey, D. J. 82-7, Hoffman, J. 87-93, Hospers, H. 93-7, Osse- 
waarde, M. 1897-1905, Flikkema, G. 1905-1912. Klerk, A. 1913-1917. 
Bennink, J. E. 1917-22. See Cutting, N.Y. 



626 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Clymer Hill, Chautauqua Co., N.Y., 1853. (Organized as a Congrega- 
tional church, 1847. Hesselink, Adolph 1847-50, Dunnewold, 1851-3, 
when pastor and people joined Refd. Ch.), Dunnewold, 53-68, Rens- 
kers, 68-80, Van Doren, M. 81-9, Bahler, P. G. M. 1889-1903, Straks, 
J. H. 1904-1909, Stegenga, A. S. 1909-1911, Walterink, J. 1912-1914, 
DeYoung, B. 1915-1918, Kroodsma, R. 1919-22. 

Cobleskill, Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1825. Evans, W. Miss, to, 2"], Raymond, 
H. A. 1829-33, Myers, A. H. 1833, Quaw, 1834-36, Bassler, B. 1838, 
Waring, H. E. 1839-40, Lockhead, Wm. 1841-5, Spaulding, C. 1846-9, 
Hall, D. B. 1854-5. None of these was installed pastors. Church ceased 
to exist. 

Cobleskill. New organization, 1886. Fagg, 1885-7, Blekkink, E. J. 1888-94, 
Maar, 1894-5, Rockefeller, D. W. G. 1895-6, Smith, H. 1898-1901, 
Dangremond, A. C. V. 1902-03, Van Dyck, A. S. 1903-06, Simpson, Wm. 
E. 1910-15, Amerman, J. L. 1915-1920. See Howe's Cave. 

Cockburn, 1838, see Plattekill, N.Y. 

Coenradstown (German Flatts, N.Y.), 1798. Pick, (S.S.) 1798 . See 

Dailey Hist, of Montgomery Classis, 119. 

Coeymans, Albany Co., N.Y., 1793. Sickles, 1796-1800, Overbagh, 1805-6, 
Westervelt, R. 1808-16, Kissam, 18-29, Van Santvoord, S. 29-30, Fort, 
30-1, Amerman, T. A. 31-2, Edwards, 34, Murphv, 42-3. Kissam, 43-5, 
Cornell, J. A. H. 45-8, Peltz, 48-51, Daves, 52-5, Gardiner, H. B. 
56-60, Collier, I. 60-6, Bahler, L. H. 67-9, Mead, E. 70-2, Cornell, J. 
A. H. 73-9, Craig, 80-90, Burrowes, 1891-1908, Beaver, J. P. 1909-1916, 
Jones, H. T. I9r7 

Coeymans Square. This was the original site of the Church of Coeymans. 
Church was removed to Coeymans, 1840. 

Cohoes, Albany Co., N.Y., 1837. Lockhead, 38-9, Van Buren, J. 40-1, 
Meyer, 41-6, Gray, J., 47-8, Waldron, 49-79, Strong, J. P. 78-90, Walser, 
1891-1921, Phelps, P. T. (S.S.) 1921 

Cohoes, see Boght and Rensselaer, N.Y. 

Cold Spring, Putnam, Co., N.Y., 1855. Harris, 56-7, Laremore, (S.S.) 
60, Romondt, (S.S.) 62, Phraner, 63-6, Sherwood, (S.S.) 67—.., Van- 
deventer, J. C. 73-5, Shaw, W. A. (S.S.) 78-9, supplied by students 
79-82, Gowen, 83-5, Wilson, F. F. 86-7, Runk, 88-94, Shook, 95-6, 
Allen, H. B. 97, Vanderburg, 98, Mclntyre, 99-1901. Dropped 1915. 

College Point, see N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 

Collegiate Church, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan, see also Harlem, 
N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Colony, Columbia Memorial, Oklahoma, 1898. Roe, W. C. 1900-1913, Bax- 
ter, J. H. 1913, Vruwink, H. A. 1913-1917, Read, J. L. 1917 . As- 
sistants, Brokaw, A. P. 1905, Legters, L. L. 1906-1907, Harper, R. H. 
1908-1909, Wauchope, W. C. 1910, Baxter, J. H. 1911 

Colony, see Apache, Vermilye Memorial. 

Colt's Neck, Monmouth Co., N.Y., 1856. Wyckoff, J. S. 56-64, Bolton, 
65-78, Hendrickson, 78-82, Labaw, 83-9, Cunningham, 90-1901, Van 
Beverhoudt, 1901-1918, Doyle, D. P. 1919 

Columbia, Richfield Springs, Herkimer Co., N.Y., 1798. Supplied by neigh- 
boring ministers, 1798-1811, Bartlett, J. (S.S.) 1811-1814, DeVoe, 
D. (S.S.) 1815-1819, Rawls, 1819-1823, Ketchum, (S.S.) 1823-26, 
Hangen, 1826-32, DeVoe, D. (S.S.) 1834-39, Lewis, W. (S.S.) 1839, 
Ackerson, 1839-41, Starks, 1843, Hall, D. B. (S.S.) 1844-8, Murphy, 
1851-2, James, 1852-5, Murphy, 1857, Hammond, E. S. 1857-8, Aurand, 
1860-63, Parsons, A. (S.S.) 1864, Bronson, 1865-7, Compton, J. M. 
1871-5, Hammond, J. W. (S.S.) 1875-6, Stanbrough, 1876-81, Wessels, 
1883-4, Beekman, T. A. 1885-7, Compton, J. M. 1888-91, Shelland, 
1894-7, Reynolds, G. (S.S.) 1897, Lehman, 1899-1902, student supplies. 
See Dailey's Hist, of Montgomery Classis, 23. 

Columbian Memorial, see Colony, Okl. 



THE CHURCHES 627 

Colunibiaville (Station), Garretson, J., Miss, to, 1826-7. 
Comanche, Lawton, Okl., 1907. Legters, L. L. 1907-1910, Sluyter, Henry, 
1910-1913. See Vermilve Memorial, Lawton, Okl. and Apache Indian, 
(Fort Sill). 
Comforter, Church of. 1894, see N.Y.C., Borough of Bronx. 
Community, see Corinth, Mich. 
Community Church, see Douglaston, L.I. 
Conesville. Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1836. Bogardus, C. 1838-43, Kerr, G. 1844- 

46, Van Dyke, L. H. 1847. Dropped 1853. See Dyse's Manor, Gilboa. 
Conewago. Erroneously for Caughnawaga. M.G.S. i. 45, 114. etc. 
Conger, see North Blendon, Mich. 

Conowago, at first in York, now in Adams Co., Pa., 1768. See Hanover 
and Susquehanna, Pa. This church stood about one mile east of Hun- 
tertown, the latter being about 5 miles N. E. of Gettysburgh. The 
church building was subsequently removed about one mile south of 
Huntertovvn, on a spot now known as Black's Grave Yard. The church 
belonged to the Classis of New Brunswick. 
Its Baptismal Book shows that it was supplied, occasionally, by Rev. 
J. M. Van Havlingen, 1769, 1772, by Rev. J. R. Hardenberg, 1770, and 
by Rev. John Leydt, 1771. It is probable that some of the German Re- 
formed ministers also, especially Boehme, C. L. and Gobrecht, who were 
pastors at Hanover, served this church occasionally. Pastors: Cozine, 
Cor. 1772-88, Brinkerhoff, G. G., Nov., 1789-Nov., 1793; Gray, A., Miss, to, 
1793; Cornelison, Miss, to, 1794; [Black, John, (Presbyt.), S.S., 1794-1800, 
merged in Presbyt. Ch., Hunterstown, Pa.]. 

About 1765 Dutch colonists from New Jersey began to pour into York 
and Adams Counties, in the southern borders of Pennsylvania and west 
of the Susquehanna. These soon organized the Conowago and Hanover 
congregations in these respective counties. The church of Conowago was 
located about three miles south of Gettysburg, and near the famous bat- 
tleground of 1863. It consfsted of about 150 families and 7C0 souls. From 
its baptismal records, yet preserved, extending from 1768-1793, it appears 
that the Cossats and Montforts of Millstone [or Harlingen] N. J., and the 
Bantas and Westervelts of Bergen Co., N. J., were among the earliest set- 
tlers. Other Dutch names, such as Bruner, Covert, Van Nuys, Schomp, 
Demarest, Bremer, DeMott, Bergen, Smock, Van Ar.sdale and others occur 
in these records. The first Conowago deed for land, is to a Van Arsdale, 
and is dated 1768. The Demarests came from Bergen Co. in 1771. But 
about 1 78 1 emigration began from this field to Kentucky and in 1793 to the 
Genesee country, N. Y., and continued until these Dutch settlements and 
churches were entirely broken up. In 1793, during Brinckerhoff's ministry 
almost the whole congregation moved away to these two new fields. Those 
going to Central New York were the Brinckerhofifs, Jansens, [or Johnsons], 
Bodines, Van Tines, Daters, Parcelles, Lystcrs. See Owasco Outlet. 

By 1800 Conowago was so depleted as to furnish but a very small con- 
gregation for Sunday services. In 1817 only five Dutch families remained. 
Permission was then obtained to sell the old church building, and with the 
proceeds build a wall around the burial ground. The sum realized was 
$288.20. 

There had been Presbyterian churches in this vicinity from 17|0, under 
the names of Upper and Lower Marsh Creek, and later, under the name 
of Gettysburg. (See Hist. Discourse on the Gettysburg Presbyt. Ch., by 
Rev. J. K. Demarest, 1876). Rev. John Black, pastor of this church, 
1775-94, was compelled to leave because of his sentiments on temperance, 
which would be considered mild at the present day. From 1794-1800, he 
supplied the remnant left in the Dutch church. He died in 1802. 

The church of Conowago, as said, belonged to the Classis of New Bruns- 
wick, but the first Volume of Minutes of this Classis, 1771-1811, was 
destroyed by fire, it is said, about 1840. But see Scomp's Hist. Discourse on 
"The Old Mud Meeting House, Ky.," 1900, for much of this material 



628 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Besides Demarest's Hist, above alluded to, Deinarest subsequently ob- 
tained much additional material about this Conowago Dutch Church, which 
he published in the "The Star and Sentinel," of Gettysburg in 1884. See 
also "The Family of Joris Dircksen Brinckerhoff," 1887, for an interesting 
chapter on this Conowago colony. Also Ch. Int., Jan. 28, i860. 
Conrad, Mont., 1908, see Montana, First. 

Constantine, St. Joseph Co., Mich., 1843, Bennet, 43-5, McNeish, 46-9, 
Jones, D. A. 50-2, McNeish, 52-4, Bailey, 56-63, Beardslee, 1863-84, 
Smitz, B. 84-8, Gamble, S. D. (S.S.) 90-1, Baker, F. P. 91-3, DeSpeld- 
er, 94-5, Gulick, J. I. 95-8, Kelder, 1899-1904, Miedema, Wm. 1905-1907, 
Vander Mel, C. 1908-1910. Disappears about 1914. 
Coonnoor, 1858, see India. 

Coopersville, (formerly Polkton and Eastmanville) , Ottawa Co., Mich., 
1857. Vandermeulen, J. C. 63-4, Huyssoon, 65-9, Buursma, 69-73, Kie- 
kentveldt, 7^,-6, Brock, D. 77-80, Borgers, H. 81-3, Karsten, 86-9, Boer, 
H. K. 90-2, Bruins, W. H. 93-9, Vander Ploeg, H. 1900-1904, Van' 
Peursem, John 1905-1908, Te Grootenhuis, J. H. (S.S.) 1909. DeYoung, 

A. 1910-1918, Hoflf, H. 1919 

Copperas, now Brunswick. 

Cordell, Oklahoma, 1902. Vander Meulen, J. M. 1903, Vandeburg, S. 1903- 
1904, Spaan, C. H. 1904-1911. Dismissed to the Southern Presbyterian 
Church, 191 1. 

Corinth, Mich., 1920. (Community). CI. Miss. 1920. 

Corsica, S.D., 1908. (Grace). Duven, M. J. (S.S.) 1908-1910, Lammers, 

B. W. 1910-1914, Van de Werp, J. (S.S.) 1915-1916, Pettersen, H. M. 
1916-1920, Van Egmond, H. 1920 

Cortland, N.Y., 1908. DeGraff, G. D. L. 1909-1910, Winne, J. E. (S.S.) 
1911. Disappears 1917. See Dailey Hist. Montgomery CI., 26. 

Coshington, Delaware Co., N.Y., 1794. See Middletown and Paghkaghtan. 
Mints. Gen. Syn., i. 448. 

Courtlandtown, Montrose, Westchester Co., N.Y., 1729. Ritzema sup- 
plied 1744-76, church burned; Van Voorhees, S. 1785-8, organized 
anew, 1793; Manley, W. 1800-6; Hoffman, A. 1810-30. Kirkwood. 
33-6, Westbrook, 36-50, Lockwood, 50-2, Steele, J. B. 53-7, St. John. 
(S.S.) 58-65,, Anderson, W. H. 65-6, Van Wyck, P. 67-8, Garretson, 
J. 69-72, Thompson, J. B. 73-4, Harper, 75-91, Bogardus, F. M. 90-5, 
Smith, H. 96-8, Force, F. A. 1899-1903, Olandt, C. 1905-1920, Dangre- 
mond, G. C. 1921 

Covenant, Church of, see Paterson. N.J. 

Covenant Reformed, see Muskegon Heights. 

Coytesville, see Palisades, N.J. 

Coxsackie, West Coxsackie, Green Co., N.Y.. 1732. Weiss, 1732-5. Schune- 
man, 1753-94, Sickles, 1797-1801, Ostrander, H. 1801-10, Livingston, 
G. R. 11-26, Searle, J. (Sr.) 26-51, Peltz, 51-7, Dutcher, 57-8, Hastings, 
60-70, Hansen. 71-81, Staats, B. B. 82-9, Hageman, P. K. 90-4, Winant, 
94-7, Hill, E. 97-1901, Shepherd, T. M. 1902-1904, Sluyter, H. 1904-1910, 
Dumont, W. A. 1911-20, Nies, M. G. 1921 . See Hill's Hist, of, 1901. 

Coxsackie, 2d, 1833. Cahoone, 33-46, Van Cleef, P. D. 46-9, Woodbridge. 
50-2, Steele, J. 53-8, Zabriskie, F. N. 59-64, McKelvey, A. 65-6, Collier, 
E. W. 66-7, Munn, 68-77, Lansing, J. A. (S.S.) 77, Salisbury, J. H. 
78-87, Barnum, 88-1899, Clifton, 1900-1917. Stube, C. F. 1917-1919, 
Shield, F. K. (Jr.) 1919 

Cranesville, N.Y.. 1871. Supplied throughout its history by neighboring 
pastors and the classical missionary. Among these the Reformed min- 
isters have been: Revs. Kyle, 88-89, Minor, 1879-80. Blekkink, 90-94, 
Rogers, Dailey. Weidner, 1903-05. Wurts, Nickerson, Wilson, P. Q., 
Conant. Dailey Hist, of Montgomery Classis, 28. 

Cranesville, N.Y., see Glenville, ist. 

Crawford. Col., see Fruitland, Col. 



THE CHURCHES 629 

Crescent Place, see Yonkers, N.Y. 

Cromwell Center (Everly, Fostoria), Clay Co., la., 1894. Missy, 1895-6, 
Classical missionary, 1896 — , Huenemann, H. 1903-1910, Schoon, J. H. 
1911-1914, DeVrics, J. M. 1916-1919, Schaefer, J. 1920 

Crookston, Neb., 1913. 

Cuddebackville, (Pecnpack). Orange Co., N.Y., 1854. Morris, H. 55-62, 
Winter, 63-6, Zabriskie, Jer. L. 66-70, Bogardus, W. E. 70-4, DuBois, 
J. 74-80, Hageman, H. 82-7, Lane G. 88-92, Corwin, C. E. 95-7, Hieber, 
97-9, Whitney, W. W. 1904-1910, occasional supplies. 

Currytown (Root), Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1790. Hasbrouck, J. R. M. 
1815-29, Van Olinda, (S.S.) 1829-30, Gray, J. 1830-31, Hangen, 1832-7, 
Hecrmance, H. 1837-40, Frazer, 1840-43, Middlemas, J. (S.S.) 1844-47, 
Carle, 1848-51, Buckelew, 1851-5, Quick, J. J. 1855-62, Whitbeck, R. M. 
(S.S.) 1863-4, Compton, (S.S.) 1864-8, Van Doren, D. K. 1869-73, 
Ackerman, 1874-9, Compton, J. M. 1879-82, Minor, J. 1882-5, Wyckoff, 
G. 1886-7, Sangree, 1888-93, Beekman, D. S. 1893-1901, Florence, E. W. 
1902-04. Campbell, J. B. 1905-07, Bedford, C. V. W. (S.S.) 1909-1.2, 
Eliason, H. A. (S.S.) 1912-14, Pastor, 1914-17, Scheengas, C. H. 1919- 
21. See Dailey Hist. Montgomery CI., 29. Ch. Int., Feb. 9, 1854. 

Cutting, N.Y. (Clymer), 1911. Classical Missionary 1911. Disbanded 1919. 

Dakota, ist, 1880. see Harrison, S.D. 

Dallas, Texas, see Fort Sill, Okla. 

Dalton, 111., see Dolton, 111. 

Danforth. Iroquois Co., 111., 1869. Duiker, 72-4, Meulendyke, 79-82, Krie- 
kaard, C. 84-8, Vennema, (S.S.) 89-92, Siegers, 93-7, Heines, 98-1900, 
Oosterhof, A. 1900-1904. Koster, M. E. 1905-1911, Dejong, P. C. 1912- 
1918, Dykstra, L. 1918 

Danube, same as Indian Castle, see also Fort Plain. 

Danube, Scccdcr. Herkimer Co., N.Y., 1823. Goetschius, S. Z. 1823-4. 

Danville, Allegheny Co., 5SI.Y., 1797. Gray, A. 1797-1819. 

Dashville Falls, Rifton Glen, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1831. Quaw, 31-4, Markle, 
62-4. Liebeneau. 67-8, Deyo. 70-3, Todd, W. N. 74-81, Milliken, P. E. 
84-6, vacant. 86-91. Jones, H. T. 91-3, Whitney, W. W. (S.S.) 1901, 
Shield, F. K. 1902-1904, (3rull, J. P. 1905-1907, vacant, 1907 

Davenport, Scott Co., Iowa, 1859. Drury, Miss, to, 1861-2, Vanderveer, 
C. G. 1860-6, Vroom, W. H. 1867-9, Peeke, G. H. 1869-72, Decker, 
1872-6. 

Davis, 1894. see Bethel. S.D. 

Davis. Turner Co.. S.D., 1892. Schoon. 90-3, Teichrieb, 94-6, Koerlin, 
1897-1903. See Bethel, Davis. S.D. See Delaware, S.D. 

Day, Saratoga Co.. N.Y.. 1842. Lansing. J. A. (S.S.) 45-8, Voorhees, J. 
N. (S.S.) 48-9, James, 50-2, Case, 1855-7. Same as Sacondaga. 

Decatur, Mich., 1909. Van Arendonk, A. (S.S.) 1910, Meeter, John, 1912- 
1914. Oosterhof. A. 1914-1918. Burggraff. J. J. 1920 

Deckertown. 1788. see Clove, N.J. 

Deerpark, 1737, see Port Jervis, N.Y. 

DeFreestville. see Blooming Grove, N.Y. 

Delaware. Davis (Lennox. 3d). Turner Co.. S.D.. 1889. Schoon. 90-3, 
Teichrieb. 94-6. Koerlin, 1897-1903. Bohler. J. 1904-1908, Kramer, G. 
1913-1914. Waalkes. A. H. 1916-1919, Cramer, H. 1920 

Delaware River Missions, 1790. Kuypers, W. P. 1792-3, Ames. 1814. 

Dell Rapids. S.D.. see Logan. 

Delmar, N.Y., 1848. Ch. Building erected 1841, as "East" Branch of Union 
Ch. ■ Served by Simon V. E. Westfall, 1841-47. (Before 1913, Bethle- 
hem 2nd). Lansing, J. A. 1848-60, Pearse, 1860-98, Clowe, 1899-1901, 

Allen. H. B. 1901-1910, Van Ess, J. 1911-21. Seibert, G. G. 1921 . 

See Bethlehem, N.Y., 2nd, Union. 

De Motte, Jasper Co.. Ind., 1893. After 1908 Thayer, Ind. Vanden Bosch, 



630 THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA 

T. M. 1899-1904, Deelsnyder, C. W. 1905-1907, Koster, S. E. 1908-1911, 
Swart, P. 1912-1917, Oosterhof, A. 1918 

DeMotte, Ind., American, 1920. Swart, P. 1921 

Demster, S.D., 1902. Supplied. Denekas, W. 1909-1919, Rosenbohtn, M. 
1919-21. See Castlewood. 

Denver, Col., 1921. 

De Spelder, 1881, see Britton, Mich. 

Detroit, Mich., 1875. Boer, Miss, at, 74-6, Kiekentveldt, 76-8, vacant, 
78-82, Niemeyer, G. 82-4, Dangremond, G. 84-5, vacant, 85-8, Broek, 
D. 88-92, Kremer, 1892-1902, Riepma, S. F. 1903-1905, Te Grootenhuis, 
J. H. E. 1905-1910, Frieling, Harke, 1911-1915, Bovenkerk, J. 1916-1919, 
Brouwer, J. G. 1919-1920, Veldman. H. J. 1921 

Detroit, Hope Mission, 1920. Organized as Detroit 2d, 1922. 

Oilman Station, 1850, see Bethlehem, Wis. 

Dingman's Ferry, Pike Co., Pa., see Walpack, Upper. 

Dispatch, see Rotterdam, Kan. 

Dolton, Cook Co., 111., 1904, Tanis, H. 1905-1908, Te Paske, J. W. 1909- 
1912. 

Doon, la., 1908. Dekker, F. G. 1910-1912, Schilstra, E. S. 1913 

Dorlach, Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1788 (?) See Sharon. 

Douglas Co., Dakota Territory, 1880, see Harrison. 

Douglaston, L.I., N.Y., 1919. Community Church. Davis, L. G. (S.S.) 
1919-21, Flipse, M. E. 1921 

Dover, Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1769. Supplied by Rysdyck and the ministers 
of Hopewell. Van Voorhees, supplied, 1774. On Nov. 21, 1774, the 
Consistory of N.Y.C. sent them a present of a lot of hymn books. 

Dover, Wimbeldon, N.D., 1919. 

Drenthe, (Vriesland), Ottawa Co., Mich., 1850. Smit, 51-3, Pieters. 61-5, 
Huyssoon, 65-6, Moerdyk, W. 69-72, Vanderveen, 75-9. 

This church was united with Vriesland, 1847-8. Separated 1849; 
included in the general work of R.C.A., 1850. Smit, pastor, 1851-3, 
when he seceded with a part of the congregation. Informally withdrew, 
1882. Reported occasionally until 1909. 

Duanesburgh, Schenectady Co., N.Y., 1798-1804, supplied by neighboring 
ministers. Became Presbyterian. 

Duanesburgh, Schenectady Co., N.Y., 1824. See Dailey Hist, of Mont- 
gomery Classis, 119. 

Duanesburgh, see Princetown, N.Y. 

Dulce, see Roe, W. C. Memorial. 

DuMond, see Zoar, la. 

DuMont, la., 1913. Classical Missionary. Brandan, J. H. 1918. 

guMont, see Fairview, la. 
uMont, see Schraalenberg, N.J. 
Dunkirk, Chautauqua Co., N.Y., 1867. Vacant, 67-76, Boer, H. K. 76-9, 

Van Doom, M. 80-1, vacant, 81-8, name dropped. 
Dunningsville, Hamilton, Mich., 1913. Student supplies and Classical ap- 
pointments. Dunnewold, A. J. 1921 

Durham. Oak Hill, Green Co., N.Y., 1787. Van Vlierden, 1792-4, Labagh, 
P. 1798-1809, Schermerhorn, C. D. 1809-18, supplied by Fort, A., Van 
Zandt, P.. Bassett, Paige, 1818-24, Ostrander, S. 24-31, Stryker, P. 
3 months in 1832. See Reeves' Hist, of Green Co.. N.Y., 278. 
Dyse's Manor, (Broome) 1801. Labagh. P. 1801-03, Schermerhorn, C. D. 
1803-18, Paige, W. 1818-20. 
In 1836 the congregation was divided, about one third forming the con- 
gregation of Conesville and retaining the old building and about two-thirds 
forming the congregation of Gilboa. See Conesville, Gilboa. 

East Belfast, Maine, Trinity, 1907. Vaughn, Wm. 1907 

East Camp, 1710. (See Camp and West Camp). Known also as Kings- 



THE CHURCHES 63I 

bury, Kingsberry. and sometimes erroneously written Kingsberg. No 
church was formally established at East Camp, probably, before 1727. 
Haeger tried to get a church for Episcopal services in 1715, but with- 
out success. (See Haeger, J. P.). The Lutherans probably crossed 
over to West Camp to worship. Pastors: Haeger, J. F. 1710-21, Falck- 
ner, Justus, 1720-3, Falckner, Daniel, 1724 — . Berckenmeyer, W. C. 
1721-9, Oehl, 1722-4. See Linlithgo and Germantown. Doc. Hist. N.Y., 
iii. 382-392, 598. 

East Chatham, see Concord, N.Y. 

East Greenbush, see Greenbush, N.Y. 

East Indies, see India. 

East Little Rock, see Salem, la. 

Eastmanville, Mich. See Polkton. 

East Millstone, Somerset Co., N.J., 1855. Vander Wall, 56-8, Cole, D. 
58-63, Berger, 63-6, Phraner. 66-70, McWilliam, 70-90, Strong, J. P. 
Oct. -Dec, 90, Peeke, A. P. 91-1900, Lockwood, H. 1901 — . See Cole's 
Decennial Sermon ; Peek's Ser. at 40th Anniversary of ch. 

East New Paltz, see Esopus. 

East New York, 1840, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Easton. North Easton, Greenwich, Washington Co., N.Y., 1803. Duryee, 
P. H. 1802-17, Fonda. J. D. 20-30, Kendall, John B. (S.S.) 1832, 
Pitcher, J. H. 33-5. Bronson, A. 38-40, Newton, (S.S.) 43, Jones, D. A. 
44-7. Morris, 50-5, Cochran, 63-9, Meyers, A. H. 72-5, supplied by neigh- 
boring pastors and students, 75-94, Shaul, 95-8, Allen, H. B., June-Oct., 
98, Miller, S. D. 99-1901, Black, 1901-1904, Erler, John, 1905-07, stu- 
dent supplies, 1907-14. 

Easton. Northampton Co.. Pa., 1851. Knox, J. H. M. 51-3, Edgar, 53-82, 
Blauvelt, G. M. S. 82-90, Lee, 90-3. Became Presbyterian. 

East Orange, 1875, see Orange, N.J. 

East Orange, see Hyde Park. 

East Orange, 1877, see Alton, la. 

East Oversiel. Bentheim, Oakland, Hamilton, Allegan Co., Mich., 1872. 
\'acant, 72-96, Wolvius, 96-8, Poppen, 1898-1902, Klooster, F. 1902-1906, 
Tellman. H. E. 1906-1911, Vander Ploeg, H. 1911-1914, Poppen, J. 
1915-1917, Schroeder, P. E. A. 1918-21. 

East Palatine, N.Y., 1890. Thomson, J. A. 91-4. Given up. See Dailey 
Hist. Montgomery Classis, 125. 

East Paris, Mich., see Grand Rapids, 1914. 

East Saugatuck, 1869, see Fynaart, Mich. 

East Williamsburg, 1855, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

East Williamson, Wayne Co., N.Y., 1870. [This ch. was org. as a Presbyt. 
ch.. by the Presbytery of Steuben, N.Y., Jan. 19. 1847. Pastors, John 
DeYisser, an elder ord. and installed Ap. 28, 47-8. d. Veenhuizen, Nov., 
53-4, Nov., supply ; pastor. 54-62, when pastor and people united with 
Ref. Ch. of Pultneyville. This union and pastorship continued till 
Ap., 1870, when East-Williamson separated as a Ref. Ch.]. Veen- 
huizen, 70-81, TeWinkle, 81-7, Hospers, 87-92, Ossewaarde, M. 93-7, 
Dangremond. G. C. 1898-1903. Tysse, G. 1903-1911, Ossewaarde, John 
1911-1918, Koster, M. E. 1918 

Ebenezer, 1867, see Holland, Mich. 

Ebenezer, (Paines Point and White Rock), Oregon, Ogle Co., 111., 1869. 
Vacant. 69-74. Watermucider, L. 74-86. Elliker, 87-96. Diekhoflf, 1897 

Ebenezer. Leighton. Mahaska Co.. la.. 1889. Gessman, 91-4, Van der 
Kam, 94-6, Tysse, 1896-1903, Dykema, K. J. 1904-1908, Duiker, W. J. 
1908-1911. Ro.sendal, A. 1912-1917, Ossewaarde, John 1918-22. 

Ebenezer, Scotland. Bonhomme Co.. S.D.. 1894. Supplied by Classis 
1894-1902. See Scotland. S.D. 

Ebenezer. Morrison. Whiteside Co.. 111.. 1896. Vacant, 96-8. Te Groot- 



632 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

enhuis, J. 1898-1903, Bouma, P. A. J. 1903-1908, Broekstra, M. E. 

1908-1911, Koster, S. E. 1911-1916, Vis, J. A. 1917 

Ebenezer, Milford, la. Rec'd from Presbytery of Sioux City, April, 1906. 

Dropped 1910. 
Eddyville, la., 1910. Hansen, F. B. 1910-1913, Huibregtse, Edward 1914- 

1917. 
Eden, Fondu lac Co., Wis., 1859. Kershaw, 1865-7. 
Edgerton, Minn., 1907. Classical Missionary 1908-11, Scholten, D. 1911- 

1914, De Jongh, J. 1914 

Edgewood, N.Y., 1890, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Elim, White Rock Centre, Kings, Ogle Co., 111., 1892. Haken, 93-6, 

Schaefer, J. 1897-1904, Mundhenke, W. R. 1904-1914, Kroesche, F. H. 

1915 

Ellenville, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1840. Ayres, 41-54, Bentley, 55-81, Hutchins, 

J. 82-7, Hendrickson. 87-95, Berg, H. C. 1895-1910, Steiner, W. H. 

1910-1914, Maines, W. S. 1916 

Ellenville, 2d, 1855. Pfister, 1856-62. 

Ellsworth, Minn., see Bethel, 1914. Classical Missionary. Russman, E. K. 

1921 

Elmendorf, Chapel, N.Y., see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Elmhurst, N.Y., see Newtown, N.Y.C., Borough of Queens ; see Newtown 

(German), N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 
Elmsford, 1850, see Greenburgh, N.Y. 
Eminence, Summit, ^choharie Co., N.Y., 1824. Vacant, 24-33. See, Wm. 

G. E., 33-9, vacant, 40-89, Phelps, P. (S.S.) 89-92, occasional supplies. 

Dropped 1913. 
Emmanual, (Belmond, Palsville), Wright Co., la., 1884. Janssen, R. 

83-94, DcBeer, J. 94-6, Reeverts, A. 1897-1907, Theilken, J. G. 1908- 

1909, Thormann, E. H. 1910-1917, Waalkes, A. H. 1918 

Emmanuel, (German-American), 1897, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Emmanuel, 1852, see Castleton, N.Y. 

Emmanuel, see Chicago, 111. 

Emmanuel, see Poughkeepsie. 

Emmanuel, see Immanuel. 

Englewood, 1886, see Chicago, 111. 

Englewood, 2d, 1902, see Chicago, 111. 

Englewood, Col., 1906, see New Holland, Col. 

Englewood, N.J., Italian, 1920. lorrizzo, G. 1920 

English. Neighborhood, Ridgefield, Bergen Co., N.J., 1770. Lydekker, 

1770-6, Cornelison, 1793-1806, Polhemus, H. 1809-13, Demarest, C. T. 

13-24, Abeel, G. 24-8, Duryee, P. 29-48, McFarland, 48-55, Taylor, A. 

B. 55-92, Martyn, F. 93-5, Roop, 1896-1910, Allen, H. B. 1910-1918, 
Ross, T. M. 1920-21. 

English Neighborhood, Secession, 1823. Brinkerhoff, J. G. 1824, Demarest, 

C. T. 1824-51, Blauvelt, C. J. 1852-60. Now Leonia, N.J. 
Ephratah, Fulton Co., N.Y., 1829. Wack, Jolin, supplied occasionally. Dis- 
banded 1859. See Dailey Hist. Montgomery Classis, 33. 

Ephratah, Fulton Co., N.Y., 1832. Morris, J. Miss. 27-29, Ketchum, 33-6, 
Westfall, B. B. 37-38, Robb, J. 41-43, Jukes, 44-50, Van Liew, J. C. 
51-6, Westervelt, J. P. 58-9, Hewlings, George 61, Merwin, M. T. 62, 
Smith, W. H. 66-8. Compton, 68-9, Van Benschoten, 72-8, Stanbrough, 
81-2. Wilson, P. Q. 82-5, Whitney, 86-9, Palmer, C. L. 96-9, various 

supplies 1899-1914, Stanton, R. A. 1914-1920, Dickens, W. H. 1921 . 

See Dailey Hist. Classis of Montgomery, 32. 

Erie, 111., see Newton. 

Ernest-town, 1798, see Canada. 

Esopus, now Kingston. 

Esopus, Klein Esopus, (East New Paltz), Ulster Park, Ulster Co., N.Y., 
1791. Smith, T. G. 1799-1808, Hasbrouck, J. R. H. 1809-13, Van Hook, 



THE CHURCHES 633 

Miss, to, 22, Van Keuren, 25-36, Fort, 36-53, Taylor, W. 53-4, McFar- 
lane, 55-6i, Myers, A. H. (S.S.) 62-5, Garretson, J. 65-6, Voorhis, J. N. 
67-80, Staats, J. A. (S.S.) 81, Hull, 82-5, Van Doren, J. 86-92, Lyman- 
Wheaton. 92-95, Cole, S. T. 96-9, Harris, D. T. 1899-1907, Millett, J. 
1908-1914, Van Oostenbrugge, C. 1914-1919, Gulick, George W. 1921 

East New Paltz, see Esopus. 

Evergreen, or Ridgewood, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Everly, see Cromwell Centre, la. 

Fairfield, ( Horseneck or Gansegat), Essex Co., N.J., 1720. Supplied by 
the neighboring pastors, 1720-60. Blauw, ( Conferentie), supplied, 1762-8, 
Meyer, H. 1772-85, Leydt, M. 1779-80, supplied by Duryee, John 1801- 
17, Neal, 17-22, Stryker, H. B. 2Z-T, Ogilvie, 2^-12, Raymond, 33-5, 
Bronson, 36-8. Wilson, Jos. 38-45, Quick, J. J. 45-9, Wilson, Jos. 49-73, 
Sebring. "jy^, supplied by Smith, Mortimer, Ap.-Oct., TJ, Pockman, 
78-80, Owens, 81-4, Miller, B. C. 85-6, Lockwood, L. 86-9, Bogardus, 
W. E. 90-2, Conklin, J. W. (S.S.) 93-5. Peeke, G. H. (S.S.) 95-6, 
Mohn, O. L. F. 1896-1902, Mitchell, C. B. 1903-1905, Van der Mel, C. 
1906-1908, Sutherland, R. R. 1908-1915. Miller, Wm. J. H. 1916-1918, 

Leaver. L. L. 1919 . See Berry's Hist, of Presb. Ch. of Caldwell, 

N.J., 1871. 

Fair Haven, (Woolcot), Cayuga Co., N.Y., 1847. Knight, R. W. 49-52, 
Muller, 54-7, Gates, C. 57-9, Watson, T. G. 62-4, Bartholf, 64-8, South- 
ard, 69-81. Became Presbyterian 1882. Dailey Hist. Montgomery Clas- 
sis, 137. 

Fair St., see Kingston, N.Y. 

Fairview, Fulton Co., 111., 1837. Wilson, A. D. (S.S.) 38-41, pastor, 41-56, 
Anderson, Wm., 56-9. Joralmon. 60-85. Huyser, 85-8, Van Doren, W. H. 
88-93, Streng, 94-7. Gulick, Jac. 98-9. Watermuelder, G. 1902-1903, Van 
Zante, A. B. 1903-1907, Vander Meulen. J. 1907-1911, Winter, J. P. 
191 1 

Fairview, Okl., 1909. Korteling, G. 1909-1911. Dismissed to Presbyterian 
Church 191 1. 

Fairview ( Dumont, Allison, Bristow, la.), 1915. Bosch, F. C. S. 1914-1916, 
Wubbena. A. 1918^ 

Fairview. S.D., 1917. 

Fairview. 1918. see Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Fairville, 1798. see Arcadia, N.Y. 

Faith, see Jersey City. 

Fallsburgh. (Neversink, Woodbourne, South Fallsburgh), Sullivan Co., 
N.Y.. 1802. Reorganized 1827, Boyd, J. H., Miss, to, 2^-%, Gray, J. 
33-5, Eggleston, 36-7, Duryee, I. G. 46-51, Eltinge, C. D. 51-2, Searle, 
J. 53-61, Connitt, 62-5, Brown, W. S. 67-88. Statesir, 1889-1915, Smith, 
Henry, 1916-1918, Heroy, G. M. 1918 . Name changed to Wood- 
bourne. 1918, which see. 

Falmouth, Missauke Co.. Mich., 1892. Vennema. S., 92-8. 

Farmer Village, Seneca Co., N.Y., 1830. Gregorv, O. H. 31-8, Bassler, 
38-66, Brush, W. W. 66-8, Zabriskie, A. 68-9' Forsyth, Jas. C. 70-5, 
Furbeck, P. 1875-81, Nasholds, 82-7, Palmer, F. W. 87-93, Van Ars- 
dale, E. B. 1893-1916, Seibert. G. G. 1916—^. Name of this Church 
changed to Interlaken about 1906. 

Farowe, 1885, see South Blendon, Mich. 

Far Rockaway (Inwood), L.I., N.Y., 1909, (German Evangelical), Hopf. 
P. H. 1909-1916, Bosshart, J. G. 1916-1918, Wettstein, A. L. 1919-20, 
Dalhoff. H. C. 1922 

Fawns, 1850, see Blue Mountain. N.Y. 

Fayette. Seneca Co., N.Y.. 1800, Vanderveer. J., Miss. to. 1823. Morris, 
J.. Miss. to. 1824-5. See Dailey 's Hist. Montgomery Classis, 120. 

Fenton, 111., see Newton, Zion, 111., 1909. 



634 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Ferns, see Parkersburg, la. 

Ferrysburg, Ottawa Co., Mich., 1877. 

Feura Bush, Jerusalem, Onesquethaw. 

Fifth St., Bayonne, see Jersey City. 

Finderne, N.J., 1921. Leonard, F. M. 1921 

Firth, Lancaster Co., Neb., 1890. Vacant, 90-4, Dragt, 94-6, Stegeman, 
Wm. 96-9. Dropped 1902. 

Firth, Neb., 1918. Koster, S. E. 1918 

Fishkill, Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1716. Van Driessen, supplied occasionally, 
1727-31, Van Schie, 1731-3, Meinema, 1745-55, or 58, Van Nist, 1758-61, 
Schoonmaker, H. 1763-74, Rysdyck, 1772-89, (1772, Eng. and Dutch 
began to be used alternately), Froeligh, S. also supplied, 1776-80, Blau- 
velt, L 1783-90, Van Vranken, N. 1791-1804, Westbrook, 1806-30, Fisher, 
G. H. 30-5, Kip, F. L. 36-70, Kipp, P. E. 70-4, Anderson, A. 75-80, 
Thomas, M. B. 80-7, Dickhaut, B. E. 88-96, Huizinga, A. H. 1896-1905, 
Duffield, J. R. 1906-1910, Vander Mel, C. 1910-1916, Herge, Charles, 
1916—^ — . Ecc. Rec, N.Y., Doc. Hist. iii. 589. Smith's N.Y., 509. Kip's 
Hist. Disc. Brinkerhoff, T.V.M., Hist, of Fishkill, 1877. 

Fishkill-on-the-Hudson, 1822, Beacon, Heyer, 23-51, Quackenbush, 51-5, Suy- 
dam, 57-62, Kimball, 63-5, Berger, 66-9, Berry, J. R. 69-70, Fritts, 

70-99, McCullom, 1900-1914, Dangremond, A. C. V. 1915 . Name 

changed to Beacon 191 5. 

Fishkill-on-the-Hudson, Chapel Denniston, 1866-8. 

Flatbrookville, see Walpeck. 

Flatbush, N.Y., 1654, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Flatbush Mission, 1871, Grace Chapel, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Flatbush, 2nd, 1847, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Flatbush, Saugerties, Glascoe, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1807. Overbaugh, 1809-41, 
Brodhead, 37-41, Demarest, D. D. 41-3, Watson, J. 44-7, Hulbert, 
48-52, Gosman, 54-9, Minor, 59-64, Merritt, 65-73, Anderson, A. 73-5, 
Demarest, J. S. N. 76-81, Zabriskie, A. A. 82-6, Van Neste, G. J. 86-9, 
Dewitt, R. 89-1901, Beekman, P. S. 1901-1909, Dangremond, G. C. 1909- 
1912, Wyckoff, G. (S.S.) 1913-1916, Steketee, J. B. 1918 

Flatlands, 1654, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Flats, now Rhinebeck. 

Flats, (Burnetsfield, German Flats, Great Flats or Fort Herkimer), Herki- 
mer Co., N.Y., 1725. Rosncrantz, 17.. -67, Rosecrantz, A. 1767-94, Pick, 
D. C. A. 1788-1802, Spinner, 1802-48, see Fort Herkimer. "Great Flats" 
was a name given to the Flats along the Mohawk, extending from 
Schenectady to Utica. 

Flats, Seceder, 1825. Palmer, 1825-9. 

Fleming, N.Y., 1905, see Owasco Outlet, N.Y. 

Flemington, N.J. Hungarian Mission. 

Florence, S.C., 1904, see All Souls, Florence, S.C. 

Florida, (Chukonot, Remsen Bush, Minaville), Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1784. 
Maier, James (S.S.) 1794, Romeyn, T. 1800-6, Paige, 1808-20, Rouse, 
22-8, Stevenson, 29-54, Clancy, 55-60, Krum, 61-5, Lane, 66-73, Pearse, 
R. A. 1873-1919, P.E. 1919, Betten, D. L. 1920 — — . See Dailey Hist. 
Montgomery Classis, 36. 

Flushing, N.Y., 1842, see N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 

Fonda, (Caughnawaga), Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1758. (The name is often 
carelessly written Conezvago in the early minutes ; not to be confounded 
with Conowago, which is in Pa. The ancient Caughnawaga included 
Amsterdam, Johnstown, New-Broadalbin, and Mayfield. Doc. Hist. 
iii. 673-4, 683, Col. Hist. iii. 250). Vrooman, Barent (S.S.) 1758-72, 
Romeyn, Thos. 1772-94, Van Home, A. 1795-1833, Quinn, 1833-5, Fonda, 
J. D. 1835-42, Yates, (S.S.) 1842-1844. Van Olinda, 1844-58, Furbeck, 
1859-62, Boyd, J. C. 1865-70, Jones, T. W. 1870-82, De Baun, J. A. 83- 
1900, Boyd, J. C. (S.S.) 1900-1, Caton, 1901-1904, Lonsdale, Wm. J. 1904- 



THE CHURCHES 035 

1910, Cussler, Henry C. 191 1 . See Dailey Hist. Montgomery 

Classis, 3S. 
Fonda. Bush, (New Harlem, Broadalbin, Ransonville), Fulton Co., N.Y., 

1795. Ten Eyck, C. 1799-1812, Palmer, 1818-20, Van Vechten, S., Miss. 

to, 1823, Presbyt. 1823. 
Fordham, 1696. See New York City, Borough of Bronx. 
Ford's Bush. (Station). Morris, J., Miss, to, 1829. 
Forest Grove, 1869, see Jamestown ist, Mich. 
Forest Park, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 
Forrestville, Ringle, Marathon Co., Wis., 1905. MoUema, B. (S.S.) 1906- 

1912, Schroeder, P. E. A. 1916-1918, Lepeltak, C. 1919 

Forreston, Ogle Co., 111., 1862. Karston, 65-7, DeBeer, 67-70, Reichart, 

71-2. Schlieder, 72-80, Blaetgen, 80-5, Watermuelder, L. 85-6, NiehofT, 
86-8, Schmidt, H. T. 89-93, Watermuelder, L. 93-9, Veenker, 1899-1904, 
Potgeter, H. 1906-1914, Theilken, J. G. 1914 

Forreston, see Elim. 

Fort Carbon, Pa. (Station). DuMont. Miss, to, 1829-30. 

Fort Herkimer, Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1852. (This church may be con- 
sidered the continuation of the church of German Flats, or Flatts, which 
see). Stark, (S.S.) 52-7, vacant, 57-62, Stark, 62-3, Petrie, (S.S.) 
64-5, Quick, J. J. 67-8, Consaul, 68-72, HotTman, 73, Johns, 73-5, no 
settled pastor, but supplies, 75-88, Lord, Daniel, preaching in the sum- 
mer months for seven years — about 80-7, Minor, A. D. 88-91, Van 
Allen, Ira 92-96, Meeker, (S.S.) 1900-1903, Dyke, J. (S.S.) 1904, Kin- 
ney, C. W. (S.S.) 1909-1911, Classical Missionary, etc., 191 1, Beckes, 
O. E. (S.S.) 1912-17. See Johns' Hist. Disc, 1875. Cox's Herkimer. 
Dailey Hist. CI. Montgomery, 44-50. 

Fort Lee, Bergen Co., N.J., 1875. Vacant 75-83, name dropped. See Pal- 
isades, N. J. 

Fort Aliller. Washington- Co., N.Y. (See Argyle), 1817. Johnston, I. Y. 
17-23, Van Hook, 23-4, McKelvey, Jolin, 27. Mair, Miss, to, 29, Thomp- 
son, D. R. ss. Parry. 33-7, Wood, Joel, 40-5. Stebbins, (S.S.) 48, Slau- 
son, (S.S.) 48-50, Cochran, 52, Lansing, A. G. 67-8, Kellogg, 68-72, 
Labaw, 73-4. Ford. 75-7. Cochran. 77-S. VanDoren, D. K. 78-82. Chap- 
man, J. W. 83-4, McCullum, 85-90, Hainer, 90-5, Davis. L. E. 96, Luck- 
enhill, 97-8, Wiley, E. C. 1900-1902, Van Ess, Jacob (S.S.) 1904-1909, 
Weidncr. D. C. (S.S.) 1909-1913, Kinney, C. W. (S.S.) 1913 

Fort Plain, Montgomery Co., N.Y.. 1831. This ch. is a continuation of 
Canajoharie, 1750. Bogardus, N. 34-5, Burtiss, 35-6, Pepper, 37-40, 
Van Vechten. S. 41-4, McLean. C. G. 44-52. Schenck. M. L. 53-7, Hall, 
J. G. 58-64, Consaul. (S.S.) 64-5, Whittaker. W. (Presbyt.) (S.S.) 
66-8. Riggs, 70-6. Rogers, S. J. 76-9, Wortman. 80-3. Demarest. Jas. 
84-90. McCullum. 90-1900. Dougall. A. 1900-1902. Willoughby, 
H. C. 1904-1916, Kirkwood. T. J. 1916-22. 

Fort Plain, see Stone Arabia. 

Fort Sill, Okl. (Colony, Lawton) 1901. (Apache Mission). Wright, F. H. 
(S.S.) 1901-1904, Legters. L. L. (S.S.) 1907-1910. Sluytcr. H. 191 1- 

1913. Merged w'ith the Comanche Mission, 1913, and with the Mes- 
calero Church, 1914, which see. 

Fort Washington, Collegiate, 1909. see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Fostoria. la., see Cromwell Centre, la. 

Fourth, German, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Foxendorp, 1730-1785, German Branch of Schoharie, which see. 

Frankfort, Herkimer Co., N.Y., 1830. Snyder. 29-30, Seeley, 31-5, Mur- 

phy,' 39-40. Starks, 43-6, Murphy, 54-6. 
Franklin, Heelyton, Hale's Corners. Milwaukee Co.. Wis., 1851. KInti, 

1852-3. \'ander Meulen, J.. Sr. (S.S.) 1902-1907. 
Franklin. Nutley. Essex Co.. N.J.. 1855. Talmage, P. S. (S.S.) 55-9, Lott, 

59-65. Ostrom. (S.S.) 66-8. pastor. 68-9. Quick. A. M. 69-82, supplied, 



636 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

82-5, Skellinger, 85-6, Miller, B. C. 86-9, Stuart, 1890-1911, P.E. 1911- 
16, Stauffer. M. T. 1912-1914, Schenck, H. W. 1916 

Franklin Furnace, Sussex Co., N.J., 1878. Zabriskie, A. A. 78-81, Vaughn, 
J. 81-3, Garretson, G. S. 85-91, vacant, 91-4, became Presbyterian. 

Franklin Park, 1710, see Six Mile Run, N.J. 

Fredericktown, 1798, see Canada. 

Free Grace, Middleburg, Orange City, Sioux Co., la., 1885. Zwemer, A. 
86-91, Duiker, W. J. 91-5, Koster, 98-1900, Fortuin, 1901-1903, Douw- 
stra. Harm, 1903-21, Mansen, F. B. 1921 

Free, Jersey City, see Jersey City. 

Freehold ist, (Navasink, Marlboro), Monmouth Co., N.J., 1699. (See 
Middletown and Holmdel, N.J.). Supplied by Lupardus, Antonides, 
and Freeman, 1699-1709. Morgan, 1709-31, Haeghoort, 1731-5, Erick- 
zon, 1736-64, DuBois, B. 1764-1827, Van Vranken, S. A. 18.. -34, Otter- 
son, 35-8, Marccllus, 39-51, Willis, 51-68, Swain, 68-73, Wells, T. W. 
73-87, Bertholf, J. H. 88-92, Van Zee, 93-1900, Martine, 1900-1905, 
Davis, W. E. 1905-1911, Vyverberg, H. L. 1912-1914, Palmer, C. L. 
1914 . See "Dr. T. W. Welles' Hist of." Also Christian Intelli- 
gencer, Nov. I, 1899. 

Freehold 2d, 1842. In village of Freehold. Ganse, 43-56, Collier, E. W. 
56-66, Van Buren, P. called, but prevented by sickness from settling, 
67, Van Aken, G. 67-70, Hageman, C. S. 71-8, Brokaw, I. P. 1879-1905, 
P.E. 1905-16, Bayles, T. F. 1906-1910, Post, H. K. 1910-1916, Mertz, 
J. E. 1917-20, Vo^rman, A. H. 1921 

Fremont Centre, Newaygo Co., Mich., 1870. Kiekentveld, 70-2, Vander 
Ploeg, 77-8. This church seceded in 1883, but returned, 1884. Meu- 
lendyk, Josias, 84-90, Hoekje, 1891-1908, Oosterhof, A. 1909-1914, Dyk- 
stra, J. D. 1915-1917, Van Westenburg, J. 1918-21, Van Pernis, G. M. 
1921 

Friesland, Sandstone, Pine Co., Minn., 1896. Te Paske, 96-8, Kots, 1899- 
1905, Stegeman, Wm. 1906-1914, DeLange, Th. L. 1915-1918. 

Friesland, Wis. (Cambria, before 1915. Randolph Centre), 1893. Engels- 
man, 1898-1905, Vander Werf, A. 1906 

Fruitland, Mesa, Crawford, Col., 191 1. Te Selle, J. W. (S.S.) 191 1 

Fukuoka, 1915, see Japan. 

Fulton, Whitesides Co., 111., 1867. Woltman. 69-70, Vandermeulen, John 
70-5. Hazenberg, 75-7, Dykstra, 78-82, Vander Ploeg, H. 82-6, Te 
Winkle, J. W. 88-95, Duiker, W. J. 1895-1902, Joldersma, R. H. 1903- 
1907, Wolvius, W. 1907-1911, Koster, M. E. 1911-1916. Van Vliet, Wm. 
1916-1919, Frieling, H. 1920 

Fulton, 111., 2nd, 1916. Koster, M. E. 1916-1918, Van Westenburg, I. 
1 919 

Fulton, 111., see Ustick, Spring Valley, 111. 

Fultonville, Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1838. Dyer, 39-43. Van Burcn, J. M. 

• 43-52. Welles, R. 57-68, Teller, H. L. (S.S.) 1868, Kip. F. M. (Jr.) 

69-82, Van Vranken, F. V. 82-92, Schmitz. W. 92-1901. Van Hee, 1901- 

1905, Grant, J. E. 1906-1913, Irish, E. B. 1913-1916, Hagaman, T. A. 

1917-21. 

Fynaart, Allegan Co., Mich., 1869. Zwemer, J. F. 73-79, united with Saugu- 
tuck, 1880. Groeneveld, 81-2. Reorganized, 1885. Dangremond, G. 
85-9, Strabbing, 89-93, disbanded, 1894. See East Saugutuck. 

Galesburg, (Reasnor, Killduff), la., 1891. Klooster, F. 1892-1901, Classical 
Missionary, 1901-04, Wiebenga. J. 1903-1906. vacant, 1906-11, Van Den 
Berge. E. 1911-1915, Heneveld, G. G. 1916-1918. Disbanded 1920. 

Gallatin, Mt. Ross, Dutchess Co., N.Y.. 1746. (Called successively Stis- 
sing. or New Stissing. Livingston Manor, Ancram, and Greenbush). 
Fryenmoet. 1759-66. Livingston. J. H. 1779-81, Lansing, N. 1781-4, 
Romeyn, Jer. 1789-94, Vedder, H. 1803-64, Bogardus,-F. M. 63-9, Wye- 



THE CHURCHES 637 

koff, D. B. 70-81, Todd, W. N. 81-5, Reiner, 86-7. Bartholf, B. A. 

87-99, Walter, A. J. 1900-1902, Pearse, Nicholas 1903-1909, Force, F. A. 

1910-1917, Hemenway, F. W. 1920 

Gallupville, Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1844- Weidman, (S.S.) 44. Hammond, 

E S 44-52, Bogardus, 52-6. Lane, G. 57-6o, Comfort, 60-3, Vedder, K. 

63-71, Kershow, 72-7, Carr, 77-80, Van Doren, J. H. 82-6, Force, F. A. 

91-5. Dropped 1909. 
Gano, 1891, see Chicago, 111. 
Gansegat, now Fairfield, N.J. 
Gansevoort. Saratoga Co., N.Y., 1839. Birkby, 40-5, Du Bois, John, 45-50. 

Doe (S.S.) 52-3, Van Wyck, P. 53-6. McCartney, 57-63. Markle, 64-8, 

Cochrane, (S.S.) 7i, 77-^2, Mills, G. A. 83-4. Bailey, J. W. 85-6, Den- 
man, 89-92, Gulick, N. J. 92-5. Forbes. 97-1899. Phelps, P. T. 1902-1908, 

Classical Missionary, 1912-1918. 
Garden Plains, 111., 1909-1911. 
Gardiner, Ulster Co.. N.Y., 1891. Niles, 94-8. Bayles, T. F. 98-1902, Cornish, 

F. L. 1902-1903, Appel, J. B. 1904-1906, Millett, Jos. (S.S.) 1906-1908, 

Wells, C. E. 1909-1913, Neander, John, 1914-1918, Brmk, H. W. 

1919 . See Guilford. 

Garfield, Bergen Co., N.J., 1891. Seibert," G. 91-2. Seibert, G. G. 92-6, Myles, 

97-1901, Hill, E. 1901-1921, 
Gary, Minn., see Spring Creek. 
Gelderland, 1898, see Holland, Mich. 
Geneva, Ontario Co., N.Y., 1831. Mandeville, H. 31-4, Abeel, G. 34-49, 

Romeyn, J. 50-1, Voorhees, H. V. 51-4, Collier. Jos. 55-9. Wiley, 60-5, 

Rogers, S. J. 65-72, Brush, W. W. 72-8, Oppie, 78-9. Nasholds, 80-2, 

Strong, T. C. 82-5. Disbanded. See "Conover's Hist, of Geneva." 
George, 1893, see Hope, la. 
George, 1895, see Bethel, la. 

Georgetown, D. C. (Miss Station). Baldwin, E., Miss, to, 1822-4. 
German, German Evangelical. (Churches which have the word ^'German" 

in the title). 

American, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Avenue B., see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Brooklyn, see N.YC, Borough of Brooklyn. 

Elmhurst, see N.Y.C.. Borough of Brooklyn. 

Far Rockaway (Inwood), see Far Rockaway. 

Fourth, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Hoboken, see Hoboken. 

Jamaica, see N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 

Jersey City, see Jersey City. 

Manhattan, see N.Y.C.. Borough of Brooklyn. 

Melrose, see N.Y.C., Borough of the Bronx. 

Mission, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Newtown, see N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 

Norfolk St., see Sixty-Eighth St. 

Plainfield, see Plainfield. 

St. John's, see Jersey City. 

St. Peter's, see N.Y.C., Borough of Richmond. 

Zion, see N.Y.C., Borough of the Bronx. 
German Flats, N.Y., 1725. Same as Great Flatts, Flats, or Fort Herkimer, 

or Burnetsficld. "Doc. Hist." i. H^-Mi- "Cox's Herkimer," p. 4- 

Schuvler, Johannes (S.S.) 1736. Weiss. M. 1736-46. Rosencrantz 

(?)-i752, Ro.scncrantz, Ab. 1752-8, I759-I796, Pick, D. C. A. 1798-1801, 

Spinner, J. P. 1802-1848, Stark. J. L. (S.S.) 1848-1853, Pastor. 1862- 

1863. See Fort Herkimer. Dailey's History Montgomery Classis, 44- 
Germantown. Columbia Co.. N.Y. (East Camp, Kingsbury), 1728. Van 

Driessen. J. 1728-34, Mancius and Weiss occasionally, 1734-46, Schnorr, 

1746-51, Rubel, 1755-9, Fryenmoet. 1756-70. Cock, 1763-91. Cough, 177- •- 



638 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

8, Gebhard, occasionally; Schiefifer, J. D. 1794-1800, Fox, 1802-24, Rudy, 
25-36, Hangen, 36-40, Boyd, Josh, 42-48, Freese, 49-50. Hoff, 51-5, 
Meyers. A. H. 56-62. Schermerhorn, H. R. 62-5, Roe, 66-8, Bodine, 
68-74, Wyckoff, Jas. 75-83. Blair, H. P. 84-7, Smith, M. 88-95, Dyke, 
C. P. 95-1900, McCully, 1900-1903, Sahler, Wm. L., 1904-1910, White, 

B. F. 1910 

When Livingston sold 6,oco acres to the Crown, in 1710, 40 acres were 

reserved for the glebe. This is again mentioned in 1724. See also MSB. 

history read by Rev. Jas. Wyckofif, at laying of corner-stone, 1880. 

Germantown, see Livingston Memorial. 

Germantown, Pa., 1710. Van Vleck, P. 1710-13, Jones, Malachi, 1714-19; 
ch. became Presbyterian. 

German Valley, 1851, see Silver Creek. 111. 

German Valley, 1886, see Ramsay, la. 

Ghent, (Squampamuck), Columbia Co., 1775, Gebhard supplied, 1777-92, 
Schieffer, J. D., supplied 1794- 1800, Sluyter supplied occasionally. 

Ghent, Columbia Co., N.Y., 1819, revived. Wynkoop, P. S. 23-44, De 
Witt, J. 45-8, Gray, J. 48-55, Letson, 56-64, Drury, 1864-87, WyckoflF, 
B. D. 87-95, Phelps, P. T. 95-1900. Messier, Isaac, 1901-1905, Sauer- 

brunn, L. F. 1905-1908, Black, John 1908-1918, Seso, A. A. 1922 . 

See "Drury's Hist. Discourse." 

Ghent, see New Concord. 

Ghent 2d, 1843. Wyckoff. T. F. 43-4. (S.S.) Williamson, G. R. 44-8, 
Vendervoort, 48-51, Van Woert, 52-65, Sebring, E. N. 65-73, Schenck, 
Jac. W. 73-9, Sclrenck, I. S. 80-96, Bedford, 1897- 1902, Dangremond, 
G. C. 1903-1908, Morehouse, H. 1908-12, DeMeester, P. 1913-1919. 

Gibbonsville, see Washington and Gibbonsville. 

Gibbsville, Sheboygan, Sheboygan Co., Wis., 1856. Dunnewold, 68-87, De 
Bey, D. J. 88-96, Hospers, H. 97-9, Vander Werf, S. 1899-1902, Duiker, 
W. J. 1902-1908, Straks, J. H. 1909-1920, Ruisaard, M. C. 1921 

Giffords, 1821, see Princetown, N.Y. 

Gilboa, Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1836. Paige, 36-7, Bogardus, C. 38-42, Van 
Dyck, L. H. 43-52, Lockwood, S. 52-4. Welch, 55-6. Benedict, 57, Bates, 
E. D. 58, See, W. G. E. 59-61, Merwin, M. T. (S.S.) 1862, King, A. 
B. 62-3, Letson, 64-8, Moore. W. S. 69-73, Ball, (S.S.) 73-75, Cornet, 
76-9, vacant, 79-82, Miller, B. C. 82-5, Wessells, 87-9, Scarlett, J. H. 
93-1900. Bergmans J. C. 1901-02, Ruliffson, E. J. (S.S.) 1904-08, Hess, 
N. 1911-13, Vanderkam, Peter, (S.S.) 1914-16. See South Gilboa. 

Gingee, 1862, see India. 

Glascoe, 1807, see Flatbush, Ulster Co., N.Y. 

Glen, Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1794. Wyckoff, H. V. 1799-1803. Van Buren, 
P. 1804-14, Hasbrouck, J. R. H. 1814-26, Morris. J. F. 1827-9, Chitten- 
den, A. B. 1831-4, (Leckner, A. M. 1836), Jukes, C. 1838-44, Fisher, J. P. 
(S.S.) 1845-6. Roof, G. L. 1846-50, Van Vranken, A. H. 1851-65, Van 
Vranken, F. V. 1866-74, Dysart, J. P. 1874-79, Schoonmaker. R. L. 
. 1880-82, Lawsing S. O. 1882-88, Thyne, J. B. 1888-94, Hogan, J. S. 1894- 
97, Lansing ,R. A. 1897-1901, Smith, H. 1901-03, Sauerbnmn, 1904-05, 
Conant, C. A. (S.S.) 1905-09, Meeker, E. 1910-14. Supplied. Simmons, 

Fred. (S.S.) 192c . See "Hogan's Centennial Discourse, Dailey 

Hist. CI. of Montgomery, 51. 

Glen, Independent, 1830. Paulison, 1840-1851. See Dailey Hist, of Mont- 
gomery CI., 130. 

Glenham, Beacon, Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1837. Johnson, J. G. 40-6, Miller, 
46-9, Duryea, J. G. 51-2, Bevier, 53-60, Holmes, E. (S.S.) 60-5, Horton, 
65-7, Wyckoff, A. N. 67-71, Scudder, Jos. (S.S.) 72-5, Van Deventer, 
75-9, Schomp, 79-85, Beekman, P. S. 87-93, Strong, W. V. D. 1894- 
1903, Duffield. J. R. (S.S.) 1910, Vander Mel, C. (S.S.) 1911-12, Mac- 
Cullum, E. A. (S.S.) 1913-14, Herge, Chas. (S.S.) 1920 

Glen Head, N.Y., see Oyster Bay, N.Y. 



THE CHURCHES 639 

Glen Rock (Ridgewood), NJ., 1895. Supplied by students. Jongeneel, 
J. (S.S.) 1902-1903, Grant, J. W. 1903-191 1, Andreae, M. C. T. 1912-15, 
Weidner, 191 5-19, Lonsdale, Wm. J. 1920 

Glenville, ist, 1814, Cranesville, see Schenectady, N.Y. 

Glenville, 2d, 1818, see Schenectady, N.Y. 

Gnanodiam, 1867, see India. 

Goodland, Newton Co., Ind., 1902. Lepeltak, P. 1904-1906, Grull, J. D. 
1907-1911. 

Gorham, Ontario Co., N.Y.. 1843. Ryerson. 43-5, Lloyd, 46-7, Hammond, 
L 47-50. Disbanded 1853. See Dailey Hist. Montgomery CI., 135. 

Gotebo, Okl., 1906. Colby, H. E. 1906-1907. Vandeburg, S. (S.S.) 1908, 
MacNeil, J. R. (S.S.) 1909. Alf, Alfred (S.S.) 1910. Dismissed to 
Southern Presbyterian Church, 191 1. 

Gould Memorial, see Roxbury. 

Graafschap, Holland, Allegan Co., Mich.. 1850, (organization came from 
Holland in 1847; name changed to Central Park Reformed Church, 
1922; jomed R.C.A. 1850). Klyn, 49-51, Ypma, 52-5. In 1857. all except 
five families seceded. Pieters. 61-5. Broek. D. 65-70, Oggel, E. C. 
70-2. Vanderkley, 73-5, Zwemer, A. 76-86, John, C. C. A. L. 88-90, 
Zwemer, F. J. 92-6, Vander Meulen, J. 96-1900, Kuiper, C. 1901-1904, 
Kuizenga, John E. 1904-1906, Heines, C. 1907-1910, Wolvius, W. 191 1- 
15. Blocmendal, R. 1919-20, Hinkamp, P. E. (S.S.) 1921. See Central 
Park Reformed Church. 

Grace Reformed, Flatbush (Chapel, 1871), 1903. see N.Y.C.. Borough of 
Brooklyn. 

Grace, 1880, see Orangeburg, S.C. 

Grace. 1885, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Grace, see Woodhaven, 1891. 

Grace. 1897. see Grand Rapids. Mich. 

Grace, 1908. see Corsica, S.D. 

Grahamsville, Wallkill, Sijllivan Co., N.Y., 1844, Gregory, T. B. 44-8, Ham- 
mond, J. W. 49-52, Case. 52-3, Betts. 55-6. Jones, D. A. 58-63, Hammond, 
J. W. 63-7. Turner, 68-71, Milliken, 76-83, Lane, 85-7, Coombs, 90-3, 
Ruhl, 95-8, Hauser, 1902-1906. Services bv neighboring pastors, etc., 
1906 . See also Claraville, Wallkill. 

Grahamsville, 1880, see Unionville, N.Y. 

Grand, Okl.. 1904-08. 

Grand Gorge. Union Church at Moresville, 1836. Knight, Wm. (S S.) 1841 
Buckelow. W. P. 1859-62. Richards. L. E. (Pres.) (S.S.) 1866, Rhine- 
hart, J. K. (S.S.) 1871-2. Cornet. E. (S.S.) 1877-8, Wessells, (S.S.) 
1888-9. Dixon. C. M. 1897-1903, Dangremond, A. C. V. 1903-08, RulifT- 
son, E. J. 1908-12. Doyle. D. B. 1914-15. Zicgler, Vacslav (S.S.) 1916- 
1919. Stevens, C. N. 1919 . See Moresville. 

Grand Haven, Ottawa Co., Mich., 1851. Bolks, 52-5, Oggel. P. J 56-9, 
Vanderveen. 1861-8. Klyn, H. C. 68-9, De Beer, 69-72, Oggel, E. c! 
72-8, Duiker, 78-81. Dosker, H. E. 82-6, Wormser, A. 86-91, De Pruyn, 
P. 91-7. Muilcnberg. 1898-1908. Harmeling, H. 1909-1918. Schipper, H. 
1918 

Grand Haven. 2d, 1871. Vander Hart. 72-5, again, 77-9. Vander Veen, 
79-84. Wmter. E. 84-6, Stapelkamp, 86-8, Van Zanten, 90-3, Collier, 
G. Z. 96-1900, Vander Meulen, J. (Jr.) 1900-1907. Vander Meulen, John 
1908-14. Verburg. J. A. 1914-1915, Vruwink, H. A. 1917 

Grand Rapids. Kent Co., Mich. 

1. Fir.st. Fountain and Barclay Sts., 1840. Waring. Miss. to. 40-2. Taylor, 
A. B. 43-8. Berry. P. 60-1. Ferris, J. M. 62-5, Decker, H. 65-7, Van 
der Veen, C. 68-71, Van der Meulen. Jac. 71-2, Moerdyk, P. 73-92, 
Williamson, W. H. 92-9, Van der Meulen, T. M. 1900-1, Watermuelder, 
G. 1903-1905. Brown. J. A. 1907-1918. United with Grand Rapids, sec- 



640 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

ond to form Grand Rapids Central, 1918. See "Moerdyk's Hist, of," 
1880. 

2. Second, Bostwick St., 1850. Klyn, 54-6, Houbolt, 59-60, Van der Meu- 
len, C. 61-73, Dosker, N. H. 73-83, Winter, E. 83-95, De Bey, D. J. 96- 
1900, Kolyn, M. 1901-1910, Hospers, H. 1910-1918. United with Grand 
Rapids First to form Grand Rapids Central, 1918. 

3. Third, Diamond and Hermitage Sts., 1875. Kriekaard, A. 1876-1903, 
Dejonge, A. W. 1903-1905, Vander Berg, A., 1906-1918, Boer, N. 
1918 

4. Fourth, Ionia, North Ave., 1875. Hulst, L. J. 75-81, when the pastor and a 
large part of the church seceded to the Christian Reformed Church. 
De Free, P. 82-91, Bouma, P. J. 91-4, Warnshuis, J. W. 95-1900, Van 
Houte, J. 1900-1903, Kuyper, C. 1904-1911, Bosch, G. 1912-1913, Frieling, 
Hark, 1913-20, Muller, C. 1920 

5. Fifth, Church Place, Carpenter St., 1886. Joldersma, 86-9, Buursma, 
A. 89-1902, Hofifman, B. 1902-1912, Nettinga, S. C. 1912-1918, DeYoung, 
A. 1918 

6 Sixth, Oakdale Park, 536 Adams St., 1889. Lumkes, J. M. 90-3, Pool, 
Wm. 93-7, De Pree, P. 1898-1903, DeHaan, J. 1903-1910, Dykhuizen, 
H. 1910-1911, Duiker, Wm. J. 1911-1917, Dykema, K. j. 1917-1920, 
DeMotts, G. 1921 ' . 

7. Seventh, Jennette Ave., 1890. Lamar, J. 91-3, Muilenberg, T. W. 94-8, 
Zwemer, J. F. 98-1900, Broekstra, M. E. 1900-1905, Lubbers, F. 1906- 
1910, Heemstra, J. F. 1910-1913, Dejonge, A. W. 1914-1918, Van Lum- 
mel, A. J. 1919 — — 

8. Eighth, Burton St., 1891. Duiker, R. 92-6, Ihrman, 96-9, Frieling, H. 
1899-1903, Sietsema, J. 1904-1911, Van der Meer, M. D. 1912-1917, 
Menning, G. 1917 

9. Ninth, Watson and Delaney Sts., 1892. Boer, H. K. 92-5, Te Winkle, 
95-9, Schuurman, H. P. 1900-1903, Heines, C. 1903-1907, Joldersma, 
R. H. 1907-1909, Karreman, A. 1910-1915, Van Westenburg, J. 1915- 
1918, Van Dyk, J. A. 1918 

10. Bethany, East and Baldwin Sts., 1893. Lamar, J. 93-8, Ossewaarde, 
Jas. 1899-1902, Boer, N. 1903-1907, Wayer, James 1907-1919, Klerk, A. 
1920 

11. Grace, Caulfield Av., 1897. Van der Erve, J. 98-1901, Joldersma, 
1901-1902, Cheff, P. P. 1903-1905, Braak, P. 1905-1908, Dykstra, L. 
1909-19x2, Spaan, C. H. 1912 

12. Bethel, Coit Ave., 1906. Dejong, P. C. 1908-1910, Kooiker, G. 191 1- 
1916, Te Paske, A. J. 1917-20, Schwitters, E. O. 1921. 

13. Immanuel, Thomas St., 1907. Bloemendal, R. 1907-1912, Riepma, S. F. 
1911-1914, Van Westenberg, L 1914-19, Brouwer, J. G. 1920 • 

14. Trinity, Davis Ave., 1908. Muilenburg, T. W. 1908-1911, Joldersma, 
R. H. 1912-1913, Van Zomeren, Jolin, 1914-21. 

15. East Paris, 1914-1918. 

16. Knapp Ave., 191 5. Classical Missionary, etc., 191 5 . Van Den 

Bosch, T. G. 1919 

17. Calvary, East Fulton St., 1916. Dame, C. P. 1916-1918. Stegenga, A. 
1918-1919, Stegenga, Miner, 1919 

18. Zion, Jefiferson Ave., 1917. Bloemendal, R. 1918-19, Goebel, G. A. T. 
1919-21. Kuizenga, E. C. 1922 

19. Central Reformed, 1918. Formed by union of Grand Rapids, First and 
Second. Dykstra, J. A. 1919 

20. Fairview, 1918. Huibregtse, Edward, 1920 

Grand Rapids, Independent, 1875? 

Grand View, Armour, Douglas Co., S.D., 1885. Zwemer, F. J. 86-9, 
Pool, Wm. 89-90, Zwemer, F. J. 90-2, Stegeman, Wm. 92-7, classical 
missionary, 97-1900, Brummel, Jac. 1900-1906, Duven, M. J. 1907-1910, 
Tanis, Herman, 1911-1915, Benes, L. H. 1916 



THE CHURCHES 64I 

Grandville, Kent Co., Mich., 1859. Kiekintveld, 67-70, De Jonge, W. P. 
71-87, Duiker, R. 87-89, Bouma, 90-1, Broek, D. 1892-1904, Ossewaarde, 
John 1904-1908, Ruisaard, M. C. 1908-1910, Moerdyk, Wm. 1910-1913, 
Vander Schoor, C. 1913-1915, Brouwer, J. G. 1916-1919, Van Zyl, B. R. 
1920-1921. 

Grant, Mich., 1907. Supplied. DeWitt, Herman, 1912-1916. 

Gravesend, 1654, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Gray Hawk, Kentucky. Mission, 1914. DeYoung, B. 1914, Worthington, 
Wm. A. 1919 

Great Flats or German Flats, or Flats. 

Greenburgh, Elmsford, Westchester Co., N.Y., 1850. (This church was 
organized in 1788 as a Congregational Church; it afterward became 
Presbyterian, and in 1850 entered into its present relations). Smith, 

12-20 , Phelps, 50-1, Wyckoflf, A. V. 51-2, See, J. L. 53-4, Moore, 

56-64, Bogardus, W. E. 65-7, Bertholf, J. H. 67-9, Bagley, 73-5, Hoyt, 
76-9, Jan. I. Vacant, 79-84, Turner, W. E. 84-9, Goebel, 1890-1910, 
Wallace, A. V. S. 1911-1918, Fisher, W. W. 1919 

Greenbush, (Livingston Manor), 1746. See Gallatin. 

Greenbush, East Greenbush, Rensselaer Co., N.Y., 1787. Romeyn, J. V. C. 
1788-99, Zabriskie, J. L. 1801-11, Labagh, I. 1811-15, Marselus, 15-22, 
Taylor, B. C. 22-5, Dumont, 26-9, Liddell, 30-4, Stimpson, 34-52, Tal- 
mage, J. R. 52-60, Wilson, P. Q. 61-6, Anderson, W. 66-76, Steele, J. 
77-87. Laubenheimer, 1888-1901, Freer, H. A. 1902-1912, Ellis, A. M. 
1912-1915, Simpson, Wm. E. 1915-1918, Sheflfer, H. L. 1919-21. See 
"Pockman's Hist, of Refd. Ch. East Greenbush," 1891. 

Greenbush, Plymouth, Sheboygan Co., Wis., 1884. Dropped 191 1. 

Greendale, 1836, see Greenport, Columbia Co., N.Y. 

Greenleafton, Preston, Fillmore Co., Minn., 1869. Lepeltak, 70-7, Vander- 
ploeg, 78-82, De Jong, J. P. 83-5, Borgers, H. 86-93, Oosterhoflf, 95- 
1900, Klerk, 1900-1904, Beckering, W. 1904-1907, Grooters, P. 1908- 
1916, Duven, M. J. 1916-21, Flikkema, B. M. 1922 

Green Point, 1848, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Greenport, (Mt. Pleasant), Columbia Co., N.Y., 1835. Hangen, (S.S.) 
36-7, Fisher, G. H. (S.S.) 38-39, Van Wagenen, 39-41, Fonda, J. D. 
42-7, Van Wyck, 48-51, Voorhees, J. N. 51-6, Finch, 57-61, Himrod, 
61-81, Perry, W. D. 82-6, Veenschoten, 86-90, Ackerman, 90-4, Corwin, 
E. T. 95-7, Corwin, C. E. 1897-1905, Zabriskie, A. A. 1906-1909, Jonker, 
Philip 1910-1918, Mulford, H. D. B. (S.S.) 1919, Jonker, Philip 1920, 

Ferris, P. R. 1921 . See "Corwin's Ecc. Hist, of Columbia Co., 

N.Y., 1896. 

Greenville. Scarsdale, Westchester Co., N.Y., 1840. Hulbert, 42-5, Stew- 
art, 46-52, Collier, Jos. 52-5, Marcellus, 56-9, Romondt, 60-1, Pitcher, 
J. H. 61-73, Schoonmaker, R. L. 76-8, Ries, 78-82, Bolton, 82-4, Gra- 
ham, 85-9, Harper, 1890-1905, McCurry, D. E. 1909-1912, Sims, N. L. R. 
1912-1914, Brownlee, F. L. 1915-1916, Hallenbeck, C. A. 1917-1920, 
Livingston, T. (S.S.) 1920 

Greenville, 1871, see Jersey City, N.J. 

Greenwich, 1803, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Greenwich, 1812, see Union Village, Easton, Washington Co., N.Y. 

Greenwood, Clark Co., Wis., 1880? 

Greenwood Heights, 1892. see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Griggstown, Belle Mead, Somerset Co., N.J., 1842. Lord, J. S. 43-7, Todd, 
J. A. 48-55, Livingston, E. P. 55-8, Searle, Stephen, 59-73, Williams, 
R. G. 74-7, Searle, J. P. 78-81. Gebhard, J. G. 82-5, Palmer, R. 86-90, 
Southard, 91-1902, Sanson, J. R. (S.S.) 1903-1920, Walter, J. R. (S.S.) 
1921-22. 

Grove church. 1843, see New Durham, N.J. 

Guilderland, see Helderbergh. 

Guilford, Libertyville, New Paltz, Gardiner, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1833. Brush, 



642 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

W. 34-51, Jansen, J. N. 52-63, De Witt, R. 64-71, Lasher, 1873-1915, 

P.E. 1915 

Guttenberg, Passaic, Hudson Co., N.J., 1869. Mabon, W. V. V. (S.S.) 
69-72, Crolius, 72-4, Wilson, P. Q. (S.S.) 74-6, Barr, 78-80, Shaw, A. 
80-4, Sparks, 84-6, Morton, 88-9, Johnston, 90-1, Manchee, 1894-1917, 
EHason, H. A. 1917 

Haarlem, see Harlem. 

Hackensack, Bergen Co., N.J., churches in : 

1. Hackensack, French church, 1682? Supplied probably by Daille, 1683- 
96. See Dr. D. D. Demarest's "Huguenots on the Hackensack," 1886, 
and "Collections of Huguenot Society." 

2. Hackensack, 1686. Supplied by Tesschenmaeker, 1686-7, by Varick, 
1687-9; pastors: Bertholf, G. 1694-1724, Erickzon, 1725-8; supplied 
by Du Bois, Gaulterus, 1728-30; Curtenius, 1730-55, Goetschius, J. H. 
1748-74, Romeyn, D. 1775-84, Froeligh, S. 1786-1822, seceded. "Ecc. 
Rec, N.Y." "Taylor's Annals." "Brinkerhoff's Hist. True R.D.C." 

3. Hackensack Secession, 1822. Froeligh, S. 22-7, Paulison, 31-2, Dem- 
ur est, C. T. 39-52, Blauvelt, C. J. 53-9, DeBaun, J. Y. 60-87, Voorhis, 
J. C. 1887 

4. Hackensack, Independent, 1832. Paulison, 32-40, Amerman, A. 43-71, 
when church became Presbyterian. 

5. Hackensack, 1756, First. Schuyler, 1756-66, Blauw, 1768-71, Kuypers, 
W. 1771-97, Romeyn, J. V. C. 1799-1833, Romeyn, Jas. 33-6, Warner, A. 
H. 37-65, Romeyn, T. B. 65-85, Vanderwart, 1886-1910, Von Schleider, 
Albert, 1910 . See "T. B. Romeyn's Hist. Disc." 

6. Hackensack 2d, 1855. Demarest, Jas. (Jr.) 56-63, Fisher, G. H. 64-70, 
Durand, 71-82, Johnson, A. 1884 

7. Hackensack, Third (Ger.), 1857. Becker, 57-60, Wolf, Miss, to, 62, 
Schroeder, 64-9, Losch, 70-2, Saul, 73-4, Ricke, 74-7, Windemuth, 77-9, 
Goebel, J. H. 81-90, Bombin, 1891-1912, Weber, August, 1912 

8. Hackensack, Italian, 191 5. Merlo, Samuel S. 1915-1917, lorizzo, Gae- 
tano, 1917^ 

Hagaman, Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1855. Pearse, 56-9, Slingerland, 60-2, 
Hageman, A. J. 63-87, Hansen, 87-93, Wurts, 93-1901, Weidncr, D. C. 
1902-1905, Seibert, G. G. 1906-1911, Bedford, C. V. W. 1912-1918, Smith, 
C. W. 1 91 8 . See Dailey Hist, of Montgomery Classis, 54. 

Hales Corners, Wis., see Franklin. 

Half Moon, now Waterford. "Doc. Hist." i. 425. 

Hallebergh, same as Lisha's Kill. 

Hallowell, 1816, see Canada. 

Hamilton, (Rabbitt River, Zabriskie Memorial), Allegan Co., Mich., 1870. 
Dangremond, 69-73. Supplied by pastor of Overisel, 1873-89, Strab- 
bing, A. H. 1889-93, Boer, H. K. 1895-1900, Rozendal, A. 1900-1904, 
Strabbing, A. H. 1905-1909, Hankamp, G. 1910-1913, Walvoord, W. C. 
1914-1918, TerLouw, J. S. 1919-21, Roggen, J. A. 1922 

Hamilton, see American Reformed, Dummingville, East Overisel. 

Hamilton Grange, 1887, see N.Y.C., Borough of The Bronx. 

Hanover, Adams Co., Pa., 1768, (on the Susquehanna), near Conowago; 
see note under Conowago, Pa. Gray, A. 1793-6. The Dutch people 
removed from this place almost in a body to the Genesee country, 
N.Y., 1793-6. 

Hardewyck, Ottawa Co., Mich., 1880? 

Hardwick, Warren Co., N.J., 1760. Peppard, Francis, Presbyt. (S.S.) 
1764; Condict, I. supplied, occasionally, 1787-93, (Chitara, 1787-92, 
Wack, C. 1792-1809, also Wack, J. J. 1798-1803, Senn, 1795-1800), 
entered R.D.C. from Ger. Refd. Ch. 181 1, Force, 1811-16. See Knowl- 
ton and Stillwater, N.J. 



THE CHURCHES 643 

Hardy Co., Va., 1789. (Miss, station). Jennings, 1789-92 became Presbyt. 

Harlem. 1660, see New York City, Borough of Manhattan. 

Harlem. (Ger.), 1853, see New York City, Borough of Manhattan. 

Harlem, Mich., 1904. Classical Missionary, etc., 1904. Wynveen, B. 1914- 
1918, Wiersma, F. M. 1921 

Harlingen, (Sourland, Millstone), Somerset Co., N.J., 1727. Frelinghuy- 
sen, T. J. 1729-48, Frelinghuysen, J. 1750-4, (Arondeus, Conferentie, 
1747-54), Hardenbergh, 1758-61, Van Harlingen, J. M. 1762-95, Smith, 
W. R. 1795-1817, Polhemus, H. 1798-1808, Labagh, P. 1809-44, Gard- 
ner, J. 44-81, Gardner, J. S. 80-3, Kip, F. M. 83-1902, Walter, A. J. 
1902-1910, Sahler, W. L. 1910 . See "Hoagland's Hist. Notes." 

Harlingen 2d. 1831. Reorganized as Blawenberg, 1832. 

Harrington Park, N.J., 1908. Supplied 1908-1911, Cox, H. M. 191 1-1916, 
Davis, Wm. E. (S.S.) 1916-1917, Adams, Thomas 1917 

Harrison. Douglas Co., S.D., 1883. Stegeman, A. 83-92, Ziegeler, 94-1900, 
Straks, 1901 -1909, Schipper, Henry, 1909-1914, DeBeer, J. 1914 

Harrison, see Charles Mix. 

Harrison, Okl., 1902. Cheff, P. P. 1902, Mulder, T. 1903-1907. Name 
dropped 1909. 

Hartsburg, Logan Co., 111., 1877. Rodenberg, 1877. Name of ch. dropped, 
1881. 

Hasbrouck Heights, Bergen Co., N.J., 1893. Shepard, C. I. 1893-1903, Tulp, 

A. P. 1904-1907, Staats, B. B. 1907-1912, Edson, G. C. 1912-1915, Pock- 
man, P. T. 1916-1919, Hoffman, J. E. 1920 

Hastings, Westchester Co., N.Y., 1850. Phelps, 50-9, Quackenbush, 59-60, 
Johnson, H. H. 62-4, Peck, T. R. G. 64-82, Curtis, M. M. 83-5, Dumont, 
W. A. 85-8, Norris, J. A. 88-95, Sigafoos, 1897-1904, Campbell, J. I. 
1904-1905, Thompson, E. W. 1906 

Hatley, see Forestville, Wis. 

Havana, Mason Co., 111.. 1865. Williamson, N. D. (S.S.) 65-6, Decker, 
67-72, Seibert. 72-81, Gilmore, 82-4, Ziegler, 85-6, Scudder, F. S. 90-3, 
Thompson, E. W. 95. Scarlett, G. W. 95-1900, Sonnema, C. J. (S.S.) 
1901. Dropped 1903. 

Havana, Minn., see Spring Creek, Minn. 

Hawthorne, Paterson, North Paterson, Passaic Co., N.J., 1895. Conover, 
G. M. 95-8, Johnston, W. 98-1900, Grant, J. E. 1901-1906, Vroom, W. 
H. (S.S.) 1909-1914, Bloom, W. S. 1916-21, Reeves, J. R. 1921 

Hawthorne. N.Y., see Unionville, N.Y. 

Heeleyton, 1851, see Franklin, Wis. 

Helderbergh, Guilderland, Albany Co., N.Y., 1767. Romeyn, D., supplied 
occasionally, 87-93, Van Huysen, H. 1793-1824, Blair, Miss, to, 24, 
Hardenbergh. J. B. 24-5, Blair, 25-30, Bogardus, N. 30-3, Frazer, 35-8. 
Steele, J. B. 38-45. Bailey, 45-7, Davis, W. P. 48-51, Van Dyck, L. H. 
52-6. Davis, W. P. 57-69, Gamble, 70-85, Voorhees, H. M. 86-9, Staats, 

B. B. 90-6, Seibert, G. G. 1896-1906, Luther, M. F. 1906-1909, Winne, 

J. E. 1909-191 1, Moffet, E. O. 1912 . See "Voorhees' Hist. Ser. in 

MSS.," 1889. 

Hempstead. L. I. 1731. See Success and North Hempstead, L.I. 

Hempstead, Secession, (Kakiat), 1825. Demarest, J. D. 1824-58, De Baun, 
J. Y. 1856-60. 

Henderson, 1798. 

Henderson. (Warren), Herkimer Co.. N.Y., 1829. Hangen, 30-2, Noe, 35, 
De Voe, 36-9, Pepper, 40-5, supplied by Hall, D. B. 47, by Whitbeck, 
J. 49-50, Lord, D. 51-6, again, 60-4, Compton, 71-4, Lord, D. 78-87, 
vacant until 95, name dropped. 

Herkimer, Herkimer Co., N.Y., 1723. Probably supplied by Weiss, 1735-42 
and by Roscncrantz, 1751-2. Rosencrantz, A. 1752-7 and 1759-96, Pick, 
1798-1801, Spinner, 1801-1841, Murphy, J. 1837-42, again 1843-9, Mead, 
50-59. Gardner, 60-4, Patrie, (S.S.) 64-8, Con.saul, 69-77, Brokaw, R. 



644 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

W. 77-'i2, Cox, 82-90, Gebhard, I. G. 91-1900, Dyke, C. P. 1900-03, 
Dyke, J. 1904, Taylor, C. F. (S.S.) 1905-08, Brinckerhoff, J. H. 1908-17, 

Conklin, W. D. 1918 . See Doc. Hist, iii, 674, 686, Cox Hist, of 

Herkimer, Dailey Hist. CI. of Mont., 56. 

Herkimer, 2d, 1824. Centre, Miss, to, 24-5, Ketcham, Miss, to, 26-7, Boyd, 
Josh., Miss, to, 27-8, Morris, J., Miss, to, 28-9, Snyder, Miss, to, 29-31, 
Pitcher, J. H. 2,2-},, merged in Herkimer ist, 1836. See Dailey Hist. 
Montgomery CI., 121. 

Herman, Minn., 1914. 

Hicksville, Queens Co., N.Y., 1883. Gutweiler, 1884-1910, Ottinger, J. C. 
1912-1918, Emerick, I. P. 1918-1920. 

High Bridge, Hunterdon Co., N.J., 1866. Wyckoff, C. (S.S.) 66-8, pastor, 
68-9, Van Amburgh, 69-71, Fehrman, 72-4, Dean, 75-85, Long, 86-8, 
Voorhees, H. M. 90-2, Kip, I. L. 92-7, Lawrence, C. L. 99-1902, Van 
Zee, C. W. 1902-1903, Voorhees, O. M. 1903-1909, Conklin, M. T. 
1910-1915, Reese, D. R. 1916 

High Bridge, 1874, see N.Y.C., Borough of The Bronx. 

High Falls, 1807, see Clove, Ulster Co., N.Y. 

Highland Park, 1890, see New Brunswick, N.J. 

Highlands, Monmouth Co., N.J., 1874. Allen, A. W. 74-84, supplied by 
students and others, 84-92, MacNair, W. 92-5, Zabriskie, A. A. 99-1900, 
Erler, John 1902-1903. Removed from roll of churches, 1906. 

High Prairie, ( Hooge Prairie), Cook Co., 111., organized 1849, but inde- 
pendent till 1852. Bolks, 62-5, Lepeltak, 65-70, Koopman, 70-7. 

Highwood, Bergen Co., N.J., 1900. Sciple, 1900-1903, Gardiner, J. C. 1903- 
1909, Leiss, S. R. 1910-1913, Frederick, R. (S.S.) 1913-15, Von 
Schleider, A. (S.S.) 1915, Dailey, W. N. P. (S.S.) 1916-1917, Smith, 
B. M. (S.S.) 1918-20. 

High Woods, Saugerties, Mt. Marion, N.Y., 1912. Gulick, G. W. 1912-1914, 
Seiple, Wm. H. (S.S.) 1917, Dickens, Wm. H. 1917-21, Kerr, J. H. 
(S.S.) 1922 

Hillsborough, (at Millstone, N.J.), Somerset Co., N.J., 1766. Supplied by 
Leydt, J., Hardenbergh, J. R., and Van Harlingen, J. M., 1766-74, 
Foering, 1774-9, (called to preach in English), church chartered, 1775, 
Froeligh, S. 1780-6, Van Harlingen, J. M. 1787-95, Cannon, 1797-1807, 
Schureman, 1807-9, Zabriskie, John L. 11-50, DeWitt, John, 50-63, 
Corwin, E. T. 63-88, Shafer, T. 1889-1904, Ferwerda, Floris, 1905- 

1912, Hanson, Andrew, 1913-1918, Neander, Jolin. 1918 . See "Cor- 

win's Millstone Centennial," 1866, and "Corwin's 20th Anniversary Ser- 
mons," 1884. 

Hillsdale, (Krum), Columbia Co., N.Y., 1776. Until 1800 the Lutherans 
also used this church and it was known as "The Reformed Lutheran 
Unity Church." Schuneman, 1776-1787, Gebhard, 1783-1807, Zabriskie, 
1808-1815, Sluyter. 1816-25, Wynkoop, 1825-40, Himrod, 1842-3. Dis- 
solved 185 1. 

Hingham, Sheboygan Co., Wis., 1890. Karsten, 90-3, Zwemer, F. J. 1898- 
1903, Swart, Peter, 1904-1910, Duven, M. J. 1911-1916, Dykhuizen, H. 

1917 

Hoboken, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1828. 

Hoboken, Hudson Co., N.J., 1850. (Ostrander, H., Miss, to, 22, Abeel, G., 
Miss, to, 1824-8), Gregory, T. B., Miss, to, 50-4, Parker, C. 55-8, Mann, 
58-61, Parker. C. July-Nov., 61, Riddle, M. 62-5, Vroom, W. H. 65-7, 
Allen, J. K. 68-70, Buck, 70-4, Parker, Chs. 74-9, House, 79-87, Man- 
chee, (S.S.) 87-9, Mattice, H. 89-95, Van Arsdale, N. (S.S.) 96, 
Bluhm, 1897-1902, Addy, J. G. 1903-04, Ranson, A. A. 1904-1906, Adams, 
W. Ten Eyck 1906-1910, Peters, J. D. 1910 

Hoboken, (Ger.), 1856. Mohn, 56-85, Freund, 87-8, Rudolph, 1889-1920, 
Wettstein, A. Q. 1921 

Hoboken, see West Hoboken. 



THE CHURCHES 645 

Hohokus, Bergen Co., NJ., 1872. Jongeneel, Miss, to, 1871-3. 
Hohokus. Bergen Co., N.J., 1914. Terhune, J.A. (S.S.) 1914 

Holland, Ottawa Co., Mich.; churches in: 

1. First, organized in the Neths., 1847, and came to America, as a Church. 
United with R.C.A. 1850. Van Raalte, 47-67, Rieters, 69-79, Steffens, 
N. M. 83-4, supplied, 84-91, Van Houte, Jac. 91-1900, Van der Werf, 
S. 1902-1905, Veldman. H. J. 1906-1919, Wayer, James, 1919 

2. Hope Church, 1862. Stewart, A. T. 66-77, Van Pelt, 78-83, Jones, T. 
W. 83-8. Bergen, J. T. 89-92, Birchby, 92-9, Bergen, J. T. (S.S.) 1900- 
1906. Vandcr Meulen, J. M. 1907-1909, Niles, E. 1910-1911, Bruske, 
A. F. (S.S.) 1912-1916, Cheff, P. P. 1918 

3. Third, 1867. Van der Meulen, Jac. C. 68-71, Utterwick, 72-80, Broek, 
D. 80-8, Dosker, H. E. 89-94, Dubbink, 95-1904, Blekkink, E. J. 1905- 

1912, Flipse, M. 1914-20. Martin, J. M. 1921 . See Hist. Sketch by 

Dubbink. 

4. Ebenezer, 1867. Kuyper, A. C. 67-77, Dosker, H. E. 79-82, Gronveld, 
82-3. Meulendyke, Josias, 83-4, Vander Meulen, John, 84-91, John, 
C. C. A. L. 91-2, Pietenpol, 92-5, Vandermeulen, John, 1895-1902, Tekol- 
ste. Garret. 1902-1903, Wayer, James, 1904-1907, Meengs, Ph. G. 1908- 
1911, Dykstra. L. 1912-1913, Meeter, J. 1913-1914, Strabbing, A. H. 

1915 

5. Fourth, 1896. De Jonge, A. W. 1898-1903, Wolvius, Wm. 1903-1907, 
Lumkes ,J. M. 1908-1911, Bouma, P. A. J. 1911-1913, Broekstra, M. E. 
1914-1918, Heemstra, J. F. 1919 

6. Gelderland, 1899. De Jonge, B. 1900-1902, Karsten, J. H. (S.S.) 1903- 
1905, Hoekje, John (S.S.) 1908-1909, Teves, J. (S.S.) 1911-1912. Name 
dropped 191 4. 

7. Trinity, 191 1. Van Peursem, John 1912-1918. Dame. C. 1918-21. 

8. Sixth, 1916. Bruggers, J. H. 1919 

Holland, see Twin Lakes. Mich. 

Holland, Mich. 

Graapschap, 1850, see Graapschap. 
North, 1853, see North Holland. 
Harlem, 1904. see Harlem, Mich. 

Holland, see Albany, N.Y. 

Holland, see Cedar Grove, Wis. 

Holland, see Churchville, Minn. 

Holland, Lancaster Co., Neb., 1870. TeWinkle, 71-6, Huizenga, J. 76-91, 
Van Duine. 1892-1900, DeBey, D. J. 1900-1909, Rozendal, A. 1909-1912, 
Roetman, Z. 1912 — — 

Holland, see Little Falls, N.J. 

Holland. 2d, Neb.. 1873-1885. 

Holland, see Clifton, N.J. 

Holland, see Passaic, N.J. 

Holland, see Paterson. N. J. First, Second. Sixth, Union Reformed. 

Holland, see Vanden Burg, S.D., 

Holland, sec Wortendyke. N.J. 

Holmdcl. (Middletown, Neversink), Monmouth Co.. N.J., 1699. See Free- 
hold, N.J. Supplied by Lupardus, Antonides and Freeman, 1699-1709, 
Morgan, 1709-31, Haeghoort. 1731-5, Erickzon, 1736-64, Du Bois, B. 
1764-1825, Van Vranken, S. A. 17-26, Beekman, 26-36, Thompson, 
F. B. (S.S.) 37-8, Reiley. W. 39-87. Hageman, A. 87-93, Wyckoff, G. 

1894-1909, Bacdcr, F. N. 191C-14. MacNair. Wilmcr 1914 . This, 

though a separate congregation, was 6ne ecclesiastical body with Free- 
hold 1st until 1825. The name Holmdel was assumed in 1867. 

Honey Creek, 1855, now Raritan, 111. 

Hong-san, 1870, see China. 



646 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Hooge Prairie, 1852, see High Prairie, 111. 

Hooker, 1882, see Van den Berg, S.D. 

Hope, Big Timber, Mont., 191 1. Classical Missionary, 1911-1912, Duven, 
Wm. (S.S.) 1913-1917, Kroodsma, R. (S.S.) 1917-1919, Van der 
Schoor, C. 1921 

Hope, George, Lyon Co., la., 1892. Bollenbacker, 93, Niemeyer, H. 94-S, 
Janssen, W. T. 96-9, Schiniicker, 1899-1902, Ziegler, L. 1902-1917, Pop- 
pen, O. G. 1918- 

Hope, Grand Rapids, 1912-1913. Perhaps a clerical error. 

Hope, 1862, see Holland 2d, Mich. 

Hope, (LaGrace, Westfield), Emmons Co., now Campbell Co., N.D., 1885. 
Zwemer, F. J. 87-9, Vander Meulen, Jac. 89-90, Zwemer, F. J. 90-2, 
Harmeling, S. J. 93-4, classical missionary, 94-7, Dykema, 1897-1902, 
Braak, Peter 1902-1905, Lammers, B. W. 1905-1910, Schilstra, E. S. 
1910-1913, Menning, G. 1914-1917, Dykstra, J. D. 1918-21, Douwstra, 
R. D. 1921 

Hope, Sheboygan, Sheboygan Co., Wis., 1891. Classical missionary, 91-4, 
Sietsema, 94-8, Siegers, 1901-1909, Strabbing, A. H. 1910-1915, Ruisaard, 
M. C. 1916-21. 

Hope, see West Hoboken, N.J. 

Hope Mission, see Detroit. 

Hopewell, Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1757. Rysdyck, 1765-89, Blauvelt, I. 1783- 
90, Van Vranken, N. 1791-1804, Barcalo, 1805-10, De Witt, T. 12-26, 
Whitehead, 28-35, Polhemus, A. 35-57, Cobb, O. E. 57-72, Taylor, 
G. 73-80, Polhe'mus, C. H. 80-91, Clapp, 1892-1903, Bird, Addison, C. 
1904-1910, Service, Wm. A. 1911-1919, Burner, Wm. A. 1921 

Horse Neck, now Fairfield. 

Horton Memorial, Shawnee, Okl., 1907. Harper, R. H. 1907, Conklin, M. 
T. 1905-1910. Disbanded 1911. 

Hortonville, Sullivan Co., N.Y., 1875. 

Hospers, Sioux Co., la., 1886. Dangremond, G. (S.S.) 88-90, Van der Kam, 
92-4, Te Grootenhuis, D. J. 95-1900, Te Selle, 1900-1905, Riepma, S. 
F. 1905-1908, Douwstra, G. H. 1908 . See Newkirk. 

Howard Prairie, Sheboygan Co., Wis., 1885? 

Howe's Cave, Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1808 (formerly Schoharie Mt. in East 
Cobleskill). Quaw, 1834-6, Scribner, (S.S.) 47-8, Vedder, E. 55-63, 
Markle, (S.S.) 72-5, Millspaugh, 76-8, Buckelew, 79-86, Beekman, 
T. A. 89-93, Lipes, 94-5, Jongenell, Jas. 95-9, Voegelin, 1900-1904, Hage- 
man, P. K. (S.S.) 1904-1906, Benson, C. H. 1908-1910, Simpson, Wm. 
E. 1910-1915, Amerman, J. L. 1915-1920. 

Howe's Cave, Second, Howe Cave, N.Y., (Central Bridge), N.Y., 1906. 
Moffatt, E. O. 1906-1912, Morehouse, H. C. 1912 

Hudson, Columbia Co., N.Y., 1835. Fisher, G. H. 36-41, Gosman, 41-53, 
Demarest, D. D. 53-65, Holmes, J. McC. 65-77, McLeod, 78-9, Smith, 
W. 80-5, Gleason, 86-9, Schenck, F. S. 90-7, Park, C. 1898-1914, Martin, 
J. M. 1915-21, Murphy, J. H. 1921 

Hudson, see Greenport, N.Y. 

Hudson, Hungarian, 1913. Hamory, L. S. H. 1913-1916, Von Pompl, Ru- 
dolph, 1916-1918. Disbanded 1918. 

Hudson City, 1846, see Jersey City, N.J. 

Hudson City, (Ger.), 1853, see Jersey City, N.J. 

Hudson City, 2d, (Ger.), 1859, see Jersey City, N.J. 

Hudsonville, Mich., 1912. Supplied 1912. Dolfin, C. 1919. 

Hudsonville, Mich. See Jamestown, First. North Blendon, South Blendon. 

Huguenot, Huguenot Park, see N.Y.C., Borough of Richmond. 

Hull, Pattersonville, Sioux Co., la., 1885. Lammers, 89-92, Kriekaard, C. 
93-6, Broekstra, 97-1900, Koster, S. E. 1900-1905, Dejonge, A. W. 1905- 
1913, Bouma, P. A. J. 1914-1919, Kregel, J. H. 1919 

Hull, Emmons Co., S.D., 1889. Zwemer, F. J. 89-92, Harmeling, S. J. 93-4. 
Disbanded 1894. 



THE CHURCHES 647 

Hull, la., American Reformed, 191 1. Douma, J. W. 1911-1914, DuBois, A. 
A. 1916-1917, Nies, M. G. 1919-1920. Disbanded. 

Hull, la., American, 1921. Dykstra, J. D. 1921 

Hungarian, see Chicago, 111., West Side. Flemington, N.J., Hudson, N.Y., 
Manville, N.J., Peekskill, N.Y., Poughkeepsie, N.Y. 

Hurley, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1801. Smith. T. G. 1801-8, Gosman, 1808-11, 
Ostrander, H. 11-14, Carle, 14-25, Van Keuren, 26-34, Mason, J. (S.S.) 
34-6, Reiley, Wm. 36-9, Harriman, 39-40, Elmendorf, A. 40-3, Cruik- 
shank, J. C. 43-50, Lippincott, 50-66, Harris, 67-78, Lockwood, L. J. 
79-81, Wyckoff, D. B. 81-7, Searle, S. T. 87-96, Von Schlieder, A. 1896- 
1903. Vyverberg, H. J. 1904-1911, Durfee, J. F. 1913-1920, French, L. H. 

1920 . "Col. Docs., N.Y." ii. 592, Centennial, in "Ch. Int.," July 10, 

1901. 

Hurley, see Marbletown. 

Hyde Park, (Stoutsburgh), Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1792. Brower, C. 1794- 
1812, Wynkoop, P. S. 17-22, Vanderveer, F. H. 23-9, Cahoone, 29-33, 
Westfall, S. V. E. 34-7, Cruikshank, J. C. 37-43, Elm.endorf, A. 43-8, 
Ten Eyck, 48-53. Dater, 53-77, Garretson, G. R. 77-80, Blauvelt, C. R. 
80-3, Kavanaugh, 83-4, Shaw, J. F. 86-93, Harris, J. F. 93-8, Gaston, 
Jos. 1898-1899, Hamlin, H. F. 1901-1907, Ficken, H. C. 1907-1917, Clapp, 

E. (S.S.) 1917-1918. Randolph. E. T. F. 1919 

Hyde Park. East Orange, N.J., 1904. Fisher, Orville E. 1905-1907, Pullan, 

F. B. 1908-1914, Stube. C. F. 1914-1915, Dykema, James, 1915-19, Hal- 
lenbeck, C. A. 1920-21, Bishop. E. H. 1922 

Ilion. Herkimer Co., N.Y., 1862. Petrie, 63-8. Became Presbyterian. 

Immanuel. Perkins. Springfield. Bonhomme Co.. S.D., 1888. Zwemer, F. J, 
88-9, again, 91-2. Harmeling, S. J. 93-4, Classical missionary, 94-8, 
Heemstra. 98-9, Stegeman, W. 1900-1904, Schipper, H. 1905-1909, Stege- 
man, Mannes A. 10,10-1914. Tietema, J. H. 1914-1919, Brink, J. W. 
1919 

Immanuel. 1884. Belmond, see Emmanuel, la. 

Immanuel. see Chicago, 111. 

Immanuel Mission, see Chicago, 111. 

Immanuel, see Grand Rapid, Mich. 

Immanuel, see Roseland, 111. 

Immanuel, see Seattle, Wash. 

Immanuel. see Willow Lakes. S.D. 

Immanuel, see Emmanuel. 

India — Mission Field. 

I. Ceylon, at Pandeteripo, 1819. Rev. John Scudder, M.D. 1819-1838. 

Mrs. John Scudder 1819-1839. 

II. Madras. 1839. Rev. John Scudder, M.D. 1839-1842, again 1848-1853. 

Mrs. John Scudder 1839-1842, again 1848-1853. 
Madura. 1846. Rev. John Scudder. M.D. 1846-1848. Mrs. John Scud- 
der 1846-1848. Rev. H. M. Scudder 1851-1853. Mrs. Fanny 
(Lewis) Scudder 1851-1853. Rev. W. W. Scudder 1852-1853. Mrs. 
Elizabeth O. (Knight) Scudder 1852-1853. Rev. Joseph Scudder 
1853. Mrs. Sarah A. (Chamberlain) Scudder 1853. 

III. Indian Archipelago. 
I. Borneo. 1840-1849. Karangan. Pontianak. Sambas. 



2. Java, 1 830- 1 842. 

3. Siam, 1831-1841. 



MISSIONARIES. 



. Appointed. Retired. 

Rev. David Abeel 1829 1842* 

Rev. Ehhu Doty 1836 1844* 



648 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



1836 


1844* 


i«36 


1843 


1836 


1843 


1836 


1849 


1836 


1849 


1836 


1839 


1836 


1840 


1836 


1840 


1838 


1844* 


1838 


1844* 


1838 


i847t 


1838 


i839t 


1840 


i844t 


1840 


1842 


1840 


1842 


1840 
1842 


i842t 
1849 



Mrs. Elihu Doty 

Rev. Elbert Nevius 

Mrs. Elbert Nevius 

Rev. William Youngblood 

Mrs. William Bloodgood 

Miss Azubah C. Condict 

Rev. Jacob Ennis 

Mrs. (Haines) Ennis 

Rev. William J. Pohlman 

Mrs. Theodosia R. (Scudder) Pohlman 

Rev. Frederic B. Thomson 

Mrs. (Wyckoff) Thomson 

Mrs. Emma Cecilia (Combe) Thomson 

Rev. Wm. Theodore Van Doren 

Mrs. Wm. T. Van Doren 

Rev. Isaac P. Stryker 

Rev. William H. Steele 

♦Went to China. fDied. 

See "Anderson's Hist. Missions of A.B.C.F.M. in India," pp. 236-240; 
also index under the words, Ceylon, East India Co., India, Southern, and 
Scudder, and Part One, Chapter on Foreign Missions of this work. 

IV. Arcot. 

This mission wSs organized in 1853. Its area is about the size of the 
State of New Jersey, with a population according to the census of 
1910 of 2,700,000. Tamil is the general language of the North and 
South Arcot Districts ; Telugu is the general language of the Chit- 
toor District and the contiguous portions of the Mysore State. 

A list of the churches in chronological order is printed in the 1902 
edition of the Manual, pp. 974-976. Since the transfer of the Classis 
of Arcot to the Synod of the South India United Church in 1902 
these churches no longer constitute a part of the Reformed Church. 

The stations in which missionaries of the Reformed Church in Amer- 
ica reside and the dates of their opening are as follows : 

Ranipettai 1853 

Chittoor 1853 

Vellore 1853 

Arni 1853 

Coonoor 1857 

Palmaner 1859 

Madanapalle 1863 

Tindivanam 1875 

Punganur 1908 

Katpadi 1912 

MISSIONARIES OF THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA TO 
THE ARCOT MISSION, INDIA. 



Rev. Henry Martyn Scudder, M.D., D.D. 

Mrs. Fanny (Lewis) Scudder 

Rev. William W. Scudder, D.D 

Mrs. Elizabeth O. (Knight) Scudder 

Mrs. Frances Ann (Rousseau) Scudder . . 

Miss Harriet Scudder 

Rev. Joseph Scudder 



Joined 


Retired 


the 


from the 


Mission. 


Mission. 


1851 


1864 


185 1 


1864 


1852 


1895* 


1852 


1854* 


1858 


1895 


1854 


1856 


1853 


i860 



THE CHURCHES 



649 



Mrs. Sarah A. (Chamberlain) Scudder 1853 i860 

Rev. Jared W. Scudder, M.D., D.D 1855 IQIO* 

Mrs. JuHa C. (Goodwin) Scudder i855 I9I3 

Rev. Ezekiel C. Scudder, M.D., D.D 1855 1876 

Mrs. Sarah R. (Tracy) Scudder 1855 i»70 

Miss Louisa Scudder i855 i»Di 

Rev. Joseph Mayou ^85» i»70 

Mrs. Margaret (Shultz) Mayou i»5» i»70 

Rev. Jacob Chamberlain, M.D., D.D., LL.D 1859 I908* 

Mrs. Charlotte C. (Birge) Chamberlain i»59 I9i5 

Rev. Silas D. Scudder, M.D i860 1874* 

Mrs. Marianne (Conover) Scudder i860 i«74 

Rev. John Scudder, M.D., D.D 1861 1900* 

Mrs. Sophia (Weld) Scudder 1861 

Miss Martha T. Mandeville 1869 i»»i 

Miss Josephine Chapin 1869 i»74 

Rev. Enne J. Heeren 1872 1877 

Mrs. Aleida M. (Vennema) Heeren 1872 i877 

Rev. John H. Wyckoff, D.D. (1874-1886) 1892 I9i5* 

Mrs. Emmeline J. L. (Bonney) Wyckoff 1876 1886* 

Mrs. Gertrude E. (Chandler) Wyckoff 1892 1918* 

Henry Martyn Scudder, Jr., M.D 1876 i»»3 

Mrs. Bessie M. (Scudder) Scudder 1876 1882 

Miss Julia C. Scudder i879 

Rev. John W. Conklin 1881 1891 

Mrs. Jane Elizabeth (Lindsley) Conklin 1881 1891 

Rev. Lambertus Hekhuis, M.D 1881 i8«a 

Rev. Ezekiel C. Scudder, Jr. (1882-1901) 1904 I9i9* 

Mrs. Minnie E. (Pitcher) Scudder 1882 1883 

Mrs. Mabel (Jones) Sc^idder (1889-1901) 1904 1918 

Miss M. Kitty Scudder 1884 I9I5 

Rev. William I. Chamberlain 1887 1900 

Mrs. Mary E. ( Anable) Chamberlain 1891 1900 

Rev. Lewis R. Scudder, M.D., D.D 1888 

Mrs. Ethel T. (Fisher) Scudder 1888 

Miss Ida S. Scudder, M.D. ( 1890-94) 1899 

Rev. Henry J. Scudder (1890-94) 1897 

Mrs. Margaret (Booraem) Scudder 1897 

Rev. Lewis B. Chamberlain 1891 I9i5 

Mrs. Julia (Anable) Chamberlain 1897 I9IS 

Miss Lizzie von Bergen i893 1901 

Rev. James A. Beattie i893 I9i5* 

Mrs. Margaret (Dall) Beattie 1893 1921 

Miss Louisa H. Hart, M.D 1895 

Rev. Henry Huizinga 1896 1899 

Mrs. Susan (Antvelink) Huizinga 1896 1899 

Rev. Wm. H. Farrar i897 

Mrs. Elizabeth (Walther) Farrar 1897 

Rev. Walter T. Scudder i899 

Mrs. Ellen (Bartholomew) Scudder, M.D 1899 

Miss Annie E. Hancock 1899 

Miss Alice B. Van Doren 1903 

Miss Lillian M. Hart I904 1907 

Mr. Arthur C. Cole 1905 I9i5 

Mrs. Anna M. (Paddock) Cole 1905 I9i5 

Miss Henrietta Wynckoop Drury 1906 

Rev. Henry Honcgger 1907 1914" 

Mrs. Lavina M. (DuMond) Honegger 1910 

Miss Lilv Stanes I9C7 1909 



650 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 



Miss Margaret N. Levick, M. D 

Rev. Bernard Rottschafer 

Mrs. Bernice M. (Takken) Rottschafer 

Miss Margaret Rottschafer 

Miss Sarella TeWinkel 

Miss Josephine V. TeWinkel 

Bert W. Roy, M.D 

Mrs. Nellie (Benyerl) Roy 

Rev. John R. Duffield 

Mrs. Litta (Campbell) Duffield 

Rev. Joseph Sizoo 

Mrs. Dorothy A. (Scheirer) Sizoo 

Rev. John H. Warnshuis 

Mrs. Lillian (Cook) Warnshuis, M.D. . 

Mr. Francis Marmaduke Potter 

Mrs. Elsie (Burroughs) Potter 

Miss Hilda M. Pollard, M.D 

Mr. John D. Muyskens 

Mr. Mason Olcott 

Rev. Charles F. Stube 

Miss Charlotte C. Wyckoff 

Miss Elisabeth W. Conklin 

Rev. Lambertus Hekhuis 

Mrs. Jennie (Immink) Hekhuis 

Rev. Herbert E. Van Vranken 

Mrs. Nellie (Smallegan) Van Vranken . 

Rev. John C. VanWyk 

Mrs. Amelia (Menning) Van Wyk .... 

Miss Wilhelmina Noordyk 

Mr. Cornelius R. Wierenga 

Miss Clara M. Coburn 

Galen Fisher Scudder, M.D 

Miss Ruth Lawsing Scudder 

Miss Maude Sophia Scudder 

Rev. Knud Lange 

Mrs. Henrietta W. (Drury) Lange 

Rev. James H. Potter 

Mrs. Helen (Beardslee) Potter 

Mr. Irwin J. Lubbers 

Rev. John G. Gebhard, Jr 

Mrs. Helen (Fairchild) Gebhard 

Miss Matilda L. Berg 

Mr. John DeValois 

Mrs. Henrietta (Hofland) DeValois . . . 

Miss Alice E. Smallegan 

Mr. Chris Dejonge 

Mr. Garrett Vander Borgh 

Mr. Martin DeWolf 



1908 


I9IO 


1909 




I9I0 




1909 




1909 




1909 
1909 
1909 


I9I8 
I9I8 


I9IO 


I9I3 


I9IO 


I9I2 


I9IO 


I9II 


I9I0 


IQII* 


I9I3 




I9I3 




I9I3 


1917 


I9I5 
I9I3 


1917 
1916 


I9I5 


1919 


I9I5 


1917 


I9IS 


1917 


I9I5 




I9IS 

I9I6 
I9I6 




I9I7 




I9I7 




I9I7 


1919 


I9I7 


1919 


I9I7 




I9I7 
I9I8 


1920 


I9I9 




I9I9 




I9I9 




I9I9 


1922 


I9I9 


1922 


I9I9 




I9I9 




I9I9 




I9I9 




I9I9 




I9I9 




1920 




1920 




1920 




1920 




1920 




I92I 





*Died. 

Indianapolis, Ind., 191 1. Supplies. Laman, A. T. 1912-1914, Pettersson, 
H. M. 1914-1916. Supplies. Meulendyke, J. (S.S.) 1919-21. 

Indian Castle, (Danube), Herkimer Co., N.Y., 1769. Supplied by neigh- 
boring pastors. Ketchum, Miss, to, 1823. 

Indian Castle, Herkimer Co., N.Y., 1861. Stanbrough, 1861-76. See Dailey 
Hist, of Montgomery Classis, 121. 

Indians, American, Miss, to, Megapolensis, J. 1642-9, Freeman, 1700-5, 
Lydius, 1702-9, (Barclay, Epis., 1709-10), Dellius, 1683-99. "Ecc. Rec. 
N.Y.," many allusions; "Anderson's Hist. Col. Church," 3 vols. "Doc. 



THE CHURCHES 65I 

Hist. N.Y." i. 269; iii. 19, 20, 538, 540, 541, 551-2, 561-2, 566, 613- 
621, 628, 697. See also Oklahoma; Colony; Columbian Memorial 
church, and Fort Sill Apache Mission. 

Ingham's Mills, see Manheim. 

[nterlaken, Seneca Co., N.Y., 1830. (Until about 1906 Farmer Village). 
Gregory, O. H. 1831-8, Bassler, 1838-66, Brush, W. W. 1866-8, Zabris- 
kie, A. A. 1868-9, Forsyth, J. C. 1870-75, Furbeck, P. 1875-81, Nash- 
olds, 1882-87, Palmer, F. W. 1888-93, Van Arsdale, E. B. 1893-1916, 

Seibert, George G. 1916-21, Van Wagenen, R. D. 1922 . See Dailey 

Hist. Montgomery Classis, 59. 

Inwood, la., 1912. Classical Missionary, 1912. Niehaus, H. H. 1913-14, 
Muilenburg, H. S. 1916 

Inwood, N.Y., see Far Rockaway, N.Y. 

Ireton, la., 1913. Stegeman, Wm. 1915-1919, Reinhart, H. E. 1920 

Irving Park, 1874, see Chicago, 111. 

Irvington, (Clintonville, Camptown), Essex Co., N.J., 1840. Staats, J. A. 
40-1, Chapman, J. L. 42-9, Bruen, J. M. 50-2, Taylor, A. B. 52-5, 
McKelvey, A. 58-60, Vehslage, 61-94, Chrestensen, 94-6, Wyckoff, 
C. E. 96-1901, Lawrence, C. L. 1902-1903, McClinchie, Uriah 1904-1919, 
Leggett, L. G. 1919 . See Christian Intelligence, Feb. 14, 1900. 

Irvington, Second, N.J., 1916. Moore, George, Jr. 1917-1920, Condit, C. B. 
1920 

Italian, Beacon, N.Y., see Beacon. 

Italian, Hackensack, see Hackensack. 

Italian, Kensington, see Chicago. 

Italian, Mt .Olivet, see Newark. 

Italian, see Newburgh, N.Y. 

Italian, see Englewood, N.J. 

Italian, see Weehawken, N.J. 

Itamarca, 1635, see Brazil, S.A. 

Ithaca, Tompkins Co.,"N.Y., 1830. Mann, 31-7, Hoes, 37-45, Henry, 46-9, 
Bulkley, 51-2, Elmendorf, J. 53-S, Schenck, J. W. 55-63, Zabnskie, 
F. N. 64-6, Strong, T. C. 66-71. (Became Congregational, 1872. See 
Christian Intelligencer, Sept. 3, 1902. 

Jackson, Washington Co., N.Y., 1833. Stewart, J. W. 34-6, Pitcher, W. 

37-9, Quick, J. J. 40-43, Pitcher, J. H. 43-52. See Biog. and Gen. Rec. 

N.Y., Buskirk. 
Jamaica, 1702, see N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 
Jamaica, (St. Paul's), 1876, see N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 
Jamestown, Forest Grove, Hudsonville, Ottawa Co., Mich., 1869. Vander- 

meulen, John, 75-85, Wormser, Wm. 87-9, John, C. C. A. 91-2, Lammers, 

1892-1903, Cheff, P. P. 1905-1910, Broekstra, M. E. 1911-1914, Boer, 

Nicholas 1916-1918, Vander Linden, G. 1919 ■ 

Jamestown, 2nd, 1889. Poppen, 94-5, Schilstra, E. S. 1896-1900, Boer, N. 

1900-1903, Steuenberg, Jolin 1904-1907, Dykhuizen, H. 1907-1910, Van 

Westenburg, J. 1911-1913, Hankamp, G. 1913-21, Van Zomeren, J. 

1 92 1 -2, Walvoord, Wm. 1922 

' Jamesville, Onondaga Co., N.Y., 1833. Evans, E. 1836, Amerman, T, A. 

1839-40. 
Japan. Mission Field. 

The Japan Mission was begun in 1859. In 1889 the Nagasaki Station was 
made an independent Mission, to be known as "The South Japan Mission," 
the other stations became known as "The North Japan Mission." In 1917 
the two missions were reunited as one organization . Some of the most 
northern stations were transferred in 1917 to the Mission of the Reformed 
Church in the United States. Most of the work of the Mission now is in 
the .southern part of the country on the Island of Kyushiu. 

On October 3d, 1877, the missionaries and Japanese ministers of the 
Reformed Church united with the ministers of the Missions of the American 



652 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Presbyterian, and the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland and consti- 
tuted "The United Church of Christ in Japan." As the work of these 
missions resuUs in self supporting churches, these are transferred to this 
Japanese Church, and it is therefore impossible to give any list of churches 
or ministers, as, with the exception of some preaching stations, they do not 
belong distinctively to the Reformed Church Mission. 

The stations in which the missionaries of the Reformed Church in Amer- 
ica reside, and the dates of their opening and in some cases of their closing, 
are as follows :■ — 

Kanagawa (Now Nagasaki) 1859 

Nagasaki 1859 

Yokohama 1863 

Tokyo 1869 

Niigata 1869-1870 

Uyeda 1876-1917 

Morioka 1888-1917 

Aomori 1894-1917 

Kagoshima 1893 

Saga 1895 

Nagano 1897-1917 

Kumamoto 1901-1904 

Oita 1910 

Matsumoto 1912-1917 

Shimonoseki . . . r 1914 

Fukuoka 1915 

Kurume 1915 

JAPAN MISSION 

Went Out Retired 

Rev. S. R. Brown, D.D 1859 1879* 

Mrs. S. R. Brown 1859 1879 

Rev. G. F. Verbeck 1859 1898* 

Mrs. Maria (Manion) Verbeck 1859 1898 

D. B. Simmons, M.D 1859 i860 

Mrs. D. B. Simmons 1859 i860 

Rev. James H. Ballagh, D.D 1861 1920* 

Mrs. Margaret (Kinnear) Ballagh 1861 1909* 

Rev. Henry Stout 1869 1905* 

Mrs. Elizabeth ( Provost) Stout 1869 1902* 

Rev. C. H. H. Wolff 1871 1876 

Mrs. L. (Buboc) Wolflf 1871 1876 

Mrs. S. K. M. Hequembourg 1872 1874 

Miss Emma C. Witbeck 1874 1882 

Rev. E. Rothesay Miller 1875 1915* 

Mrs. Mary E. (Kidder) Miller 1869 1910* 

Rev. J. L. Amerman, D.D 1876 1893 

Mrs. Rebecca (Ely) Amerman 1876 1893 

Miss E. F. Farrington 1878 1879 

Miss M. J. Farrington 1878 1879 

Miss Harriet L. Winn 1878 1887 

Rev. Eugene S. Booth, D.D 1879 

Mrs. Emilie ( Stelle) Booth 1879 1917* 

Mrs. Florence (Dick) Booth (1912-1915) 1919 

Miss Carrie Ballagh 1881 1885 

Prof. Martin N. Wyckoff , ScD 1881 191 1* 

Mrs. Anna (Baird) Wyckoff 1881 1920* 

Miss M. Leila Winn 1882 1920 

Rev. N. H. Demarest ( 1883-1890) 1912 1914 



THE CHURCHES 



653 



Mrs. Annie (Strong) Demarest 

Rev. Howard Harris 

Mrs. Lizzie B. (Disbrow) Harris 

Miss Mary E. Brokaw 

Miss C. B. Richards 

Rev. Albert Oltmans 

Mrs. Alice (Voorhoorst) Oltmans 

Miss Anna DeF. Thompson 

Miss Rebecca L. Irvine 

Rev. H. V .S. Peeke, D.D. (1888-1892) 

Mrs. Vesta (Greer) Peeke 

Miss Mary Deyo 

Miss Julia Moulton 

Miss Carrie B. Lanterman 

Rev. Albertus Pieters 

Mrs. Emma (Kollen) Pieters 

Miss S. M. Couch 

Miss Harriet M. Lansing 

Miss Martha E. Duryea 

Mr. A. A. Davis 

Rev. Jacob Poppen, Ph.D 

Mrs. Anna (Van Zwaluwenburg) Poppen . . . 

Miss Anna K. Stryker 

Rev. Frank S. Scudder 

Mrs. Florence (Schenck) Scudder 

Mrs. J. DuMont Schenck 

Miss Harriet J. Wyckoff 

Miss Anna B. Stout (1891-1895) 

Rev. Charles M. Myers 

Rev. Garret Hondelink 

Mrs. Grace (Hoekje)' Hondelink 

Miss Grace Thomasma 

Miss Jennie A. Pieters 

Rev. Douwe C. Ruigh (From Amoy) 

Mrs. Christine (Carst) Ruigh (From Amoy) 

Mr. Anthony Walvoord 

Mrs. Edith (Walvoord) Walvoord 

Miss Jennie M. Kuyper 

Walter E. Hoffsommer, Ph.D 

Mrs. Grace (Posey) Hoffsommer 

Rev. Willis G. Hoekje 

Mrs. Annie (Hail) Hoekje 

Miss Jennie Buys 

Rev. Hubert Kuyper 

Miss Jeane Noordhoff 

Rev. David Van Strien 

Mrs. Eleanor (Orbison) Van Strien 

Mrs. Lillian (Orbison) Van Strien 

Rev. Luman J. Shafer 

Mrs. Amy (Hendricks) Shafer 

Miss May Baldwin Demarest (1912-1914) .. 

Rev. Stephen W. Ryder 

Mrs. Reba (Snapp) Ryder 

Miss Hendrine E. Hospers 

Miss Evelyn F. Oltmans 

Miss Janet Oltmans 

Rev. Alex. Van Bronkhorst 

Mrs. Helena (DeMaagd) Van Bronkhorst .. 
Rev. Henry V. E. Stegeman 



1883 


1890 


1884 


1905 


1884 


1905 


1884 


1899 


1884 


1885 


1886 




1886 




1887 


I9I3 


1887 


i«93 


1893 




1893 




1888 


1905 


1888 




1890 


1892* 


1891 




I89I 




1892 




1893 




1893 


1897 


1896 


1898 


1896 


1898 


1896 


1898 


1897 


1900 


1897 


1907 


1897 


1906* 


1897 


1902 


1898 


1905 


1898 


190S 


1899 


1904 


1903 


1908 


1903 


1908 


1904 


1912 


1904 




1905 




1905 




1905 


1919* 


1905 


1919 


1905 




1907 


1920 


1907 


1920 


1907 




I9I2 




1909 


1914 


I9II 




I9II 




I9I2 


1920 


I9I2 


1913* 


I9I7 


1920 


I9I2 




I9I2 




I9I8 




I9I3 




I9I4 




I9I3 




I9I4 




I9I4 




I9I6 




I9I6 




I9I7 





654 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Mrs. Gertrude (Hoekje) Stegeman 1917 

Miss Anna M. Fleming 1918 

Mr. A. L. Harvey 1920 1921 

Miss Edith V. Teets 1921 

Miss J. Gertrude Pieters 1921 

Mr. George W. Lang 1921 

Java, see India. 

Jay Gould Memorial, 1893, see Roxbury, N.Y. 

Jefferson, Hillsdale Co., Mich., 1851. Heermance, Har. 1851-7, Evans, Chs. 

A. 1857-8, Vermilye, D. 1863-6. 
Jeffersonville, Sullivan Co., N.Y., 1852. Wolf, 1853-4, Hones, 1854-8, 

Riedel, 1858-61, Boehrer, 1862-6. 
Jeniks, (CI. of Albany), 1794. "M. G. S." i. p. 256, mentioned. 
Jenison, see Allendale, Mich. ist. 
Jericho, L.I., 1874. Supplied by Talmage, D. June-Sept. 1876, DeVries, 

1876-7. United with Oyster Bay. 
Jermain Memorial, see West Troy, South. 

Jersey City, Hudson Co., N.J., churches in : 

1. Bergen, (Bergen Av.) 1660; supplied by ministers from New York, 

S.I. and L.I. 1662-1749; (DeWint, 1749-51), Jackson, W. 1757-89, 
Cornelison, 1793-1828, Taylor B. C. 28-81. Associate pastors, 
Amerman, 71-6, Brett, C. 1876-1881, pastor 1881-1918, E.P. 
1918-22, Soper, W. P. 1918-21, Kittell, J. S. 1922 . Assist- 
ants, Strong, W. V. D. 1902-1906, Moment, J. J. 1908-1911, Dur- 
yee, Abram 1911-1917, LeFevre, DuBois 1917-1919. See "Tay- 
lor's Annals CI. Bergen" ; "Taylor's Disc, at 200th Anniv." ; 
"Manual of Ch. of Bergen" ; "Hon. Chs. Winfield's Hist. Hud- 
son Co.," containing marriage and baptismal records of Bergen 
Church. 

2. Bayonne ist, 1829, (formerly Bergen Neck). Boice, I. C. 29-44, 

Romeyn, J. 44-50, Dutcher, 50-4, Stillwell, 54-64, Wells, T. W. 
65-73, Stitt, C. H. 74-80, Knox, W. W. 81-93, Jones, C. H. 94-9, 
Boocock, W. H. 1899-1909, Bayles, T. F. 1910-1915, Pfanstiehl, 
A. A. (S.S.) 1916-1917, Augustine, R. H. M. 1917-1919, Van 
Raalte, A. C. 1919 . See "Taylor's Annals." 

3. Jersey City ist. (Presbyt. 1825-30). 1830, (Grand St.) Ostran- 

der, S., Miss, to, 22, Meeker, May-Oct. 30, Talmage, J. R. 30-3, 
Lusk, 33-48, Yates, J. A. called, 1849, died; Lord, D. 50-1; sup- 
plied by Henry, 51, McClure, A. 52-5, Riddle, D. H. 57-62. Scud- 
der, H. M. 64-5, Peeke, G. 65-9, Halloway, W. 71-6, (S.S. Wes- 
terfield, 1877-86, united with First Reformed Church of Van 
Voorst, First Van Vorst). 

At a meeting of the Classis of Bergen Ap. 28, 1807, Revs. Cor- 
nelison and Stryker presented that the inhabitants of the City of 
Jersey, formerly Paulus Hook, were desirous of a church; and 
that the Associates of the Jersey Co. offered to give land on the 
south side of Grand st. if they will erect a church 50 ft. sq. within 
two years. The Classis appointed Revs. Cornelison and Stryker 
to organize a church and in said city, &c., and supplies were ap- 
pointed. — But in April, 1808. the Committee reported that it was 
impracticable, owing to a lack of a sufficient number of members 
in the vicinity. The Associate Co. offered to prolong the time 
and give $250 a year toward the support of a minister there. 

4. First Reformed Church of Van Vorst. (Known as Jersey City 

2d, later, Wayne St.), 1846. Taylor, W. J. R. 1846-9, Van Cleef, 
P. D. 1849-1896, P.Em. 1896-1902, Wick, 1890-1899, Brown, J. A. 
1899-1905, Shield, F. K. 1906-1908, Meyer, A. J. 1909-1914, 



THE CHURCHES 655 

Maines, W. S. 1914-15, Hart, W. R. 1916 . In 1886 First Van 

Vorst absorbed Jersey City ist; in 1909, Jersey City Free (Grand 
Street). 

5. Jersey City 3d, also called Park (Hamilton Square), 1852. Ostran- 

der, S., Miss, to Harsimus, 22, Taylor, W. J. R. 52-4, Strong, 
J. P. 54-6, Selden, 57, Wells, C. L. 58-62, Berry, J. R. 63-8, Suy- 
dam, 68-90, Griffin, W. T. 91-2, Morgan, 1892-1903, Stofflet, J. 
P. 1904-1912, Weidner, D. C. 1913-1915, Blue, J. H. 1916-1917, 
Terhune, C. A. 1919 . See Ch. Int., Oct. 29, 1902. 

6. Hudson City, 1853. Lloyd, A., Miss, to, 53-5, King, F. L. 55-7. 

7. Bergen Point, (Bayonne 2d), 1854. Butcher, 54-7, Parker, Chas. 

57-60, Jones, H. W. F. 60-84, P.Em. 84-1915, Riggs, J. F. 84-92, 
Inglis, T. E. 92-7, Krom, A. E. 1898-1901. United with the First 
Presbyterian Church of Bayonne to form the Fifth St. Reformed 
Church, Bayonne, 1901. 

8. Jersey City, 4th (Ger.), 1856. Doeppenschmidt, 1856-64, Meyer, 

Karl, Miss, to, 1864-6. 

9. Hudson City 2nd (Ger.), Hudson Av. 1859. Doeppenschmidt, 64- 

85, Girtanner, 78-82, Meury, E. A. 1883-1911, Bender, A. F. 1913, 
March-Oct. Again 1914. Assistant, Mager, Wm. 1904. 

10. La Fayette, Communipaw Av., 1863. Duryee, W. R. 1864-91, Kom- 

mers, 1891-1903, Hogan, J. S. 1903-1912, Herge, Chas. 1912- 
1915. Noble, H. W. 1916— — 

11. West End, Marion, 1868. Shaw, A., Miss, to, 69-72, Van Doren, 

W. H. 71-8. 

12. Greenville. Ocean Av., 1871. Young, A. H. 73-81, Pockman, 81-6, 

Bruce, W. P. 87-95, Allen, C. J. 96-1900, Mohn, O. L. F. 1902- 
1903, Eggleston, G. H. 1904-1907, Morris, R. C. 1908-1910, Duck, 

E. M. 1911 

13. Jersey City, Free, 1872. On ist street until 1889. On Grand 

street, 1889. Hence called Grand street. Shaw, Alex 1867-72, 
Park, A. J. 73-8, Mattice, H. 79-88, Zabriskie, A. A. 87-91, 
Clist, 91-5, Cussler, 96-1901, Stofflet, J. P. 1901-1904, Meyer, A. 
J. 1904-1909. This church united with Van Vorst, ist, January 

2"], 1909. 

14. Bayonne 3rd, (Ger.), 1872. Elterich, 75-80, Klein, C. F. A. (S.S.) 

82-5, Andrea;, (S.S.) 86-92, Muller, M. 94-7, Franzen, 1898-1903, 
Schulz, H. W. J. 1904-1909, Franzen, H. L. 191 1 

15. Jersey City, Central Ave., (Bowers St.). (Jersey City Heights), 

1872. Wolfe, G. L. 73-4, Matthews, A. 75, Griffin, W. T. 78-81, 
Handy, 81-3, Wright, C. S. 1883-1909, Pelgrim, J. C. 1909-1916, 
Murphy, J. A. 1916-21. 
j6. South Bergen, 1874. Brokaw, I. P. 74-9. Cox, H. M. 79-82, 
Vaughan, Wm. 83-8, Grant, W. D. 89-96. — Church united with the 
Congregational Church of Jersey City. 

17. German Evangelical ist (Mercer st.), 1882. Staehli, 83-91, Muller, 

M. 93-4, Fisher (or Fiecke) Julius, 95, Heiniger, 96-1900, Nickse, 
Louis, 1901-1902, Mueller, Matthew 1902-1910, Mueller, G. C. 
1910-19, Hahn, G. F. 1919 

18. St. Johns, Evangelical, (Ger.), Fairview Av., 1883. Andreae, 

1883 . Asst., Andrea;, M. C. T. 1915-18. See "Taylor's 

Annals of Classis of Bergen" ; and "Van Cleef 's Anniversary 
Sermons" ; and "Winfield's History of Hudson Co., N.J." 

19. Bayonne, 5th Street, 1902. Formed by the union of the ist Pres- 
. byterian Church of Bayonne and the Bergen Point Reformed 

(Bayonne 2d), 1901. Jones, H. W. F. E.Em. 1901-1915, Wilson, 

F. S. 1902-1920, Muste, C. B. 1921 . 

20. Faith, Jersey City, N.J., Bayview Ave., 1909. Hunter, James B. 

1909 



656 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

21. West Side, Duncan Ave. and Apollo Place, Jersey City, N.J., 1912. 
Heinrichs, J. H. 1914-1916, Luther, M. F. 1917-1918. 

Jerusalem, (Feura Bush), Albany Co., N.Y., 1791. Van Huysen, 1793- 
1824, Kissam, 28-41, Van Santvoord, S. 45-57, Compton, 54-60, Gulick 
A. V. 60-5, Millspaugh, 66-72, Vedder, E. 73-85, Scarlett, J. H. 85-93, 
Beekman, T. A. 93-1902, Lehman, F. V. W. 1902-1907, Gulick, G. W. 
1908-1909, Ballard, Bruce, 1910-1913, Hageman, T. A. 1913-1917, Mil- 
lett, J. 1917 . This church divided in 1825 into the chs. of Jerusa- 
lem and Union. See Union, also Onesquethaw. 

Jicarilla Mission, Dulce, N.M. 

Johnsborough, (Johnburgh?), Warren Co., N.Y., 1819. Centre, Miss, to, 
1823 See Dailey Hist. Montgomery CI., 122. 

Johnstown, Montgomery Co., N.Y. (Western allotment of Kingsborough, 
see Caughnawaga), 18 16. Amerman, 17-21, Van Vechten, L 23-4, 

Van Olinda, Miss, to, 24, Stryker, H. B., Miss, to, 30 . Dropped 

1835. "Doc. Hist." iii. 686, 696. Dailey Hist. Montgomery CI., 122. 

Johnstown, Secession, 1822. Independent. Amerman, A. 21-43, Westervelt, 
J. P. 45-55- Disbanded. See Dailey Hist. Montgomery CI., 13. 

Johnstown, Columbia Co., N.Y., see Linlithgo. 

Johnstown, Fulton Co., N.Y., 1894. Van Burk, 1894-1902, Bedford, C. V. 

W. 1902-1909, Beekman, P. S. 1909-1920, Stanton, R. A. 1920 . See 

Dailey Hist. Montgomery CI. 62. 

Kaatsbaan, see Katsbaan, N.Y. 

Kagoshima, 1893, see Japan. 

Kakiat, now West New Hempsted and Clarkstown, N.Y. 

Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo Co., Mich. ; churches in : 

1. Kalamazoo, ist, 1851. Gardenier, 55, Klyn, 56-62, Vander Meulen, 

64-8, Kriekaard, 68-76, Te Winkle, 76-82, Dosker, N. H. 83-7. 
Kolyn, 88-93, Stapelkamp, 1894-1901, Pool, Wm. 1902-1911, Steu- 
nenberg, J. 1912-1918, Hollebrands, J. J. 1918 

2. Kalamazoo, 2nd, 1885, Vennema, A. 86-9, Streng, 90-2, Moerdyk, 

Wm. 92-4, Vander Meulen, John, 96-9, Blekkink, 1899-1905, Wa- 
termulder, G. 1905-1908, Hospers, H. 1909-1910, Muilenburg, 
T. W. 1911-1916, Van Peursem, J. 1918 

3. Kalamazoo, 3d, 1889. Duiker, R. 90-2, Strabbing, 92-6, Siegers, 

97-9, Warnshuis, J. W. 99-1901, Douwstra, H. 1902-1903, Frieling, 
H. 1903-1910, DeHaan, John 1910-1917, Wolvius, Wm. 1918 

4. Kalamazoo, 4th, 1892. John, C. C. A. L. 93-6, Luxen, 96-1900, 

Heines, 1900-1903, Hogenboom, S. M. 1903-1904, Troost, Evert, 
1904-1916, Kregel, J. H. 1917-1919. 

5. Bethany, 1905, Kalamazoo, Mich. Kooiker, G. 1905-1911, Vander 

Meulen, Jacob 1911-19, DeRoos, Frank, 1920-21. 

6. North Park St., 1909, Kalamazoo, Mich. Hondelink, G. 1909-1912, 

Bloemendal, Ralph 1914-1916, Vanden Berg, R. L 1916-1919, 
Meengs, R. D. 1920 

Kalamazoo, see Twin Lakes. 

Kamp, see Camp. 

Kampen, Westover, Somerset Co., Md., 1900. Dropped 1905. 

Kanagawa Station, 1859, see Japan. 

Karangan, see India. 

Karr Valley, Almond, Alleghany Co., N.Y., 1797. Gray, 1797-1819. 

Katpadi, see India. 

Katsbaan, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1710. Reorganized, 1921. (See Camp, West 
Camp, Kaatsbaan and Caatsban, and Saugerties). Kocherthal, 1710- 
19, Haeger, J. F. 1710-21, Ehle, (Oehl), 1720-27, Falckner, Daniel F. 
1724-?, Berckenmeyer, W. C. 1721-9, Mancius, pastor, 1730-62, supplied 



THE CHURCHES 657 

by Schuneman, Wester lo and Doll, 1762-80, De Ronde, 1780-6, supplied 
by Schuneman and Doll, 1786-93, Van Vlierden, 1793-1804, Demarest, 
James D. 1808-9, Ostrandcr, H. 12-62, Collier, I. H. 62-4, Chapman. 
N. F. 64-73, Searle, Stephen, 73-85, Sebring, A. J. 1885-1916, Marcley, 

A. F. 1916-18, Van Deusen, R. J. (S.S.) 1921 

The colony of Palatines, which came to West Camp in Oct., 1710, imme- 
diately erected a house of worship there for the use of the colony, both 
of the Lutheran and Reformed faiths. Upon the release of the colonists 
in 1712 from their contract to the British Government, they began to seek 
out homes for themselves. There was some dispute to the title of the lands 
at West Camp. So the colonists took up farms a mile or two west at the 
Kats Baan, and here Mancius found most of them in 1730, and they were 
worshipping there. During the entire ministry of Mancius, of thirty-two 
years, the West Camp church seems to have been closed, and those of 
each faith united in religious services at Katsbaan. When Mancius died 
the Lutheran Church at West Camp was reorganized. 

Strictly speaking, the present Katsbaan Church was organized m 1839. 
It was first incorporated as the Church of Kaatsbaan, in the town of King- 
ston. In 1826 it was re-incorporated as the Church in the town of Sauger- 
ties, and had ecclesiastical oversight over Saugerties village, Plattekill, and 
Blue Mountain, where weekly or monthly services were maintained. In 
183 1 the present village of Saugerties was constituted and incorporated 
as the village of Ulster, and a determined and prolonged effort was made 
to get rid of the name of Saugerties for the locality. The elements that 
built up the manufacturing interests of the new village were not in sym- 
pathy with the genius of the Reformed Church. When early efforts were 
made for a church at Saugerties the Dutch element in the village refused to 
join, and the application was not granted. These efforts continued until 
1839, when, to heal the rising feeling over such refusals, and to preserve 
the proposed organization to the Reformed Church, Katsbaan was pre- 
vailed upon to apply for, the new organization. This was granted, and the 
Dutch element about Saugerties was left in the old organization there, to 
prevent any such movement. 

The effort to have Saugerties called Ulster continued for twenty-four 
years, but failed, and the village of Ulster was re-incorporated as Sau- 
gerties in 1855. Thus the church of Saugerties is the old organization in 
law, while Katsbaan is such in history and in fact. See Brink's Early His- 
tory of Saugerties. 
Kattapali, 1869, see India. 
Kenosha, Kenosha Co., Wis., 1896. 
Kensington, Italian Mission, see Chicago. 

Kent St., Greenpoint, L.I., see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 
Keokuk, Lee Co., Iowa, 1863. Baay, Miss, to, 60-2, pastor. 62-5, dis- 
banded. 
Kerhonksen, (Middleport), Ulster Co., N.Y.. 1853. De Puy, 56, Jones. 
N. W. 56-60, Van Vleck, J. 62-4, Du Bois, J. 66-74, Crolius, 75-9, Dar- 
rach, 85-6, Van Oostenbrugge, 92-1900, Kip, F. M. (S.S.) 1902-1904. 
Seso, A. A. 1906-1911, Terwilliger, F. E. (S.S.) 1913-1916, Paxson, A. 

T. 1919 

Kewascum, Wis. (station). Mattice, Miss, to, 1862-4, Wilson, C. D., Miss. 

to, 64-7. 
Keyport, Monmouth Co., N.J., 1847. Chapman, N. F.. Miss, to, 48-9, 
Minor, Miss, to, 50-1, Searle, J., Miss, to, 51-3, Lockwood, 54-68, 
Zabriskie. A. A. 69-72, Mead, E. 73-90, Schock, 92-7, Greene, E. W. 
98-1900, Decker, F. 1901-1903, Van Woert, H. S. 1904-1909, Compton, 

W. E. 1910-1913, Reynolds, F. T. B. 1913 

Killduff, la., 1900. Classical Missionary, 1901-1904, Wiebenga, John 1904- 

1906, Vanden Berge, E. 1911-1915, Heneveld, G. G. 1916-1918. 
Killduff, see Galesburg. 



658 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Kinderhook, Columbia Co., N.Y., 1712. A preaching station of Albany, 
1700-12. Van Driessen, P. (S.S.) 1712-27, also Ehle, 1720-27, Van 
Driessen, J. 1727-35, Van Driessen, P. Van Schie, Frelinghuysen, T. 
S., supplies 1735-56, Frelinghuysen, F., called 1753, but died; Freyen- 
moet, 1756-77, Ritzema, (S.S.) 1778-88, Labagh, I. 1789-1799, Sickles, 
1800-1834, Van Aken, 1834-5, Heermance, H. 1835-7, Vandervoort, 
1837-42, Van Zandt, B. 1842-52, Bronson, 1854-7, Berry, J. R. 1857-63, 
Collier, Edward 1864-1907, Emeritus 1907-20; Burrowes, Chas. W. 1908- 
14, Ellis, A.M. 191 5-16, Vanderlaan, E. C. 1917-20, Robinson, Wm. L. 
1921 . See Collier's "Hallowed House." Doc. Hist. i. 243, iii. 538. 

Kinderhook, 2d, 1833. Cushing, 1833-4. Became the Presb. Ch. of Valatie. 

Kings, 111., see Elim. 

Kings Co.. L.I., 1654. A general name embracing the collegiate charges of 
Brooklyn, Flatlands, Bushwick, New Utrecht, Flatbush, and, at times, 
Gravesend. In 1808, the collegiate relation was partly dissolved. — 
"Doc. Hist." i. 426, 429; iii. 75, 87-116. "Smith's N.Y.," 316. "Strong's 
Flatbush." 

Kingsberg, probably an error for Kingsberry, N.Y. 

Kingsberry (Kingsbury?), Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1715. This place was prac- 
tically the same as East Camp and Germantown, although it was 
probably a couple of miles south of Germantown. "Doc. Hist., N.Y." 
iii. 413, 421; "Col. Docs. N.Y." v. 215, 515. In Oct., 1715, Haeger 
petitioned Gov. Hunter, and received permission to build a church 
(Episcopal) here, for the 60 palatine families. "N.Y. Col. MSS.," 
Ix. 41 . 

Kingsborough, Western allotment of, afterward Johnstown. Montgomery 
Co., N.Y. 

Kingston, Ulster Co., N.Y., churches in : 

1. Kingston, (Esopus), ist, 1659. Blom. 1660-7. Tesschenmaeker, 

(S.S.) 1675-6, again, Ap.-Sept., 1678, Van Gaasbeek, 1678-80, 
Weekstein, 168 1-7, Vandenbosch, 1687-9, Nucella, 1695- 1704, Beys, 
1706-8, Vas, 1710-56, Mancius, 1732-62, Meyer, H. 1762-72, Doll, 
1775-1808, Gosman. 1808-35, Lillie. 36-41, Van Wagenen, 41-4, 
Hoes, 45-67, Van Derveer, 67-76, Van Slyke, J. G. 1876-1909, 
Leeper, J. L. 191 1-20. 

Church incorporated, 17 19. English preaching began with Gos- 
man. — See "Ecc. Rec. N.Y." "Doc. Hist." iii. 51, 71, jy, 581-7, 
599. "Col. Hist." ii. 592. "Mag. R.D.C." i. 190; iii. 55. "Gor- 
don's Life of Ostrander." 45-53. 69. "Smith's N.Y.," 308. "Du 
Bois' Reunion." p. 47. Stitt's "Our New City" ; "Schoonmaker's 
Hist, of Kingston." Gov. Cornbury made an attempt to foist 
Rev. Mr. Hepburn (Episcopalian) on this church in 1704, but 
without success. See Ecc. Rec. N.Y. 

2. Kingston, (Ger.), 1770. Gross, 1773-83. See Dubbs, 258. 

3. Kingston 2d, Fair st., 1849. Smuller, 49-53, Du Bois, A. 54-9, Col- 

lier, Jos. 59-64, Stitt, 65-74. Demarest, Jas. (Jr.) 74-82, Noyes, 

83-94, Oakes, 94-8, Seeley, F. B. 1898 . See Hist. Sketch by 

M. Schoonmaker, 1879. 

4. Church of the Comforter, Wiltwick, 1863. As a Station, supplied 

by Fort, 54-59, by Shaw, W. A. 60-4 ; pastors : Shaw, 64-72, 
Westveer, 72-4, Talmage, Jas. R. 74-9, Shaw, W. A. (S.S.) 79-91, 
Winne, 1891-1902, Palmer, C. L. 1903-1914, Stowe. W. F. 
1914 . See Christian Intelligencer, June 10, 1903. 

Kiskatom, Catskill, Greene Co., N.Y. (In union with Leeds, 1833-42), 
1842. Van Liew, J. C. 1833-4. Hoff. 35-42, Lyall, 43-7, See. J. L. 47-50, 
Compton. 51-4, Eckel, 54-5, Case, 57-60. Rockwell. Chs. 60-8, See, W. 
G. E. 68-73, Deyo, 73-6, Van Fleet, 76-9, Van Neste, G. J. 79-87, Wil- 
liams, D. F. 87-8, Rhinehart, 89-91, Ward, W. D. 1893-1902, Appel, 



THE CHURCHES 659 

J. B. 1902-1904, Zabriskie, A. A. 1904-1906, Winne, J. E. 1907-1909, 
Lawsing, S. O. 1910-1917, Heinrichs, J. H. (S.S.) 1919-21. 

Kistigirene, another name, or an error, for Niskayuna, "M.G.S." i. 255. 

Kleinville, 1809, see Canada. 

Kleyn Esopus. now Esopus. 

Knapp Ave., see Grand Rapids. 

Knowlton. Warren Co., N.J. 1787 (?). Chitara, 1787-92, Wack, C. (S.S.) 
1792-1809, Wack, J. J., also (S.S.) 1798-1805. Reorganized as R.D.C., 
1814? (Presbyterian, Talmage, Jehiel, 1816-43). 

Knox, Albany Co., N.Y., 1841. Knieskern, 41-5, Lane, 57-60, Comfort, 
60-3. Vedder, 63-8, Ballagh, W. H. 68-77, Slocum, 79-83, Parsons, 85- 
93, Lockwood, H. 1894-1901. Van Ess, Jacob, 1902-1904, Kelder, E. 
1905-1908, Appel. J. B. (S.S.) 1909-1910, Davis, W. E. 1912-1915, 
supplied 1916-17. Federated with M.E. Church of Knox and supplied 
by M.E. pastors 1917-21. Read, G. O. 1921 

Knox, see Berne 2nd, and Beaverdam, N.Y. 

Knox Memorial, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Kolapakkam, see India. 

Kolongsoo, 1842, see China. 

Koster, St. Anne, Wichert, Kankagee Co., 111., 1893. Vandenbosch, T. 99- 
1900, Van der Werf, 1901-1903, Tanis, H. 1904-1905, Webinga, J. 1906- 
191 1, Pettersson, H. M. 1912-1914, Zandstra, F. 1915-1919. Name 
changed to Wichert, 1913, which see. 

Kottapalli, see India. 

Kreischersville. St. Peter's, 1881, see N.Y.C., Borough of Richmond. 

Kripplebush, 1876, see Lyonsville, N.Y. 

Krum, same as Hillsdale. 

Krumville, (Samsonville), Ulster Co., N.Y., 1851. Taylor, W. 51-2, Har- 
low, 52-8, Markle, 58-61, Deyo, 68-70, Deyo, 1876-93, supplied, 93-1903, 
Clist, C. L. (S.S.) 1903, vacant, 1903-1916, Beekman, T. A. 1916-1919, 
Braithwaite, T. S. 1920-21. 

Krumville, see Lyonsville. 

Kudipattur, 1866, see India. 

Kumamoto, 1901, see Japan. 

Kurume, 191 5, see Japan. 

Kuweit, see Arabia. 

Kyserike, N.Y., 1913-14, see Lyonsville. 

LaFayette, 1863, see Jersey City, N.J. 

LaFayette, Tippecanoe Co., Ind., 1888. Kriekaard, C. 88-92, Menning, 

93-4, Van der Werf, 95-7, Heines, 97-8, Lubbers, 99-1902, Vander Werf, 

A. 1903-1906, Bosch, G. 1908-1909, Swart, P. 1910-1912, Siegers, P. 

1913-1917, Althuis, J. J. 1917 

La Grace, Campbell Co., S.D., 1885. See Hope. 

La Grace, Campbell Co., S.D., 1886. See Van Raalte. 

Lake Shore, 1898. see Gelderland, Holland, Mich. 

Lake View, S.D., 1914. Classical Missionary, 1916 • 

Lakeville, same as Success, N.Y. 

Lament, Mich., 1915. Disbanded 1918. 

Lamsons, N.Y., 1855. See Dailey Hist, of Montgomery Classis, 136. 

Lansing, (station). Demarest, Jas. (Sr.) Miss, to, 1848. 

Lansing, Cook Co., 111., 1875. Lubeck, 83-5, Dunnewold. 87-94, Luxen, 

95-6, Swart, 1897-1904, Douwstra, G. W. 1904-1908, DeBey, D. J. 1909- 

1917, Duiker, W. J. 1918-1919, Braak, P. 1920 

Lansingburgh, Rensselaer Co., N.Y., 1774. Lupton, 1788-92. Called also 

Stone Arabia, but not to be confounded with the place now known by 

that name. Became extinct about 1800. Later a Presbyterian Ch. was 

organized. 
Laurel Hill. (Long Is. City), see N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 



66o THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Lawton, Okl., 1901, see Apache, Comanche, Fort Sill, Vermilye Memorial. 

Lawyersville, (New Rhinebeck), Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1788. Broffel, 1790- 
95, Bork, 1796-8, Paige and Van Nest (S.S.) 1798-1803, Labagh, I. 
1803-11, 13-14, Jones, N. 16-21, Labagh, I. 22-6, Raymond, 29-32, 
Bassler, 33-8, Waring, 39-40, Lockhead, 40-45, Spaulding, 47-52, Hall, 
D. B. (S.S.) 54-5, Raymond, 56-64, Van Woert, 65-71, Markle, 72-5, 
Ries, 75-8, Davis, W. P. 79-84, Fagg, 85-7, Blekkink, 88-94, Rockefeller, 
96-8, Caton, 98-1901, Ficken, 1902-1907, Benson, C. H. 1908-1910, Wurts, 
W. A. (S.S.) 1910-1912, Smith, C. W. 1914-1918, Frost, H. D. 1918-22. 
See Dailey Hist. Montgomery Classis, 129. See Sharon. 

Lebanon, N.J. (Ger. Ref.) (Rockaway), 1740. Wurts, 1750-62, Kails, 
1757-9. Dallicker, 1770-82, Wack, C. 1782-1809. (R.D.C. 1813;. Schultz, 
1816-34, Wack, C. P. 35-40, Van Amburgh, 40-8, Steele, J. 48-53, Van 
Amburgh, 53-69, Van Benschoten, 69-72, Campbell, J. B. 73-6, Roe, S. 
W. 76-83, Davis, W. E. 1883-1905, Boeve, L. 1906-1910, Lonsdale, W. J. 
1910-1915, Fingar, C. J. 1915-1920, Wagner, Paul, 1920 

Leeds, (Catskill, Madison), Greene Co., N.Y., 1732. Weiss, 1731-6, Schune- 
man, 1753-94, Labagh, 1798-1809, Ostrander, H. 1810-12, Wynkoop, 
P. S. 14-17, Wyckoff, L N. 17-34, Van Liew, J. C. 32-3, Hoff, 35-42, 
Romeyn, Jas. 42-4, Betts, 45-50, "Minor, 51-6, Searle, S. T. 57-69, Van 
Zandt, B. 69-78, Wood, C. W. (S.S.) 78-9, Ditmars, C. P. 79-83, 
Sebring, E. N. 84-9, Perlee, 91-9, Randolph, 1900-1902, Van Vranken, 

F. V. 1903-1915, Heinrichs, J. H. 1916-21. See "Ch. Int.," Jan. 20, 1876, 
for Van Orden's sketch of Ch. of Catskill. Leeds was reorganized in 
conjunction with tCiskatom in 1833, but in 1843, each was organized 
separately. 

Leighton, 1890, see Ebenezer, la. 

Le Mars, Sioux Co., la., 1889. Dangremond, G. 89-92, Ziegler, 92-4, Men- 

ning, 94-7, Dykhuizen, 1898-1901, Classical supplies 1901-1904, Vander 

Heide, J. 1904-1908. Dropped 1908. 
Leng-na, 1919, see China. 
Lennox, ist, (Chancellor), Lincoln Co., S.D., 1883. Weiland, 83-5, 

Mollenbeck, 87-91, Watermuelder, L. 91-3, Janssen, R. 94-5, Haken, 

G. 1896-1906, Niehaus, H. 1906-1908, Potgeter, H. J. 1912-1914. Dropped 

1915- 

Lennox, 2d, S.D., 1889. Schoon, 89-91, Watermuelder, L. 91-2, Schoon, 
1892-1910, Huenemann, H. 1910 — — 

Lennox, 3rd, S.D., 1889. Now known as Delaware, S.D., which see. 

Lennox, 1900, see Worthing, S.D. 

Lenox Ave., see Harlem, N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Leota, 1891, see Bethel, Minn. 

Le Roy, Jefferson Co., N.Y., 1821. 

Lester, la., 1916. Classical Missionary. Dykema, K. J. 1920 

Leyden Centre, Cook Co., 111., 1867. Johnson, H. H. 67-78. 

Liberty, Oklahoma, 1902. Marsilje, P. J. 1902 . Dropped 1909. 

Libertyville, see Guilford, N.Y. 

Lincoln Park, N.J., 1917. 

Linden, Union Co., N.J., 1871. Gesner, 70-4, Van Vranken, H. H. 75-6, 
supplied by students or ministers, 76-91, Kommers, 89-91, Sherwood, 
(S.S.) 1893-1904, pastor, 1905-1906, Saure, E. 1907-1912, Van Raalte, 
A. C. 1914-1917, Schmitz, Wm. 1917-20, Berkhardt, A. 1921 

Linlithgo, (Livingston Manor, Johnstown, Livingston), Columbia Co., 
N.Y., 1722. Van Driessen, J. (S.S.) 1722-38, Van Hovenbergh, sup- 
plied, 1743-56, Fryenmoet, 1756-70, Cook (S.S.) 1772-9, supplied by 
Livingston, J. H. 1779-81, Lansing, Nic. 1781-4, Romeyn, Jer. 1788-1803, 
Vedder, Herman, supplied, 1807-15, Kittle, 1816-27, Holmes, E. 27-35, 
Van Wagenen, 35-41, Fonda, J. D. 42-7, Crispell, 47-57, Shepard, 58-67, 
Kip, F. M. (Jr.) 67-9, Dusinberre, 69-89, Vaughan, J. W. 89-1900, 
Greene, E. W. 1901-1903, Wightman, J. C. 1904-1911, Roosenrood, A. 



THE CHURCHES 66l 

C. 1912-1916, Den Herder, M. J. 1916 . See "Crispell's Hist." in 

"Ch. Int.," Oct. 12, 1854; and Livingston. 
Linlithgo, 1870, see Livingston, N.Y. 

Lisha's Kill, West Albany, Schenectady Co., N.Y., 1852. Wells, 55-8, 
De Baun, J. A. 58-82, McCullum, 83-5, Blekkink, 86-8, Kip, L L. 88-91, 
Conant, 1893-1905, Van Oostenbrugge, C. 1906-1910, Van Fleet, J. O. 

1911-1917, Marcley, A. F. 1918 

Litchville, N.D., 1906. Vander Schaaf, J. J. 1910-191^, Vander Ploeg, H. 

1914-1918, Grull, J. D. 1920 

Little Falls, Passaic Co., N.J., 1837. Stryker, H. B., Miss, to, 23-7, 
Ogilvie", Miss, to, 27-9, supplied by Bronson, A. and Porter, R. 37-8, 
Wilson, Jos. 38-45, Vedder, E. 45-9, Cruikshank, J. C. 50-68, Van 
Neste, G. J. 69-75, Smith, W. H. 76-8, Moore, W. L. 78-81, Furbeck, 
P. 81-8, Van Fleet, 88-97, Steffens, C. M. 98-1901, Bayles, T. F. 
1902-1906, Van Hee, T. J. (S.S.) 1907, Martine, A. L 1908-1911, Mac- 
Neill, W. N. 1911-1915, Mould, E. W. K. 1915-1919, Fingar, C. J. 

1920 

Little Falls 2d (Hoi.), N.J., 1891. Supplied from Paterson, 91-1901, Te 
Paske, J. W. 1901-1907, Bruins, B. 1907-1911, Zandstra, S. 1912-1918, 

Sietsema, J. 1919 

Little Falls, N.Y., see Manheim, N.Y. 
Little Rock, 1895, see Salem, la. See North Sibley, la. 
Little Rock, la., 2d, 1919. Classical Missionary. 

Livingston, (Germantown), Columbia Co., N.Y., 1870. Schermcrhorn, 

H. R. (S.S.) 71-2, Van Santvoord, C. (S.S.) 74-5, Meyers, A. H. 

75-8, Blauvelt. C. 78-81, LeFevre, G. 82-6, Emerick, L P. 86-9, Whitney, 

89-93, Shield, 1895-1902, Doyle, D. P. 1903-1906, Law^sing, S. O. 1907- 

1910, Lusty, G. 1910-1915, Randolph, E. T. F. 1916-1919. 

This is the church near the Hudson River. The original church of 

Linlithgo stood on this ^ite until 1814, when it was removed inland about 

five miles to the present village of Johnstown. In 1870 a new church was 

established on the old site. The Livingston vault is under this church, 

and therein are buried Robert Livingston (died 1728) and Alida Schuyler 

his wife, (previously wife of Rev. Nich. Van Rensselaer), and about 400 

of their descendants. 

Livingston Manor, Columbia Co., N.Y., 1700-16. Now embracing the 
churches of Ancram, Linlithgo, Taghkanic, (or Old Stissing), Green- 
bush, (CI. of Hudson), Livingston, etc. "Doc. Hist." i. 243; iii. 365- 
402. "Smiths N.Y.," 307. 
On Oct. I, 17 1 5, Robert Livingston obtained a new patent for his Manor. 
In said patent occurs the following : "The advowson, right of patronage 
of all and every the church and churches erected, or there, or therefor to 
be erected, had or established, in the said Manor"; "Doc. Hist." iii. 417, 
419, 420. On Oct. 8, 1715, Rev. J. F. Haeger and others petitioned for 
permission to erect a church for divine service, according to the rights of 
the Church of England. They had been conducting worship, as best they 
could, from their first settlement there. "Doc. Hist. N.Y." iii. 421. On 
June 1st, 1 721, Livingston petitions for permission to collect moneys to 
build a Reformed Dutch Church on his Manor. "Doc. Hist. N.Y." iii. 421. 
This was granted by Gov. Burnet. — See also "Ecc. Rec. N.Y." 
Livingston (Station). Evans, Wm., Miss, to, 1826. 
Livingston Alcmorial, see Sioux Falls, S.D. 
Locust Valley, L.I., 1871, see N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 
Lodi, Bergen Co.. N.J., (Holl.), 1859. Huyssoon, 59-64, Wust, 64-8, Betz, 
75-8, Jongeneel, L. G. 78-92, Hoonte, 1896-1909, Van Dyk, J. A. 1912- 
1918, Struvk, J. A. 1919-20. 
Lodi, 2d, N.J.,' 1878. Offord, 78-84, Manchee, 84-7, Bolton, 88-90, Johnston, 
Wm. 91-8, Offord, (S.S.) 1900-1904, Zandstra, Sidney 1909-1912, Van 
Houten, A. J. 1912 



662 THE REFORMED CHURCH IX AMERICA 

Lodi, N.J., Independent, 1868. Wust, 1868-78. 

Lodi, Seneca Co., N.Y. Organized as Presbyterian Church, 1800, became 
Reformed 1809. Brokaw, A. 1809-22, Messier, 25-8, Bennett, A. 28.- 
38, Liddell, 38-48, Garretson, G. J. 49-52, Van Neste, G. J. 54-65, Van 
Doren, J. A. supplied, 66, Collier, I. H. 67-9, McMann, A. (S.S.) 69-70, 
McAdam, 71-84, Murray, C. P. 84-6, Ballagh, W. H. 86-8, Porter, C. 
F. 1888-1904, Perkins, F. 1905-1909, Cook, Seth, 1910-1914, Meeker, 
E. J. 1914-1920. Dismissed to Presbytery of Geneva, N.Y. See Dailey 
Hist. Montgomery CI., 63. Christian Intelligencer, June 2j, 1900. 

Logan, Dell Rapids, S.D., 1905. Supplied 1905-1913. DeBuhr, P. 1913 

Long Branch, Monmouth Co., N.J., 1851. Conklin, Miss, to, 47-51, Wil- 
son, Jas. B. 51-78, Young, Chs. j. 79-86, Campbell, J. B. 87-90, Herman, 
90-7, Staats, B. B. 1897-1905, Froschl, J. 1906-1908, Shield, F. K. 1908- 

191 1, Blekkink, V. J. 1912-1914, Duncombe, A. 1915 . See "Wilson's 

Decennial," 1861. 

Long Branch 2d, 1877. (Known as the Seaside Chapel, 1867-78, and was 
supplied during the summer by ministerial visitors, 1867-78). Wilson, 
J. B. 78-80, Phraner, W. H. 81-3. 

Long Island City, L.I., 1875. See N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 

Long Island City, (Laurel Hill), 1875. See N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 
First Steinway, Sunnyside. 

Low Prairie. 111., 1855. Now South Holland. 

Lower Canajoharie, 1773. 

Lower Red Hook, see .Red Hook Landing. 

Lower Schoharie, 1770, merged into the Schoharie Church. See Dailey Hist. 
Montgomery Classis, 127. 

Lower Walpack, see Walpack Lower. 

Lucas, 1893, see Rehoboth, Mich. 

Luctor, Prairie View, Phillips Co., Kansas, 1885. Scholten, D. 86-91, Smit, 
John, 92-3, Van der Meulen, Jacob, 93-6, Van Arendonck, 97-1901, 
Dykema, 1902-1904, Vander Ploeg, H. 1904-1908, Deelsnyder, C. W. 
1908-1912, Lepeltak, C. 1914-1919, Stegeman, Wm. 1919 

Luctor, Minn., see Churchville. 

Lynchburgh, see Bethel, Shiloh, S.C. 

Lynden, Wash., 191 1. Brower, J. G. 1911-1916, Pasma, H. K. 1917 

Lynnville, see Bethlehem, la. 

Lyons, Wayne Co., N.Y., 1833. Nevius, Miss, to, 1835. 

Lyonsville, Kripplebush, Stone Ridge, Kyserike, N.Y., Ulster Co., N.Y., 
1876 Deyo, 76-81, supplied by ministers and licentiates, 1S81-1903, 
Clist, C. L. (S.S.) 1903 — , MacNair, W. 1904-1913, and again 1915, 
Beekman, T. A. 1916-1919, Braithwaite, T. S. 1920-21. 

Lysander, Onondaga Co., N.Y., 1828. .Stevenson, Miss, to, 27-8. Quaw, 
Miss, to, 29-30, Marcellus, 30-1, Williams, M. B. 34-7, Knight, R. W. 
46-8, Bradford, W. W. 49-55, Van Vranken, F. V. 61-6, Enders, 66-9, 
Wurts, 71-6. 

Macao, E.I., 1838, see India. 

Macon, Lenawee Co., Mich., 1849. Taylor, A. B. 49-52, Kershow, 53-5, 
Beidler, 56-7, Heermance, Har. 57-62, Skillman, 63-8, Moerdyk, P. 
69-71, De Spelder, 73-84, Sutton, 84-7, Gulick, J. I. 91-5, Jongewaard, 
97-1901, Scarlet, G. W. 1902-1910. Became Presbyterian 191 1. 

Macon, South, 1863, see South Macon, Mich. 

Madison Ave., see Albany, N.Y., see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Madison, 1843, see Caledonia, Wis. 

Madison, now Leeds, N.Y. 

Madnapalli, 1863, see India. 

Magnolia, S.C, 1904. see Bethel, Bethsaida. 

Madras, see India. 

Madura, see India. 



THE CHURCHES 663 

Mahackeniack, now Deer Park, or Port Jervis, N.Y. 

Mahwah, 1785, see Ramapo, N.Y. 

Malcolm, 1835, see Tyre, N.Y. 

Mamakating, (VVurtsboro, Rome), Sullivan Co., N.Y., 1805. Du Bois, G. 
20-4, Van Vechten, S. 24-9, Edwards (S.S.) 31-4, Drake, 42-4, Hill- 
man, 46-9, Cruikshank, (S.S.) 49-53, Searle, S. 53-9, Du Bois, John 
59-65, Frazee, 66-9, Ackerman, 70-4, Todd, A. F. 76-80, Du Bois, John 
(S.S.) 80-4, Millett, S. 85-91, Gliddon, A. M. (S.S.) 91-2, Harris, D. T. 
92-5, Clifton, S. T. 97-1900, Crane, 1901-1917. 

Manayunk, 1829, see Philadelphia, Pa. 

Manhasset, 1816, see North Hempstead, L.I. 

Manhattan, Mont., 1910. Duven, Wm. 1912-1917, Kroodsma, R. 1917-1919, 
Vander Schoor, C. 1921 . See Big Timber, Hope, Mont. 

Manheim, (Snell's Bush, Ingham's Mills), Little Falls, Herkimer Co., N.Y., 
1770, Dyslin, (S.S.) 1790-1815, Goetschius, S. Z., Miss, to, 22, Ketchum, 
-23-30, Manley, J. 31-3, Murphy, 34-6, Weidman, 37-41, Du Bois, John 
43-5, Meyers, A. H. 48-52, Weidman, 52-60, Stanbrough, 61-76, Mat- 
thews, A. 76-9. Minor, J. (S.S.) 80-2, vacant, 82-91, Harris, D. T. 
91-2, Ruhl, F. W. 93-5, vacant, 95-8, Bahler, L. H. 98-1900. Supplied 
by neighboring pastors, students and others 1900-1915, vacant, 1915. See 
Dailey Hist. Montgomery Classis, 67. Doc. Hist. N.Y. iii. 674, 686. 

Manito, ist, Tazewell Co., 111., 1879. Gilmore, 73-80, Force, F. A. 82-6, 
Ziegler, 87-8, Wyckoff, C. S. 91-4, Winter, J. P. 94-7, Drake, E. A. 
1897-1903, Shafer, T. 1904-1907, Dejong, P. C. 1910-1912. 

Manito. 1854, see Spring Lake, 111. 

Manny's Corner, N.Y. Branch of Amsterdam. Ten Eyck, C. 1800-1802. 
Became Presbyterian 1802. 

Manor Chapel, of South Church, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan, South 
Church. 

Manville, N.J. (Hungarian), 1919. Hamory, L. H. S. (S.S.) 1918-20, 
Kosa, A. (S.S.) 1920 

Mapes, N.D., 1905. Name disappears 1909. 

Maple Lake, 1894. see Silver Creek, Minn. 

Mapletown, Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1801, (see Middletown and Canajo- 
harie). Toll, 1803-1821, Van Vechten, S. (S.S.) 1821-24, Welton, A. 
(S.S.) 1825, Van Olinda, 1827-31, Hangen, 32-6, Heermance, Har. 37' 
40, Frazer, 40-3, Middlemas, (S.S.) 44-6, Carle, 47-51, Buckelew, 51-5, 
Quick, J. J. 56-62, Whitbeck, R. M. (S.S.) 63-4. Compton, (S.S.) 
64-8, Markle, (S.S.) 69-71, Sharpley. 74-80, Jones, Dewey, May-Dec. 80, 
Compton, J. M., 6 months, 82, Minor, J. 82-4, Wyckoflf, G. 86-7, San- 
gree. 88-93, Thomson, J. A. 1894-1902, Florence, E. W. 1903, Shepherd, 
F. R. (Pres.) (S.S.) 1903-06, Nelson, S. (Pres.) (S.S.) 1906-1912, 
Frederick E. E. (Pres.) (S.S.) 1913-1917. See sketch in Ch. Int., July 
15. 1852, Dailey Hist. Mont. CI. 71. 

Marble Collegiate Church, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Marbletown, (Marmerton, Mormelton), Stone. Ridge, Ulster Co., N.Y., 
1737. Supplied occasionally by Van Driessen, J., and by ministers of 
Kingston. 1737-56. Frelinghuy.sen, Jac. called 1751. but d. ; Frelinghuy- 
sen, H. 1754-7, Romeyn, D. 1764-76, Hardenbergh, J. R. 1781-6, Van 
Home, A. 1789-95, Goetschius, S. 1796-1814, Carle, 1814-25, Paulison, 
26-9. Van Dyck, C. L. 29-54, McNair, 54-9, Shaw, W. A. 59-60, McNair, 
60-7, Brush, W. W. 68-72, Hulbert, 72-84, Smitz, B. 84-5, Schomp, 85-92, 
Davis, G. 93-1901, Clist, 1901-1904, MacNair, W. 1904-1915, Stevens, 
C. 1916-1919, Langwith, F. A. 1920-21. See "Schomp's Hist. Address," 
1888. There was preaching here, from an early period, 1677. See 
"Ecc. Recs., N.Y." This church, with Rochester and Wawarsing, were 
under one charter. 

Marbletown 2d, (Conferentie), 1752. Reorganized, 1771. Supplied by 
Rysdyck. United with old church, 1786. 



664 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Marbletown 2d, (North), 1851. Lippincott, (S.S.) 1851-6, Harris, J. F. 

1867-76, Hulbert, 76-84, Schomp, 85-92, Davis, G. 93-1901, Vyverberg, 

H. J. (S.S.) 1904-1911, Durfee, J. F. 1914 

Marconnier, Oak Tree, N.J., 1912. Supply 1906-12, Lansdale, J. T. 1912-21, 

pastor emeritus 1921 , Read, G. O. (S.S.) 1921. 

Mariaville, Schenectady Co., N.Y., 1843. Donald, 1844-50. 

Mariner's Harbor, see N.Y.C., Borough of Richmond. 

Marion, see Jersey City. 

Marion, Wayne Co., N.Y., 1870. Warnshuis, J. W. 71-6, Wabeke, 77-9, 

Kolyn, 81-6, Hogeboom». 87-90, Ihrman, 91-6, Strabbing, 97-1900, Bruins 

W. H. 190G-1910, Betten, D. L. 1910-1920, Te Paske, A. J. 1920 

Marion, N.Y., 2d, 1910. Ihrman, Peter, 1910-1911, Van Westenburg, I. 

1912-1914, Wolterink, J. 1914-21, Ossewarde, John 1922 

Marion, North, N.D.. see North Marion, N.D. 

Marion, 1882, see Sandham Memorial, S.D. 

Marlboro, see Freehold. 

Marmerton, now Marbletown. 

Marshallville, (CI. Rensselaer), 1831, Cornell, F. F. 1831-2? Schanck, G. C, 

Miss, to, Jan.-July, 1833, Russell, (S.S.) 1833. 
Martinsburgh, Lewis Co., N.Y., 1827. 
Marutuvambada, 1868, see India. 
Mascat, see Arabia. 
Mason City, 111., see Pennsylvania Lane, 111. 

Matlock, la., 1916. Qassical Missionary, 1916-1920. Kots, J. W. 1920 

Matsumoto, 1912-17, see Japan. 

Mattoax and Amelia Court-House, Va. Huizinga, 1870-6. In 1884 be- 
came Presbyt. 
Mattrah, see Arabia. 
Maurice, Sioux Co., la., 1884. Boer, H. K. 85-90, Wayenberg, 90-3, Straks, 

94-8, Ihrman, 1899-1910, Wesselink, J. 1910-1913, Vanderbeek, John 

1914-20, Straaks, J. H. 1920 

Maurice, American. la., 1907. DeSpelder, J. A. 1908-1910, Winter, J. E. 

1911-1912, Dickens, Wm. H. 1913-1917, Van Wyk, J. C. 1919-21. 
Mayfield, Fulton Co., N.Y., 1793. Ten Eyck, 1799-1812, Amerman, A. 17-21, 

Van Olinda, Miss, to, 24, Van Vechten, S., Miss, to, 1823-4. Became 

Presbyterian. 1826. See Dailey Hist. Montgomery Classis, 123. Doc. 

Hist. iii. 673, 683. 
Mayfield. Independent, 1821. Amerman, A. 21-43, W^stervclt, J. P. 45-55. 

See Dailey Hist. Montgomery Classis, 130. 
Maywood. N.J., see Spring Valley, N.J. 

McKee, Kentucky, 191 1. Messier, Isaac 1911-1919, Dejong, F. H. 1920 

Medina, Lenawee Co., Mich., 1846. Heermance, Har. 46-51. 

Meekin, see Silver Creek, 111. 

Mellenville, (Claverack 2d), 1838. (Supplied by Sluyter, 38-42, and by 

Wynkoop, P. S. 42), Vandervoort, 42-5, Himrod, 45-51, Pitcher, J. H. 

52-61, Sebring, 62-85, Gebhard, J. G. 85-91, Hunter, 92-9, Collier, G. Z. 

1900-191C, Appledoorn, L. 1911-1918, Beseigel, W. E. 1919 

Melrose, 1854, see N.Y.C., Borough of The Bronx. 

Melvin, la., 1916. Furda, E. 1917-1919, Van Eerden, P. 1919 

Melvin, la., see Baker, la. 

Mescalero, N.M. (Indian), 1909. Fincher, E. B. 1909-1911, Harper, R. H. 

1911-1913, Dykema, J. (S.S.) 1913 and 1914-15, Curtis, N. R. 1916- 

1917. 
Meservey, Alexander, Belmont, la., 1907. Reeverts, F. (S.S.) 1907, Theil- 

ken, J. G. 1909 , Pannkuk, H. 1910 

Metuchen, Middlesex Co., N.J., 1857. Thompson, J. B. 59-66, Bogert, 

N. J. M. 67-70, Lord, E. 70-81, Cruikshanks, Jas. 81-7, Wyckoff, G. 

87-94, Raven, 94-9, Searle, E. V. V. 1900-1907, Conklin, J. W. 1908- 

1909, Van Zanten, J. W. 1910-1919, Zimmerman, F. 1919 . See 

Cruikshanks Hist. Discourse, 1882. 



THE CHURCHES 



66: 



Middleburgh, (Upper Schoharie), 1730. (Schoharie, Wysersdorp Building). 
Erickson, R. 1730-1731, Weiss, G. M. 1731-2, Erickson, R. 1732-6, 
Schuyler, J. 1736-56, Goetschius, J. M. 1756-60, Rosencrantz, Ab. 1760-S, 
ministering in German; Westerlo, W., co-pastor with Rosencrantz, 

- ministering in Dutch, 1761-4; Schuyler, J. 1766-79, supplies, 1779-85. 
Gross, J. D. Van Nest, R., Gebhard, J. G., Schneyder, G. W. 1785-87. 
1788, Collegiate connection with Schoharie was severed; Broffel, 1788- 
95, Van Nest, R. 1797-1803, supplied by Schermerhorn, C. D., Sickles, 
J Wyckoff, H. v., 1803-11, DeVoe. D. 1811-16, Schermerhorn, J. F. 
1816-26, Garretson, John 1827-33, Steele, J. B. 1834-8, Boyd, J. 1840-42, 
Mersereau, L. (Pres.) (S.S.) 1842-5, West, J. 1845-52, See, I. McB. 
1852-4. Vedder, E. 1855-63, Bogardus, W. E. (S.S.) 1863-4, Lott, 1864- 
70, Roe. 1 87 1 -6, Gardner, J. E. 1876-80, Sebring, E. N. 1880-4, Van 
Dorn, D. K. 1885-90, Pitcher, C. W. 1891-1906, Buckle, G. 1907-10, 
Collier, G. Z. 1910 . See Danforth Hist. Address, 1886. 

Middleburg, 1894, see Free Grace, la. 

Middlebush. Somerset Co., N.J., 1834. Schultz, 34-8, Van Doren, J. A. 
38-66, Swain, 66-8, Alershon, 69-74, Le Fevre, Jan. 75-1902, Thomson, 
J. A. 1902-1920, Langwith, F. A. 1921 . See Le Fevre's Hist. Dis- 
course, 1884. 

Middle Collegiate, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Middleport. 1852, now Kershonksen, N.Y. 

Middletown, Delaware Co., N.Y., same as Coshington. 

Middletown, Saratoga Co., N.Y., 1791- Close, John 1796-1804. See Dailey 
Hist. Montgomery CI., 123. 

Middletown, N.Y., 1798. Name changed to Mapletown, about 1835. 

Middletown. N.Y.. Secession, 1822. 

Middletown, N.J., 1799, now Holmdel. Middletown and Freehold ist, were 
one corporation until 1825. 

Middletown, Alonmouth Co., N.J., 1836. Supplied by Beekman. J. T. B. 
36-9, Crawford, 39-40, Millspaugh. 41-66, Seibert, 66-71, Van Doren, 
L. H. 71-6, Buck, 77-93, Hageman, P. K. 1894-1902, Brown, W. D. 1903- 
1905, Forbes, J. C. 1906-1910, Roeder, C. W. 1911-1914, Conklin, M. T. 
1915-20, Thomson, J. A. 1921 

Midwout. a name including the several churches in Kings Co., L.I.^^ See 
Kings Co. On the name Midwout, see "Gen. a;nd Biog. Record," viii. 

163. 
Mile Square, 1900, see Yonkers, N.Y. 
Milesville. Sullivan Co., N.Y., 1858. Boehrer, 62-6, Schnellendreussler, 

68-9. 
Mil ford, la., see Ebenezer. 
Millbrook, South Millbrook, Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1866. Cobb, H. N. 66-81, 

Stockwcll. (assoc. pastor). 69-71, Hill, Miss, at, 72, Lyall, J. E. 

,881 . This church has three chapels : Bloomwall, 1869; Mabbetts- 

ville, 1872; Little Rest, 1873. 
Miller, S. D. 1910. 

Mill Point, 1870. see Spring Lake, Mich. 
Millstone, N.J., now Harlingen. Prior to 1766, Millstone, in the "Minutes 

Ecc. Rec." and early writings generally, means Harlingen. (See 

"Millstone Centennial"). 
Millstone, 1766, see Hillsborough, N.J. 
Milwaukee, Milwaukee Co., Wis., 1849. Klyn, 51-4, Bolks, 55-61, Van- 

dcrmeulen, John 62-70, Zwemer, A. 70-3, Duiker. 74-7, Moerdyk, W. 

77-84. Broek, J. 84-93, Moerdyk, W. 95-1900, Veldman, 1901-1906, 

Bruins, H. AI. 1907-1917, Ter Keurst, H. D. 1918 
Mina Corners, Chautauqua Co., N.Y., 1856. Dunnewold, supplied, 56-60, 

pastor. 60-68, Weber, Jac. 71-4, Boehrer, 76-9, vacant, 79-87. when name 

of ch. is dropped. See Dailey Hist. Montgomery CI., 134. 
Minaville, 1784, now Florida, N.Y. 



666 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Minden, 1816. See Dailey Hist. Montgomery Classis, 123. 

Minisink, (Nominack), at Montague, Sussex Co., NJ., 1737. Supplied 
occasionally by Mancius, 1737-41, Fryenmoet, 1741-56, Romeyn, T. 
1760-72, Van Bunschooten, E. 1785-1799, Demarest, John, 1803-8, 
Eltinge, C. C. 16-37, Ayres, 38-41, Bookstaver, 41-7, (Morse, J. G. 
Presbyt. supply, 48-9), Demarest, John T. 50-2, Jones, D. A. 52-8, 
Gates, 60-2, Cornell, Wm. 62-3, Moore, W. S. 64-9, Turner, 72-5, Fitz- 
gerald, 79-81, Stillwell, J. L. 82-4, Millett, Jos. 87-90, Lane, G. 93-6, 
Meyer, A. J. 1900-1904. Occasional supplies. See "Mills' Hist. Discs.," 
1874 and 1878. 

Moddersville, Missanke Co., Mich., 1892. Vennema, S. 92-8. 

Mohawk, Herkimer Co., N.Y., 1838. Murphy, 40-3, Starks, 44-52, Slinger- 
land, 55-6, Hammond, J. W. 56-9, Nott, C. D. 59-64, Slingerland, 65-6, 
Consaul, (S.S.) 67-70, Wilson, F. F. 70-2, Bogardus, F. M. 72-6, Lan- 
sing, J. G. 77-9, Edmondson, 81-6, Brandow, 86-8, Minor, A. D. 88-91, 
Van Allen, L 92-8, Meeker, E. J. 1899-1903, Kinney, C. W. 1906-1911, 

Becker, O. E. 1912-1917, Boyton, A. B. 1919 . Dailey Hist. Mont. 

CI., TZ. See "Doc. Hist. N.Y." iv. 314, Rev. John Stuart, of Ch. o-f 
England, reads service, 1770-5, at Fort Hunter (or Mohawk) to the 
Dutch. 

Mombacus, 1701, now Rochester, Ulster Co., N.Y. 

Monarch, Alberta, Canada, 1910. Van Dyk, A. 1916-1919. 

Monroe, Aplington, Butler Co., la., 1886. Schaefer, F. 1886-1908, Russ- 
mann, E. K. 1909-21, Achtermann, H. 1921 

Monroe, S.D., 1894. Thormann, E. H. 1897-1903, Siemsen, D. 1903-1908, 
Reeverts, F. 1908-1913, Koerlin, E. F. 1914-1919, Licht, Wm. 1920 

Monroe, 1894, see Sandham Memorial, S.D. 

Monsey, N.Y., see Saddle River, West New Hempstead. 

Montague, 1737, see Minisink, N.J. 

Montague, Muskegon Co., Mich., 1875. Name dropped after 1885. 

Montana, ist, Conrad, Mont., 1908. Roggen, J. A. 1911-1916, Duven, Wtn. 
1917 

Montclair Heights, Upper Montclair, Essex Co., N.J., 1897. Supplied by 
Bogardus, W. E. 95-7, Gulick, C. W. 1898-1903, Von Schlieder, Albert 
1903-1910, Hulst, G. D. 1910 . Milliken (S.S.) 1917-18. 

Montgomery, (Wallkilh), Orange Co., N.Y., 1732. Vrooman, 1753-4, Kern, 
1771-8, Van Nest, R. 1778-85, Froeligh, M. 1788-1817, Fonda, Jesse, 
17-27, Lee, R. P. 29-58, Van Zandt, A. B. 59-72, Brett, C. 73-6, Schenck, 
F. S. 77-90, McCready, 90-4, Berg, J. F. 95-1902, Crispell, P. 1902-1915, 
Ballard, B. 1915 

Montgomery 2d, 1752. Conferentie. 

Mont Pleasant, 1892, see Schenectady, N.Y. 

Montrose, 1729, see Courtlandtown, N.Y. 

Montville, (Parsipanny, or Boonton), Morris Co., N.J., 1756. Marinus, 
supplied, 1756-68, (Blauw, Conferentie, 1762-8), Myer, H. supplied, 
1772-91, Ostrander, S. 1794-1810, Kuypers, W. P. 1801-5, Brinkerhoflf, 
21-4, Messier, Miss, to, 24, Morris, J., Miss, to, 25, Tarbell, Miss, to, 
26, Ogilvie, 26-7, Messier, 29-32, Cornell, F. F. 33-6, Woods, 38, Lord, 
Jer. L. 40-3, Janeway, J. L. 43-50, Conklin, Nath. 51-70, Van Doren, 
L. H. 71-4, Collier, L H. 74-9, Kemlo, 80-3, Van Fleet, 84-89, Clist, 
89-91, Luckenbill, 92-5, Mattice, A. 96-1901, Duck, E. M. 1905-1911, 
Nies, M. G. 1912-1914, various supplies, Flipse, M. E. 1920-1921. 

MonWille, Secession, 1824. Brinkerhoff , J. G., Miss, to, 1824, again, 1825-30. 

Moore. Okl., Case Township, 1906, Okl. Sandham Memorial. 

Moresville, 1836, see Grand Gorge, N.Y., Roxbury. 

Morioko, 1888-1917, see Japan. 

Mormelton, now Marbletown, N.Y. 

Morrison, 1896, see Ebenezer, 111. 

Morrison, 111., 1909, see Ustick. 



THE CHURCHES 667 

Mott Haven, 1851, see New York City, Borough of The Bronx. 
Mottville, St. Joseph Co., Mich., 1849. Seeber, 1849-51, Bailey, 1856-63, 

Beardsley, 1863-4. 
Mountain Lakes. N.J., 1913. Depue, F. E. 1913 (S.S.) Gouwens, T. T. 

1915-1921, Miller, J. C. 1921 

Mt. Greevvood, Blue Island, 111., 1913. Kregel, J. H. 1914-1917, Dykstra, 

J. D. 1917-1918, Zandstra, F. 1919 

Mt. Marion, N.Y., see High Woods, N.Y. 

Mt. Marion. N.Y., see Plattskill, N.Y. 

Mt. Morris, Livingston Co., N.Y., 1839. Hammond, 1842-5. 

Mt. Morris, Secession, 1828. Brinckerhoff, J. G. 1844 

Mt. Olivet, Italian, see Newark, N.J., 1918. 

Mt. Pleasant, now Stanton, N.J. 

Mt. Pleasant, now Greenport, N.Y. 

Mt. Pleasant. 1829, see New York City, Borough of Manhattan. 

Mt. Pleasant, see Schenectady. 

Mt. Ross, 1746, see Gallatin, N.Y. 

Mt. Vernon, Westchester Co., N.Y., 1853. Snyder, B. F., Miss, to, 52-4, 

See, I. M. 54-64, Hutton. M. H. 64-79, Clearwater, 79-94, Scudder, F. 

94-7, Tyndall, 1897-1921, Broek, A. 1922 

Muitzeskill, 1756, see Schodack, N.Y. 

Munsonville, N.Y., (Independent), 1813. Palmer, S. 1818 . See Dailey 

Hist. Montgomery Classis, 123. 
Muscatine, Muscatine Co., la., 1891. Scholten, 91-6, Dragt, 97, Te Winkle, 

99-1901, Flikkema, 1902-1905. Menning, S. J. 1905-1910, Mollema, H. 

1910-1912, De Bruine, S. 1913-1914, Vanden Berge, E. 1915-1917. Dis- 
banded 1918. 
Muskegon, Muskegon Co., Mich.. 1859. Houbolt, 64-71, Vandermeulen, 

Jac. C. 7^-89, Moerdyk, Wm. 90-2, Van Zanten, 93-9, Luxen, 1900-1918, 

Bovenkerk, J. 1919 — ;- 
Muskegon, 2d, 1891. Hos'pers, G. H. 93-4, Bloemendal, R. 1897-1905, Van 

Zomeren, J. 1907-1910, Hondelink. G. 1912-1918, Karreman, A. 1918 

Muskegon, Mich., 3d. An Independent Reformed Church. Became Re- 
formed 1903. TeGrootenhuis, G. H. E. 1903-1905, Broek, J. 1905-22. 

Muskegon, Mich., Unity, 191 7. Heneveld, G. G. 1918 

Muskegon. Mich., 5th, 1918. Bouma, P. A. J. 1919. 

Muskegon Heights. Covenant Reformed, 1920. Droppers, O. G. 1920 

Nagano, 1897- 191 7, see Japan. 

Nagasaki. 1859, see Japan. 

Nansimur, 1871, see India. 

Napanoch, same as Wawarsing, N.Y. 

Narasinganur, see India. 

Nasaria, see Arabia. 

Nassau, (Union Village), Rensselaer Co., N.Y., 1803. Bork, 1804-8, Fonda, 
Jesse 1809-13. Van Buren, P. 14-20, Romeyn, Jas. 21-7, Hermance, 
(S.S.) 1828, Morris, J. F. 29-32, Hunt, C. 32-7, Knox, J. P. 38-41, 
Holmes, 41-52, Steele, R. H. 52-63. Collier. I. H. 64-6. Brush, A. H. 
67-80, Dcmarest, J. S. N. 81-3. Bertholf, J. H. 83-6. Beaver, 89-98, 
Lydecker. G. D. 98-1902. Chrestensen, D. H. 1903 

Naumbcrg. (Gcr.), Castorland. Lewis Co.. N.Y., 1855. Wolff. 56-60, Becker, 
60-70. Boehrer, 70-6, Warnshuis, H. M. 77-9, Moelling, P. A. 80-4, Ung- 
laub, 85-8, vacant, 88-93, Barny, W. F. 93-6. Occasional supplies. See 
Dailey Hist. Montgomery CI.. 75. 

Navarre, Minn.. 1903. see Spring Creek. Minn. 

Navasink. (Neversink), 1699. See Freehold, Holmdel, Marlboro and Mid- 
dletown, N.J. 

Nepcran, 1818. see Unionville. N.Y. 

Neshaminy, Bucks Co., Pa., 1710. Van Vleck, P. 1710-13, supplied by 



668 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Malachi Jones, 1714-19, became Presbyterian. — This church was at 
first in union with North and South Hampton, being in the neighbor- 
hood of Feasterville. See Journal of Pres. Hist. Soc, vol. i, No. i. 
May, 1901. 

Neshanic, (Shannick, Nechanic, New Shannock), Somerset Co., N.J., 1752. 
Hardenbergh, J. R. 1758-61, Van Harlingen, J. M. 1762-95, Froeligh, 
S. 1780-6, Smith, W. R. 1794-1817, Polhemus, H. 1798-1808, Labagh, 
P. 1809-21, Ludlow, G. 21-78, Hart, J. 1875-1922, Van Strien, J. J. 

1922 . See "Ludlow's Fifty Years of Pastoral Work," 1871. Also 

Christian Int., Aug. 27, 1902. 

Nestegauna, now Niskayuna. 

Netherwood, Plainfield, N.J., 1910. Stout, R. A. 1910-1913, Ralston, E. S. 
1914-1920, Marcy, S. H. 1920 

Neversink, ("M.G.S." i. 19, 22), an error for Minisink. 

Neversink, see Navasink. 

Neversink, now Fallsburgh. 

New Amstel, (New Castle), Del., 1642. (Campanius, John 1642-54, Swed- 
ish). R.D.C. 1654, organized by Polhemus, on his way from Brazil. 
Welius, 1657-9, Hadson called, d. on passage, 1664, Tesschenmaeker, 
1679-82; supplied occasionally by Varick, 1687. (Now Presbyt.). Full 
account in "Spotswood's Historical Sermon"; also "Ecc. Rec." ; "Col. 
Hist. N.Y." ii. 4-84, iii. 115, 251, and the new vol. xii. "Doc. Hist." 
iii. 31, 82, 83. "Asher," xxxvii. 

New Amsterdam, 1628, now New York Collegiate Church. See New York, 
borough of Manhattan. 

New Amsterdam, La Crosse Co., Wis., 1877. In 1884 became Presbyterian. 

Newark, Essex Co., N.J., churches in : 

1. Newark ist, (Market St.), 1833. (Clinton Av. and Johnson St., 

1898). Wells, R. 33-42, Scott, Jas. 43-58, Terhune, 59-76, Gleason, 
77-86, Easton, T. C. 86-9, Martyn, C. 90-2, Lee, T. I. 1893-1905, 
Hutchison, S. N. 1906-1909, Trousdale, O. M. 191 1 

2. Newark 2d, (Ferry St.), 1848. (On New York Av., 1890). Wil- 

liamson, G. R. 48-9, Van Brunt, supplied, 49, Abeel, G. 50-65, 
Riddle, M. B. 65-9, Brett, C. 70-3, Van Vranken, F. V. 74-82, 
Davis, J. A. 83-9, Sullivan, 90-1, Allen, J. S. 1891-1906, Tulp, 
A. P. 1907-1909, Davis, E. E. 1910-1917, Donovan, G. H. 1918 

3. Newark 3d, 1848. Serenbets, 1849, Lehlback, 1850-61. 

4. Newark, North, (Broad St.), 1856. Polhemus, A., May-Oct., 1857, 

Du Bois, H. 59-61, Demarest, Jas. (Jr.) 63-6, Hart, 66-80, Wa- 
ters, 81-93, Mackay, 94-9, Vance, 1900-1910, Stewart, C. H. 1913- 

1918, Drumm, T. P. 1919 . Assistants : Leggett, L. G. 1899, 

Gulick, C. W. 1903-1906, Hageman, P. K. 1906-1910, Boeve, L. 
1910-1914, Chambers, S. D. 1914-1917, Condit, C. B. 1918-1920, 
Van Westenberg, Anthony 1920. See "Decennial Celebration." 

5. Newark, West, (Blum St.), 1866. Wenisch, 67-74. Kern, 76-82, 

Girtanner, 1882-1918, P.Em. 1918, Coenen, H. G. 1919 

6. Newark, South, (Clinton Av.), 1868. Taylor, W. J. R. 69-89, 

Martin, D. H. 1890-1908, Broek, A. T. 1908-22. Assistants: 
Mattice, A. 1901-1904, Arcularius, A. M. 1905-1910. See "Decen- 
nial Memorial," 1878. Ch. Int., May 30, 1900. 

7. Newark, East, (East Ferry St.), 1869. (Called Trinity, since 

1888). Brokaw, I. P. 69-74, Blauvelt, C. R. 74-7, Jan. i ; Krueger, 
C. H. T. 77-80, Shafer, T. 82-4, Preyer, 84-6, Milliken, R. P. 
87-93, Morris, J. N. 1893-1907, Condit, C. B. 1907-1917, Fenn, R. 
F. 1918 

8. Woodside, (Belleville Av.), Delavan Ave., 1871. (Called Christ 

Church, since 1893). Macauley, J. M. 72-80, Brodhead, W. H. 
(S.S.) 81-2, Jones, C. H. 85-94, Schenck, I. V. W. 94-9, Mellen, 



THE CHURCHES 669 

1900-1912. Disbanded 1914. Reorganized 1916. Post, H. K. 

19 1 7 . 

9. Mt. Olivet, (Italian), Prospect Ave., 1918. Febrile, D. N. 1919 

Newark, 1835, see Arcadia, N.Y. 

New Baltimore, Greene Co., N.Y., 1833. Van Santvoord, S. (S.S.) 34-40, 
Gosman, J. (S.S.) 41-2, Murphy, J. (S.S.) 42-3, Cornell, J. A. H. 43-8, 
Peltz, 48-51, Davies, 52-5, Gardner, 56-60, Strong, R. G. 61-70, Zabris- 
kie, Jer. L. 70-82, Arcularius, 83-97, Van Fleet, 1898-1911, Torrens, 
W. R. 1912-1917, Kanter, H. 1917-21, DeMeester, P. 1922—. 

New Bremen, Lewis Co., N.Y., 1855. Wolff, 56-60, Becker, 60-70, Bochrer, 
70-6, Warnshuis, H. M. 77-9, Moiling, 80-4, Unglaub, 85-8, vacant, 
88-93, Barny, W. F. 93-6, vacant, 1896-1900. Disbanded 1900. See 
Dailey Hist. Mont. CI., 123. 

New Brighton, or Brighton Heights, 1823, see N.Y.C., Borough of Rich- 
mond. 

New Broadalbin, see Caughnawaga. 

New Brooklyn, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

New Brunswick, Middlesex Co., N.J., churches in ; 

1. New Brunswick ist, (see Three Mile Run), Middlesex Co., N.J., 

1717. Burnet st., cor. of Schureman st., 1717-67; then at Neilson 
St. at head of Hiram st. Frelinghuysen, T. J. 1720-48, Leydt, 
J. 1748-83, Hardenbergh, J. R. 1786-90, Condict, 1794-1811, 
Schureman, 12-13, Fonda, Jesse 13-17, Ludlow, J. 17-19- Ferris, 
L 21-4, Hardenbergh, J. B. 25-9, Janeway, J. J. 30-1, How, 32-61, 
Steele, R. H. 63-80, Easton. T. C. 81-6, Pockman, 1887-1911, 

Hogan, J. S. 1912 

Chartered, 1753, as one corporation with Raritan, North Branch, 
(now Readington), Millstone, (now Harlingen), Six Mile Run. 
This charter is. published in Dr. Messler's work, "Memorial 
Sermons and Historical Notes," 1873. — See "Steele's Hist. Disc, 
1867, at 150th Anniversary." 

2. New Brunswick 2d, (George st., cor. of Albany), 1843. Demarest, 

D. D. 43-52, Woodbridge, 52-7, Wilson, H. M. 58-62, Schenck, 
J. W. 63-6, Hartranft, 67-78, Hutton, M. H. 1878-1907, P. Em. 

1907-1909, Ingham, J. A. 1910-20, Holden, L. H. 1921 . See 

"Semi-Centennial," 1893. 

3. New Brunswick 3d, (Ger.), Guilden st., 1851. Serenbets, 51-4, 

Schneeweiss, 55-8, Hones, (S.S.) 58-60, Meyer, C. (S.S.) 63-4, 
Cludius. 65-6, Meyer, C. 1867-1901. Dropped 1912. 

4. New Brunswick, Suydam St., 1884. Campbell, W. H. 85-90, Camp- 

bell. A. D. 1890-1913, Payson, G. H. (S.S.) 1913-1915. Pastor, 

1915 . See "Memorial of Dr. W. H. Campbell," for early 

history. 

5. Highland Park, 1890. Supplied by Corwin, E. T. 90-1. Thompson, 

J. B. 91-7. Van Dyck, Alex. 1897-1903, Meeker, E. J. 1904-1908, 
Easton, T. C. 1909-1910, Shield. F. K. 1911-1918, Luidens, Anth- 
ony, 1919 

Newburgh, Orange Co., N.Y., 1835. Cruikshank, W. 35-8, Fisher, I. M. 

38-9, Vanderveer, F. H. 39-42, Van Zandt, A. B. 42-9, McLaren, 50-9, 

Mandoville, G. H. 59-69, Gleason, 70-6, Carroll, 76-81, Myers, H. V. S. 

82-91, Beattie, R. H. 1891-1903, Broek, A. T. 1903-1908, Purdy, M. S. 

1909 . "Doc. Hist." iii. 327-364, (352). Sketch in "Ch. Int.," May 2, 

1878. • 

Newburgh. N.Y., 1922, Italian. Moncada, P. S. 1922 

New Castle, 1764, see New Castle, Amstel, Del. 

New Concord, East Chatham, Ghent, Columbia Co., N.Y., 1857. (Previously 

Congregational). Decker, 57-60, Jansen, 61-4, Jones, D. A. 64-7, Bevier, 



6/0 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

(S.S.) 67-73, Harris, H. R. (S.S.) 73-4, Mead, (S.S.) 74-6, Ashley, 
(S.S.) 76-8. King, Rufus, (Presbyt.) (S.S.) 78-80, Staats, J. A. (S.S.) 
80, Brown, T. S. 80-91, occasional supplies, 1891-1906, Beaver, J. P. 
(S.S.) 1902-1906, Black. J. 1908-1918, Beaver, J. P. (S.S.) 1919 

Nevkr Durham, Weehawken, Hudson Co., N.J., 1843. (The Grove Church). 
Taylor, W. J. R. 44-6, Mabon, W. V. V. 46-81, Scudder, W. H. 82-4, 
Gowen, I. W. 1885 . Assistants: Ackert, W. R. 1895-1901, Daw- 
son, C. 1901 , Hopper, A. W. 1903-1907, Miller, J. C. 1907-1911, 

Conklin, W. D. 1913-1915, Allen, H. B. 1919 

New Era, Oceana Co., Mich., 1894. Van der Ploeg, H. 95-1900, Osse- 
waarde, John, 1900-1904, Oosterhof, A. 1904-1909, Straks, H. 1909- 
1912, Dykema, K. J. 1912-1917, Maatman, A. 1919 — — 

New Foundland, Passaic Co., N.J., 1815. 

New Hackensack, Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1758. Rysdyck, 1765-89, Van Vran- 
ken, N. 1791-1804, Barcolo, 1805-10, DeWitt, T. 12-26, Dwight, M. W. 
26-33, Van Cleef, C. 33-66, Ward, H. 67-87, Du Mont, 1888-1911,' 
Ackerly, E. R. 1912-1914, Conger, A. M. 1914-20. 

New Harlem, same as Harlem, N.Y.C. 

New Harlem, same as Fonda's Bush, N.Y. 

New Haven, (South Ch. Cong.), Ct.. 1852. (Stiles supplied, 52-7, Noyes, 
57-61, Carroll, 61-8). Ref. Ch. 1868. Carroll, 68-9, Brush, W. (S.S.) 
69, Branch, -69-72. See "Hallack's Hist, of South Church of New 
Haven." 

New Hempstead, now Clarkstown, N.Y. 

New Holland, same as Noord Holland or North Holland. 

New Holland, Englewood, Col., 1906. Classical Missionary. Dropped 1910. 

New Holland, Alderson, Alta, Canada, 1914. (Carlstadt). Supplies, 1914- 
21, Vander Schoor, Cor. 1921 

New Hurley, Wallkill, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1770. Goetschius, S. 1775-96, 
Meyer, J. H. 1799-1803, Froeligh. P. D. 1807-16, Bogardus. W. R. 17-28, 
Venderveer, F. H. 29-39, Demarest, Wm. 40-5, Slingerland, 46-54, Com- 
fort, 54-71, Beattie, R. H. 72-84, Gillespie. 85-8, Scarlett, G. H. 88-95, 
Thurston, 1895-1903, Shield, F. K. 1904-1906, Berger, A. L. G. 
1907-1910, DeKraker, J. J. 1911-1912, Dangermond, G. C. 1913-1916, 
Scholten, G. B. 1916— — . See "Comfort's Hist. Discourse." 1870. Also 
"Ch. Int.," May 18, 1898. 

New Hyde Park, Queens Co.. N.Y., 1893. Hieber, L. 93-5, Van Gieson, 
D. E. (S.S.) 95-8, various supplies, 1898-1915, MacNeil, Wm. N. 1915- 
1918, Van Antwerpen, A. E. 1918-1920, Smith, B. Milton, 1920-21. 

New Kirk, (formerly New Orange), Hospers, Sioux Co., la., 1883. Dyk- 
stra, L. 83-6, Van den Berg, 88-91, Lumkes, 93-1900, Van Duine, 1900- 
1904, Heemstra, J. F. 1904-1906, Schuurmans, H. P. 1906-1910, Douw- 
stra, R. D. 1910-1919, Veldman, H. J. 1919-21. 

New Lots, 1824, see N.Y.C, Borough of Brooklyn. 

New Millstone, 1766, same as Hillsborough and Millstone, N.J. 

New Orange, 1883, see New Kirk, la. 

New Paltz, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1683. Originally French Ref.; Daille sup- 
plied occasionally, 1683-96, Bonrepos, 1696-1700, (supplied chiefly by 
ministers from Kingston, 1700-1727). Van Driessen. J. supplied, 1727- 
36, again, 1751, Schunema, 1753-4, Chalker, 1760?, Goetschius, J. M. 
1760-71, Goetschius, S. 1775-96, Meyer, J. H. 1799-1803, Froeligh, P. D. 
1807-16, Bogardus, W. R. 17-31, Van Olinda, 32-44, Vandervoort, 45-8, 
Stitt, 48-65, Peltz, 65-81, Vennema, A. 82-6, Huizinga, A. H. 86-94, 
Fagg, 94-5, Oggel, E. C. 1896-1908, Bush, B. J. 1909-1913, Oggel, V. 
M. 1914-1918, Clapp, E. 1918 . See "Stitt's Hist."; "Ser. Centen- 
nial Discs." 261-2; "Du Bois Reunion"; "Peltz's Ser. at 200th Anni- 
versary of the Town," Dec, 1877. The French language was used until 
1733; then the Dutch until 1800, then the English. 



THE CHURCHES 67I 

New Paltz 2nd, (Conferentie), 1752. See Marbletown. Vrooman, 1753-4. 
Van Nest, R. 1774-78, reunited to the old church of New Paltz. 

New Paltz, see Guilford. 

New Prospect, Pine Bush, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1815. Wilson, A. D. 16-29, 
Shimeall, 29-31, Ward, J. W. 32-7, Demarest, J. T. 37-49, Moore, W. S. 
50-6, Hamilton, 57-63, Connitt, 66-70, Demarest, J. T. 73-85, Moflfett, 
1885-1905, Post, H. K. 1906-1910, Martine, A. I. 1911-1916, Van Strien, 
J. J. 1917-22. 

New Rhinebeck, after 1800 Lawyersville. 

[New Rochelle, Westchester Co., N.Y., 1688. At times, a part of the Parish 
of Fordham. (French Ref.). Bonrepos, 1688-96, Bondet, 1696-1709, 
when he seceded with a portion of his flock, and formed an Episcopal 
congregation, Rou, 1710-50, Moulinars, (colleague of Rou), 1718-26, 
and apparently sole acting pastor, 1726-41, Carle, 1754-64, Tetard, 
1764-6. This church was reorganized and incorporated, in 1808, as 
"The French Church in New Rochelle," and is now a Presbyterian 
church. "Baird's Hist, of the Huguenot Emigration to America." 
See also "Doc. Hist. N.Y." iii. 82, 562-577, 708. (Of the seceding 
Episcopal congregation, Bondet continued pastor, 1709-22, and was suc- 
ceeded by Stoupe, 1723-60, and Houdin, 1760-8). See a "Description 
of New Rochelle, in 1727," by Rev. Pierre Stoupe, in "Waldron," 

P- 34]- 

New Rochelle, (Ger.), 1858. 

New Salem, Clarksville, Voorheesville, Albany Co., N.Y., 1785. Van Huy- 
sen, 1793-1824, Blair, Miss, to, 25, Dumont, Miss, to, 26, Boice, I. C. 
26-9, Fort, 29-36, Westfall, S. V. E. 37-47, Van Santvoord, S. (S.S.) 
43-4, Middlemas, 54-5, Lansing, A. G. 58-61, Slauson, 62-6, Kershow, 
67-72, Pearse, Nic. 73-7, Lansing. A. G. 78-85, Williams, D. H. 86-7, 
McCardle, 89-92, Morton, T. 92-3, Van Burk, 93-4, Greene, E. J. 94-6, 
Van Haagen, (S.S.) 97-8, Van Doren, D. K. 1900-1902, Tyndall, S. 
G. 1903-1908, Westveer, A. 1909-1911, Dyke, J. (S.S.) 1912-1914, Steke- 
tee, J. B. 1915-1918. 

New Scotland, N.Y., see Union, Albany Co., N.Y. 

New Shannock, same as Neshanic, N.J. 

New Sharon, 1894, see Bethlehem, la. 

New Sharon, la., 191 1. Vis, Jean, A. 1913-1917, Huibregtse, Ed. 1917-1919. 

New Stissing, see Taghkanick and Gallatin. N.Y. 

Newton, Erie, Fenton, 111. (Zion), 1909. Bosch, G. 1909-1912, Gruys, 
W. S. 1913-1916, Vander Woude, B. T. 1916-1919, Vander Ploeg, H. 
1919 

Newtown, Elmhurst, 1731, see N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 

Newtown, 2d, 1855, see N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 

Newtown, N.Y. (CI. of Rensselaer) 1803. 

New Utrecht, 1677, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

New York Avenue, see Newark. 

New York City, N.Y., churches in : 

These will be distributed according to the Five Boroughs into which 
the Greater New York is divided, as follows : 

L The Borough of Manhattan : the old city. 

n. The Borough of the Bronx : north of the Harlem River. 

HL The Borough of Brooklyn : Kings Co. 

IV. The Borough of Queens : Queens Co. 

V. The Borough of Richmond: Staten Island. 

I. NEW YORK CITY — THE BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN — COLLEGIATE CHURCH. 

J. New York, (formerly New Amsterdam), 1628. Known as the 
Collegiate Church. Worship has been conducted in many differ- 
ent buil^lings, as follows : 



6/2 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

(i). Over a Horse-Mill, "The Mill Loft," 1626-33, situated at what 
is now about 20 and 22 South William st., between Stone and 
Beaver sts. Services by Comforters of the Sick, 1626-33. Also 
by Rev. Jonas Michaelius, Ap. 1628-1631. 

For Michaelius's famous letter, see fac-simile and translation 
in "Collegiate Church Year Book," 1896, pp. 298-308. The orig- 
inal Dutch will be found in print in "Ecclesisatical Records of 
New York," 1901, Vol. i. pp. 48-68. For further facts and sug- 
gestions about him, see Michaelius in this work, and also pp. 68- 
118 in "Ecc. Records" above referred to. For location of "The 
Mill Loft" Church, see "Collegiate Church Year Book," 1895, pp. 
135-8. Sixteen large Belgian millstones were found on the 
spot. For an account of the Comforters of the Sick, and first 
Consistory, "Year Book," 1897, 480-8; also "Ecc. Records N.Y." 
i. pp. 43-47. 

(2). In a plain frame building at about 33-35 Pearl st., 1633-42. Bo- ' 
gardus, Evarardus, 1633-42. See "Year Book," 1895, 138-9, and 
"Ecc. Records of N.Y." i. 85, etc. 

(3). In Fort Amsterdam, standing at the lower end of Broadway, 
1642-93. Called the Church of St. Nicholas. Bogardus, E. 1642- 
7, Backerus, J. 1647-9, Megapolensis, J. 1649-70, Drisius, 1652-73, 
Megapolensis, S. 1664-8, Van Nieuwenhuysen, 1671-82, Selyns, 
1682-93, when a new church building was erected in Garden st. 
The "Chwrch in the Fort" was then repaired, and used by "The 
Church of England," as a second place of worship, besides their 
"Trinity Church," until 1741, when it was burned. 

(4). Stuyvesant's Chapel, 1660-87. Supplied by Selyns, (then of 
Brooklyn), 1660-4, Megapolensis, S. 1664-8. Governor Stuy- 
vesant died in Feb., 1672, and was buried in a vault near this 
Chapel. His widow died in 1687, and by will, left this Chapel 
and its grounds and vault to the Collegiate Church, to dispose of 
as they saw fit, provided the vault was preserved. No further 
Dutch services seem to have been held at this place. Two or 
three generations later the Stuyvesants are found in the Episcopal 
Church, and a great-grandson of the old Director proposed the 
restoration of worship on this site by the Episcopalians. In ac- 
cordance with this suggestion, St. Mark's Church was established 
on 8th St. near 2d Ave. in 1799. See "Memorial of St. Mark's 
Church in the Bowery," 1899, pp. 109, no. Also "Ecc. Records 
of N.Y." i. pp. 488-492. 

(5). Garden street, (now about 41-51 Exchange Place), 1693-1812. 
Selyns, 1693-1701, Du Bois, G. 1699-1751, Boel, i7i3-54- After 
the building of the Cedar st. church, 1729, the ministers generally 
preached in rotation in the different buildings, (as is still done 
in Amsterdam, and, probably, other cities in Holland), until 1871. 
See list of names, in full, at the close of this article on Collegiate 
Church. After 1731, this Garden st. building was called "The 
South Church." In 1807 it was rebuilt; and in 1812, it separated 
from the Collegiate Church, but was still known as "The South 
Dutch." See Church No. 12. 

The records of this church were in possession of Mr. Sloan, 
Vice-President of the Farmers' Loan and Trust Co.. N.Y.C. For 
Baptismal Bowl, see Year Book, 1895, 140. For first organ, see 
Year Book, 1880, 52. 

(6). Nassau street, between Liberty and Cedar, 1729-1844. The min- 
isters preached in rotation in this building, during its whole ex- 
istence as a church. After 1769, when the Fulton st. church was 
built, the Cedar st. church became known as "The Middle Dutch 



THE CHURCHES 673 

Church." In 1844 this building was leased to the United States 
for the City Postoffice. At the close of the last religious service 
in the building, Dr. Thomas De Witt pronounced the Benediction, 
in Dutch. It was used for the City Postoffice until 1875, when 
the Postoffice was built in the City Hall Park. In 1861 the title 
to the whole property was transferred to the United States. See 
"Church Year Book," 1883, pages 70-86, 1886, 62. 
(7). Fulton street, corner of William street, 1769-1875. This church 
faced on William St., and the lot extended from Fulton to Ann 
St. It was known as "The North Dutch Church" during its 
whole existence. It was built especially for services in the Eng- 
lish language. Hence the preaching of the ministers in rotation 
did not prevail in this church-building until English entirely 
superseded Dutch. Ministers: Laidlie, 1769-76, Livingston, J. H. 
1770-76, again 1783-1810, Linn. 1786-1805; about which time the 
rotation of ministers began also in this building. The building 
was used for military purposes by the British during the Revo- 
lution. It was in the Consistory-room in a three-story building 
directly in the rear of this church, (entrance at 103 Fulton st.), 
that the Fulton street Prayer Meeting was started in 1857. See 
North Church Chapel (c). Year Book, 1881, 72. 
(8). Ninth street, 1836-55. This church was built in 1831 ; used as one 
of the Collegiate churches, 1836-55; from 1855-61, it was again 
a separate church, called the Central Church. See Church 
No. 20. 
(9). Lafayette Place, corner of Fourth street, 1839-87. Known after 
1854 as "The Middle Dutch Church." Supplied by the Collegiate 
ministers in rotation, 1839-71. Chambers, T. W. 1871-92, the 
system of rotation having been given up in 1871. Assistants: 
De Vries, H." 1882-4, Taylor, L. L. 84-7, Cotton, 88-91.— See 
"Chambers' Hist. Sermon," 1887. This church was taken down 
in 1887, and until the erection of the Second Avenue Church in 
1892, (see church No. (12) ) this congregation worshipped at 19 
Lafayette Place. Year Book, 1887, 71. 
(10). Fifth Avenue and Twenty-ninth St., 1854. This building has 
become popularly known as "The Marble Church." Supplied by 
Collegiate Ministers in rotation, 1854-71. — Ormiston, 1871-88, 

Burrell, D. J. 1891 . Pohling, D. A., Associate Preacher 

1920 . Assistants: Hulbert, P. S. 1892-4, Myers, A. E. 1893- 

1915, Clark, J. L. 1895-7, Bradshaw, 1897-1903, Mohn, O. L. F. 
1904-1906, Allen, J. S. 1906-1911, Milliken, P. H. 1910-1917, Rice, 

Wm. 1916, Barnhill, O. P. 1916 . Dailey, W. N. P. 1918-1919. 

(11). Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street, 1872. (The Chapel 
in the rear of this Church was erected in 1866). In July, 1869, the 
corner-stone of the church was laid. The church was dedicated 
in 1872. From 1866-71, the Collegiate ministers officiated in this 
Chapel, in rotation. See "Year Book," 1893, page 30. Ludlow, 
Jas. M. 1872-7, Coe, E. B. 1879-99, when he was constituted 
Senior Minister, 1899-1914, Mackay, D. S. 1899-1908, MacLeod, 

M. J. 1910 . Assistants: Ingham, J. A. 1892-3, Laidlaw, 

W. 93-5, Farr, J. M. 95-6, Hageman, A. 1899-1909, (Harvey 
Clements, 1910, Pres.), Mabon, A. F. 1910-1918, Courtney, R. W. 

1918 

(12). Second Avenue and Seventh St., 1892. Continuation of the 
Middle Dutch Church, No. (9). Hutchins, J. 1892-5, Fagg, J. G. 

1895-1917. Romig, E. F., assistant, 1918-1922, Pastor, 1922 . 

Assistants: Davis, C. E. 92-3, Niles, 98-1901, Meury, E. G. W. 



674 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1901-1903, Decker, F. 1903-1904. Year Book 1892, 102, 1893, 127, 

1894, 468. 

(13). West End Avenue and Seventy-seventh St., 1892. Cobb, H. E. 

1893 . Assistants : Case, C. P. 1900-1, Weber, H. C. 1902-1906, 

Nichols, T. M. B. 1909-21, McMurray, N. 1921 . Year Book,. 

1892, no, 1893, 148, 1894, 143. 

(14). University Heights, West 181 st st., 1895-1900. In the Borough 
of the Bronx. Services held in the Chapel of the University of 
the City of New York. Schenck, F. S. 1897-99. Services were 
discontinued here in 1900. See "Collegiate Church Year Book," 

1895, 91 ; 1896, 238; 1897, 407. 

(15). Fort Washington, Fort Washington Ave. and i8ist St., 1909. 

Muste, Ab. J. 1909-1914, Berg, I. H. 1917 . Asisstant : Gouw- 

ens, T. E. 1913-1915, (Cross, C. W. 1919-21), Searle, R. W. 1921. 
(16). Bethany Memorial, ist Ave. and 67th St., 1898. Came under the 

care of the Collegiate Church in 1917. Churchman, A. B. 1904 . 

See Bethany Memorial, No. 60. 

CHAPELS OF THE COLLEGIATE CHURCH. 

(a). De Witt Chapel, 1861-95. (160 West 29th st.). Clark, W. H. 65- 
9, Bertholf, 70-83, Mandeville, G. H. 83-5, Junor, K. F. 86-95, 
when this chapel was merged in the 34th st. church. See Chapel 
(f.). 

(b). Knox Memorial Chapel, 1866. (At 514 Ninth Av. until 1898; 
then at 405-9 West 41st st.). Supplied by students and others: 
Merritt. W., Anderson, W. H., Jones, T. W., Shaw, J. F. Griffis, 
W. E. May-Nov., 1870; pastors: DeHart, W. H., 71-7, Thomp- 
son, Ab. 77-86. Kommers, T. J. 86-8, Vaughan, Wm. 1888-1902, 
Meury, E. G. W. 1903 

(c). North Church Chapel, 1869. (113 Fulton st.). McNair, J. L. 
68-71, Plumley, G. S. 76-8, Park, A. J. 78-82, See, J. L. 82-4, Ten 
Eyck. W. H. 84-5. — The Fulton st. Prayer Meeting was started in 
the Consistory Room of the Fulton st. Church, (103 Fulton st.) 
in 1857, and was under the charge of Jeremiah C. Lanphier, 1857- 
93, and of C. F. Cutter, 1893-1902, Jacobs, F. H. 1902-1910, Dow- 

kontt, G. H. 191 1 . The Fulton st. Church was taken down 

in 1875. Meanwhile, in 1869, the Consistory had built a chapel 
at 113 Fulton st. for the Fulton st. Prayer Meeting, and employed 
the services of laymen as conductors of the same, and as mission- 
aries in that part of the city. 

(d). Seventh Avenue Chapel, 1869-85. (Corner of 54th st.). Clark, 
W. H. 69-72, Carroll, V. B. 73-7, Shaw, A. 77-9, Duryee, Jos. R. 
79-85. when this chapel was organized into "The Grace Reformed 
Church," No. 52, which see. 

(e). Vermilye Chapel. 189c. (416 West 54th st.). Under charge of a 
Superintendent, M. Austin, 92-5; pastors: Bradshaw, A. H. 95-7, 
Rowland, S. W. 97-1900, Ackert, W. R. 1901 

(f). Thirty-fourth St. Church, 1895. (The 34th st. church and 
the DeWitt Chapel were united in 1895). Stryker. P. 1895-6, 
Junor, K. F. 95-8, Elliott, J. H. 1898-1904, Courtney, R. W. 1904- 
1918. Assistants: Courtney, R. W. 1902-1904. Discontinued 1920. 

(g). Sunshine Chapel, 550 West 40th St. Organized 1896, adopted by 
Collegiate Church, 1899. Bradshaw, A. H. 1899-1903, Murphy. 
H. W. 1904 

(h). Faith Mission, 239 West 69th St., 1903. Ackert, 1903-1914, De- 
Boer, J. A. 1914-1917, Ackert, 1918-1921, (Johnson, 1921 ). 



THE CHURCHES 675 

The following is a list of all the ministers of the Collegiate Church 
together, whether serving in one particular church, or, as was the case 
generally, from 1729-1871, in rotation: 

Ministers of the Collegiate Church: Michaelius, 1628-1632, Bogardus, 
E. 1633-47, Backerus, 1647-9, Megapolensis, J. 1649-70, (Selyns of Brook- 
lyn, at the Governor's Bowery, 1660-4). Drisius, 1652-73, Megapolensis, 
S. 1664-8, (supplied by Luyck, 1671), Van Niewenhuysen, 1671-82, Selyns, 
1682-1701, DuBois, Gaultcrus, 1699-1751, Bocl, 1713-54, Ritzema, 1744-84, 
De Ronde, 1751-84, Laidlie, 1764-79, Livingston, J. H. 1770-1810, Linn, 1786- 
1805, Kuypers, G. A. 1789-1833, Abeel, J. N. 1795-1812, Schurcman, 1809-12, 
Brodhead, 1809-13, Milledoler, 1813-25, Knox, 1816-58, Strong, P. N. 1816- 
25, Brownlee, 1826-60, De Witt, T. 1827-74, Vermilye, T. E. 1839-93, Cham- 
bers, 1849-96, Duryea, Jos. T. 1862-7, Ludlow, Jas. M. 1868-77, Ormiston, 

1870-88, Coe, E. B. 1879-1914, Burrell, D. J. 1891 . Mackay, D. S. 

1899-1908, Cobb, H. E. 1903 , Fagg, J. G. 1903-1917, MacLeod, M. J. 

1910 . Berg, L H. 191 7— — . Romig, E. F. 1922 . Associate 

Preacher, Pohling, D. A. 1920 . 

Assistant Ministers of the Collegiate Church, (see "Year Book," 1893, 
p. 117) : Hutchins, John, 1892-5, Cobb, H. E. 1893-1903, Fagg, J. G. 1896- 
1903, Schenck, F. S. 1897-9, Romig, E. F. 1918-22. 

The names of other clergy officiating will be found under the names of 
the buildings in which they served. 

See "Greenleaf's Hist, of the Churches of New York." — "Valentine's 
Manuals N.Y. ' "Gen. and Biog. Rec." — "Doc. Hist." iii. 69, ^2, 74, 241- 
324, 576, 712. "Col. Hist." i. 299; ii. 440, 441, 705, 730; iii. 311, 415, 608; 
iv. 400, 620 ; ix. 548. See "Amsterdam Correspondence," which is volumin- 
ous. It is accessible in the "Ecc. Rec. of the State of N.Y." 

"Minutes of Church, 1639 to present time." "Dr. Thomas De Witt's 
Hist. Disc." 1856, with Brodhead's notes. "Centennial of North Dutch 
Church," 1869. Chambers.' "Recalling the Past." "Brodhead's N.Y." The 
Several Histories of the City of N.Y., as Mary Booth's, Mrs. Lamb's. Mrs. 
Van Rensselaer's. "Smith's Hist. N.Y." "Gunn's Memoir of Dr. J. H. 
Livingston;" "Sedgewick's Life of Hon. Wm! Livingston." "Mag. R.D.C." 
iii. 52. "Jas. Grant Wilson's Memorial Hist, of New York." — "Am. Ch. 
Hist. Series." Vol. viii., for much material relating to early history of Col- 
legiate Church, and the origin of its charter, 1895. Dr. E. B. Coe's Address 
at Bicentennial of the Charter of the Church, 1896. Rev. Dr. Van Pelt's 
"History of Greater New York." "Ecc. Rec. N.Y.," 7 vols. See also the 
"Memorials" of the ministers under their respective names, and their Bib- 
liography. The "Year Books" of the Collegiate Church published regularly 
from 1880. These contain much historical material. 

A history of the Collegiate Church of New York compiled from orig- 
inal documents by C. E. Corwin, is now in manuscript in the possession 
of the church. 

NEW YORK CITY — BOROUGH OF MANHATTAN. 
ALL CHURCHES ARRANGED IN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER. 

2. Harlem, (Third Av. and 121st St.), 1660. Supplied by ministers 
from New York, generally, 1660-1744. (Beys, Henricus, 1710- 
12, as an Episcopalian). Ritzema, 1744-65, Schoomaker, M. 1765- 
84, Jackson, J. F. 1792-1806, Romeyn, Jer. 1807-14, Vermeule, 
16-36, Schoonmaker, R. L. 37-47, Lord, Jer. 48-69, Mandeville. 
G. H. 69-81, Smyth, 81-91. 

From 1886 to 191 1 the Church was called the Harlem Collegiate 
Church. (1) Third Ave. and 121st Street. (2) Lenox Ave. 
Pastors, Elmendorf, J. 1886-1908, Harsha, 92-99, Tilton, E. 1898- 
191 1, Ralston, 1900-1903, Dickhaut, B. E. 1903-1909, Fellstrom, A. 
A. (S.S.) 1909-1912. 



6/6 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

In 191 1 the name "Collegiate" was dropped, and the old name 
"Reformed Church of Harlem" revived. This name was applied 
to the Church at Lenox Ave. and 123d Street. In honor of Rev. 
Dr. J. Elmendorf, the church at 121st was designated "The 
Elmendorf Chapel." 

(i). Reformed Church of Harlem (Lenox Ave.). Tilton, E. 191 1 

(2). Elmendorf Chapel (121st St.). Decker, Floyd 1912-1918, Pfan- 
stiehl, 1921 . See "Mandeville's Golden Memories." 

3. French Reformed, 1688, in the Fort. 

[French services had been occasionally held in the city from the first 
settlement of the colony. One half of the 50 communicants in 1628 were 
Walloons. Additional French Protestants soon settled on Staten Island 
and Long Island, and at first attended occasional French services in the 
city. After 1638 there was a notable increase of French immigrants, 
through the influence of the Bayards, and a French Club was organized 
in the city. Between 1648-58 the French population was largely aug- 
mented, many Waldenses being among them. Between 1650-70, large num- 
bers of French and Walloons settled in Ulster Co., N.Y., while many 
located on Staten Island, at New Utrecht, Bushwick, Flushing, Bedford 
and Harlem. From the latter place a colony went to Hackensack m 1677]. 

These scattered French settlers were supplied occasionally either in the 
Dutch church in New York or in their own settlements, by Michaelius, 
1628, Drisius, 1652-73, perhaps by Carpentier, 1657-84, Zyperius, 1659-63, 
perhaps by Carre, of Rhode Island, 1687, and by Daille. 1682-96. But 
under the Catholic Governor, Dougan, 1683-88, with his Roman chapel in 
the Fort, and priests, the French exiles for conscience sake felt uncom- 
fortable. The persecutions in France before the Revocation of the Edxt 
of Nantes, 1685, had already sent numbers of Huguenots to New York, 
and still larger numbers came after that decree. These were organized 
into a church in Marketfield st. in 1688, and the earlier French, who had 
worshipped in the Fort, now merged themselves in this new French church 
organized by pastor Peiret. 

Pastors: Daille, 1683-6, but after 1692 itinerating generally among the 
French churches in the country; Peiret, 1686-1704; (new church building, 
1704-1831, at corner of Pine and Nassau streets) ; Laborei, 1704-6, Bon- 
repos, David 1706-10, Rou, 1710-50, Moulinars, 1718-26, Mayor, 1752-4, 
Carle, Jean 1754-64; (in 1764, this church refused to conform to the 
Church of England. In 1755, it adopted the later version of 1724, of the 
French Bible. — "The Holy Bible of Geneva, with Reflections." In 1763, 
it adopted a new version of the French Psalms. In 1763 a charter was 
applied for, but without success) ; Tetard, 1764-7, Kettletas, 1766-76, de 
Martel, 1770-1 ; (church closed, 1776-96) ; Duby, supply, 1796-7, Albert, 
1797-1804, when it became Episcopalian. — See "Collections of French 
Huguenot Society," Vol. i. 

4. [Garden st., 1693. See Collegiate Churches, No. (5) ]. 

5. [Cedar st., 1729. See Collegiate Churches, No. (6) ]. 

6. German Reformed, Sixty-eighth st., 1758. (In Nassau st., between 

Maiden Lane and John St., 1758-1822). Rosenkrantz, 1758-9, Kails, 
1759-60, Rothenbergler, (or Rothenbiiler), 1761-2; (joined R.D. 
Church, 1763) ; Kern, 1763-72, Foering, 1772-4, Gerhard. 1774-6, 
(Revolution) Gros, 1783-95, Milledoler, 1795-1800, Will, 1802, 
Runkle, 1805-12, Dreyer, 1812-14, (Smith, 1812-14, probably over 
a faction), Labagh, Isaac, 1814-22; (at 19-21 Forsyth st., 1822- 
61) ; Knouse, 1823-7, Mills, 1823-33, (Lewis Smith, a Lutheran, 
1833-8), Rudy, Miss, to, 1835-8, Ebaugh, (S.S.) 1838-9; again, 
1844-51 ; (again, claiming to be the pastor, but without much 
following, 1857-67; in 1861, removed to 147-153 Norfolk st.) ; 



THE CHURCHES 677 

Friedel, 1866-74, Neef, 1875-82, Hager, A. H. 1883-4, Erhardt, 

1884-94, Schlegel, Chs. 1896-1905, Jaeger, Julius 1906- . (In 

1897, removed to 68th st. between ist and 2d avs. 
Note. — From 1823-38 this church tried to claim independence of Classis. 
In 1846 the Civil Court declared the church defunct, but this does not 
seem to have been the case. In 1852 the Classis of New York declared 
the church defunct ; and in the same year, the German Evangelical 3d was 
organized ; but exceedingly complex legal difficulties ensued. This church 
also claimed to be a part of the Collegiate Church, but the Collegiate 
Church denied this, in their answer in the Marselus suit, in 1851. 

In 1850-1, Ebaugh's church (see his name), is said to have been in 17th 
St. ("Mints. Gen. Syn.," 1850, 43; 1851, 150) ; but in 1852, the simple name 
"Ger. Refd. Ch." occurs in the "Minutes of Gen. Syn.," but without loca- 
tion, and Ebaugh's name is omitted. In 1853, 357, the name "Ger. Refd. 
Ch." is omitted from its proper place, and a new name, "3d Ger. Refd. 
Prot. Dutch Ch." is placed at the end of the list, but without a pastor. 
In 1854, C. Dickhaut appears as pastor, but in 1855 and 1856, it is vacant. 
But Ebaugh's name appears in 1856, as pastor of a "4th Ger. Ch.," but 
this is now in the South Classis of New York. In 1857, Friedel's name 
appears as pastor of the "3d Ger. Ch." in the South Classis of N.Y., and 
Ebaugh's name is placed as pastor, simply, of a "Refd. Ger. Ch.," but no 
statistics are given from 1859 to 1867, when the name of "Ebaugh" and 
his "Ger. Refd. Ch." both finally disappear from the statistical tables. 

In the meantime Friedel had continued as pastor of the so-called "3d 
Ger. Ch.," 1856-66, when this name is dropped, and thenceforth, Friedel 
appears as pastor of the "Ger. Refd. Prot. Dutch Ch." 1866-74. — This 
Norfolk St. church, (now 68th st.) claims to be the continuation of the 
original German church of 1758. Without a definite opinion, the pastors' 
names given above, are arranged on that basis. 

See "Reports of the Civil Suits." — "Mints, of Classis of New York," 
and of South Classis of N.Y. — "A Vindication and Defence of the Ger. 
Refd. Ch. and its Pastor," by Ebaugh, 1851 ; with an Appendix of 30 
pages. — "On the Other Side : a True Report of the Last Trial of Rev. 
John S. Ebaugh, etc., in the Classis of N.Y.," 1852. Published anonymously 
(but known to be by Rev. W. R. Gordon). — Also "Protest of the Con- 
sistory of Ger. Refd. Ch. as Appellants, to the Particular Synod of New 
York, vs. the Classis of N.Y.," 1852. — For origin of this church, see "Mints, 
of Collegiate Ch. of N.Y.," 1758, p. 273, of Dr. Chambers' English Trans- 
laton. — Also Dedication Souvenir of Ger. Refd. Prot. Ch. of 68th st.. 1898. 
There is a brief sketch in "Ch. Int.," but not very accurate, 1893, Feb. 23d. 
There is a tablet in the wall to Baron Steuben, of Revolutionary fame. 
The original John Jacob Astor was one of the founders of this German 
Ch., 1758. 

7. [Fulton t. Church — the North Dutch, 1769. See Collegiate Churches, 

No. (7) ]. 

8. Greenwich, 1803. (Bleecker and Amos sts. until 1863; then in 46th 

St. near 6th av. until 1866). Rowan, 1807-19. Hardenbergh, C. 
1820-1. Marselus. 1822-58, Van Arsdale, C. C. 1852-4. Marvin, 
1855-8, Strong, T. C. 1859-66. "Mag. R.D.C." ii. 319. 

9. Bloomingdale, 1805. West Seventy-first St.. now on Boulevard. 

Bogart, D. S. 1806-7. Gunn, 1809-29, Kip, F. M. 30-1, supplied by 
Labagh, I. P. 31-2, Burtiss, 34, Van Aken, E. 35-85. Martyn, 83- 
90, Peters. 90-1900, Stinson, 1900-1911, Ketchum, W. W. 1912- 
1913. Disbanded 1913. 

10. Madison Av. cor. of 57th st., 1808. (Formerly called the North- 

west Church ; located in Franklin st. near West Broadway, until 
1854; then in 23rd st. between 6th and 7th avs. until 1871). Bork, 
1808-23, Du Bois, G. 24-37, Hunt, 37-9, supplied by Harkness, 40, 



6/8 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Hardenbergh, J. B. 40-56, Ganse, 56-75, Lloyd, W. S. (S.S.) 
77-8. Reed, E. 78-86, Kittridge, 1886-1906, P.Em. 1906-1912, Car- 
ter, Wm. 1906-1912, Churchman, A. B., acting pastor, 1912-1918. 
Church disbanded 1918. Assistants: Street, Wm. D. 1898-1901, 
Churchman, A. B. 1903-1904, Forbush, Wm. B. 1904-1906. "Mag. 
R.D.C." ii. 212. — Reed's Sermon, 1878, on "Manly Christianity," 
contains a brief sketch of this church. 

11. Market St., 1810. McMurray, 20-35, Ferris, I. 36-52, Cuyler, T. L. 

54-9, Murray, 61-3, Dutcher, 63-6. Dissolved, 1869. 

12. South Dutch, 1812. [245 Madison Av. cor. of 38th St. — Withdrew 

from the Collegiate connection in 1812. In Garden st. till 1835, 
when the building was burned in the great fire. In 1837 the 
church divided into Murray st., 1837-48, and Washington Square, 
(No. 25), 1837-76]. In 1848 this church removed to 5th av. and 
2ist St., and subsequently to its last site. Matthews, 1813-37, 
Hutton, M. S. 34-7, Macauley, J. M. 38-62, Rogers, E. P. 62-81,' 
Terry, 1881-1904, Bridges, T. R. 1906-1914. Disbanded 1918. See 
Christ. Int., March 4, 1875. Historical Sketch of the South 
Church, 75th Anniversary, 1887. 
(i). Manor Chapel, 1866. 328 West 26th st. This chapel was started 
in 1855, and supported by several churches. In 1866 it was taken 
in charge by the South Dutch Ch. Pastors : Kiehle, David, 
Brooks, Elmore, Goodknight, 1875, Billingsley. 1880-1890, Palmer, 
James 1890-1914, Bolster, F. E. 1915-21. Gulick, C. W. 1921 

13. Seventh Av., 1823. (In Houston St., 1823-52. In 7th Av., 1852-9). 

Baldwin, Eli, 1825-39, De Mund, 39-48, Whitehead, 48-9, Gordon, 
W. R. 49-58. Dutcher, 1858-9, when church united with West 
Refd. D. Ch. on 6th Av. See Union, No. 40. For early history, 
see "Ch. Int.," Aug. 12, 1852. 

14. Thirty-fourth St. (No. 307), 1823. In Broome st.. 1823-60, when 

removed to 34th st.). McLean, 25-6, Brodhead. Jac. 26-37, Van 
Vranken, S. A. 37-41. Fisher, G. H. 41-55, Voorhees, H. V. 55-6, 
Stryker, Peter, 56-68, Riley, Is. 68-73, Martyn, Carlos, 76-83, 
Dickson, J. M. 83-9, Stryker, P. 89-1896, when this church united 
with the DeWitt Chapel, of the Collegiate Church. See (f), 
under Chapels of Collegiate Church. 

15. African Church, 1823, Duane St. Jordan, M. 1823-9. 

16. Bank St. (No. 21), 1823. (This is a Seceder Church, which was 

in King st., 1826-66, in Perry st., 1866-93, when it removed to 
Bank st.). Demarest, C. T. 1824-39, Westervelt, S. D. 39-51, 
Demarest, C. T. 52-62, Van Houten. A. 66-78. Westervelt, J. A. 
80-8, Iserman, H. 92-8. Van der Beek, S. I. (S.S.) 99-1901. 

17. Orchard St., 1826. Teller, 26-9, Abeel, D., supplied, 29, Harden- 

bergh, J. B. 29-3C, supplied by Janeway, J. J. 30-1, by Labagh, 
I. P. 31-2. 

[Rivington St. Station, 1827. Shimeall, missionary to, 1827-8]. 

[Yorkville Station 1827. Frey, Miss, to, 1827I. 

18. Manhattan, 1829 (71 Av. B.). Knouse, 29-33, Van Kleek, 35, 

Marcellus, 35-6, Cornell, F. F. 36-56, Collier, Ezra, 54-6, Wiggins, 
57-70, Cummings, 1870-2. 

19. Vandewater St., 1830. Dev, 1830-1. 

20. Ninth St.. 1831. Central Ch. Kip, F. M. 1831-6, (from 1836 to 55, 

belonged to Collegiate Ch.), Van Zandt, A. B. 1856-9. See Col- 
legiate Ch. (8). 

21. North St., 1833. How, S. B., Miss, to, 1828-9, Messier, Miss, to, 

1828-9. 

22. Fortieth Street, 1836. (In 21st st., 1836-69, on land given by Rev. 

John Frelinghuysen Jackson and family). May, E. H. 39-48, 
Van Nest, A. R. 48-62, Bethune, 59-62, Thompson, A. R. 62-73. 



THE CHURCHES 6/9 

23. [Ninth St., 1836-55. See Collegiate Ch. No. (8) ]. 

24. [Murray St., 1837. See South Dutch, No. 12]. 

25. Washington Square, 1837. (See South Dutch, No. 12). Mathews, 

37-42, Hutton, M. S. 1837-76. 

26. German Evangelical Mission, 1838. (141 East Houston). Rudy, 

39-42, Guldin, J. C. 42-63, Geyer, 1863-1911. 

In 191 1 united with the Zion German Presbyterian Church to 
form the Zion German Evangelical Church in the Bronx, which 
see No. 75. 

27. [La Fayette Place. Middle Church. 1839. See Collegiate Church, 

No. (9) ]. 
28 Washington Heights, 1843. Whitehead, Chas. 1854-62, Voorhees, 

H. M. 1862-5. 

29. Stanton St., 1843. Services at first on Broadway. Lillie. John 

1843-8. Became Presbvterian. 

30. Mt. Pleasant, (Fiftieth St.). 1846. Brett. P. M. 1846-51, Jameson, 

1852-62, Miller, W. H. 1862-3. See. I. M. 1864-7, disbanded. 

31. German Evangelical, 2d, 1848. (Grand st.). Steins, 1849, Birkey, 

1862-65, disbanded. 

32. West Reformed Dutch, 1850. (Sixth Av.). Cary, 1851, Mclvee, 

1852-8. In 1859, united with Seventh Av. ch. to form the "Union 
Church," No. 40, which see. 

33. Livingston Ch. (Eighth Av.). 1851. Lloyd. 1851-3. McGregor. 1855, 

Zabriskie, F. N. 1856-9, united with Thirty-fourth St.— See 
"Zabriskie's Hist, of." 

34. German Evangelical, 3d, 1852. Dickhaut. 1854. Friedel, 1856-75. 

35. Harlem, German, 1853. Bielfield. 1855. 

36. [Fifth Avenue and Twenty-ninth St., 1854. Marble Church. See 

Collegiate Church, No. (10) ]. 

37. German Evangelical, 4th, 1854. Schewdes. 1855, Ebaugh. 1856. 

Joined German R.C. 1866. 

38. Seventh Ave., 1857. German. 

39. German Reformed Dutch, 4th, 1858. (410 West 45th St.). Oerter, 

1858-1915, Nietzer, Chas. 1916-1918. Wirth, A. F. 1919 

40. Union, 1859, (No. 25 Sixth Av.). Formed by the union of the 

7th Av. Ch. No. 13, and the West, No. 32. Dutcher, 59-63, Hart- 
ley, 64-9, Danner, 70-3, Merritt, 73-9, Fairchild, 80-6, Jones, C. A. 
87-90, Meyers, H. V. S. 91-4, vacant, 1894-9, name dropped, 1900. 

41. Prospect Hill, i860. (First on 86th st. and 3d av. ; then on 85th 

St. and 2d av. ; after 1886, at Park av. and 89th st.). Quacken- 
bush, 1861-19C0; assistants, Myers, H. V. S., May-Oct.. 1870, 
Walser, 83-8, Folmsby, 93-6; Cox, H. M. 1901-1911. United 
with the South Church (No. 12), 191 1. 

42. North Trinity, 1861. (Corner of Broadway and Thirty-fourth St.). 

43. [DeWitt Chapel, 1861. See Collegiate Church Chapels, (a) ]. 

44. [Knox Memorial Chapel, 1866. See Collegiate Church Chapels, (b)]. 

45. Holland Church. 1866. (279 West nth st.). Utterwick 1866-9, 

Bechtold, 70-84, Warnshuis, J. W. 87-8, Ossewaarde, M. 91-3. 
Name of church dropped, 1897. This Holland church used the 
Lecture Rooms of Collegiate Churches, 1866-73. 

46. [Manor Chapel of the South Church, 1866. See South Church, 

No. 12 (i) ]. 

47. Forty-eighth St. Chapel, 1866-72. Supplied by the Collegiate minis- 

ters in rotation, 1866-71. See Collegiate Church, No. (11). 

48. [North Church Chapel, 1869. See Collegiate Church Chapels, (c)]. 

49. [Seventh Avenue Chapel, 1869. See (ToUegiate Church Chapels, 

(d) ]. 

50. [Fifth Avenue and Fortv-eighth St., 1872. See Collegiate Churches, 

No. (11) ]. 



68o THE REFORMED CHURCPI IN AMERICA 

51. Avenue B., cor. 5th st., 1874. (German). Steffens, 1876, Bantley, 

76-7, Schlegel, Jacob, 77-1909, Bruchlos, A. 1911-1913, Hahn, T. 
F. 1914-1916. Became German Evangelical, Manhattan, 1917. 
Consolidated with the German Evangelical, Brooklyn. (Trinity), 
1919, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. Wacker, G. G. 1917 

52. Grace Reformed, 1884. (Seventh Av. cor. 54th St. This was pre- 

viously the Seventh Av. Chapel of the Collegiate Church, 1869- 
84). Duryee, Jos. R. 1884-1921. Disbanded 1921. See "Col- 
legiate Ch. Yr. Bk.." 1886, 59. 

53. Yorkville, (Ger.), 1885. (84th st.). Goebel, G. A. T. 85-95. 

54. [Harlem 2d, (Lenox Av.), 1886. See Harlem]. 

55. Hamilton Grange, 1887. (Convent Av. and West 145th St.). 

Westerfield, 88-91, Morgan, J. F. 91-2, Chapin, 1892-1904, Dyke, 
C. P. 1904-1908, Payson, G. H. (S.S.) 1908, Dickhaut, B. E. 
(S.S.) 1909, Vander Meulen, J. M. 1909-1912, Leinbach, P. S. 
1913-1917, Dykstra, J. A. 1918-1919, Mabon, A. F. 1920 

56. [Vermilye Chapel, 1890. See Collegiate Church Chapels, (e) ]. 

57. [Second Avenue, Middle Church, 1892. See Collegiate Churches, 

(12) ]. 

58. [West End Avenue, 1892. See Collegiate Churches, (13) ]. 

59. [Thirty-fourth Street Church, 1895. See Collegiate Church Chap- 

els, (f) ]. 

60. [Bethany Memorial, ist Ave. and 67th St., 1898. Lansdaie, J. T. 

(S.S.) i8()7-i904. Churchman, A. B. 1904 . In 1917 this 

church came under the care of the Col. Ch. of N.Y. See Year 
Book, 1918, 850. See Collegiate Church (16) ]. 

61. [Sunshine Chapel, 1899, see Col. Ch. Chapel (g) ]. 

62. [Faith Mission, 1903, see Col. Ch. Chapels, (h) ]. 

63. Barren Island, 1910. Heinrich, J. (S.S.) 1912-1913, Meier, J. 1913- 

1916. 

64. Windsor Terrace, 1910. Milliken, P. H. (S.S.) 1911, Jackson, W. 

H. 1912-1913. 

65. [Elmendorf Chapel, 1911, see Harlem (2) ]. 

66. Waldensian Congregation, W. 41st St., 1919. Griglio, Pietro 1919- 

1020. Now vacant. 

Note : — Since the fourth edition of the Manual was published 
in 1902 several Reformed Churches on Manhattan Island have 
dissolved, and few new churches have been organized. The chief 
cause for this lack of growth is the remarkable change in pop- 
ulation, Jews and Roman Catholics taking the place of the old 
Protestant stock. Among them without an endowment a church 
must lapse. The number of communicants in the Reformed 
Churches of Manhattan remains about the same. 

II. NEW YORK CITY— BOROUGH OF THE BRONX. 

67. Fordham, May 11, 1696. Montaigne, 1696-.., Tetard, 1712-44, 

Ritzema, 1744-70, reorganized, 1802; Jackson, J. F. 1819-36, Van 
Pelt, 37-47. Cahoone, 47-8, Bevier, 51-3, Beattie, Jas. 54-6, Bolton, 
56-65, Fehrman, 66-9, Brush. W. 69-74, Anderson, Wm. 76-87, 

Anderson, W. F. 81-93, Hodson, 1894 . "Doc. Hist." iii. 576. 

On Aug. 26, 1729, John Bussing contracted to complete the Fordham Ch. 
for £4.— "Eng. Transl. Mints. N.Y. Ch.," B. 86. "Bolton's Westchester," 
ii. 322, says that as early as 1671 the people of Fordham were obliged to 
contribute to the support of the Dutch Church at Fordham. — See "Dr. 
Thos. De Witt's Hist. Appendix to Dr. Dickerson's Dedicatory Ser.," 1849. 

68. West Farms, 1839. Supplied by Bourne, 39-42, Collins, B. V. 42-5, 

Simonson, 45-51, Burghardt, 52-5, Van Wyck. P. 56-67, Van 
Slyke, E. 67-71, Simonson, 71-81, Blair, H. P. 81-4, Bolton, 84-8, 



THE CHURCHES 68 1 

Andrews, L. C. 88-95, Peters, J. 96-7, Weber, H. C. 1898-1902, 
Hart, Wm. R. 1902-1916, Bolsterle, G. S. (S.S.) 1917, MacNeilU 
W. N. 1918 

69. Mott Haven, St. Paul's, 1851. (East 146th st.)- Van Doren, W. T. 

52-3, De Puv. 53-4, Enyard, 58-65, Du Bois, H. 66-87, Hooper, 
Feb.-Dec. 88^ Talmage, G. E. 90-8, Dobbs, (S.S.) 98-1900, pastor, 
1901-1908, Voorhees, O. M. 1909-1922. 

70. Melrose, 1854. (Elton Ave. and 157th St.). Schroepfer, 55- 

61, Dahlman, 61-3, Wagner, J. M. 63-6, Meury, John, 67-70, 
Windemuth, 70-6, Lang, J. E. 76-91, Miller, G. H. 1892-1919, 
Muller, G. C. 1919 . Ass., Muller, E. T. 1920. 

71. Union, High Bridge, 1874. (Woodycrest Av.). DuBois, H. (S.S) 

74-84, Martin, D. H. 84-90, Cox, H. M. 90-9, Voorhees, J. B. 
1899-1907, Blocker, S. 1908-191^, Verwey, D. G. 1916 

72. Anderson Memorial of Belmont, 1893. Giffin, J. 93, Frazee, A. D. 

D. 94-5. Gasten. Jos. 95-6, Watson, C. S. (S.S.) 96-7. Perry, 
W. D. (S.S.) 97-8, Hunter, Jas. 1898-1908, Parker, A. F. 1909- 

1912, Bolsterle, G. S. 1913-1916, DeBoer, J. A. 1917 

7Z. Church of the Comforter, 1894. (i62d St., near Morris Av.). 
Myers, H. V. S. 1894-1903, Lyle, J. N. (S.S.) 1904, Decker, F. 
1904-1912, Pleune, P. H. 1912-1916, Irish, E. B. 1916-1918, Mac- 
Cready, R. H. 1919-1921, Irish, E. B. 1921 

74. [University Heights, 1895. See Collegiate Church, N.Y.C., No. 

(14) ]•' 

75. Zion German Evangelical, 191 1. (Second St., Boston Road, Steb- 

bins Ave.). Formed by the union of the German Evangelical 
Alission with the Zion German Presbyterian Church in the Bronx, 
in 191 1, (ieyer, J. W. 1911-1914, Hahn, A. F. 1914 

III. NEW YORK CITY — BOROUGH OF BROOKLYN. 

76. Flatbush, (Midwooit), L.I., 1654. Polhemus, J. T. 1654-/6, (as- 

sisted by Megapolensis, J. 1664-9), Van Zuuren, 1677-85. (Clark, 
Jas. 1685-95,) ? Varick, 1685-95. Lupardus, 1695-1702, Freeman, 
1705-41, Antonides, 1706-44, Arondeus, 174-2-7. 'Van Sinderin, 
1746-84, Curtenius, 1755-6, Rubel, 1759-83, Schoonmaker. M. 
1784-1824, Lowe, 1787-1818, Monteith, 19-20, Strong, T. M. 22-61, 
assistant, R. G. Strong, 58-60, Wells, C. 1861-1904, Lloyd, J. E. 

1906-1916, Berg, J. F. 1917 . "Strong's Hist, of Flatbush." 

(i). Grace Chapel, 1871. Strong, R. G. 71-3, Wright, C. S. 77- 
83, Hansen, 83-6, Boocock, 86-99, Wyckoff, C. S. 1899-1910. Or- 
ganized as the Grace Reformed Church, 1903, which see. No. 
(in). 

77. Flatlands, (Amersfort, Midwout), L.I., 1654. Polhemus, J. T. 

1654-76, (assisted by Megapolensis, J. 1664-9), Van Zuuren, 1677- 
85, Varick, 1685-94, Lupardus, 1695- 1702, Antonides, 1706-44, 
Arondeus, 1742-7, Van Sinderin, 1746-84, Curtenius, 1755-6, 
Rubel, 1759-83, Schoonmaker, 1784-1824, Lowe, P. 1787-1818, 
Monteith, 19-20, Cruikshank, 24-34, Baldwin, 36-52. Davie, 53-6i. 
Doolittle, T. S. 62-4, Brett, C. 65-9, Dec, DuBois, A. 70-82. Gard- 
ner, J. S. 1883-1913, P.E. 1913 . Roeder, C. W. 1914 . 

"Doc. Hist. N.Y." i. 431. See "Rev. Dr. Anson Du Bois' Hist, 
of," in "Stiles' Hist, of Brooklyn." Original MSS. in Sage 
Library. 

78. Bushwick, (Boglit), Bushwick Av., 1654. Polhemus, J. T. 1654- 

76, Selyns, ii56o-4, occasionally supplied by Van Zuuren, 1677-85, 
occasionally supplied by Varick, 1685-94, occasionally supplied by 
Lupardus, 1695-1702, Freeman, 1705-41, Antonides. 1706-44, Aron- 
deus, 1742-7, Van Sinderin, 1746-84, Curtenius, 1755-6, Rubel, 
1759-83, Schoonmaker, M. 1784-1824, Lowe. P. 1787-1808, Bas- 



682 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

sett, 1811-24, Meeker, 25-1830, again, 30-76, Powell, 76-83, Barr, 
83-6, Ford, 87-91, McClelland, T. C. 92-3, Jackson, W. H. 98- 
1900, Hume, J. C. 1901-1902, Mead, Elias (S.S.) 1904-1905 and 
1907-1908, Munro, J. J. (S.S.) 1909-1910. Dropped 1919. "Doc. 
Hist." i. 431. 

79. Gravesend, 1655. Polhenius, J. T. 1655-76, Selyns, 1660-4, supplied 
occasionally by Van Zuuren, 1677-85, supplied occasionally by 
Varick. 1685-94, supplied occasionally by Lupardus, 1695- 1702, 
Antonides, 1706-44, Arondeus, 1742-7, Van Sinderin, 1747-65, 
Curtenius, 1755-6, Schoonmaker, M. 1765-1824, Bassett, 181 1-24, 
Labagh, I. P. 32-42, Labagh, A. I. 42-59, Hansen, 59-71, Stock- 
well, 72-87, Van Buskirk, 87-1912, Clifford, P. H. 1913-1917, 

Fletcher, O. M. 1918 . "Doc. Hist." i. 411, 432. "Sutphen's 

Hist. Disc," 1877. , 

^o. Brooklyn, (Midwout), Jeroloman St., 1660. (Polhemus, J. T. 
(S.S.) 1656-60), Selyns, 1660-4, Carl DcBois. prelector, carried- 
ried on the services, 1664; Polhemus again, 1664-76, Megapolen- 
sis, S. 1664-8, Van Zuuren, 1667-85, Rudolphus Varick, 1685-94, 
Lupardus, 1695-1702, (Vesey, Epis., 1702-5), Freeman, 1705-41, 
Antonides, 1706-44, Arondeus, 1742-7, Van Sinderin, 1746-84, Cur- 
tenius, 1755-6, Rubel, 1759-83, Schoonmaker, M. 1784- 1824, Lowe, 
P. 1787-1808, Johnson, J. B. 1802-1803. Woodhull, 1806-25, Mason, 
E. 26-8, Rouse, 28-33, Dwight, M. 33-55, Van Gieson, 55-9, 
Willetts, 60-5, Kimball, 65-74 Dickson, H. R. 75-7, Vanderveer, 
D. N. 78-86, Chapin, 88-9. Farrar, 1890-1917, P.E. 1917-21, Derby- 
shire, A. J. 1917-1918, Van Zanten, J. W. 1920 . In Ecc. Rec. 

N.Y., many letters ; "Stiles' Hist, of Brooklyn," 3 vols., 8vo, 
1869-70; "Col. Hist. N.Y.," sec Index: "Doc. Hist. N.Y." iii. 
75; "Mag. R.D.C." iii. 52; "Thompson's Hist. L.L" 

<i). Centennial Chapel, (3d Av.). Wyckoff, A. N. 1876-9, Chapin, 
87-9, Stockwell, 90-3. 

81. New Utrecht, i8th Av., 1677. Van Zuuren, 1677-85, (Clark, Jas. 
1680-95), Varick, 1685-94, Lupardus, 1695-1702, Freeman, 1705- 
4J, 'Antonides, 1706-44, Arondeus, 1742-7, Van Sinderin, 1746-84, 
Curtenius, 1755-6, Rubel, 1759-83, Schoonmaker, M. 1784-1824, 
Lowe, P. 1787-1808, Beattie, 1809-34, Currie, 35-66, Sutphen, 67- 
79, Brush, A. H. 1880-1910, P.E. 1910-1911, Fisher, O. E. 1910- 

1918, Roosenraad, A. 1919 . Assistant, Fisher, O. E. 1907- 

1910. See "Doc. Hist." i. 413, 430. "Sutphen's Hist. Disc," 1877. 

S2. New Lots. (New Lots Av.), 1824. Cruikshank, W. 1824-34, Bald- 
win, J. C. 1836-52, Van Buren, J. M. 1852-73, Wood, C. W. 1874-7, 
Pearse, N. 1877-1903, Greene, E. W. (S.S.) 1903-1904, Has- 
brouck. H. C. 1904 

83. Williamsburgh, (Fourth St. until 1869; now Bedford Avenue and 
Clymer St.), 1829. Demarest, Jas. (Sr.) 29-39, Van Doren 
W. H. 40-9, Porter, E. S. 49-83, Terhune, 84-91, Mills, A. W. 93- 
4, Duryea, Jos. T. 95-8, Ennis, H. W. 1898-1902, Baile>, E. D. 
(S.S.) 1903-1910, Wouters, A. 1910-1916, Clark, W. W. (S.S.) 
1918-1919. See "Porter's Hist. Disc," 1866. 

«4. Central, or 2d, or Brooklyn Heights, Henry St., 1837. Garretson, J. 
Miss, to, 36-7, Van Arsdale, C. C. supplied, 38-40, Brodhead, 41-6, 
McLaren, 1847-49. See Church on the Heights, No. 94. 

85. East New York, 184c. Campbell, W. H. 39-41, Schoonmaker, M. 
V. 42-9, Strong, J. 50-4, Munn, 56-67, Blauvelt, C. R. 68-74, 
Hill, W. J. 75-82, Van Pelt, D. 82-7, Brooks, J. W. 88-93, Dick- 
son, J. M. 1894-1903, Cornish, F. L. 1904 . Name changed 

to Forest Park, 1913, which see No. 113. 

S6. South Brooklyn, Third Av., 1840. Van Arsdale, C. C. supplied, 



THE CHURCHES 



68.-, 



40-1, Woodbridge, 42-50, Rowland, 53, Manning, 54-73- Myers, 
H V S 74-82, Mason, A. D. W. 82-91, Bergen, J. T. 92-5. Dick- 
haut, B. E. 1896-1903, Macdonald, W. J. 1904-1917, Watson, 
R. A. 1917- 
«7. Fourth, 1841. Williamson, P. S. 1841-2. to., 

88. Middle, Harrison St., 1846. Oakey, 47-9, Talmage, I R. 50-2, 

Smith, N. E. 53-68, Ingersoll, Jan. 69-83, Ford, W H. 83-7. 
^o. Bedford, or East Brooklyn, (Ormond Place) 1847. Lloyd, Miss, 
to, 1847, Elmendorf, A. 48-51. Schenck, J. W. 53-5, West. L 55-68, 
Farmer, 68-70, Carroll, J. H. 72-6, Kipp, P E. 77-8i, Griffin, W 
T 81-6, George, H. W. (S.S.) 88. Berg. H. C. 88-95, Perry, W. 

D. (S.S.) 95-7- Dropped 1904. a d a^- - ,8.8 

90. Green Point. Kent St., 1848. Van Nest, A. R., Miss, to, 1848, 
Ward J W. 1849-54. Talmage. G. 1855-62, Peek, G. H. 1863-5, 
Van Gieson, 1866-7. McKelvey. A. 1867-7^, Francis, 1873-1904. 
PE 1904-1921. Hutchins. R. G. 1905-1910. Watson, R. A. 1911- 
1917, Dushaw. A. I. 1918-1919, Kerschred. H. B. (S ;=.) 1920- 

1921, Thena, Robert, 1921 . See G. Talmage s Publications. 

-01 Twelfth St., 1850. (Formerly North Gowanus). Pierce, 51-75- 
Gulick, U. D. 75-88. Lloyd, J. E. 88-190C, Denman. 1901-1904, 

Caton.'j. C. 1904-1915. Rauscher. J. C. 1916- 

92 New Brooklyn, (Ger.), 1851. (Herkimer St.). Dickhau^. 54-66, 
Heyser, 67-70, Suckow, 70-9. Weber. Jacob, 79-93. Erhardt, 

.93. North!^ Clermont Av., 1851. Elmendorf. A. 51-65. Enyard. 65-73. 
Thompson. A. R. 73-84. Perry. W. D. 85-90. Hallenbeck. E. F. 
91-3, McClelland. T. C. 93-6. Demarest. Jas. (S.S.) 189S-1902 
United with the Bethany Chapel to form the Bethany Reformed 
Church. 1902, which see No. no. 
.94. Church on the Heights. Pierrepont St., 1851. (This was m some 
resnects a continuation of the Central Ch., which Dr. Bethune 
had supplied from Sept.. 1849). Bethune, 5i-9- Fells. 60-6. Eddy. 
67-71 Inglis 72-7. Mitchell. 78-80. Hutton, A. J. 81-7. Davis. 
W R. 88-93, Adam. J. D. 1893-1907. Magill, A. 1908-1913. Shan- 
non, F. F. 1914-1919, Davidson, T. W. 1921. See "Dr. Inglis 
Hist. Sen," 1876. 

(i). Chapel on the Heights. 1855. Quackenbush, 1855-9. 

(2). Bethany Chapel. Hudson Av. Myers, A. E. 70-1. 9,''.'^'y°^^' 
71-2, Shaw, A. 72-7, Whitehurst. 77-81. Tilton. 89-91. Wyckoflf. 
C E 93-7. Makely. 97-1900. Addy. 1900-1902. United with the 
North Reformed Church to form the Bethany Reformed Church. 
1902, which see No. no. 

•95 South Bushwick. Bushwick Av., 1851. Himrod. 51-9, Wortman, 
60-3. Hartranft. 64-6. Voorhees. H. V. 67-9. Hulst. 69-1900. Niles, 
1901-1910, Pfeiffer. H. N. 1910-1913. Meyer. A. J. 1914 — — 

96 Lee Avenue. 185s. Halloway. W. W. 1855-9. Holmes, J. McC. 1859- 
64, Willets, 1865-6, Hicks, 1867-8. Carroll, 1869-72. 
[North Sixth St. Mission. 1858]. 

97. Bergen Hill, 1859-61. Baird, 1860-61. 

98. Ger. Evang.. (St. Peter's. Union Av.). E. D.. 1866. (Formerly 

Independent Lutheran. 1853-6; Pohle. 1853-Q. Zapf. G. A. P. 1859- 
63, Hennike, H. 1863-5. Riedenbach, 1865-6), Wagner, 66-94, 

Guenther. J. C. 86-1900. Wacker. 1900 . United with the 

German" Evangelical of Manhattan to form Trinity Church, 
Brooklyn, which see No. n4. 

99. [Myrtle Av. Mission. 1868. Noble, 68-9]. 

300. [Grace Chapel. 1871. See Flatbush. No. 76 and Grace Reformed 
Church No. in]. 



684 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

loi. Flatbush 2d, (Ger.), 1874. (East Broadway). Friedel, 75-87, 
Scholz, 88-9, Bruschweiller, 91. Jensen, 92-4, Goebel, L. 1895-1918, 
Wahl, H. J. 1918 

102. Canarsie, 1876, (Ger.). Dickhaut, C. 76-87, Schlieder, F. E. 87-9, 

Nicolai, 90-91, Ficken, 91-190C, Herge, 1901-1909, Meier, Jacob 
1909 

103. Ocean Hill, 1885. (Herkimer St.). Quick, A. M. 85-1900, Seibert, 

F. A. 1900-1904, Voegelin, C. F. N. 1904-1908, Hageman, A. 
1909 

104. Edgewood, (Blythbourne), 1891. (54th St. and 14th Av.). Adams, 

W. T. E. 1891-1906, Weber, H. C. 1906-1912, Morris, R. C. 1912- 
1916, Wouters, A. 1916— — 

105. Church of Jesus, 1891. Guenther, A. 1893-1902. P.E. 1902-1908, 

Schumacher, G. 1902, Gunther, John C. (S.S.) 1902, Barny, Wm. 
F. 1903-1905, Nickse, L. 1905-1907, Oswald, C. 1907 

106. Greenwood Heights, 1892. (41st St.). Stockwell, 94-9, Van Ars- 

dale, N. H. (S.S.) 99-1901, Arcularius, (S.S.) 1902-1904, Kip, F. 
N. 1904-1906, Anderson, C. T. 1906-1914, Tyndall, S. G. 1915-20. 

107. Bay Ridge, 1896. (2d Av. and 8cth St.). Scudder, C. J. 1897-1907, 

Young, F. P. 1908-1918. 

108. Emmanuel, (German-American) (East New York), 1897. Boet- 

cher, 98-1902, Oswald, 1903-1907. Disbanded 190S. 

109. Woodlawn Chapel, (East 9th St.), 1900. Bogert, N. J. M. 1900- 

1901. See Woodlawn Church, No. 112. 

110. Bethany Reformed Church. Columbia Heights, Brooklyn, 1902. 

Formed by union of the North Reformed Church and Bethany 
Chapel of the Church on the Heights, 1902. Demarest, James 
1902-1911, P. E. 1911-1913, Clifford, P. H. 1911-1913, Waugh, A. 
J. 1915-1918. 

111. Grace Reformed Church, 1903, Flatbush Ave. (Organized from the 

Grace Chapel of Flatbush, 1903). Wyckoff, C. S. 1903-1910, 
Carter, G. W. 1911-21. 

112. Woodlawn, 1906, Prospect Park, Brooklyn. (Woodlawn Chapel, 

1900). Addy, J. G. 1906 

113. Forest Park, Schenck Ave., Brooklyn. N.Y., 1913. Formed by 

union of East New York and Presbyterian Church of Forest 
Park, 1913. See No. 85. Cornish, F. L. 1913 

114. Trinity, 1919, Penn St., Brooklyn, N.Y. Formed by union of Ger- 

man Evangelical, Brooklyn and German Evangelical, Manhattan, 

1919, Wacker, G. G. 1919 . For Brooklyn, see Ecc. Rec. 

N.Y., many letters. Stile's Hist. Brooklyn, 3 vol. 8vo, 1869-70. 
Col. Hist. N.Y., see Index. Doc. Hist. N.Y. iii. 75. Mag. R.D.C. 
iii. 52. Thompson's Hist. L.I. Van Pelt's Hist, of Greater N.Y. 

IV. NEW YORK CITY — BOROUGH OF QUEENS. 

- 115. Jamaica, 1702. Antonides, 1706-41, (Van Basten, 1739-40), Goet- 
schius, J. H. 1741-8, Romeyn. Thos. 1753-60. supplied by Kettel- 
tas, 1760-2, Boelen, 1766-72, Froeligh. S. 1775-6, Van Nest, R. 
1785-97. Kuypers, Z. H. 1794-1818, Schoonmaker, J. 1802-50, Gar- 
retson, G. I. 1835-49. Alliger, 1850-70. Van Slvke, J. 1870-6, De 

Hart, 1877-87, Walser, 89-91, filton, E. 91-8, Wick, 1898 . 

"Doc. Hist.," iii. 75, 78. "Smith's Hist. N.Y.," Onderdonk's Hist., 
1884. Christian Int., April 28. 1897. 
116. Newtown, Elmhurst. 1731. (Van Basten, 17^9-40), Goetschius, 
J. H. 1741-8, Romeyn, Thos. 1754-60. Boelen, 1766-80, Froeligh, 
S. 1775-6. Van Nest. R. 1785-97, Kuypers, Z. H. 1794-1802, 
Schoonmaker, J. 1802-49, Garretson, G. I. 35-49, Strong, T. C. 
49-59. Anderson, W. A. 59-66, Shepard, 67-91, Ennis, H. W. 92-4, 
Clearwater, 1894-1922. See "Riker's Annals of Newtown." 



THE CHURCHES 685 

117. Astoria. 1830. Bishop, Alex. 40-53. Ten Eyck. W. H. 53-73, Haines. 

M. L. 1874-85. Crammer. 85-93, Van Pelt, D. 94-8, Rauscher. 
1898-1916, Rosenraad, A. C. 1916-1919. Bolsterle, G. S. 1920 

118. Flushing, 1842. Gordon, 1843-9. Mandeville, G. H. 1851-9, Hallo- 

way, W. 1859-65, Fairchild. 1866-71, Cobb, O. E. 1872-90, Dem- 
arest, Jas. 90-7, Potter. R. H. 98-1900, Swain, J. R. 1901-1905. 

Mackenzie. T. H. 1905 . See "Doc. Hist. N.Y." i. 432; and 

"Cobb's Hist. Sketch," 1882. 

119. Astoria, 2d (Ger.), 1854. Boehrer, 54-6.— Revived, 1862. Wenisch, 

65-6, Steinfuhrer, 1873 

120. Newtown, 2d (Ger.), 1855. Boehrer, 55-6. Dickhaut, C. 56-61, 

Wenisch, 65-6. Steinfuhrer. 67-73. Wenisch, 74-8, Hock, 
93-6, Bender, 96-1901, Sauerbrunn, 1901-1904, Meier, J. 1905- 

1907, Schoerk. G. J. 1907-1918. Bosshart, J. G. 1918 

121. East Williamsburgh. 1855. (New Jersey Av.). Holmes. J. McC 

57-9. Pearse, 59-60, Kip, I. L. 61-2. Durvea, W. R. 63-4. Ferris 
Wm. 73-84. Van Giesen, D. E. (S.S.) 1899-1900. Declared ex- 
tinct 1912. 

122. Queens, 1857. Hammond, J. W. 59-63. Wyckoff, Jas. 64-71, Nich- 

oUs, 71-5, Hageman, A. 75-87. Demarest, J. S. N. 1887-1917, 
Lyon, D. E. 1918 

123. Locust Valley. 1871. Hart. John, 72-5, Craig, 75-80, Mason. A. D. 

W. 80-2. Smock. 83-98. Shook, 1902-1905, vacant, 1905-12, Bau- 
meister, J. (S.S.) 1910-1912, Eastman. E. F. 1912-1917, Miller. 
E. W. 1917-21. 

124. College Point. 1872. Fairchild. 72-6. Berg. H. C. 78-88, Baumeister 

88-98. Malven, 1898-1905, Shephard, R. L. (S.S.), 1906-1908, 
Dangremond, A. C. V. 1908-1915, Sluj-ter. H. 1915-20 Herge H 
J. 1921 

125. Long Lsland City, ist, (Laurel Hill), 1875. (Academy St.). Perry, 

75-6. Garretson. G. R. 76-7. Gutweiler. 77-85, Shaw, Alex 

1885-1915. Doyle. D. P. 1915-1919, Scofield, F. A. 1919 . Ch. 

Int., June 20. 1900. 

126. Jamaica. (St. Paul's), Ger.. 1876. Hones, 1876-80, Freeh 81-5 

Hartig. 86-99. (Hock, 94, Bender, 97), Stoebener, 1900 

127. Stemway, 1891. Bergen, J. T. (S.S.) 84-6, Gulick, U. D. (S S ) 

90-1900, Laufer, (S.S.) 19CO-1906, Collins, C. M. (S.S) 1906- 

1908. Lang. G. (S.S.) 1909-1913, Strauss, P. F. (S.S.) 1911- 
1915. P. 1915 

128. Ridgewood, Evergreen, 1891. Hume, Miss, to, 93-5. Weber Jac 

95-7. Israel. G. R. 1897 

129. Long Island City. 2d (Sunnvside). (Buckley St.), 1896 Olandt C 

1896 Doyle, D. P. 1897-1903, Lyons, A. P. (S.S.) 1907-1908. 
Allebash, A. I. (S.S.) 1917. Severance. C M. (S.S.) 1920 

130. New Hyde Park. 1893. Hieber. 93-5. Van Giesen, D. E (S S ) 

96-1900. MacNeil, W. W. 1915-1918, Van Antwerpen, A E 1918- 

i9-'o. Smith, M. B. 1920 

131- Winfield, Wintield Junction, N.Y., 1907. Miller, W J H 1907- 
1911, Adams, W. T. E. 191 1 

132. German Evangelical, Far Rockaway. Inwood. L.I., 1909 Hopf 

P. H. 1909-1915. Bosshart, J. G. 1916-1918. Wettstein. A. L. 1918- 
20. 

V. NEW VORK CITY — BOROUGH OF RICHMOND. 
STATEN ISLAND. 

133. Fresh Kills. 1665. A church was built not far from the present site 

of the church of the Huguenots, for the French, about this time- 
supplied by Drisius. 1652-60? Selvns. 1660-4, Tesschenmaker' 



686 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1682-3, Daille, 1638-8, by Bonrepos, David, 1683-1714, when they 
coalesced with the Dutch. See Richmond, 1714, No. 136. 

134. South Side, 1665. (At Stony Brook). A church was built by the 

Waldenses and Huguenots, and they were supplied by Drisius, 
1652-60, Selyns, 1660-4, Tesschenmaker, 1682-3, by Daille, 1683-8, 
Vanden Bosch, 1687-89, Bonrepos, 1697-1714. Afterward the site 
of the church was transferred to Richmond. See Richmond, 1714, 
No. 136. 

135. North Side, Port Richmond (or Cityville), 1680. Supplied occa- 

sionally by Van Zuuren, 1680-85, by Tesschenmaeker, 1680-82, by 
Varick. 1685-95, by Bertholf, 1694- 171 8, by Freemen, 1705-41, by 
Antonides, 1706-44, and occasionally by Vas, 1710-18; pastor. Van 
Santvoord. C. 1718-42, (De Wint, 1751-2), Jackson, W. 1757-89, 
Stryker, P. 1790-4, Kirby, 1797-1801, Van Pelt, P. I. 1802-35, 
Brownlee, Jas. 35-95, Demarest, A. H. 84-1901, Berg, J. F. 
1902-1911, Mohn. O. L. F. 1911 

136. Richmond, 1714. (Union of French, Dutch, and English). Sup- 

plied by Bertholf, 1714-24, by Freeman, 1714-41, by Antonides, 
1714-44, by Vas, 1714-18; pastor, Van Santvoord, C. 1718-42, (De 
Wint, 1751-2), Jackson, W. 1757-76. Burned by the British. (See 
Richmond, No. 137. 

137. Richmond, 1808. Van Pelt, P. I. 1808-35, Brownlee, Jas. 35-53, 

Peck, T. R. G. 54-60, White, E. N. 59-62, Fehrman, 62-6, Sinclair, 
1866-75, Ktp. F. M. 1876-80. Name dropped, 1886. 

138. Brighton Hights, (Tompkinsville), 1820. Van Pelt, P. I. 20-3, 

Miller, J. E. 23-47. Thompson. A. R. 48-51, Brett, P. M. 51-60, 
Hitchcock, 60-65, Timlow. 66-8, Watson, T. 69-71, Enyard, 73-9, 
Clark, W. W. 80-7, Hutchins, J. 87-92, Lowe, T. O. 93-8. Stout, 
J. C. 1898-1902, Allen, A. H. 1902-1907, Lenington, G. C. 1908- 
1917, Brinckerhofif, J. H. 1917 

139. Huguenot, (Westfield, Seaside), 1850. La Tourette, 52-4, Gregory,. 

T. B. S5-6o, Stryker, H. B. 61-71, Kip, F. M. (Sr.) 72-80, vacant, 
80-96, Junor, D. 1897-1911, Snyder, D. C. 1911-1918, Frost, H. 

D. 1922 

140. Stapleton, S.L, 1851. Thompson, A. R. 1851-8, Skinner, 1859-67. 

141. Tottenville. 1855-8. 

142. Tompkinsville, 2d, i860, (Ger.). 

143. German Evangelical, St. Peter's, Kreischersville, S.L, 1881, Ganss, 

J. 1883-1912, Ganss. J. (S.S.) 1915. Dropped 1918. 

144. Princes Bay, 1900. Junor, D. 1900-1911. Reorganized as Prince 

Bay, 1921. Frost, H. D. 1922 

145. Mariners' Harbor, S.L. N.Y., 1905. Rockefeller, De W. G. 1907- 

1913, Compton, W. E. 1913-1919, Walser, O. H. 1921 

146. Clover Road Chapel, S.L, 191 5. (Clove Valley Chapel). Muller, 

E. T. 1910-20. 

See Ecc. Rec. N.Y. Doc. Hist. iii. 76. Ch. Int., 11, 125. Dr. James 
Brownlee's Dis. at 200th Anniversary of his Church. Also his Dis. at 40th' 
anniversary of his pastorate. Clute's "Hist, of Staten Island." 

New York Mills, Oneida Co., N.Y., 1895. Bergmans, 97-1901. Hogen- 
boom, S. M. 1904-1905, TePaske, J. W. 1906-08, Tevis. John, 1909- 
1910. Dropped 1911. See Dailey Hist, of Montgomery Classis, 124. 

Niigata, 1869-70, see Japan. 

Niskayuna. (Nestegauna, Canastigoine), Schenectady Co., N.Y., about 1780, 
Samson Occum, a Mohican Indian from Connecticut, often supplied 
them ; also Lorenzo Dow, a Methodist ; Romeyn, D., Westerlo, and 
Van Bunschoten. E. supplied. 1780-90, Demarest, J. 1790-1799, (S.S.) 
Bassett, Close, Romeyn, Bork, Meyer, 1802- 1805, Romeyn, T. 1806-27, 
McKelvey, J. 27-30, Van Wagenen, 31-5, Raymond, 35-50, Talmage, G, 



THE CHURCHES 68/ 

51-5. Wells. C. L. 55-8, De Baun, J. A. 58-83, Ditmars, 1883 . See 

"Doc. Hist." i. 245 ; "De Baun's Hist. Sketch"; "Smith's N.Y." 306. — 
Ditmars and Pearse's Addresses at 150th anniversary, 1900. Christ, 
Int., Oct. 10, 1900. 

Nominack. now Minisink. 

Noordelors, Mich., 1856. Van den Bosch, K. 56-7, seceded. 

Noord, Holland, or North Holland, Mich. 

Norfolk St., see 68th St., N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Norman. Okl., 1907. Dropped 1909. 

Norman's Kill, Albany Co.. N.Y., 1783? See "Brodhead's N.Y." i. 81. 

Norris, Fulton Co.. 111. (station). Bogardus, W. E., Miss, to, 1868-74, 
Williamson. N. D. 70-2, Lansing, A. G. 73-4, Beekman, A. J. 74-6, 
Bumstead, (S.S.) 76-86, name dropped, 1895. 

North and South Hampton, (Bensalcm. Neshaminy), Churchville, Bucks 
Co.. Pa.. 1710. (A.R.D.C. but in connection with the German Ccetus, 
1747-71). Van Vleck. P. 1710-12, supplied by Rev. Malachi Jones, 
Presbyt. 1714-21, Frelinghuysen. often supplied, 1721-30, C. Van Sant- 
voord, (S.S.) 1730. Dorsius, 1737-43, again, 1744-8. Goetschius, 1738- 
40, supplied by Schlatter, once a month. 1746-50. Du Bois. Jonathan, 
1751-72. Schenck. Wm. 1777-80, Leydt, M. 1780-3, Stryker, P. 1788-90, 
Brush, J. C. 1794-6. Larzalere, 1797-1828, Halsey, A. O. 29-67, Knowl- 
ton, 60-4, De Hart, 68-70, Voorhees, H. M. 71-7, Lippincott, 77-81, 
Streng, 82-90, Craig, 1891-1911. Strohauer, P. J. 1912-1917, Roddy. J. 
S. (S.S.) 1917-21. See "Davis' Hist, of Bucks Co., Pa." — "Hall's 
Hist, of Presbyt. Ch. of Trenton." 1859, page 19; "Murphy's Presby- 
tery of the Log College." p. 200; and especially "the Churchviile Chron- 
icle." Aug. 26. 2"/. 1885, for acct. of early settlement, and "Prof. Hinke's 
Ch. Record of Neshaminy and Bensalem, 1710-38," in "Journal of 
Presbyt. Hist. Soc." 1901. See also "Ch. Int.," 1859, June 30. Wm. 
Penn first offered the persecuted Dutch in the Netherlands this home in 
Pa. 

North Bergen, Weehawken. {Gcr.), Hudson Co., N.J., 1853. Mohn, 55-7, 
Becker, 57-60, Justin. 1865-1902, Nickse, L. 1902-1905, Justin, J. 1906- 
1910, Mager, Wm. 1910 

North Blendon, (Conger), Hudsonville, Mich., 1903. Vanden Bo.sch, T. M. 
(S.S.) 1907, Gruys, W. S. 1909-1913, Burggraff, J. J. 1914-20, Van 
Peuren, J. 1922 

North Blenheim, Schoharie Co., N.Y.. 1850. Scribner, (S.S.) 47-8, Van 
Woert, 50-3, See, W. G. E. 53-9. Shafer, 60-7. Vandewater, 67-9. Miller, 
E. 72-84. Phelps. P. 86-95, Whitney, 96-8, Beale. 1 901 -1903, vacant, 

1903-1915. Vander Kam. P. (S.S.) 1915 . Occasional supplies 

1915 

North Branch, now Readington. N.J. 

North Branch. Somerset Co.. N.J.. 1825. Fisher, G. H. 26-30, Wilson, 
A. D. 31-8, Campbell, J. K. 38-54, Doolittle, P. M. 1856-1906, Corwin, 

C. E. 1907-1915, Sauerbrunn, L. 1916 

See Semi-Centennial of Rev. P. M. Doolittle, 1906. 

North Branch, Sullivan Co., N.Y., 1871. Elterich. 

North Carolina, Johnson, W. L., Miss, in, 1869-74. 

North Church, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan, Collegiate Church No. 
^7). 

North Church Chapel, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan, Chapels of the 
Collegiate Church (c). 

North Creek, 111., 1862. 

North Easton, see Easton. 

North Esopus, 1851, .see Port Ewen, N.Y. 

North Gowanus, 1850, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklvn. (No. 91). 

North Hackensack, N.J., 1876. Until 1812 called Cherry Hill, N.J. Wood, 
C. W. 1877-1878, Graham, 1878-1884, Harris, J. F. 1886-1891, Manchee, 



THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1891-1893, Duryee, Ab. 1894-1911, Freer, H. A. 1912-1918, Miller, W. 
J. H. 1918-1919, Walter, A. J. 1920 

North Hamilton, see East Overisel. 

North Harlem, 1820. Perhaps an error for New Harlem. 

North Hempstead, Manhasset, L.I., 1816. (Success, 1731)- (Van Basten, 
1739-40). Goetschius, J. H. 1741-8, Romeyn, Thos. 1754-60, Boelen, 
1766-72, Froeligh, S. 1775-6, Van Nest, R. 1785-97, Kuypers, Z. H. 
1794-1824, Bogert, D. S. 13-26, Heermance, Henry, 26-7, Otterson, 
28-34, Robb, 35-7, Gordon, 38-43, Sheffield, 43-6, Schoonmaker, R. L. 
47-52, Demarest, Jas. (Sr.) 53-9, Boice, 59-70, Davis, W. E. 71-9, 
Stevenson, Wm. 80-1, Martine, 82-91, Zabriskie, A. A. 91-2, Duncombe, 

1893-1907, Maddaus, O. 1907 . See "Onderdonk's Annals"; "Moore's 

Hist, of"; "Gen. and Biog. Rec." x. 1-19. 

North Holland, (Noord Holland, or New Holland), Holland, Ottawa Co., 
Mich., 1853, revived, 1856. Oggel, E. C. 66-70, Van Ess, 70-84, De Jong, , 
J. P. 83-7, Bloemendal, 90-1, Stegeman, Ab. 93-8, Strabbing, 1900-1905. 
Wesselink, J. 1905-1910, Tysse, G. 1911-1919, Klaaren, J. 1921 

North Marbletown, 1851, see Marbletown. 

North Marion, Litchville, N.D. (Marion) 1908. Vander Schaaf, J. J. 1910- 
1912, Brink, J. W. 1915-1919, Petterson, H. M. 1920-21. 

North Newark, see Newark. 

North Orange, 1883, see Newkirk, la. 

North Park, 1909, see Kalamazoo, Mich. 

North Passaic, 1868: see Passaic, N.J. 

North Paterson, 1894, see Paterson, N.J. 

North Sibley, Little Rock, Sibley, la., 1895. Janssen, 1896-1903, Zindler, 
G. 1903-1909, Koerlin, E. F. 1909-1913, Potgeter, H. J. 1914-1918. 

North Sterling, see Sterling, N.Y. 

Nortumberland, Bacon Hill, Schuylerville, Saratoga Co., N.Y., 1820. Dur- 
yee, 1820-28, Mair, 29-31, May, 34-8, Wyckoff, C. 38-41- Slauson, 43- 
53, Van Wyck, P. 53-6, McCartney, 57-63, Markle, 64-5, Kellogg, 67-72, 
Labaw, 73-4, Ford, 75-80, Mills, G. A. 82-4, Bailey, J. W. 85-6, Den- 
man, 88-91, Gulick, N. J. 92-6, Davis, L. E. 96-7, Luckenbill, 97-8, Viele, 
1899-1902, Van Ess, J. 1904-1909, Classical Missionary, 1912-1917, Ber- 
ger, A. L. (S.S.) 1918. 

North Western, 1893, see Chicago, 111. 

North Yakima, Yakima Co., Washington ,1901. Harmeling, S. J. 1901-1904, 
Borgers, H. (S.S.) 1904, TeSelle, J. W. 1905-1906, Van der Naald, 
H. 1906-1910, DePree, J. 1910-1911, Bruins, B. 1912-1914, Van Heuvelen, 
B. 1914-21, Van Lierop, J. B. H. 1921 

Norwood Park, 1871, see Chicago, 111. 

Nutley, 1855, sec Franklin, N.J. 

Nyack, Rockland Co., N.Y., 1838. Brett, P. M. 38-42, Hagaman, C. S. 43- 
52, Van Zandt, B. 52-5. Lord, D. 56-60, Marvin, 60-70, Voorhees, H. V. 
71-8, McCorkle, (S.S.) 78-81, Clark, W. H. 81-6, Van Deventer, J. C. 
86-92, Leggett, W. J. 93-1901, Prentice, S. 1904 

Oakdale Park, 1889, see Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Oak Harbor, Wash., 1903. Borgers, H. (S.S.) 1903-1905, Vander Beek, J. 

1905-1908, Rottschaeffer, Wm. 1909-1915, DeWitt, H. 1917 . Cook, 

M. 1919 

Oakhill, 1787, see Durham, N.Y. 

Oakland, see East Overisel, Mich. 

Oakland, 1710, see Ponds, N.J. 

Oak Park, 1911, see Chicago, West Side. 

Oak Tree, N.J., 1912, see Marconnier, N.J. 

Ocean Hill, 1885, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Ogilvie, Minn., 1921. 

Oita, 1910, see Japan. 



THE CHURCHES 689 

O-kange. 1864, see China. 

Oklahoma, see Colony, Columbian Memorial Church; Fort Sill and Cor- 

dell, Arapahoe, Liberty, Harrison. 
Oklahoma City, Okl., 1908. Colby, H. E. (S.S.) 1908, Riepma, S. F. 1908- 

191 1. Disbanded 191 1. 
Olinda, 1654, see Brazil. 

Old Stissing, (Ger.), 1746, see Gallatin, N.Y. 
Olivia, Renville Co., Minn., 18 — . 
Olive, 1799, see Shokan, N.Y. 
Olive I-^af, Waukonda, McCook Co., S.D., 1886. Vacant, 86-8, (omitted 

in the Syn. Minutes, 88-93), Linton, J. C. 94-6, Miedema, 96-7, classical 

missionary, 1897-1902. Dropped 1902. 
Omi, 1843, see Ghent, 2d, N.Y. 
Onesquethaw, Albany Co., N.Y., 1839. Feura Bush, Jerusalem, Clarksville. 

Existed previously as Presbyt. Van Santvoord, S. 39-64, Millspaugh, 

66-72, Vedder, E. 73-84, Perlee, 84-6, Brown, W. S. 89-91, various sup- 
plies, 1891-1908, Gulick, G. W. 1908-1909, Ballard, Bruce, 1910-1913, 

Hageman, T. A. 1913-1917, Millett, J. 1917 

Ontario, Ontario Centre, Wayne Co., N.Y., 1884. Reorganized, 1896. 

Hogenboom, 1899-1904, Bahler, P. G. M. 1903-1908, Hospers, G. H. 

1908 

Oostburg. Sheboygan Co., Wis., 1850. Vander Schuer, 56-66, Karsten, 67- 

69. Te Winkle, 69-71, Hoffman, J. 74-8i, Karsten, 83-4, Lubacli, 86-93- 

Karsten, 93-9, Sietsema, 1900-1904, Rozendaal, A. 1904-1907, Beckering, 

W. 1908-1911, Pasma, H. K. 1913-1917, Swart, P. 1918-21, Laman, 

A. T. 1921 

Oppenheim, Fulton Co., N.Y., (St. John's, Yonker's Bush), 1816. DeVoe, 

D. 1816-1830. 
Oppenheim, N.Y., 2d, 1821. Vanderveer, J. C. 1822-3. 
Oppenheim, N.Y., 3d, 1826. DeVoe, D. i826-(?). See Dailey Hist, of 

Montgomery CI., 124. 
Oradell, Bergen Co., N.J., 1891. DeWitt, J. T. E. 1892-1903, McCully, E. 

T. 1904 

Orange, a name applied to Tappan, at first in Orange Co., N.Y. The 

church was chartered under this name, bv N.Y., Feb. 25, 1783, and N.J.. 

Sept. 9. 1788. 
Orange, (East Orange), Essex Co., N.J., 1875. Bishop, G. S. 1875-1907, 

P.E. 1907-1914, Giles, W. W. 1907 

Orangeburgh, Grace Church, S.C, 1880. This was a mission station for 

the Freedmen from 1876-80. Johnson, W. L. 1876-1913. Disbanded. 
Orans^e City, ist, Sioux Co., la., 1871. Bolks, 72-9, Baursma, 79-89, Vander 

Ploeg, 90-93, Kolyn, 93-8, Steffins, N. M. 1899-1901, Stapelkamp, E. 

W. 1901-1907, Engelsman, J. 1908— — 
Orancre City, (at West Branch), Sioux Co., Iowa, 1877; now Sioux 

Centre, la. 
Orange City, 2d, la., 1885. (American), 1885. De Spelder, J. A. (S.S.) 

85-7, pastor, 87-94, Zwemer, J. F. (S.S.), Mar. -Nov., 94, Zabriskie, 

A. A. 94-6, Zwemer, J. F. Jan. -Nov., 96, De Jong, J. L. 96-7, Steren- 

berg, J. 97-8, Winter, J. P. 1899-1909, McEwan, D. 1911-1920, De 

Young, C. 1921 . See Ch. Int., May 12, 1897. 

Orange City, la., see Free Grace, Middleburgh, 1885. (Newkirk). 

Orange City, la.. Trinity, 1919. Steunenberg, J. 1919 

Orattur, 1868, see India. 

Oregon, 1869, see Ebenezer, 111. 

Oskaloosa, la., 1912, (Central). DeBruine, S. 1919-21, Duiker, W. J. 

1921— . — 
Osnaburgh, 1802, see Canada. 

Osquak, (Asquach), (CI. Montgomery), 1813. Morris, J., Miss, to, 1829. 
Ostpiak. Scccssio)!. (Asquach), 1823. Goetschius, S. Z. 1823-4. 



690 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Otley, Marion Co., Iowa, 1871. Lansing, A. G. 71-2, Meulendyk, J. (S.S.) 
77-8, Westing, 82-6, Ziegler, 87-92, Heines, 94-7, DeGroot, D. 97-9, 
Niemeyer, G. 1899-iqoi, Boer, H. K. 1902-1905, Brouwer, J. G. 1907- 
1910, Ruisaard, M. C. 1910-1915, Grooters, P. 1916-1920, Pietenpol, H. 

J. 1920 

Ottawa. Zeeland, Mich., 1916. Classical Missionary, 1916 

Overisel, or Overyssel, Allegan Co., Mich., 1850. Organization came from 
Holland. Bolks, 47-3, Nykerk, 58-91, and Lepeltak, 77-91, Van den 
Berg, A. 1891-1906, Hekhuis, G. J. 1906-1917, Steunenberg, J. 1918-1919, 
Stageman, M. A. 1919 — — 
Overyssel, East, see East Overyssel. 

Ovid, Seneca Co., N.Y., 1808. Brokaw, Ab. 1809-22. Vanderveer. F. H., 

Miss. to. 23, Vanderveer. J., Miss, to, 23. Van Vechten, S., Miss, to, 

23-4. Morris. J. 1824-8. The secession divided this church. Merged into 

Lodi, 1828, which see. 

Ovid, Secession, 1822. Brokaw, A. 1822? McNeil, 1838-68. Dailey Hist. 

of Montgomery Classis, 130. 
Owasco, Cayuga Co., N.Y., 1796. Sometime at first known as Aurelius 
Brokaw. Ab. 1796-1808. Brinkerhofif. G. G. 1809-12. Ten Eyck. C. 1812- 
30. Hammond, J. 31-9, Evans. Wm. 39-46, Dutcher, 46-50, Raymond, 
51-3. Ingalls. 53-64, Peeke. A. P. 65-72, Peeke. G. H. 72-5, Myers. A. 
E. 76-8, Barr, 80-3, Vaughan, J. 84-9, Van Allen, 90-2, Rodgers, J. 
A. (S.S.) 93-1903. Ivey. R. 1903-1905, Sargent, C. J. (S.S.) 1905-1910, 
Seibert, G. G. 1912-1916, supplied 1916-18, by Auburn student, Ratz, 
A. W., DeMeester, P. 1919-21. 
Col. J. L. Hardenbergh, Lieut, of 2d Reg., N.Y.. 1777-83. accompanied 
Gen. Sullivan against the Iroquois in 1779. He surveyed the military 
tract for bounty lands in Central N.Y., in 1789. and settled on Lot 47, (now 
Auburn, N.Y.), in 1793. In 1703. ten families migrated from Conowago, 
near Gettysburgh, Pa., and settled in 1795 on the east side of Owasco Lake. 
On Sept. 23, 1796. these organized a R.D.C. From "Rev. Dr. Hawley's Hist. 
Disc, at Auburn," 1869. See also church "Conowago" in this work; and 
"Rodger's Story of a Century." or "Brief Hist, of Refd. Ch. of Owasco," 
1896; also "The Family of Joris Dircksen Brinckerhoff," 1887, for an inter- 
esting account of the beginnings of Owasco Church. 
Oivasco. Secession. 1823. McNeil. 1824-8. Johnson. Wm. 18.38-1865. 
Owasco Outlet, (Sand Beach), Auburn, Fleming, Cayuga Co., N.Y., 1812. 
Ten Eyck. C. 1812-26. Westfall. 27-8. Dunlap. Miss. to. 28-9. Heermance, 
Henry, March-Nov., 29, Tarbell, 30-2. Rogers, L. 33-4, Kirkwood. 36-9, 
Moule. 39-41. Knight, R. W. 41-4, Winfiield, 44-50, Brown, S. R. 51- 
9, Garretson, J. 61-4, Schenck. J. V. N. 65-7. Brown, S. R. (S.S.) 67- 
9, Huntington, 70-71. Rice, W. A. (S.S.) 71-2, Dean, 73-5, McKinley, 
G. A. (S.S.) 76-7, Lawrence, (S.S.) 77-8. Anderson, Chs. 78-84, Dex- 
ter, R. R. H. (Presb.) 84-7. Leland. H. 88-9. Maar. (S.S.) 90-92. P. 
92-3, Force. F. A. 95-8. Florence. E. W. 99-1901, Van Allen, I. (S.S.) 

1902 . See Dailey Hist. Montgomery Classis, 77-83. Dean's Hist. 

Disc. N.Y. Evang.. July 22. 1875. Maar, Hist. Disc, 1893. 
Oyster Bay, (Wolver Hollow, Brookville), Glen Head. Nassau Co.. N.Y., 
1732. (Van Basten, 1739-40). Goetschius. J. H. 1741-8, Romeyn, T. 
1754-60. Boelen. 1766-80. Froeligh, S. 1775-6, Van Nest, R. 1785-97, 
Kuypers. Z. H. 1794-1824, Bogart, D. S. 13-26, Heermance, Henry, 
26-7. Otterson, 27-34, Quinn, 35-41, Gregory, T. B. 41-4, Oakcy. 44-7, 
Smith. N. E. 47-53, McNair. 53-5. De Baun, 55-8, Lowe, J. C. 59-63, 
Searle. J. 63-6. Smock, 66-71, Swick. 71-7, Davis, J. A. 78-83, Smock, 
83-96. Scudder, W. T. 97-9. Watermuelder. 1900-1, Ward, W. D. 1902- 

1908, Macmillan. J. L. 1909-1911. Jackson, Wm. H. 191 1 . See Stout- 

enbergh's Hist., 1902. 



THE CHURCHES 69I 

Paghkatghkan, 1800, see Coshington and Middletown, Delaware Co., N.Y. 

Fame's Point and White Rock, Ogle Co., ill., 1870. See Ebenezer, 111. 

Paiston Kill. 1793. See "Mints. G. S." i. 256. 

Palatine, see St. Johnsville, 1825. Van Olinda, 1825-30, Van Cleef, C. 
(colleague), 1826. Disbanded 1832. Sec Dailey Hist. Mont. CI., 125. 
Doc. Hist. i. 341, iii. 674, 683, 686. 

Palco, Kas., see Asbury, Kans., 1 907-1912. 

Palisades, Fort Lee or Coytesville, Bergen Co., N.J., 1866. Vermilye, D., 
Miss, to, 66-8, See, I. M., Miss, to, 68-72, Davis, J. A. 72-3, Mattice. 
H. 73-8, Bogardus, 79-88, Buckelew, 88-91, Dean, 93-1900, Ferwerda, 
1900-1905, Hamner, J. G. 1905-1907, Kelder, E. 1908 

Palmaner, 1859, see India. 

Palmyra, Wayne Co., N.Y., 1887. Baas, 83-91, Lubeck, 92-8, Flikkema, 
1898-1902, Meulendyke, J. 1902-1912, Flikkema, G. 1912-1918, Stegenga, 
M. 1918-1919, Tellman, H. E. 1920 

Palsville, 1896, see Alexander, la. 

Palsville, see Emmanuel, la. 

Pandeteripo, see India. 

Panna, 1710, see Ponds, N.J. 

Paramus, Ridgewood, Bergen Co., 1725. Erickzon, 1725-8, Mancius, 1730-1, 
supplied by Curtenius and Van Driessen, J. 1731-8, Vanderlinde, 1748-89, 
Kuypers. G. A., 1788-9, Blauvelt, I. 1790-1, Kuypers, W. P. 1793-6, 
Eltinge, W. 1799-1850, Winfield, 51-6, Corwin, E. T. 57-63, De Mund, 
64-70, Talmage, G. 1871-9, Vandeventer, 79-86, Vroom, 1887-1906, Cook, 
H. D. 1907 . See "Winfield's Sketch of," 1851, and "Corwin's Man- 
ual and Record of," 1858. 2d ed. enlarged, 1859. 

Paramus, Secession. 1823. Brinkcrhoof , J. G. 28-45, ^"« Hoiiten, 58-61, 
De Baun. J. Y. 65-75, Westervclt, 88-92, Isennan, 88-98. 

Park Church, 1852, .see Jersey City, N.J. 

Parkersburg, Fern, Butler Co., Iowa, 1874. De Beer, 74-80, Weiland, 80-3, 

Veenker, 84-92, Schafer, D. 1893-1908, Siemsen, D. 1908 

See North Siblev. Stout. 

Park Hill, 1892, see Yonkers, N.Y. 

Park Ridge, 1814. see Pascack, N.Y. 

Pasaick, N.Y., 179.. See "Mints. Gen. Syn." i. 315. 

Pascack, Park Ridge, Bergen Co., N.J., 1814. Goetschius, S. 14-35, Man- 
ley, 34-53. Demarest, J. T. 54-67, Bartholf, B. A. 68-73, Lodewick, 
1875-1903, Seibert, F. A. 1904 

Passaic, Passaic Co., N.J., churches in : 

1. Aquackanonck, 1693. Bertholf, G. 1694- 1724, Du Bois, Gid. 1724-6, 

Coens, 1726-35, Van Driessen, J. 1735-48, Marinus, 1752-73, 
Schoonmaker, H. 1774-1816. Froeligh, P. D. 16-25, Taylor, B. C. 
25-8, Paulison, 29-31, Bogardus, W. R. 31-56, Strong, J. P. 56-69, 
Gaston, 69-95, Spaulding, A. (assistant), 93-5, Vennema, 

A. 1895-1911, Dawson, Edward 1912 . See "Ecc. Rec. N.Y." 

and "M.S. Hist. Ser. by Gaston"; also "Hist. CI. of Paramus," 
190.. 

2. Aquackanonck, Secession, 1825. Froeligh, P. D. 25-8, Bcrdan, 

30-89. Vandcr Beck. 89-92, Van Houten, A. 92-5, Van Houten: f. 
F. 1894 

3. Passaic 2d, (North), 1868. Strong, J. P. 69-72, Kellogg, 72-9, 

Anderson, A. 80^6, Whitehead, J. H. 1886-1905, Brown, w! 
D. 1905-1920, Bloom, W. S. 1921 

4. Passaic, (Hoi.), 1873. Rederus. F. 74-6. Hazenberg, 77-9, Worm- 

ser, W. 82-4. Warnshuis, J. W. 86-7, Jacobs, C. W. 89-91, Jacobs, 
W. M. C. 93-5. Flipse, 1896-1909. Boer. N. 1909-1915. Van Duine, 
A. M. 1916 



692 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

5. Fourth. Received from Christian Reformed Church, 1912-1915. 
Vanden Heuvel, A. J. 1912-1914. 
Passaic, see Guttenberg. 

Paterson, Passaic Co., N.J., churches in : 

1. Totowa 1st, 1755. (On Water st. until 1827; Main st., 1827-71; 

since 1871 on Division st.). Marinus, 1756-67, (Biauw, Confer- 
entie, 1767-72), Meyer, H. 1772-91, Schoonmaker, H. 1799-1816, 
Eltinge, W. 16-33, Vandervoort, 34-7, Wiggins, 37-56, Peltz, 57- 
60, McKelvey, A. 60-5, Steele, J. 65-77, Raymond, A. W. 78-81, 
Banner, 81-91, Vernol, 1891-1920, P.E. 1920 

2. Totowa 2d, (Water St.), 1827. Field, J. T. 28-32, Cole. I. 32-3, 

Liddell, 34-8, Duryea, John H. 38-95, Milliken, P. H. 82-8, Welles, 
T. W. 1889-1908, P. E. 1908 , Maines, W. S. 1908-1914, Lons- 
dale, W. J. 1915-1920, Sluyter, Henry 1920 

3. Secession, Independent, {Water St.), 1828. Amerman, 1843-55. 

4. Holland ist, Clinton St., 1856. De Rooy, (S.S.) 56-8, Huyssoon, 

(S.S.) 59-64, when the church was reorganized. Huyssoon, 64-5, 
Bahler, P. B. 66-8, Huyssoon, 68-92, Betten, D. L. 94-97, Dekker, 
F. G. 1897-1910, Pool, Wm. 1911-1914, Tanis, H. 1914-1916, Sie- 
gers, P. 1917-1918, Bourma, H. 1919 

5- (Hollandish Secession, cor. Bridge and River Sts.), 1858. DeRooy, 
58-63, Bechtold, 64-6. 
. 6. Broadway, 1864. Halloway, W. W. 65-71, Clark, W. H. 72-81, Van 
Arsdale, N. }l. 81-95, Thompson, E. W. 1896-1904, Payson, G. H. 
1905-19C8, Martin, J. M. 1908-1915, Blocker, S. 1915—^- 

7. Main St. {Hoi 2d), 1866. Bechtold, 1866-7, Kasse, 1868-74; dis- 

banded 1875. 

8. Sixth, {Hoi.) Godwin, St., 1867. Rutte, 1867-.., Houbolt, 7^-7, 

Koopman, H. R. 1879-84, Van Het Loo, 1888-1905, Van Lummel, 
A. J. 1906-1917, Schurrman, H. P. 1917 

9. Union Reformed, {Hal.) Market St., now Auburn St., 1879. Hou- 

bolt, 79, Nies, H. E. 1879-1910, Heines, E. 1910-1914, Karreman, 
A. 1914-1918; Luxen, John 1919 

10. Riverside, River st, 1887. King, A. A. 87-91, Church, J. B. 

1892-1921, Dykema, A. C. 1921 

11. People's Park, 1892. Smit, John, 1893-1911, Lumkes, J. M. 191 1- 

1916, Hager, T. 191 6 

12. North Patterson, 1894. Conover, G. M. 95-7, Johnston, Wm. 

98-1900, Mead, E. (S.S.) 1901, Martin, J. M. 1902-1905, Van 
Hee, L S. 1905-1906, Herge, Chas. 1907-1912, Maass, H. W. 1913- 
1914. DuBois, A. A. 1914-1915, Van Arsdale, E. B. 1916 

13. Covenant, 1915. Caton, J. C. 1916-1920, Wilson, F. S. 1920 . 

Assistant, Shields, F. K. 1918-1919. 
See Paterson, See Preakness. 

Pattersonville, 1799, see Rotterdam ist, in Schenectady, N.Y. 
Pawagtenog, apparently the same as New Paltz 2d. In 1778, Rynier Van 

Nest was minister there in connection with Shawangunk. "Mins. of 

old Classis of Kingston." 
Peapack, Somerset Co., N.J., 1848. Anderson, W. 49-56, Thompson, H. P. 

57-73. Anderson, C. T. 74-82, Scarlett, G. W. 83-8, Davis, G. 88-93, 

Hasbrouck, H. C. 94-1900, Johnston, Wm. 1901-1903, Simanton, T. M. 

1903-1914, Baeder, F. N. 191 5-1920, Prochnau, Julius 1920 . See 

"Thompson's Hist. Peapack Ch." 
Peekskill, Westchester Co., N.Y., 1799. At first Congregational. In 1834 

merged in the church of Courtlandtown. Manley, W. 1800-6. See 

Courtlandtown. 
Peekskill, Westchester Co., N.Y., 1850. (Van Nest Church.) Buck, 51- 

70, Searle, Jer. 71-3, Thompson, J. B. 73-4, Kip, I. L. 75-9, Quick, A. M. 



THE CHURCHES 693 

82-4, De Vries, H. 1884-1915, Mulder, J. 1916-1920, Jonker, Philip 
1920 

Peekskill, N.Y., Hungarian, 1911. DeVries, H. (Supt.) 1911, Krisik, A. A. 
1912-1914, Pompl, R. H. 1914-1916, Hamory, L. S. H. 1918 

Peenpack, (near Port Jervis,) 1761. Jacob Caudebeck, of Caudebeck, 
France, obtained a grant of 12,000 acres, called Peenpack. See Cudde- 
backville, N.Y. Huguenots and Hollanders from Ulster Co. N.Y. set- 
tled here about 1730. See "Mills' Hist. Disc." 1874, p. 4. 

Pekin, Tazewell Co., 111., 1843. Williamson, 43-8, Westfall, 49-56, Lloyd, 
57-60, Williamson, N. D. (S.S.) 61-2, Gulick, U. D. 62-70, Thompson, 
Ab. (S.S.) 71-2, Livingston, E. P. (S.S.) 73-8, pastor, 78-83, Gamble, 
85-go, Beattie, J. A. 90-1, Gorby, 92-3, Rust, 94-5, Sonnema, 97-1900, 
Bruins, H. M. 1901-1904, Brooks, J. W. (S.S.) 1904-1905, Van Hee, L 
1908-1914. Transferred to Presbytery of Peoria, 1914. 

Pekins 2d, Schulke, 76-80, Terborg, 83-9, Schulke, 1891-1903, De Beer, J. 
1903-1910, Bosch, F. C. S. 1911-1913, Schulke, 1914-1915, Kroesche, 
A. C. 1915-1917, Denekas, W. 1919 — — - 

Pella, Marion Co., la. ; churches in : 

1. Pella ist, 1856. Oggel, P. 60-3, Winter, 66-83, Moerdyk, Wm. 86-9, 

DePree, P. 91-6, Veldman, 98-1901, Van Westenburg, J., 1902- 
1905, Van Der Werf, S. 1905-1913, Wesselink, J. 1913 

2. Pella 2d, 1863. Thompson, M., Miss, to, 62-8, 1868-71, (S.S.) 1872-4, 

Schermerhorn, H. R. 75-9, Huyser, G. 83-5, Wyckoff, A. N. 85-6, 
Sharply, 87-92, Ossewaarde, James 1895-1899, Dykstra, L. 1898- 
1901, Vankersen, W. J. 1902-1910, Brinkman, B. F. 1910-1917, 
Bruins, H. M. 1917 

3. Pella 3d, 1869. Lansing, A. G., Miss, at, 68-70, Weiland, 70-6, Zubli, 

(S.S.) 76, Rederus, F. 76-86, Smit, Jan., 87-92, Douwstra, H. 
1893-1901, Pietenpol, H. J. 1902-1908, Bouma, P. A. J. 1908-191 1, 
Beckering, Wm. 1911-1915, Braak, P. 1916-20, Hankamp, G. 
1921 

4. Pella 4th, 1869. Vanderkley, 71-3, Stobbelaer, 73-9, independent. 

5. Pella 4th, 1894. Root, 97-9, Ziegler. A. G. (S.S.) 1900-4, Dyk- 

huizcn, H. 1904-1907, Ossewaarde, M. 1908-1909. Church dropped 
1910. 
Pella, Adams, Lancaster Co., Neb., 1884. Westing, E., Dragt, 94-6, Stege- 

man, W. 96-9, Vandermeulen, J. 1900-1901, Dejong, Jac. 1902-1908, 

Wiersma, F. M. 1908-191 1, Schut, H. 1912-1915, Rottchaefer, W, 

191 5 

Pella, see Bethel. 

Pennsylvania Lane, Mason Co., 111., 1901. Gulick, J. I. 1901-1903, Drake, 

E. A. 1903-1907, Clowe, C. W. 1908-1909, Mytton, L. V. C. 190Q-1911, 

Vanden Bosch, T. G. 1915-1917. 
People's Park, see Paterson, N.J. 
Peoria, Peoria Co., III., 1872. MuUer, 72-93, Smidt, H. T. 93-5, Zindler, 

96-1901, Schnuecker, G. 1902-1907, Reeverts, A. J. 1907-1920, Wubbena, 

A. 1920 

Perkins, 1888, see Immanuel, S.D. 

Persipanny, or Boonton, now Montville. 

Perth, Fulton Co., N.Y., 1827. See Dailey Hist, of Montgomery Classis, 

126. 

Perth Amboy, N.J., 1907. (St. Paul's). Ganss, J. J. 1910 

Peters Valley, see Walpack, Upper. 
Philadelphia, Pa., churches in : 

I. [Philadelphia, (Ger.), 1726. Weiss, 1726-9, Boehm, J. 1729-47, 
Schlatter, 1746-55, (Rubel, 1751-5), Kails, 1756-7, Steiner, 1757- 
62, Rothenbergler, 1763-5, Weyberg, 1763-90, Winckhaus, 1790-3, 
Hendel, 1794-8, Helflfenstein, S, 1800-31, Sprole, 1832-7, Berg, J, 



694 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

F. 1837-52, Reed, S. H. , Bomberger, ■, Nevin, E. 

H. ]. See "Van Horn's Hist, of," 1876; "Berg's Hist, of." 

2. Philadelphia ist, (Evang. Ref . ; first in Crown St., afterward cor. 

Spring Garden and Seventh, 15th and Dauplin St.), 1S13. See 
"Mints. CI. N.B.," Vol. ii. p. 51, Ap. 21, 1813. This church con- 
sisted of the English-speaking portion of the old Ger. Ref. They 
first separated in 1806, and united with the R.D.C. in 1813. (East- 
burn, Jos. 1806-8, Burch, Jas. K. (S.S.) 1809-13), Brodhead, 
13-26, Livingston, G. R. 26-34, Bethune, 34-6, Hardenbergh, J. 
B. 36-40, Van Arsdale. C. C. 41-9, Willetts, A. A. 49-60, Suy- 
dam, 63-9, Orr, Thos. 69-83, Taylor, W. R. 84-8, Milliken, P. 
H. 1888-1909, Murphy, J. H. 1909-1911, Hicks, J. D. 1912-1917, 

Freer, H. A. 1918 . See "Evang. Quarterly," ii. 151. Also 

ii. 229, 320; iii. 230, for judicial decision concerning the prop- 
erty. Full text also in "Ch. Int.," Feb. 14, 1861. 

3. Philadelphia 2d, (Eighth St.), 1817, Hofif, 1818-24, Sears, 1825-33, 

Babbit, 1834-5, Gosman, 1835-6. (See No. 8). 

4. Philadelphia 2d, (in Ranstead Court), 1818. Now the Seventh 

Presbyterian. In 1817 the old Ger. element was driven out of the 
original Ger. Ch. and they organized a new Ger. Ch. (the 2d), in 
John St., and the original Ger. Ch. became English. — "Berg's ser- 
mon," p. 21, 22. Parker, D. 1818-20. 

5. Philadelphia, .(Manayunk), now known as the 4th, 1827. Pechin 

St. Van Cleef, C, Miss, to, 26-8, Robertson, Miss, to, 28, Kirk- 
wood, Miss, to, 28-9, Bumstead, 30-41, Quinn, 42-7, Little, 48-5C, 
Gates, 51-4, Fulton, 55-March., 65; again, Nov., 65-9, Talmage, 
P. S. 69-74, McDermond, 3 months, 75, Cook, W. W. 76-81, 
Schenck, C. 82-7,Welles, T. W. 87-9, Knox, T. 89-94, Kain, 1895- 
1909, Walter, A. J. 1910-1912, Ward, I. 1913-1916, Putnam, T. H. 

S. 1916-1917, Fry, Frank S. 1918 . See Schenck's "Hist. 

Dis.," 1885. 

6. Philadelphia, (Roxborough) , 1836. Bumstead, 1838-54, (Presbyt). 

7. Philadelphia 3d, 1837. (Tenth and Filbert St.). Bethune, 37-49. 

Livingston, H. G. 49-54, Taylor, W. J. R. 54-62. Wortman, 63-5, 
Schenck, J. W. 66-8, Wadsworth. Chas. 69-74. Van Nest, A. R. 
78-83, Stephens, G. H. (S.S.) 87, name of ch. dropped, 1889. 
The legal decision concerning the church property may be seen 
in "Ch. Int.," Nov. 16, 30, 1876. See also Wadsworth, Chs. in 
this work. 

8. Philadelphia 2d, 1852 (Seventh St.). This was a reorganization 

of the Eighth St. Church, under the lead of Dr. J. F. Berg. Berg, 
J. F. 52-61, Talmage, T. D. W. 62-9, Hartley, 70-71, Masden, 71-9, 
Rubinkam, 80-5, Clark, W. H. 86-91, Tracy, 91-5, Greene, E. W. 
97-8. Williamson, W. H. 1899-190=;, Rearick. W. R. 1908-1909, 
Ritchie, F. C. (S.S.) 1913. McKinty, T. W. (S.S.) 1916-1918. 
Disbanded 1918. 

9. Philadelphia 4th, 1862. Gramm, 1862-7. 

10. Philadelphia, (Bethune Ch), 1868. Talmage, P. S. 1868. 

11. Philadelphia 5th, (Kensington), East Susquehanna Av., 1868. Meer- 

wein, 1868-9, Stoll, 74-9, Suckow, 1879 

12. Philadelphia, Bethlehem Mission. Stryker, P. S., Miss, at, 1869. 

13. Talmage Memorial, Lyceum Av., Roxboro, 1891. Thompson, E. 

W. 92-4, Skillman, 94-6, Willoughby, 1896-1903, Schmitz, Wm. 
1904-1907, Giebel, W. H. 1908-1909, Rearick, W. R. 1909-1922. 

14. South, Lingo St., 1895. Duckworth, 96, Wyckoff, C. S. 97-8, Kip, 

I. L. 98-1900, Skillman, 1901-1903, Simpson, W. E. (S.S.) 1903. 
Pastor, 1904-1906. Dropped 1908. 

15. Bethany, Roxboro, 1901. Medd, T. H. 1904-1905. Disbanded 1910. 

See "Rev. Dr. W. J. R. Taylor's Hist, of R.D. Churches in Phil- 
adelphia." Also "Suydam's Hist. Sermon." 



THE CHURCHES 695 

Philadelphia, 1884, see Luctor, Kansas. 

Philipsburgh, now Tarrytown, N.Y. 

Phihnont, Columbia Co., N.Y., 1892. Van Vranken, F. V. 1892-1903, Flor- 
ence, F. VV. 1904-1906, Van Dyck, A. S. 1906-1914, Mann, A. I. 1915- 
1918, Andreae, M. C. T. 1918 

Piermont, Rockland Co. (Sparkill), N.Y., 1838. Crispell, 42-7, Lord, D. 
47-50, Berry, J. R. 50-1, West, 52-5, Jevvett, 57-9, Decker, 60-5, Todd, 
A. 65-71, Stitt, W. C. 72-87, Verbrycke, J. R. 87-93. Ralston, 94-1900, 
Hasbrouck, H. C. 1900-1904, Hoover, D. S. i90S-Feb.-Dec., Morris, 
J. N. 1907-1915, Muyskens, J. Jr. 1915-1918, Simpson, W. E. 1918-22. 

Piermont 2d, 1851. Van Doren, W. H. 1852-4. Disbanded. 

Piffardinia, Livingston Co., N.Y., 1847. Compton, 1850-1. 

Pine Bush, 1814, see New Prospect, N.Y. 

Pipestone, Minn., see Churchville. 

Pittsford, Hillsdale Co., Mich., 1863. Vermilye, D. 1863-6. 

Pittstown, Rensselaer Co., N.Y., 1799. Froeligh, P. D. 1802-07. 

Plainfield, (Ger.), 1858. Neef, (S.S.) 58-60, pastor, 60-4, Wolff, 65-6, 
Schweitzer, "ji, Schlieder, F. 80-6, Koechli, 87-93, Hauser, 94-1901, Jus- 
tin, J. (S.S.) 1902-1904, Schneegas, C. H. (S.S.) 1905-1912, Hauser, 
G. 1913-21. 

Plainfield, Central, Union Co., N.J., 1863. Simonson, 1864-9, Smith, N. E. 
1869-71, when the church was tranf erred to the Congregationalists. 

Plainfield, Trinity, 1880. Raymond, A. V. V. 81-7, Schenck, C. 1887-1908, 
P.E. 1908-1919, Broek, J. Y. 1908-22, Assistant, Lansdale, J. T. 1909-12. 

Plainfield, see Marconnier, Oak Tree, N.J., 1912. 

Plainfield, see Netherwood, N.J., 1910. 

Plainfield, Mich., 1913. 

Plainville, Onondaga Co., N.Y., 1850. See Dailey Hist. Mont. CI., 137. 

Platte, 1885, see Charles Mix, S.D. 

Plattekill, Cockburn, Mt. Marion, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1838. (An out-station 
of Flatbush, from 1804). Overbagh, 34-8, Brodhead, 37-41, Schenck, 
M. L. 40-53, Chapman, 54-64, Cole, S. T. 64-8, Schenck, M. L. 69-73, 
See, W. G. E. 73-84, Cole, S. T. 84-91, Roe, S. W. 1892-1903, Clist, C. 
L. 1904-1909, Gulick, G. W. 1909-1914, Seiple, Wm. H. (S.S.) 1917, 
Dickens, Wm. H. 1917-21, Kerr, J. H. (S.S.) 1922 

Pleasant Plains, N.Y., 1816. Wynkoop, P. S. 1817-22; in 1823 ch. became 
Presbyt. 

Plymouth, see Greenbush, Wis. 

Point Rock, 1856, see West Leyden, N.Y. 

Polkton, 1834, see Coopersville, Mich. 

Polkton, 1857, see Coopersville, Mich. 

Pompton, 1736, see Pompton Plains, N.J. 

Pompton, Riverdale, Pompton Lakes, Passaic Co., N.J., 1815. Field, 16-27, 
Shimeall, 28-29, De Mund, 30-9, Doolittle, H. 40-52, Gaston, 52-62, Jan- 
sen, John, 63-83, Kommers, 84-6, Trimmer, 86-90, Wilson, F. S. 1891- 
1902, Dixon, C. M. 1903 . See "Jansen's Semi-Centennial of." 

Pompton Lakes, see Pompton, N.J. 

Pompton Plains, Morris Co., N.J., 1736. There was preaching here as 
early as 1713, it being an out-station of Ponds church. In 1760, the 
Coetus party built near present site. In 1771 the two parties were 
united. (Bertholf, G. (S.S.) 1713-24, Coens, 1725-30, Van Driessen, J. 
1735-48. Marinus, 1752-73, (Blauw, Confcrcutie, 1762-8,) Meyer, H. 
1772-91, Ostrander, S. 1793-1809, Field, 13-15, Neal, 17-28, Messier, 
29-32, Talmage, J. R. 33-6, Schanck, G. C. 37-53, Shepard, 53-8, Harris, 
J. F. 58-67, Schenck, J. V. N. 67-71, Whitehead, 72-84, Teller, 85-91, 
Allen, C. J. 92-6, Hogan, J. S. 1897-1903, Sigafoo, O. L., 1904-1910, 
Foertner, F. E. 1910 . See "Schenck's Hist. Ser." 

Ponds, (Panna,) Oakland, Bergen Co., N.J., 1710. Bertholf, G. (S.S.) 
1710-24, Coens, 1730-5, Van Driessen, J. (S.S.) 1735-48, Vanderlinde, 



696 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

1748-88, Leydt, P. 1789-93, De Witt, P. 1798- 1809, Demarest, John 
12-20, Kuypers, Z. H. 25-42, Thompson, W. J. 42-5, Collins, B. V. 45- 
67, Vandewater. 69-72, Chambers, T. F. 72-6, Wilson, P. Q. (S.S.) TJ- 
9, King, A. A. 80-3, Bogardus, W. E. 84-8, Wilson, F. F. 88-90, Nie- 
meyer, 90-3, Palmer, C. L. 94-7, Foster, J. W. 97-1900, Cunningham, 
1901-1906, Rogers, R. 1907-1909, Strong, W. V. D. 1912-1918, Boone, 
I. (S.S.) 1921 . See Corwin Hist. Dis., 1910. 

Pontianak. See India. 

Pooster-Kill, Secession, Rensselaer Co., N.Y., 1824. Lansing, J. V. S. 
24-6, Bellenger, 29-77. 

Portage, Mich., 1903. Lepeltak, P. 1903-1904, Boer, H. K. 1905-1909, Men- 
ning, S. J. 1910-1915, Gruys, W. S. 1916-1918, Vander Woude, B. T. 
1919 

Porter, Midland Co., Mich., 1859. Bailey, 59-63, Beardsley, (S.S.) 64-70. 

Port Ewen, North Esopus, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1851. Taylor, W. 53-4, 
Meyers, A. H. 55-6, Van Dyck, C. L. 57-66, Arcularius, 66-81, Lippin- 
cott, 81-98, Burton, Wm. 99-1900, Polhemus, C. H. 1901-1911, Muyskens, 
J. (Jr.) 1912-1915, Sheffer, H. L. 1916-1917, Appledoorn, L. 1918 

Port Jackson, 1850, see Amsterdam, ist, N.Y. 

Port Jervis, Deerpark, (Mahackemack,) Orange Co., N.Y., 1737. Organ- 
ized and supplied by Mancius, 1737-41 ; Fryenmoet, 1741-56, Romeyn, 
T. 1760-72, Van Bunschooten, E. 1785-1797, Demarest, John, 1803-6, 
Eltinge, C. G. 17-43, Van Wyck, G. P. 44-52, Slauson, 53-7, Mills, 
S. W. 58-71, Rogers, S. J. 72-6, Voorhees, H. M. 77-9, Talmage, G. 
79-87, Taylor, L. L. 87-91, Vennema, A. 92-5, McKenzie, 1896-1905, 

Conger, Wm. 1905-1920, Mertz, J. E. 1920 • 

See "Translation of Records of," by Rev. J. B. Ten Eyck. 

Port Jervis 2d, West End, 1897. Harris, D. T. 96-9, Forbes, 1900-1906, Ap- 
pel, J. B. 1906-1909, Campbell, J. B. 1909-1911, Supplies, 1911-1913, Boyn- 

ton, A. B. 1913-1917, Smith, Henry 1918-1919, Emerick, I., 1920 . 

See West End, Port Jervis, N.Y. 

Port Jervis. See Minnisink. 

Port Richmond, 1680, see N.Y.C., borough of Richmond. 

Port Washington, (station.) Smith, N. E., Miss, to, 1845-7. 

Pottersdam, 1792, see Rockaway, N.J. 

Pottersville, Somerset Co., N.T., 1865. Tones, T. W. 67-70, Carroll, V. B. 
71-3. Davis, J. A. 73-8, Hoffman, W. H. 78-83, Schmitz, Wm. 84-6, 
Van Neste, G. J. 88-92, Prentice, 94-7, McNair, W. 1897-1904, Baeder, 
F. N. 1905-1907, Erler, J. 1907-1910, Westveer, A. 1911-1917, Ottinger, J. 
C. 1918 

Pottsville, Pa. (station,) 1830. Dumont, Miss, to, 1829, Talmage, J. R., 
Miss, to, 1829-31. 

Poughkeepsie, Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1716. Van Driessen, J., supplied occa- 
sionally, 1727-35, again, 1751, Van Schie, 1731-3, Meinema, 1745-56, 
Van Nist, 1758-61, Schoonmaker, H. 1763-74, Rysdyck, 1765-72, (See 
"M.G.S." i. 31, etc.) Van Voorhees, S. 1773-6, (Froeligh, S. 1776-80, 
Livingston, J. H. 1781-3, Gray, A. 1790-4, Brower, 1794-1808, Cuyler, 
C. C. 1808-33, Van Vranken, S. A. 34-7, Mann, 38-57, McEckron, 58-67, 
Van Gieson, 1867-1906, Case, C. P. 1907-1920, Hill, W. B. (S.S.) 1920, 
Jones, J. A. 1920 . See "Van Giesen's Hist. First Ch. Pough- 
keepsie," 1893. 

Poughkeepsie 2d, 1847. Yates, J. (S.S.) 49, Whitehead, 50-2, Hagaman, 
C. S. 53-71, Elmendorf, J. 72-86, Brown, F. A. M. 87-9, Hill, W. B. 
90-1902, Ralston, E. S. 1903-1912. Assistant, Hunter, D. M. 1899-1902. 
United with the First Reformed Church of Poughkeepsie, 1913. 

Poughkeepsie, N.Y., Arlington, 1910. Bird, A. C. 1910 

Poughkeepsie, N.Y., Emmanuel, 1914. Clapp, E. 1914-1918, Bird, A. C. 
(S.S.) 1919 — 

Poughkeepsie, N.Y., Hungarian Mission. 



THE CHURCHES 697 

Prairie City, la., 191 1. Meengs, P. G. 1911-1917, Flikkcma, G. 1918 

Prairie Home, Okl., 1907. Hoffman, J. J. 1907 

Prairie View, Kan.. 1907. Vander Ploeg, H. 1907-1908, Engelsman, J. 
(S.S.) 1909, Ossewaarde, M. 1909-1912, Mansen, F. B. 1913-20, Vander 
Beek, John, 1920 

Prairie View, Kan. See Luctor. 

Prairieville, Barrv Co., Mich., 1842. 

Prattsville, 1798. Organized as Schoharie Kill, 1798 (Windham) Labagh, 
P. 1798-1803, Schermorhorn, C. D. 1803-1809, Paige, W. 1820-1828, 
Stimpson. H. B. 1829-1832. Van Dyke, Hamilton 1833-1836, Gregory, 
T. B. 1836-1841, Depuy, 1841-1846, Wyckoff, A. V. 1846-1851, Ham- 
mond, E. S. 1852-1854, Johns, 1855-1859, Gilbert, 1861-1866, Dusenberre, 
1866-1870, Carr, 1870-1874, Garretson, James 1875-1877, Sebring, E. M. 
1877-1879, Wessells, 1887-1889, Neale, 1895-1896, Dixon, C. M. 1897- 
1903, Dangremond, A. C. V. 1903-1908, Ruleffson, E. J. 1908-1912, Van- 
derkam, P. 1914-1915, supplied 1919, Hopkins, J. D. 1921 

Preakness, Passaic Co., N.J., 1801. (Supplied by DeWitt, P. Cornelison, 
J., Romeyn, J. V. C, Stryker. P., Demarest, John, Demarest, C. T., 
Field, J. T., Van Santvoord, S., Neal, etc., 1708-1825,) Kuypers, Z. H. 
25-42, Woods, John (S.S.) Dec. 42-June, 43, Staats, 43-61, Durand, 
62-8, Cole, S. T. 68-72, Zabriskie, A. A. 73-8, Wyckoff, B. V. D. 78- 
84, Verbrycke, J. R. 84-7, Beekman, T. A. (S.S.) 87-9, Labaw, G. W. 
1889 . See Labaw's Centennial Discourse 1902. 

Prentiss, N.Y. Address of Athens, 2d, 1904. 

Prebton, see Greenleafton, Minn. 

Preston. See Wilhemina, Md. 

Princes Bay, 1900. See N.Y.C., borough of Richmond. 

Princetown, Giffords, Duanesburg, Schenectady Co., N.Y., 1821. Whiting, 
21-2, Dewing, Miss, to, 22, Van Vechten, S., Miss, to, 22-23, Blair, Miss, 
to, 24, Hardenbergh, J. B. 24-5, Blair, 25-7, Bogardus, N. (S.S.) 28? 
Lockwood. L. R. 33-4. Ingalls, (S.S.) 38-9, Davies, 43-7, Rosencrantz, 
J. 49-50, Hall, D. B. (S.S.) 56-63, Ricketts, (S.S.) 63-5, Hall, D. B. 
'65-9, Raymond, H. A., supplied, 71, Rhinehardt, 73-86, Wessells, 89-92, 
Johnston. T. C. 93-9, Strohauer, 1900-2. Lydecker, G. D. 1902-1907, Still- 
well. J. L. 1908-1916, supplied 1916. 

Prinsburg, 1894, see Roseland, Minn. 

Prospect Hill, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Pultneyville Station, N.Y., 1824. Morris, J. F. 

Pultneyville, (East Williamson), Wayne Co., N.Y., 1851. Morris, J., 
Miss, to, 24-5, Kasse, 52-61, Veenhuizen, 62-70, Bahler, P. G. M. 71-84, 
Veenhuizen, (S.S.) 85-7, Wayenberg, 88-90, Van Westenberg, 91-2, 
Van Doom, 1893-1905, Hogenboom, S. M. 1905-1908, DeHollander, J. 

1908-1910, Tellman, H. E. 1911-1920, Vander Mel, C. 1920 . See 

• Dailey Hist, of Mont. CI., 137. 

Punganur, 1908, see India. 

Quassaick. (Newburgh), N.Y., 1708. Some Reformed, but mostly Luther- 
ans. Supplied chiefly by the Lutheran ministers between New York 
and Albany. 

Queens Co., L.L, N.Y. A general name embracing the collegiate charges 
of Jamaica, Oyster Bay, Success and Newtown, and sometimes Graves- 
end. "Doc. Hist. N.Y." iii. 75, 118-296; "Smith's N.Y.," 316. 

Queens. N.Y., 1858, see New York City, Borough of Queens. 

Quincy, Adams Co., 111., 1858. Conrad, Miss, to, 1858-9. 

Rabbit River, Allegan Co., Mich. Same as Zabriskie and Hamilton. 
Racine. Racine Co., Wis., 1891. Vetter, G. 1892. 

Ramapo, Mahwah, Bergen Co., N.J., 1785. Leydt, P. 1789-93. Brinkerhoff, 
G. G. 1793-1807, Demarest, J. D. 1808-24, Wynkoop, Jef, 25-36, Allen, 



■698 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

P- 37-53, Van Doren, W. T. 53-7, Demarest, W. 58-70, Magee, 71-5, 
Nasholds, 79-80, Letson, 82-92, King, A. A. 92-1900, Van den Burg, 
1901-1904, Maines, W. S. 1905-1908, Dykema, A. C. 1909-1917, Venne- 
ma, A. 1918-1920, Farrar, J. M. 1920-21, Simpson, W. E. 1922 . 

Rnmapo, Secession. 1824. Demarest. J. D. 1824-58, De Baun, J . T. 1856-60. 

Ramsay, Titonka, German Valley, Kos. Co., la., 1886. Schaefer, D. 87-93, 
Huenemann, Jac. 93-8, Janssen, 1899-1905, Haken, G. 1907 

Ramsey's, Bergen Co., N. J., 1875. Nasholds, 79-80, Letson, 82-6. 

Randolph Centre, Cambria. After 1915, Friesland, Columbia Co., Wis., 

1893. Engelsman. 1898-1905, Vander Werf, A. 1906 

Randolph, 2nd, Randolph, Wis., 1908. Tanis, H. 1908-1911, Tietema, J. H. 

1911-1914, Wolvius, Wm. 1915-1918, Vander Meer, M. D., 1918 

Ranipettai, 1853, see India. 

Ransonville, N.Y., 1815, see Fonda's Bush. 

Raritan, Somerville, Somerset Co., N.J., 1699. Supplied by Bertholf, G. 
occasionally, 1699-1720, Frelinghuysen, T. J. 1720-48, Frelinghuysen, J. 
1750-4, Hardenbergh, J. R. 1758-81, Romeyn, T. F. 1784-5, Duryea, 
John. 1786-99, Vredenbergh, 1800-21, Van Kleek, 26-31, Messier, 32-79, 

Searle, J. P. 81-93, Cranmer, 1893-1918, Sproul, N. J., 1918 

Chartered 1753. See New Brunswick. See also "Dr. Messler's Me- 
morial Sermons and Hist. Notes," 1873. — Bi-centennial Addresses, 1899. 
Ch. Int. June 9, 1897. 

Raritan, Secessio)i. 1727. Ricgcr. 1734-9, Ar and ens. 1747-54. 

Raritan 2d, Somerville, 1834. Whitehead, 35-9, Chambers, T. W. 40-9, 
Craven, 50-4, Mesick, 55-82, Read, E. A. 1882-1908, Pfanstiehl, A. A. 
(S.S.) 1909-1913, Vale, R. E. 1913-1917, Sizoo,- J. R. 1913 . Assist- 
ant, Mulder, J. 1920 . Sketch in "Ch. Int." Dec. 10, 1863. Read's 

Sermon at 50th Anniversary, 1884. 

Raritan 3d, 1848. Stryker, P. 48-51, Cornell, J. A. H. 51-6, LeFevre, 57- 
75, Pool, 75-88, De Hart, 1888-1911, Hoffman, J. J. 1912-1914, Lumley, 
J. A. 1915 . See Ch. Int. May 25, 1898. 

Raritan 4th, {Ger.). 1879. Schlieder, F. (S.S.) 80-6, Koechli, (S.S.) 1886- 

1894, pastor, 1894-1908, Wahl, H. J. 1908-1918. Dalhoff, H. E. 1918-22. 
Raritan, (Honey Creek), Henderson Co., 111., 1854. Eltinge, C. D. 56-61, 

Bumstead, 61-75, Adam, (S.S.) 76-7, Pfanstiehl, 79-83, Van Oosten- 
brugge, 84-7, Dutton, (S.S.) 87-8, Sonnema, 89-91, Wessels, 92-3, 
Chickering, 94-7, Van Kersen, 1897-1902, Mansen, F. B. 1902-1905, 
Campbell, J. B. 1907-1908, Steketee, J. B. 1909-1915, Lawrence, C. M. 
(S.S.) 1915 . See Simonson's 25th Anniversary Address. 

Readington, (formerly called North Branch), Hunterdon Co., N.J., 1719. 
On the North Branch till 1738, when removed to Readington. Freling- 
huysen, T. J. 1720-48, Frelinghuysen, J. 1750-4, Hardenbergh, 1758-81, 
Lvdekker, Conferentie. supplied, 1767, Van Arsdale, S. 1783-7, Studdi- 
ford, P. 1787-1826. Van Liew, J. 1828-69, Van Slyke, J. G. 1869-70, 

Smock, 71-83, Wyckoff, B. V. D. 1884 . Chartered in 1753. See 

New Brunswick. See "Van Liew's Ser." "Dr. Messler's Mem. Ser- 
mons and Hist. Notes," 1873, and "Wyckoff's Hist. Disc," 1894. 

Reasnor, la., see Galesburgh. 

Red Bank, N.J., 1902. Beekman, T. A. 1902-1909, Stout, H. (S.S.) 1909- 
1910, Pleune, P. H. (S.S.) 1910-1912, Oggel, M. V. (S.S.) 1912-1914, 
Leggett, L. G. 1914-1919, Dykema, J. 1919 

Redford, Wayne Co., Mich., 1858. Michael, Dan., Miss, to, 1836-47. 

Red Hook. Formed by German Reformed and Lutheran at Pink's Corner 
between Red Hook and Rhinebeck, about 1716. Supplied by neighbor- 
ing ministers, especially Haeger, Weiss, Mancius and Rubel, of Rhine- 
beck. Became Lutheran. 

Red Hook Landing, (Old Red Church or Madalin, near Tivoli), Dutchess 
Co., N.Y., 1766. Supplied by Fryenmoet, 1766- (9?), by Kuypers, 
W. 1769-71, by Romeyn, D. 1773-5, by Van Voorhees, S. 1776-80, by 



THE CHURCHES 699 

De Rondi-. 1780, by Livingston, J. H. 1780-3; De Witt. P. 1788-9, 
Romcyn, J. 1794-1806, Kittle, 1807-15, Rudy, (S.S.) 25-35, Hangen, 
38-4C. Since 1840 only occasional services. 
The "Rh.'nebcck Records" speak of baptisms at Roode Hoeck in 1751, 

by Van Hovonbcrgh. R:v. Fryenmoet also baptized here about 1751. 

Hollanders from Kingston and Albany settled here about 1750. Smith, 

in his history of Red Hook, says, that between 1783-1807, the following 

officiated, more or less frequently : Fryenmoet, Kuypers, Rysdyck, Van 

Vocrhces, Livingston, Laidlie, Samuel Smith of Saratoga, Dirk and Jer. 

Romeyn, Cock, etc. Sec Rhinebeck, (Ger.), and Upper Red Hook. 

Rehoboth, Lucas, Missaukee Co., iMich., 1890. Classical Missionary, 90-3, 
Vanden Bosch, T. 94-8, missionary, 1898-1903, Wiersma, F. M. 1903- 
1905. Vander Hcidc, J. 1906-1911, Webinga, J. 1912-1917, Gruys, W. S. 
1918-1920, Stegeman, J. E. 1921 

Remsen's Bush, (Florida), N.Y., 1784? Maier, J. 1794. Supplied by pas- 
tors of Schenectady and Albany, 1794-1800. Romeyn, T. 1800-1836. 
United with the Church of Florida, 1808, which see. Dailey Hist 
Montgomery Classis, 2)7- 

Rem Snyder's Bush, N.Y., 1824. Ketchum, Miss, to, 1823. 

Rensselaer, Albany Co., N.Y., 1848. McCartney, 49-57, Bevier, 60-3, Ray- 
mond, 64-71, Taylor, G. L 74-89, when this church reunited with 
Boght, N.Y. 

Rensselaer ist, 1892. Before 1902 called Bath-on-Hudson, N.Y. Van 
Dorn, J. H. (S.S.) 1892-1898, Hopper, A. W. 1899-1903. Furbeck, H. R. 
T903-1907, Dangremond, G. C. 1908-1909, iMany, D. J. 1910-1918, Bul- 
ness, J. C. (S.S.). 

Rensselaer, see Blooming Grove. N.Y. 

Rer.sselaerwyck, now Albany, N.Y. 

Rex fords, Rexfordville, same as Amity, N.Y. 

Reynolds, 1707, see Schagticoke, N.Y. 

Rhinebeck, (Rein-beck) Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1715. (German.) Also writ- 
ten Rhyn-Beck. This church was organized at Pink's Corner, mid- 
way between the present Rhinebeck and Red Hook. It held its prop- 
c -ty until 1729 in union with a Luthern congregation. Shortly after 
t8;o the Reformed portion of this congregation located at Red Hook. 
About 1837 it shared the labors of a nearby Lutheran pastor, and 
nbout 1840 became the St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church of 
Red Hook. Like the Camp church at Germantown, it was independent, 
though bearing the name "Reformed." 

Supplied, more or less frequently, by Haeger, J. F. 1715-21, by Man- 
cius, 1732-42, by Weiss, 1742-6, by Schnorr, 1746-8, by Mancius, 1748- 
55, by Rubel, 1755-9, by Mancius, 1759-62, by Cock, 1763-94, (by De 
Witt, P. 1787-98?) by Schaefer, J. D. 1794-9, by Fox, 1802-23, by 
Rudy. 1823-35, by Gates, Cor. 1835-7, by (ioertner, N. W. (pastor of 
the Old Stone Church, Lutheran), 1837-40. Now Lutheran. — See 
"Smith's Hist, of Rhinebeck." This church seems to have been reor- 
ganized by Weiss, May 23, 1734. 

Rhinebeck, (Rhinebeck Flats,) Dutchess Co.. N.Y.. 1731. Supplied, more 
or less frequently, by Vas, 1731-42, by Van Schie, 1731-3, by Mancius, 
1732-42, Weiss, 1742-6, by Mancius, 1746-50, Van Hovenbergh, 1750- 
63, by Cock, Fryenmoet and Rysdyck, 1763-9, Kuypers, Warmoldus, 
1769-71, Romeyn, D. 1773-5, Van Voorhees, 1776-85, De Witt, P. 
1787-97. Romeyn, J. B. 1799-1803. Brodhead, 1804-9, McMurray, 1812- 
20, Parker, D. 20-7, Labagh, A. L (evangelist,) 26-7, Bethune, 27-29, 
Hardenbergh, J. B. 30-6, Lillie, J. 37-41, HofT, 42-51, Stryker, P. 51-6, 
Miller, W. A. 56-9, Timlow, 59-66, Talmage, G. 67-71, Peeke, A. P 
72-9. Lott, L. W. 79-84, Campbell, J. B. 85-7, Berry, J. R. 87-91, Suy- 
dam, J. H. 1891-1903, Mallery, C. G. 1904-1914, Huyler, P. E. 1914-1919, 
Blanchard, F. D. 1920. See "E. M. Smith's Hist, of Rhinebeck," and 
"Dr. J. B. Drury's Hist. Address on the Refd. Ch. Rhinebeck," 1881. 



700 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Richboro, 1864, see Addisville, Pa. 

Richfield Springs, see Columbia, N.Y., 1798. 

Richmond, 1717, see N.Y.C., Borough of Richmond. 

Richmond, 1808, see N.Y.C., Borough of Richmond. 

Ridgefield, 1770, see English Neighborhood, N.J. 

Ridgeway, Lenawee Co., Mich., 1842. De Witt, J. 42-4, Minor, 45-8, Taylor^ 

A. B. 49-52, Kershow, 53-5, Beidler, 55-6. See South Macon. 
Ridgewood, Bergen Co., N.J., 1875. Van Neste, J. A. 1875-1918, P.E. 

1918 . Cliflford, P. H. 1918 . Ch. Int., June 6, 1900. 

Ridgewood, N.J. See Paramus, N.J., 1725; Spring Valley, N.J., 1882; 
Glen Rock, N.J., 1895; Wortendyke, Trinity, 1904; Upper Ridgewood 
Community, N.J., 1917. 

Ridgewood, 1893, see N.Y.C., Borough of Queens. 

Rifton Glen, 1831, see Dashville Falls, N.Y. 

Ringle, Wis., 1905, see Forestville (Hatley). 

Riverdale, N.J., see Pompton, N.J., 1815. 

Riverside, 1885, see Paterson. N.J. 

Rochelle Park, Bergen Co., N.J., 1900. Hunter, G. M. 1901-1905. Supplies, 
1905-1912, Suit, E. C. 1912-1917, Weidner, D. C. 1918 

Rochester, Mombacus, Accord. Ulster Co., N.Y., 1701. Supplied by minis- 
ters from Kingston, Catskill and Albany, 1677-1743, Mancius, 1743-1749, 
Frelinghuysen, Jac. called 1753, but died, Frelinghuysen, H. 1756-7, 
Romeyn, D. 1766-75, supplied by Van Nest, R. 1776-7, Hardenbergh, 
J. R. 1781-5, Van Horn, A. 1789-95, Mandeville, G. 1797-1801, Wester- 
velt, R. R. 1802-8, Murphy, 14-25, Morse, B. V., Miss, to, 28, Westfall, 

B. B. 28-37, Mesick, 37-40, Wyckoff, C. 41-65, Strong, S. W. 65-70, 
Hastings, 70-6, Church, 77-92, McNair, J. L. 92-1902, Francisco, W. P. 
1902-1904, Foertner, F. E. 1905-1910, Wightman, J. C. 1911-1914, Frost, 
H. D. 1914-1918, Mead, P. H. 1918-20, Braam, L. M. 1921 . Char- 
tered, 1766, with Wawarsing and Marbletown. See Ulster Co., N.Y. 
"Doc. Hist." iii. 600. Ch. Int., Nov. 5, 1902. 

Rochester, Monroe Co., N.Y., 1852. Veenhuysen, 52-3, Wust, 56-64, Krie- 
kaard, 66-8, Bahler, P. 68-73, De Bruyn, 73-91, Schilstra, S. A. 91- 
1901, Dykstra. L. 1901-1909, Joldersma, R. H. 1909-1912, DeKraker, J. 
J. 1912-1916, Hondelink, G. 1918 

Rochester 2d, 1886. Van der Hart, E. 87-9, Vennema, A. 89-92, Hopkins, 
T. W. (S.S.) 92-3, Bates, W. H. 93-5, StefTens, C. M. 95-8, Lamar, 
J. 1898-1912, Noble, H. W. 1913-1916, Thurston, J. A. 1917-21. 

Rochester, N.Y., see Brighton, N.Y., 1892. 

Rockaway, 1740, 1813, see Lebanon, N.J. 

Rockaway, ( Potter stown), in Whitehouse, Hunterdon Co., N.J., 1792. Dur- 
yea, J. 1799-1801, Demarest, C. T. 1808-13, Schultz, 16-34, Williamson, 
P- S. 35-9, Otterson, 40-5, Talmage, G. 45-51, Comfort, 52-4, Lloyd, 
55-6, Sturges, 57-63, Van Slyke, 65-7, Bailey, W. 68-84, Conklin. M. T. 
84-90, Miller, B. C. 90-5, Lyman-Wheaton, 95-1900, Jones, H. T. 190c- 
1916, Van Raalte, A. C. 1917-1919, Van Strien, David, 1920-1922. 

Rock Rapids, la., 1915. Dekker, F. G. (S.S.) 1915-1918, Menning, S. J, 
1919 

Rock Valley, Sioux Co., la., 1891. Huizenga, J. 1891-1904. Englesman, J. 
1905-1908, Dejongh, J. 1908-1914, Dejonge, B. 1914-1917, Colenbrander, 
H. 1917 

Rock Valley, see Carmel, la. 

Rocky Hill, Somerset Co., N.J., 1857. Schenck, M. S. 57-6s. Gesner, 65- 
71, Berg, H. C. 72-9, Lawsing, 79-83, Crane, 84-92, Hogan, O. J. 93-8, 
Schmitz, Wm. 1901-1904, Conover, G. M. 1905-1909, Donovan, G. H. 
1910-1918, Corwin, C. E. 1918 

Roe, W. C. Memorial, Dulce, N.M. (Jicarilla Mission, 1921). Simms, J. 
D., missionary, 1920. 

Rome, same as Wurtsboro or Mamakating. 



THE CHURCHES 7OI 

Root, Tlow Currytown. 

Roseland, 1879, see Chicago, 111. 

Roseland, 1890, 2d Bethany, see Chicago, 111. 

Roseland, Prinsberg Svea, Kandivabi Co., Minn., 1886. Supplied, 86-94, 
Dangremond, G. (S.S.) 94-5, Kriekaard, C. (S.S.) 96-8, Dragt, 97-8, De 
Groot, D. 1899-1902, Dragt, J. J. 1905-1910, Brummel, J. 1910-1916, 
Siegers, P. 1917-21. 

Rosendale, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1843. McFarland, 44-5, Strong, T. C. 45-9, 
Eckel, 50-3, Lente, 55-63, Beardsley, 63, Bevier, 64-7, Liebenau, (S.S.) 
67-70, Pastor, 70-6, Schenck, I. S. 77-9, Westveer, 80-2, Oliver, 84-90, 
Morris, J. N. 90-3, Coombe, 54-9, Van Haagen, 1900-1902, Kershaw, 
W. H. 1902-1903. Duck, E. M. 1903-1905, Decker, E. W. 1906-1908, 
Beekman, T. A. 1909-1916. 

Rosendale Plains, Tillson, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1897. Coombe, 97-9, Van 
Haagen. 19CO-1902. Shield, F. K. 1902-1904, Grull, J. D. 1905-1907, 
Baeder, F. N. 1907-1910, Berg, H. C. 1910-1914, Millett, J. 1914-1917. 

Rotterdam ist, 1799, (Woestyne), Pattersonville, see Schenectady, N.Y. 

Rotterdam 2d, 1823, see Schenectady, N.Y. 

Rotterdam, Dispatch, Cawker City, Jewell Co., Kansas, 1871. Hoekje, 78-91, 
Van der Meulen, Jac. 92-3, Westing, 94-6, Dragt, 1897-1905, Wiersma, 
F. M. 1906-1908, Van Heuvelen, B. 1909-1911, Hoffman, John 191 1-20. 

Roxboro, 1836, see Philadelphia, Pa. 

Roxbury, (Beaverdam), Delaware Co., N.Y., 1802, records begin. Sup- 
plied by Goetschius, S. ; Overbagh ; Benedict, Abner ; and Paige, W., 
De Voe, 1802-25; reorganization, 1825. Boyd, Josh., Miss, to, 26-7, 
Paige, W. (S.S.) 2J-12, Van Dyke, H. 33-4, Bronson, A. 35-6, Knight, 
R. W. 36-41, Hillman, 43-5, Evans. C. A. 49-50, Turner, 50-62, Rhine- 
hart, 62-73, Hammond, J. W. 73-5, Miller, B. C. 75-81, Arcularius, 81-3, 
King, J. F. 83-6, Schmitz, Wm. 86-90, Demarest, N. H. 1890-1912, 
Sinclair, Wm. 1913-1918, Van Woert, H. S. 1919 . At the re-organ- 
ization in 1825, took the name of Roxbury. In 1893, incorporated as 
"The Jay Gould Memorial Reformed Church of Roxbury, N.Y." See 
Dailey Hist. Mont. Classis, in. 

'Sacondaga, (CI. Montgomery,) 1789. "Doc. Hist." iii. 684. Same as Day. 
N.Y., which see. 

"Saddle River, Monsey, Bergen Co., N.Y., 1784, till 1789 one consistory with 
Paramus. Vanderlinde, 1784-9, Kuypers, G. A. 1788-9, Blauvelt, 1790-I, 
Kuypers, W. P. 1793-6, Eltinge, W. 1799-1811, Goetschius, 14-35, 
Manley, J. 34-66, Meyers, A. H. 66-72, Bogardus, W. E. 72-84, Todd, 
W. N. 85-92, Van Kampen, 1893 . 

'Saga, 1895. See Japan. 

Sagertisses, same as Saugerties, N.Y. * 

St. Anne, 111., 1893, see Koster, Wichert. 

St. Caik, "M.G.S." i.20. An error for Sinthoick. 

St. Croix, 1744, see West Indies. 

St. Croix, Rensselaer Co.. N.Y. In town of Hoosick. See "Hist. Rens- 
selaer Co." 375. 

St. John, 1750? see West Indies. 

St. John's, same as Upper Red Hook. 

St. John's German Evangelical, see Jersey City, N.J. 

St. John's, see Oppenheim. 

:St. Johnsville, (Palatine,) Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1770. (Ger. Ref.) 
Dyslin, 1788-1812. (R.D.C. 1829). Wack, J. T. (S.S.) 1812-1816, De 
Voe. 16-30, Meyers, A. H. 30-1, Stryker, H. B. 33-4, Murphy. 34-7, 
Meyers. A. H. 37-44. Knieskern, 45-72, Lodewick, 72-5, Van Nest, G. J. 
75-9, Minor, A. D. 79-88. Furbeck, P. 88-92, Kinney, C. W. 93-8, Ho- 

gan, O. J. 1898-1909, Perkins, F. 1909-1917, Ficken, H. C. 1918 

A building for worship was built at this place as early as 1756. — See 
■"Doc. Hist. N.Y." iii 674. Dailey Hist. Montgomery CI. 84. 



y02 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

St. Nicholas, see Collegiate Church, N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

St. Paul's, Jamaica, see N.Y.C.. Borough of Queen. 

St. Paul's, Mott Haven, see N.Y.C., Borough of the Bronx. 

St. Paul's, see Perth Amboy. N.J. 

St. Peter's, German Evangelical, Kriescherville, S. I., see N.Y.C., Borough 

of Richmond. 
St. Remy, Ulster Co.. N.Y., 1864. Garretson, J. (S.S.) 65-6, Todd. \V. N. 
74-81, Compton, J. M. 84-8. Bogardus, F. M. 88-90, Millett. Jos.. 
1890-1902, Force, F. A. 1905-1909. Zabriskie, A. A. (S.S.) 1911-1913, 
Seeley, F. B. (S.S.) 1915. Supplied 19JC. 
St. Thomas, 1660, see West Indies. 
Salem, 1785, see New Salem, N.Y. 

Salem, McCook, Co., S.D., 1884. Cotton, 85-7, vacant, 87-91. Zwemer, F. J. 
91-2, vacant, 92-6, Barny, W. F. 1896-1900, Christ. J. 1902-1905. Dropped 
1908. 
Salem, see Yankton, S.D. 
Salem, Little Rock, Lyon Co., la.. 1894. Janssen, R. 1895-1909. Aeilts, 

E. 1910 

Salisbury, Herkimer Co., N.Y., 1822. Ketchum, 1822-3. De Voe, (S.S.)' 
1824. Became Presbyterian 1824. See Doc. Hist. N.Y. iii. 674, 696. 
Dailey Hist. Montgomery CI., 126. 
Salt River, Alercer Co.. Ky., 1796. Labagh, P., Miss, to, 1796-7, Kyle, 1804- 
16. In 1817. CI. New Brunswick recommended it to become Presby- 
terian. [Clcland. Thos. (Presbyt.), 1816-25. The building was then 
occupied by ttie Cumberland Presbyterians for 20 years, 1825-45]. 
Dutch emigrants began to locate at Salt River. Ky.. in 1781. They came 
chiefly from Conowago. York Co., Pa., and from Hanover. Adams Co., Pa. 
A few came directly from Bergen and Somerset Cos., N.J. Collins, in his 
history of Kentucky (vol. ii. 523), says: "The first Dutch emigrants came 
to White Oak Springs, one mile above Boonesborough, in 1781. This com- 
pany consisted of Henry Banta, Sr., Henry Banta, Jr., Abraham Banta, 
John Banta. Samuel Duryee. Peter Duryee. Daniel Duryee. Henry Duryee, 
Albert Duryee, Peter Cozart, (or Cozad), Fred Ripperham, and John 
Plenty. They purchased 1200 acres of land, which is known as "The Low 
Dutch Tract." But the accuracy of some of these statements of Collins, 
about first location, is questioned. 

There were, however, later companies of Dutch emigrants to Kentucky. 
A large body left Conowago. Pa., in 1793, for "the cane lands of Kain- 
tuckee." The journey took many weeks in large, heavy wagons. They 
cam.ped out at night in the wilderness, but always rested on the Sabbath 
day, and held religious services. After crossing the mountains they 
reached the upper waters of the Ohio. They descended the river in flat 
boats, the shores being infested with hostile savages. They landed at 
Limestone, now Maysville, Ky.. and again started with their wagons for 
Upper Salt River, near the present town of Harrodsburg. They drove 
cows before them all the way. and some of their milk was churned daily, 
by the motion of the heavy, spr'ngle s wagons, and furnished them butter 
on their journey. The records of Mercer Co.. Ky.. show the purchase of 
44 tracts of land between 1789 and 180 3 by these Dutch emigrants. Among 
the names are those of Banta. Cozine. Nourse. Demaree, (Demarest), 
Stagg, Lite, (Lej'dt). DeMott. Smock. Terhune, Vories, (Voorhees), Van 
Nuys, Bice. (Boice or Beys), Verbrycke, Huff, and others. The settle- 
ment near Boonesborough, notwithstanding Collins' assertion above, prob- 
ably took place later, and from these Dutch emigrants of Mercer county. 
And although they took no minister with them, they at once began to 
conduct religious services among themselves. They began a Saturday 
evening Prayer-meeting in 1800. which on Aug. 25, 1900, celebrated its 
Centennial. 

In 1796 occurred the visit of Rev. Peter Labagh to this region. He was 



THE CHURCHES 7O3 

sent by the Synod to visit this distant settlement. He went from Hacken- 
sack, N.J., all the way on horseback, and returned in the same way. While 
there he organized a Reformed Dutch Church. On Dec. 22, i8oc, David 
Adams and Klizabeth, his wife, sold three acres of land on the dry fork 
of Salt River, Mercer Co., Ky., to John Verbrycke. Isaac Vanice, (Van 
Nuys), and Peter Conine, for £4 los. for said church. As soon as the 
"sleepers" were put in place, a dedicatory prayer was offered. Its walls 
were filled in with mud, and it stood for more than a century, and was 
known as "The Old Mud Meeting House." 

Domine Thomas Kyle emigrated also from Pennsylvania to Kentucky, 
but had settled in Washington County. In 1802 he bought land in Mercer 
County, and became the pastor of this Dutch church, 1802-16, when he 
became a Methodist. Meantime, emigration of some of these Dutch into 
Henry County, and states north of the Ohio, was taking place, and the 
old Dutch church became Presbyterian. See Conowago, in this work ; 
also Rev. Jas. K. Demarest's "Hist. Disc, of Presbyt. Ch. of Gettysburg, 
Pa.," 1876; also Scomp's "Old Mud Meeting House," at Salt River, Ky.^ 
igoo; also Thos. M. Banta's "A Frisian Family," or "The Banta Geneal- 
ogy." Christian Intelligencer, March 20, 1901. 
Sambas, see India. 

Samsonville. 1851, see Krumville, N.Y. 
Sanborn, la., 1915. Van Zyl, B. R. 1915-1920, Mansen, F. B. 1920-21, Bak- 

ker, A. 1921. 
Sand Beach, 1810, see Owasco Outlet, N.Y. 

Sandham Memorial, Monroe, S.D., 1883. (At first known as Marion). 
Harmeling, S. J. 83-94, Reeverts, 95-7, classical missionary, 1897-1901, 
Winter. J. E. (S.S.), 1901-1905, Brummel, J. 1906-1908, Winter, J. E. 
1908-1911, Haverkamp, A. 1911-1916, Roggen, J. A. 1917-1922. 
Sandham Memorial, see Case Township, Moore, Okl., 1906. 
Sand Hill, now Canajoharie, N.Y. 
Sand Ridge, 111. Meulendyk, (S.S.) 1877-9. 
Sandstone, Friesland, Minn., 1903. Kots, J. W. 1903-1905, Stegeman, Wm. 

1907-1914, DeLange, T. L. 1915-1919, Deelsnyder, C. W. 1920 . See 

Friesland. 
Sandusky City, (CI. Michigan), 1855. Kuss, 1855-6. 

Saratoga, ( Schuylerville.) Saratoga Co., N.Y., 1770. Drummond, 1771-7, 
reorganized, 1789. Smith, S. 1789-18CO, stated supplies, 1800-1803, Close, 
McDowell, Zebriskie, Demarest, Paige, Duryea, P. H. 1803-28, Boyd, 
H. M. 29-34, May, ^4-9, Jones, D. A. 39-44, Chester, 44-50, Searle, 
S. T., 50-7, Merrill, 58-61, Lansing, A. G. 62-8, Collier, I. H. 69-74, 
Van Doren, D. K. 74-82. Chapman, J. W. 83-5. McCullom, 86-91, 
Hainer. 92-5, Brandow, J. H. 1895-1905, Weidner, D. C. 1905-1913. 

Kinney, C. W. 1913 . See Brandow's Story of Old Saratoga. 

Saugatuck, Mich., 1868. Brock, D. 70-5, Nies, 76-9, Groeneveld, 81-2; dis- 
banded. 
Saugerties, N.Y., 1839. Ostrander, H. 1839-40; Van Santvoord, C. S. 
1840-54, Elmendorf, J. 1855-62, Gaston, J. 1862-9, Thompson, J. B. 
1869-71, Cobb, S. H. 1871-83, Wortman, 1883-1901, Hunter, D. M. 
1902-1910, Wemple, J. V. 1911-21. Sheffer, H. L. 1922 . See Flat- 
bush, (Glasco) Blue Mountain, Katsbaan. 
Legally, the organization dates back to the coming of the Palatines to 
West Camp in 1710. Historically and as a fact, the church of Saugerties, 
which had unsuccessfully petitioned for an organization during the pre- 
ceding*five years, became a church separate from Katsbaan in 1839. The 
village of Saugerties began in 1825, when manufacturers availed them- 
selves of its great water power. See Katsbaan. 

Sayville, West Sayville, Suffolk Co., N.Y., 1866. Jongeneel, L. G. 66-71. 
Van Emmerick, 73-88, Cronsay, 88-90, Hoffman, J. 93-9, Schilstra, E. S. 
1900-1910. Dyke, Jacob 1911-1912, Muller, C. 1913-1920, Van Antwerpen, 
A. E. 1920 



704 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Scarsdale, N. Y., 1913. Harper, J. H. (S.S.) 1913-1917, Hallenbeck, C. A. 
1917-1920. See Greenville, N.Y. 

Schaghticoke, Reynolds, Rensselaer Co., N.Y., 1707. Supplied by Freling- 
huysen, T. quarterly, 1745-59, by Westerlo, 1760-73; Van Bunschooten, 
E. 1773-85. De Ronde, supplied, 1776-84, pastor, 1784-95, Paige, 1793- 
1801, Ostrander, S. 1810-21, Switz, 1823-9, Marcellus, 1831-4, Boyd, 
H. M. 1835-41, Ackerson, 1842-4, Meyers, A. H. (S.S.) 1844-8, Fonda, 
J. D. 1848-56, Van Brunt, (S.S.) 1857-61, White, G. 1864-9, Viele, 1871- 
2, Cole, S. T. 1872-9, Ackerman, 79-85, Shafer. T. 86-9, Gordon, M. R. 
90-4, Macardel, 94-7, Ficken, 1898-1902, Harper, J. A. 1905-1909, Class- 
ical Missionary, 1912-1917. See Doc. Hist. i. 245, Ecc. Rec. N.Y. 

Schenectady, Schenectady Co., N.Y., churches in : 

1. Schenectady, ist, 1680. (An out-station of Albany, 1662-80. See 

Flats). Supplied by Schaats, 1662-80, Tesschenmaeker, 1684-90, 
supplied by Dellius, 1690-9, Freeman, 1700-5, supplied by Lydius, 
1702-9, [Barclay, Episc. 1710-15], Bower, T. 1715-28, Erickzon,' 
1728-36, (chartered, 1734), Van Santvoord, C. 1742-52, Vrooman, 
1754-84, (Eng. Lang, began to be introduced), Romeyn, D. 1784- 
1804, Sickles, (colleague), 1794-7, Meyer, J. H. 1803-6, Bogardus, 
C. 1808-11, Van Vechten, 14-49, Taylor, W. J. R. 49-53, Seelye, 
J. H. 53-8, Seelye, E. E. 58-64, Wortman, 6';-70, Vermilye, A. G. 
71-7, Griffis, 77-86, Sewall, 86-99, Raymond, A. V. V. (S.S.) 
99-1900, Zelie, 1901-1903, Lunn, G. R. 1904-1909, Potter, C. J. 

1910 . 

See "Ecc. Rec." ; "Col. Docs.," see Index, Schenectady ; par- 
ticular references to the church, iv. 541, 727, 729, 72,2, 767, 833, 
835, 983, V. 656, vi. 160, vii. 398, viii. 282. "Doc. Hist." i. 179-195, 
242, 340, iii. 536, 540, 552, 628, 685. "Smith's N.Y.," 305. "Mag. 
R.D.C." ii. 328. "Manual and Directory of the Church of," 1878. 
Schenectady, ist Ch. Memorial, at 200th Anniversary, 1880. 

2. Rotterdam, (or Schenectady 2d), Pattersonville, 1799. Van Zandt, 

P. 1818-22, Searle, J. 23-7, Boyd, Josh. 28-36, Mead, 44-9, Jukes, 
56-62, Lowe, J. 63-90, Hill, Alex. 1890 

3. Glenville ist, (or Schenectady ist, of Fourth Ward, 1814. Van 

Zandt, P. 18-22, Slingerland, 24-33, Bunnell, 35-8, Ingalls, 40-51, 
Meyers, A. H. 52-4, Burghardt, 55-61, Peeke, G. H. 61-3, Minor, 
64-73, Randies, 73-81, Hill, W. J. 82-4, Nickerson, N. F. 85-91, 
Morton, 93-5, Mclntyre, Jos. 95-8, Rogers, R. 1898-1907, Rey- 
nolds, F. T. B. 1911-1913, Nies, M. G. 1914-1918, DeHollander, J. 
A. 1918-1920, Dumont, W. A. 1920 . 

4. Scotia 1st (Before 1910 Glenville 2d) Schenectady Co., N.Y., 1818. 

Murphy, 1826-34, Stryker, H. B. 34-7, Swift, 37-42, Crocker, 42- 
8, Vedder, E. 49-51, Williamson, N. D. 51-5, Slingerland, 57-60, 
Berry, P. 62-3, Wilson, F. F. 64-70, Bookstaver, A. A. 70-1, 
Johnston, A. '72-5, Vander Wart, 76-83, Van Doren, D. K. 83-5, 
Doig, 85-92, Gordon, M. R. 85-1901, Roberts, H. B. 1901 

5. Rotterdam 2d, 1823. Searle, J. 1823-7, Boyd, Josh. 1828-40, Nott, 

1841-54, Spaulding, 1856-60, Schoonmakei, R. L. 1861-70, Davis, 
W. P. 1870-4, (supplied by Storer, M. J., a Lutheran, 1874-5,) 
Van Allen, 1876-83, Vander Veer, L. 83-91, Knox, J. C. 1891- 
1904, Nashlods, Wm. H. 1906-20. 

■6. Schenectady 2d, (Jay St.) 1851. Duryea, L G. 52-8, (Dean, 58-9, 
pending the lawsuit,) Van Santvoord, C. S. (S.S.) 59-61, Du 
Bois, A. 62-9, Phraner, 70-5, Crocker, J. N. (S.S.) 76-8, Law- 
rence, E. C. 78-80, Kipp, P. E. 81-7, Hinds, 87-91, Cole, P. H. 

91-7, Talmage, G. E. 1898-1907, Meengs, J. G. 1907 . See 

"Year Book," 1900. 

7. Schenectady 3d (Ger.) (College st.) 1854. Schwilk, 1856-68. 



THE CHURCHES 705 

8. Bellevue, 1892. Enders, (S.S.) 93-4, Thyne, (S.S.) 94-7, Hogan, 

R. J. 1897-1915, De Young, C. 1916-1921, Thurston, J. A. 1921. 

9. Mont Pleasant, 1892. V'anderveer, L. (S.S.) 92-6, Herman, A. B. 

1897-1915, Schwitters, E. O. 1916-1919, Compton, W. E. 1920 

10. Woodlawn, 1910. Van Oostenbrugge, C. 1911-1912, Ballard, 

B. 1913-1915, Willoughby, H. C. 1916 

Schodack, Muitzeskill, Rensselaer Co., N.Y., 1756. Fryenmoet, 1770-8, 
Romeyn, J. V. C. 1788-94, Bork. 1789-1808, Fonda, Jesse, 1809-13, 
Van Buren, P. 14-20, Johnson, I. Y. 21-3, Bennet, 24-8, Van Santvoord, 
S. 29-34, Gray, J. 35-46, Bailey, 47-56, Snyder, 56-69, Peffers, 69-73, 
Veenschoten, 74-86, Plass, Norman,' 86-7, Birdsall, 88-92, Shaw, J. 
94-6, McCuIIy, 97-1900, Van Oostenbrugge, C. 1900-1906, Doyle, D. P. 
1906-1914, Fisher, J. W. 1915-1919, Robinson, W. L. 1920-21. 

Schodack Landing, 1858. Was united with the Ch. of Schodack, 1859-66. 
Kip. I. L. 67-74, Leggett, 75-82, Hendrickson, 82-7, Nasholds, 87-91, 
Crane, 92-1900, Foster, J. W. 1900-1902, Van Dorn, D. K. 1902-1907, 
Sauerbrunn, L. F. 1908-1912, Campbell, D. G. 1913, Maas, H. W. 1914- 
I(;i6. 

Schoharie (Huntersfield), Schoharie Co., N.Y., Foxendorp, Wyersdorp, 
1720-30. First record in the Church Book is dated 1728. Haeger, J. F., 
was preaching in this region 1710-1721, Oehl, 1724-30. Pastors: Erick- 
son, R. 1730-31 and 1732-6, Weiss, G. M. 1731-2. Schuyler, J. 1736-56, 
Goetschius, J. M. 1756-60, Rosencrantz, A. 1760-65, co-pastor using the 
German language at the Foxendorp building, Westerlo, E. 1761-64, 
using the Dutch language at the Wysersdorp building (Middleburgh), 
Schuyler, Johannes, 1766-79. During the year 1779-85, several min- 
isters supplied the church of whom the following were identified : 
Gross, J. D., Van Nest, R., Gebhard, J. G., Schuneman, J. (The 
church was independent, 1785-1821). (1788 Collegiate connection with 
Middleburgh was severed). Schneyder, 1785-7, Broffel, J. C. L. 1788-95, 
Peck, D. C. (S.S.) 1797-8, Van Nest, R. (S.S.) 1798, Schaefer. J. D. 
1800-1820, Weidman, 1821-36, Scribner, 1836-9, Robertson, 1839-43, 
Weidman, (S.S.) 1843-4, Wells, R. 1844-57, Crispell, C. E. 1857-63, 
Cobb, S. H. 1864-70, Vedder, E. 187 1-3, Handy, 1874-80, Todd, A. F. 
1880-84, Smart, 1885-92, Handy, 1892-1904, Brandow, J. H. 1905-08, 
Van Ess, J. 1909-11, Kinney, C. W. 1911-13, Clowe, C. W. 1913-14, 

Conklin, W. D. 1915-18, Miller, A. J. 1921 . "Doc. Hist." iii. 397, 

423-5, 628-31. "Col. Hist." V. 575. "Smith's N.Y.," 306. "Sims' Hist, 
of Schoharie Co." "Mag. R.D.C." iv. 172. "Cox's Herkimer," p. 4. 
\'osburgh's Researches for N.Y. Genealogical and Biographical Society. 

Schoharie Kill, 1798. Labagh, P.' 1798-1803, Schermerhorn, C. D. 1803-09. 
Dropped, 1846. See Prattsville. See Dailey Hist, of Mont. CI. 126. 

Schoharie. Lower, 1770. Merged in Church of Schoharie. See Dailey 
Hist, of Mont. CI. 127. 

Schoharie, Upper, 1732. See Middleburgh. See Dailey Hist, of Mont- 
gomery CI. 127. 

Schoharie Mount, 1808, see Howe's Cave, N.Y. 

Schoteau, same as Shokan. See "Mints. Gen. Syn." i. 314. 

Schraalenburgh, Bergen Co. N.J. 1724. Erickson, 1725-8, Mancius, 1730-2, 
Curtenius, 1737-55, Goetschius. J. H. 1748-74, Romeyn, D. 1775-84, 
Froeligh, S. 1786-1822, seceded. See Ecc. Rec. N.Y." — "Centennial 
Hist. CI. of Paramus." 

Schraalenburgh, Secession. 1822. Froeligh, S. 1822-7, Blauvelt, C. J. 
1828-52, Hammond, E. S. 1858-62, Van Houten, 1862-6. 

Schraalenburgh, Du Alont, 1756. Schuyler, 1756-66, Blauw, 1768-71, Kuy- 
pers, W. 1771-97, Romeyn, J. V. C. 1799-1833, Cole. L 29-32, Garret- 
son. J. 33-6, Osborne, 37-41, Blauvelt, C. J. 42-58, Gordon, W. R. 
58-80, Seibert, G. A. 81-91. Cotton, 1892-1905, Gulick, C. W. 1906-1918, 
Spring, J. C. 1919 . See Ecc. Rec. N.Y. 



706 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Schuyler, (station) Herkimer Co., N.Y. Snyder, H., Miss, to, 1829-30. 

Schuylerville, see Northumberland. 

Schuylerville, 1770, see Saratoga, N.Y. 

Scotia, 1818, see Schenectady, N.Y. 

Scotland, Bonhomme Co., S.D., 1894. Called Ebenezer until 1906. Classi- 
cal Missionary, 1893-1896. DeWitz, C. F. 1897-1899, Koerlin, E. F. 
1902-1906, Schaeffcr, F. 1908-1918, P. E. 1919, Frerichs, J. B. 1919-21, 
Linnemann, A. 1922 

Seaside Chapel, 1878, see Long Branch, N.J. 

Seattle, Wash., 1919. Immanuel, Classical Missionary, 1919. Flipse, M. 
1921 

Secaucus, Hudson Co., N.J., 1882. Supplied by students and others, 1882- 
1904, Hopper, A. W. (S.S.) 1904, Supplied, 1908-1911, Stube, C. F. 
(S.S.) 1912-1915, Muste, C. B. (S.S.) 1915-1916, Suit, E. C. 1917-1918, 
Howard, J. R. 1920 . 

Second River, 1700, now Belleville, N.J. 

Selkirk, 1763, see Bethlehem ist, N.Y. 

Sempronius, N. Y. Out-station of Owasco, N. Y. Brinkerhoff, G. G. 1808- 
1813. See Dailey Hist, of Mont. CI. 134, Biog. Rec. N.B.T.S. 52. 

Shandaken, Shokan, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1854. Hammond, J. W. 54-6, Betts, 
56-61, Peeke, A. P. 62-5, Brush, A. H. 65-7. Hammond, J. W. 67-73, 
Westveer, 74-6, Beekman, A. J. 76-83, McGibbon, 83-6, Bergen, J. T. 
86-9, Kinney, 91-3, Niemeycr, 93-8, Palmer, C. L. 1899-1902, Ciowe, C. 
W. 1903-1905, Brink, H. W. 1906-1914, Gulick, G. W. 1915-1917, 
Blanchard, F. Dr. 1917-20. 

Shannick, same as Neshanic. 

Sharon, Potter Co., Pa., 1797? Gray, 1797-1819. 

Sharon Centre, (Dorlach), Lawyersville, Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1788? Bork, 
1796-8, Labagh, I. 1801-11, Jones, N. 1816-21, Raymond, 29-32, Bassler, 
33-8, Frazee, 38-40, Chittenden, 41-5, Bogardus, N. 46-8, Eckel, 49-50, 
Julien, 52-3, Jones, N. W. (S.S.) 55-6, ■ Raymond, 56-64. Van Woert, 
67-71, Shaffer, 71-4, Carr, 75-7, Kershow, (S.S.) 77-9, Parsons, 81-5, 
Miller, E. 86-7, Phelps. P. T. 89-94, Messier, I. 97-1901, Wurtz, W. A. 
1902-1909, Smith, C. W. 1913-1918, Frost, H. D. 1918-22. 

Sharon, Secession, {Independent) , 1827. BcUengcr, 1829-77. 

Shawangunk, Bruynswick, VVallkill, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1737. United with 
Kingston until 1750. Schuneman and Vrooman, 1753-4, Goetschius, J. 
M. 1760-71, Van Nest. R. 1774-85, Froeligh, M. 1778-1813, Polhemus, 
H. 1813-16, Wilson, A. D. 16-29, Mandeville, H. 29-31, Bevier, 31-43. 
Alliger, 43-50, Scott, 51-66, Spaulding, 68-82, Hageman, P. K. 82-90, 
Palmer, R. V. 90-3, Dixon, Jos. 93-99, Vandeburg, 1899-1904, Gulick, 
G. W. 1904-1907, Vandeburg, S. 1908-1920, Goebel, G._ A. T. 1921 

Shawnee, Okl., 1907-191 1, see Horton Atemorial. 

Sheboygan, W'is., see Hope, Sheboygan, Wis. 

Sheboygan Falls, Sheboygan Co., Wis., 1856. Harmeling, 92-3, Sietsema, 
94-8, Zwemer, F. J. 1898-1903, De Jong, P. 1904-1907. Tietema, J. H. 
1907-1911, Flikkema, B. M. 1912-1917, Vander Ploeg, H. 1918-1919, 
Lubbers, R. J. 1920 . See Gibbsville, Wis., Hingham, Wis. 

Sheldon, Sioux Co., la., 1895. Dykhuizen. 98-1901, Van Arendonk, 1901- 
1904, Stegeman, Wm. 1904-1906, Rozendal, A. 1907-1909, Vander Naald, 
H. 1910-22. 

Shiloh, S. C, see Bethel, S. C. 

Shimonoseki, 1914, see Japan. 

Shokan, (Ashokan.) Ulster Co., N.Y., 1791. Goetschius, S. 1796-1814, 
Carle. 14-26, Hendricks, J. 26, Boyse, Miss, to, 26-9, Roosa, 30-4, 
Amerman, T. A. 35-8, Harlow. 38-49. Hammond, J. W. 48-9. Voor- 
hees, J. N. 49-51. Hammond, J. W. 52-6, Betts, 56-61, Abby, L. A., Oct. 
6i-Ap. 62, Peeke. A. P. 62-5, Brush, A. A. 65-7, Hammond, J. W. 
67-73, Westveer, 74-6, Beekman, A. J. 76-83, AIcGibbon, 83-6, Bergen, 



THE CHURCHES 707 

J. T. 86-9, Emmerick, 89-90, Kinney, 90-3, Niemeyer, 93-8, Palmer, 
C. L. 1899-1902, Clowe, C. W. 1903-1905, Brink, H. W. 1906-1914, Gu- 
lick. G. W. 1915-1917, Blanchard, F. D. 1917-20. See Christian Intelli- 
gencer Sept. 5, 1900. 

Siam, see India. 

Sibley, 1894, see Baker, la. 

Sibley, la.. 1914. (Classis of Germania). Classical missionary, 1914. 
Potgeter. H. J. (Jr.). 1915-1918, DeVries, J. M. 1919 

Sibley. la., ist. 1917. (Classis of East Sioux). Hoffs, H. 1917-1919, Furda, 
E. 1919 ■ 

Silver Creek, Meekin, German Valley, Ogle Co., 111. (Ger.) 1851. Zur- 
cher, (S.S.) 53, Wagner, 56-61, Aluller, J. 61-72, Steffens, 72-8, Matzke, 
78-87, Beyer. 1888-1905, Schnuecker, G. 1907-1916, Kroesclie, A. C. 

^917 " 

Silver Creek, Maple Lake, Wright Co., Minn., 1894. Dangremond, G. 94-5, 
Te Paske, 1898-1901, supplies, 1902-1905, Gruys, Wm. 1905-1909, Stege- 
man, Wm. 1909, Dragt. J. J. 1910-1913, Lammcrs, B. W. 1914-21, Sieg- 
ers. P. 1921 

Sinthoick or Sincock, 1789, afterward Stillwater, N.Y. 

Siokhe, 1889, see China. 

Sioux Centre, Sioux Co.. la., 1877. (Formerly called West Branch). De 
Pree, Jas. 1880-1910, Lubbers, F. 1910 

Sioux Centre, la., 1899. Central. (Received from the Presbytery of Sioux 
Centre). Classical missionary, 99-1900. Heemstra, J. F. 1900-1904, De- 
Jonge, B. 1904-1912, Ossewaarde, M. 1912-1916, Haverkamp, A. 
1916- . 

Sioux City. la., 1915. Boer, H. K. (S.S.) 1915-1916, Colenbrander, H. 
1916-1917. 

Sioux Falls. Livingston Memorial, Minnehaha Co.. S.D., 1883. Living- 
ston, E. P. 83-5, Skillmaii, 85-93. classical missionary, 93-5, Kingsbury, 
L. 95-9, classical missionary, 99-1900, Ruigh, 1900-1, classical mission- 
ary, 1901-1902, Schipper, H. 1902-1905, Winter, J. E. 1905-1908, Ahiys- 
kens. Arie 1909-1911. Dropped 1917. 

Six Alile Creek. (CI. Cayuga,) 1827. Mandeville, G. 1828-31. 

Six Mile Run, Franklin Park, Somerset Co., N.J. (Three Mile Run) 1710. 
Van \'leck. P. 1710-12, Frelinghuysen, T. J. 1720-47, (Arondeus, Con- 
fcrcntic. 1747-54.) Leydt. J. 1748-83, (chartered, 1753, see New Bruns- 
wick,) Van Harlingen, 1787-95, Cannon, 1797-1826, Romeyn, Jas. 28-33, 
Sears. 33-80. Taylor, W. R. 79-84, Mulford, 85-9, Blauvelt. G. M. S. 

89-1901, Case, C. P. 1902-1907, Keator, E. H. 1908 

For sketch, see "Ch. Int." Sept. 28. 1876. Also "Steele's Hist. Disc," 

New Brunswick, 1867. "Millstone Centennial," 1866. "Dr. Messler's Hist. 

Notes." 1873. Streng's Articles on the Church of North and South 

Hampton. Pa. "Mulford's Hist. Discourse." 1885; and "Prof. Hinke's 

Church Record of Bensalem and Neshaminy. Pa.." in "Journal of Presbyt. 

Hist. Soc." 1901. Keator, Hist. Six Mile Run Ch., 1710-1910. 

Sixty-eighth St., .see N.Y.C.. Borough of Manhattan. 

Smith Memorial, 1922. see Teaneck. N.J. 

Smithficld. Pike Co., Pa.. 1737. (This was a preaching station from 1725, 
for the miners in the vicinity). Fryenmoet, 1741-53. Land having 
been given for a Presbyterian church in 1750, (a stone church being 
soon erected), it became, apparently, Presbyterian. But it was sup- 
plied occasionally by Mancius, 1737-41, by Fryenmoet, occasionally, 
1753-6, and Romeyn, T. 1760-62, and also by Presbyterian ministers. 
It was not formally organized into a Presbyterian church till 1816. 
See "Mills' Hist. Disc, of Ch. of Walpack" and "Davis' Hist. Disc, of 
Ch. of Smithfield." 

Smithfield. Sussex Co., N.J.. 1760-70? Referred to in "Mints. Classis of 
New Brunswick in iSii." Vol. ii. p. 14. See Hardwick and Knowl- 
ton. N.T. 



708 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Snell's Bush, 1770, now in Manheim, N.Y. 

Sodus, N.Y., 1911. Wiersma, F. M. Classical missionary, 1911-1914, Meulen- 
dyke, J. 1914-1916, Hogenboom, G. H. 1917-1920, Lammers, B. W. 
1921 

Somerset, Miami Co., Kansas. 1871. Beekman, J. S. (S.S.) 71-2, Mayou, 
1872-6. 

Somerville, Somerset Co., N.J., see Raritan, N.J. 

Sophiasburgh, 1810, see Canada. 

Sourland, 1727, same as Harlingen, N.J. 

South Barnard, Charlevoix, Mich., 1915. Classical Missionary, 1915 

South Bend, St. Joseph Co., Ind., 1849. McNeish, 49-52, Beidler, 53-4, 
Evans, C. A. 56-7, Van Doren, W. T. 57-9, Peeke, G. H. 60-1, Skill- 
man, 68-72, (reorganized, 1870,) Williamson, 72-96, Winter, J. P. 97-9, 
Dyk, Jacob 99-1901, Rothenberger, I. 1902-1906, Moerdyke, P. 1908- 
1914. Dropped 1915. 

South Bergen, 1874, see Jersey City, N.J. 

South Blendon, Hudsonville, Farowe, Ottawa Co., Mich., 1883. De Jong, 
G. 87-90, Pool, Wm. 90-3, Poot, 95-6, Scholten, 1896-1908, Siegers, P. 
1909-1913. Wiersma, F. M. 1913 

South Bound Brook, see Bound Brook, N.J. 

South Branch, (Branchville), Somerset Co., N.J., 1850. Dater, Henry. 
1850-3. Pitcher. Wm. 1854-79, Davis, Wm. E. 1879-83, Loucks, Joel 
1884-92, Sperling, Is. 1893-1917, Gosselink, M. G. 1918 . See "Sperl- 
ing's Hist. Discourse at Semi-Centennial," 1900. 

South Brooklyn, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

South Bushwick. 1891, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

South Carolina. Johnson, W. L. (Miss, in.) 1869-74. See Orangeburgh. 
S.C. 

South Church, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

South Fallsburg. see Fallsburgh, N.Y. 

South Gilboa, Schoharie Co., N.Y. (see Blenheim,) 1859. Buckelew, 59- 
64. Generally supplied by Presbyterian ministers of Stamford, 4 
miles away. Richards. L. E. 82-5, Scarlett, J. H. 93-9, Bergmans, J. C. 
(S.S.) 1902, Ruliffson, E. J. (S.S.) 1904-1908, Hess, N. (S.S.) 1911- 
1913, Ziegler, V. (S.S.) 1916-1919, Stevens, C. N. 1919 

South Haven, Van Buren Co., Mich., 1872. Boer, Miss, at, 74-6, Dangre- 
mond, 78-84, classical missionary, 1884-1902, John, C. C. A. L. 1902- 
1909, Classical Missionary, 1909 

South Holland, Mich., 1849. (Part of Church of Graapschaap). Van der 
Schuur, 49-51. United With Assoc. Refd. Ch. 1852. 

South Holland. (Low Prairie), Cook Co., 111., 1855. Ypma, 55-61, Bolks, 
62-5. Koopman, 65-8. Zw-emer, 68-70. Buursma. 72-8, Kremer, 79-83, 
Moerdyke, Wm. 84-6. Van Houte. J. 86-91, Broek, J. 1893-1905. Harmel- 
ing. H. 1906-1909, Van Duine, A. M. 1910-1912, Schuurmans, H. P 
1913-1917, Muilenburg, T. W. 1919 

South Little Rock. Osceola Co.. la., 1894. Missy, A. 96. 

South Macon, Lenawee Co., Mich., 1863. (Formerly Ridgeway). Skill- 
man, 63-8, Moerdyk, R. P. 69-71, De Spelder, 73-84, Dutton, 84-;; 
Gulick, J. I. 91-5, Jongewaard, 1897-1901, Scarlet, G. W. 1902-190?, 
Dropped 1908. 

South Manor, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

South Millbrook, see Millbrook, N.Y. 

South N.Y.C.. see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

South Pass, Nebraska. 1877. 

Southwest Troy, see West Troy, South, N.Y. 

Sparkill, see Piermont. 

Sparta, (station). Stevenson, Miss, to, 1827-8. 

Spokane, Wash., 191 8. Classical Missionary. 

Spotswood, Middlesex Co., N.J., 1821. Van Hook, Miss, to, 19-20 



THE CHURCHES 709 

McClure, J. 22-5, Rice, H. L. 25-34. Van Liew. J. C. 34-41, Betts, 42-5, 
Knight, W. 46-7, Manning, 47-54, Wandewater, 55-67, Willis, 68-80, 
Harmeling, S. J. 81-3, Spaulding, C. 83-90, Morton, 90-1, Harris, J. F. 
91-3, Van Doren, W. H. 94-5, Bayles, J. O. 95-1901, Strohauer, 1902- 
1905, Reynolds, F. T. B. 1905-1911, Fasten, T. C. (S.S.) 1911-13, Pas- 
tor, 1913-1919, Bloodgood, C. E. 1920 

Spraker's, N.Y., 1858. Wales, 59-61, Bogardus, N. 61-6, Van Zandt, B. 
(S.S.) 67, Van Doren, D. K. 69-73, Ackerman, 74-8, Compton, (S.S) 
78-83, Elinor, J. 84-5, Thomson, J. A. 87-1902, Campbell, J. B. 1905- 
1907, supplies, 1907-1909, Bedford, C. V. W. (S.S.) 1909-1911, Eliason, 
H. A. (S.S.) 1912-1914, pastor, 1914-17, Scheengas, C. H. 1919-21. 

Spraker's Basin, (Westerlo,) Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1790. Toll, 1803-22, 
Labagh, I. (S.S.) 1823-7, Van Olinda, 1830-1, Various supplies. Re- 
organized as the Church of Spraker's 1858. 

Spraker's Basin Secession, 1822. Toll, 1822-1842. See Dailey Hist. Mont- 
gomery Classis 83. 

Spring Creek, Navarre, Gary, Minn., 1902. Supplied by Classis. Hibma, T. 
1921 . See Bejou, Minn. 

Springfield. 1884. see Immanuel. S.D. 

Spring Garden. 1813, see Philadelphia, Pa. 

Spring Lake (Manito), Tazewell Co., 111., 1854. Bumstead, 56-62, Gulick, 
A. V. 66-72. Gilmore. 73-81. Force. F. A. 82-6. Ziegler, 87-8, Wyckoff, 
C. S. 91-4, Winter, J. P. 94-7, Drake. E. A. 1897-1903, Shafer, Theo. 
1904-1907, De.Tong, P. C. 1910-1912, Shafer, Theo. 1916-21. 

Spring Lake, Ottawa Co., Mich., 1870. De Pree, Jas. 70-80, Zwemer. J. F. 
79-3. Joldersma. 84-6. Kolyn. 86-8, Hekhui.^, G. T. 88-91. Zwemer. A. 
91-8. Hofifman. B. 98-1902, Nettinga. S. C. 1903-1909. Frieling, H. 1910- 
191 1, Vander Schaaf. J. J. 1912-1916, Mollema, H. 1917— — - 

Spring Vallev, West New Hempstead, Kakiat, Rockland Co., N.Y., 1865. 
Brock, 65-9. Smith, M'. B. 69-71, De Witt, R. 71-6. Van Pelt, D. 77-8, 
Lansing. J. A. (S.S.) 79. Crispell. C. 1879-1905, P.E. 1905-1910, Martin, 
J. 1905-1908. Wyckoff, A. C. 1909 

Spring Valley, Maywood, Ridgewood, Bergen Co., N.J., 1882. Graham, 
J. E. 82-4, supplied, 84-7, Harris. J. F. (S.S.) 87-90, supplied, 1890-1919. 

Spring \^alley. 111., 1909, see Ustick, III. 

Squampamuck, 1775. Afterward revived in the Ch. of Ghent. 

Staatsburgh. probablv an error for Stoutsburgh. or x'icc 7rrsa. See Hvde 
Park. 

Stanton. (Alt. Pleasant). Hunterdon Co., N.J., 1833. Van Arsdale, J. R. 
35-50. Doolittle. H. 52-72, Cornet. 72-6, Martine, 76-82, Pitcher. C. W. 
82-7, Wcstvcer, 87-90, Bolton, 90-5. Bird, 1896-1903, Westveer, A. 1904- 
1909, Goebel, G. A. T. 1910-1916, Muller. E. T. 1921 

Stapleton, 1851, see N.Y.C., Borough of Richmond. 

Staten Island, 1680, see N.Y.C., Borough of Richmond. 

Steen. Minn.. 1914. Classical Missionary, 1914. Bosch, G. 1915-1921, De 
Jonge. A. W. 1921 

Steinway, 1891, see N.Y.C.. Borough of Queens. 

Sterling. N.Y. (near Aurelius). (North Sterling. 1855). DeFraest. D. R. 
1825-1828. See Dailey Hist, of Montgomery Classis. 134 and 137. 

Stewart.sville. Brown's Station. West Hurley. Ulster Co.. N.Y.. 1877. Blau- 
velt. C. (S.S.) 77-9. Staats, B. 79-82. Stanhorough, 82-5, Bahler, L. H. 
85-7. Zabriskie. A. A. 1900-1904. Dropped 1909. 

Stickney. Aurora. S.D., see Aurora. 

Stillwater. .Sussex Co., N.J., 17 — . Supplied by Wack, C. 1782-1809, and 
partly by Wack. J. J. 1798-1805, reorganized 1814, Van Hook, Miss, to, 
1822, (Presbyterian). 

StiHwater, Saratoga Co.. N.Y., (Sinthoick), 1789. Paige, W. 1793-1807, 
Froeligh, P. D. 1802-7. 

Stirling. 1824. De Fraest. 1825-8. 



710 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Stissick, (Ger.), 1750. See New and Old Stissing, N.Y. 

Stissing. See Galatin, N.Y. 

Stockport, 1843, see Ghent 2d, N.Y. 

Stone Arabia, Fort Plain, N.Y., 1711 (?). Supplied occasionally by Oehl, 
Schuyler and others. 1743-51; Werring, (or Wernich), 1751, Rosen- 
crantz, 1756-8. 1760-70, Gros, J. D. 1790-80, occasionally, Peck, D. C. 
A. 1788-1800, Labagh, I. 180G-03, Wack, J. J. 1805-27, Morris, J. 1827-9, 
Ketchum, 22-30, Westfall, 38-44, Jukes, 44-50, Van Liew, J. C. 50-56, 
Bogardus, N. 57-8, Van Dyck, L. H. 61-7, Compton, 68-72, Van Ben- 
schoten, 72-80, Stanbrough, 81-5, Thomson, J. A. 87-91, Palmer, C. L. 
97-9, supplies, 1900-1914, Stanton, R. A. 1914-20, Dickens, \V. H. 

1921 . See sketch, Ch. Int., July 31, 1845, Fort Plain Register, 

March '25, 1887, Dailev Hist. Mont. CI., 88. 

Stone Arabia, (Ger), 1801 ? Wall, (or Wack, J. J.), 1803? 

Stone Arabia, Independent, 1816. Wack, J. J. 1816-27. 

Stone Arabia. (Lansingburgh), 1788? 

Stone House Plains, Brookdale, Essex Co., N.J., 1801. Stryker, P. (S.S.) 
1801-9, Durvee. J. (S.S.) 1805. Stryker, P. 10-14, Duryee, J. (S.S.) 
14-18; also Van Santvoord. S. (S.S.) 16-18, Stryker, P. (S.S.) 18-26, 
Tarbell, 27-8, Hillman, 30-41, Hammond, E. S. 42-4. Thomson, W. 
45-6, Quinn, 47-9, Liddell, 49-50. Wiseman, (S.S.) 51-2, Talmage, P. S. 
53-65, Statesir, 66-72, Kershow, 73-80, Van Fleet, 80-3, See. W. G. E. 
83-92, Bogardus, W. E. 1892-1908. Name changed to Brookdale, 1903. 
See Brookdale, N.J. Bogardus' Centennial Discourse, 1901. 

Stone Ridge, N.Y., known as Marbletown, N.Y., 1737-1915. which see. 
See Lyonsville, Krumville, N.Y. 

Stout, Par'kersburg, la., 1907. Schaefer, D. (S.S.) 1902-1908 — paster, 1908- 
12, Reeverts, F. 1912 

Stoutenbergh, or Stoutsburgh, now Hyde Park. See also Staatsburgh. 

Strasbergh, N.D., 1917. Classical Missionary, 1917-1919. Duiker, R. 
1919 

Stuyvesant. Columbia Co., N.Y., 1827. Garretson, J., Miss, to, 26-7, Heer- 
mance. Henry, Miss, to, 27-8, Cahoone, Miss, to, 28-9, Cornell, F. F., 
Miss, to, 30-1, Garretson, G. I. 32-4, Kittle. 35-46, Nevius, Elbert, 46- 
86, Collier, G. Z. 86-9, Furbeck, G. W. 90-8, Rockefeller, D. G. 1898- 
1906, Beaver, J. P. 1907-1908, Luther, M. F. 1909-1912, Schneegas, C. 
H. 1913-1918, Hock, G. C. 1920 -. "Mag. R.D.C." ii. 57. 

Stuyvesant's Bowerie, 1660. see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Stuyvesant Falls, Columbia Co., N.Y., 1859. Bates, 60-1, Swick, 61-3, 
Kip, I. L. 64-7, supplied by Bogardus, W. E. 67-8, Wells, R. 68-71, 
Fowler, 74-80, Schermerhorn, H. R. 81-2, Van Alen, L. (S.S.) 83, Nev- 
ius, E. (S.S.) 86-9, Hieber. 92-3, Hopper, A. W. 94-9, Faber, J. P. 
1899-1901, Van Haagen. H. C. 1902-1904, supplied, 1904-1913 Luther, 
M. F. 1913-1916, Howard, J. R. 1918-1920. 

Success, L.L, 1730. Disbanded, 1829, the church of North Hempstead tak- 
ing its place. See pastors under North Hempstead. 

Sully, 1888, see Bethany, la. 

Sully, la., 1904. Bruins, B. 1905-1907, Hoffman, J. 1968-1911, Deelsnyder, 
C. W. 1914-1918. 

Summit, 1824, see Eminence. N.Y. 

Summit, Cook Co., 111., 1899. See Chicago. 111. 

Sunnyside, 1896, see N.Y.C.. Borough of Queens. 

Sun Prairie, Dane Co., Wis.. 1843. Slingerland, 1844-6. 

Sunshine Chapel, see Collegiate Church Chapels, N.Y.C., Borough of Man- 
hattan. 

Susquehannah, Pa., 1768. Supplied by the ministers of Conowago and 
Hanover, Pa. ; which see ; also, probably, by some of the German 
Reformed ministers of the vicinity; Grey, Andrew, 1793-6, Manley, 
Wm. 1 798- 1 800. 



THE CHURCHES /I I 

Sujdam St., see New Brunswick, N. J. 

Svea, Minn., 1886, see Roseland, Minn. 

Swartstown. 1839. 

Syracuse, Onondaga Co., N.Y., 1848. Cornell, J. A. H. 48-51, Berry, J. R. 
51-7, Talmage, T. D. W. 59-62, Elmendorf, J. 62-5. Searle, Jer. 66-8, 
Berger. 69-75, Van Slyke. E. 76-85, Coddington, W. P. (S.S.) 87-8, 
Mulford, 89-97, Cole, P. H. 1897-1907, Dobbs, J. F. 1908-1915, Warren. 

U. G. 1916-1920, Bennett. W. L. (S.S.) 1920-21. Pastor. 1921 . See 

Dailey Hist. Mont. CI., 98. 

Syracuse 2d, 1895. Maar, Chs. 95-9, Mallery. 1899-1904, Huyler. E. 1905- 
1914. Van Dyck, A. S. 1915-21. Kirkwood, T. J. 1922 . See Chris- 
tian Int., Dec. 10, 1902, Dailey Hist. Mont. CI., 100. 

Syria. Van Dyck, C. V. A. 1840-95, Berry, P. 1861-5. See "Anderson's 
Hist. Missions of A. B.C. P.M. to Oriental Churches" and Van Dyck, 
C. V. A. in this work. 

Taghkanick (Livingston Manor. West Copake), Columbia Co., N.Y., 1758. 
(Name changed to West Copake. Nov. 15. 1822). Fryenmont, 1758-70, 
supplied four times a year by Gebhard. 1777-97, occasionally by Living- 
ston. J. H. 1779-81. by Lansing. N. 1781-4; Romeyn, J. 1788-93. Labagh, 
L 1799-1800; Vedder. H. 1803-47, Murden, 47-50, Lyall, Wm. 51-65, 
Mills, G. A. 66-70, Church, 70-7, Garretson, J. C. 77-91. Furbeck, P. 
92-7, Compton, W. E. 97-1902, Randolph, E. T. F. 1903-1906. Harris, D. 
T. 1907-1916. 

Tainter, la., see Bethlehem, la. 

Talmage Memorial, 1891, see Philadelphia, Pa. 

Tappan. Rockland Co., N.Y.. 1694. Supplied by Bertholf, G. 1694-1724, 
also occasionally by Du Bois, G., and Ritzema ; Muzelius, 1726-49, Ver- 
bryck, 1750-84, Lansing, N. 1784-1835, Cole, L (S.S.) 29-31, pastor, 
31-2. and 33-64. Bla'uvelt. G. M. S. 64-82, Williamson, W. H. 83-9, 
Oliver. 90-1902. Compton. W. E. 1902-1910, Lewis, H. A. 1911-1919, 

Conklin, M. T. 1920 . See "Ch. Iiit.," Mar. 17, 1881.— Rev. Dr. 

David Cole's "Hist, of Church of Tappan," 1894. See Orange. 

Tappan. Secession. 1825. Lansing. J. V. S. 1826. 

Tarrytown, (Philipsburgh) , Westchester Co., N.Y., 1697. Supplied by 
Bertholf, G. 1697-1724, occasionally by G. Du Bois, 1699-1750, Boel, 
I7I3-54' ^y Ritzema, 1744-76; Van Voorhees, 1785-8, Jackson, J. F. 
1791-1806, Smith. T. G. 1808-37. Du Bois, Geo. 38-44, Wilson, Jos. 45-9, 
Ferris, J. M. 49-51. (Schenck. J. W. 49-51), Stewart, 52-66, Thomp- 
son, J. B. 66-9. Allen. J. K. 1870-1920. P.E. 1920 , Scholten. W. A. 

1921 . See "Ecc. Rcc. N.Y." "Doc. Hist." iii. 76. "Stewart's Hist. 

of"; and "Two Hundredth Annivensary of the Old Dutch Church of 
Sleepy Hollow." J 897. See also Dr. Cole's Translation of the Rec- 
ords of this Church, with Registers of Members. Officers. Baptisms and 
Marriages. 1901. 

Tarrytown 2d. 1851. Ferris. J. ^^. 51-4. Todd, J. A. 55-86, Knox. Tabor, 
87-9, Thomas. E,. E. 89-94, Mabon. A. 1895-1910. Hageman, G. R. 1910- 
1913. Boeve. L. 1914 

Teaneck. N. L. Smith Memorial. Communitv (Bogota). 1922. Shield, 
F. K. (Sr!). (S.S.) 1922 

Teashok (Tiossiock. Tiashoke, Tyashoke). Now Buskirk's Bridge. N.Y. 

Thayer. 1894. see DcMotte. Ind. 

Thirteenth Place. 1853. see Chicago. 111. 

Thirty-fourth St.. 1895. see N.Y.C.. Borough of Manhattan. 

Thomas. Okl.. 1906. Clowe. C. W. 1906-1907, Waters, S. A. 1908, Scud- 
der. L. W. 1908-12. Dismissed to Presbyterian Church. North, 1911. 

Thompson's Lake, see Berne, 2d. N.Y. 

Thousand Isles. Jefferson Co.. N.Y.. 1851. Davenport. Miss. to. 47-50, Du 
Bois, A. 50-4. Rockwell. Geo. 54-77. De Vries. 77-82. Lawrence, E. C. 



712 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

82-8, Evans, C. P. (S.S.) 89, Collier, G. Z. 90-6, Van Hee, Is. 97-i?oi, 
Benjamin, 1002-1922. See "Rockwell's -Hist. Discourse," 1874. Dailey 
Hist, of Mont. CI., loi. 

Three Bridges. Hunterdon Co., N.J., 1874. Oakey, P. D. (S.fe.) 73-6, 
Lane, (S.S.) 77-80, Birdsall, 80-4, Hill, Eugene, 85-90, Voorhees, O. 
M. 1891-1903, White, B. F. 1904-1910, Kalemjian, M. N. 191 1 

Three Mile Run. Middlesex Co., N.J., 1703. This church was continued 
at this place for about half a century. The churches of Six Mile Run, 
1710, and New Brunswick, 1717, finally superseding it. It was sup- 
plied, occasionally, by Frelinghuysen, T. J. 1720-48, by Arondeus 
(Conferentie), 1747-54, and by John Frelinghuysen. 1750-4. The Ten- 
nents and other Presbyterian ministers occasionally officiated here. 
See "Corwin's Millstone Centennial." 1866, p. 29; "Steele's Hist. 
Disc," 1867; "Messler's Hist. Notes." Many references in "Ecc. Rec. 
N.Y." 

Three Oaks, Mich., 1883. Dangremond, Gerrit, (S.S.) 85-9, Fnehng, H. 
98-9, Kriekaard, C. 1899-1905, Vanden Bosch, T. M. 1907-1910, Klooster, 
F. 1910-1913 . Furda, E. 1915-17, Te Paske, J. W. 1918 

Thule, 1886, see Van Raalte. S.D. 

Thumansville, 1856, now Callicoon, N.Y. 

Tiashoke, see Buskirk's Bridge. 

Tillaborough, Fulton Co., N.Y.. 1767. This church never had a settled 
pastor, but occasional supplies. It has been extinct except for a legal 
fiction since 1865. See Dailey Hist. Mont. CI., 128. 

Tillson, N.Y., see Rosendale Plains, N.Y., 1897. 

Timmonsville, S.C, 1903 (Zion). Spaan, M. C. 1903-1911, Wilkinson, A. 
J. (S.S.) 1912 

Tindevanam. 1876, see India. 

Tioga, see Union. 

Tiossiock, now Buskirk's Bridge, N.Y. 

Titonka, 1886, see Ram.say, la. 

Tokyo, 1869, see Japan. 

Tompkinsville or Brighton Heights, 1823, see N.Y.C., Borough of Rich- 
mond. 

Tompkinsviile 2d, (Ger.), i860. Ditto. 

Tong-an, 1895, see China. 

Toronto, 1806, see Canada. 

Totowa, 1st, 1755, see Paterson, N.J. 

Totowa, 2d, 1827, see Paterson. N.J. 

Tottenville. 1855. see N.Y.C.. Borough of Richmond. 

Trenton, Mercer Co., N.J., 1841. Wack, C. P. 1841-4. 

Trinitv, 1869, see Newark. N.J. 

Trinity, 1887, see Plainfield, N.J. 

Trinity, 1891, see Chicago, 111. 

Trinity, 1892, see Amsterdam. N.Y. 

Trinity, 1904, see Wortendyke, N.J. 

Trinity, 1907, see East Belfast. Maine. | 

Trinity, 1908. see West New York. N.J. 

Trinity, 1908, see Grand Rapids, Mich. 

Trinity, 1911, see Holland, Mich. 

Trinity, see Orange City, la.. 1919. 

Trinity. 1919, see N.Y.C.. Borough of Brooklyn. 

Trov, N.Y., see Blooming Grove, N.Y. 

Tulsa. Okl.. 1908. Hunter J. B. 1908. Whitacre, H. W. 1909. 

Turner. 1882, see Van den Berg, S. D. 

Tuscarora, Schuylkll Co., Pa., 1797. Gray, A. 1797-1819, Dumont, Miss, to, 
1829-30. 

Tuscarora, Livingston Co., N.Y., 1810. 

Twelfth St., Brooklyn, 1850, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 



THE CHURCHES 



715 



Twin Brooks. S.D.. 1914. Dragt. J. T. (S.S.) 1917 

Twin Lakes. Kalamazoo. Holland. Muskegon Co.. Mich.. 1875. Dangre- 
mond. G. 79-84. Classical Missionaries, 1884-1903. John. C. C. A^ L. 
1903-1909, Douma. R. W. 1914-1917, Cook, M. 1918-1919, Vandcn Heu- 

vel, A. J. 1920 

Two Rivers. III. (station). Wilson. C. D.. Miss, to, 1867-77. 
Tyashoke, or Tiossiock. now Biiskirk's Bridge. 

Tyndall. S.D., 1910. Avon. S. D.. Classical Missionary. 1910 

Tyre, Malcolm, Waterloo. Clyde. Seneca Co., N.Y., 1836. Gray, W. 1839- 
46, Compton, 47-50. Van Arsdale, J. R. 50-64, Whitbeck. R. M. 64-8, 
Blauvclt. C. supplied. 70. Buckelew. 71-6. Van Doren, J. H. 76-82, Cole, 
S. T. 82-4, Ruhle, 85-7, Gulick. J. 88-91, Roe. S. 91-2. Van Blarcom[ 
95-6, Rcderus. S. 96-1901, Boughton, C. M. (S.S) 1905-22. 

Ulster Co., N.Y. Consisting of the churches of Rochester. Marbletown. and 
Wawarsing. which were chartered as one corporation. 1766. "Doc. 
Hist. N.Y." iii. (4to ed.), 6on. "Smith's N.Y.," 308. "Col. Hist" ii 
592. 
Ulster Park. 1791. see Esopus, N.Y. 

Unadilla, Otsego Co.. N.Y.. 1794. Also church of "Union," 1794. 
Union, (at Tioga. Broome Co., N.Y. "M.G.S." i. 448, Chenango), 1794. 
Cornehson. J. Miss, to, 1794. Became Presbyterian about 1S24. See 
Dailey Hist, of Mont. CI., 117. 

Union (near Chenango), N.Y. See Dailey Hist, of Montgomery CI., 117. 

Union, Alontgomery Co., N.Y. (Johnstown), 1809. Palmer. S. (S.S.) 
1809-18. Van Vechten. S.. Miss, to, 23-4, Vanderveer, J., Miss, to, 23, 
Van Ohnda, Miss. to. 24. DuMont, Aliss., 26. See Dailey Hist. Mont- 
gomery CI., 117. 

Union, 1821, see Amsterdam. N.Y. 

Union, Albany Co., N.Y., 1825. (New Scotland, Delmar, Jerusalem). 
Boice, I. C. 26-9. Fort. 30-6, Westfall, 37-47, Jones. D. A. 48-50. Mur- 
den, 50-4, Compton. 54-60. Gulick. A. V. 60-4, Ballagh, W. H 65-8 
Demarest. Wm. 71-4, Compton. 75-8. Alillspaugh. 78-85, Scarlett, J. 85- 
93. Beekman, T. A. 1893-1902 Lehman. E. V. W. 1902-1909, McLond, 
N. (S.S.) 1910-1913. Van Ess. Jacob (S.S.) 1914-21. 

Union, 1848. see Delmar. N.Y. 

Union. 1874, see High Bridge. N.Y.C.. Borough of Bronx. 

Union Reformed. 1879, see Paterson, N.J. 

Union, 1907. see Edgerton. Minn. 

Union, Secession, (at Amsterdam.) 1822. Palmer, 1822-9. 

Union Village, 1803, see Nassau. N.Y. 

Union Village. Greenwich, Washington Co., N.Y.. 1812. Duryee. P H 
1812-14. Christie, Jas. 1815-18. Durvee, P. H. i8i8-20.Fonda. I D 
20-35. Van Zandt. B. 36-42, Morris. H. 43-8. Marvin, 48-55, Van Sant- 
yoord, C. 55-8. Steele. J. 58-65. Cochran. A. G. (S.S.) 65-67, Van 
Home. D. 67-8. Hoyt. A. S. 68-71. Smart, 72-81, Mills, B. Fav, 81-3, 
Shafer. Th. 84-5, Scoville. 86-1921. 

Unionville. Neperan. Hawthorne. Westchester Co., N.Y., 1818 Smith T 
G. 1820-37. Maule. 37-9, Robb. (S.S.) 39. Moore. W. S. 40-50 See f L 
50-4, Moore. W^ S. 56-64, Bogardus, W. E. 65-7, Bertholf. T. H 67-9 
Van Dyke. L. H. 70-6, Harris. H. 76-83. W^essels, 84-7, Mattice. 88-9, 
Jongeneel, Jas. 90-5. Kuiper, Alb. 1896-1905, Harris, H. 1906-1900, 
Forbes. J. C 1910-1918. Black. J. 1918 

Unionville, (Claraville. Upper Neversink. Grahamville). Sullivan Co NY. 
1849. Bernart. 51-6. Jones. D. A. ^8-63, Hammond. J. W. 63-7 'Turn- 
er. (S.S.) 67-72. vacant. 72-7. Alilliken. R. P. (S.S.) 77-83, Lane, G. 
85-8. Coombs. 90-3. Ruhl. 95-1898. Hauser, G. 1905-1906. 

Unity, 1918, see Muske.gon. Mich. 

Upper Community Ridgewood, see Upper Ridgewood Community. 



714 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Upper Montclair, 1897, see Montclair Heights, N.J. 

Upper Neversink, 1849, see Unionville, N.Y. 

Upper Red Hook, (St. John's), Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1788. (See Rhine- 
beck, Ger. 1715, and Red Hook Landing). De Witt, P. 1788-91, 
Romeyn, Jer. 1794-1806, Kittle, 1807-33, Thompson, F. B. 1834-6, 
Hangen, 1837-40, Ward, 1841-5, Johnson, J. G. 1846-70, Myers, H. V. S. 
1871-4, Scudder, Jos. 1875-6, Scudder, E. C. 77-85, Lydecker, G. S. 86- 
98, Maar, 1900-1903, Clapp, E. 1904-1913, Mulford, H. D. B. 1913-1918, 
Smith, C. B. (S.S.) 1919, Pastor, 1921 

Upper Ridgewood Community, N.J.', 1917. Terhune, J. A. 1917 

Upper Schoharry, 1732. see Middleburgh, N.Y. 

Upper Walpack, Bingham's Ferry. Pa., 1862, see Walpack. Upper. 

Ustick, Morrison, Spring Valley, Fulton Co., 111., 1909. Roetman, Z. 1909- 
1912, Kruys-Voorberge, J. P. J. 1912-1918. Wynveen, B. J. 1918-21. 

Utica, Oneida Co., N.Y., 1830. Labagh, J., Miss, to, 1827-31, Bethune, 31-4/ 
Mandeville, H. 34-41, Knox, J. P. 41-4, Wiley, 46-50, Fisher, G. H. 
55-9, Knox, Chas. E. (S.S.) 60-2, Vermilye, A. G. 63-71, Hartley, 71- 
89, Root, Oren, 89-94, Crispell, P. 94-1902, Root, Oren (S.S.) 1902-1904, 
Holden, L. H. 1904-21, Hospers, H. O. 1921 ■. Dailey Hist. Mont- 
gomery CI., 103. "Mag. R.D.C." ii. 319. See Flats. 

Uyeda, 1876, see Japan. 

Valley Springs, S.D., 1917. Classical Missionary. DeLange, T. L. 1919 

Valley Stream, L.I.r N.Y., 1913. Fischer, J. W. (Jr.) 1913-1915. 

Vanden Berg, Turner Co., S.D., 1882. (Known also as Turner, Holland, 
and Hooker). Warnshuis, H. W^ 82-91, Nickerson, 91-6, Miedema, 
96-9, classical missionary, 1897-1903. Dropped 1903. 

Vanderveer, Morgan Co., Ill, 1841. Hillman. 1841-2, Schultz, J. N. 1843-7, 
Westfall, S. V. E. 1853. Ayres, 1854-6. 

Van Nest, see Peekskill. N.Y. 

Van Raalte, (La Grace, Thule), S.D., 1886. Zwemer, F. J. 87-92, Har- 
meling, S. J. 93-4, classical missionary, 1894-1902. Dropped 1905. 

Van Vorst, ist, 1846, see Jersey City, N.J. 

Van Vorst, 1909, see Jersey City. N.'j. 

Y'eddersburgh, Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1799. Ten Eyck, C. 1803-4. I" 1812 
became Presbyterian. 

Vellore, 1853, see India. 

Vermilye Chapel, 1890, see N.Y.C., Manhattan. 

Vermilye Memorial, Colony, Lawton, Okl., 1907. Legters, L. L. 1907-10, 
Sluvters, H. 1911-13, Baxter, J. H. 1913, Dykema, I. 1913-15, Harper, 
R. H. 1915 

Vesper, Arpin, Wis., 1917. Voorberge, J. P. J. K. 1918-21. 

Virgin Islands, see West Indies. 

Visscher's Ferry, 1802, see Amity, N.Y. 

Vogel Centre, Missaukee Co., ]\Hch., 1890. Venema, S. 92-1900, Classical 
Missionary, 1900-1901. Disbanded 1907. 

Volga, Brookings Co., S.D.. 1904. Grull, J. D. 1911-1917. 

Voorheesville, N.Y., see Clarksville, N.Y., New Salem, N.Y. 

Vriesland, Ottawa Co., Mich., 1851. This ch. was organized as a ch. inde- 
pendent of the State Ch., in the Neths. Nov. 19, 1846. It emigrated as 
a body, with its pastor. Rev. M. A. Ypma, in 1847, beginning its regu- 
lar services at Vriesland. Mich., in August of that year. Joined 
R.C.A. 1850. Pastors: Ypma. 1847-52, Zwemer, A. 58-68, Uiterwyck, 
69-72, De Pree, P. 72-82, Niemeyer, G. 84-86, Vander Ploeg, 87-90, 
De Jonge, G. 1890-1912, Mollema, H. 1912-1917, Vandenberg, A. 1918- 
20, Duven. M. J. 1921 . See "Hist, of Ottawa Co., Mich.," p. 108. 

Wakonda, 1886, see Olive Leaf, S.D. 

Walden, Orange Co., N.Y., 1835. Scribner, J. M. 39-41, Whitehead, Chas. 



THE CHURCHES 715 

42-9. Schoonmaker, M. \'. 49-88, Demarest. \V. H. S. 88-97, Schorap, 

1897-1911, Sizoo, J. R. 1911-1917, Bayles, T. F. 1917 . See 55th 

Anniversary. 1893. See Berea. 

\\'aldensian Congregation, see N.Y.C.. Borough of Alaiihattan. 

^^■aIci\vick. X. T., 1907. MacCready, R. H. (S.S.) 1912-1913, \'an Kampen, 
I. (S.S.) 1915 

W'allkill. now Montgonicrv. 

Wallkill \'alley, Wallkill.' Ulster Co., N.Y., 1869. Lippincott, 72-7. De- 
Witt, R. 77-89. Conklin, M. T. 90-1900. Vandermeulen. John 1901-1903, 
Maar, Chas. 1903-1907. Verwey. D. G. 1908-1916. Deilotts. G. 1916- 

1921. Kanter, H. 1921 . See Grahamville, Xew Hurley. Shawan- 

gunk. X.J. 

Walloons. "Doc. Hist. X.Y." i. 23. "Brodhead's X.Y.." see Index. 

Walpack, Lower.* Monroe Co.. Pa.. 1737, Flatl)rookvil]o. (Consisting of 
two congregations. Bushkill and Walpack). Supplied occasionally by 
Mancius. 1737-41. Freyenmoct. 1741-56, also Rosencrantz. 1745-6. 
Romeyn, T. 1760-72. Yan Bunschooten. 1785-99. Force, 1808-27, De- 
mund, 27-9. Cushing. (S.S.) 31-2. Schanck, G. C. 34-5. Hyndshaw, 36-9, 
Pitts. 41-60, McWilliam. (S.S.) Oct. 60-1, June; pastor. 61-70. Shaw. 
70-7. Rex. 78-87, Whittakcr. 92-1900. Beale. J. R. (S.S.) 1904-1905. 
Schinitz, Wm. 1909-1016. Langwith. F. A. 1918-192C. 

AYalpack, Lower. 1827. This church was organized on account of trouble 
growing out of a case of discipline : but the parties soon agreeing, the 
new organization was disbanded. — "Mints. CI. Xew Brunswick." 1827. 

Walpack. Cpper, Pike Co.. Pa.. 1862. (Consisting of two congregations, 

Dingman's Ferry and Peter's Valley). Jones, X. W. (S.S.) 61-2, 

Garretson, G. S. 63-83. Allen. J. M. 87-92. Myles. 96-1900. Grull. J. D. 

1903-1905. 

See "Dr. Mills' Hist. Discs, of Walpack," 1874, and "Port Jervis." 1878. 

Wanaque. Passaic Co.^ X.J.. 1899. Walter A. J., student pastor, 1898-99, 
Scudder, E. C. 1901-1903. Staats. B. B. 1905-1907, Depue. F. E. 1907- 
191 1, Deck, H. A. 1916-1919, Huizer, J. (S.S.) 1919-21, Van Dyck, 
Alex. S. 1921 

Warren. 1829. see Henderson. X'.Y. 

Warren. Somerset Co.. X.Y. (Ger.) 1855. (Had before been an independent 
Lutheran Church.) Friedel. 55 Oerter. 56-8, Xeef, (S.S.) 58-60. pastor. 
60-4, Wolff. 65-6. Schnellendreussler. 69-70. Xozc Coin/rcf/atioiial. 

Warren Co.. X.Y. (stations.) Stryker. H. B.. Miss. to. 1822-3. 

Warwarsing, see Wawarsing. 

Warwick. Orange Co.. X.Y.. 1750. [Organized as a Presbyterian Ch. ; 
Elmer. Jonathan. 1750-4. Parkhurst. Samuel. 1762-8. Lewis. Amzi. 1772- 
7. Joline. John. 1795-1802.] Organized as a Refd. Dutch Church. 1804. 
Hardenbergh. C. 1804-8. Christie. J. L 12-35. ^ an Keuren, 36-7. Stew- 
art, J. W. 38-42. Vanderveer. F. H. 42-76. Carroll. \'. B. 76-86, Cris- 
pell. P. 87-93. Knox. Taber. 1894 

Washington. 1814. and Gibbonsville, see Watervliet. 

Washington, 111.. 1847. Schultz, J. N. 1849-51. 

Washington. Ackley. Hardin Co., la.. 1880. Schuelke. 80-91. Krueger, 
H. T. 92-8, De Beer. J. 1899-1903, Schaefer. J. 1903-191 1, Bruns. F. H. 
1912-1915. Bonte, G. W. 1917 

Washington Heights, 1843. see X.Y.C.. Borough of Manhattan. 

AVaterford. (Halfmoon.) Saratoga Co.. X.Y.. 1771. Lupton, 1788-9, Close. 
179. -1804. Dwight. 22-6. Labagh. I. P. 27-30. Schoonmaker, R. L. 32- 
6, Slingerland. 36-7, Lockhead. 38-9, Whitbeck, 41-3, Dickson, 49-52, 
ScTioonmaker. R. L.. 52-6. \'an Brunt, 57-61. 

•Lower Walpack, with its two congreg-ations, viz.. Buslikill and Wal- 
pack, and Upper Walpack with its two congregations, viz., Dingman's 
Ferry and Peter's Valley, are one civil corporation. 



7l6 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Waterloo, 1851. Rockwell, G. 51-4, Abell, 56-7. 

Waterloo, 1905, see Tyre, N.Y. 

Watervliet, N.Y. The town of Watervliet was erected in 1788. After 
much contraction name was changed to Calonie, 1896. Watervliet City 
was made from Village of West Troy in 1896 . See West Troy. 

Waupun, Fon du Lac Co., Wis., 1887. Ihrman, 87-91, Meulendyke, Josiah, 
1892-1902, De Jong (De Young), A. 1903-1910, Hollebrands, J. J. 1910- 
1918. Walvoord, Wm. C. 1918-22. See Alto. 

Wawarsing (Wawassink,) Naponoch, Ulster Co., N.Y. Before 1741. Sup- 
plied by Mancius 1740? by Fryenmoet, 1745-51, Frelinghuysen, J. called, 
1753- but died, Frelinghuysen, H. 1756-7, Romeyn, D. 1766-77, Harden- 
bergh, J. R. 1782-6, Van Home, Ab. 1789-95, Mandeville, G. 1797-1801, 
Westervelt, R. 1802-8, Murphy, 14-25, Hutton, M. S., Miss, to, 2y-'&,. 
Hoffman, A., Miss, to, 28-9, Switz, 29-35, Dnryea, J. H. 37-9, Ward, J. 
W. 39-41, Demarest, Jas. (Sr. ) 42-8, Quackenbush, 49-51, Lente, 52-4, 
Williamson, N. D. 55-61, Van Vlcck, John, 62-4, Swick, 64-9, Talmage,. 
J. R. 69-74, Bell, 74-81, Lydecker. G. D. 82-91, Van Oostenbrugge, C. 91- 
1900, Sciple, C. M. 1908-1914, Terwilliger, F. E. (S.S.) 1915. 

Wayne St., see Jersey City, N.J. 

Weehawken, 1843, see New Durham, N.J. 

Weehawken, 1853, see North Bergen, N.J. 

Weehawken, see West Hoboken, N.J. 

Weehawken, see West New York, N.J., Trinity. 

Weehawken, see Wood-Cliff-on-Hudson, N.J. 

Weehawken — Italian Mission. 

Weisersdorp, see Schoharie, N.Y. 

Wellsburg, Grundy Co., la., 1897. Theilken, 1899-1908, again, 1910-1914,. 
Landsiedcl, Wm. 1916 

West Albany, see Lisha's Kill, N.Y. 

West Branch, 1877, see Sioux Centre, and Orange City, la. 

West Camp, N.Y., 1710. (See Camp and East Camp). The Palatines oni 
the west of the Hudson, most of whom had moved during the years 
1712-30, back from the banks of the river at West Camp, a mile or 
two, to the Kingston Commons, seem to have been worshipping on the 
Kats Baan in 1730, and in 1732 built the stone church there. On the 
arrival of Mancius he begins his records by speaking of the "congre- 
gation worshipping on the Kaats Baan" and calls himself "their at 
that time pastor." This congregation seems to have comprised the 
whole Palatine colony, both Reformed and Lutheran, for with thi* 
beginning of the Katsbaan records those of West Camp cease until 
1765, three years after the death of Mancius, when they begin as those 
of a Lutheran church. Supplied by Kocherthal, 1710-19, Haegar, J. F. 
1710-21. Falckncr, Justus, 1720-3, Falckner, ■ Daniel, 1724-.. See 
Kaatsban. In 1718 Kocherthal and Haegar reported conjointly the 
. number of families in their charge. The people of West Camp did 
not wait for a church-building to be erected by the Government, (see 
East Camp), but built one immediately for the conjoint use of Luther- 
ans and Reformed. See Mancius. — "Doc. Hist. N.Y." iii. 382-392. 
Also "Gordon's Life of Ostrander," 38. Saugerties Post, April 12, 
1901. 

West Church, see Newark, N.J. 

West Copake, 1758, see Taghkanic, N.Y. Name of Taghkanic since Nov. 
15, 1882. 

West Coxsackie, N.Y., see Coxsackie, ist. 

West End, 1868, see Jersey City, N.J. 

West End Avenue Collegiate, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

West End, Port Jervis, N.J., 1896. This Church was known as Port Jervis 
2d until 1915. Harris, D. T. 97-9, Forbes, 1900-1906, Appel, J. B. 1906- 
1909, Campbell, J. B. 1909-1911, Boynton, A. B. 1913-1919, Emerick, I 
P. 1920. 



THE CHURCHES 77- 

West Copake, 1758, see Taghkanic, N.Y. 

West End, 1868, see Jersey City, NJ. 

Westerlo, 1790, see Sprakers Basin, NY 

^^'''Isi°'x-^^J'''' ^'hester) Albany Co., N.Y.. 1793. Center, Miss, to 
1823, \anderveer, ]., Miss, to, 23, Van Vechten, S., Miss, to 2^4 
\ an Keuren, Miss, to, 24, Fort, 22-31, Wilson Jos. 32-4, Slingerland 
34-6, Gosman, b. S. 36-8, Chittenden, 39-40, Cornell, J. A. H 41-V 
Robertson S 43-8, Bogardus, N. 49-50, Demarest, W. 50-4, 'Dver 
56-61, Furbeck 62-7, Westveer, 68-9, Bogardus. F. M. 69-72, Pitcher; 
J. H. ,3-6 Buckelew, 76-9, Cole, S. T. 79-82, Falckner, W. E. 86, Kin- 
ney C. W 89-91, Bryant, J. P. 1906-1908, Boyce, D. (S.S.) 1913-16 
Pastor 1916 / y o 1". 

Western ^Ik,tment of Kingsborough, i»i6, see Johnstown, Montgomery 

})>^t %i"S' 1839, see X.Y.C.. Borough of The Bronx 

wf !I^' H °^««""g"^'i?ts- 1850 s^e N.Y.C., Borough of Richmond. 
W estheld, 1886, see Hope. N.D. 

West Hoboken, Weehawken Hudson Co., N.J. (Chapel of the Grove 
Church. 1895-1902). Ackert, 95-1900, Dawson, 1901-1912, Bush B T 
T^'^'^r' P' ^'^^''' J- 1917-1919, Caton, J. C. 1920-— Assistants' 
Wdls C. E. 1913-1916, Luidens, A. (Charles St. Chapel). 1916- 918 

oi^t^o' n*o^-i-; "t°^'aV ''''^- ^^^'^'^'' St. Chape'l.) Luiden's A. 
I9ie-i9i9, Doughty, J. W. 1919 

West Hurley, Woodstock, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1848. Supplied by Gulick A 
47-54. pastor, 54-9^ Case. 60-5. Van Doren, D. K. 67-9. Blauvelt C t" 
69-79. Staats, B^ B. 79-82, Van Doren, W. H. 83-4. Stanbrough, 8^3' 
Bahler, L. H. 96-7. Park. C. (S.S.) 1901-1904. Luther, M. F. 1905-19^6 
f:^T'^{ ^- J906-1910, Clowe, C. W., 1912-1913, Brink, H. wf 19^4- 
1919, JNicnoIas, J. F. 1920 

West Hurley, see Stewartville. 

West Indies, Abeel, D.; Miss, to, 1828-9, again 1836-7. 

^"^^^ S'oL-'''n'""^"^--^''"/ir'''^'"' ^- '7-;-92. The Danish Government 
took possession of the property after the church was disbanded 
Ihis property was set apart as a permanent fund for the benefit 
ot the descendants of those who were members of the church at 
the time of its dissolution and it is thus administered 
Ihe Government sent its silver communion sot to the church of St 
Ihomas. where it yet remains. 

St. John. 17 Knevels.... Was extinct in 1828. Dr. Anson Du Bois 

o^St^^^Thomrr *^'''^* ^'""'"^ ^^^ ''^'''''^' °*' S^- -^^^'^ ^° *^^ "''^"^ 
St. Thomas about i66c. [Oliandus. 1685-8; (pastors' names gcner- 

dan ;'6^??"^.''"Vrw''-^''^J" Copenhagen, and also in Amster- 
dam, 16^8-1,33; Christian Strumphias was laboring there 171^ 
and Isaac Grovewoid, 1718) ; Arnoldus Van Drumen, 1733^6 Jo"- 
SearVi°';i\^' ^^V"^^ 1-^°'"^ Paldamus. i744-5->, John A.' M^nte- 
^So\.'^ ]^\^-J- ,^'H'?' '763-84. Francis M. Verboom. 1784- 
812]; Labagh. A. I. 1828-41. Brett. P. M. 1842-5, Knox 1 P 
1845-54. \\yckoff. T. F. and Whittlesey. E. 54-5. Allen \V o' 
s^'n ^"%'''^«"- ^"\ '"ifl AIcQueon. P. 74-8, Allen, w". O " 78- 
n;. 1" K°r ^"^'^"w^-"6. Hageman, A. J. 87-90, Lowe, J. C. 90, 
Uggel E C. 90-3 Hume, 97-9. Arcularius, 99-1901, Perlee, 190 >- 
1911, Leslie, A. H. 1916-1918. Foiensbee, B. J i.juSl— ^ 

-Dutdi 'FZth^''^L^''f''4'^ ^l "^'^T"' ''"''' by'dififerent nationalities 
The D.;iiS U'i /^ 'r ^'"""''-^"^ through many vicissitudes. 

Ihe Dan sh West India Company finally came into possession The Lu- 

^ZZi''"'^ '""' the prevailing church, while thl MoraJans labored 
among the negroes. A Dutch church was organized on St. Thomas in Se 



7l8 THE REFORMED CPIURCH IN AMERICA 

times of the Dutch West India Company, and perhaps Dutch organizations 
existed at that early period also on the other islands. The vernacular lan- 
guage long continued to be Dutch, and is the basis of the present Creole 
language. The Dutch were expelled from St. Thomas by the English in 
1667, but returned when the Danes gained possession, a few years later. 
The records of the Dutch church, prior to 1744, are destroyed. The Lu- 
therans' records are continuous from 1688. The Dutch and Lutherans 
worshipped alternately in the Fort, until a R.D.C. edifice was erected, 
which was prior to 1718. These two religious bodies alone enjoyed the 
special recognition and protection of the Danish Government. In 1744, the 
church of St. Thomas had 142 communicants. Up to 1759 the church was 
supported by voluntary contributions. In that year Mrs. Catherine De 
Windt, widow of Jahns Jahnsen De Windt, bequeathed to the church the 
estate Cathariiiabcrg. It extended down into the town, and after 1792 be- 
came exceedingly valuable. The pastor, Verboom, purchased this estate 
of the church soon after his settlement there for $38,000, and realized 
$ioo,coo by the sale of the town lots. Of the $38,000 belonging to the 
church, the sum of about $8,000 was for the support of the poor, the rest 
for the ministry. Verboom's speculations greatly injured the spiritual 
condition of the church. He retired, a man of wealth, to Holland in 1812. 
During the 68 years, 1744-1812, the records show that 850 persons united 
with this church. 

After Verboom left, the church was in so low a condition that no appli- 
cation was made to the^Classis of Amsterdam to send them another minis- 
ter. Up to 1812 their supplies had come from Holland. The members of the 
Dutch church for fifteen years were scattered among the Lutherans, the 
Aloravians, and the Episcopalians. The latter began to hold services in 
1820. In 1827 the Dutch of St. Thomas were led to make application to 
the Reformed Dutch Church in the United States to send them a pastor, 
and for the next thirty years they were thence supplied, as indicated above. 
With the advent of the American ministers, services began to be held in 
English. When Dr. John Knox visited these islands in 1828, he says that a 
fund of $50,000 yet remained for the support of the gospel. Dr. John P. 
Knox, a subsequent pastor, says the funds amounted to about $40,000. 
The church of St. John was found in ruins, and not a single communicant 
known to remain, although there were funds also belonging to that church. 
During Dr. Philip AI. Brett's ministry, the Lutherans and Dutch used the 
same edifice, the colored people bringing their own stools and sitting in the 
aisles. The present edifice of the Dutch Church is a plain Grecian temple 
of the Doric style. It was erected during Dr. Brett's ministry. The 
Liturgy of our American Church is used, and they adhere in all respects 
to the Order of the R.D.C. Dr. Brett remained a member of the Classis 
of Paramus while preaching there. He was recalled in 1855, but declined. 
They made several efiforts afterward to procure pastors from America, 
but failed. (See Manual of 1879 for suggestion that R.C.A. again take 
these churches under their care.) 

In 1883, through the influence of Rev. Dr. Anson Du Bois, this church 
connected itself with the South Classis of Long Island, and is now sup- 
plied by ministers of R.C.A. See "Ch. Int." Ap. 25, 1883. 

See the names of the American pastors who have labored there ; Dr. 
John Knox's letter in "Mag-. R.D.C." iii. 26; also ii. 142', 281, 318; Rev. 
J. P. Knox's "Hist. Acct. of St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. John," 1852. 
i2mo. pp. 271. Much material relating to these churches was secured by 
Dr. Corwin, in Holland, in 1897-8. See Ecc. Rec. N.Y. 
West Leyden, Point Rock, Lewis Co., N.Y., 1856. Boehrer, 56-62, Wagner, 
(S.S.) 62-4, Schlieder, 65-72, Weber, 74-9, Warnshius, H. 80, Reiner, 
81-5, Kern S. (S.S.) 84, Freeh, 85-7, Keil, 88-9, Schlieder, F. E. i88g- 

1907. Bolsterle, G. S. 1909-1911, supplies, 191 1 . See Dailey Hist. 

of Montgomery Classis, 107. 



THE CHURCHES 719 

West Newark, 1866, see Newark, N. J. 

West New Hempstead, (Kakiat, Spring Valley), Monsey, Rockland Co., 
N.Y., 1773. Marinus, 1773-8, Leydt, P. 1789-93, Brinkerhoff. G. G. 1793- 
1806, Deinarest, J. D. 1808-24, Wynkoop. Jef. 25-36, Allen, P. 37-62, 
Brock. J. R. 62-5. \'an Neste, G. 65-9, Mattice. H. (S.S.) 69-71, Statesir, 
72-81, vacant, 81-6, Lauijcnheimer, 86-8, Dusinberre, 89-98, Brink, 1899- 
1906, Van Biirk, John 1906-1908, Smith, T. \I. (S.S.) 1910-1911, Rock- 
efeller, D. \\'. G. 1913. Chadst-y, H. T. 1914-20. 

West New York. Trinity, Weehawken. N.J., 1908. Hopper, A. W. 1908 

West Nyack, see Clarkstown, N.Y. 

Westover, see Kanipcn, Md., 1900. 

West Sayville, see Sayville, N.Y. 

West Side, see Chicago, Hungarian, 111. See Chicago, Oak Park, 111. 

West Side, see Jersey City, N.J. 

Weston. Amherst, S.D., 1920. 

West Town, Orange Co., N.Y., 1791. Van Bunschooten, E. i788-9<). 

West Troy. North, (Washington and Gibbonsville ), Watcrvliet, Albany Co., 
N.Y., 1814. Bronk, 1813-34, Wood, 35-6, ]\Iann, (S.S.) yj, Gregory, O. 
H. 38-70. Hutton. A. J. 71-9. Lansing. J. G. 79-84. Beardslee, J. W. 
84-7, Cobb, H. E. 88-92, Pease, 93-9, Pershing, 1901-1903, Berg, I. H. 
1904-1906, Hamlin, H. F. 1907 

West Troy, South, Wasliington, Watervlict, Albany Co., N.Y., 1844. (This 
church was called Jcrmain Memorial, 1874-1885). Wells, R. (S.S.) 
44, Wyckoff, T. F. 45-54. Roof, 55-64. Wyckoff, Jac. 65-70, Strong, 
S. W. 70-84, vacant, 84-98, Wyckofif, Chs. S. 98-9, Meengs, 1901-1904. 
Disbanded 1907. 

Westwood, Bergen Co., N.T., 1886. Talmage, D. \l. 1888-190S, Decker, E. 
W. 1908 ■ 

White Hall. Green Co.. 111.. 1861. Schcnck, M. L. 1865-9. 

White House, 1792. see Rockaway, N.J. 

White Plains, Westchester -Co., N.Y., 1865. Hulb'jrt, 1865-73. 

White Port, 1796, see Bloomingdale, N.Y. 

White Rock Centre, 1892, see Elim, 111. 

\\'hite Reck, see Ebenezer, Oregon. 111. 

White Tail. N.M., see White Tail, Canyon, N.M. 

White Tail, Canyon, N.M. (Apache) 1918. Arthur. T. O. 1918-1920. 

Wichert, St. Anne. 1893, 111. (Known as Koster, III. until 1913)- Vanden- 
bosch. T. 99-1900, Vander Werf, 1901-1904, Tanis, H. 1904-1905, We- 
binga. J. 1906-191 1. Pettcrsson. H. M. 1912-1914. Zandstra, F. 1915-1918, 
\'ander Heide, J. 1919 — -— 

Wichita. Kan.. 191 1. DeBev, D. J. (S.S.) 1919-1920. 

Wilcox. Elk Co.. Pa.. 1873. ' Hoffman, W. H. 1875-7. Wilson, F. F. 1878-9. 
Became Presbyterian. • 

Wilhehnina Bethlehem. Preston. ^Id., 1900. Joldersma. R. H. (S.S.) 1901. 
Dropped 1509. 

Wilkei^barre. Luzerne Co.. Pa.. 1792. Gray. A. 1793-6. The people of this 
church emigrated almost in a body to the Genesee country in 1796. 
( See Owasco. ) 

Williamsburgh, 1816. see Canada. 

\\'iliiamsburgh. 1828. see N.Y.C.. Borough of Brooklyn. 

Williamson. X. Y., 1912. Vander Schoor, Cor., Classical Missionary, 1913- 
191 5. Pastor 1915-21, Burggraff. J. J. (Jr.) 1921 

Willow Lakes, Clarke Co., S.D., 1888. Zwcmer, F. J. 8^-92. Disbanded, 
1895. 

Willow Lakes. S.D., iqii. Immanucl. Suni)licd. 

Wilton, 1823. \'an Hook. Miss. to. 1825. McKelvey, John, IMiss. to, 1827. 

Wiltwick. Church of the Comforter, 1863. see Kingston, N.Y. 

Wimbeldon. see Dover. N.D. 

Windham, an early name of Prattsville, see Prattsville. N.Y. (The town 
of Prattsville was formed from the town of Windham in 1833.) 



720 THE REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA 

Windsor Terrace, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Winfield, N.Y., see N.Y.C!, Borough of Queens. 

Winnebago, Neb., 1911. (Indian.) Watermulder, G. 1911-1918, McEIwee, 
R. 1919, Watermulder, G. 1920 

Woestyne, 17... Now Rotterdam. 

Wolcott, now Fair Haven. 

Wolcott, Secession, Cayuga Co., N.]'., 1827. 

Wolver Hollow, see Oyster Bay, L.I., N.Y. 

Woodbourne, N.Y., 1802. Sullivan Co., N.Y. (Neversink. Name of 
Church Fallsburgh, until 1918). Reorganized 1827. Boj'd, J. H., Miss, 
to, 27-8, Gray, J. 33-5, Eggleston, 36-7, Duryee, J. G. 46-51, Eltinge, 
C. D. 51-2, Searle, J. 53-6i, Connitt, 62-5, Brown, W. S. 67-88, Statesir, 
1889-1915, Smith, H. 1916-1918, Heroy, G. M. 1918-1919. 

Woodcliff-on-Hudson, Weehawken, N.J., 191 1. Miller, J. C. 1911-21, Van 
Strien, David, 1922 

Wood Haven, L.I., 1858. 

Wood Haven, see Forest Park, N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Wood Haven, Grace. L.I., 1891. Krausher, 91-3. 

Woodlawn, see N.Y.C., Borough of Brooklyn. 

Woodlawn, see Schenectady, N.Y., 1910. 

Woodside, 1871, see Newark, N.J. 

Woodstock, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1799. Overbagh, 1806-17, Boyse, 26-37, Bo- 
gardus, N. 38-42, Van Doren, W. T. 43-5, Gulick, A. 46-54, James, 
W. L. 56-62. Blauvelt, C. J. (S.S.) 64-5. Wyckoff, D. B. 65-70, Hoes, 
(S.S.) 71-2, Moore, W. S. 73-9, Force, F. A. 80-2, Wurts, 82-6, Acker- 
man, 86-90, Boggis, 91-5, Park, C. 1896-1904, Luther, M. F. 1904-1906, 
Simpson, W. E. 1906-1910, Clowe, C. W. 1912-1913, Brink, H. W. 1914- 
1919, Nicholas, J. F. 1920 . See West Hurley, N.Y. 

Wormser City, Montana, 1896. Wormser, A. 96-7, classical missionary, 
97-1900, De Jongh, J. 1900-1901. Disbanded 1903. 

Wortendyke, Bergen Co., N.J., 1871. Smit, J. 83-6, Diephuis, Jac. 87-9, 
Haan, 90-2, Dekker, F. 96-7. Lubeck, W. 98-1900, Ruigh, 1900-2, Pop- 
pen, J. 1902-1908, Dykema, K. J. 1908-1912, Pool, W. 1914 

Wortendyke, Ridgewood, Trinity, N.J., 1904. Whitehead, J. H. 1906-1918, 
P.E. 1918-20, Campbell, C. H. 1919 

Worthing, Lennox, S.D., 1900. Schoon, J. H. 1900-1910, Schaff, AL (S.S.) 
1912 . Dropped 1916. 

Wurtsboro, 1805, see Mamakating, N.Y. 

WyckofF, Bergen Co., N.J., 1822. Had been a regular preaching station of 
Ponds since about 1798. (De Witt, P. 1798-1808, Demarest, John, 12- 
20,) Kuypers, Z. H. 25-41, Thompson, W. J. 42-5, Ryerson, 45-65, 
Van Benschooten, 65-69, Searle, S. T. 69-88, Faulkner, 88-91, West- 
veer, 1892-1904, Strohauer, P. J. 1905-1911, Parker, A. F. 1912 

Wynantskill, Rensselaer Co., N.Y., 1793. Romeyn, J. V. C. 1794-9, Za- 
briskie, John L. 1801-11, Labagh, L 1811-15, Westervelt, R. 16-22, 
Morris, J.. Miss, to, 24-5, Bogardus, C. 26-32, Bronson, A. 33-6, Slirt- 
gerland, 37-40, Gates, 40-2, Lansing, Jac. A. 42-8, Quick, J. J. 49-54, 
Stevenson, 54-64, Tomb, 65-72, Evans, C. P. 81-3, Van Allen, L 83-90, 
Olney, 91-2, Wessels, 94-7, Schaul, 1898-1906, Leiss, S. R. 1907-1911, 
Bolsterle, G. F. 1911-1913, Buckingham, M. S. (S.S.) 1915-1917, Seso, 
A. A. 1919-22. 

Wynantskill, Secessio)i, Independent, 1824. Lansing, J. V. S. 1824-6, Bel- 
linger, 1829. 
Wysersdorf, 1730. Dutch branch of the Schoharie Congregation. Became 
independent about 1785, returned to the Reformed Church about 1794. 
See Schoharie, Middleburgh. 

Yakima, Yakima Co., Washington, 1901, see North Yakima, Wash. 
Yankton, Salem, Yankton Co., S.D., 1893. Harmeling, S. J. 93-4, classical 
missionary, 94-5, DeWitz, C. J. 1895-1900. Dropped 191 1. 



THE CHURCHES 721 

Yokohama, 1872, see Japan. 

Yonkers, Westchester Co., N.Y.. 1842. Hulbert, 1842-8, DeMund, 48-50, 
Seward, 50-2. Hulbert, 52-65, Cole. D. 65-97, Inglis, T. E. 97-1901, 
Cutler, 1902-1918, Stewart, D. C. (S.S.) 1918-21. Church sold by Bd. 
of Domestic Alissions, 1921 . See "Cole's Hist. Ser. at 40th Anni- 
versary of Church," 1883. — Sermon at 25th Anniv. of his settlement, 
1890. 

Yonkers, Park Hill, 1892. Beardslee, W. A. 92-4, Bruce, \V. P. 1895-1917, 
Mann, A. I. 191 8 

Yonkers, Mile Square, 1900. Tyndall, C. H. (S.S.) 1902-1911, Clist, C. L. 
(S.S.) 1912-1913, Weber, J. (S.S.) 1914-1915, Armbruster, C. (S.S.) 
1915- 

Yonkers. N.Y.. Crescent Place, 191 1. Tyndall, S. G. 1912-1914, Allen, J. S. 
(S.S.) 1915- 

York, 1810, see Canada. 

Yorktown, Minn., 1867. 

Yorkville, see N.Y.C., Borough of Manhattan. 

Yuker's Bush, N.Y., see Oppenheim, N.Y. 

Zabriskie, 1871, see Hamilton, Mich. 

Zeeland. Ottawa Co., Mich., 1850. (Organization came from Holland. 
1847. Joined R.C.A. 1850.) Vandermeulen, C. 47-59, Stobbelaer, 60-5, 
Bolks, 65-72, Moerdyk, W. 73-6, Steffens, 78-82, Kremer, 82-92. De 
Jonge, J. P. 1893-1910, Chefif, P. P. 1910-1917, Harmeling, 1918-21, 
Jacobs, H. C. 1922 

Zeeland 2d, Mich., 1904. Aloerdyk, W"m. 1905-1911, Hoffman, B. 1912 

Zeeland, see Beaverdam, Mich., Ottawa, Mich. 

Zion, Chapin, Franklin Co., la., 1890. Mollenbeck, 90-1900, Bosch, F. C. S. 
1901-1905, Janssen. W. T. 1905 

Zion, 1903, see Timmonsville, S.C. 

Zion, Newton, Erie, Fentpn, 111., 1909, see Newton, 111. 

Zion, 191 1, see Zion German Evangelical, N.Y.C., Borough of the Bronx. 

Zion. 1917, see Zion. Grand Rapids. Mich. 

Zoar, Ackley, Hardin Co.. la., 1898. De Beer, J. 1899-1903, Schaefer, J. 
1904-1912. United with W'ashington, Ackley, la., 1910. 



chronological List of the Ministers 

IN THE 

Reformed (Dutch) Church in America, 



Nearly Three Hundred Years, 
1628—1922 



Names in parenthesis either not graduates of the Institution or not full pastors 
'^ of the Reformed Church. 



1. Under the West India Company and the Church of Holland, 1628-1664 
American Ministers. 



Came to 
America. 



Ministers from Europe. 

Matriculated.* 



1664. Megapolensis, Samuel, Harvard 
University, 1653-6 ; Utrecht Uni- 
versity, 1656 ; Leyden University, 
1661 ; again Utrecht University 
for study of medicine, 1663. Went 
to Holland for further study and 
ordination. 



1628. Michaelius, Jonas. Leyden Univer- 
sity, 1598. ^^ . 

1633. Bogardus, Everardus. Leyden Uni- 
versity, 1627. 

1642. Megapolensis, John. Cologne Uni- 
versity, 1624. 

1647. Backerus, John. 

1650. ftrasmere. Wm. 

1652. Drisius, Samuel. Leyden University 
1620; again, for study of medicine, 
1649. 

1652. Schaats, Gideon. 

1654. Polhemus, John T. 

1657. Carpentier. Caspar. 

1657. Welius, Everardus. Utrecht Univer- 
sity, 1650. 

1659. Zyperus, Michiel. 

1660. Blom, Herman. Utrecht University, 
1647 ; Leyden University, 1652. 

1660. Selvns, Henry. Utrecht University, 
1654; Leyden University, 1657. 

1661. Luyck. Aegidius. 
1664. Hadson, Warnerus. 



1S64. The English Conquest of New Netherland. 

2. Under the Duke of York and the Church of Holland, 1664-1685. 



American Mitiisters. 



Ministers from Europe. 



Wm. Leyden 
Leyden 



1679. 



1671. Van Nieuwenhuysen, 
University, 1661. 

1675. Van Rensselaer, Nicholas. 
University, 1670. 

1677. Van Zuuren, Caspar. Leyden Univer- 
sity, 1668. 

1678. Van Gaasbeeck, Laurentius. Leyden 
University, 1667. 

1681. Weekstein. John. Leyden Universi- 
ty, 1658; again, 1674. for study of 
theology. 

1682. Selyns, Henry. Comes to America 
a second time. See 1660 above. 

1683. Daille, Peter. Some French univer- 
sity. French Refd. 

•Where no University is indicated, this does not necessarily imply that a Uni- 
versity course was not pursued. Only the Catalogues of Leyden, Utrecht and Gron- 
ingen have been examined. 



Tesschenmacher, Peter. Leyden 
University, 1669 ; Utrecht Univer- 
sity, 1671 ; Groningen University, 
1671. First minister ordained in 
America. , 



724 



APPENDIX 



3. Under the Crown of England and the Church of Holland, 1685-1771. 
American Ministers. 



Came to 
America. 



Alinisters from Europe. 



1694. Bertholf, Guilliam. Went to Hol- 
land for ordination. 



1709. Morgan, Joseph, a Presbyterian, 
but serving also a Dutch church. 

1709. Van Vleck, Paul, irregularly or- 
dained ; probably by Freeman. 



1686. Varick. Rudolphus. Utrecht Univer- 
sity. 1666. 

1686. Van den Bosch, JL. French Ref'd, 
Levden University, 1679. 

1687. Carre, E. French Ref'd. 

1687. Peiret, Pierre, French Ref'd. 

1688. Bonrepos, Daniel. French Ref'd. 
1695. Lupardus, Wm. Leyden Univ., 1684. 

1695. Nucella. John P. 

1696. Montaigne, John. French Ref'd. 
1696. Bondet, Daniel. French Ref'd. 

1696. Charter of R. P. D. Church of New York. The First Church Charter 

IN THE Middle States. 

1699. DuBois, Gualterus. 

1699. Laborei, Jas. French Ref'd. 

1700. Freeman. Bernardus. 
1700. Lydius. John. 

1705. Antonides, Vincentius. 

1705. Bevs. Henry. Leyden University, 

1694 : again. 1701. 
1708. Kocherthal. Joshua. Ger. Ref'd. 
1708. (Barclay. H.) 
1710. Haeger. John F. Ger. Ref'd., but 

Episcopally ordained. 
1710. Oehl (Ehle), John J. Ger. R,ef'd. 
1710. Vas. Peter. 
1710. Rou. Louis. French Ref'd. 

1712. Van Driessen, Peter H. Gronlngen 
University, 1712. 

1713. Boel, Henrv. Leyden University, 
1712. 

1715. Brouwer. Thomas. 

ITIS. Moulinars. J. B. French Ref'd. 

1718. Van Sautvoord. Cornelius. Leyden 

University, 1707. 
1720. Frelinghuysen. Theodore J. 

1723. Stouppe, Pierre. French Ref'd. 

1724. DuBois, Gideon. 

1725. Erickson. Reinhart. Groningen Uni- 
versity. 1714. 

1726. Coens. Henry. 
17 26. Muzelius. Frederick. 
1726. "Weiss. George M. German Ref'd., 

Heidelberg University. 1718. 
1730. Curtenius, Antony. Groningen L^ni- 
versity, 1724. 

1730. Mancius. George W. Herborn Theo- 
log. Sem.. 1728-30. 

1731. Haeghoort, Gerardus. 

1731. Van Schie. Cornelius. Leyden Univ., 
as a student of Philosophy, 1721 ; of 
Theologv, 1730. 

1733. (Berkenmeyer, Wm.) 

1736. Rieger, J. B. Heidelberg and Basle 
Universities. 

1737. Dorsius. Peter H. German Ref'd., 
Groningen Univ., 1734 ; Leyden 
Univ.. 1736. 



1727. Van Driessen, John, Groningen. 
University, 1717 ; ordained by 
Congregationalists at Yale Col- 
lege. 

1729. Boehme. John Philip, German 
Ref'd. Ordained by the ininisters 
of New York City, by permission 
of Classis of Amsterdam. 



1736. Schuyler. John. Ordained by 
Revs. Haeghoort and Erickzon. 
1738. by permission of Classis of 
Amsterdam. 



1737. A CcETus Proposed 
1741 



1738. Plan of Ccetus Adopted and Sent to Holland 
FOR Approbation. 



Fryenmoet. John C, ordained by 
Mancius, 1741 ; but re-ordained 
by Mancius, 1744. by order of 
Classis of Amsterdam, in presence 
of ftevs. Vas and Weiss. 

1741. Goetschius. John H.. ordained by 
Dorsius. Frelinghuysen and Ten- 
nent, 1741 : but re-ordained by 
Ccetus. 1748. by order of Classis 
of Amsterdam. 

1745. Frelinghuysen, Theodore. Went 
to Holland for ordination. 



1739. Van Basten, John V. 
1742. Arondeus. John. 
1742. DuBois. Abram. 

1744. Ritzema. John. 

1745. Meinema. Benjamin. 

1746. Rosenkrantz. (First name unknown). 
1746. Schlatter. Michael. German Ref'd. 
1746. Van Sinderin, Ulpianus. 

1746. Schnorr. C. L. 



APPENDIX 



725 



1748. I'LAN OV CCETUS APPROVED BY THE CLASSIS OF AMSTEKDAM. THE CCETUS 

Constituted. 



Ministers Ordained by the Coetus. 



1748. Leydt, John. 

1748. Vaiulerlinde, Benjamin. 

1749. Verbrycke. Samuel. 

1750. Frelinghuy.sen, John. Went to 
Holland for ordination. 

1753. Frelinghuy.sen, Ferdinand. Went 
to Holland for ordination. Died 
at sea. 

1753. Frelinghuysen, Jacobus. Went to 
Holland for ordination. Died at 
sea. 

1753. Romevn, Thomas. College of N. 
J.. 1750. Went to Holland for or- 
dination. 

1753. Schuneman. John. Went to Hol- 
land for ordination. 

1753. Vrooman. Barent. Utrecht Univ., 
1750-2. Went to Holland for ordi- 
nation. 



Came to Ministers from Europe or froiti 
America. other Denojninations. 

1749. De Wint, Peter. An imposter. 

1749. Van Hoevenbergh, E. T. Groningen 
Univ.. 1732. 

1750. Wurts, J. C. From Ger. Ref'd. Coetus 
of Pa. 

1750. DuBois, Jonathan. From the Pres- 
byterian Church. 

1750. De Ronde, Lambertus. 

1750. Rosenkrantz. Abram. Ger. Ref'd. 

1752. Marinu.«, David. From Ger. Ref'd. 
Ccetus. 

1752. Wernich, John Aemilius. Ger. Ref'd. 



1753. Charter of Kings (now Columbia) College. 1754. Ccetus Declares Itself 
TO Have All the Powers of a Classis Ccetus vs. Coxferentie. 



Ordained by the American Classis. 
1754. Frelinghuysen, Henry. 

1754. Goetschius. J. M. 

1757. Jackson, Wm. Went to Holland 
for ordination. , 

1758. Barcolo. 

1758. Hardenbergh, Jacob R. 

1758. Van Nist, Jacob. 



1701. Van Harlingen, John M. Went to 
Holland for ordination. 



17o3. Schoonmaker. Henry. 



1764. DuBoip. Benjamin. 
17C5. Lydekker. Garrett. C. N. J. iT55. 
Ordained by the Conferentie. 



1765. Schoonmaker, Martin. 



1754. Carre, Jean, Frencli Ref'd. 

1754. Mayor, J. L., French Ref'd. 

1755. Rubel, John C, from Ger. Reformed 
Ccetus. 

1759. Kails, AVm. German Reformed. 

1760. Kettletas, Ab. Yale College, 1752. 
From Presbyt. Church. 

1760. Houdin, jMichael. Frencli Reformed. 

Episcopally ordained. 
1760. Loppius. 

1760. AVesterlo. Eilardus. Groningen Uni- 
ver.sity, 1754. 

1761. Rothenbergler, Frederic. Educated 
at Berne. 

1762. Blauw, Cornelius. Groningen Uni- 
versity, 1749. 

1763. Laidlie. Archibald. Edinburgh Uni- 
versity, about 1750. Called to preach 
in English. From Presbyt. church 
in Flushing. Holland. 

1763. Me>er. Hermanus. Groningen Uni- 
versity, 1763. 

1763. Weyberg, C. D. Ger. Ref'd. 

1763. Weyberg. Philip. Ger. Ref'd. One 
of the original Trustees of Queens 
College. 

1763. Kern. John M. Ger. Ref'd. Probab- 
ly Heidelberg University. 

1764. Tetard. Jean Pierre. 

1764. Cock, Gerhard, D. 

1765. Chalker. Isaac. 

1765. Rysdyck. Isaac. Groningen Univer- 
sity. 1751. 
1765. (Somer, . ) 



1766. CriARTER OF QUEENS (NOW RUTGERS ) COLLEGE. 



1766. Romeyn, Dirck. C. N. J. 1765. 



1770. Livingston, John H. Yale Col- 
lege. 1762: Utrecht Univ.. 1766. 
Went to Holland for ordination. 



1766. Boelen, Herman L. 

1769. Kuypers, Warmoldus. Groningen 
Universit.v, 1753. 

1770. De Martel. J. A. French Refd. 
1770. Doll, George J. L. 



726 



APPENDIX 



1771. 



Articles of Union Between the Ccetus and Conferentie Parties — 
Semi-Independence of the Church. 



Ordinations by the General Meeting, 
as Follows. 

i772. Van Voorhis, Stephen. C. N. J. 

1765. 
1773. Van Bunschoten, Elias. C. N. J. 

1768. 

1773. Van Nest, Rynier. 

1774. Froeligh, Solomon. 

1774. [Romeyn, Benj., died before ordi- 

nation.] 

1775. Goetschius, Stephen. 



Came to 
America. 



Ministers from Other 
Denominations. 



1772. Foering, Christian F. 

1773. Gros, John D. 

1774. Gebhard. John G. Universities of 
Heidelberg and Utrecht. 



1775. Kennipe. 



1778. De Witt, Peter. 

1778. Levdt, Matthew. Queens College, 

1775. 
1780. Lansing, Nicholas. 

1782. Van Arsdale. Simeon. 

1783. Wack, Caspar. 

1783. Blauvelt, Isaac. Queens Coll., 1783. 

1783. Romeyn, Theodore F. 

1784. Blauvelt, Timothy. Queens Col- 
lege, 1782. 

1784. Duryee, John. 



1776. American Political Independence. 

1777. Schenck, Wm. C. N. J. 1767. 
1777. Cough. 



1784. (Broeffie, J. L.) 
1784. Cozine, Cornelius. 



5. 1784. Appointment of Rev. Dr. John H. Livingston Professor of Didactic 
Theology, and of Rev. Hermanns Meyer Professor of Languages. Assump- 
tion OF Complete Ecclesiastical Independence. The Church in Holland 
Notified. 

Graduates of the Reformed Dutch Theo- 
logical Seminary. New York or 
Flatbush. L. I., 1784-1810. 

1785. 



Other Ministers. 



Van Harlingen. John M. Q. C. 1783. 



Schneyder, G. W. 
1786. 

Schoeffer, J. D. 
1787. 



Basset, John. C. C. 1786. 

Froeligh, Moses. 

Kuypers, Gerardus Arents. 

Lowe, Peter. 

Romevn, James V. C. S.A. 1774. 

Studdiford. Peter. C. C. 1786. 



Brinkerhoff, George G. 

Labagh, Isaac. 

Leydt, Peter. Q. C. 1782. 

Lupton. Brandt Schuyler. C. C. 1788. 

Romeyn, Jeremiah. 

Stryker, Peter. 

Van Home, Abram. Q. C. 1787. 



Chitara, Ludwig. 

Linn, Wm. C. N. J. 1772. 

Volckman, Johann R. 



1788. 



Peck, D. C. A. (Ger.) 
Dyslin, J. H. 



1789. 



Demarest, John. 
Smith, Samuel. 



Gray, Andrew. 

Jackson, John F. Q. C. 17? 

Van Vranken, Nicholas. 



Jennings, Jacob. 

1790. 

McDoweH, Robt. 



APPENDIX 



727 



Reformed Dutch Seminary. 



Other Ministers. 



Corneilson. John. 



1791-1800. 



1791. 



1793. 



Bogert. David Schuyler. C. C. 1790. 
Kuypers, William Provost. 
Ostrander, Stephen. 



Paige, Winslow. Dartmouth College. 
Van Vlierden, Peter. 



Oct. 1792. 



Constitution of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church ADOPTao, 
Embracing Doctrine, Liturgy and Govehinment. 



Abeel. John Nelson. C N. J. 1787. 
Brower, Cornelius. C. C. 1792. 
Brush. John C. 
Kuypers, Zeehariah H. 
Van Huysen, Herman. 



Johnson, John B. C. C. 1792. 
Ro.segrant, Elijah. M. D. Q. C. 1791. 
Sickles. Jacob. C. C. 1792. 



1793. 



1794. 



Condict, Ira. C. N. J. 1784. 

(Maier, James.) 

Schefer. J. D. 

Smith, Wm. R. C. N. J. 



1795. 



Bork, Christian. 



Brokaw, Abram. Q. C. 1793. 

Cannon, James S. 

Labagh, Peter. 

Larzalere. Jacob. 

Mandeville, Garret. 

Yates. Andrew. Y. C. 1793. 



Janeway, Jacob J. C. C. 1794. 



Duby. French Ref d. 
Senn, J. 



1796. 



Close, John. C. N, J. 1763. 
(Romden, Fitch). 



1797. 



Albert, Pierre French Ref d. 
Kirby, Thomas. 



1798. 



Barcolo, George. C. C. 1795. 

Cornell, John. Log C. 

Duryea, Philip H. C. C. 1795. 

Eltinge. Wilhelmus. C. N. J. 1796. 

Manley, William. 

Meyer. John Hardenbergh. C. C. 1795. 

Polhemus. Henry. C. N. J. 1794. 

Romeyn, Benjamin. 

Romeyn, John Broadhead. C. C. 1795, 

Romeyn. Thomas. U. C. 1797. 

Van Doren, Isaac. 

Vredenbergh. John S. Q. C. 1794. 

Wyckoff, Henry V. 



Linn, J. B. C. C. 1795. 
Wack, John J. 



1799. 



Ten Eyck, Conrad. 



(Eyermann, J. J.) 
Miles, John B. 
Smith, Thos. G. 



Ostrander, Henry. 
Zabriskie, John L. 



U. C. 1799. 
U. C. 1797. 



1800. 

Stephenson, William, 



728 



APPENDIX 



Reformed Dutch Seminary. 



1801-1810. 



Froleigh, Peter Ditmars. C. C. 1799 
Schoonmaker, Jacob. C. C. 1799. 
Schureman, John. Q. C. 1795. 
Toll, John C. U. C. 1799. 
Van Pelt. Peter I. C. C. 1799. 
Vedder, Herman. U. C. 1799. 
Westervelt, Ralph A. 



1801. 



Other Minsiters. 



Spinner, J. P. Univ. of Mentz, 1788. 



Christie. John I. C. C. 1799. 
Hardenbergh, Charles. 
Palmer, Sylvanus. 



Demarest, James D. 
Overbagh. Peter A. 
Schmerhorn. Cor. D. 
Vedder, Henry. 
Whitbeck, Andrew. 



U. C. 1797. 



(Bogart, Samuel.) 
Brodhead, Jacob. U. C. '01. 
Van Beuren. Peter. U. C. '02. 
Westbrook, Cornelius D. U. C. '01. 



Brower, Stephen H. 
Halidav. Thomas. U. C. '02. 
Kittle, Andrew N. U. C. '04. 
Rowan, Stephen N. U. C. '04. 



Fox, V. K 

Will, Peter. 



1803. 



1804. 



Kyle, Thos 



1805. 



Bradford. Thos. Brown Univ. 1800. 
Runkel, J. 



1806. 

Woodhull, Selah S. C. C. & Y. C. '02 ; P. S. 



Demarest, Cornelius C. C. C. '04. 



Bogardus, Cornelius. 

Cuyler, Cornelius C. U. C. '06. 

De Voe. David. 

Hasbrouck. Jacob R. H. 

Hoffman, Abram. 



Hendricks, John. U. C. '08. 
Livingston. Gilbert R. U. C. '05. 



Beattie. J. U. C. '06. 
Fonda. Jesse. U. C. '06. 
Gosman, J. C. C. '01. 
Force. J. G. C. N. J. 1794. 



1809. 
1810. 

Gunn, Alex. 



C. C. '05. 



1810. Removal of the Seminary to New Brunswick, N. J. 
1S11-1S20. 



ISll. 

{Bartlett. Jcl-ni. 



APPENDIX 



729 



New Brunswick Soninary. 



Other Ministers. 



1812. 



(Barclay.) 

De Witt. Thoma.«. U. C. 'OJ 
Mabon, John S. U. C. '06. 



Drever. J. H. 

.Mathews. J. M. U. C. '04 ; Assoc. R. S»'07. 

McAIurray, W. U. C. '04 ; Assoc. R. S. '08. 



Bronk, Robert. C. 
Wynkoop, Peter S. 



X. J. 

U. C. 



(Carle, John H. Q. C. '11.) 
Murphy. James. 

Van Santvoord, Staats. U. C. '11. 
Van Vechten. Jacob. U. C. '09. 
Vermeule, Corneliu.s C. Q. C. '12. 



De Witt, John. U. C. and C. N. J. '09. 
Field, J. T. C. N. J. 
Milledoler, P. C. C. 1793. 
Schemerhorn, J. F. U. C. '09. 



1814. 



Ames. J. W. 

Carl. J. H. Q. C. '11. 



Marselus. Nicholas .1. U. C. '10. 

Sluyter, Richard. 

Wilson, Abram D. Q. C. '11. 



Bogardus. William R. U. C. '13. 
Eltinge. Cornelius C. Q. C. '12. 
Johnson. I.^aiah Y. W. C. '13. 
Neal. Ava. C. C. '10. 
Schultz. Jacob I. U. C. '13. 



Christie. J. 
Jones, Nic. 



ISIG. 



Amerman, A. C.C. '12 ; Assoc. Ref. Sem. 'Ifi 
Bruen, M. C. C. '12. 
Knox, John, Dick. C. '11. 
Strong, P. X. C. C. '10. 



Alburtis, John. C. C. '12. Parker, David. 

Kissam, Samuel. U. C. '13. 

Ludlow, John. U. C. '14. 

Philips, William Wirt. U. C. '13. 

( Swart wout, John. C. C. '12.) 

Van Vranken. Sainuel A. U. -C. '15. 

Van Zandt. Peter. 

(Vermeule. Frederick. Q. C. '14.) 

Wyckoff, Isaac Xewton. Q. C. '12. 



Bogardus. Cornelius. U. C. '16. 

De Freest. David R. 

(Hasbrouck. Stephen. U. C. '15, M. D.) 

Holt. Brogun. Q. C. '15. 

Monteith, Walter. U. C. '11. 



Whiting- 



Brinkerhoff. James (i. 

Du Bois. tJeorpe. 

Fonda. Jacob D. U. C. 15. 

(loetschius. Stephen Z. 

^Peltz, John.) 

Rawls. John. 

Romeyn. James. C. C. '16. 

Smaltz. John Henry. Q. C. '18. 

Vandervoort, John C. Q. C. '18. 

Van Hook, l.saac A. C. C. "17. 



Baldwin. Eli. U. Col. Med. 
Dewing. Jared. 
Ferris. Isaac. C. C. '16. 
Fisher, I.«aac M. C. C. '17. 
Ludlow. Gabriel. U. C. "17. 
Switz. Abram J. U. C. '17. 
Van Liew, John. Q. C. '16. 
Weidman, Paul. U. C. "18 



\S\9. 



1S20. 



730 



APPENDIX 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



1821-183Q. 
1821. 



Other Ministers. 



Dwight, Maurice W. C. C. '16. 
Fort, Abraham. U. C. '10. 
Funck, Seymour P. C. C. '17. 
Ketchum, Isaac S. 
Rouse, Peter P. U. C. '21. 
Ten Eyck, Jacob Bruyn. U. C. 
Wilson. Joseph. (C. N. J.) 



Heyer. W. H. C. C. '15. 

Scudder, John. C. N. J. '11 ; Coll. Phys. '15. 



(Dey, Riichard Varick. C. C. '18.) 

McClure, John. 

Stryker, Herman B. 

Taylor, Benjamin C. C. N. J. '19. 

Vanderveer. John. C. N. J. '17. 

Van Vechten. Samuel. U. C. '18. 

(Wynkoop. Richard. C. C. '19.) 



1822. 



McLean, Robert. 
Strong, T. M. C. C. 



1823. 



'16 : P. S. '19. 



Blair, Robert J. 

(Blauvelt, William W. Q. C. '14.) 
Center, Samuel. Mid. C. '19. 
(Ferrv, William M. U. C. '20.) 
(Helffenstein, Samuel. Univ. Pa. '20.) 
Vanderveer, Ferdinand H. U. C. '20. 



Jordan. Mark (Col.) 

Knouse, Chas. 

McNeill, A. 

Miller, J. E. U. C. '12. 

Mills, G. 

Rudy, J. 

Searle, Jer. Bowdoin and U. C. '21. 

Steele. J, B. Mid. C. '18 ; Assoc. R. S. '22. 



1824. 



Abeel, Gustavus. U. C. '23. 
Bennett, Asa. 

Cruikshank, William. U. C. '21. 
(Garretson, John K. ) 
Hardenbergh, James B. U. C. '21. 
(Helffenstein, Albert. Univ. Pa. '20.) 
Meeker, Stephen H. C. C. '21. 
Messier, Abram. U. C. '21 
Morris, Jonathan F. 
Sears, Jacob C. U. C. '21. 
Slingerland, Elbert. 
Van Keuren, Benjamin. 
Van Olinda, Duow. 
Wynkoop, Jefferson. U. C. '19. 
Yates, John Austin. U. C. '21. 



Lansing, J. V. S. Ham. C. '20 ; P. S. '24. 
McLean. R. 



Beekman. Jacob T. B. U. C. '22. 
Fisher. George H. C. C. '21. 
Tarbell, John G. Har. U. '20. 
Van Kleek, Richard D. U. C. '22. 



Abeel, David. 

Boice, Ira Condict. D. C. '23. 

Dumont, A. Henry. 

Garretson, John. U. C. '23. 

Heermance, Henry. U. C. 

Labagh, Abram I. 

Labagh. Isaac P. 

Paulizon, Christian Z, C. N. J, '22, 

Van Cleef, Cornelius. D. C. '23. 

Van Wagenen. John H. U. C. '23, 

Westfall, Benj. B. U. C. '23. 

Whitehead, Charles. D. C. '23. 



1825. 



Rice, H. L. Troy Univ. '18 ; P. S. '22. 



1826. 



'14. 



Boyd, J. U. C. 

Boyse. W. 

Brownlee. W. C. Glasgow Univ. 08. 

Evans. W. _ „ .^„ 

Mason, Eb. C. N. J. '20; P. S. "23. 

Ogilvie, J. G. 

Teller, J. H, 



APPENDIX 



731 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



Other Ministers. 



1827. 



Holmes, Edwin. U. C. '22. 
McKelvey, John. Belfast Col. '21. 
Stevenson, James B. 
(Van Dyck, Leonard B. U. C. '24.) 



Bellenger. H. 

Bethune, G. W. C. C. & D. C. '23 ; P. S. '26. 

Campbell, A. D. 

Chittenden, A. B. U. C. '24 ; Aub. Sem. 28. 

De Mund, I. S. C. N. J. '23. 

Denham, A. 

Frey, C. F 

Otterson, J. C. C. '06 ; Assoc. R. Sem. '21. 

Shimeall, R. C. 



Lee, Robert P. D. C. '24. 
■Quaw, James K. 
Raymond, Henry A. Y. C. 



1828. 



(Blauvelt, Cor.) 

Cahoone, W. D. C. '24 ; P. S. '27. 

(Dunlap, J.) 

Kirkwood. R. 

Morse. B. Y. 

Mulligan, J. 

Robertson, N. C. C. '23 ; P. S. '26. 

Roosa, E. 

Taylor, H. 



1829. 



Cole, Isaac D. Bumstead, S. A. Mid. C. '23 ; P. S. '28. 

Demarest, Jas., M. D. Col. Ph. & Surg. '26. Cornell, F. F. C. N. J. '25 ; P. S 



Mandeville. Henry. U. C. '26. 
(Morris, Henry. Ham. '23.) 
Talmage, James R. C. N. J. '26. 
Van Dyck, Cornelius L. U. C. '26. 
W^ack, Charles P. 
< Woodward, J. G.) 



Halsey, A. O. U. C. '22 ; P. S. '27. 

Hangen, J. W. 

McClelland. A. U. C. '09 : Assoc. Ref. S. '15. 

Mair, H. Glasgow Univ. '20. 

Snyder, H. 

Stimpson, H, P. 



1830. 



Amerman, Thomas A. A. C. '27. 
(Beveridge, James.) 
(Cornell, F. F. C. N. J. '25.) 
Hunt. Christopher. R. C. '27. 
Kip, Francis M. C. C. '26. 
Liddell, John A. Glasgow and St. An- 
drews '26. 
Mann. Alexander M. R. C. '27. 
Marcellus, Aaron A. U. C. '26. 
Mevers, Abraham H. U. C. '27. 
Pitcher, John Henry. U. C. '27. 
(Van Riper, Garrabrant. C. N. J. '27.) 
Wells. Ransford. R. C. '27, 



(Berdan, John.) 

Bogardus, N. 

Boyd, H. M. 

(Gray, John). 

How. S. B. U. Pa. '10; 

Robbins, S. 



P, S. '13. 



1831-1840. 



1831. 



Bevier, John H. 

Gushing. David. 

Gregory, Oscar H. A. C. '28. 

Manley, John. R. C. '28. 

(Van Arsdale, Cornelius C. R. C. '28.) 



Campbell, W. H. D. C. '28 ; P. S. '29. 

Edwards, T. 

Hammond, L. 

Kendall, John B. 

(Salisbury, Wm.) 

Seeley, A. W. U. C. '28; P. S. '31. 



Baldwin, John C. 

Garretson, Garret I. R. C. '29. 

(Robbins, John V. R. C. '29.) 

Rogers. [>eonard. 

Schanck, Garret Conover. R. C. '28. 

Schoonmaker, Richard L. R. C. '29. 

(Swartz, Benjamin. R. C. '29) 

Van Liew, .John Gannon. 

Warner, Alexander H. 



Garvin, Is. 

Laing, J. 

Salisbury, W. 

Ward, J. W. C. N. J. '21 ; P. S. '23. 



732 



APPENDIX 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



Bassler. Benjamin. U. C. '30. 
Bru.sh. William. R. C. '30. 
(Ludlow, R. C. R. C. '28.) 
Lusk. Matthias, R. C. '30. 
Quinn. Robert A. 
(Van Aken. Enoch. R. C. '30.) 
Van Arsdale, Jacob R. R. C. '30. 



(Cooper. William H. R. C. '31.) 
Currie, Robert Ormiston. R. C. '29. 
Nevius, Elbert. R. C. '30. 
Stimpson, Edward P. R. C. '34. 
Thomson, Fred. Bordine. R. C. '31. 
Westfall, Simon V. E.. R. C. '31. 
Williamson, Peter S. C. N. J. '24. 



Ennis. Jacob. R. C. '31. 
Lillie, John. Univ. Ed. '31. 
Polhemus, Abraham. R. C. '31. 
(Terrill, Lewis H.) 
Youngblood, William. R. C. '31. 



Other Ministers. 



1S33. 



Amljler, J. B. 

Bronson, O. 

Gray, J. 

Kirkland. R. 

Lockwood, L. R. 

Myers, Ab. H. 

Parry, Jos. 

Thompson, D. R. 

Van Dyck, H. Ham. C. '26 ; York S. '29. 



1834. 



C. C. '23; P. S. '26. 



Babbit, A. C. N. J. '16 ; P. S. '21. 

Frazer, T. 

Gregory, T. B. 

Hutton, M. S. 

Manton, D. B. 

Mason, J. 

Stewart. J. W. 

Van Aken, E. 

Williams, M. B. C. N. J. '14. 



1835. 



S. & 



Brownlee. Jas. Glasgow Univ. '26. 

Bonnell, S. U. C. '35. 

Burtiss. A. C. C. & U. C. '27 ; P. 

Aub. S. '33. 
Clancy, John. 
Hawthorne, H. 
Knight, R. W. 
Lindley, D. 

May, E. H. Hoxton C. & Sem. London '15. 
Noc, D. D. 
Robb. J. 

Robert.son, S. W. C. '12; P. S. '15. 
Vermilye. T. E. Y. C. '21 ; P. S. '25. 
Woods, John. 



( De La Vergne. James. ) 
(Dotv. Elihu. R. C. '35. 
Hillman, Alexander C. C. C. 
Michael. Daniel. R. C. '33. 
Quick, Peter J. R. C. '33. 
Reilev, William. R. C. '33. 
Scribner. John M. U. C. '33. 
Waring, Hart E. R. C. '33. 



'32. 



Baldwin. J. A. Y. C. '29 ; P. S. '34. 

Egglestou. A. 

Evans. E. 

Hoes. J. C. F. A. C. '32 ; P. S. '35 

Hyndshaw, J. B. C. N. J. '20 ; P. S. '34. 

Leckner. A. M. 

Van Zandt, B. U. C. '33 ; Aub. S. '36. 



1837 



Allen, Peter. 

(Chambers. Talbot Wilson. R. C. '34.) 
Cruikshank. John C. V. C. "34. 
Demarest, John Terhune. R. C. '34. 
Demarest, William. C. C. '34. 
Duryea, John H. R. C. '34. 
Gordon. William R. U. N. Y. '34. 
Heerniance, Harrison. R. C. '34. 
Knox. John P. R. C. '30. 
Mesick. John F. R. C. "34. 
Pohlman. William J. R. C. '34. 
Wiggins. Ebenezer. U. N. Y. '34. 



:\Ioule, J. G. R. C 
Pepper, J. P. 
Pitcher. Wm. 
Robertson, S. 
Nott, John. 



'34; P. S. '37. 
Wms. C. '28 ; P. S. '35. 



1838. 



Brett. Philip Milledoler. R. C. '34. 
Clark. Robert C. Univ. Pa. '34. 
Harriman, Orlando. C. C. '35. 
Van Doren, John Addison. R. C. '35. 
(Van Santvoord, Cornelius. U. C. '35.) 
Wyckoff, Cornelius. R. C. '35. 



Abell, Jas. 

Ayres. S. B. C. N. J. '34 ; P. S. '37. 
Campbell, J. K. 
Ebaugh, J. S. 
Johnson, Wm. 
Lochead, W. 

Macauley. J. M. U. Pa. '34 ; P. S. '37. 
Osborne. N. P. S. '22. 
Van Santvoord. Cor. U. C. '35 ; N. B. 
& P. S. '38. 



APPENDIX 



733 



New Bi-unswick Seminary. 



Other Ministers. 



1839. 



Acker.son. John H. 
•Crawford. John B. R. C. '36. 
Elmeiidoi-f, Aiuhony. R. C. '36. 

(John.soii. lOdward D. R. C. '36.) 
Johnson, John (1. R. C. '36. 
Mooi-e, XVilliuin S. 

•Quackenbu.sh. Daniel McL. C. C. '36. 
■Quick. John J. 

(Wright. William.) 



Bourne. G. Homerton Sem. 1804. 
Chambers. T. W. D. C. 30-2 ; R. C. 

N. B. S. '34-5 ; P. S. 36-7. 
Gray. W. 

Harlow. S. 
Hvde. oren. 
Jo!ies. D. H. 
(Lewis, W.) 
Jukes, Chs. 



•32-4 



AUiger, John Benj. R. C. '35. 
Bookstaver. Jacob. R. C. '37. 
Demare.st. David D. R. C. '37. 
De Puy. Ephraim. R. C. '35. 
Janeway. John L. R. C. '36. 
(Janeway, William R. R. C. '37.) 
Pitts. Robert. R. C. '37. 
Scheiick. George. Y. C. '37. 
Schenck. Martin Luther. R. C. '37. 
Sheffield. John H. U. N. Y. '37. 
.Staats. John A. R. C. '36. 
Steele. Wm. Henry. R. C. '37. 
-Stryker. Lsaac P. R. C. '37. 
Van Amburgh, Robt. R. C. '37. 
Van Doren, William Theodore. R. C. '37. 
AVhitbeck. John. R. C. '37. 



U. C. '26 ; P. S. 



Birkbv, J. Rotherham, Col. 

Bi.^hou. A. H. Y. C. '30; P. S. 

Berkley. J. 

Bi'own, C. 

Doolittle. H 

Gate.'^. C. 

( Hai'kness. James.) 

Ingalls. W. U. C. '36 : And. Se 

Lord. Jer. S. N'. Y. U. '36 ; I'. 

Middlemas. J. 

Porter. R. 

Proudflt, J. W. U. C. '23 ; P. 

Starks. J. L. 

Van Buren, J. M. U. C. '3.5 ; 

Van Doren. W, H. P. S. '■i'\ 

Wood, Joel. 



'35. 

•20. 

in. 
S. 'SO 

S. '24. 
Aub. S. '3i 



1S41-50. 



1S41. 



■Cornell. James A. H. R. C. '38. 
X)rake, Francis Topjiing. R. C. 
Jones. Gardner. 
Knieskern. Joseph. R. C. '38". 
IMillspaugh, Alexander C. R. C. 
Myer. Gilbert McPhedrick. R. C. 
■Randall, Peter George. R. C. '38. 
Thomp.son, William J. R. C. '34. 
Turner, William E. R. C. '38. 
AVat.son. John. R. C. '38. 
Woodbridge. Samuel M. U. X. Y. '38. 



38. 



38. 

'38. 



Buckham. Jas. 
Dyer, D. 

Kennedy. D. U. C. '35 ; P. S. '37 
Knight, W. 

Xott. J. U. C. '23 ; A. S. & P. S. 
Sill, G. G. 

Rand, W. W. Bowdoin C. "37; 
S. '40. 



Bangor 



"Blauvelt. Cornelius J. 
(Clute. J. M. U. C. '39.) 
Collins. Barnabas V. L. F. C. 
Crispell, Cornelius E. R. C. '39. 
De Witt. John. R. C. '38. 
DuBois. John. U. C. '39. 
"Halloway, William W. R. C. '39. 
Hammond. Eben S. R. C. '39. 
Himrod. John S. R. C. '39. 
Hulbert, Victor M. R. C. '39. 
Lansing. Jacob A. 
Mills. Samuel W. R. C. '38. 
Porter. Elbert Stothoff. C. N. J 3 
Ryerson, Abram G. R. C. '39. 
Schoonmaker. Martin V. U. C. '39. 
Schultz. John Newton. R. C. '39. 
fTavlor. Andrew B. R. C. '39.) 
Willis. Ralph. 11. C. "39. 
■\Vintield. Aaron Burr. R. C. '39. 
Wyckoff. Theodore F. R. C. '39. 



Betts. W. R. S. U. C. '26 ; P. S. '30. 

Chapman. J. L. U. S. '41. 

Crocker. A. B. U. C. '39 ; P. S. '42. 

Dunning. E. O. 

Duryee. I. G. U. C. '38; A. S. '41. 

(Uiiden. J. C. 

Hageman, C. S. R. C. '37. 

-Murdock. D. 

Vandei' Volgen. J. "\'. 

Van Zandt, A B. C. C. '40; P. S. 4i 



734 



APPENDIX 



New Brunswick Seviinary. 



Other Ministers. 



1843. 



(Bennett, Jacques. U. C. '39.) 
Ganse, Hervey D. C. C. '39. 
(Miller, Isaac L. Kipp. R. C. '40. 
Van Wyck, George P. R. C. '40. 
Williamson, George R. R. C. '40. 
Williamson, N. D. B. R. C. '40. 



Clark, W. 

Davis, W. P. U. C. '33. 

Lyall, W. 

McParlane, Jas. 

Morris, H. Ham. C. '23 ; P. S. '28. 

(Newton, E. H.) 

Scott, Jas. Univs. of Belfast & Glasgow., 

Slauson, H. U. C. '37 ; U. S. '40. 

Thompson, D. R. 

Van Buren, J. M. 



1844. 



Cornell, William A. R. C. '41. 
Gardner, John. U. C. '41. 
(Hopper, Samuel G. R. C. '41.) 
Mabon, William A. V. V. U. C. '40. 
McNeish, David. R. C. '41. 
Oakey. Peter D. R. C. '41. 
Romondt, Chas. R. V. R. C. '41. 
See, John Limberger. R. C. '41. 
Taylor, William J. R. R. C. '41. 
Thomson, William. R. C. '41. 
Vedder, Edwin. R. C. '41. 
Vermilye, Ashbel G. U. N. Y. '40. 
(Watson, William.) 



Chester, C. H. 

Donald, Jas. 

Hall. D. B. U. C. '39 ; P. S. '42. 

Kerr, G. Wms. C. '39; U. S. '43. 

Lillie, Jas. 

McLean, C. G. 

Mead, C. S. U. C. '41; Aub. S. '44. 

Newton, E. 

Van Dyck, L. H. A. C. '30; Aub. S. 



'33. 



1845. 



Bailey, William. R. C. '42. 
(Boyse, Gerard. C. C. '40.) 
Knox, James H. M. C. C. '41. 
Lansing, John A. U. C. '42. 
Lloyd, Aaron. R. C. '42. 
Miller. William A. U. C. '42. 
(Milne. Chas.) 
Minor, John. R. C. '42. 
(Romaine. Benjamin F. R, C. '42.) 
Simonson, John. R. C. '42. 
Smith, Nicholas E. R. C. '41. 
Strong, Thomas C. U. C. '41. 
Talmage, Goyn. R. C. '4 2. 
Talmage, John Van N. R. C. '42. 
Voorhis, Jacob N. 
West, Jacob. R. C. '42. 
Wyckoff, Abraham V. R. C. '42. 



U. S. '41. 

P. S. & U. S. '39. 



Dickhant, J. C. 

Fisher, I. P. U. C. '39 ; 

Gulick, Alex. R. C. '35 

(Olinda, Douw. ) 

Thompson, A. R. N. Y. U. '36-'8 ; R. C. 

'39, '40; N. Y. U. '41-'2 ; P. S. '45. 
Wiley, Charles. C. C. & C. N. J. '25 ; Aub. 

S. '36 ; New Haven S. 



1846. 



Chapman, Nathan F. R. C. '44. 
Compton, James M. R. C. '44. 
Dutcher, Jacob C. R. C. '43. 
Murden, Benjamin F. R. C. '43. 
Seeber. Safrenus. R. C. '43. 
Spaulding. Cyril. R. C. '41. 
Stewart, Abel T. R. C. '43. 
Van Cleef, Paul D. R. C. '43. 
Van Neste, George J. '42. 



(Baldwin, Trueman.) 

Hall, B. R. C. N. J. & U. C. '20 ; P. S. '23. 
Henry, J. V. C. N. J. '15; P. S. '21. 
Neander, J. 
Miller, I. L. K. 

Scudder, W. W. C. N. J. '41 ; P. S. '45. 
Stebbins. J. U. C. '42; P. S. '45. 
Van Dvck, C. V. A. Jeff. Med. C. Phila- 
delphia, Pa. '39. 
Veenhuyzen, A. B. Geneva, Switzerland. 



1847. 



(Bellinger. J. W.) 

Conklin, Nathaniel. R. C. '44. 

Davenport. Jerome A. Univ. N. Y. '40. 

Lord. Daniel, f. Pa. '44. 

Manning. John Henrv. R. C. '44. 

Steele Richard H. R. C. "44. 

Van Neste, Abraham R. R. C. '41. 

(Whitehead, J. B. R. C. '44.) 



Betten, A. J. 

McLaren, M. N. U. C. '24. 
Roof. G. L. U. C. '31. 
Vandermeulen, C. 



APPENDIX 



735 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



Other Ministers. 



1848. 



Eltinge. Cornelius D. R. C. '44. 
Hammond, John W. 
Peltz. Philip. U. Pa. '45. 
Searle. Samuel Tomb. U. C. '45. 
Steele, John. R. C. '45. 
Stitt. Charles H. R. C. '44. 
Stryker. Peter. R. C. '45 
Ten Eyck. William H. R. C. '45. 
Todd. John Adams. R. C. '45. 
Van Brunt, Rutger.s. Hob. C. '40. 
Van Wyck, Polhemus. R. C. '43. 



Baay, G. 

Little. E. G. C. N. J. '45; P. S. '48. 
McKee, Jos. Belfast Coll. '29 ; U. S. '45- 
Marvin, U. W. C. & U. C. '35 ; P. S. '47. 
Moore, J. G. La. F. C. '42 ; P. S. '45. 
Serenbetz, F. M. 
Vander Schuur, K. 
Van Thuyzen, A. B. 



1849. 



Anderson, William. 
Eckel, Henry. U. Pa. '46. 
Ferris, John Mason. U. N. Y. '43. 
(Hedges. Hugh G. R. C. '46.) 
Phelps. Philip Jr. U. C. '44. 
Romevn, Theodore B. R. C. '46. 
Schenck. John W. R. C. '45. 
Snyder. Benjamin F. R. C. '46. 
Van Woert, Jacob H. R. C. '46. 



Bradford. W. J. 

Dickson, A. U. C. '45; P. S. '48. 

Evans, C. A. 

Freeze, A. P. 

James, W. L. U. C. '39 ; Bangor Sem. 

Livingston. H. G. W. C. '40; U. S. '49. 

McCartney, G. R. 

Rosenkrantz, J. 

Smith, J. 

Smuller, H. W. Oberlin C. 

Stein. F. 

Waldron, C. N. U. C. '46 ; P. S. '49. 

Willets, A. A. 



1850. 



Berry, James Romeyn. R. C. '47. 
Dater, Henry. R. C. '47. 
Du Bois, Anson. R. C. '47. 
(Galusha, Watts. R. C. '47.) 
Lente. James R. R. C. '42. 
Lippincott, Benjamin C. R. C. '47. 
Lockwood. Samuel. U. N. Y. '47. 
(Scudder, Samuel. R. C. '47.) 
Strong, J, Pascal. R. C. '45. 
Taylor. Wesley. R. C. '47. 
Voorhees, Henry V. R. C. '47. 



Bruen, J. M. U. Pa. '37; U. S. '42. 
Craven, E. R. C. N. J. '42 ; P. S. '48. 
Lehlbach, F. A. 



1851-1860. 



Bernart, James E. R. C. '48. 
Buckelew, William D. R. C. '48. 
Case. Calvin. R. C. '48. 
Comfort, Lawrence L. U. C. '48. 
(Elmendorf, Peter. R. C. '45.) 
Furbeck. George. U. C. '46. 
(How, Henry Kollock. R. C. '4 2.) 
Jansen, John N. R. C. '48. 
Mandeville. Giles H. R. C. '48. 
Rockwell. George. 
(Schriver. Thomas G. R. C. '47.) 
Scott. Charles. R. C. '4 8. 
Scudder. Jo.«eph. R. C. '48. 
Van Vranken, Adam H. R. C. '48. 
Wilson. James B. R. C. '48. 



Bolks, S. 

Brown, S. R. Y. C. '32 ; Columbia Sem. 
S. C. & U. S. '38. 

Buck, C. D. Wms. C. '45 ; U. S. '49. 

Bulkley, C. H. A. U. N. Y. '39 ; U. S. '42. 

(Burnham. 1. P.) 

Caiy, J. A. 

Doe, W. P. U. C. '44 ; U. S. '46. 

Kasse. A. K. 

Klvn. H. (5. 

La Tourette. J. A. M. N. Y. U. '48 ; P. S. '51. 

Pierce. N. P. A. C. '42 ; U. S. '45. 

Rowland. J. M. Beloit C. '26 ; P. S. '28. 

Scudder, H. M. N. Y. U. '40 ; U. S. '43. 

Seward. D. M. Y. C. '31 ; N. Haven S. '35. 

Smit. R. 

Vandermeulen. C. 

Van Raalte, A. C. Leyden Univ. '31; Ley- 
den Th. School '34. 

Wiseman, J. 

Ypma, M. A. 



736 



APPENDIX 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



Collier, Joseph A. R. C. '49. 
Gaston, John. R. C. '49. 
Julien, Robert D. 
See. Isaac M. R. C. '49. 
Van Gleson. A. P. U. N. Y. 



Other Ministers. 



1852. 



Berg, J. F. Moravian Insts. '3 

Birkey. A. 

Burghardt, P. H. U. C. '40. 

Cochrane, A. G. 

Jameson, C. M. 

McClure. A. Y. C. & A. C. '27 

McKee. Jos. 

Shaw, J. B. 



A. S. '3G. 



Elmendorf, Joachim. R. C. '50. 
Jones, Nathan W. R. C. '50. 
Kershow, Joseph H. R. C. '50. 
McNair, John L. R. C. '50. 
Searle. Stephen. U. C. '50. 
See. William G. E. 
.Shepard, Charles I. R. C. '50. 



Collier, Ezra W. R. C. '48. 

(Fonda, Jesse D. U. C. '50.) 
Lane, Gilbert. R. C. '51. 
Letson, William W. R. C. '51. 
Muller, John. R. C. '51. 
Stillvvell, Aaron L. R. C '51. 

(Stout, Nelson. R. C. '51.) 
Terhune, Edward P. R. C. '50. 



Be Baun, John A. R. C. '52. 
Joralmon, J. Sansom. R. C. '52. 
Livingston, Edward P. R. C. '52. 

(Mohn, Leopold.) 
Schneewels, Franz M. 
Schnellendreussler. H. F. F. 
Schwedes, Franz R. 
Scudder, Ezekiel C. W. R. C. '50. 
Scudder, Jared W. W. R. C. '50. 
Van Vleck. John. R. C. '52. 
Wells, Cornelius Low. R. C. '52. 
Zabriskie. Francis N. U. N. Y. '50. 



Corwin, Edward T. C. C. X. Y. '53. 

Demarest, James. Jr. U. C. '52. 

Doolittle. Philip M. U. C. '52. 

Hart-is, J. Ferguson. R. C. '53. 

TVIunn. Anson F. R. C. '52. 

Oerter. John Henrv. 

Talm.age. T. De Witt. U. N. Y. '53. 

Vande Wall. Giles. 

Wagner, John Martin. R. C. '53. 

"Wyckoff, Jacob Snediker. R. C. '53. 



Atwater, E. R. U. C. '34. 

Beidler, B. F. Mar. C. '46; Mar. Sem. '49, 

Cuyler, T. L. C. N. J. '41 ; P. S. '46. 

Davie, J. T. M. 

Dunnewold, J. W. 

Edgar, C. H. C. N. J. '31. 

Madoulet, J. B. 

Pohle. K. A. J. 

Read. H. ^V. C. '26 : P. S. '28 ; And. S. 

Seelye, J. H. A. C. '49 ; Aub. S. '52. 

Talmage, P. S. J. C. '45 : P. S. '48. 

Wolff, W. 

Zurcher, J. N. 



1S54. 



Beattv, James. 
Bentley. E. W. Y. C. '5 0. 
Boehrer, J. 

Bronson, O. U. C. '45. 
Burroughs. G. W. 
Dickhaut, C. 
Hones. J. 
McGregor, E. R. 
Mohn, L. 

Parker, Charles. U. S. '48. 
Pfister. J. P. 

Peck. T. R. G. Y. C. '48 ; P. S. & U. S. '51. 
(Robinson, S. N. ) 

Vandewater. A. C. N. J. '46 ; P. S. '49. 
Welch, R. B. U. C. '46; And. S. '50; Aub. 
S. '52. 



1855. 



Bielfield, H. Mid. C. '21 ; And. S. '2 
Bingham, L. G. M. C. '21; A. S. '25. 



Fulton, Wm. 

Gardeneir. W. Y. C. '42: P. S. '49. 

Hastings. S. M. P. Ham. C. '33 ; Aub. S. 37. 

Johns, William. 

King, F. L. C. N. J. '44 ; P. S. '48. 

Kuss, C. 

Pettingill. J. H. 

Schroepfer. E. 

Schwilk. W. F. 

Vander Schuur, R. 

Weisgotten. Z. 

Wust. W. C. 



1856. 



Benedict. W. A. 

Bolton. James. U. C. '51 ; U. S. '53. 

De Roy. J. 

Doeppenschmidt, C. 

Dver, S. 

Friedel, H. A. 

Gardiner. H. B. 

Haselbarth. W. G. 

Oggel, P. J. 

Pearce, J. L. U. C. '49 : P. S. '56. 

Rogers. E. P. Y. C. '37; P. S. '40. 

Van Buren, B 

Van der Bosch. K. 



APPENDIX 



737 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



Decker, Henry E. W. C. '53. 
Holmes, John M"cC. W. C. '54. 
Le Fevre, James. R. C. '54. 
Markle, Joslkh. R. C. '53. 
Suydam. J. Howard. R. C. '54. 
Thompson, Henry P. R. C. '54. 



Other Ministers. 



Enyard, William T. R. C. '55. 

Lott. John S. R. C. '55. 

Lowe. John C. R. C. '55. 

Mayou, Joseph. R. C. '55. 

McKelvev. Alex. R. C. '55. 

Neef, Jacob F. S. G. 

Ostrom, Alvan. R. C. '55. 

Rapalje. Daniel. R. C. '55. 

Riedel, F. W. A. S. G. 

Searle, Jeremiah. Jr. R. C. '55. 

(Strong. Mason R. Univ. N. Y. '55.) 

Strong. Robert Grier. U. N. Y. '55. 

Thompson, John B. R. C. '51. 

Todd. Augustus F. R. C. '51. 



1857. 



Becker, Carl. 

Cobb, O. E. Y. C. '53 ; U. S. '57. 

Dyer, Fr. 

Finch, H. W. 

Hamilton. William. 

Hebard, F. 

Jevvett, A. D. L. Wms. C. '52 ; P. S. '54. 

Morse, A. G. 

Riddle, D. H. J. C. '23; P. S. '28. 

Romaine. B. F. R. C. '42. 

Roosevelt, W. 

Selden, C. 

Van Lienwen, William. 

Watson, A. 

De Luister, J. 



1858. 



Bates, Elisha D. 

Buri, P. 

Campfield, R. B. C. N. J. '24 ; Aub. S. '28. 

Cole, David. R. C. '42. 

Collins, Chs. Phil. Classical Inst. 

Conrad, C. E. 

Dean, A. A. C. '42 ; A. S. '48. 

Hall, J. G. 

Lansing. A. G. U. C. '83. 

McEckron, G. M. 

Merrill, F. P. S. '43. 

Nykerk, G. J. 

Seelve. E. E. U. C. '39 ; P. S. '43. 

St. John. 

Stobbelaer, N. 

Sturges, S. 

Van Tubbergen, G. 

Wilson, H. N. C. N. J. '30 ; P. S. '34. 

Zastera, F. 

Zwemer, A. 



1859. 



Chamberlain, Jacob. W. R. C. '56. 
Du Bois, Hasbrouck. Y. C. '56. 
Furbeck, Philip. U. C. '54. 
Hansen. Maurice G. R. C. '56. 
Huyssoon, James. 
Jansen. Josiah. R. C. '56. 
Knowiton, Albert W. Western Res. C. '55. 
(Leslie. John R. Rochester.) 
Lott, Henry Ray. M. D. W. C. 
(New. William E. ) 
Nott. Charles De K. U. C. '54. 
Riddle, Matthew B. J. C. '52. 
(Shiebe. Henrv. ) 
Shaw. William A. Mad. U. 
Vanderveer, Cvrus G 
Weiss, Edward M. S. G. 



Brown, H. J. 

Eells, Jas. Ham. C. '44 ; Aub. S. '51. 

Henshaw, M. A. C. "45 ; U. S. '47. 

Houbolt, W. A. 

Sawyer, A. (Hindu.) 

Shaffer, T. L. 

Skinner. T. H., Jr. N. Y. U. '40 ; U. S. "43. 

Souri, P. (Hindu.) 

Timlow, H. R. C. N. J. '52. 

Verbeck. G. F. Aub. S. '59. 

Wales, E. V. 

White, E. N. Y. C. '54 ; U. S. '57. 



Baay. Jacob. B. C. '57. 
Ballagh. James H. R. C. '57. 
Berry. Philip. R. C. '57. 
Collier, Isaac. R. C. '57. 
Gulick. Albert V. R. C. '57. 
Hutton. Mancius H. U. N. Y. '57. 
Jones. Henry W. F. Salt Hill Acad., Eng. 
Kip. Leonard W. C. C. '56. 
(Loeber. Frederick.) 
Miller, Edward. R. C. '57. 
Peeke, George H. R. C. '57. 
(Proudfit, Robert R. R. C. '64.) 
Rogers. L. Cortlandt. Wms. C. '56. 
(Schoenfelt. Christian.) 
Scudder, John. R. C. '57. 
Talmage. Thomas A. R. C. '57. 
Warner, Isaac W. Y. C. '52. 
Watkins, John E. R. C. '57. 
Wortman, Denis. A. C. '57. 



Aurand, H. D. C. '30. 

Baird. C. W. N. Y. U. '48 ; U. S. '52. 

Brace. F. R. Y. C. '57 ; Aub. S. '60. 

Crosby. Howard. N. Y. U. '44. 

Forsvth, J. R. C. '29 ; Edinburgh Univ. 

Hitchcock, E. W. 

Johnson, H. H. 

Kno.x, Chs. E. Ham. C. '56 ; U. S. "59. 

Larimore. J. W. N. Y. U. '56 ; P. S. "58. 

McWilliams. A. U. C. '50 ; Newburg S. '55. 

Major, J. W. U. C. '50 ; P. S. '53. 

Miller, H. Leipzig Univ. '55. 

Rice. C. D. 

Rockwell. Chs. Y. C. '26; A. S. '34. 

Studdiford, P. A. C. N. J. '49 ; P. S. "52. 

Weiland, K. B. 

Wenisch, J. 



738 



APPENDIX 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



Other Ministers. 



1861-1870. 



1861. 



Blauvelt. Augustus. R. C. '58. 
Bonney, Peres B. R. C. '57. 
(Butiz, Henry Anson. C. N. J. 
Drury, John Benj. R. C. '58. 
Durand, Cyrus B. R. C. '58. 
Duryee, William R. R. C. '56. 
(Frazee, J. Hatfield.) 
Kip, Isaac L. R. C. '55. 
Krum, Josephus D. R. C. '58. 
Miller, William H. 
Pieters. Roelof. R. C. '58. 
(Proudfit. Alexander. R. C. '58.) 
Stanbrough, Rufus M. R. C. '58. 
Swick, Minor. R. C. '58. 
Thompson, Abram. R. C. '57. 
Vandermeulen, Jac. C. R. C. '58. 
Vander Veen. Christ. R. C. '58. 
Van Vranken, F. V. U. C. '58. 
Vehslage, Henry. C. C. N. Y. '58. 
Watson, Thomas G. Hob. C. '57. 
W^ilson, Peter Quick. R. C. '58. 



Gilbert, A. F. 

Heermance, E. I. Y. C. '58 ; A. S. '61. 
58.) (Hewling, George.) 

Little, J. A. C. C. N. Y. '54; U. S. '57. 
Murray, C. D. Y. C. ; Y. S. 



1862. 



Beck, Theodoric R. R. C. '49. 

Brandt, Henrv W. 

Brock, John R. R. C. '59. 

Burr, Marcus. , 

Collier, Isaac Henry. R. C. '59. 

Cornell, William. R. C. '59. 

Doolittle, T. Sanford. R. C. '59. 

Fehrman, Jacob. 

Garretson, Gilbert S. R. C. '59. 

Gulick, Uriah D. R. C. '59. 

(Hawes, Henry Herbert.) 

Mathews, John R. N. Y. U. '59. 

Mattice, Abram. R. C. *58. 

Peeke, Alonzo P. R. C. '59. 

Rhinehart. J. Kelly. R. C. '59. 

Rogers. Samuel J. R. C. '59. 

Schermerhorn, H. R. 

(Scudder, S. D., M. D. R. C. '56.) 

Sebring, Arad Joy. R. C. '59. 

Vandermeulen. John. R. C. '59. 

W^hitbeck. Richard M. R. C. '59. 

Wilson, Frederick F. R. C. '59. 

Wurts, ^Villiam A. L. F. C. 



Betten, A. J. 

Clark, R. W. Y. C. '38; And. S. "41. 

Connitt, G. W. W. C. '49 ; Ch. Th. Inst. '53. 

Duryea, Jos. T. C. N. J. '56 ; P. S. '59. 

Gardner, T. A. 

Gramm, G. E. 

Johnson, H. H. Miami Univ. ; Allegh. S. 

King, A. B. C. N. J. '55 ; U. S. & P. S. '58. 

(Merwin, M. T. ) 

Meyer, Karl. Univ. Halls, '47 ; Freidberg 

Sem. '48. 
Veenhuizen, A. B. 



1863. 



Ballagh, ^Villiam H. R. C. '60. 

Be-irdslee, John W. R. C. '60. 

Bogardus, Francis M. R. C. '60. 

Bogardus, William E. R. C. '60. 

De Witt, Richard. R. C. '60. 

Geyer. Julius W. R. C. 

Hageman, Andrew J. R. C. '60. 

Karsten, John H. R. C. '60. 

(Lyell, James. R. C.) 

Phraner, William H. N. Y. U. '60. 

Skillman. William J. R. C. '60. 

Vermilye, Dupuytren. R. C. '60. 

Voorhees, Henry M. R. C. '59 

Voorhees. William B. R. C. '60. 

Wilson. Charles W. R. C. '61. 

Winter, Egbert. R. C. '60. 

Zabriskie, Jeremiah L. C. C. Law Dep. '54. 



Berger, M. L. ^Vms. C. '59; U. S. '62. 

Cochrane, A. G. Mid C. '47: P. S. '48. 

Con.<5eul, G. D. W. Am. C. '58 ; P. S. '61. 

(Humpersly. G. W. ) 

lap Han Chiong. (Chinese.) 

Kimball, Jos. U. C. '39 ; Newburgh S. '43. 

Ricketts, J. H. 

Le Tau. (Chinese.) 

Turner, Jas. 

White, G. 



APPENDIX 



739 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



1864. 



Other Ministers. 



Bartholf, Benj. A. R. C. '61. 
Bodine, George DeWitt. R. C. '61. 
(Borst. J. William. R. C. "61.) 
Broek, Dirk. R. C. '61. 
Cole, Solomon T. 
Du.sinberre, Thos. S. R. C. '61. 
Garretson. John. 

Hartranft, Chester D. U. Pa. '61. 
Quick, Abram M. R. C. '60. 
(Sherwood, Nathan M.) 
Van Benschoten, W. B. R. C. '61. 
Van Doren, John H. R. C. '59. 
(Van Vliet, Thornton. R. C. '61.) 
(Van Wagenen, Wm. A. C. C. '61.) 
Wyckoff, James. R. C. '61. 
(Zabri-skie, William Pell.) 

Anderson, Wm. H. R. C. '62. 
Brett, Cornelius. N. Y. U. '62. 
Brush, Alfred H. R. C. '62. 
De Free, Peter. R. C. '62. 
Doremus, Joseph H. R. C. '62. 
Fritz, Charles W. R. C. '62. 
Gesner, Oscar. R. C. '62. 
(Gregory, Oscar.) 
Horton, Francis A. R. C. '62. 
Justin, John. R. C. '62. 
Lepeltak, Peter. R. C. '62. 
Merritt, William B. R. C. '62. 
Schenk, John Van Nest. R. C. '62. 
Schlieder, Frederic E. 
Sebring, Elbert N. R. C. '62. 
Statesir. Benjamin T. R. C. '62. 
Strong, Selah Woodhull. U. N. Y. '62. 
Van Slyke, Evert. R. C. '62. 
Vroom, William H. R. C. '62. 
Wells, Theodore W. R. C. '62. 
Wyckoff, DeWitt B. R. C. '62. 



Blauvelt, G. M. S. N, Y. U. '50 ; P. S. '53. 
Cobb, S. H. Y. C. '582; P. S. '62. 
Collier, E. A. N. Y. U. '57 ; P. S. '60. 
Fenner, J. 

Hartley, 1. S. N. Y. U. '52 ; U. S. & A. S. '56. 
Petrie, J. U. C. '46 ; Aub. S. '49. 
Schroeder, A. W. C. '61; Aub. S. '64. 
White, G. W. C. '61 ; Aub. S. '64. 



1865. 



Arcularius, And. M. R. C. '63. 
Brush, William W. R. C. '62. , 
Kiekintveld. Mannes. R. C. '63. 
Kriekaard. Adrian. R. C. '63. 
Mills, George A. R. C. '63. 
Oggel, Edward C. R. C. '63. 
Pool, Charles H. R. C. '63. 
(Riggs, Charles H. R. C. '62.) 
Seibert, George A. R. C. '63. 
(Smith, William. R. C. '63.) 
Smock, John H. R. C. '63. 
Swain, George W. R. C. '62. 
Utterwyck, Henry. R. C. '62. 
(Vile, Joseph Mabon. R. C. '63.) 



Bahler, Lewis Henri. R. C. '61. 
Bertholf, James H. R. C. '64. 
Bogert, Nicholas J. M. R. C. '64. 
(Collins, Jame.s M. Univ N. Y. '64.) 
(Doremus, Andrew 
Halloway, Wm. W. 
Jones, Thomas W. 
Kip, Francis M. Jr. 
Rutte, John M. Un. 



J. R. C. '64.) 

U. N. Y. '64. 

R. C. '64. 

U. N. Y. '64. 

Utrecht. 
Steinfuhrer, Chs. D. F. U. C. '64. 
Sutphen, David S. R. C. '64. 
Van Arsdale. N. H. R. C. '62. 
Van Buren, Peter H. U. N. Y. '64. 
Van Doren, David K. R. C. 
Van Home, David. U. C. '64. 
Ward, Henry. U. C. '64. 
Wyckoff, Abram N. R. C. '62. 



Bahler, P. B. 

Boyd, J. S. C. C. N. J. '55 

Clark, W. H. W. R. C. '59 ; 

Cludius, T. 

Dahlmann, J. J. W. 

Gerhard, L. 

Koopman, H. R. 

Reidenbach, J. A. 

Smith, W. H. 

Tomb, J. S. L. 



S. '63. 
S. '63. 



1866. 



Cobb, H. N. U. C. '55 ; Y. S. '57. 
Cooper, Jac. Y. C. '52 ; Berlin Univ. '54 

Theology, Halle and Berlin. 
Denniston, J. O. Y. C. '56 ; G. S. '62. 
Enders. J.. H. U. C. '58 ; P. S. '61. 
Fairchild, E. S. C. N. J. '56; A. S. '59. 
Frazee, J. H. R. C. ; N. B. S. 
Hart, Chas. E. C. N. J. '58 ; P. S. '61. 
Jongeneel, L. J. 
Reiley, D. T. R. C. '57. 
(Richards, L. E. ) 

Roe, S. W. N. Y. U. '47 ; U. S. '51, 
(Schell. L.) 
Sinclair, J. H. 



1867. 



Brown, W. S. C. N. J. '60 ; P. S. '63. 

Carroll, J. H. U. Pa. '51 ; P. S. '54. 

De Beer, J. B. 

Eddy, Z. 

Ettirojooloo. S. (Hindoo.) 

Feltch, J. H. 

Heyser, H. C. 

Hicks. W. W. 

Israel. (Hindoo.) 

John. (Hindoo.) 

Kellogg, C. D. C. N. J. '61 ; P. S. 

Kuyper, A. C. 

Liebeneau, M. F. N. Y. U. *39 ; U. S. '41. 

Meury, J. St. Peter's Col., Rome. 

Sherwood, N. M. (2d.) 

Van Aken, G. N. Y. U. '62 ; P. S. '63 ; U. 

Vander Veer. D. N. U. C. '63; P. S. '66. 
Yasadian. (Hindu.) 



740 



APPENDIX 



New Brunsioick Seminary. 

Allen, John Knox. R. C. '65. 
Amerman, James L. U. N. Y. '62. 
(Brown, Josiah J. R. C. '60.) 
Campbell, Alan D. R. C. '62. 
Davis, John A. James. R. C. '65. 
De Hart, William H. R. C. '65. 
Orant, Henry Jesse. R. C. '65. 
Myers, Henrv V. S. W. C. '65. 
.Shaw, John Fletcher. R. C. '65. 
Stout, Henry. R. C. '65. 
Warnshuis, John W. R. C. '65. 
Westveer, Adrian. R, C. '65. 
Zabriskie, Albert A. R. C. '65. 



Ackerman, Edward G. R. C. '66. 
Berg, Herman C. R. C. '66. 
Bookstaver, Adam A. R. C. '66. 
Brokaw, Isaac P. R. C. '66. 
Hulst, George D. R. C. '66. 
(Myers, A. E. W. C. '67.) 
Southard, James L. R. C. '66. 
Van Buskirk, Peter V. R. C. '66. 
Van Slyke, John G. R. C. '66. 

Hope Seminary. 

Buursma, A. H. C. '66.^ 
Dangremond. G. H. C.*'66. 
■Gilmore, W. B. H. C. '66. 
Moerdyk. P. H. C. '66. 
Moerdyk, W. H. C. '66. 
Te Winkle. J. W. H. C. '66. 
Woltinan, H. H. C. '66. 

New Brunswick Seminary. 

TBergen, Tunis G. R. C. '67.) 
Campbell, James B. R. C. '70. 
Church, John B. R. C. '67. 
Kipp, Peter E. U. N. Y. '67. 
Mead, Ellas. R. C. '68. 
^uckow, C. F. C. 

Hope Seminary. 

De Pree, Jas. H. C. '67. 
Heeren, E. J. H. C. '67. 
Huizinga, J. H. C. '67. 
Van Ess, B. Kampen. 



1868. 



Other Ministers. 



Blauvelt, C. R. N. Y. U. '64; P. S. & U. 

Cleghorn, E.' B. P. S. '50. 

De Bey, B. 

Deyo, P. T. 

Farmer, S. F. Frank. C. '50. Can. S. '54. 

Hopkins, D. U. S. '68. 

Hoyt, S. A. 

Meerwein, O. Univ. Berlin '62 ; U. S. *6». 

Noble, G. P. W. C. '65 ; U. S. '68. 

Paton, T. 

Renskers, J. G. 

Riley, Is. Y. C. '58 ; U. S. '61. 



1869. 



Bechthold, A. H. 

Branch, H. 

Banner, J. L. Bel. C. '63 ; U. S. '67. 

Ferris, Wm. 

Gamble, S. T. Jeff. C. '68 ; P. S. '70. 

Haring, Garret. 

Ingersoll, E. P. W. C. '55 ; A. S. '63. 

Johnson, W. L. Lincoln Univ. '69 ; U. S. 

Ludlow, J. M. C. N. J. '61; P. S. '64. 

Mershon, S. L. C. N. J. '50; P. S. '53. 

Orr, T. X. JefC. C. '57 ; Allegh. S. '63. 

Peffers. A. B. N. Y. U. '50 ; U. S. '53 

Shaw, A. U. S. '69. 

Smith, M. B. Epis. Sem. Va. '59. 

Stockwell, A. P. A. C. '62 ; U. S. '65. 

Viele, J. P. U. C. '61 ; P. S. '64. 

Wadsworth,"C. U. C. '37; P. S. '40. 



1870. 



Carr. W. H. 

Crolius, P. B. C. C. N. Y. 

Crosby, A. R. C. '68 ; N. B. S, & U. S. '70. 

Cumming.s, L. 

Forsyth, Jas. C. 

Gleason, W. H. Y. C. '53. 

Huntington, H. L. C. N. J. '50 ; Aub. S. & 

P. S. '54. 
Lord, E. W. C. '43 ; Aub. S. '46. 
Losch, H. 
Myers, A. E. W. C. '66 ; N. B. S. '67 ; P. 

S. '69 ; U. S. '70. 
Ormiston. W. Victoria C, Coburg '48. 
(Pettengill.) 
Riggs, A. B. Jeff. C. '63 ; Aub. S. '69 ; U. 

S. '70. 
Williams, R. R. U. S. '70. 
Windemuth, G. 
Wood, A. Dart. C. '34 ; A. S. 
Wolff, C. H. H. Aub. S. '70. 



1871-1880. 
1871. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Bahler, Peter G. M. R. C. '68. 
Carroll, Vernon B. R. C. '68. 

(Crosby. Arthur. R. C. '68.) 
Davis. William E. R. C. '68. 

(Hamlin. Teunis G. U. C. '67.) 

Oliver. Matthew N. U. C. '57. 

(Vanderveer, Pet. L. R. C. '68.) 
"Van Doren. Wm. H. R. C. '67. 

(Voorhees, Louis B. C. N. J. '68.) 

Hope Seminary. 

Broek. J. H. C. '68. 
Vandekreek. G. H. C. '68. 
Visscher, Wm. 



Beekman. J. S. C. N. J. '57 ; P. S. '60. 

Choan-Thiang-Kit. (Chinese.) 

De Jonge, W. P. 

Griswold, J. V. U. C. '65 ; U. S. '68. 

Hutton, A. J. 

Keating, T. 

Kershaw, J. U. 

Lockwood, J. H. 

Magee, G. A. 

Mattice, H. 

McAdam. H. 

Nichols. Thos. C. N. J. '56 ; U. S. '60 ; A. 

S. '61. 
Reichart. J. F. 
Schweitzer, E. 



S. '68. 
W. C. '68 ; P. S. '71. 



APPENDIX 



741 



Other Ministers. 

Snyder, G. M. Ham. C. '68 ; U. S. '71. 

StelTons, N. M. 

TioiiK luli. {Chmc.sc.) 

V'aiulei'kley, W. 

Van Doren, L. H. C. N. J. '31. 

Voorhees, L. B. 

Weber, Jac. 



1872. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Cornet, Edward. 
Doig, Rober. R. C. '69. 
(Griftis, William E. R. C. '69.) 
Hart, John. R. C. '69. 
Hill, William J. R. C. '70. 
Lodewick, Edward. R. C. '69. 
Sfheiiok. Ferd. S. C. N. J. '65 ; Al. 
S. '67. 

Hope Seminary. 

Borsens, H. H. C. '68. 
Vander Hart, E. H. C. '69. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Ander.son, Asher. R. C. '70. 
((Jarretson, Geo. R. R. C. '70.) 
(Jones, Charles J. K. R. C. '70.) 
(Knickerbocker, D. M. R. C. '70.) 
Labaw, (George W. R. C. '69. 
Lasher, Calvin Ed. R. C. '70. 
(McLaury, John P. R. C. '70.) 
Pearse, Nicholas. R. C. '70. 
Pearse, Richard A. R. C. '70. 
Schenek, Jacob W. R. C. '70. 
Taylor, (Jrahani. R. C. '70. " 
Van Deventer, J. C. U. N. Y. '70. 



Beattie, R. H. U. C. '34. 
Chambers. T. F. C. C. N. Y. '68 ; U. S. '70. 
JJuiker. A. 

Inglis, D. Edinburgh Univ. '41. 
•Johnson, Andrew. 

Park, A. J. N. Y. U. '63 ; U. S. '66. 
Pool, G. H. 

Smart, J. G. Am. C. '68 ; P. S. '71. 
Steffens, N. M. Kamiier Theo. Sem. 
Stitt, W. C. C. N. J. '56; P. S. '60. 
Whitehead, J. H. W. C. '69; U. S. '72. 
Young, A. H. Miami Univ. "59 ; Lane S. 
'63. 



iS7a. 



Bagley, F. H. Ham. C. '70 ; U. S. '73. 
(Ball, J. A.) 
15ean, A. 

Oosker, N. H. Groningen Univ. '49. 
Francis, L. Univ. of Vt. '56 ; A. S. '60. 
Harris. H. R. 
Masden, C. P. 

Handles, W. N. U. C. '59 ; Xenia S. '63. 
Van Emmerick, G. I. 

Wolfe, G. L. Danville Sem. Kv. '61 ; P. S. 
'62. 



Hope Seminary. 

Boer, H. K. H. C. '70. 
De Bruyn, P. H. C. '70. 
De Spelder, J. A. H. C. '70. 
Zwemer, J. F. H. C. '70. 

AVtr. Brunswick Seminary. 

Benfon. Aaron W. R. C. '71. 
<5arretson, James C. R. C. '71. 
Hageman. Andrew. R. C. '71. 
Todd, William N. R. C. '71. 
Veenschoten, Wm. H. C. '71. 
Wyckoff, John H. R. C. '71. 



Hoffman, J. 
Neerken. N. 



Hope Seminary. 

H. C. '71. 
H. C. '71. 



1874. 



A lion, A. W. 

.'Vnd.T.son, C. T. C. N. J. '69 ; P. S. '7:i. 

Bartlctt. D. K. U. C. '54 ; P. S. '58. 

Heekman, A. J. C. N. J. ; U. S. '74. 

Bell, G. B. Y. C. "52; U. S. '59. 

( Butler, A. J.) 

Dysart, J. P. U. C. '65 ; IT. P. S. '68. 

Kvans, C. P. 

Ford, W. H. U. S. '73. 

Fowler, W. C. IJ. S. '70. 

Haines. M. L. Wab. C. '71 ; IJ. S. '74. 

Handy, W. C. C. N. J. '55 : Danville Sem. 

'57. 
Hulst. L. J. 

Miller, E. R. «'. N. J. '67: P. S. '70. 
fiederus. P. Kampen '52. 
Kii-ke. H. 
Sharirley, G. 
Saul. G. 
Stoll, A. 

Taylor. Cr. I. U. C.. '43 ; I'. S. '47. 
W.iland, K. B. 

Williams. R. G. C. N. J. 'TO; P. S. '73. 
Young, C. J. 
Watermuelder, L. 

Wood. Chs. W. Koch. Univ. '64 : P. S '67. 
Zindler. CJ. Miss. House, Franklin. Wis. 

•74. 



Hnmei'ton (\ Lmiilon. 



742 



APPENDIX 



New Brvnsivick Seminary. 



Other Ministers. 



1875. 



Craig, Horace P. 
Harper, Joseph Alex. R. C. '73. 
Hoffman, William H. R. C. '72. 
Leggett, William J. R. C. '72. 
Matthews, Alg. S. Elizabeth C. 
Miller, Ben. C. Jr. R. C. '72. 
Hies, George Adam. R. C. '72. 
Van Neste. John A. R. C. '72. 
Van Vranken, H. H. M. U. '72. 

Hope Srminary. 

Hazenberg, W. 
Wormser, A. H. ('. '7;;. 



Betz, W. F. 

Bishop, G. S. A. S. '58 ; G. S. & P. S. '54. 

Dickson. H. R. Charleston Col. '58, Co- 
lumbia Sem. '61. 

Elterich, W. L. 

Gardner, J. S. C. N. J. '71 ; U. S. '76. 

Garretson, G. R. R. C. '70 ; N. B. S. '71 ; 
U. S. '74. 

Gulick, Alexander. R. C. '35 ; U. S. '39, 
(2d.) 

Hageman, J. W. C. N. J. '72; U. S. "75. 

Lang, J. E. Swiss Inst. '65. 

McDermond. C. H. 

Neef, G. L. 

Perry, Wm. D. Am. C. '70 ; U. S. 74. 

Schick, G. B. 

Thoms. J. F. 



New JJransicick Seminary. 

Allen, Frederick E. R. C. '73. 
Cleveland, George H. R. C. '73. 
Conklin. John W. R. C. '71. 
Demarest, James S. N, R. C. '72. 
Devries, Henry. 
Harris, Howard. R. C. '73. 
(Hawxhurst. Dan'l T. R. C. '73.) 
Killough, Walter \\'. Dav. C. '73. 
Kirkpatrick, M. R. Dav. C. '75. 
Martine, Abram I. R. C. '73. 
(Pitcher, Charles W. R. C. '73.) 
Schenck. Isaac S. R. C. '73. 
Van Aken, Alex. G. R. C. '73. 
Van Allen, Ira. R. C. '73. 
Vanderwart. H. H. C. '73. 
Van Fleet. Jacob O. R. C. '73. 
Wallace, W. G. F. Dav. C. '73. 
Wright, Charle.s S. R. C. '73. 



Hope Sein itinry. 

Baker, F. P. 

Meulendvk. J. H. C. '73. 

Nies, H. E. H. C. '73. 



AUeg. & 



Adams, R. L. 

Ashley, A. W. 

Bantley, John. 

Cook, W. W. R. C. '73 ; U. S. '76. 

Handy, W. C. C. N. J. '53 ; Danv. S. '57. 

Howell, H. A. 

Hoyt, J. H. U. C. '73 ; U. S. '76. 

Hutchins, J. Univ. Wis. '73 

U. S. '76. 

Kern, F. Leipzig Univ. ; Du Buque S. '68. 
(Lawrence, D. W. ) 
Martvn, W. C. U. S. '69. 
(McKinlev, G. A.) 
Milliken, R. P. 
Ogden, I. G. 

Plumley, G. S. Y. C. '50 ; U. S. '55. 
Powell, H. A. U. C. '73 ; U. S. '76. 
Schulke, P. F. 
Shaffer. J. F. 
Westerfield, Wm. 
Whitehurst, J. 
Zubli, E. B. 



C. C. N. Y. '64 ; U. S. '68. 



Neio Urtmswick Seminary. 

Brokaw, Ralph W. R. C. '74. 
Davis, Titus Elwood. R. C. '74. 
Gutweiler, Ernest. C. C. N. Y. '74. 
Higgins, Charles W. 
Kriekaard. Cornel. H. C. '74. 
Krueger, Chas. H. T. R. C. '74. 
Lansing, John G. U. C. '75. 
(Laurence, Wm. H. R. C. '71.) 
Lvdecker, George D. R. C. '74. 
(Marvin. Fred. R., M. D. C. C. Med. 

Department '70.) 
Rederus. Sipko. Gym. Kamp. Neth. 
Streng, Samuel. H. C. '71. 
Talma°-e. David M. R. C. '74. 
(Van Halteren. Jac. H. C. '73.) 
Van Pelt, Daniel. C. C. N. V. '74. 



Buck, C. D. (2d). U. S. '49. 

Griffls, W. E. R. C. '69 ; N. B. S. •69-'70 

U. S. '77. 
Lawrence, E. C. U. C. '69 ; P. S. '75. 
Lloyd, W. S. 
Meulendyk, ,1. 
Nathaniel M. (Hindu.) 
Ogawa. (Jap.) 
Okuno. (Jap.) 
Rosenberg, F. W. 
Schlegel, J. 
Schultz, E. 
Warn.shuis, H. W. 
Whitehurst, J. Brooklyn Lay C. '75 



APPENDIX 



743 



Hope Seminary. 

Vander Ploeg, H. H. C. '74. 
VV'abeke. C. H. C. '74. 

Hope Seminary Class of 1878. 

(Dosker. H. E. H. C. '79.) 
(Dykstra, L. H. C. '75.) 
(Hoekje. J. H. C. '73.) 

Hope Seminary Class of 1879. 

(Pfanstiehl. A. H. C. ) 
(Visscher, J.) 

Hope Seminary Class of 1880. 

(Van Oostenbrugger. Cor. H. C. '76.) 
Theological Instruction Suspended in Hope 
Seminary 1877-1884. 



Other Ministers. 



1878. 



New Brjinswick Seminary. 

Barr, Robert H. R. C. '75. 
Dykstra, Lawrence. H. C. '75. 
Graham. James Ed. R. C. '71. 
Griffin. Walter T. R. C. '75. 
Hendrickson. H. A. R. C. '75. 
Hoekje, John. H. C. '73. 
Janeway, Harry L. R. C. '74. 
Kemlo, James. R. C. '75. 
Lock wood, Louis J. R. C. '75. 
Oppie. John. R. C. '74. 
Pockman, P. T. R. C. '75. 
Ravmond. A. V. V. U. C. '75. 
Salisbury, John H. R. C. '75. 
Searle, John P. R. C. '75. 
Slocum, George. M. D. U. C. '72. 
Walser. Oliver H. R. C. '75, 
AVyckoff, Ben. V. D. R. C. '75. 



Bergen, John H. 
Booth. Eugene S. R. C. '76. 
Cox. Henrv Miller. R. C. '76. 
Ditmars. C. P. R. C. '76. 
(Dosker, Henrv Elias. H. C. '76.) 
Duryee, Joseph R. R. C. '74. 
House. Isaac E. 
Lawsing, Sidnev O. R. C. '74. 
Lyall, John Ed. R. C. '76. 
Milliken. Peter H. R. C. '76. 
Nasholds. W. H. R. C. '76. 
Schomp. William W. R. C. '76. 
Stalls, Bergen B. R. C. '76. 
(Sutphen. James G. R. C. '75.) 
Taylor, William R. R. C. '76. 
Walden. Islay. 



Birdsall, Edward. 

Force. Frank A. H. C. '76. 

Hekhuis, Lambertus. H. C. '77. 

(Herr. Louis T. ) 

Kolyn, Matthew. H. C. '77. 

Ma.son. Alfred D. A. C. *77. 

Polhemus. C. H. R. C. '77. 

(Vanderveer, John Q, R. C. '77.) 

Van Doom, Marinus. 

Van Oostenbrugge. G. E. C. H. C. 



Edmondsoii, J. 

Enos, C. A. Ham. C. '74 ; U. S. '78. 

McLeod, T. B. C. N. J. '70; P. S. '73. 

Matzke H 

Mitchel'l. S'. S. C. N. J. '61 ; P. S. '64. 

Moore, W. L. R. C. "54 ; P. S. '57. 

Offord, R. M. 

Reed, E. A. Aub. S. '71. 

Schultz, E. 

Sebastian, S. A. (Hindu.) 

Smart, J. G. 

Yasukawa. (Jap.) 

Yoshida. (Jap.) 



1879. 



Anderson. Chs. U. C. '40; Aub. S. '43. 
Billingslev, J. A. Waynesbrg. C. '78 ; Y. 

S. & U. S. '80. 
Coe, E. B. Y. C. '62 ; Y. S. & U. S. '63. 
Clearwater, C. K. C. C. N. Y. '76 ; U. S. '79. 
Dosker, H. E. H. C. '76 ; McCor. S. '79. 
Fitzgerald. T. 
Girtauner. C. 
Kremer. J. 

Lott, L. W. C. N. J. '76 ; U. S. '79. 
M-cCorkle, W. R. 
Minor, A. D. R. C. '76. 
Polhemus, I. H. Wms. C. '75 ; U. S. '79. 
Rex, H. L. 
Young. C. J. 



1880. 



'76. 



Blaetgen. J. Mercersbrg. & Tiffin. 

Brodhead, W. H. 

Brown. T. S. U. C. '44; P. S. '47. 

Brown, W. W. Wms. C. '66 ; U. S. '77. 

Cort. C. Fr. & Marshall C. '60 ; Mers. S. '62. 

Davis, Wesley. Wesleyan Univ. Ct. '68. 

Easton, T. C. Edinburgh Univ. 

Hopkins. F. E. 

King, A. A. 

Lloyd, William. 

Moses, N. (Hijidu.) 

Reiner. J. H. 

Rubinkarn. R. I. 

Smith. Wm. R. C. '63 : N. B. S. •63-'4. 

Thatcher. C. O. U. C. '64; P. S. '67. 

William, Ab. (Hindu.) 



744 



APPENDIX 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



1881-1890. 



Other Ministers. 



Bogardus, Henry J. R. C. '78. 
(Groeneveld, John C. H. C. *78.) 
Harmeling, S. J. H. C. '78. 
Le Fevre, George. R. C. '78. 
Owens, James Henry. R. C. '78. 
(Tears, Egbert. R. C. '78.) 
Vanderveer, L. U. C. '78. 
Vaughan, Jonah. R. C. '78. 
Williamson, Wm. H. R. C. '73. 



Andrus, John C. Col. U. '73. 
Arnolt, William M. S. "G. 
De Bey. Dirk John. H. C. '79. 
Gebhard, John G. H. C. '78. 
Hageman, Herman, Jr. R. C. '79. 
Hageman, Peter K. R. C. '79. 
Kimura, Kumage. H. C. '79. 
Niemeyer, George. H. C. '79. 
Oghimi, Motoitero. (Japanese.) H. C. 
Rockefeller, DeW. G. R. C. '79. 
Scarlett, John. R. C. '79. 
Schenck, Cornelius. R. C. '79. 
Scudder. E. C, Jr. R. C. '79. 
Scudder, William H. R. C. '78. 
Shafer. Theodore. R. C. '79. 
Stilhvell, John L. R. C. '79. 
Van Dyck, Alex. S. C. C. N. Y. '79. 
Venema, Ame. H. C. '79. 
Wormser, William. C. U. I. '79. 



Baas, William G. H. C. '80. 
(Cameron, Herbert H. R. C. '80.) 
Demarest, Nathan H. R. C. '80. 
Gowen, Isaac W. R. C. '79. 
Huizinga, Abel H. H. C. '80. 
Perlee. Clarence M. R. C. '80. 
Scarlett, George W. R. C. '80. 
See, Edwin F. R. C. '80. 
Staehli, John. 

Stegeman, Abraham. H. C. '80. 
Vaughan, William. R. C. '80. 



1881. 

Anderson, Wm. R. C. '75 ; P. S. '79. 

Blair, H. P. 

Evans, C. P. 

French, H. 

Goebel, L. Bloomfield S. '80 ; U. S. '81. 

Groneveld, J. C. 

Hill, E. 

Hutton, A. J. Wms. C. '66 ; Aub. S. '71. 

Klein, C. T. A. 

Knox, W. W. P. U. '62; P. S. '66. 

Kyle, J. R. Miami U. '59 ; Xenia Seni. '63. 

Moelling, P. A. 

Nickerson, N. F. U. S. '74. 

Schmolz, C. 

Schwartzbach, C. H. 

Smyth, G. H. xM. Y. U. '62 ; Allegh. S. & 

P. S. '64. 
Terry, Roderick. Y. C. '70; And. S. '72; 

U. S. -75. 
Thomas, M. Wms. C. '67 ; U. S. '69. 
Waters. D. Toronto Univ. '59 ; Sem. of 

U. P. Ch. 

1882. 

Cruikshanks, Jas. Y. C. "54 ; And. S. '46. 
Mills, B. Fay. 
Parsons, Andrew. 
Read, E. G. C. N. J. 
Rank, E. J. C. C. '79 ; U. S. 
Van den Hook, J. H. 

Wessels, P. A. Wms. C. ; Drew Sem. '78 ; 
Aub. S. '79. 
'79. Westing, Evert. H. Acd. U. P. S. 



'61 ; P. S. '65. 



1883. 



Andreae, G. N. W. Col. '76 ; Eden. Sem. '72. 
Borden, E. W. 

Boyd, J. C. (2d) C. N. J. '55. 
Chapman, J. W. Lake For. Uni. '79 ; Lane 

Sem. '82. 
Curtis, M. M. Ham. C. '80 ; U. S. '83. 
De Jonge, J. B. H. C. '80; McCor. S. '83. 
Ford, Wm. H. (2d). U. S. 73. 
Dickson, J. M. Dart. C. '53 ; U. S. '57. 
Ganss, J. J. Bassel, '79 ; Karl's Schule, '80. 
Hagar, A. H. Bloomfield Sem. '83. 
Huyzer, G. 

Kavanagh. J. F. E. P. S. '83. 
King, J. F. C. C. N. Y. '79 ; U. S. '83. 
Lubach, W. 
McGibbon. A. W. 
McGiffert, W. H. Aub. S. '58. 
Masillamani, A. (Hindu.) 
Meury, E. A. Bloomfield Acad. & Sem. '83. 
Murgatroyd. E. R. C. C. N. Y. '79 ; U. S. '83. 
Noyes, S. D. Am. C. '66. 
Shook. H H. 
(Strail. H. A.) 
Smit. John 
Terbourp, J. E. 
Van Dyck, E. D. N. Y. U. '80 ; U. S. '83. 



APPENDIX 



745 



-Veir Hnta.swick Seminary. 



1884. 



Other Minifitei's. 



Conklin. Marion T. R. C. '81. 
Oane, Josiah E. R. C. "81. 
Davis, Joseph P. U. C. '81. 
Demarest, Alfred H. R. C. '79. 
Dutton, Charles S. H. C. '81. 
Cofbel. Gustavus. A. T. '81. 
( Huiidhausen, Ernest.) 
Kommers, Tinis John. H. C. '81. 
l^oucks. Joel. R. C. '81. 
Preyer. D. Charles. A. G. '79. 
Ruhl. Frederick W. R. C. '70-'72. 
Schmitz. William, Jr. R. C. '81. 
Smitz. Bastian. H. C. '81. 
Stephen.s, George H. R. C. '81. 
Taylor, Livingston L. R. C. '81. 
rndervvood, H. G. U. N. Y. '81. 
Verbrycke. J. R. R. C. '81. 
Wyckoff. Garret, Jr. R. C. '81. 



Bailey, J. W. 

Guenther, J. C. Bloomfield C. '76 ; Sem. '79. 

(lUlick, Jac. 

Haines. F. S. C. N. J. '78 ; U. S. '83. 

Johnson, A. C. N. J. '72 ; P. S. & U. S. '75. 

Joldersma. R. H. H. C. '81 ; McCor. Sem. '84. 

Manchee, Wm. Hackney C. & Sem., Lon- 
don, Eng. 

Martin, D. H. C. C. N. Y. '81; U. S. '84. 

Riggs, J. F. C. N. J. '72 ; U. S. '78. 

Schmidt. N. 

Unglaub. H. Bloomfleld Acad. '80 ; BI. 
Sem. '8,3. 

Van Houte, Jacob. 

Veenker, G. Miss. House. Franklin. Wis. 
'82. 



1885. 



Beekman. Theo. A. R. C. '82. 
Cranmer. William S. R. C. '82. 
Kagg. John G. H. C. '81. 
i;ill(-.«pie. John H. R. C. '82. 
.Moffett. Edwin O. R. C. '82. 
-Mulford, H. Du Bois. R. C. '81. 
Pitcher. Philip W. R. C. '82. 
.Skellenger. D. AV. R. C. '82. 



Beekman, A. C. N. J. U. S. (2d.) 

Darrach, W. B. 

De Bruyn, J. A. 

De Mont, W. A. R. C. 80 ; U. S. '85. 

Erhardt, F. C. Bloomfleld C. '79 ; Sem. '82. 

Janssen, R. 

Jones, C. H. N. Y. U. 82 ; U. S. '85. 

Kern, S. 

Koechli. F. 

Long, E. C. Cumb. Univ. '79 : Cumb. Sem. 

'81 ; U. S. '82. 
Millett, S. 

Murray, C. P. C. N. J. '72 ; P. S. '75. 
Scarlet, J. H. (2d.) R. C. '79 ; N. B. S. '82. 
Scudder, L. R.' C. N. J. '82 : Hartford S. 

'85. 
Teller, H. W. R. C. P. S. 
Ti Peng. (Chinese.) 
Whitney, W. W. 
Zwemer, F. J. H. C. '80 ; McCor. S. '85. 



1886. 



Ayltr. Junius C. 
Blekkink. E. John. H. C. '83. 
Brandow. J. Henrv. R. C. '83. 
Chamberlain. W. C. R. C. '82. 
f'ollier. Z. R. C. '83. 
Dyk. Jacob. H. C. '83. 
Laubenheimer. John. R. C. '83. 
Morri.son. John. R. C. '82. 
Oltmans. Albert. H. C. '83. 
Palmer, Robert V. R. C. '83. 
(Scholten. D. H. C. '83.) 
Stapelkamp, Evert W. H. C. '83. 
Williams. David F. 



Bergen, J. T. R. C. '83 ; U. S. '86. 

Henderson, W. J. C. N. J. '70 ; P. S. '73. 

Hill, W. B. Har. C. '79 ; U. S. '86. 

Junor, K. F. Toronto Univ. '69 ; U. S. '73. 

Kittridge, A. E. Wms. C. '54 ; And. S. '59. 

McCullom, E. A. 

Niehoff, J. 

Rankin, J. J. Wms. C. '76 ; U. S. & P. S. '80. 

Schaefer. F. H. C. '83. 

Sewall, A. C. W. C. '67 ; Aub. S. '70. 

Trimmer, J. A. 



Western Seminary. 
.Scholten, D. H. C. '83 : N. B. S. '83-4. 

Neio Brit,nswick Seminary. 
(.\rnolt. Edward M. Johns Hopkins '«3.) Berry. J. R. R. C. '47; N. B. S. '50 (2d.> 



1887. 



Beekman. Peter S. R. C. 
Koyer. Edward J. C. U. I. 
• ■rispfli. Peter. R. C. '84. 
Davis, George. R. C. '84. 
Dickhaut. D. E. R. C. '84. 
Thompson. John A. R. C. 



'84. 
'84. 



'84. 



(Van Krackle. Henry. R. C. '84.) 



Boggis, H. 

Brown, F M. U. C. '60; U. S. '63. 

Bruce. W. P. R. C. '84 ; U. S. '87. 
Diephuis. Jac. Kampen. S. '65. 
Elliker. S. 
Emerick. I. P. Susquehanna Univ. & Theo. 

Dept. 1886. 
Freund, J. W. 



746 



APPENDIX 



Western Seminary. 



Other Ministers. 



De Jonge, G. H. C. '82. 
Hog-enboom, S. 
Hospers, G. H. H. S. '84. 
Ihrman, P. H. S. '82. 



Hinds, H. C. 
Hogeboom, S. M. 
John. C. C. A. L. 
Knox, T. C. C. "82 



U. S. '86. 



Millett, Joseph. Wesleyan Inst. Eng. '72. 

Schaefer, D. Miss. House Coll. Wis. '82. 

Smith, M. U. C. '65; U. S. '67; Lane S. 

Tracey, W. H. Aub. S. '82. 
Van Hetloo, E. 
Zlegler, A. G. 



1888. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Allen, J. M. R. C. '85. 
Boocock. W. H. R. C. '85. 
Demarest, W. H. S. R. C. '83. 
De Vries, J. H. R. C. '81. 
Myaki, Aragi. D. E. S. 

Western Seminary. 

Hekhuis. G. J. H. C. '85. 
(Shuman, Peter.) 
Vanden Berg, A. H. C. '85. 
Wayenberg, P. H. C. ^5. 



Allen, P. A. 

Barnum, F. S. Wesley Univ., Middle- 
town, Conn. '59. 

Baumeister. J. 

Beaver, J. P. Urs. C. '80 ; Aub. S. '83. 

Beyer, A. F. Dub. C. '76 ; Dan. S. '79. 

Brooks, J. W. R. C. '81; U. S. '84. 

Burrows, C. W. 

Chapin. C. B. C. N. J. '76 ; U. S. '80. 

Cobb, H. E. R. C. '84 ; P. S. '88. 

Crousas, J. S. 

Duiker, Roeloff (2d.) 

Dunlap, John. 

Gesman, N. J. 

Gibson, J. R. 

Jones, C. A. Am. C. '85 ; U. S. '88. 

Kinney, C. W. 

Leland, H. D. L. Y. C. '85 ; U. S. '88. 

Lloyd, J. E. C. N. J. '74 ; P. S. '77. 

Macardell, G. E. U. C. ; Alton. Sem. 

Morton, T. Mad. U. '79 ; U. S. '89. 

Norris, J. A. R. C. '82 ; U. S. '85. 

Palmer, F. Ham. C. '81 ; Aub. S. '88. 

Porter, C. F. Ham. C. '84 ; Aub. S. '87. 

Sangree, H. H. Mercersb. C. '80; U. S. '83. 

Schock, J. J. Wesleyan Univ., Ct. '76. 

Thyne, J. B. U. C. '58; United Pres. T. S. 
'61. 



New Brtinswick Seminary. 

Cantine, Jas. U. C. '83. 

Clist. C. L. 

Cotton, G. H. Western Col. Iowa. 

Duiker, W. J. H. C. '86. 

(Ganss, Louis.) 

(Garabed. H. Wooster Uni.) 

(Kruidenier. J. H. C. '86.) 

Lammers, B. W. H. C. '86. 

Phelps. P. T. H. C. '82. 

(Sturges. L. ) 

Tilton, E. N. Y. U. '86. 

Western Seminary. 

Bloemendaal, R. 
Strabbing, A. H. H. C. '80. 

Arcot Seminary, India. 

Eleven received in Junior Class. 



Beaver, J. D. Ursinus C. '80 ; Aub. Sem. 

'83 
Denman, M. A. W. & Jeff. C. '82 ; P. S. '86. 
Dowling, G. T. Ham. C. ; Crozier Sem. 
George, H. W. 

Grant, W. D. Knox Coll. '84 ; U. S. '87. 
Hartig, F. Bloomfield Sem. '79. 
Jacobs, C. W. 
Keerl, J. J. 

Mollenbeck. B. Du Buque S. '70. 
Pool, Wm. Dubuque Sem. '89. 
Root, Oren. Ham. C. '56. 
Rudolph. J. Bloomfield S. '75. 
Schmidt, H. T. 
Sonnema, C. J. 
Swick, M. (2d.) 
Thomas. E. E. Brown Univ. '70 ; Newton 

Th. Inst. '73. 



APPENDIX 



747 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



Other Ministers. 



Andrew, L. C. St. John's Col. 
Furbeck. G. W. U. C. '87. 
(Hallenbeck, E. P.) 
Herman. A. B. R. C. '87. 
Johnston, Wm. Queens Col., Ontario. 
(Nicolai, N.) 

Schwartz, M. J. Berlin Miss. House 'i 
Scudder, F. S. R. C. '85. 
Talmage, G. E. R. C. '86. 
Zwemer, S. M. H. C. '87. 

Westerri Seminary. 

Bouma, P. G. A. 
(Harmling, Henry.) 
Lumkes, J. M. Kampen. 
Van Zanten, J. J. H. C. "80. 

Arcot Seminary. 

No graduates, but thirteen students. 



C. Univ. ; MfCoiinick 



Beattie, Jas. A. Glasgow Univ. '85 ; P. 

S '89 
Daily, W. N.' P. U. C. '84 : Hartford S. '87. 
Ford, H. U. S. '90. 
Farrar, J. McC. N. Westminster C. '75 ; P. 

S '78 
Gordon, M. R. 
Haan, E. R. 
Hill, A. 

John, E. (Hindu.) 
Jongeneel, Jas. 
Legget, Lester G. 

Sem. 

Peter, J. (Hindu.) 
Peter, M. (Hitulu.) 

Peters, M. C. F. & M. C, Held. Sem. 
Lazar, I. (Hindu.) 
McCready. R. H. 
Morgan, J. F. Taylor Univ. ; Ch. Bib. In- 

stit. '84. 
Muni, Ab. (Hindu.) 
Palmer. Jas. Wash. & Jeff. 

•90. 
Paramanandam, G. (Hindu.) 
Raji, Jacob. (Hindu.) 
Schoon. S. H. 
Smidt, H. J. 
(Smith. E. E. ) 
Stuart, Wm. Free Ch. Coll.. Halifax '59 : 

Free Ch. Theolog. Hall. Halifax '62. 
Sullivan, A. J. LaF. C. '75 ; U. S. '78. 
Vennema, S. A. From Free Ch., Ref. Ch. 
Wick. R. K. Westm. C. '82 ; U. S. '86. 



C. '87 : U. S. 



1891-1900. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Adams, W. T. E. N. Y. U. '88. 
Beardslee. W. A. R. C. 'tl. 

(Bishop, W. S. R. C. "87.) 
Bombin, J. Univ. Konigsberg, Prussia. 
(Brandow, M. D. R. C. '88.) 
(Burrell. A. C. Bluestone Acad.) 
Chamberlain, L. B. R. C. '86. 
Cunningham. S. R. Temple Coll.. Phil. 
Demarest. S. D. B. R. C. '87. 
Harmeling. H. H. C. '88. 
Ossewaarde, M. H. C. '88. 
(Sharplev. H. G. R. C. '88.) 
Van Westenberg, J. H. C. '88. 
Voorhees. O. M. R. C. '88. 
Wilson. F. S. R. C. '88. 
Winne. J. E. U. C. '88. 
Wyckoff. C. S. R. C. '88. 
Wyckoff, C. E. 



Allen. J. S. Westminster Col. "82: U. S. 

'85. 
Ashley, B. F. 

Beattie. R. H. C. N. J. '85: P. S. 'HI. 
Bruschweiler. Jac. 
Burrell. D. J. Y. C. '67 ; N. W. S. "68 : U. 

S. '70. 
Cole. P. H. U. C. '88 ; U. S. '89. 
Ficken, John. 
French. J. W. 
Harris. D. T. 

John.son. R. P. Wab C. '71 ; Aub S. 75. 
Knox, J. C. U. C. '90 ; Aub. S. & U. S. '91. 
MacQueen. P. C. N. J. '87 ; U. S. 1900. 
Morris, J. N. 
(Olney. E. C.) 
Van Burk, J. Oberlin S. '»1. 



Western Seminary. 

Klooster. F. H. C. '88. 
Lamar, J, H. C. '88. 
Pieters, A. H. C. '87. 
Straks, H. Normal Schl. '75. 



Arcot Seminary. 
No graduates. 



748 



APPENDIX 



New Brunswick Sem inary. 



Other Ministers. 



1892. 



Hurkart, J. J. 

(Clarke, J. E.) 

DeWitt, J. T. E. R. C. '89. 

Hieber, L. R. C. 

Jones, H. T. 

Luckenbill, G. A. 

(Maar, Charles. R. C. '89.) 

Muilenberg. T. W. H. C. '89. 

Seibert. G. G. N. Y. U. '89. 

Stegeman, Wm. H. C. '89. 

Thompson, E. W. R. C. '89. 

Vernol, T. P. Normal Schl., Phil.. Pa. 

'89. 
Winant, AV. R. C. '92. 
Zwemer, P. J. H. C. '88. 

Western Seminary. 

Van Duine. A. M. H. C. '89. 

Arcot Seminary. 

Aiyavu. P. 
Chellam, S. 
Nathaniel, E. M. 
Sautosham, S. 
Shelvam, J. 
Tavamani, E. 
Yesuratnam, J. 



Allen, C. J. LaF. C. '89 ; U. S. '92. 
Birchby, H. G. LaF. C. '81 ; U. S. '84. 
Burrill. G. H. Har. C. '79 ; U. S. '84. 
Clapp, E. Ursinus C. '89; U. S. '90; Ursi- 

nus S. '91. 
Dixon, Jos. 

Ennis, H. W. R. C. '90 ; U. S. '92. 
Giffen, J. U. S. '93. 
Gliddon, A. M. 
Gorby, I. I. 
Hainer, J. A. 

Harsha, W. J. C. N. J. '74 ; McCor. S. '77. 
Hone.s, L. W. 

Hulbert, P. S. Wab. C. '76 ; Aub. S. '79. 
Hunter, D. M. C. C. N. Y. '77 ; U. S. '80. 
Hunter, Jas. C. N. J. '89 ; U. S. '92. 
Hynson, N. D. John Hop. U. '90 ; U. S. '93. 
Ingham, J. A.. Syra. Univ. '86 ; U. S. '92. 
Inglis. T. E. Toronto C. '81; P. S. '84. 
Koster, S. J. Gr. Rapids S. '92. 
Krauscher, F. J. 
Lyman-Wheaton, H. P. 
Maar. Chs. R. C. '89 ; Aub. S. '92. 
McClelland, T. C. N. Y. U. '89 ; U. S. '92. 
Miller, G. H. Bloomfleld Sem. '87. 
Muller, M. Bl. S. '92. 
Schilstra, S. A. Rotterdam Miss. Assoc. 

'90. 
Schlegel, C. Bloomfleld S. '95. 
Schmitz, Wm. (2d.) R. C. '81 ; N. B. S. '84. 
Smith, A. J. 
Vander Kam, P. 
Vetter, G. 
(Wilcox, A. J.) 



New Brunswick Sciiiiiiriri/. 

Dunoombe. A. R. C. 
Flipse. M. H. C. '90. 
Polmsbee, G. J. R. C. '90. 
Hogan, O. J. 
Hospers, H. H. 'C. '90. 
Jacobs, W. M. C. 
(Kato. Satori. ) 

(Morton. T. Madison Univ. '79.) 
(Peeke, H. V. S. H. C. '87.) 
(Peterson, C. B. S. T. ) 
(Spaulding, A. R. C. '90.) 
Sperling. Is. R. C. '90. 
(Tompkins, W. B. R. C. '88.) 
Van Arsdale. E. B. R. C. '90. 
Van Kampen, Isaac. H. C. '90. 
Van Orden. J. S. R. C. '90. 
Van Zee. C. W. R. C. '90. 
Ward. W. D. R. C. '90. 
(Young. A. G.) 

Western Seminary. 

Menning. S. J. H. C. 
Pietenpol. H. J. H. C. '90. 
Siegers, P. Middleburg Gvm. '84. 



Arcot Seminary. 



•Tatinayakam, N. 
Vedanaykam. S. 



(Died '92.) 



S. 1893. 

Miss. House. 
Sem. '90. 



Col. 



Adam, J. D. Ed. Univ. '90. 

Barnv. W. F. 

Bates. W. H. Ham. C. '65 ; Aub. S. '68. 

Bollenbacher, J. 

Bruins. W. H. H. C. '90 ; McCor. S. '93, 

Chapin. C. B. (2d.) C. N. J. '76; U. S. 
'77-'80. 

Conant. C. A. U. C. '60; Bangor S. & 
Aub. S. '63. 

Fieck. J. 

(^Juenther. A. 

Gulick. N. J. 

Haken. G. 

Hock, F. W. U. 

Huenemann, Jac. 

Franklin, Wis. '87 

Jensen, J. H. 

.Johnson, T. C. 

Krueger. H. T. Dubq. S. '93. 

Laidlaw, W. Toronto Univ. '81 

Lee. T. I. Y. C. ; Y. S 

Lowe, T. O. Farmers Coll., Cincinnati, O. 

Martyn. F. F. C. C. '91; U. S. '92; Di- 
vinity Sch.. Chicago '93. 

Mershon, A. L. C. N. J. '87 ; P. S. '92. 

Mills. A. W. 

Mollema. Bernard. 

Muller, M. 

Pea.se. C. B. F. 

Peeke. H. V. S. H. C. '87; N. B. S. '92; 
Aub. S. '93. 

Rogers. J. A. Syr. Univ. '91; Aub. S. '94. 

Selden. E. G. Y. C. '70 ; Aub. S. '73. 

Sherwood. N. M. N. B. S. '61-2 ; U. S. '64. 
(2d.) 

Whittaker, C. H. 



P. S. '84. 



APPENDIX 



"40 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



Other Ministers. 



Betten. D. L. H. C. "90 ; Mich. Univ. '91. 

Chickering. E. O. R. C. '91. 

Durvee. Ab. R. C. '89-'91. 

Ha.sbrouck, H. C. R. C. '91 

Hojfan, J S. R. C. '91. 

Hosan. R. R. C. '91. 

Hopper, A. W. R. C. '91. 

(Kelly, W. H. Ham. C. '91.) 

Lockwood, H. R. C. '91. 

Mahon, A. F. R. C. '90. 

Palmer, C. L. R. C. '90. 

Raven, J. H. R. C. '91. 

Roberts, H. B. R. C. '91. 

Searle, E. V. V. R. C. '91. 

Strong, W. V. D. R. C. '91. 

Weste7-n Seminary. 

Sietsema, J. H. C. '91. 
Winter, J. P. H. C. '91. 



Arcot Seminary. 



No graduates. 



N. J. '77 ; P. S. '80. 
Glasgow Univ. '89 ; 



Xew 



Chre.sten.sen, D. H. Ham. Col. '89 ; Aub. 

Sem. '92, frm. Pres. 
Coomb.s. W. 
Douw.stra, H. 

Frazer. A. D. P. V. S. '94. 
Franzen. L. H. 

Greene. E. AV. U. C. '82 : Hartford S. "85. 
Hauser, G. 
Heines, C. 
Hodson, J. M. 
Hume, J. C. C. 
Lipes, H. H. 
Mackay, D. S. 

College, Edinburgh. 
Niemeyer, G. 

Niles. Ed. Wms. C. '91 ; U. S. '94. 
Oakes, C. A. La F. C. '91 ; U. S. '93. 
Poppen. Jac. H. C. '82 ; P. S. '93. 
Prentice. S. Am. C. '91; U. S. '94. 
Ralston, E. S. Lane Sem. 1886. 
Rust, E. C. 
Schenck, I. V. W. Westminster C. '64 ; 

P. S. '67. 
Spaulding, A. R. C. '90 ; U. S. '93. 
Teichrieb, H. 
Van den Bosoh. T. M. 
Worrall. H. R. L. R. C. "84 ; Dartmouth 

Med. Col. '93. 
Wright. F. H. {Indian.) U. C. '82; U. S. 

'85. 



1895. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Ackert, W. R. R. C. '92. 

Baker, W. S. 

Berg, J. F. R. C. '92. 

Conover, G. M. R. C. '92. 

Corwin. C. E. R. C. '92. 

Dyke, C. P. R. C. '92. 

(Hazzard, J. C. R. C. '92.) 

(Lott, I. W. R C. '92.) 

Oi. Mitsuve (Japanese.) R. C. '92. 

rPawline-. H. W. R. C. '92.) 

Shield, F. K. Miss. Col., Sheboygan, 

Wis. 
Thurston, J. A. R. C. 

Western Seminary. 

Dubbink. G. H. H. C. '92. 
Luxen. .1. H. C. '92. 
Oosterhoff, A. H. C. '92. 
Reeverts, A. J. H. C. '92. 
Schilstra, E. S. Gymnasium, Rotter- 
dam. 
Stefff-ns, C. M. H. C. '92. 
Vanderploeg, H. H. C. '92. 
Vander Werf, S. Grand Rapids Th. Sch. 
Veldman, H. J. H. C. '92. 



BayUs, J. O. Norlhwood Col.. Ohio. "57 

Allegh. S. '6(1. 
Bechgcr, A. V. W. 

Bergman.s, J. C. Albion C. : V. S. '.U. 
Bradshaw. A. H. Franklin C. '92 ; P. S. ■9.t. 
Clark, J. L. Lincoln U. '91 ; U. S. 'IM. 
De Beer, J. 
Dragt. J. J. 
Gaston, ,Ios. 
Linton. J. C. 
Kain. P. I. 
Mclntyre. Jos. 
Ossewardie. Jas. 
Poot, J. W. 

Schaul. U. S. Univ. Pa. 
Shelland. W. H. 
Solomon, J. (Hindu.) 
Te Grootenhuis, D. J. Theo. Sem. K;im- 

pen. 
Van Blarcom, G. 



H. C. '90: P. S. '94. 
'92 ; I'. S. "9.5. 



Arcot Seminary. 



Peter, M. 
Sundram, M. 
Wilkins, J. 



750 



APPENDIX 



New Brunswick, Seminary. 



1896. 



Other Ministers. 



(Bender, A. G. ) 

Bird, A. C. Mt. Herman Sch. 

(Carruthers, F. ) 

Clowe, C. W. U. C. '93. 

Cussler, H. C. R. C. '93. 

(Dekker, F. G. Kampen '92.) 

(Jacobs, L. ) 

Kuiper, A. H. C. '93. 

Malven, F. R. C. '93. 

Messier, I. R. C. '93. 

Roop, M. J. Held. Univ., Tiffin, O., '93. 

Studley. H. E. R. C. '93. 

(Van Eyck, W. O. H. C. '93. 

Van Hee, I. J. R. C. '93. 

Von Schlieder, A. H. R. C. "93. 

Willoughby, H. C. 

Western Seminary. 

Huizinga, H. H. C. '93. 
Janssen, W. T. H. C. '93. 
Miedema. W. H. C. '93. 
Schaefer, J. H. C. '93. 
Te Paske, J. W. H. C. 
Wolfius, William. Grand Rapids Th. 
Schl. 



Arcot Setninary. 



Aaron. J. 
Cornelius, S. 
Daniel, J. 
Jacob, S. 
Muni, D. 
Thomas, B. 
Whitehead, C. 



Bailey, H. S. Held. C. '88 ; Held. S. '90. 

Bender, A. G. Bloomfield S. '96. 

Blake, R. W. L. CI. Bergen, Reformi 

1896-1918. 
Davis, L. E. Neb. Univ. ; Adrian C. '77. 
De Jonge, J. L. H. C. '93 ; P. S. '96. 
De ^Vitz, C. F. 
Duckworth, Jos. 

Pjetcher, O. T. Ham. C. '92; U. S. '95. 
Parr, J. McC. C. N. J. '90 ; P. S. '91. 
Heineger, J. 
Hoonte, T. H. 
Hooper, J. F. 
Kingsbury, L. 
Mackensie, T. H. Wms. C. ; Monmouthi 

C, Ind., '88 ; P. S. '91. 
Makely, G. 
Neal, R. 
Peters J D 

Otte, J. A. H. C. & Mich. Univ. 
Park, C. La F. C. '76 ; U. S. '78 ; P. S. '79. 
Scoville, F. C. A. C. '75 ; U. S. '78. 
Smith, Henry. Oakwood S. '81. 
Souri, J. {Hindu.) 
Vander Meulen. J. M. H. C. '91 ; P. S. '95v. 

McCor. S. '96. 
Watson, C. S. 
Wolvius, Wm. Grand Rapids Th. Schl.. 

'93; W. S. '96. 



18»7. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Barny, F. J. R. C. '94. 
Bedford, C. V. W. 
Compton, W. E. R. C. '94. 
Dixon, C. M. R. C. '94. 
Doremus, G. S. M. 
Dykema, K. J. H. C. '94. 
Forbes, J. C. Glasgow Univ. 
Foster, J. W. 
Lansing, R. A. U. C. '94. 
McCullv. B. I. R. C. '94. 
Miller, H. R. C. '94. 
Mohn, O. L. F. R. C. '94. 
(Riggs. C. W. P. C. '86.) 
Scudder, C. J. R. C. '89. 
Scudder. H. J. R. C. '90. 
Scudder, W. T. R. C. '92. 
( Segavva, Asash. ) 
(Smith, A. J.) 

(Thompson, J. H. R. C. '94.) 
(Tompkins. I. S. R. C. '94.) 

Western Seminary. 

Broekstra, M. E. Kampen, Neths. 

De Groot, D. Neths. Gym. 

Jougewaard. C. A. Iowa C. '93. 

Swart, P. H. C. '94. 

Te Selle, J. W. H. C. 

Van Arendonk, A. H. C. 

(Van De Erve. John H. C. '94.) 

Arcot Seminary. 

No graduates. 



Bluhm, C. Col. Univ. '95 ; U. S. '97. 
Clifton, S. T. LaF. C. '94 ; U. S. '98. 
Diekhoff, Wm. Dubuque Sem. 1888, frm.. 

Pres. 
Doyle, D. P. Mt. Hermon Sch. 
Drake, E. A. Lake For. C. '94 ; Aub. S. '97.. 
(Emmons. ) 

Rowland, S. W. A. C. '70; U. S. '73. 
Hutchinson. J. N. 
Israel, G. R. Moravian Sem. '84. 
Junor, D. Toronto Univ. '66. 
Koerlin, E. F. 
Myies, W. G. 
(Reynolds. G.) 
Roe, W. C. 
Samuel, T. (Hindu.) 
Sigafoos, O. L. LaF. C. '94 ; U. S. '97. 
Sterenberg, James. H. C. '93 ; P. S. '96. 
Stone. G. E. Ham. C. '95 ; Aub. S. '98. 
Swart, P. 

Thorman, B. H. Edam. Sem. '95. 
Tyndall, C. H. Wms. C. '82 ; Aub. S. '85i 
Tysse, G. H. C. '94 ; P. S. '97. 
Van der Erve, J. H. C. '95 ; W. S. 95-6 ;: 

P. S. '96-7. 
Van Haagen, H. C. 

Van Kersen, W. J. H. C. '94 ; P. S. '97. 
Webster, W. S. C. C. N. J. '64; P; S, '69; 



APPENDIX 



751 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



Other Ministers. 



1898. 



Allen, H. B. 

(Atwater, J. P. N. Y. U. '95.) 

Bayles. T. F. U. C. '95. 

Dangremond. G. C. H. C. '95. 

Kicken, H. C. Bloomfield Acad. 

Flikkema, G. Univ. Nebraska '95. 

Freer, H. A. 

Gulick, C. W. R. C. '95. 

Heemstra, J. F. H. C. '95. 

( Lawrence, C. L. ) 

Spoer, H. H. Bloomfield Acad. 

Vandermeulen, John. H. C. '95. 

(Van Deusen, J. M. R. C) 

Weber. H. C. R. C. '95. 

Western Seminary. 

l)e Jonge, A. W. Neths. 
Dykhuizeii. H. H. C. '95. 
Knarelsnian, J. H. C. 
Frieling, H. Grand Rapids '95. 
Gruys, Wm. S. C. 
Hoffman. B. H. C. '95. 
Te Grootenhuis, J. H. E. Kampen, 
Neths. 



Boetcher, W. H. J. 

Bruins, H. M. H. C. '95 ; P. S. '98. 

Caton, J. C. P. U. '95 ; Y. S. '98. 

DeHaan, J. 

Klliott, J. H. Chicago Sem. Cong. 

Husted, C. R. W. 

Jackson, W. H. 

Krom, A. E. Miami Uni. '92 ; U. S. '97. 

Kyle, H. Z. U. S. '96. 

Lawrence, C. 1. 

McBride, R. I. 

McNair, Wm. R. C. '81; P. S. '86. 

Park, Chs. Ham. C. '85 ; Allegh. S. 86 ; U. 

S '88 
Potter, R. H. U. C. '95 ; Chicago Sem. '98. 
Rauscher, J. C. U. S. '98. 
Rogers, Robt. 
Scholz, Chs. 

Seeley, F. B. Mid. C. Vt. '93 ; U. S. '96. 
Steffens, N. M. (2d.) Ed. in Holland. 
Stout, J. C. R. C. '91; P. S. '97. 
Street, W. D. C. U. '95 ; U. S. '98. 
Wacker. G. G. Bloomfield S. '98. 
Wood, C. T. 
Woolsey, A. B. 



Arcot Seminary. 



David, J. I. 
.John. Jos. 
Thomas, S. 
Timothy, J. P. 



A'£'m; Br^instvick Seminary. 



1899. 



Brink, H. W. R. C. '96. 

Conger, \V. R. C. '96. 

Faber, J. P. Bloomfield Acad. 

(Janeway, G. J. R. C. '94.) 

Lehman, F. V. W. H. C. & Ham. C. 

Mallery. C. G. R. C. '96. 

Meeker, E. J. R. C. '96. 

(Miller. C. S. ) 

Myt rs, C. M. N. Y. U. '96. 

Randolph. E. T. F. R. C. '96. 

Ranney. W. A. R. C. "96. 

Ruigh. D. C. H. C. '96. 

SchMUcker, G. Bloomfield Acad. '96. 

(Si)aan, W. C. Iowa Col. '96.) 

(Tilton, F. K. R. C. '96.) 

Vandeburg, S. 

\'oorhees. J. B. R. C. '96. 

Western Seminary. 



(Diniiient, E. D. H. C. 
Kelder, E. H. C. '96. 
Kots. J. W. H. C. 
Lubbers, F. H. C. '96. 
Theilken, J. G. H. C. 



'96.) 



Arcot Seminary. 



Bailev, J. P. 
Bedford, Ed. 
Isaac. A. 
Kay. John. 
I^azarus, D. 



Baker, F. P. (2d) 

Brown, J. A. New Windsor C. Med. '93 ; 

P. S. '96. 
Connor, W. W. C. N. J. '85 ; Allegh. S. '99. 
Dyke. J. (2d.) H. C. '83; N. B. S. '86. 
Florence, E. W. 
Laubach. W. 

Muller, F. Bloomfield Acad. & Sem. '96. 
Pershing. O. B. U. C. '97 ; Aub. S. 1900. 
Van Gieson. D. E. 
Wiersum, H. J. H. C. '96 ; P. S. '99. 



752 



APPENDIX 



Netv Briivfiwick Setninary. 



Other Ministers. 



1900. 



< Brown, E. R. ) 
Bruce, Peter. 
Case, C. P. R. C. '97. 
Ferwerda, F. H. C. '97. 
(CJableman, F. ) 

MacMillan, H. Cedarville C. '97. 
Meyer, A. J. R. C. '97. 
Moerdyk, J. E. H. C. '97. 
Parker. A. A. F. 
(Pershing, O. B. U. C. '97.) 
Rozendal, T. H. C. '97. 
Sciple. C. M. La F. C. '97. 
Seibert. F. A. R. C. '97. 
Strohauer, P. J. U. C. '97. 
(Vander Meulen. Jacob. H. C. '97.) 
Walter. A. J. R. C. '97. 
Warnshuis, A. L. H. C. '97. 
Watermuelder, G. H. C. '97. 

Western Seminary. 

Aeilts, E. H. C. 
Boer, N. H. C. '97. 
Brummel, Jack. H. C. '97. 
Cook. G. E. H. C. 
De Jonge, B. Neths. 
De Jongh. J. H. C. '97. 
Dykstra, B. D. H. C. '96r 
Huizenga, G. J. H. C. '96. 
(Jonker, H. L. H. C. '97.) 
Hooiker, G. H. C. '97. 
Rozendal, A. H. C. '97. 
Schuurmans, H. P. H. C. '97. 
Vandermeulen. Jac. H. C. '97. 

Arcot Se)ninary, India. 

Asirvatham, Jos. I 

Joshua, M. 
Kadivelu, P. 
Lyakkam. C. 



Addy, J. G. P. S. '97. 

Dobbs, J. F. La F. C. '97; U. S. 1900. 

Dougall, A. U. C. '93 ; P. S. '95. 

Ellsworth, J. S. La F. C. ; U. S. "83. 

Hamlin, H. F. La F. C. '94 ; U. S. '97. 

Leggett. L. 

Lansdale, J. T. Baltimore C. '86 ; Drew 

Sem. 1891. 
Mellen, H. M. 
Miller, S. D. 

Ossewardie, John. H. C. '97 ; P. S. 1900. 
Ratzell, J. P. 

Stinson, W. C. Bucknell U. '86 ; P. S. '89. 
Stoehner, F. 
Troost, E. 
Vance, J. I. Kings C. (Tenn.) '83; Union 

S. Va. '86. 
Wiley, E. C. Wms. C. '81 ; Aub. S. '89. 
Zelie, J. S. Wms. C. '87 ; Y. S. '90. 



1901-1910. 



1901. 



Neiv Brunswick Seminary. 

Benjamin, C. F. R. C. '98. 

Black, John. R. C. '98. 

Bosch, F. S. C. Bloomfield Acad. 

ChefE. P. P. 

Dawson, E. R. C. '98. 

Decker, F. R. C. '98. 

De Graff, G. D. L. 

Furbeck. H. R. U. C. '97. 

Hunter, George. Glasgow Univ. 

Meengs, J. G. H. C. '98. 

Meury, E. G. W. R. C. '98. 

Mulder, T. H. C. '98. 

Van Beverhoudt, O. 

Western Seminary. 

Banninga, J. J. H. C. '98. 

Klerk. Ab. H. C. '98. 

Kuyper, Cor. H. C. '98. 

Vander Werf, Ant. Ch. R. Sem. '95. 

Winter, J. E. H. C. '98. 



Beale, J. G. La F. C. '93 ; U. S. '97. 

(Den Hollander, Ab. ) 

Fortuin. F. Ut. Univ. '78. 

Grant, J. E. 

Herge, H. J. Bloomfield S. 1901. 

Laufer. C. W. 

Offord. R. M. (2d.) 

Pershing, O. E. 

Sauerbrunn, L. F. Bloomfield '97 ; P. S. 

1900. 
Shepard. R. L. 

Street, W. D. C. U. '95 ; U. S. '98. 
Swain, J. R. P. U. '94 ; P. S. 1901. 
Van den Burg, L. 

Van Ess. Jacob. H. C. '98; P. S. '01. 
Voeglin. C. F. N. Bloomfield Sem. 1901. 



APPENDIX 



753 



Arcot Seniiyiary. 

No graduates. 

In 1902 the Classis of Arcot was dis- 
missed from the Reformed Church to 
join the South India United Church, 
the Arcot Seminary remained under the 
care of the Reformed Church, but its 
graduates no longer enter the Reformed 
Ministry. Hence after 1902 their names 
are omitted. 



Other Ministers. 



1902. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Courtney. R. W. R. C. '99. 

Dan-rremond. A. C. V. H. C. '99. 

Krler. .John. 

Francisco. W. P. R. C '99. 

Hart. W. R. R. C. '99. 

(.Joseph. O. L. Roval Coll. Ceylon '89.) 

Martin. J. McC. R. C. '99. 

Slu-ter. H. H. C. '99. 

Weidner. D. C. R. C. '99. 



Western Seminary. 

Rrnak. P. H. C. '99. 

CKui;;enpa. J. E. H. C. '99.) 

Man=en. F. B. H. C. '99. 

Marsilie. P. J. H. C. '99. 

Reeverts, F. H. C. '99. 

S"biTiner. H. H. C. '99. 

fSlu-ter. H. H. C. '99.) 

Te Kolste. G. H. C. '99. 

Vin Heuvelen. B H. C. '99., 

(Van Sweden, M. Free Univ. Amsterdam.) 

' Verwav. ) 

"Wiersma. P. H. C. '99. 



Allen. Arthur H.. from Pres. 

Aopal. John B.. from Pres. 

(Brown, Claude.) 

Christ, Jacob, Mission House C. and S. 

'84. from Ref Ch. U. S. 
Churchman, A. B. U. T. S. '02. from Pres. 
Cornish, Floyd. U. T. S. '94. from Pres. 
Cutler. F. W. R. C. '83 ; U. T. S. '86, from 

Pres. 
Gates. Wm. B. A. C. '97 : U. S. '02. 
Hoyt. J. W. 
(Jacobs. F. H.) 
(Krause. Carl.) 
Nickse. Louis. 
Rothenberger. I. 

Sem. '85. 

Schumacher. G. Bl. Sem. '88, from Pres. 
Shipherd. T. M.. from Pres. 
Stofflet, J. P., from Pres. 
Van Ess. John. H. C. '99 ; P. S. '02. 
Williamson, J. F. L. F. C. '78 : U. S. '81. 

from Pres. 



Heid. Col. '83 ; Heid. 



New Brnnstvirk Seminary. 

Bropk. A T H. C. 1900. 
Bro-n. W. D. U. C. 1900. 
Ec'-er.son. F R C 1900. 
'Gardner. J. CPU 1900 
Grul J. D. Valnar'iisn Coll. 1900. 
Hondelink. G. H. C 1900. 
Lptr-prs L T.. H C. 1900. 
<Mpfir-\, T K. TTr«inii« '92 ) 
Purdy, M. S. R. C. 1900. 
Tanis. H. Maryville Coll. 

Western Seminary. 

Beardslee. J. W. H. C. '98. 
Boo* H. P. H. C. '1900. 
De Young, Ab. H. C. 1900. 
Hupneman. H. H C 1900. 
Nettinga. S C. H. C. 1900. 
Riepma, S. F. H. C. 1900. 
v«?traks. J. H. H. C. 1900. 
Van Zante. A. B. H. C. 1900. 



(Bailey. E. D. Cong.) 

Barnv. Wm. F. from Cong. (2d.) 

Duck. E. M. Gettysburg C. '97 : U. S. '01, 

from Cone. 
<^rant. J. W., from Cong. 
Ivpv, R.. from Pres. 
(John.son, R. B ) 
Kershaw. W. H.. from Cong. 
McClinchie. Uriah. N. Y. Univ. ; U. S. 

•or?. 
Mitchell. C. B., from Cong. 
Muller. Matthew (2d.) Bl. Sem. '92. from 

Pres. 
Nance. T. A., from A. M. E. Ch. 
Oswald. Christian. Bl. S. '98, from Ref. 

Ch. U. S. 
(Sansen. John R. U. C. '65; P. S. '68; 

Pres. 
Siemsen. D. Mission House C. '95, from 

Ref. Ch. U. S. 
Simanton. T. M. L. F. C. '96; P. S. '99. 

from Pres. 
Spann, M. C. 
Steffe'^« N. M. (3d.) Theo. Sc, Kampen. 

Ho' 
T>-ndall. S. G. 
Ziegler. L. Mission House C. and S. '73. 

from Ch. Ref. Ch. 



754 



APPENDIX 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



Other Ministers. 



1004 



Brokaw, Arthur Perlee. R. C. 1900. 
(Campbell, M. V. R. C. 1900. 
(Christmas, J. C. H.) 
Gulick, George W. R. C. '01. 
Kalemjian, Mugerdich Nerses. 
Korteling, George. H. C. '01. 
Ranson, Alonzo A. R. C. '01. 
Sahler, Wm. L. L. F. C. '01. 
Simpson, Wm. E. R. C. '01. 
Tulp Aika P. 

Van 'Woert, Henry S. R. C. '01. 
Vyverberg, Henry J. R. C. '01. 
White, Ben. F. R. C. 

Western Seminary. 

Beckering, Wm. Manchester Col. '01. 
(De Jong, Peter. Univ. Chicago '02.) 
Denekas, Wolbert. H. C. '01. 
Douwstra, George H. Central Col. '01. 
Douwstra, Richard D. Central Col. '01. 
Kuizenga, John E. H. C. '99. 
Steunenberg, John. H. C. '01. 
Vander Heide, James. H. C. '01. 
Wayer, James. H. C. '01. 



Berg, I. H. L. F. C. '01 ; Hart. Seni. 04. 
Bohler, Jacob. Mission House C. '88 ; 

Sem. '91, from Ref. Ch. U. S. 
Buckle, George, from Pres. 
Campbell, J. I., from Pres. 
Carter, R. E. U. T. S. 
DeJong, Peter C. 
Dyke, J. (3d.) H. C. '83; N. B. S. '86, 

from Pre.s. 
Eggleston, G. H.. from Pres. 
Porbush, Wni. B. 
Froschl, John. 
Holden, L. H. V. C. 95 ; U. S. '98, from 

Cong. 
Lonsdale, Wm. J. Ham. C. '01 ; Aub. S. 

'04, from Pres. 
Lunn, G. R. . from Pres. 
Luther, M. C. 
(Lyle, J. N.) 
McDonald, Wm. J. 
McQueston, Rockwood. 
Mager, Wm. Bl. Acd. and Sem. '01, '04. 
Marsilje, Peter J. (2d.) H. C. '99; W. T. 

S. '02, from Pres. 
Mundhenke, W. R. Dub. C. and S. '79, 

from Pres. 
Peyton, J. P., from Free Will Baptist. 
Robertson, James L. Geneva C. '57 ; 

Alleghany S. '59, from Pres. 
Ruliffson. E. J. Boston Evan. Institute 

'95 ; Fenton Normal C. '01, from 

Cong. 
Schulz, H. W. J., from Pres. 
Scudder, E. C. (2d.) R. C. '79; N. B. S. 

'82. 
Spaan, C. H. H. C. '99 ; P. S. 
Troost, Evert. Free Univ. Amsterdam. 

from Ch. of Netherlands. 
Webinga, John, from U. P. Pres. Ch. 
Wightman. J. C. Ulster National C. ; 

Moody's Schools, from Cong. 



'04. 



1905. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Baeder, Frederick N. 
Fisher, Orville E. R. C. '02. 
Foertner, Frederick E. R. C. '02. 
(Hutchings, DeWitt V. P. Univ. '01.) 
Maines, Walter S. 

Western Theological Seminary. 

Deelsynder. Cornelius. Northern Illinois 

Col. '01. 
Koster. Martin E. Kalamazoo Col. '02. 
Vanderbeek, John. H. C. '02. 
Van Peursem, John. H. C. '02. 
Wesselink, John. H. C. '01. 



Boughton. C. M. 

Bruins, Berend. H. C. '02 ; P. S. 05. 

Colbert, J. T., from Pres. 

De Pree, H. P. H. C. '02 ; P. S. '05. 

Hamner. J. G. Johns Hopkins '81 : U. S. 

'85. from Pres. 
Hoover, D. F. Gettysburg C. '89 and S. 

'92, from Pres. 
Hutchins, R. G. W. C. '61 ; A. S. '64, from 

Pres. 
Huyler, P. E.. from Pres. 
Jones, J. A. P. C. '00; Aub. S. '03, from 

Pres. 
Meier, Jacob. BI. Acad, and S. '05, from 

Pres. 
Olandt, C. C. Univ., from Pres. 
Payson, G. H. Ham. C. '73 ; U. S. '78. 

from Pres. 
Perkins, Fred. Ham. C. '89 ; P. S. '92. 

from Pres. 
Reynolds. P. T. B. Ref. Episc. Sem., Phil. 

'99. from Ref. Episcopal. 
Sargent, C. C, from Pres 
Straub. John K. B! Acad. '01, and Sem. 

■04. 
Taylor, C. F.. fmrn Pres. 
AVeber, Jacob (2(1.) 



APPENDIX 



755 



.V< ic Brunswick Seminary. 



Other Ministers. 



1906. 



(Bitmett. <iiorge H. R. C. '02.) 

Koeve, Lucas. H. C. '03. 

B:oel<, John Y. Alma Col. "03. 

Decker. Kllsworih Ward. 

Heput. Frank E. 

Fiotalin«, Burton James. R. C. '03. 

.Morris, Ralph C. R. C. '03. 

i'ost. Henry K. Princeton Col. '02. 

Seso, Abdulahad. Am. Col,. Norbin 

Turky 1897. 
V:iii der Mel. Cornelius. H. C. '03. 

Western Seminary 

Hrinkman, Ben. F. 
Crootens, Peter. H. C. '03. 
Karreman, Anthony. H. C. '03. 
Tellman. Henry. H. C. '01. 
Van Lummel. A. J. Utrecht Gymna- 
sium 1891. 



Bridges, T. R., from Pres. 

Brinkman, B. F. W. T. S., 1906, from U. P. 

Ch. 
Bryant, J. B. U. C. '70 ; U. S. '73, from 

Pres. 
Bulness, J. C. Amity Sem., from Baptist. 
Carter, Wm., from Pres. 
Colby, H. E. 
Duffleld, J. R. 

Froschl, John (2d), from Pres. 
Hoffman, J. J. W. R. C. ; C. C. '03 ; U. 

S. '06. 
Hutchinson, S. N. 
Jaeger, J. D. Bl. S. 
Lowden, J. W., from Pres. 
Nichols, T. McB. P. C. '84 ; U. S. '89, 

from Pres. 
Niehaus, H. H. Basel '96, from Ref. Ch. 

U. S. 
Potgeter, H. (Sr. ) Educated in Germany, 

from Pres. 
Simpson, A. H. 
Vander Naald, Henry. H. C. '03 ; P. S. 

'06. 
'SVyckoff, A. C. U. C. '97 ; U. S. '00, from 

Pres. 



1907. 



7\ew Brunswick Setninary. 

Berger. Arthur LeGrand. R. C. '04. 
Cook, Henrv Dyer. R. C. '04. 
Giebel, Wm. H. R. C. '04. 
Hcrge, Charles. Bloomfield Academy 

'04. 
Honegger, Henry. R. C. 
Kruizenga. Evert R. H. C. '04. 
Leiss, Stillman R. Bloomfield Academy. 
Miller, John Charles. R. C. '04. 
(Shaw, James E., Dickinson Col. '07.) 

Western Semi7iary. 

Brouwer. Jacob G. H. C. '04. 
Ouven, Matthias J. H. C. '04. 
Hoekjc, Willis G. H. C. '04. 
Hollcbrands. James J. Central Univ. 

la. '04. 
Steketee, John B. H. C. 1898. 
Van Zomeren. John. H. C. '04. 
Wubbona. Albert. H. C. '04. 



Bender. A. P. (2.) Bl. Acad '93 and Sem. 

'96, from Ref. Ch. U. S. 
Bruins, H. M. (2d.) H. C. '95; P. S. '98. 

from Pres. 
Condit, C. B. P. C. '95 : P. S. '07, from 

Pres. 
Corwin, C. E. (2d.) R. C. '92; N. B. S. 

95. from Pres. 
Giles. W. W. C. C. N. V. '81; U. S. '85. 

from Baptist. 
Harper. R. A. Washbuin C. Chicago T. 

Sem., from Cong. 
Kitten, James S. Al. Sem. '97. 
(Lyon, A. P.) 
Maddaus. Oscar. Brown t'liiv 

Pres. 
Miller. Wm. J. H. 
Parker. A. F. (2d.) N. B. S 

Pres. 
Saure. E. E. 

Schoerk, G. .1.. from Pres. 
(Shephard, R. ) 
Tietema, John H. Mc.\l. C. 

Pres. 
Voskuil. H. J. McAl. C. '04 ; Ch. R. S. and 

P. S. '07. from Ch. Ref. Ch. 



07, from 
00, from 



"99. from 



i«os. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Blocker, Simon. R. C. '05. 
Brinckerhoff. James H. R. C. '05. 
(Brock. Thomas S. Wesleyan Univ 

1898.) 
DeHollander, John A. 
(Hageman, George R 

•05.) 
Keator. E. H. 

Morehouse, H. C. R. C. '05. 
Pelgrim, Jacob C. H. C. '05. 
(Roberts. E. W.) 
Verwey, Dangiel G. R. C. '05. 



Uriiv. Mich. '05. 
Columbia Univ. 



Becker, J. C. A. Bl. S. ':•:{. from Pres. 

B iisen. C. H.. from Pres. 

Collins, C. M.. from Pres. 

Day. D. J. P. C. '04 ; Auh. S. '08. from 

Pres. 
T.enington, G. C. 111. C. '92 ; McCor. S. '98, 

from I'res. 
McMillan. J. L. 
McNab. John, from Pres. 
Magill, A. 
Miller, E. W. U. C. '87; Aub. S. '91, from 

Pres. 



756 



APPENDIX 



Western Theological Seminary. 

Bosch. Gerrit. H. C. '05. 
Meengs, Philip G. Moody Bible Insti- 
tute. 
Pennings, Gerrit J. H. C. '05. 
Ruisaard, Martin C. H. C. '05. 
Van Der Schoor, Cornelius. H. C. '05. 



Other Ministers. 

Moment, John C. P. C. '96; Hart. S. 06. 

from Pres. 
Pullan. Fred B. Beloit C. '71 ; Gale S. '75. 

from Cong. 
Rearick, Wm. R. Temple Univ. from M. 

E. Ch. 
Scudder, Lewis W. Omaha Sem. 1896, 

from Pres. 
Siemsen, D. German Univ. Mission House 

C. '95. from Ref. Ch. U. S. 
Sutherland, R. R., from Pres. 
Tevis, John. Utrecht Univ. '75, from Ref. 

Ch. of Netherland. 
Wahl, S. A. Bl. Acad, and S. '03 and '06. 

from Pres. 
Waters. S. A. 
Whitacre. H. W. 
Young, Fred. B. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Barny, Wm. F. Bloomfield Sem. 1893. 

Bolsterle, George S. R. C. 

Bush, Ben. J. H. C. '06. 

Dykema. Anno C. H. C. '06. 

Green, Harold B. R. C. '06. 

(Kain, M. I. R. C. '06.) 

(MacNeill. J. R. R. C. -'Oe.) 

Murphy. J. H. R. C. '06. 

Muste. A. J. H. C. '05. 

Noble. Harry Wm. R. C. '06. 

Ohori. E. A. Wooster Univ. "06. 

Worthington, Wm. A. R. C. 

Western Theological Seminary. 

Muyskens, Arie. la. C. '06. 
Roetman, Zwier. H. C. '05. 
Rottschaefer, Bernard. H. C. '06 
Rottschaefer, Wm. H. C. '05. 
Stegenga. Andrew. H. C. '06. 
Van der Laan, W. P. H. C. '05. 
Vander Meer, Meinhard D. 



(Bailey, Amos J. Cong.) 

Bailey, E. D. (2d.) Cong. 

Calverly. E. E. P. C. '06 ; P. S. '09, from 

Pres, 
Campbell, D. G. 

De Bruine, S. McCorm. S., from Pres. 
Fincher, G. R. 
Hageman. G. R. C. C. '05 ; N. B. S. '05- 

'06 ; Edinburgh Univ. '08. 
Hopf, P. H.. from Pres. 
Lansdale, J. T. (2d.) Baltimore City C. 

'86 ; Drew S. '91. 
Lang. W. G. 

McCurry. D. E., from Pres. 
Meier, J. (2d.) Bl. Acd. '02 and Bl. S. 

'05. from Pres. 
Munroe. J. J., from Pres. 
Mytton. L. V. C. 
Pfanstiehl, A. A. (3d.) H. C. ; H. S., 

from Pres. 
Russman, E. K. Dub. C. and S. '94, from 

Pres. 
Soper, W. P. Ham. C. '04 ; U. S. '07, 

from Pres. 
Waldron, C. E. Wesleyan Univ. '02, from 

M. E. C. 
Wells. C. E. 
Zandstra, Sidney. H. C. "03 ; P. S. '06, 

from Pres. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Appeldoorn. Leonard. Kalamazoo C. '07. 

Ballard. Bruce. R. C. '07. 

(De Young, Ben. H. C. '07.) 

Donovan. George H. 

Fingar, Claudius J. L. F. C. '07. 

Jonker, Philip. H. C. '07. 

Sizoo, J. R. H. C. '07. 

(Stegeman, Mannes A. H. C. '07.) 

Stout. R. A. R. C. '07. 

Van Zanten, J. W. H. C. '07. 

Westervelt, T. R. R. C. 

Western Seminary. 

DeYoung, Ben. H. C. '07. 
Hankamp. George. H. C. '07. 
Mollema. Henry. H. C. '07. 
Muller. Cornelius. H. C. '07. 



Alf, Alfred, from Swedish Evangelical 

Mission. 
Bauer, Christopher. Bl. Acad. '94, and S. 

'9 8. from Pres. 
Baumeister. J. (2d.) 
Baxter, J. H., from Pres. 
(Clements. J. H. Pres.) 
Cook, Seth, from Pres. 
Davis. E. E. 

Fellstrum, A. A., from Pres. 
(Hankamp, Henry.) 
Hulst, G. D. W. C. '06; U. S. '10. 
Ingham. J. A. (2d.) Syra Univ. '86; U. 

S. '92, from Pres. 
Lusty, George. 
McLeod, M. J. Dalhousie Univ. '87 ; P. S. 

'90, from Pres. 
(McLeod. Norman. Pres.) 



APPENDIX 



757 



Western Seminary. 

Pannkuk. Henry. Dubuque C. '07. 
Stegeman, Mannes A. H. C. '07. 
Vander Schaaf. John J. H. C. '08. 
(White, Francis D.) 



Other Ministers. 

Mager, Wm. (2d.) Bl. Acd. '01, and 

Sem. '04, from Pres. 
Many, D. J. Ham. C. '80 ; Aub. and P. S. 

'86, from Pres. 
Muller. G. C. Bl. S. '87, from Pres. 
Pfeiffer, H. N., from Cong. 
Potter, C. J. U. C. '00 ; Hart. S. '04, from 

Cong. 
Smith, T. M. 

Steiner, W. H., from Pres. 
Van Peursen, G. D. H. C. '07 ; P. S. '10. 
Wauchop, W. C. 
Wouters, Alex. Ham. C. '93 ; Aub. S. '97. 

from Pres. 



1911-1920. 



New Brunswick Seni,,tiary. 

DeKraker, J. J. H. C. '08. 
(Hageman, T. A. R. C. '08.) 
MacNeill, Wm. N. R. C. '08. 
Roeder, Charles W. 
(Schmidt. H. H.) 
Van Dyk, John A. H. C. '07. 
(Van Dvke, Douwe.) 
Wilber, Francis E. R. C. '05. 

Western Seminary . 

(Carr. Orlow W.) 

DeKraker. James Josias. H. C. 'OJ 

Douma. John W. H. C. '06. 

Haverkamp, Antohny. H. C. '08. 

(Huizenga, George F. H. C. '08.) 

Kuyper, Hubert. 

Roggen. John Arie. H. C. '07. 

Walvoord, Wm. C. H. C. '08. 



(Axtell, J. D.) 

Benson. C. H. (2d), from Pres. 

Bracker, B., from Pres. 

Brochlos, Albert, from Pres. 

Carter. G. W. Y. C. '92 ; Drew S. '93 

from M. E. Ch. 
Clifford. P. H. Mt. Hermon School ; C. 

U. ; Crozer S. '04. from Baptist. 
Croft, E. O. 
Dassori. Augustino. 
Douma, John W. 
(Dowkontt, G. H.) 
Dyke, J. (4th.) H. C. '83; N. B. S. 

'86. 
Franzen. H. L. (2d), from Cong. 
Hahn, A. F. C. Bl. S. "08, from Pres. 
Hess, Nicholas, from Primitive M. E. 
Leeper, James L. P. C. ; P. S., from 

Pres. 
Lewis,_H. A. 

McEwan, David, from Pres. . 

Schaff, M. Bl. S. '11 
Service, Wm. A., from Pres. 
Snyder, D. W. C. 
Trousdale. O. M. 

Vanden Berge. E., from Ch. Ref. Ch. 
Wallace, A. V. S.. from Pres. 
Watson. R. A. Dalhousie Univ. '07 : Hal- 

ifex S. '10. from Pres. 
Welmer. T. E. H. C. '03 ; P. S. '06. 
Wemple, J. V. U. C. '92 ; U. S. '95. from 

Pres. 



1912. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 



Andreae. M. C. T. R. C. '09. 
Blekkink, Victor John. H. C. '09. 
(Collins, Charle.'! G.) 
Dykstra. John A. H. C. '09. 
Gouwens, Teunis E. H. C. '09. 
(Krisik. A. A. Blom. Sem.) 
Nies. Maurice G. Central C. '09. 
Pleune, Peter H. H. C. '09. 
(Raymond. Andrew V. V. U. C. '08.) 
Ro.senraad, Arthur C. H. C. '07. 
Shafer. Luman. R. C. '09. 
Van Houten. A. J. H. C. '09. ♦ 
Van Strien, David. H. C. '09. 
Veneklasen, James T. H. C. '07. 

Western Seminary. 

DeWitt, Herman. H. C. '09. 
Duven. William. H. C. "08. 
Flikkema. Bernard. H. C. and Oberlin 
Col. '09. 



Ackerly, E. R. 

Beckes, O. F. LeMars C. '02, from Pres. 

Bruns. P. H. LeMars C. '02, from 

United Evangelical Ch. 
(Bruske. A. F. ) 
DeHaai, C, from Pres. 
DuBois, A. A., from Pres. 
Eastman. E. F.. from Pres. 
Ed.-^on, G. C. McAl. C. '99 ; P. S. '02. 

from Pres. 
Ellis, A. M., from Pres. 
Hicks. John D. Ursinus C. and S. '97. 

from Ref. Ch. U. S. 
Ketchem, Wm. W. 
Kramer, George. Dub. C. '96 ; P. S. "99, 

from Pres. 
Leinbach, P. S. F. and M. C. '95 ; U. 

S. '98. from Ref. Ch. in U. S. 
Moncada, P. S. Ragusa, C. '05 : Bible 

Teachers' Training School, N. Y. C. 

'12, from Waldensian Church. 



758 



APPENDIX 



Western Seminary. 

Laman, Arend T. H. C. "09. 

Meeter, John. John Calvin C. '08. 

(Meinder, S. H. J. H. C. '09.) 

Petterssen, HendriU. Mission Sc. Neth. 
'05. 

Potgeter, Herman J. Dubuque C. '09. 

Schut, Henry. H. C. '09. 

Kruys-Voorberge, John P. J. Middle- 
burg Col. Neth. 

Van Westenburg, Isaac. H. C. '09. 

Wolterink, John. H. C. '09. 



Other Ministers. 

Murphy. H. W., from M. E. Ch. 

Muyskens, John. 

Ottinger. J. C. BI. Acd. '08 and S. 11, 

from Pres. 
Sims, N. Li. U. S., from Ch. of I>i.sci])le«. 
Stauffer, M. T. P. C. '10; U. S. '13. 
Steiner, W. H. 
Strong, Wm. V. D. (2d.) R. C. ''M; X. B. 

S. '94, from Cong. 
Suit, E. C. Held. C. '91; Ursinus S. (tS, 

from Ref. Ch. U. S. 
Torrens, W. R., from Pres. 
VanderHeuvel, A. J. Calvin C. '90. from 

Ch. Ref. Ch. 
Weber, A. Univ. of Berlin and Strasburg 

Basel S. '86, from Ref. Ch. U. S. 
Wilkinson, A. J. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

"Boynton, Arthur B. Amherst C. '10. 
(Campbell, Daniel Y.) 
'Conklin, Wm. D. Ham. C. '09. 
DeMeester, Peter. R. C. 
Durfee, Jesse F. R. C. '10. 
Dykema, James. H. C.,'10. 
(Hamory, L S. H. Bl. Sem.) 
■Hansen. R. C. '10. 
Iri.sh, Edward B. Union C. '10. 
(Kiss, Andrew.) 

(Lord, James. Milton Univ. '12.) 
(Maass. Bert Wm.) 
Ryder, Stephen W. Y. C. '09. 
(Smith, Charles W. R. C. ) 
■Stube, Charles P. Ham. C. '10. 
(Ver Hulst, Anthony L. H. C. '10.) 
Vruwink, Henry A. H. C. '10. 
(Ward, Isaac.) 
Warnshuis, John Henry. H. C. '10. 

Western Seminary. 

Douma, Robert W. 

Pasma. Henry K. H. C. '10. 

Reinhart, Harry E. 

KRoest. George. H. C. '09.) 

Te Paske, Arie J. H. C. '10. 

Verburg, James A. '10. 

Vis, Jean A. H. C. '10. 



Bender. A. F. (2d.) Bl. Acd. '9:1 and BI. 

S. '96, from Ref. Ch. U. S. 
Blaschki, H. S.. from Pres. 
Conger, Alex. M. R. C. '10; P. S. lo. 
DeBuhr, Peter. Mission House C, '07 ami 

S. '10, from Ref. Ch. U S. 
Dickens, Wm. H., from Baptist. 
Fisher, J. W. Bl. Acd. and Seni. 

from Pres. 
(Frederick R. M. E. Ch.) 
Hageman, T. A. R. C. '08 

and '10, from Pres. 
(Kelly. Wm. B. ) 
(Powell, Enoch, Baptist.) 
(Prentiss. H. M. ) 
Ray, H. C. 
Ritchie, F. C. 
Schneegas, C. H. 

from Pres. 
See, T. J. 
Simms, J. D. East Texas Normal C. '07 ; 

Los Angelis Bible Institufe, from 

Pres. 
Sinclair, Wm. P. Univ. '04 ; U. S. 

from Pres. 
Stewart, C. H. Manitoba C. '99 and S. 

from Pres. 
Terhune, John A. P. C. '89 ; P. S. '92. 
Vale, R. E. Washington and Tusculum C. 

'09 ; P. S. '12. from Pres. 
Van Vleet, Wm. Educated in Nether- 
lands, from Independent Ref. Ch. 
(Whistler, G. H.) 



•12, 



N. B. S. '08 



Bl. Acd. and S. ''.^3. 



•07, 
•02, 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

T'ro.st, Henry D. R. C. '11. 

Henrichs, John H. Bloomfield Academy 

'11. 
Neander, John. R. C. '11. 
Oggel. Melvin Verne. Univ. Mich. '11. 
(Potter, Francis M. 

■11.) 
(Roest, H. G. H. C. 
Schwitters. E O fT 
(Terwilliger, Floyd B. 
Van Raalte, Albertus 
(Walser, Theodore D. 



R. C. ; Oxford, 

'09.) 
C '11 

Olivet Col. '11.) 
C. Olivet C. ''ll. 

Union C. '10.) 



Bender, A. F. (3d.) Bl. Acd. '93; Bl. S. 

'96, from Ref. Ch. U. S. 
Burggraff, J. J., from Netherlands. 
Chadsev, H. B. U. C. '77; Aub. S. '81, 

from Pres. 
Chambers. S. D., from Pres. 
Dickson, J. E., from Pres. 
Douma. R. W. 
Eliason. H. A. Maryland Sch. for Boys, 

Private Theo. 
Hahn, T. F. M. D. 
Lanseidel, Wm. Mission House "C. and S. 

'03, from Ref. Ch. U. S. 



APPENBIX 



759 



Wefit0rn Srininary. 

(Aiikfi-. H. P. H. C. 10.) 
( BurKK'i'ufE, J. J.) 
Dykstra. Dirk. H. C. '06. 
Heeiustra, Jacob. H. C. '10. 
Hoffman. M. J. H. C. 09. 
Huibregtse, Edward. H. C. '10. 
KreKcl, John H. Oskaloosa C. '10. 
Marcley. Allen F. R. C. '11. 
oldenburger, Teunis. Calvin C. '- 
Stanton, Royal A. R. C. 
W'ynvcen. Ben. J. H. C. 



Other Ministers. 

Legget, L. G. (2d.) McCorm. S. 
Lepeltak. Cor. H. C. ; Omaha S. '99. 
Pompl, R. H. 

Shannon, F. F., from Pres. 
Stovve, W. F. Mt. Hope C. '98 ; Theo. 
Dept. ; Taylor Univ. '01, from Cong. 
Strieker, Wm. 

Vanderkam, P. (2d), from Pres. 
Verburg, James A. 

Walser, T. D. (2d.) U. C. '10; U. S. '14. 
Wicher, John W. H. C. '10; P. S. '14. 



1915. 



Xew Brunswick Seminary. 

Bh.oni. Walter Sax. R. C. '12. 
(Hand. L. L. Univ, Pa. 1891.) 
Hotaling. Henry K. R. C. "12. 
Luidens, Anthony. H. C. '12. 
Prentis.s. Henry M. C. C. N. Y. 
Thomson, James C. R. C. '10. 

Western Seminary. 

Beimink. John E. H. C. '12. 
Brink. John \V. H. C. '12. 
Droppers. Oliver G. H. C. '12. 
Dykstra. John D. Olivet C. '11. 
Furda. Englehart. H. C. 
Meengs, Raymond D. H. C. '11. 
Menning, Gerret. H. C. '11. 
Muilenberg. Hubert S. Grinnell C. '12. 
Van Den Bosch, Thomas G. Calvin C. 

•12. 
(Van Dyk. Frederick J. H. C. '12.) 
Van Zvl, Bart R. H. C. 12. 
Zaiulstra. Frederick. H. C. 12. 



Other Ministers. 



Achtermann, H. Mission House C. and 

S. '97, from Ref. Ch. U. S. 
Armbuster, Christian. Rochester Univ. 

and S. '98, from Baptist. 
Barnes, H. A. 
Blessing, F. F. U. C. '89 ; P. S. '92. 

from Pres. 
Blue. John H., from Pres. 
Bolster, F. E. A. C. '96; U. S. '11, from 

Cong. 
Brownlee, F. L., from Cong. 
Buckingham, M. S. 

Golden, Wm. Syra. Univ. '76 ; M. E. Con- 
ference Course, from M. E. Ch. 
Deck, H. A., from Cong. 
DeLange, T. L. Grand Rapids C. '89 and 

S. '92, from Ch. Ref. Ch. 
Hamner, J. G. (2d.) Johns Hopkins '81; 

U. S. '85, from Pres. 
Kroesche. A. C. Univ. Wis. '08 ; Dub. S. 

'94, from Pres. 
Kroesche, F. H. Dub. C. '91 and S. '94, 

from Pres. 
Lane. Stoddard. A. C. '09 ; Hart. S. 'IS, 

from Cong. 
Lawrence. C. M. 
Lumley, J. A., from Cong. 
Mann, A. I. Moravian C. ; McCorm. S. 

'12, from Pres. 
Merlo, S. S. White Sch. of Bible '15. 
Mould. E. W. K., from Pres. 
Schroeder. P. E. A., from Netherlands. 
Strauss, P. F. F. and M. C. '09 ; U. S. 

'15. 
Varide Werp, J. 
Waugh. A. J. 



Nriv Brunswick Seminary. 

DeMotts, Gerrett. H. C. '13. 
(DenHerder, Marinus J. H. C. '13.) 
DeVoung. Cornelius. H. C. 
Mulder, jsimes. H. C. '12. 
Putnam. J. H. Stowits. R. C. '13. 
Schenck. H. Wf R. C. "13. 
(Scholten, G. B. H. C. '11.) 
Sheffer. Homer Lewis. R. C. '13. 
(Shephard. R. D. U. C. '12.) 
Stevens, Chauncey N. 
Talman. L. A. Cornell Univ. '12. 
Vanderlaan, Eldred C. H. C. '11. 

Western Seminary. 

Bovenkerk, John. 

Colenbrander, Henr.v. H. C. '13. 

Dame, Clarence P. H. C. '13. 

Den Herder, Marinus J. H. C. '13. 



Arthur, James O. 
(Barnard, L. W. ) 
Barnes. O. T. L. F. C. '09 ; U. S. '12, from 

Cong. 
Barnhill. O. P. Central C, Ky., '00 ; P. S. 

'03, from Pres. 
Bosshart, J. G. European Univ. Sem. of 

Ref. Ch., Switzerland, from Rev. 

Ch. U. S. 
Benes, L. H. McCorm. S. '04 ; McAl. C. 

'10, from Pres. 
Boyce, Donald. Lancaster S. '15. 
Curtis, N. R., from Universalist. 
Duddy, F. F. 
Hager, Titus, 
Kirkwood, T. 
Leslie, A. H. 
(McKinty, T. 
Malta, Frank. 



from Ch. Ref. Ch. 
J., from Pres 



W. Pres. ) 



760 



APPENDIX 



Western Seminary. 

De Vries, John M. Mission House '13. 
Hekliuis, Lambertus. H. C. '13. 
Heneveld, George G. H. C. '13. 
Scholten. George B. H. C. '11. 
Van Bronkhorst, Alexander. H. C. '13. 
Vanden Berg, R. J. H. C. '13. 
Vander Woude, Berend T. H. C. '13. 
Waalkes, Albert H. Mission House '13. 



Other Ministers. 

Nietzer, Charles. 

Putnam, James H. S. 

Reese, D. R. Ohio Univ. '01 ; Boston 

Univ. Dept. of Theo. '04, from Pres. 
(Rice, Wm.) 
Sauerbrunn, L. F. (2d.) Bl. S. '97; P. 

S. '00, from Pres. 
Shafer, Theo. (2d.) R. C. '79; N. B. S. 

'82, from Cong. 
Teeuwissen, W. 

Van Dyke, Adrian. Zeeland S. '11. 
Van Pompl, Rudolph. 

Walser, T. D. (3d.) U. C. '10; U. S. '14. 
Warren, U. S. Syra. Univ. '96 ; Y. S. '99. 

from Cong. 
Wilcox, Wm. W. Syra. Univ. and N. Y. 

Univ. '94, from M. E. C. 
Ziegler, Vacslav, from Pres. 



1917. 



New BrunswicK Seminary. 



Adams, Thomas. L. F. C. ; N. Y. Univ. 
(Bilkert, H. A. H. C. '14.) 
Blanchard, Frank. DeWitt. R. C. '14. 
Hallenbeck, Charles A. R. C. '14. 
Kanter, Howard. Bible Teacher's 

Training School '14. 
Mertz, John E. Ursinus. C. '14. 
Moore, George. 
Muste. C. B. H. C. '14. 
(Sichterman, N. S. H. C. '14.) 
(Van Strien, J. J. H. C. '14.) 
Van Vranken, Herbert E. H. C. '14. 

Western Seminary. 

Althuis, John J. H. C. '14. 
Bilkert, Henry A. H. C. '14. 
Bonte, George Wm. H. C. '13. 
Hoffs, Harry. H. C. '14. 
Jacobs, Henry C. H. C. '14. 
Kroodsma, Robert. H. C. '14. 
Poppen, Henry. H. C. '14. 
Stegeman, Henry Van Eyck. H. C. '12. 
Van Strien, John James. H. C. '14. 
Van Wyk, John C. Grinnell C. '12. 
Veenschoten, H. Michael. H. C. '14. 



Augustine, R. H. M. Cleary C. ; Theo. 
Course under direction of Presby- 
tery, from Pres. 

Berg, I. H. (2d.) L. F. C. '01; Hart. S. 
'04, from Cong. 

DeBeer, John A. Col. Univ. ; U. S., fi'om 
Pres. 

Derbyshire, A. J. 

Griglio, Petro, from Pres. 

Hortsch, H. W. Bl. Acd. '87 and S. '90, 
from Pres. 

Jacobellis, E. F. Bible Teachers' Train- 
ing School, N. Y. C. '11. 

LeFevre, D. B. V. R. C. '14; U. S. '17. 

Read, John L. Austin C. '01 and S. '05, 
from Pres. 

Roddy, J. S. P. C. '91; P. S. '94, from 
Pres. 

Seiple, Wm. H., from M. E. Ch. 



1918. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

(Collier, John W. P. Allen Univ. '11.) 

Folensbee, R. C. '15. 

Gosselink, Marion G. H. C. '15. 

Howard, John R. 

Lang with, Frank A. R. C. '15. 

Shield, Frederick Kull. R. C. '15. 

(Stegenga, M. H. C. '15.) 

Todd, Harvey Ira. R. C. '15. 

Van Antwerpen, Andrew E. 

(Virgil, Joseph DeCross. ) 

Western Seminary. 

Bruggers, John H. H. C. '15. 
Cook, Marinus. Amsterdam Col. 1900. 
Duiker, Roelof. 
Potgeter, Lupo. H. C. '14. 
(Prinsen, Klaas. ) 
Stegenga, Minor. H. C. '15. 
Stoppels, Charles A. H. C. '15. 
Ter Keurst, Henry D. H. C. "14 ; Univ. 
111. '15. 



Brandau. J. H. Dub. C. '07 and S. '10, from 

Pres. 
Dushaw, A. P. Redfield C. '01 ; U. S. '04, 

from Pres. 
Emerich, J. R. (2d.) Susquanna Univ. 

and Theo. Dept. '86, from Pres. 
Penn, E. R. Hillsdale C. and S. '04, from 

Baptist. 
Fletcher, O. M. * 

Fry, F. S. Ursinus C. '07; Central S. '10, 

from Ref. Ch. U. S. 
Garland, D. G. 
Heroy, G. M. Mt. Hermon Sch. '01 ; Drew 

S. '13, from M. E. Ch. 
Hinkamp, P. H. C. '07 ; McCorm. S. '14, 

from Pres. 
Huiser, John, 
lorizzo, Gaetano. Bl. S. '16-'17 ; Colgate 

Univ. '18. 
Lyon, D. E., from Pres. 
Mead, P. F. Chicago C. '88 ; Drew S. '91, 

from Pres. 



APPENDIX 



761 



Other Ministers. 

Papa, Joseph M. A. 

Poppen, O. G. Mission House C. '15 ; Ref. 

S. Grundy Centre '18. 
Potter. James H. U. C. '12; Hart. S. 

'15, from Cong. 
Romig, Edgar. F. and M. C. '11; U. S. 

'18. 
Sebestyen, Endre. 

Smith, B. M. Alliance C. '96, from Pres. 
Soper, W. P. (2d.) Ham. C. '04; U. S. 

'07, from Pres. 
Sproul, N. J. Queen Univ. P. C. '91; P. 

S. '03, from Pres. 
(Stewart, D. C. Pres.) 
Wright, R. c:. Penn. C. '95 ; Hartwick S. 

'97, from Pres. 



1919. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Campbell, C. H. C. C. N. Y. '15. 
De Boer, Douwe. H. C. 
Gebhard, John G., Jr. H. C. '16. 
Muller, Erich T. N. Y. Univ. '16. 
Paxson, Alexander T. 
Steininger. George. H. C. '16. 
Van Erden. Paul. 
Zimmerman, Frederick. R. C. 

Western Seminary. 

Bakker, Albert. H. C. '16. 

DeJong, Fred H. H. C. '16. 

DeRoos. Frank. H. C. '16. 

Dolfln. Cornelius. Calvin C. 

Frerichs, John B. Mission House C. '16. 

Koeppe, E. W. H. C. '14. 

Kuite, John. H. C. '16. 

Lubbers, Raymond J. H. C. '14. 

Maasen, Herman. H. C. '16. 

Maatman, Arthur. Western State Nor- 
mal. 

Ter Louw, John S. Central C. '16. 

VanderLinde, Gradus. Central C. '16. 

Van Egmond, Harry. Moody Bible In- 
stitute '16. 



Beltman, H. H. C. '16; P. S. '19. 
Beseigel, W. F. Moravian C. '09 and S- 

'11. from Moravian. 
Bouma. Hassel. Calvin C. '12 ; P. S. '15, 

from Pres. 
Coenen, H. G. Magdelburg '03 ; Germ. T. 

S. '09, from Lutheran. 
(Cross, C. W. Pres.) 
(Davis Lloyd G.) 
Day, D. J. (2d.) P. C. '04; Aub. S. '08, 

from Cong. 
Doughty, J. W. P. C. '87 ; P. S. '90, from 

Pres. 
Drumm. T. P. McGill Univ. '06 ; Montreal 

Pres. Col. '10, from Pres. 
Edwards, Dean. P. C. '06; Aub. S. "12, 

from Pres. 
Febrile, D. N. Technical Institute Bl. S. 

'12. 
Hahn, G. F. Eden C. '10 and S. '13, from 

German Evangelical. 
Leaver, L. L. Academy M. E. Conf. 

Course, from M. -E. Ch. 
McCready, R. H. (2d), from Pres. 
McElwee. Robert, from Pres. 
Nies, Maurice G. (2d.) Central C. '09; 

N. B. S. '12. from Pres. 
Ro-senbohm, M. Bl. S. '09, from Pres. 
Scofield, F. A. Drew S. '13, from Pres. 
(Severance, C. M. Middlebury C. '83; Y. 

S. '90, Cong.) 
Spring. J. C. Mt. Union C. '10; Drew S. 

'13, from M. E. Ch. 
Struvck, John A., from M. E. Ch. 
Terhune, C. A. Univ. of N. Y., M. E. 

Course. 
Vandewag, Mathij, M. D. Utrecht Univ. ; 

Chicago Medical Sch., from Dutch 

Ch., South Africa. 
Wettstein, A. Q., from Pres. 
Wirth, A. E. Bl. Acd. '87 and S. '90. from 

Pres. 



1920. 



New Brunswick Seminary. 

Bloodgood. Charles E. R. C. '17. 
(Booth. Hugh St. Leger. Ham. Col. 

'14.) 
F!ii)se. Martin E. H. C. '16. 
French, Lawrence H. R. C. '17. 
(Hibma, Tiede. H. C. '13.) 
Hook. George C. R. C. 
Hoffman, James E. H. C. '17. 



Braithwaite, J. H. East Keswick. '89 ; 

Headingly '93, from Pres. 
Cramer, H. Dub. C. '08 and S. '11, from 

Pres. 
Dalhoff. H. C. Bl. S. '19. from Pres. 
Harvey, A. L. 
Hemenway. F. W. Syra. Univ. '82 ; M. 

E. Reading Course, from Cong. 



762 



APPENDIX 



New Brunswick Scin'niary. 

(Tan is, J. C. ) 

Van Westenburg, Anthonv. H. C. '16. 

Whisl^r. G. H. R. C. '16'. 

(Winter, A. W. H. C. '17.) 

Wtstern Seini)i<iry. 

Braam, Leonard. 

Heyenga, Walter J. Mission House Co 

1917. 
Hibma, Tiede. H. C. '17. 
Hospers, Henry O. H. C. '16. 
Koop, Eggo. 
(Lubbers. I. J.) 
Wernecke, Herbert H. Mission House 

Col. '17. 
Van Dyke. Henry. H. C. 1917. 
(Van W'-'stenburg, Ar+bony. H. C. '16.) 



Other Ministers. 

Kerschred, H. B. 

Klerekoper, J. Educated in Amsterdam. 

from Pres. 
Kosa, Andrew. Bl. S. '19, from Pres. 
Licht, Wm. Evangelical Lutheran C. '85 

and S. '88, from Lutheran. 
(Livingston, T. ) 

Marcy, S. H. Colgate Univ. '89 ; Ham. T. 
:. S. '92, from Pres. 

Nicholas, J. F. Muhlenberg C.,Y. S., from 

Pres. 
Prochnau, Julius. Moravian C. and S. '10. 

from Pres. 
Robinson, W. L. Salvation Army Sch. '08 ; 

Croze r S. '13, from M. E. Ch. 
Ross, T. M. M. C. '15; Bangor S. '12, 

from Cong. 
(Simmons, F. S. Drew S. '88; M. E. Ch.) 
Van Dyke. F. J. (2d.) H. C. "12: W T 

S. '15. 
Wagner, Paul. Bl. Acd. and S. '19. from 

Baptist. 



1921-1»30. 



New Brunswick Seviinary. 



Sf: 



Burner, Wm. A., Jr. R. 

De Boer. John J. H. C. '15 ; Univ. Mich. 

'16. 
(Del Monaco. A.) 
(Hayne. Paul. Kal. C. '97. Rochester 

Sem. 1900.) 
(Hitzelberg. J. A. R. C. '05.) 
Scholten, Walter A. H. C. '18. 
Searle, Robert W. R. C. '15. 
Voerman. Arthur H. H. C. '18. 

Western Seviinary. 

Burggraaf. James J. H. C. '21. 
(DeVries, T. ) 

Dunnewold. Arba J. H. C. '18. 
Klaaren, John A. H. C. '78. 
(Kuizenga, Eldred C. H. C. '18.) 
Mulder. John R. H. C. '17. 
Stegeman. James E. H. C. '18. 
Timmer, Gerret. H. C. '18. 
Van Lierop, G. Bernard H. Moodv'.s 
Bible Institute '18. 



Bennett. W. L. Queen's Univ. '03 ; P. S. 

'06. from Pres. 
Berkhardt, Andrew. 
Boone, I. Brown Univ. '04 ; Newton Theo. 

Institute '07, from Cong. 
Caliandro. Anthony. Royal Technical 

Sch., Italy ; Bible Teachers' Train- 
ing Sch. N. Y. C. 
Davidson. T. W., from Pres. 
DeJonge, A. W. (2d.) W. T. S. '98, from 

Ch. Ref. Ch. 
Dykema, A. C. (2d.) H. C. '06; N. B. S. 

'09, froin Pres. 
Ferris. Percy R. N. Y. Univ., from Bap- 
tist. 
Gulick, G. W. (2d.) R. C. '01; N. B. S. 

'04, from Pres. 
Haan, G. G. Calvin C. '90 and S. '93. 

from Ch. Ref. Ch. 
Hopkins. J. D. High School, from Pres. 
Irish, E. B. (2d.) U. C. '10; N. B. S. '13. 

from Pres. 
Leonard, Frederick M. Y. C. '99. from 

Baptist. 
McMurray, Norman. Univ. Toronto '17 ; 

Knox C. '20, from Pres. 
Malefyt, S. J. P. Syra Univ. Home Mis- 
sion Training Institute. 
Meeker, E. J. (2d.) R. C. '96; N. B. S. 

'99, from Episcopalian. 
Miller, A. J. Teachers' C, Albany ; Univ. 

Chicago, from Cong. 
Pfanstehl, A. A. (3d.) H. C, H. S., from 

Pres. 
Polk, Thomas M. 
Read, G. O. Ref. Episcopal S. '06. from 

Ref. Episcopal. 
Reeves, John R. Weslevan Univ. '14 ; M. 

E. Course '18. from M. E. Ch. 
Reynolds. K. M. M. E. Reading Course. 

from M. E. Ch. 
Smith, C. B. Corning Acd.. from Bai)tist. 
Thena, Robert. Ursinus C. McCorm. S. 

'18. from Ref. Ch. U. S. 
(Van Deusen. R. ,1. Hardwick Sem. '99 ; 

Lutheran.) 
Van Pernis, G. M.. from Pres. 
(Walter. J. R. P. S. '22.) 



APPENDIX 



763 



Netv Brunawick Stininari/. 



Other MitiistcTs. 



( Applegatc, M. S. R. C. '18.) 

Kishop, Edward H. Princeton L'niv 1896. 

I DeVries, T. Mission House "18.) 

Dirks, l^ilort. Central C. '19. 

DuBois. Anson M. H. C. '18. 

( Kverts. \V. R. Central Col. '17.) 

(Freeman, K. L. ) 

Korteling, R. G. H. C. 'lit. 

.Mcl^ean. Kdwin P. H. C. '18. 

Moore, John S. H. C. '17. 

Robertson. George I. 

Schmidt. .lohunti. Central C. '19. 

S.-hoon. Henri l>>inest. H. C '15. 

Smith. Asahel K. Waldrof. 

N'aii Wagenen, Reller D. R. C. '18. 

M'efitrrn Srminary. 

(/loe, Nicholas. 

Mvert, \Vm. R. Central Col. '17. 
Hakken. Bernard 1). H. C. '20. 
(Korteling, Ralph (J. H. C. '19.) 
Kuizenga, Eldred C. H. C. '18. 
Ijinnemann. Albert. Mission House '19. 
(Maat, G. H. Moodv Institute 'Ifi. ) 
Mulder. Bernie. H. C. '19. 
Ter Borg. John. H. C. "19. 
(Winter. Egbert. H. C. 1901.) 



Dalbergo. Altruro. 

Locke. Richard Karle ; b. Indiana 187": 
DePauw Univ. 1891; I". T. S. 1895': 
ord. by Ong. Council. Central Ch. 
Boston 1891. (Brooklyn. Cuyler 
Chapel 95-9(; : European Travel 96- 
7: Newark, Wyckleffe Ch. '97-1900: 
Philadeli)hia, Ch. of the Redeemer 
1900-o:{: Buffalo. Calvarv 1903-09; 
Rutherford. N. J.. 1909-22) ; Al- 
bany, Madison Ave. Ref. 1922 — . 

(Pohling. D. A.) 

Reynolds. S. C. from Baptist. 

Walz, Einest L., Pres. 



1923. 



Nrir Hi-unswick ^eiiiinary. 

Baker, Peter G. H. C. '20. 

(jiles. Ro.scoe M.. Jr. Univ. Mich. '20. 

Meury, Calvin C. R. C. '20. 

Prins, Tunis W. H. C. '20. 

Sibley. Leonard A. R. C. '30. 

( Souri. Dharma Rajah Daniel. R. C. 

'20.) 
Zwenier, Theodore F. H. C. '16. 

W( stern Srm iiiary. 

(Baker, Peter Garret. H. C. '20.) 
DeVries, Charles. 

Ellerbroek, James D. Central C. '20. 
Lanian, Benjamin. H. C. "21. 
Sehroeder. Carl J. H C. '20. 
AVestmas. Adam J. H. C. '20. 
Wier. n.ga, Cornelius R. H. C. '17. 



1»S4. 



Xew Urnnmvick Seminary. 

Bur\-hardt, Andrew Alois. R. C. '21. 
Clark. Ernest Alexander, Jr. R. C. '21. 
(Porter, Edgar Baxter. Park Col. '20. 
Turner, George William. 
Vander Borgh, William H. H. C. '21. 
Verduin. Maurice John. H. C. '21. 
Wood. George Dewey. R. C. '21. 
(Van Hook, Carlton R. Dickinson C. 
'12.) 

Wr .stern Seminary. 

Baker. Thoma.s. H. C. 
Bogaerd, D. Central C. '21. 
Fikse. Henry. Central C. '21. 
Hager, Harry J. H C. '20. 
Heeran Harrv. H. C '20. 
Hesslink. Ira J. H. C. '21. 
Hierbrink. Bernard D H. C. '21. 
Ihrmaii. Francis P. H. C. '21. 
Lepelt-iK-. Cornelius. Central C. ". fc 
Pyle, William. H. C. '21. 
Strank.s, W. J. H. C. '12, 



Chronological List of Congregations 

OF THE 

Reformed (Dutch) Church in America 



1.- — Under the West India Company* 
and the Church of Holland. 

1628. 
New Amsterdam, Manhattan ( New- 
York ). N. Y. 

Ifi42. 
Fort Orange, Rensselaerwvck, (Al- 
bany), N. Y. 

Ifi54. 
New Amstel (New Castle), Del. 
Amersfoort (Flatlands), N. Y. 
Bushwick, N. Y. 
Gravesend, N. Y. 
Mid wont (Flatbush), N. Y. 

1659. 
Esopus. Kingston, N. Y. 

1660. 
Bergen, N. J. 

Breuckelen, Brooklyn, N. Y. 
Harlem, N. Y. 

Stuyvesant's Bouwerie, JST. Y. 
St. Thomas, W. I. 

1661. 
Staten Island ; station, N. Y. 

1664. — The English Conquest of 
New Netherland. 

2. — Under the Duke of York and the 
Church of Holland. 

1665. 
Staten Island, Fre.«h Kills, N. Y. 
Staten Island, South Side, N. Y. 

1668 
New York City, French Chuch in the 
Port. 

1680. 
Schenectady, N. Y. 

Staten Island, North Side, Port Rich- 
mond. N. Y. 

1682. 
Hackensack, Fr. Rcfd., N. J, 

168.3. 
New Paltz, Fr. Refd., N. Y. 

3. — Under the C7-own of Enoland and 
the Church of Holland. 
1686. 
Hackensack. N. J. 



1688. 
New York City, Marketfleld St., Fr. 

Refd. 
New Rochelle, N. Y., Fr. Refd. 

1693. 
Aquacononck, N. J. 

1694. 
Tappan, N. Y. 

1696, 
Fordham, N. Y. 

1696.— The Dutch Obtain the First 
Church Charter. 

16^7. 
Tarrytown, N. Y. 

1699. 
Freehold, Marlboro, N. J. 
Middletown, Holmdel, N. J. 
Raritan, Somerville, N. J. 

1700. 
Second River, Belleville, N. J. 

1701-10. 

1701. 
Rochester. Ulster Co., N. Y. 

1702. 
Jamaica, N. Y. 

1703. 
Three Mile Run, N. J. 

1707. 
Schagticoke, N. Y. 

1708. 
[Quassaick, Newburgh, N. Y.] 

1710. 
Bensalem, Pa. 

/ East Camp, N. Y. 
Camp, -j -^vggt Camp, N. Y. 
Germantown, Pa. 
Neshaminy. l^a. 

North and South Hampton, Pa. 
Panna. Ponds, N. J. 
Six Mile Run, Franklin Park. X. J. 

1711-30. 

1711. 
Stone Arabia (Ger. ). N. Y. 

1712. 
Kinderhook. N. Y. 



•This Company planted also a number of churches, at an early period, in 
Brazil, as San Salvador, 1625, Itamarca. 1635, Olinda, Recife, etc. This is a 
subject that needs special study. The same Company planted scores of 
churches in South Africa. 



766 



APPENDIX 



1714. 
iUchmond, S. I., N. Y. 

1715. 
Kingsberry (Ger. ), N. Y. 
Rhinebeck (Ger.), N. Y. 

1716. 
Olaverack, N. Y. 
Fishkill, N. Y. 
Poug-hkeepsie, N. Y. 
Red Hook, N. Y., 1st. 

1717. 
New Brunswick, N. J. 

1719. 
Readington, N. J. 

1720. 
Fairfield, N. J. 
Schoharie, N. Y. 

1721-30. 

1722. 
Linlithgo, N. Y. 

1723. 
Herkimer (Ger.), N. Y. 

1724. 
Schraalenberg, N. J. 

W25. . 
Plats. Fort Herkimer, N. Y. 
Paramus, N. J. 

1726. 
Philadelphia (Ger.), Pa. 

1727. 
Sourland, Harlingen, N. J. 

1728. 
Gennantown (Ger.), N. Y. 

1729. 
Courtlandtown, N. Y. 
New York City, Nassau St. Collegiate. 

1730. 
( Foxendorp. ) 
Kaatsbaan, N. Y. 
MIddleburgh. 
Raritaii, N. J., Secession. 
Success, L. I., N. Y. 
( W'ysersdorp. ) 

1731-40. 

1731. 
Newtown. L. I., N Y. 
Rhiiiebeclv. N. Y. 

1732. 
Coxsackie. N. Y. 
T.eeds, Old Catskill. N. Y. 
Montgomery, Orange Co. (Ger.). N. Y. 
Oyster Bay, L. I., N. Y. 
Schoharie, Upper. 

1736. 
Burnetsfleld. N. Y. 
Pompton (Plains), N. J. 

1737. 
Deer Park, Port Jervis. N Y 
Marbletown, N. Y. 
Minisink, N. J. 
Shavangunck, N. Y. 
Smithfield. Pa. 
Walpack, Pa. 



1740. 
Lebanon, N. J. (Ger.). 

1741-50. 

1744. 
St. Croix, W. I. 

1745. 
Warwarsing, Napanoch, N. Y. 

1746. 
Gallatin, Ancram, N. Y. 

174 8 . — Coetus Organ ized^ 

1749. 
Clarkstown, N. Y. 

1750. 
Canajoharie, N. Y. 
Niskayuna, N. Y. 
Stissing, N. Y. 

1751-GO. 

1752. 
Marbletown, 2d, N. Y. 
Montgomery, 2d. N. Y. 
Neshanic. N. J. 
New Paltz, 2d, N. Y. 
Pawagtenog, N. Y. 

1754. — American Classis: Coetus vs^ 
Confercntie. 

1755. 
Totowa, Paterson, N. J. 

1756. 
Hackensack. (2d), N. J. 
Montville. N. J. 
Schodack, N. Y. 
Schraalenberg, (2d), N. J. 

1757. 
Hopewell, N. Y. 

1758. 
Bedminstei'. N. .1. 
Caughnawaga, Fonda, N. Y. 
New Hackensack. N. Y. 
New York City, Ger., in Nassau St. 
Taghkanick, West Copake, N. Y. 

1760. 
Hardwick. N. J. 
Smithfield, N. J. 

1701-70. 

1761. 
Peenpack (Cuddebackville) , N. Y. 

1763. 
Beaverdam, N. Y. 
Bethlehem, N. Y. 

1766. — Charter of Queens (Rutgers) 
College. 

1766. 
Hillsborough. Millstone, N. J. 
Red Hook Landing, N. Y. 

1767. 
Helderbergh, N. Y. 



APPENDIX 



767 



1768. 
Conowago. I"a. 
Hanover, Pa. 
Susquehanna, Pa. 

1769. 
(Move. Dutc-h^ss Co.. N» Y. 
I>over. Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
Hillsdale, N. Y 
New York City, Pulton St. Collegiate. 

1770. 
Albany, (Ger.). N. Y. 
ICiiglish Neighborhood, N. J. 
Kinjjston (Ger.), N. Y. 
Muiiheim, Snell's Bush, N. Y. 
New Hurley, N. Y. 
St. .Johnsville, Palatine, N. Y. 
Saratoga. Schuylerville. N. Y. 
Sr-hoharie, Lower. 



1771-80. 

1771. 
Sharon, N, Y. 

1771. — Union of Coetus and Conferentie. 

4. — Under the Crown of England and 
Semi-Ecclesiastical Independence. 

1771-76. 

1772. 
Indian Castle, N. Y. 

1773. 
Kakiat, West New Hempstead, N. Y. 
Lower Canajoharie, N. Y. 

1774. 
Laiisingburgh, N. Y. * 

1775. . 
Sf|uaiiii)amuck, N. Y. 

1T76. — Political Independence. 
1781-90. 

1782. 

Stillwater, N. J. 

1783. 
.VoiMiian's Kill. N. Y. 

1784. 
Hf>Kht. N. Y. 
Florida. N. Y. 
Saddle River, N. J. 

1784. — Assumption of Complete Eccle- 

.sio.sMVn/ Independence. Church of 

Holland Notified. Election of 

Throlopical Professors. 

1785. 
Raniapo. Mahwah, N. J. 
Salem. New Salem, N. Y. 

1787. 
Durham. Oak Hill, N. Y. 
Greenbush, East Greenbush, N. Y. 
Knowlton. N. ,1. 

1788. 
Clove, Deckertown. N. J. 
Lawyersville, N. Y. 
Upper Red Hook, N. Y 



1789. 
Hardy Co., Va. 
' Sacondaga, Day, N. Y. 
Sinthoick, Stillwater, N. Y. 
Delaware River Missions. 
Sprakers Basin, N. Y. 

17d0. 
Currytown, N. Y. 

1791-1800. 

1791. 
Esopus, Ulster Park, N. Y. 
Jerusalem, N. Y. 
Middletown, N. Y. 
Shokan, N. Y. 
Westtown, N. Y. 

1792. 
Buskirks, N. Y. 
Hyde Park, N. Y. 
Rockaway, N. J. 
Wilkesbarre, Pa. 

1792. — Adoption of the Constitution of 

the Refd. Prot. Dutch Ch. in N. A. ; 

embracing Doctrine, Liturgy 

and Government. 

179.3. 
Coevmans, N. Y. 
Mayfield, N. Y. 
Paistonkill. N. Y. 
Westerlo, N. Y. 
Wynantskill, N. Y. 

1794. 
Chenango, Union, Tioga Co., N. Y. 
Coshington, N. Y. 
Jeniks, N. Y. 
Unadilla, N. Y. 

1795. 
Amsterdam, N, Y. 
Fonda's Bush, N. Y. 

1796. 
Bloomingdale, Ulster Co., N. Y. 
Owasco, N. Y. 
Salt River, Ky. 

1797. 
Angelica. N. Y. 
Charlestown, N. Y. 
Danville, N. Y. 
Glen. N. Y. 
Karr Valley, N. Y. 
Sharon, Pa. 
Tuscarora, Pa. 

1798. 
Andriestown. N. Y. 
Adolphustown. Canada. 
Bay of Quinte. Canada. 
Blenheim, N. Y. 
Columbia. Herkimer Co., N. Y. 
Conradstown, N. Y. 
Duane.sburgh. (1798-1804). 
Elizabothtown. Canada. 
Ernesttown. Canada. 
Fairville, Arcadia. N. Y. 
Frederickstown, Canada. 
Henderson. N. Y. 
Matilda, Canada. 
Middletown, Mapleton, N. Y. 
Prattsville 
Schoharie Kill. 
WilPiamsburgh, Canada. 



768 



APPENDIX 



1799. 
Duanesburgh, N. Y. 
Peekskill, N. Y. 
Pittstown. N. Y. 

Rotterdam 1st, Schenectady. N. Y. 
Veddersburgh, N. Y. 
Woodstock, N. Y. 

1800. 
Caroline^ N. Y. 

18O1-10. 

1801. 
Hurley, N. Y. 
Mapletown, N. Y. 
Preakness. N. J. 
Stone Arabia, N. Y. 
Stone House Plains, N. J. 

1802. 
Pallsburgh, N. Y. 
Roxbury, N. Y 

1803. 
Amity, N. Y. 
Charleston, N. Y. 
Baston, N. Y. 

Nassau, Union Village, N. Y. 
Newtown (CI. Rennselaer), N. Y. 
Greenwich, New York City. 

1804. 
Warwick, N. Y. 

1805.* 
Mamakating, Wurtsboro, N. Y. 
Bloomingdale, New York City. 

1806. 
Aussenburgh, Canada, 
Markham, Canada. 
Matilda, Canada. 
Osnaburgh. Canada. 
Toronto, Canada. 
Toronto (Ger. ), Canada. 
Williamsburgh, Canada. 

1807. 
Clove, High Palls. N. Y. 
Flatbush, Ulster Co., N. Y. 

1808. 
Howe's Cave. Schoharie Mt., N. Y. 
Mew York City, Franklin St. 
Ovid. N. Y. 
Richmond. S. I. 
(Sempronius, N. Y.) 

1809. 
Arevle. N. V. 
Kleinville Canada. 
Svrlriev. Canada 
Union. N. Y., (Johnstown). 

1810. 
Ijittle York. Canada. 
TVe"' York City. Market St. 
ODnenhf^im. N. Y. 
Sonhiasbur" Canada. 
Tuscarora, N. Y. 

1811-20. 

1811. 
Hardwick, N. J. 

1812. 
New York City. South Dutch. 
Owasco Outlet, N. Y. 
Union Villae-e. Greenwich, Washington 
Co., N. Y. 



1813. 
Osquak, N. Y. 
Philadelphia, Spring Garden, Pa. 

1814. 
Blooming Grove, N. Y. 
Glenville, Scheifectady, N. Y. 
New Prospect, N. Y. 
Pascack, N. J, 
Stillwater, N. J. 

1815. 
Albany, 2d, N. Y, 
Amsterdam, (Albany Bush). 
Newfoundland. N. J. 
Pompton, N. J. 
Ransonville, N. Y. 
West Troy, North, N. Y. 

1816. 
Canajoharie. N. Y. (Ind. ). 
Hallowell, Canada. 

Johnstown, N. Y., (Oppenheim, 1st). 
North Hempstead, L. I. 
Pleasant Plains, N. Y. 
Stone Arabia, N. Y. (Ind.). 

1817. 
Benton, N. Y. 
Pavette, N. Y. 
Port Miller, N. Y. 
Northumberland, N. Y. 
Philadelphia, 2d, Pa. • 
Eighth St. 

1818. 
Cato, N. Y. 

Glenville, 2d, Schenectady, N. Y. 
Philadelphia, 2d, Ranstead Court, Pa. 

1819. 
Ceylon, India, station. 
Ghent, N. Y. 
Unionville, Westchester Co., N. Y. 

1820. 
Breakabeen, N. Y. 

Brighton Heights, Tompkinsville, S. I. 
Princetown. N. Y. 



1821-30. 

1821. 
Union, N. Y. (Amsterdam). 
Blenheim. N. Y. 
Le Rov. N. Y. 
Mayfield. N. Y. 
Oppenheim, N. Y., 2d. 
Spotswood, N. J. 

1822. 
Berea, N. Y. 
Broome, N. Y. 

Canaioharie. Secession, N. Y. 
Charleston, Secession, N. Y. 
Columbia. N. Y. 
Pishkill-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
'^eoro-e'^o-'vn. D, C. (station). 
Hackensack. Secession, N. J. 
.Tfihnstown, Secession, N. Y. 
Middletown, Secession, N. Y. 
Ovid. Secession, N. Y. 
Salisbury, N. Y. 

Schraalenbergh, Secession, N. J. 
Snrakers Basin, Secession. 
Union, Amsterdam, Secession, N. Y. 
Wyckoff, N. J. 



APPENDIX 



769 



Amity, N. Y. (station). 
Beachwoods, N. Y. 
Danube, Secession, N. Y. 
English Neighborhood, Secession, N. J. 
New York City, African. 
New Yorlt City, Broome St., after- 
ward 34th St. 
New York City, 7th Ave. 
New York City, Secession. 
Osquak, Secession, N. Y. 
Owasco, Secession, N. Y. 
Paramus, Secession, N. J. 
Rotterdam, 2d, Schenectady, N. Y. 
Wilton. N. Y. 

1824. 

Bethlehem, Secession, N. Y. 
Charleston, 2d. Secession, N. Y. 
Duanesburgh. N. Y. 
Herkimer, 2d, N. Y. 
Montville, Secession, N. J. 
New Lots, L. I. 
Pooster Kill, Secession, N. Y. 
Pultneyville, N. Y. (station). 
Ramapo, Secession. N. Y. 
Rem Snyder's Bush, N. Y. 
Summit. Eminence, N. Y. 
Wynantskill, Secession, N. Y. 

1825. 

Aquackanonck, Secession, N. J. 

Beekman, N. Y. 

Cincinnatus, N. Y. 

Clarkstown, Secession, N. Y. 

Cobleskill, N. Y. 

Plats, Secession, N. Y. 

Hempstead, Secession, N. Y. 

Lodi, N. Y. 

North Branch. N. J. 

Palatine, N. Y. 

Stirling, N. Y. 

Tappan, Secession, N. Y. 

Union. Albany Co., N. Y. 

1826. 
Athens, N. Y. 
Berkshire Valley, N. Y. 
Berne, 2d, Knox, N. Y. 
Columbiaville, N. Y. (station). 
New York City, .Orchard St. 
New York City, Yorkville (station). 
Oppenheim, 3d, N. Y. 

1827. 

Amsterdam (Union Ch.), N. Y. 
Canajoharie. N. Y. 
Cato, Secession, N. Y. 
Martinsburgh. N. Y. 

New York City, Rivingston St. (sta- 
tion). 
Paterson, N. J. Totowa, 2d. 
Perth. N. Y. 

Philadelphia. 4th, Manayunk, Pa. 
Six Mile Creek, N. Y. 
Sharon. Secession, N. Y. 
Sparta, Secession, N. Y. 
Stuyvesant. N. Y. 
Walpack, Lower, Pa. 
Wolcott. Secession, N. Y. 

1828. 

Chittenango, N. Y. 
Hoboken, Ulster Co.. N. Y. 
Lysander. N. Y. 
Mt. Morris. Secession. N. Y. 
Paterson, Independent, N. Y. 



1829. 
Bergen Neck, Bayonne, Jersey City, 

N. J. 
Charleston, Independent, N. Y. 
Kphratah, N. Y. (1829-59). 
Ford's Bush (station), N. Y. 
Fort Carbon (station). Pa. 
Henderson, Warren. N. Y. 
New York City, Manhattan Ch. 
Williamsburgh, Brooklyn, L.^ I. 

1830. 
Amity (station), N. Y. 
Berne, N. Y. 
Canton, China (station). 
Farmer, N. Y. (Interlaken). 
Frankfort, N. Y. 
Herkimer, 2d, N. Y. 
Ithaca, N. Y. 
Java, E. I. (station). 
Jersey City, N. J. 
New York City, Vandewater St. 
Pottsville, Pa. (station). 
Utica, N. Y. 

1831-40. 

1831. 

Caroline, N. Y. 
Catlin. N. Y. 
Dashville Falls, N. Y. 
Fort Plain, N. Y. 
Geneva, N. Y. 
Marshallville, N. Y. 
New York City, Ninth St. 
Siam, E. I. (station). 

1832. 
Blawenburgh, N. J. 
Ephratah, N. Y. 
Hackensack. Independent, N. J. 

1833. 
Catskill (Village), N. Y. 
Canastota, N. Y. 
Coxsackie. 2d, N. Y. 
Guilford, N. Y. 
Jackson, N. Y. 
Kinderhook, 2d, N. Y. 
Kiskatom, N. Y. 
Lyons, N. Y. 
Newark, 1st, N. J. 
New York City, North St. 

1834. 
Albany, 3d, N. Y. 
Clover Hill, N. J. 
Jamesville, N. Y. 
Middlebush, N. J. 
Polkton, Mich. 

Raritan, 2d, Somerville, N". J. 
Stanton, N. J. 

1835. 
Arcadia, Fairville, N. Y. 
Cicero, N. Y. 
Hudson, N. Y. 
Newburg, N. Y. 
Walden, N. Y. 

1836. 
Conesville, N. Y. 
Gilboa, N. Y. 
Grand Gorge. 

Greenport, Greendale, N. Y. 
Middletown. N. J. 
Moresville. N. Y. 
New Baltimore. N. Y. 
New York City, 21st St.", afterward 
40th St. 



770 



APPENDIX 



New York City, 9th St. (Collegiate). 
Philadelphia, Roxbury, Pa. 
Tyre, N. Y. 

1837. 
Brooklyn, 2d, Central. N. Y. 
Buel, N. Y. 
Cohoes, N. Y. 
Fairview, 111. 
Glenham, N. Y. 
Little Palls, N. J. 

New York City, South Dutch, in Mur- 
ray St. (see 1812). 
New York City, Washington Square. 
Philadelphia, 3d, Pa. 
1838. 
Buffalo. N. Y. 

Claverack, 2d, Mellenville, N. Y. 
Fultonville, N. Y. 
Mohawk, N. Y. 

New York City, K. Houston St. (Ger.). 
Nyack, N. Y. 
Piermont, N. Y. 
Plattekill. N. Y". 

1839. 

Astoria, N. Y. 

Auriesville, N. Y. 

Centerville, Mich. 

Bast New York, N. Y. 

•Gansevoort. N. Y. 

Macao, E. I. (station). 

Madras, India (station). 

Mt. Morris. N. Y. • 

New York City, La Fayette Place (Col- 
legiate). 

Onisquethaw, N. Y. 

Pontianak, Borneo (station). 

Saugerties (Kaatsban), N. Y. 

Swartstown. N. Y. 

West Farms, N. Y. 
1840. 

Borneo, E. I. (stations). 

Brooklyn, South, N. Y. 

Brunswick, 111. 

Ellenville. N. Y. 

Glen. Independent. N. Y. 
'Grand Rapids, Mich. 
•Greenville. N. Y. 

Irvington. Clintonville. N. J. 
tfSyria]. 

1841-50. 

1841. 
"Brooklyn. 4th. N. Y. 
Knox. N. Y. 
Trenton. N. J. 
Vanderveer. 111. 

1842. 
Amoy. China, Mission to. 
Day. N. Y. 
Flushing. N. Y. 
Freehold, 2d, N. J. 
Griggstown, N. J. 
Karangan, E I. (station). 
Kiskatom. N. Y. 
Kolongsoo. China (station). 
Praireville, Mich. 
Ridgeway. Mich. 
Yonkers, N. Y. 



Allegan. Mich. 
Caledonia. Wis. 
Chatham. N. Y. 
Constantine. Mich. 
'Ghent, 2d. N. Y. 
•Gorham, N. Y. 



1843. 



Leeds, N. Y. 

Madison, Wi.s. 

New Brunswick, 2d, X. J. 

New Durham, N. J. 

New York City, Broadway; afterward 

Stanton St. 
New York City, Washington Heights. 
Pekin, 111. 
Rosendale, N. Y. 
Sun Prairie. Wis. 

1844. 
Amoy. China (station). 
Gallupville. N. Y. 
Grahamsville. N. Y. 
West Troy, South. N. Y. 

1845. 
Port Washington (station). N. Y. 

1846. 
Arcot. India (station). 
Brooklyn, Middle Ch., N. Y. 
Bosnd Brook, N. J. 
Hudson City, Jersey City. N. J. 
Jersey City. Wayne St.. N. J. 
Madura, India (station). 
Medina, Mich. 
New York City, Mt. Pleasant. 50th St. 

1847. 
Brooklyn. East, Bedford. X. Y. 
Fair Haven, N. Y.' 
Keyport, N. J. 
Piffardinia, N. Y. 
Washington, 111. 

1848. 
Bethlehem, 2d, Delmar, N. Y. 
Greenpoint. Kent St., Brooklyn. X. Y. 
Kingston. 2d, N. Y. 
Newark. 2d, N. J. 
Newark, 3d. N. J. 

New York City, 2d German. Grand St. 
Peapack, N. J. 
Poughkeepsie. 2d. N. Y. 
Raritan, 3d, N. J. 
Rensselaer, N. Y. 
Syracuse. N. Y. 
West Hurley. N. Y. 

1849. 
Claraville. Unionville, Upper Xeversink, 

N. Y. 
Clay, N. Y. 
Macon. Mich. 
Milwaukee, Wis. 
Mottville, Mich. 
South Bend. Ind. 
South Holland. Mich. 

1850. 
Arni. India (station). 
Bethlehem. Wis. 
Bethel. Wis. 
Bronxville. X. Y. 
Brooklyn. North Gowanus. 12th St.. 

N. Y. 
Cleveland. Oswego Co.. X. Y. 
Graafschap. Mich. 
Grand Rapids. 2d. Mich. 
Greenburgh. N. Y. 
Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 
Hoboken. N. J. 
Huguenots. S. I. 
New York Citv. West, 6th Ave. 
North Blenheim, N. Y. 
Oostburgh, Wis. 
Peekskill, N. Y. 

Port Jackson, Amsterdam, 1st, N. Y. 
South Branch, N. J. 
Zealand, Mich. 



APPENDIX 



771 



1851-60. 

1851 
Blue Mountain, N. Y. 
Brooklyn Heights, N. Y. 
Brooklyn, New, N. Y. 
Brooklyn, North, N. Y. 
Brooklyn, South Bushwick, N. Y. 
Brown Settlement, N. Y. 
Drenthe, Mich. 
Easton, Pa. 
Franklin, Wis. 
Grand Haven, Mich. 
Holland, 1st Mich. 
Jefferson, Mich. 
Kalamazoo, Mich. 
Krumville, Sampsonville, N. Y. 
Long- Branch, N. J. 
Marbletown, 2d, North, N. Y. 
Mott Haven, N. Y. C. 
New Brunswick, 3d, N. J. (Ger. ). 
New York City, Livingston Ch. 
North Esopus, Port Ewen, N. Y. 
Overisel. Mich. 
Piermont, 2d, N. Y. 
Pultneyville, N. Y. 
Schenectady, 2d, N. Y. 
Silver Creek, German Valley, 111. 
Stapleton, S. I. 
Tarrytown, 2d, N. Y. 
Thousand Isles, N. Y. 
Vriesland, Mich. 
Waterloo, N. Y. 

1852. 
Port Herkimer, N. Y. 
High Prairie, 111. 
Jeffersonville, N. Y. 
New Haven. Conn. 
New York City, 3d German.. 
Jer.sey City, 3d, Hamilton Square, N. J. 
Lisha's Kill, N. Y. 
Philadelphia, 2d, 7th St., Pa. 
Rochester, N. Y. 

1853. 
Arcot, India. 
Arni. India. 
Buffalo, N. Y. 
Burlington, la. 
Castleton, N. Y. 
Chiang-Chiu, China (station). 
Chicago, 1st, 111. 
Chittoor. India. 
Clymer Hill. N. Y. 
Hud.son City (Jersey City), N. J. 
Kerhonksen. N. Y. 
Mount Vernon, N. Y. 
New York City, Harlem (Ger.). 
North Bergen. N. J. 
North Holland. Mich. 
Ranipettai, India. 
Vellore, India. 

1854. 
Astoria, 2d, N. Y. 
Bergen Point, N. J. 
Cedar Grove, Wis. 
Chicago, 2d. 111. 
Chioh-be. China (station). 
Clark.sville. N. Y. 
Cuddebackville, N. Y. 
Holland, Wis. 
Melrose, Bronx, N. Y. C. 
New York City, 4th German. 
New York City, 5th Ave. and 29th St. 

Collegiate. 
Raritan, 111. 
Schenectady, 3d, N. Y. 



Shandaken, N. Y. 
Spring Lake, 111. 

1855. 
Albany, 4th, N. Y. (Ger.). 
Alto, Wis. 

Battle Creek, Mich. 
Bethany Chapel, Brooklyn Heights, 

N. Y. 
Brooklyn, Lee Ave., N. Y. 
Buffalo, N. Y. 
Cold Spring. N. Y. 
East Millstone, N. J 
East Williamsburgh, N. Y. 
Ellenville. 2d, N. Y. 
Franklin, N. J. 
Hackensack, 2d, N. J. 
Hageman's, N. Y. 
Lamsons, N. Y. 
Naumberg, N. Y. 
Newtown, 2d, N. Y. 
New Bremen, N. Y. 
New York City, Central, 9th St. 
Sandusky City, Ohio. 
South Holland, Low Prairie, III. 
Tottenville, S. I. 
Warren, N. J. 

1856. 
Amoy, China. 
Bushnell, 111. 
Callicoon, N. Y. 
Colt's Neck, N. J. 
Gibbsville, Wis. 
Hoboken (Ger.), N. J. 
Jersey City. 4th, N. J. 
Mina Corners, N. Y. 
Newark, North. N. J. 
Nordeloos, Mich. 
Paterson, Holland. 1st. N. J. 
Pella, 1st. la. 
Sheboygan Falls. Wis. 
West Leyden, N. Y. 

1857. 
Coonoor, India. 
Hackensack, 3d (Ger.), N. J. 
Metuchen, N. J. 
New Concord, N. Y. 
New York City, 7th Ave and 57th St. 
Polktown. Coopersville, Mich. 
Rocky Hill. N. J. 

1858. 

Athens. Pa. 

Brooklyn. North 6th St.. Miss., N. Y. 

Buckbrook. N. Y. 

Milesville. N. Y. 

New Rochelle (Ger.), N. Y. 

New York City. 4th Ger., 240 W. 40th 
St. 

Paterson (Hoi.). Secession, N. J. 

Plainfield (Ger.), N. J. 

Queens, L. I. 

Quincy, 111. 

Bedford. Mich. 

Schodack Landing, N. Y. 

Sprakers, N. Y. (Name Sprakers Bas- 
in changed). 

Woodhaven, L. I. 

1859. 

Albany (Hoi.), N Y. 

Albany, Dudley, N. Y. 

Athens. 2d. N. Y. 

[Boston. Mass.]. 

Brooklyn, Bergen Hill. L. I. 

Chioh-be. China. 

Davenport. la. 

Eden. Wis. 



772 



APPENDIX 



Grandville, Mich. 

Palmaner. India. 

Hudson City, 2d, Jersey City, N. J. 

Lodi, N. J. 

Muskegon, Michigan. 

Nagasaki, Japan. Station (Kanaga- 

wa). 
New York City, Union, 6th Ave. 
Porter, Mich. 
South Gilboa, N. Y. 
Stuyvesant Falls, N. Y. 

1860. 
Amoy, 2d, China. 
Grand Rapids, 1st, Mich. 
New York City, Prospect Hill, 85th St. 
Tompkinsville, 2d, S. I. 

1861-70. 

1861. 
Indian Castle, N. Y. 
New York City, De Witt Chapel. 
New York City, Madison Ct. Chapel. 
New York Citv, North Trinity, Broad- 
way and 34 th St. 
White Hall, 111. 

1862. 
Closter City, N. J. 
Forreston, 111. 
Gingee, India. 
Holland, 2d, Hope, Mich. 
Ilion, N. Y. 
North Creek, 111. 
Philadelphia, 4th, Pa. 
Sattambadi, India. 
Walpack, Upper, Pa. 
Aliendal, India. 
Katpadi, India. 
Keokuk, la. 

Lafayette, Jersey City, N. J. 
Madanapalla, India. 
Pella. 2d, la. 
Pittsford. Mich. 
Plainfield, Central, N. J. 
South Macon, Mich. 
Vellambi, India. 
Wiltwick, N. Y. 
Yokohama, Japan. Station. 
Yokohama, Japan, 1st, for foreign res- 
idents. 

1864. 
Addisville, Pa. 
Cleveland, Ohio. 
Paterson, Broadway, N. J. 
St. Remy, N. Y. 

1865. 
Charleston, S. C. Station. 
Havana, 111. 
Kewascum, Wis. 
Kundipattur, India. 
Pottersville, N. J. 
Spring Valley, N. Y. 
Tillaborough, N. Y. 
White Plains, N. Y. 

1866. 
Albany Park, Chapel, N. Y. 
Brooklyn (Ger.), L. I. 
Bethel, la. 

Clinton, Annandale, N. J. 
High Bridge, N. J. 
Millbrook, N. Y. 
Newark, West, N. J. 
New York City (Hoi.). 
New York City, Knox Memorial 
Chapel. 



New York City, Manor Chapel of 

South Dutch Church. 
New York City, 48th St., Chapel. 
Palisades, N. J. 
Paterson, 2d, Hoi., N. J. 
Paterson, 6th, N. J. 
Sayville, L. I. 

1867. 
Dunkirk, N. Y. 
Fulton, 111. 
Gnanodavam, India. 
Holland, 3d, Mich. 
Holland, Ebenezer, Mich. 
Leyden Centre, 111. 
Paterson (Hoi.), N. J. 
Yorktown, Minn. 

1868. 
Boonton, N. J. 

Brooklyn, Myrtle Ave., Miss., N. Y. 
Jersey City, West End, N. J. 
Lodi, Independent, N. J. 
Marutavambadi, India. 
Newark, South, Clinton Ave., N. J. 
Norris, 111. Station. 
O-Kang, China. 
Orattur, India. 
Passaic, North, N. J. 
Philadelphia, Bethune Memorial, Pa. 
Philadelphia, Kensington, Pa. 
Saugatuck, Mich. 
Sekadu, India. 
Two Rivers, 111. Station. 

1869. 
Amelia Court House, Va. 
Brookfleld, Conn. 
Clymer Village, Abbe Ch. 
Danforth, 111. 
Ebenezer, 111. 
Fynaart, Mich. 
Greenleafton, Minn. 
Guttenberg, N. J. 
Jamestown, Mich. 
Kattapalli, India. 
Newark, East. N. J. 
New York Citv, North Church Chapel, 

113 Fulton St. 
New York City, 7th Ave. Chapel. 
Niigata, Japan. Station. (1869-70). 
Pella, 3d, la. 
Pella. 4th, la. 
Tokyo, Japan. Station. 
Varriikkal, India. 
Wallkill Valley, N. Y. 

1870. 
Beaverdam, Mich. 
East Williamson, N. Y. 
Fremont Centre. IMich. 
Hamilton. Mich. 
Holland. Neb. 
Hong-San, China. 
Livingston, Linlithgo. N. Y. 
Marion, N. Y. 
South Bend, Ind. 
Spring Lake, Mich. 

1871-1880. 

1871. 
Chiang-Chiu, China. 
Chicago. Norwood Park. 
Cranesville, N. Y. 
Flatbush. (jrace Chapel. 
Grand Haven, 2d, Mich. 
Jersey City, CJreenville, N. J. 
Kolapakam, India. 
Linden, N. J. 



APPENDIX 



773 



Locust Valley, Queens, N. Y. C 

Narasinganur. India. 

Newark. Woodside, N. J. 

North Branch. N. Y. 

Orange City, la. 

Otley. la. 

Rotterdam, Kan. 

Somerset, Kan. 

Tung-an, China. 

Wortendyke, N. J. 

1872. 
College Point, Queens, N. Y. C. 
East Overisel, Mich. 
Jersey City, Bayonne. 3d, N. J. 
Jersey City, Free. 
Jersey City Heights. Central. 
New York Citv. Fifth Ave. and Forty- 
eighth St. Collegiate. 
New York City, Ave. B and Fifth St. 
Peoria. 111. 
South Haven, Mich. 
Yokohama, Kaigan Ch., Japan. 

1873. 
Hohokus, N. J. 
Holland, 2d, Neb. 
Passaic (Hoi.), N. J. 

1874. 
Chicago. Irving Park, 111. 
Flatbush, 2d. Brooklvn, N. Y. C. 
High Bridge. Bronx. N. Y. C. 
Hig:hlands, N. J. 
Jericho. L. I. 

Jersey City. South Bergen. N. J. 
Parkersburgh. la. 
Three Bridges. N. J. 
Wilcox. Pa. 

1875. 
Central Bridge. N. Y. 
Detroit, Mich. 
Fort Lee. N. J. 
Grand Rapids. 3d. Mich. 
(Jrand Rapids. Independent. Mich. 
Hortonville. N. Y. 
Lansing. 111. 
Long Is. City, Laurel Hill. Queens, N. 

Y'. C. 
Montague. Mich. 
New York City. Norfolk St. 
Orange. East Orange. N. J. 
Ramseys, N. J. 
Ridge wood. N. J. 
Tindivanam. India. 
Twin Lakes. Mich. 

1876. 
Asbury Park. N. J. 
Canarsie. Brooklvn. N. Y. C. 
Cherry Hill, N. J. (North Hacken- 

sack). 
Jamaica. Queens. N. Y. C. 
Lyonsville. N. Y. 
Nagasaki. Japan. 
ITyeda, Japan (1876-1917). 
Yehamur, India. 

1877. 
Alton, la. 

Ferrysburgh, Mich. 
Hartsburgh, III. 
Kojimachi, Japan. 
Long Branch, 2d, Sea Side Chapel. 

N. J. 
New Amsterdam, Wis. 
Sioke Chapel, China. 
South Pass, Neb. 
Sioux Centre, 1st. formerly Orange 

City, We.st Branch, la. 



Stewartville. N. Y. 
Tokyo, Japan. 
Vellirapetti, India. 

1878. 
Franklin Furnace, N. J. 
Lodi, 2d, N. J. 

1879. 
Chicago, Roseland, 111. 
De Spelder, Mich. 
Manito, 111. 

Paterson (Hoi), Union Refd., N. J. 
Raritan, 4th, 111. 
Twin Lakes, Mich. 

1880. 
Centerville, S. D. 
(Jreenwood, Wis. 
Hardewyck, Mich. 
Harrison, S. D. 
New York City, Manor Chapel of South 

St. Ch. 
Orangeburgh, S. C. 
Plainfleld. Trinity. N. J. 
Washington, la. 

1881-90. 

1881. 
Kreischerville, S. I. 
Sioke, China. 

1882. 
Bannertown, la. 
Centreville, Athenia, N. J. 
Secaucus. N. J. 

Spring Vallev, Maywood, N. J. 
Vanden Berg, S. D. 
West Copake. (New name for Tagh- 
kanick). 

1883. 
Arcadia; Newark, N. Y. 
Hicksville, L. I. 
Jersey City. St. Johns. N. J. 
Lennox, S. D. 
Newkirk, N. Orange, la. 
Sandham Memorial, S. D. 
Sioux Falls, S. D. 
South Blendon. Mich. 
Three Oaks, Mich. 

1884. 
Baileyville. 111. 
Bon Homme, S. D. 
Charles Mix, S. D. 
Emmanuel, Belmond, la. 
Greenbush, Wis. 
Immanuel, Springfield, S. D. 
Philadelphia, Kan. 
Maurice. la. 

New Brunswick, Suydam St., N. J. 
Ontario. N. Y. 
Pella. Neb. 
Salem. S. D. 

1885. 
Bethany (near Pella). la. 
Boardville. N. J. 
Free Grace. la. 
Grand View. Armour, S. D. 
Hope, La Grace. S. D. 
Howard Prairie. Wis. 
Hull. Pattersonville. la. 
Luctor. Kan. 
New York City, Grace Refd., 7th Ave. 

and 54th St. 
New York City. Yorkville. (Ger. ). 
Orange City, 2d, la. 



774 



APPENDIX 



1886. 
Chicago, Englewood, 111. 
Cobleskill, N. Y., 2d. 
Grand Rapids, 5th, Mich. 
Hope, Westfleld, S. D. 
Hospers, la. 
Kalamazoo, 2d, Mich. 
Monroe, Aplington, la. 
New York City, Harlem, 2d, Lenox 

Ave. ; Harlem Collegiate. 
Olive Leaf, Wakonda, S. D. 
Ramsay, Titonka, la. 
Roseland, Minn. 
Van Raalte, S. D. 
Westwood, N. J. 

1887. 
Hamilton Grange, Bronx, N. Y. C. 
Palmyra, N. Y. 
Paterson, Riverside, N. J. 
Rochester, 2d, N. Y. 
Waupun, Wis. 

1888. 
Boyden, la. 
Immanuel, S. D. 
La Payette, Ind. 
Morioka, Japan (1888-1917). 
Sully, Bethany, la. 
Willow Lakes, S. D. 

1889. 
Atwood, Mich. 

Delaware, Davis, or Lennox, 3d, S. D. 
Grand Rapids, 6th, Mich. 
Greenbush, Wis. 
Hull, S. D. 
Jamestown, 2d, Mich. 
Kalamazoo, 3d, Mich. 
Leighton, Ebenezer, la. 
Lennox, 2d, S. D. 
Le Mars, la. 
Sio-Khe, China. 

1890. 
Chicago, Roseland, 2d, 111. 
Cleveland, 2d, O. 
Bast Palatine, N. Y. 
Firth, Neb. 

Grand Rapids, 7th, Mich. 
Highland Park, N. J. 
Hingham, Wis. 
Newtown (Ger. ). Reorganized ; Queens, 

N. Y. C. 
New York City, Vermilye Chapel, Col- 
legiate. 
Rehoboth, Lucas, Mich. 
Rock Valley, la. 
Summit, 111. 
Vogel Centre, Mich. 
, Zion, Chapin, la. 

1891-1900. 

1891. 
Bethany, Leota, la. 

Brooklyn, South, Church of Jesus, N. Y. 
Basrah, Arabia (station). 
Chicago, Gano, 111. 
Chicago, Trinity, 111. 
Edgewood. Brooklyn, N. Y. C. 
Galesburg, la. 
Gardiner, N. Y. 
Garfield, N. J. 
Grand Rapids, 8th, Mich. 
Hickman, Neb. 
Hope, Sheboygan, Wis. 
Little Palls, 2d, N. J. 
Muscatine, la 



Muskegon, 2d, Mich. 

Oradell. N. J. 

Philadelphia, Talmage Memorial, Pa. 

Racine, Wis. 

Ridgewood, Evergreen, Queens, N. Y. C. 

Steinway, Queens, N. Y. C. 

Thiang, China. 

1892. 

Amsterdam, Trinity, N. Y. 

Anderson Memorial of Belmont, Bronx, 
N. Y. C. 

Bath-on-Hudson. reorganized ; now 
Rensselaer, N. Y. 

Brighton (CI. Rochester), N. Y. 

Brooklyn, Greenwood Heights, N. Y. 

Chicago, Bethany, 111. 

Clifton, N. J. 

Davis, S. D. 

Elim, White Rock, 111. 

Palmouth, Mich. 

Hope. George, la. 

Grand Rapids, 9th, Mich. 

Kalamazoo, 4th, Mich. 

Moddersville, Mich. 

New York City, Second Ave. and Sev- 
enth St., Collegiate. 

New York City, West End Ave. and 
77th St., Collegiate. 

Paterson, People's Park, N. J. 

Philmont, N. Y. 

Schnectady, Bellevue, N. Y. 

Schenectady, Mt. Pleasant, N. Y. 

Wakonda, S. D. 

Yonkers, Park Hill, N. Y. 
1893. 

Bahrein, Arabia. 

Britton, Mich. 

Buffalo Centre, la. 

Chicago, Northwestern, 111. 

Cromwell Centre, la. 

Chilam, China. 

George, la. 

Hasbrouck Heights, N. J. 

Grand Rapids, 10th, Bethany, Mich. 

Kagoshima, Japan. 

Koster, III. (Wichert). 

Mascat, Arabia (station). 

New Era, Mich. 

New Hyde Park, L. I. 

Randolph Centre, Wis. 

Yankton, S. D. 

1894. 

Aomori, Japan, 1894-1917. 

Baker, Sibley, la. 

Bethlehem, New Sharon, la. 

(jhurch of the Comforter, Bronx, N. 
Y. C. 

Davis, S. D. 

De Motte, Ind. 

East Little Rock, la. 

Ebenezer, Scotland, S. D. 

Johnstown, N. Y. 

Monroe (Ger.), S. D. 

North Paterson, N. J. 

Pella, 4th, la. 

Poa-a, China. 

Salem, la. 

Sheldon, la. 

Silver Creek, Maple Lake, Minn. 

South Little Rock. la. 
1895. 

Aplington, la. 

Chiang-Chiu (station) China. 

Glen Rock, N. J. 

Hawthorne, N. J. 

Maple Lake, Minn. 



APPENDIX 



775 



New York City, 34th St;. Church Chapel. 

New York Mills, N. Y. 

North Sibley, la. 

Philadelphia. South, Pa. 

Saga, Japan. 

Salem, S. D., Reorganized. 

Syracuse, 2d, N. Y. 

Tong-an, China. 

University Heights, the Bronx, N. Y. C, 

Collegiate. 
West Hoboken, N. J. 
1896. 
Alexander, la. 
Altamont. N. Y. 
Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, N. Y. C. 
Carmel, la. 

Clara City (Hoi.), Minn. 
Morrison. Ebenezer, 111. 
Friesland, Minn. 
Holland, 4th, Mich. 
Kenosha, Mich. 
Long I.s. City, Sunnyside, Queens, N. 

Y. C. 
Ontario. N. Y. 
Port Jervis, N. \'.., 2d. 
Womi.ser City, Mont. 
1897. 
Albany, 6th, N. Y. 
Brooklyn. Emmanuel, N. Y. 
Churchville. Minn. 
Cirand Rapids, Grace, Mich. 
Montclair Heights. N. J. 
Nagano, Japan, 1897-1917. 
Nasaria, Arabia, (station). 
Rosendale Plains, N. Y. 
Wellsburg, la. 

1898. 
Bethany. Memorial, Bronx, iSf. Y. C. 
Bethel, Mich. 
Buffalo, N. Y. 
Colony, Okla. 
Lake Shore, Mich. 
Zoar, la. 

1899. 

Clara City. Bethany (Ger. ), Minn. 

Holland, Gelderland. Mich. 

New Sharon, la. 

Sioux Centre, Central Ch., la. 

Summit, Chicago, Lawn. 

Sunshine Chapel, of Collegiate Church, 
N. Y. C. 

Wanaque, N. J, 

1900. 

Archer, la. 

Bogota, N. J. 

Church of the Faithful, Brown's Sta- 
tion, N. Y. 

Highwood, N. J. 

Kampen, Md. 

Prince's Bay, S. I. 

Rochelle Park, N. J. 

Wilhelmina, Md. 

Woodlawn Chapel, Brooklyn, N. Y. C. 

Worthing, Lennox, S. D. 

Yonkers, Mile Square, N. Y. 



1901-10. 

1901. 
Becker's Corners, N. Y. 
Chicago, Immanuel Mission. 
Cordell, Oklahoma (station). 
Fort Sill, Oklahoma. 
Kumamoto. Japan, 1901-1904. 



Kilduff, la. 

Law ton, Okl. 

North Yakima. Wash. 

Philadelphia. Bethany, Pa. 

1902. 

Alligerville, N. Y. 

Bayonne, N. J.. 5th St. (Formed 
by Union of the 1st Presbyteri- 
an Chuich of Bayonne and Ber- 
gen Point Reformed Church). 

Brooklyn. Bethany. 

Chicago, Englewood, 2d. 

Dempster and Chancellorville, S. D. 

Goodland, Ind. 

Harrison, Okl. 

Liberty, Okl. 

Pennsylvania Lane, 111. 

Red Bank, N. J. 

Rensselaer, N. Y., 1st. (New name for 
Bath-on-the-Hudson ) . 

Spring Creek, Minn. 

West Hoboken, N. J., 1st 

1903. 

Ada. Mich. 

Arapahoe, Okl. 

Brookdale. (New name of Stone 
Hou.se Plains). 

Brooklyn, Grace Reformed. 

Faith Mission of Collegiate Church. 
N. Y. C. 

Muskegon, Mich., 3d, (Formerly Inde- 
pendent). 

North Blendon, Hudsonville, Mich. 

Oak Harbor, W^ash. 

Portage, Mich. 

Prairie City, la. 

Sandstone, Minn. 

Timmonsville, S. C. Zion. 

1904. 
All Souls, Florence, S. C. 
Bethel, Shiloh, S. C. 
Bethsaida, Magnolia, S. C. 
Buck Creek, Okl. 
Chancellor, S. D. 
Clinton, Okl. 
Dalton, 111. 
Grand, Okl. 
Harlem, Mich. 

Hyde Park, East Orange N. J. 
Suliy. la. 
Volga, S. D. 

Wortendyke, N. J., Trinity. 
Zeeland, Mich., 2d. 

1905. 
Baldwin. Wis. 
Bethel, la. 

Forestville. Wis., Ringle. 
Kalamazoo, Mich.. Bethany. 
Logan, Dell Rapids, S. D. 
Mapes. N. D. 
.Mariner's Harbor, S. I.. N. Y. 

1906. 
Brooklyn, Woodlawn. 
Cast' Township, Moore, Okl. 
P'^henezer, Milford, la. 
Gotebo. Okl. 

Grand Rapids, Mich., Bethel. 
Howe's Cave, N. Y., 2d. 
Interlaken. (New name for Farmer), 

N. Y. 
Litchville, N. D. 
New Holland. Englewood, Col. 
Scotland, S. D. (New name for Eli- 

enezer). 
Thomas, Okl. 



776 



APPENDIX 



1907. 
Apache (Port Sill). 
Asbury, Palco, Kan. 
Comanche. Okl. 
East Belfast, Maine, Trinity. 
Edgerton, Minn., Union. 
Grand Rapids, Mich., Immanuel. 
Grant, Mich. 

Horton, Memorial, Shawnee, Okl. 
Maurice. American, S. D. 
Meservey, la. 
Norman, Okl. 

Perth Amboy, N. J. St. Paul's. 
Prairie Home, Okl. 
Prairie View, Kan. 
Stout, la. 

Vermilye Memorial, Lawton, Okl. 
Waldwick. N. J. 
Winfield. L. I., N. Y. 

1908. 
Aplington. la. 
Castlewood, S. D. 
Corsica, S. D., Grace. 
Cortland. N. Y. 
Doon, la. 

Grand Rapids, Mich., Trinity. 
Harrington Park. N. J. 
Montana, First, Conrad, Mont. 
North Marion, N. D. 
Oklahoma City, Okl. 
Punganur, India Station. 
Randolph, Wis., 2d. 
Tulsa, Okl. 
West New York, N. J., Trinity. 

1909. 
Decatur, Mich. 
Fairview, Okl. 
Far Rockaway, L. I., N. Y. 
Fort Washington, Collegiate, N. Y. C. 
Garden Plains. 111. 
Jersey City, N. J., Faith. 
Jersey City, N. J., Van Vorst, 1st. 
(Formed by union of Grand St. 
and Wayne St. churches). 
Kalamazoo, Mich., North Park. 
Mescalero, N. M. 
Newton, 111., Zion. 
Ustick, 111., Morrison, Spring Valley. 

1910. 
Artesian, S. D. 
Bristow. la. 

Brooklyn, Barren Island. 
Byron Centre. Mich. 
Eddyville, la. 
Manhattan, Mont. 
Marion, N. Y.. 2d. 
Miller, S. D. 

Monarch, Alberta. Canada. 
Oita, Japan. Station. 
Plainfield. N. J.. Netherwood. 
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Arlington. 
Schenectady, N. Y.. Woodlawn. 
Tyndall. Avon, S. D. 
Windsor Terrace, N. Y. 

1011-1920. 

1911. 
Amara, Arabia. Station. 
Annville, Kentucky. 
Big Timber, Mont. Hope. 
Chandler, Minn. 

Chicago. 111.. West Side, Oak Park. 
Cutting, N. Y. 
Fruitland, Mesa, Col. 
Holland, Mich., Trinity. 



Hull, la., American Reformed. 

Indianapolis, Ind. 

Katpadi, India, Station. 

Lynden, Wash. 

McKee, Kentucky. 

New Sharon, la. 

Peekskill, N. Y., Hungarian. 

Prairie (Tity, la. 

Sodus, N. Y. 

Wichita, Kan. 

Winnebago, Neb. 

Wood-Cliff-on-the-Hudson, N. J. i 

Yonkers, N. Y., Crescent Place. 

Zion, German Evangelical, Bronx, N. 
Y. C. (Formed by the union of 
German Evangelical Mission and 
Zion German Presbyterian 
Church). 

1912. 
Grand Rapids, Mich., Hope. 
High Woods, N. Y. 
Hudsonville, Mich. 
Inwood, la. 

Jersey City, N. J., West Side. 
Katpadi, India. 
Marconnier, Oak Tree, N. J. 
Matsumoto, Japan, Station. 
North Hackensack, N. J. (Named 

changed from Cherry Hill, N. 

J., 1876). 
Passaic, N. J., 4th. (Received from 

Christian Reformed Church). 
Williamson, N. Y. 

1913. 
Brooklyn, N. Y., Forest Park. (Formed 

by union of East New York and 

Presbyterian Church of Forest 

Park). 
Carlstadt, Canada. 
Crookston, Neb. 
Delmar, N. Y. (Name of Bethlehem. 

2d, after 1913). 
Dumont, la. 
Dunningsville. Mich. 
Hudson, N. Y.. Hungarian. 
Hamilton. Mich., American Reformed. 
Ireton, la. 

Mountain Lakes, N. J. 
Mount Greenwood, 111. 
Munsonville, N. Y. 
Oskaloosa, la.. Central. 
Plainfield, Mich. 
Scarsdale, N. Y. 
Vallev Stream, L. I., N. Y. 
Wichert. (Before 1913 known as 

Koster). 

1914. 
Bethel, Ellsworth, Minn. 
Biglow, Minn. 

Grand Rapids. Mich., East Paris. 
Gray Hawk, Kentucky. 
Herman, Minn. 
Hohokus, N. J. 
Lake View, S. D. 
New Holland, Alderson, Canada. 
Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Emanuel. 
Shimonosiki. Japan, Station. 
Sibley, la., (Classis of Germania). 
Steen, Minn. 
Twin Brooks, S. D. 

1915. 
Aurora, Stickney, S. D. 
Beacon, N. Y. (New name for Fish- 

kill-on-the-Hudson, 1915. 
Beverly, Mich. 



APPENDIX 



771 



•Chicago, Emmanuel (Roseland). 

Chicago, Hungarian, West Side. 

Chicago, Kensington, Italian Mission. 

Clifton, N. J., Holland. 

Clove Valley Chapel, S. I. 

Fairview, la. 

Friesland, Wis. (New name for Ran- 
dolph Centre, Wis.). 

Fukuoka, Japan, Station. 

Grand Rapids, Mich., Knapp Ave. 

Kurume, Japan, Station. 

Hackensack, N. J., Italian. 

Lamont, Mich. 

Paterson, N. J., Church of the Cov- 
enant. 

Rock Rapids, la. 

Sanborn, la. 

Sioux City, la. 

South Barnard, Mich. (Charlevoix). 

Stone Ridge. N. Y. (New name for 
Marbletown, N. Y.). 

West End. Port Jervis. New name for 
Port Jervis, 2d). 

1916. 
Alvord. la. 
Fulton, 111., 2d. 

Grand Rapids, Mich., Calvary. 
Holland, Mich., 6th. 
Irvington. N. jr., 2d. 
Lester, la. 
Matlock, la. 
Melvin, la. 
Ottawa, Zeeland, Mich. 

1917. 
Fairview, S. D. 
Orand Rapids, Mich., Zion. 
Lincoln Park. N. J. 
Muskegon, Mich., Unity.' 
Sibley, la. (Classis of East Sioux). 
Strasburg, N. D. 

Upper Ridgewood Community, N. J. 
Valley Spring, S. D. 
Vesper, Arpin, Wis. 

1918. 
Allegan. Mich., 1st. 
Allendale. Jenison, Mich. 
Apache, White Tail, N. M. 
Clifton Chapel, New Durham. 
Bemis, S. D. 
F'irth. Neb. 

Grand Rapids, Mich., Central Re- 
formed. 
Grand Rapids, Mich., Fairview. 
Muskegon, Mich., 5th. 



Newark, N. J., Mt. Olivet, Italian. 
Spokane, Wash. 
West Hoboken, N. J., Hope. 
White Tail Canyon, N. M. 
Woodbourne, N. Y. (New name for 
Pallsburgh, N. Y.). 

1919. 

Brooklyn, N Y., Trinity Union of the 
German Evangelical Church of 
Brooklyn and the German 
Evangelical Church of Manhat- 
tan. 

Douglaston. N. Y. 

Dover. N. D. 

Leng-na, China, Station. 

Little Rock. la., 2d. 

Manville. N. J., Hungarian. 

Orange City, la.. Trinity. 

Seattle. Wash., Immanuel. 

Waldensian Congregation, New York 
City. 

1920. 

Amherst, S. D., Weston. 

Claremont. S. D. 

Corinth, Mich., Community. 

De Motte. .Ind., American. 

Detroit. Hope Mission. 

Englewood. N. J., Italian. 

Little Rock. la., 2d. 

Muskegon Heights, Covenant Re- 
formed. 

Nasaria, Arabia, Station. 



1921-1930. 

1921. 
Bejou. Minn. 
Belgrade, Minn. 
Denver, Col. 
Finderne, N. J. 
Hull. la.. American. 
Ogilvie, Minn. 
Prince Bay, S. I.. N. Y. 
Roe Memorial. Dulce, N. M. (Jicarilla 

Mission). 
Willow Lakes. S. D., Immanuel. 

1922. 
Central Park Reformed Church. Mich. 

(New name for Graafschap. 

Mich.). 
Newburg, N. Y., Italian. 
Teaneck. N. J., Community Church 

(Bogota) (Smith IMemorial). 



Addenda 



I. HISTORY. 

Page 93. In 1922 the Classis of Kingston and the Classis of Ulster have pro- 
posed to unite under the name of the Classis of Ulster, in 
connection with the Particular Synod of New York. 

II. MINISTERS. 

Page 237. Adams, Thomas. Harrington Park, N. J., 1917-22 ; Amsterdam, 

N. Y., Trinity, 1922 ,„,.„, . v. 

Page 249. Benes, L. H. Grand View, Armour, S. D., 1916-22 ; Archer, la., 

]^922 

Page 252 Beseigel, W. E. Mellenville, N. Y., 1919-21 ; N. Y. C, Greenwood 

Heights, 1922 

Page 253. Betten, D. L. Florida, N. Y., 1920-22; d. May 4th. , ^ ^, 
Page 763. Bishop, Edward Hodge. P. U. 1896; N. B. S. 1922; 1. by Classis 

of Hyde Park, East Orange, N. J., 1922 

Page 258. Boeve, Lucas. Tarrytown. N. Y., 2d., 1914-22 ; Kingston, N. Y., 

1st 1922 
Page 262. Bosshart, J.' G. N. Y. C, Borough of Queens; Newtown (Ger.), 

1920-22; d. April 21. „ „ „, 

Page 262. Bovce, Donald. S. S. Clarksville, N. Y., 1919-21; pastor, 

]^92i 

Page 265. Broek. A. T. Newark, N. J., Clinton Ave., 1908-22; Mt. Vernon, 

N Y 1922 

Page 265. Broek, John. Muskegon, Mich., 3d, 1905-22 ; died March 31st. 

Page 274. Caliandro, Anthony. Ordained July 17, 1921. ,„,„„„ 

Page 274. Campbell, C. H. Wortendyke, N. J. ; Trinity, 1919-22 ; Jerse> 

City, N, J., Central Ave.. 1922 

Page 281. Clearwater, C. K. N. Y. C, Borough of Queens; Newtown, 1st, 

1894-1922 
Page 763. Cloo, Nicholas. W. T. S. 1922 ; 1. by Classis of Lake View, S. 

£) 1922 

Page 286. Condl't, C. B. Irvington, N. J., 2d, 1920-22 . 

Page 291. Cramer, H. Delaware, Lennox, S. D., 1920-21; Presbyterian, 

1921 

Page 763. Dalbergo, Altruro. Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Italian Mission, 1922—— 
Page 297. DeBoer, J. J. Licentiate, ordained by CI. N. B. May 2, 19Z<J ; 

Missionary to India, 1922 

Page 299. DeHollander, John A. Ghent, N. Y., 2d, 1922 

Page 300. DeJongh, J. Edgerton. Minn.. 1914-22. 

Page 763. Dirks, Eilert, C. C, 1919 : N. B. S. 1922. „„ ^, , ^ 

Page 315. Droppers, O. G. Muskegon Heights, Mich., 1920-22 ; Cleveland. 

O., Calvary, 1922 

Page 323. Dyke, Jacob. (Pres. Pairton, N. J., 1922; Cold Springs, 1922—— 
Page 763. Everts, Wm. R. W. T. S., 1922; 1. by CI. of Bethel Davis, S. D., 

1922 

Page 337. French. L. H. Hurley, N. Y., 1920-22; Sec. College Y. M. C. A., 

Rutgers College. 1922 ^ . 

Page 763. Hakken, Bernard D. W. T. S., 1922 ; Missionary to Arbaia. 

1922 

Page 369. Hotaling, Burton J. Died May 1st, 1922. 

Page 372. Hunter. David M. Congregational, Mass., 1910 . died April 

23rd, 1922. .„ ^, ^ 

Page 763. Kortleing, R. G. N. B. S., 1922; 1. by CI. Montville, N. J.. 

1922 

Page 387. Kramer, G. CI. Missionary CI. of Germania. 1916-22; Brustow, la., 

1922 

Page 387. Kroesche, F. H.. b. Billerbeck, Germany, Oct. 20, 1861 ; came to 

America, 1889; Elim, 111.. 1915-22; died April 2d. 
Page 388. Kroodsma, R. Clymer Hill. N. Y., 1919-22. ^ , ^ 

Page 388 and 576. Kruvs-Voorberge. J. P. J., Middleburg Col., Neth ; W. T. 

S., 1912. etc. „ .^ 

Page 763. Kuizenga, Eldred C. W. T. S., 1922; 1. by CI. Grand Rapids, 

Mich. : Zion, 1922 

Page 394. Leeper. J. L Born 1855: died April 8. 1922. ^ ^ 

Page 763. Linnemann, A. W. T. S., 1922; 1. by CI. of Scotland, S. D.. 

1922 



78o 



ADDENDA 



Page 395. Lepeltak, C. Forestville, Wis., 1919-22; Vesper, Wis., 1922 

Page 762. (Livingston, T. S. S. Greenville, N. Y., 1920 ) 

Page 763. Maat, Garret H. W. T. S., 1922 ; 1. by CI. of Ustick, Spring Val- 
ley, 111., 1922 

Page 763. McLean, Edwin Paul. H. C, 1918; N. B. S., 1922; 1. by CI. of 

N. B. ; Rockaway, Whitehouse, N. J., 1922 

Page 423. Mertz, J. E. Port Jervis, (Deerpark), N. Y., 1920-22; Paterson, 

N. J., 1st, 1922— 
Page 429. Miller, A. J. Schoharie, N. Y., 1921-22 — Episcopalian. 
Page 763. Moore, John S. H. C, 1917 ; N. B. S., 1922. 

Page 763. Mulder, Bernie. W. T. S., 1922; Muskegon Heights, Mich.; Cov- 
enant, 1922 

Page 435. Mulder, J. B. Raritan ; 2d Somerville ; Assistant 1920-23; Irv- 

ington, N. J., 1922. 
Page 437. Muyskens, Arie. la. Col. 1906; W. T. S., 1909, etc. 
Page 442. Olandt, C. Blawenburg, N. J., 1921-22; Lincoln Park, N. J., 1922. 
Page 442. Oldenburger, T. W. T. S., 1914, etc. 
Page 444. Ossewardie, John. Ebenezer, Leighton, la., 1918-22; Marion, N. 

Y., 2d, 1922 

Page 763. (Pohling, D. A., LL.D. Associate Preacher, N. Y. C. Borough 

of Manhattan, Marble Collegiate, 1922 ) 

Page 460. Rearick, Wm. R. Philadelphia, Pa., Talniage Memorial, 1909- 

22; (Pres. Philadelphia, Mutchmore. 1922 ) 

Page 763. Reynolds, Stanley C. Prom Vermont Baptist Association, Stuv- 

vesant Palls, N. Y. ; (S. S. ) 1921-2; Pastor, 1922 

Page 763. Robertson, George I. (Jr.). N. B. S., 1922; Annandale, N. J., 

1922 

Page 478. Schilstra, E. S. Doon, la.. 1913-22; Rotterdam, Kan, 1922 

Page 763. Schmidt, Johann. C. C, 1919 ; N. B. S., 1922. 

Page 482. Scholten, G. B. New Hurley, N. Y., 1916-22; Lawyersville and 

Sharon, N. Y., 1922 

Page 763. Schoon, Heix-i E. H. C, 1915; N. B. S., 1922. 

Page 498. Seso, A. A. Wynantskill, N. Y., 1919-22; Ghent, N. Y., 1st, 

1922 

Page 498. Severance, C. M. S. S., Long Island City, 2d (Sunny Side), 

1919-22. 
Page 499. Shield, P. K. (Sr.). Bogota, N. J., Bogart Memorial, Assistant, 

1919-22 ; Missionary, Classis of Bergen, 1922 

Page 499. Shield, P. K. (Jr.). Coxsackie, N. Y., 2d, 1919-22. 

Page 763. Smith, A. B. W. N. B. S., 1922 ; Greenbush. N. Y., 1922 

Page 507. Steininger, G. N. Y. C, Borough of Bronx, Mott Haven, 1922 

Steketee, John B. Missionary, Classis of Ulster, 1922 

Page 514. Suit, E. C. Dismissed to Classis of Tiffin, O., Ref. Ch. U. S., April 

18th, 1922. 
TerBorg, John. W. T. S., 1922 ; Missionary to Japan. 
Page 539. Vanden Heuvel, A. J. Twin Lakes, Mich., 1920-22. 

Page 542. Vander Schaaf, J. Leota, Minn., 1916-22; Denver, Col., 1922- • 

Page 763. Van Wagenen, Reller D. R. C, 1918; N. B. S., 1922; Inter- 

laken, N. Y., 1922 

Page 597. Wirth, A. E. N. Y. C, Borough of Manhattan, German. 4th. 

1919-22; Raritan, N. J., 4th, 1922 

Page 599. Wormser, "Wm. Died Feb. 5, 1922. 

Page 602. Young, P. P. Name removed from roll of Classis. South Long 

Island, at his own request. Jan. 9th, 1922. 
Page 603. Zabriskie, A. A. Pastor Emeritus, Bloomington, N. Y., 1919-22 ; 

died April 29th. 

III. CHURCHES. 

Page 609. Amsterdam, N. Y., Trinity. Adams, T., 1922 

Page 609. Annandale, N. J. Robertson, G. I. (Jr.), 1922 

Page 610. Arabia. Hakken, B. D.. Missionary to. 

Page 611. Archer, la. Benis, L. H., 1922 

Page 614. Bethel. Davis, S. D. Everts, W. R.. 1922 

Page 614. Bethel, Leota, Minn. Vander Schaaf, J. J., 1916-22. 

Page 614. Blawenburg, N. J. Olandt, C, 1921-22. 

Page 615. Bogota, Bogart Memorial. Shield, P. K. (Sr.), Associate, 1919-22. 

Page 624. Clarksville, N. Y. Boyce, Donald, S. S.. 1919-21 ; Pastor, 1921 

Page 628. Coxsackie, N. Y., 2d. Shield, P. K. (Jr.), 1919-22. 

Page 629. Delaware, Lennox, S. D. Cramer, H., 1920-21. 

Page 630. Denver, Col. Vander Schaaf, J. J., 1922 

Page 630. Doon, la. Schilstra. E. S., 1913-22. 

Page 632. Edgerton, Minn. DeJongh, J.. 1914-22. 

Page 632. Elim, III. Kroesche, P. H.. 1915-22. 

Page 633. Pairview (Bristow), la. Wubbena, A., 1918-20. Kramer, G., 

1922 

Page 634. Florida, N. Y. Bettn, D. L., 1920-22. 

Page 635. Porrestville. Wis. Lepeltak, C, 1919-22. 



ADDENDA 78 1 

Page 638. Ghent, N. Y., 2d, DeHoUender, J. A., S. S., 1922 

Page 640. Grand View, Armour, S. D. Benes, L. H., 1916-22 

Page 641. Greenbush, N. Y. Smith, A. B. W., 1922 

Page 643. Harrington Park, N. J., Adams, T., 1917-22 

Page 647. Hurley, N. Y. French, L. H., 1920-22. 

Page 647. Hyde Park, East Orange, N. J. Bishop, E. H., 1922 

Page 651. Irvington, N. J., 2d. Condit, C. B., 1920-22; Mulder, J. B., 

Page 654. Japan. DeBoer, J. J., Missionary to. 
Japan. Ter Borg, John. Missionary to. 

Page 655. Jersey City, N. J. Central Ave., Campbell, C. H., 1922 

Page 656. Jersey City, N. J, West Side. Church dropped from roll April 

Page 658. Kingston. N. Y., 1st. Boeve, L,., 1922 

Page 659. Lake View, S. D. Cloo, N., 1922 

Page 660. Lawyersville. N. Y. Scholten, G. B., 1922 

Page 660. Lincoln Park, N. J. Olandt, C, 1922. 

Page 664. Mellenville. N. Y. Be.seigel. W E 1919-21 " 

Page 666. Montville, N. J. Korteling, R. G., 1922 

Page 667. Muskegon Heights, Covenant. Droppers, O. G., 1920-22 • Mulder 

B.. 1922 

Page 670. New Hurley, N. Y. Scholten. G. B., 1916-22. 

Page 679. N. Y. C , Borough of Manhattan, German Evangelical, 4th. Wirth 

A. P., 1919-22. 

Page 681. N. Y. C, Borough of Bronx, Mott Haven. Steininger, G. 1929 

Page 684. N. Y. C, Borough of Brooklyn, Greenwood Heights. Beseigel, W. 

E., 1922 

Page 685. N. Y. C, Borough of Queens. Newtown, 2d. Bosshart, J. G., 

Page 685. N. Y. C, Borough of Queens, Long Island City, 2d, (Sunnvside). 
Severance, C. M., (S. S.), 1919-22 

Page 692. Paterson, N. J., 1st. Mertz, J. E., 1922 

Page 696. Port Jervis, N. Y,, (Deerpark). Mertz, J. E., 1920-22. 

■r, ,.«n Poughkeepsie, N. Y., Italian Mission. Dalbergo, Altruro, 1922. 

Page 698. Raritan, Somerville, 2d. Mulder, J. B. ; Assistant, 1920-22 

Page 698. Raritan, N. J.. 4th. Wirth, A. P., 1922 

Page 700. Rockaway, Whitehouse. N. J. McLean E P 192'' 

Page 701. Rotterdam, Kan. Schilstra, E. S.. 1922 

Page 705. Schoharie. N. Y. Miller A J 1921-2'' 

Page 706. Sharon, N. Y. Scholten. G. B 1922 ^ 

Page 710. Stuyvesant Palls, N. Y. Reynolds, S. C, S. S., 1921-2; Pastor, 

Page 711. Tarrytown, N. Y.. 2d. Boeve. L., 1914-22 

Page 713. Twin Lakes. Mich. Vanden Heuvel. A. J., 1920-22 

Page 714. Ustick. Spring Valley, 111. Maat, G. H., 1922 

Page 714. Vesper, Wis. Lepeltak. C, 1922 

Page 720. Wortendyke, N. J., Trinity. Campbell, C. H., 1919-22. 



702 ERRATA 

Errata 

Page 429. At the top of the page, under the heading Michaelius. the sen- 
tence should read : "For the letter discovered at a latter time, 
see "Manhattan in 1628 as Described in the Recently Dis- 
covered Autograph Letter of Jonas Michaelius,' D. Versteeg, 
New York, 1904." 

Page 249. Bender, August Ferdinand. It should be. Bender. August George. 

Pages 375, 616, 721. Rev. H. C. Jacobs remains at Brighton, Rochester, N. 
Y., declining the call to Zeeland, Mich., 1st. 

Page 576. Voerman, Arthur, licensed by the Classis of Passaic, not by that 
of Monmouth. 

Addenda et Errata closed June 8th, 1922. 



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