h^ CORNELb qtr.c- UNIVERSITY S? LIBRARVi m , Cornell University Library BX9515.C83 1879 A manual of the Reformed church in Amerl 3 1924 008 113 254 Cornell University Library The original of tiiis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924008113254 Grainmar Scliool. V.m Xest Hall.— (Hi.M^ii.) Geological Hall. Middle Colletfe. Kirkpatrick Cliapel. President's Huiiie. Astronoinioal Observatory. VIEW OF RUTGERS COLLEGE AND GROUNDS, AT NEW BRUNSWICK, N. J., 1879. A MANUAL x\\ mt\im. (ITOKMEKLT KEP. PKOT. DUTCH CHURCH.) 1628-1878. EDWAED TANJOEE COEWIN, D.D., PASTOH AT MILLSTONE, N. J. Thied Edition, Ebvisbd ANb Enlarged. NEW-YORK : Board op Publication op the Repormed Chltjch in Ajibirica, 34 Vesbt Street. 1879. First Edition, 1839, 1000 Copies. Second Edition, 1869, lOOO Copies. Third Edition, 1879, electrotyped ; first issue, JOOO Copies. Entered, according to Act of Congresn, in tlie year 1879, by EIOHAKD BEINKBEHOFF, On bebalf of the Board of Publication of the Reformed Church in America, in the Clert's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of New-Yorli. S. W. Qbeen's Sou, Agent, FRINTEE AND ELECTEOTYPER, 16 and 18 Jacob Street, ,^*'*^*~^^''^' New-York. PREFACE TO THE THIRD EDITION. The present edition of this Mandal covers the history of the Reformed Church in America for the first 250 years of its existence. Besides a brief Introduction upon the Reformed Church in general. Part Fikst contains a General Hulory of the rise and progress of the American-Dutch Church in colonial times ; its struggles with the English Governors in their attempts to establish Episcopacy by law ; its own internal commotions in its efforts after ecclesiastical independence, with its subsequent general progress and development in its constitution and ecclesiastical organizations, its educa- tional institutions, and its missionary operations at home and abroad. Part Second treats of the Ministry in particular. It is in substance a biographical dictionary, containing the names of all who have officiated in this branch of the Reformed Church, with the chief data of their lives, and about 300 characteristic memoirs compiled or expressly prepared for this work. References to the historical authorities are given, with the publica- tions of those who have become authors. Similar information is given con- cerning the ministers of the Reformed Church in the United States (Qermau Reformed) dnring the period that they remained under the Classis of Amster- dam, or until 1793. Part Thikd treats of the Ohurclies in particular, giving their names in alphabetical order, their dates of organization and pastorates, with referen«es to the local histories, where such exist. Chronological lists of ministers and churches are also added. An article on church architecture by Professor T. S. Doolittle, D.D., of Kew-Brunswick, expressly prepared for this work, with a number of illus- trations, wUl add, it is believed, a peculiar interest to this edition. The au- thor is also indebted to him for the new and beautiful plate of Rutgers College. In collecting the materia] , not only have the general histories and me- morial sermons been consulted, but circulars were sent to all the pastors. These received very general and kind responses. Tliusthe greatest possible accuracy, it is believed, has been secured. Many of the sketches are con- densations of articles which have appeared in the periodicals of the Chiwcli. The voluminous Amsterdam Correspondence, (1628-1776,) embracing more IV PEEFACE TO THE TIIIBD EDITION. tlian 1000 letters and documents, wliich lias recently been translated, Las been faitbf ally consulted. The autbor takes tbis opportunity of returning bis thanks to the many brethren who have assisted bim in tbis work. Their names are generally appended to their articles. He returns thanks to the Collegiate Church of Xew-Y'ork and to the several individuals who have allowed him the iise of steel-plates or woodcuts belonging to them ; and especially to Dr. David Cole for the beautiful steel-plate of his venerated father ; to Rev. A. E. Myers for the steel-plate, secured by him, of the late lamented Dr. Inglis, and to the several pastors who have secured the views of the church edifices which adorn this work. The volume has grown far beyond the size originally allotted to it. It was the author's design to add the bibliography relating to all branches of the Church of Christ in Eastern New-York and New-Jersey, and to give an account of the material in the archives of the General Synod, but space forbade. Millstone, N.J., June 1, 1870. TABLE OF OOS'TENTS. INTRODUCTION. Origin and nevelopmont of the Refonned Chnrcli : 1. Protestantism vs. Romanism. 2. Tlie Reformed Church r^. the Lutheran Church. 3. History of the Reformed Church io General. 4. The Faith of the Reformed Church. 5. The Influence of this Faith. 6. The Reformed Church in Holland Ix-iiv PART I. The History op the Refokmed Church 1-lSO Chapter I.— The Transplanting of the Reformed Church to America.— The Batch Colony in New-Netherland.— The Planting of the Church.— Letter of llichaelius.— The Church during the Eole of the West-India Company, 1628-(i4 1 CuAPTEB II.— The English Conquest— First Decade under English Rule.— The Struggle of th© Church with the English Governors in their Attempts to Establish Episcopacy by Law. — Leisler's Usurpation. — The Ministry Act, lb93. — The Partial Success of the Church against an Episcopal Establishment, in the Church Charters Wrested from the Governors.— The Partial Success of the Governors in Establish- ing Episcopacy, by a Lame Law, over a small Portion of their Territory, 1665-1705. 13 Chapter III.— The Period of Revival and Holy Aspirations after Independence, 1705-54.— The Generation Preceding the Reqnest for a Coetus, 1705-S7.— The Ger- man and Swiss Branch of the Reformed Chnrch, 1684-1737.— The Request for a Coetus and the Delay, 1737^7.- The Coetus, 1747-54.— The Reformed Church lamongthe Germans, 1737-50 23 Chapter IT.— The Struggleof the Dutch Church for Independence.— The Cause of Edu- cation.— The Disruption of the Church.- Its Remote Causes.— Secession from the Coetus in order to Found a Divinity Professorship for the Dutch in an Episcopal College.— Opposition to this Scheme.— The Success and Failure of the said Pro- fessorship.— The Assumption of Independence by the Coetus.— Their Desire to Found a University.— Complaint against Ritzema.— His Reply 33 Chapter V.— The Divided Church.— The Conferentie, or Ministerial Conference, ts. the Coetus, or the American Classis, 1755-64.— Frelinghuysen's Mission to Holland, 1759, to secure Fnnds for a University.— Failure of the Scheme.— The Controversy carried on by Pamphlets, 1761-5. —EflEorts for Union. —Their Failure, 1764.— Formal Organization of the Conferentie Assembly.— Tardy Introduction of the English Language.— Laidlic.— Translation of the Symbols by the Church of New- Tork.- English Psalmody.— The Lawsuit over English Preaching.- The Con- ferentie as an Organized Bodj-, 1764-71.— Persecution of Meyer 45 Chapter VI.— Reunion of the Two Parties.— Independence gained de facto, but not £?«./«»•«. — Providence.— John H. Livingston. — Dr. Witherspoon. — Charter of Queens College.- Fulton Street Church.- The Union Convention, 1771.— The Articles of Union.— Their Approval by the Oassis of Amsterdam 50 Chattep. VII.— The Transitional Period.— First Efforts.- The Revolution.— Transla- tion of the Symbols and Articles of Church Government by Synodical Authority.— Explanatory Articles.— German Church '. C3 Chapter ^^II.— The General Progress of the Dutch Church after 1792 : 1. History of the Constitution. 2. Ecclesiastical Bodies: (1) Churches. (S) Classes. (3) Synods. 3. The Educational Institutions. 4. The Missionary Boards : (1) The Work at Home ; The True Reformed Dutch Church ; The Immigrant Churches, 1847. (3) The Work Abroad 7g Chapter IX.— Rutgers College ' ] gg VI TABLE OP COIfTE:STS. CnAPTER X.— The Theological Seminary.— Preliminary Methods.— Unendowed Pro- fessorshipfl.— The Seminary at New-Brunswick. 1810 98 CHiPTER XI.— Union College at Schenectady 1)6 Chapter XII.— Hope College, Holland, Michigan 120 Chapter XIII.— The Theological Seminary in Hope College 123 Chapter Xrv.— Domestic Missions 129 Chapter XV.— Foreign Missions l.^io Chapter SVI.- Architecture 153 PART II. The Mehistrt 161 PAKT III. The Churches 571 Board of Educatios 64" APPENDIX. Widows' Fund 651 Chronological List op Ministers 657 Chronological List op Churches 670 Missionaries op the IlEPOBaiED (Dutch) Chubch .* 676 LIST OF ILLTJSTEATIOKS. PORTRAITS. PAGE Kev. G. W. Bethnno, D.D 179 Eev. Jacob Brodhead,D.D 196 Eev. Wm. C. BrowDlee, D.D 800 Eev. James S. Cannon, D.D 206 Kev. David Cole, D.D 814 Eev. Thomas De Witt, D.D 239 Eev. Wm. E. Gordon, D.D 285 Eev. John Gosman, D.D 2S7 Eev. David Inglis, DJD 317 Eev. John Knox, D.D 331 Eev. Isaac Labagh, D.D 337 Eev. JohnH. Livingston, D.D 352 Eev. GilesH. Mandeville, D.D 365 Eev. Henry Ostrander, D.D 3S6 Eev. Ab. Polhemus, D.D 433 Eev. Elbert S. Porter, D.D 407 Eev. Peter Stryker, DJ) 4?o Eev. Isaac N. Wyckoff,D.D 561 CHURCH BXHLDINGS. 1693. New-Tork City, Garden Street 21 1700. New-Utrecht, L.1 571 1715. Albany 571 1729. New-York City, Cedar Street 616 1769. New-Tork City, Fulton Street 333 1773. New-Paltz 614 irra. Bergen 320 1799. Albany IBl 1812. New-Brunswick 441 1813. New-Tork City, Gardta Street 620 1854. New-Tork City, Fifth. Avenue and Twenty-ninth Street 635 1868. Port Jervis 153 1868. New-Tork City, Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street 155 1868. Schenectady, First 167 1870. Williamaburgh, L.I 573 19T0. New-Tork City, Madison Avenue 278 1873. Newark, Clinton Avenue, N.J 480 1875. Union, at Greenwich, N.T 641 1878. Weat-Troy 471 1878. Interior view of Twenty-eighth Street Church at the celebration cf the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary 20a INSTITUTIONS. Eutgers College at New-Brunewick. F7tmtifpiece Theological Seminary at New-Brunswick ICl INTRODUCTION I -ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE REFORMED CHURCH. 1.— PROTESTANTISM vs. EOMANISM. The Reformation was originally neither a political, nor a philosophical, nor a literary, but a religious and moral movement. It started with the practical question : How can the troubled conscience find pardon and peace, and become sure of personal salvation ? It retained from the Catholic system all the objective doctrines of Christianity, concerning the Trinity and the divine-human character and work of Christ — in fact, all the articles of faith contained in the Apostles' and other oecumenical creeds of the early Church. But it joined issue with the prevailing system of religion in soteriology, or iu the doctrines relating to subjective experimental Christianity, especially the justification of the sinner before God, the true character of faith, good works, the rights of conscience, and the rule of faith. It asserted the principle of evangelical freedom as laid down in the epistles of Paul to the Romans and Galatians, in opposition to the system of outward le\EW-AMSTEEDAjr, Aug. 11, 1628. Honorable Sir, WeUieloved BroOier in Christ. Kind Friend! DE VEEDE CHEISTr . The favorable opportunity, which now presents itself of writing to you. Eight Reverend Sir, I caunot let pass, without embracing it, according to my promise. And I first unburden myself in this communication of a sorrowful circumstance. It has pleased the Lord, seven weeks after we arrived in this country, to take from me my good partner, who has been to me, for more than sixteen years, a virtuous, faithful, and in every respect amiable yoke- fellow, and I find myself with three children very much discommoded with- out her society and assistance. But what have I to say? The Lord himself has done this, in which no one can oppose Him. AVheref ore I should also be willing, knowing that all things must work together for good to those who love God. I hope therefore to bear my cross patiently, and by the grace and help of the Lord, not to let the courage fail me which I stand in need of in my particular duties. The voyage continued long, namely, from the 24tli of January till the Ttli of April, when we first set our foot upon this land. Of storm and tempest wc have had no lack, particularly about the Bermudas and the rough coasts of this country, the which fell hard upon the good wife and children, but they bore it better as regards sea-sickness and fear, than I had expected. Our far! * JIairaal of 1809, p. 3. 4 THE EEFOKSIED CHUECH IN A3IEEICA. in tlie ship was very poor and scanty, so that my blessed wife and eliildren, not eating witli us in tlae cabin, on account of the little room in it, had a worse lot than the sailors themselves ; and that by reason of a wicked cook who annoyed them in every way ; but especially by reason of the captain himself, who, although I frequently complained of it iu the most courteous, manner, did not concern himself in the least, about correcting the rascal : nor did he, even when they were all sick, give them any thing which could do them any good, although there was enough in the ship ; though he himself knew very well where to find it in order, out of meal times, to fill his own belly. All the relief which he gave us consisted merely in liberal promises, with a drunken head, which promises nothing followed when he was sober, but a sour face, and thus has he played the brute against the oflBcers and kept himself constantly to the wine, both at sea and especially here in the [North] river ; so that he has navigated the ship daily with a wet sail and an empty head, coming ashore seldom to the Council and never to the public Divine Service. "We bore all with silence on board the ship ; but it grieves me, when I think of it, on account of my wife ; the more, because she was placed as she was, — not knowing whether she was pregnant, and because the time was so short which she had yet to live. In my first voyage* I traveled much with him, yea, lodged in the same hut, but never knew that he was such a brute and drunkard. But he was then under the direction of Mr. Lam, and now he had the principal direction himself. I have also written to Mr. Godyn about it, considering it necessary that it should be known. Our coming here was agreeable to all, and I hope, by the grace of the Lord, that my services will not be unfruitful. The people, for the most part, are all free, somewhat rough, and loose, but I find in most all of them both love and respect towards me ; two things with which hitherto the Lord has every where graciously blessed my labors, and which will produce us fruit iu our special calling, as you. Eight Reverend, yourself, well know and find. We have first established the form of a church (gemeente ;) and, as Brother Bastiaen Crol very seldom comes down from Fort Orange, because the direc- torship of that fort and the trade there is committed to him; it has been thought best to choose two Elders for my assistance and for the proper con- sideration of all such ecclesiastical matters as might occur, intending the coming year, if the Lord permit, to let one of them retire, and to choose another in his place from a double number first lawfully presented by the congregation. One of those whom we have now chosen is the Honorable Director himself, and the other is the store-keeper of the Company, Jan Huy- ghen, his brother-in-law, persons of very good character, as far as I have been able to learn ; having both been formerly in office in the church, the one as Deacon and the other as Elder in the Dutch and French Churches, re- spectively, at Wesel. We have had at the first administration of the Lord's Supper full fifty com- municants — not without great joy and comfort for so many — Walloons and Dutch ; of whom, a portion made their first confession of faith before us, and * To Brazil. THE EEFOEilED CHURCH IX AilEEICA. 5 Others exhibited tlieir cliurcli certiScates. Otliers ]iad forgotten to bring their certificates witli tliem, not thinking that a church would be formed and established here ; and some, who brought them, had lost them unfortunately in a general conflagration, but they were admitted upon the satisfactory tes- timony of others to whom they were known and also upon their dailj' good deportment, since we can not observe strictly all the usual formalities in making a beginning under such circumstances. We administer the Holy Sacrament of the Lord once in four months, provi- sionally until a larger number of people shall otherwise require. The Wal- loons and French have no service on Sundays, otherwise than in the Dutch lan- guage, of which they understand very little. A portion of the Walloons are going back to Fatherland, either because their years here are expired, or also because some are not very serviceable to»the Company. Some of them live far away and could not come on account of the heavy rains and storms, so that it was neither ad.visable nor was it possible, to appoint any special ser- vice for so small a number with so much uncertainty. Nevertheless, the Lord's Supper was administered to them in the French language and accord- ing to the French mode, with a preceding discourse, which I had before me in writing, as I could not trust myself extemporaneously. If in this and in other matters yon. Right Reverend, and the Reverend Brothers of the Consis- tories, who have special superintendence over us here,* deem it necessary to bestow upon us any correction, instruction or good advice, it will be agreeable to us and we will thank you, Right Reverend, therefor ; since we must have DO other object than the glory of God in the building up of his kingdom and the salvation of many souls. I keep myself as far as practicable within the pale of my calling, wherein I find myself sufficiently occupied. And although OUT small consistory embraces at the most — when Brother Crol is down here, — not more than four persons, all of whom, myself alone excepted, have also public business to attend to, I still hope to separate carefully the ecclesiastical from the civil matters, which occur, so that each one will be occupied with his own subject. And though many things are mixti generis, and political and ecclesiastical persons can greatly assist each other, nevertheless the mat- ters and offices tending together must not be mixed, but kept separate, ia order to prevent all confusion and disorder. As the Council of this place con- sists of good people, who are, however, for the most part simple and have little experience in public affiiirs, I would have little objection to serve them in any serious or dubious affair with good advice, provided I considered myself capa- ble and my advice should be asked ; in which case I suppose that I would not do amiss, or be suspected by any one of being a i=" THE KEFOBMEU CHUECH IN AMEEICA. 15 count of his scandalous life.* (Van Kbkssklabr, Van Nieuwbnhdt- SEN.) Twelve years Lad passed away since the original surrender, and only one regular minister had come from Holland. Only three were now in the country, (1676.) Two had died, and two had returned home^ The Episco- palians had only a single clergyman, the chaplain of the troops. The dearth of gospel privileges was severely felt. The Dutch and English of King."!- tou,f therefore, petitioned the Governor to find means for the ordination of young Tesschenmaeker, a licensed Bachelor of Divinity of the University of Utrecht, who had been serving them, and who could use both languages. But the Governor was wary of meddling so soon again in church affairs, re- membering the matter of Van Rensselaer. No response appears. After a visit of Tesschenmaeker for a couple of years to Guiana, the people of New- Castle, Delaware, requested the Dutch clergy to form a Classis and ordain him. The ministers were disposed to help this people to the gospel, and the Governor was disposed to strengthen his distant colony. He therefore now ventured, understanding the general feeling, to authorize and direct the clergy to do this. Accordingly, Van Nieuwenhuysen, Schaats, Van Gaasbeek, and Van Zuuren, (the two latter having recently arrived, and Polhemus having recently died,) actually formed a Classis, (1679,) and ex- amined and ordained this proponent as a minister for New-Castle ; and the proceedings of this first ecclesiastical body, convened at the call of an Epis- copal Governor, were subsequently approved by the Classis of Amsterdam. | But did these American ministers, in accepting the ratification of their act, acknowledge their want of right to organize independently and perform ecclesiastical acts for themselves? And was this the beginning of that humiliating subordination of the American churches, and of that claimed prerogative of the European Classis, which, seventy-five years later, pro- duced the great discussion which divided the Church 1 Thirty years later Domines Dubois and Antonides refused to obey an order of Governor Nicholson to ordain Van Vleck. And Domine Eoehm, of the German church in Pennsylvania, when requesting ordination under the most press- ing circumstances, only received it after express permission (1739) from the Classis of Amsterdam. The liberal government of William Penn, (1680,) in which the people were allowed representation, made the people of New- York clamorous for greater franchises. ' They wanted a popular Assembly as well as a Gover- nor and Council. The Duke promised these to the people, and actually signed a most liberal " Charter of Liberties" for New-York, under which, provisionally, the assemblies were held ; but when he became king he re- * Boc. Hist. iii. 526-638. Amst. Cor., Letts. 169V^, 17a. For Bishop of London's memo- rial respecting the abuses which have crept into the churches in the plantations, see Col. Hist. iii. S53. Gov. Atidros' account of affairs in N.Y, Col. Hist. Iii. S54, 260-4. Soo. Hist. i. 60. Brodhead's If. Y. ii. 313. t Doc. Hist. iii. 583. XAmst. Cor., Letts. 178, 179, ISO, 183, 189. 16 THE EEFORMED CHUKCII IX AMEEICA. pealed the charter. Pending these circumstances, Domine Selyns* had le- turned to America to take the place of the departed Van Niewenhuysen. He possessed, in an eminent degree, that rare combination of faculties ■which unites the zeal of the preacher, seeking the salvation of souls, with the prudence of the presbyter, looking after the temporalities of the church. He was systematic, energetic, and industrious in his ministerial and pastoral duties. He was the chief of the early ministers to enlarge the usefulness of the Church, and to secure for it a permanent and inde- pendent foundation. He was of a catholic spirit, when liberality was not BO common, speaking kindly of other denominations and rejoicing in their success. His amiable character endeared him to all around him. He was on terms of friendship with the heads of government, and in correspondence with distinguished men in the neighboring colonies. He was also a poet, versifying in both Latin and Dutch. Cotton Mather remarks of him : "He had so nimble a faculty of putting his devout thoughts into verse that he signalized himself by the greatest frequency, perhaps, which ever man used, of sending poems to all persons, in all places, on all occasions ; and in this, as well as upon greater accounts, was a David unto the flocks of our Lord in the wilderness." The Honorable Henry C. Murphy, of Brooklyn, has published an elegant biography of him. (<&« Murphy's Aniholoffj/ of Mew- Wetlierland.) (Oct., 1683.) In writing to the Classis of Amsterdam, Selyns gave an interesting account of provincial church affairs, alluding to the different churches and to the ministers then in the country. Tesschenmaeker was at Schenectady ; Dellius, afterward famous in the great land grants, had just come over the sea to become the colleague of Schaats at Albany ; Week- stein was at Kingston, and Van Zuuren on Long Island. A stone parson- age was in course of erection in New- York, " three stories high, and raised on the foundation of unmerited love." Domine Petrus Daille, late professot at Salmurs, was preaching to the Huguenots in New- York. " He is full of fire, godliness, and learning. Banished on account of his religion, he main- tains the cause of Jesus Christ with untiring zeal." Rev. John Gordon officiated in the fort for the English, and Daille followed him for the French ; but Selyns himself hedged about both these services by two sermons in Dutch. Governor Dongan had recently arrived— a polite and friendly man, who had called on Selyns and informed him that the Duke intended to allow full liberty of conscience.f " What is to be done for the good of our country • Feb. 21, 16S1, an act was passed permitting the E.D.C. of N.T. to call Selyus. Nov. 15, 16S2, an act was passed permitting the building of a parsonage. Amst. Cor., Let. 222>5. t Col. Dongan was commissioned by James, Duke of York, Sept. 30, 16S2, to be Govenior of N.Y. and N.J. See Commission in Col. Mst. iii. 338. After James succeeded to the throne, the following instruction were sent to Gov. Dongan concerning religion, dated May 29, 1636 : "31. Ton shall take especiall care that God Almighty bee devoutly and duely served throughout yov Government : the Book of Common Prayer, as it is now establisht, read each Sunday and Holyday, and the Blessed Sacrament administered according to the Eites of the Church of England. You shall be careful that the Churches already built there shall bee well and orderly kept and more built as ye Colony shall, by God's blessing, bee im- TUE KEFOllMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 17 agd ChurcTi will be made manifest in the approaching Assembly, wliich is snmmoned to devise reasonable laws for us and our posterity." proved. And that besides a competent maintenance to bee assigned to ye Minister of each Church, a convenient House bee built at the ComOu charge for each Minister, and a compe- tent Proportion of Land assigned him for a Glebe and exercise of his Industry. " 33. And you are to take care that the Parishes bee so limited & setled as you shall find most convenient for ye accomplishing this good work. " 33. Our will and x>leasure is that noe minister bee preferred by you to any Ecclesiastical Benefice in that Our Province, without a Certificate from ye most Keverend the Lord Arch- biship of Canterbury of his being conformable to ye Doctrine and Diacipliue of the Church of England, and of a good life, & conversation. "31 And it any person preferre<^alr(jady to a Benefice shall appear to you to give scandal either by his Doctrin or Manners, you arc to use the best means for ye removal of him ; and to supply the vacancy in such manner as wee have directed. And alsoe our pleasure is that, jn the direction of all Church Affairs, the Minister bee admitted into the respective vcstrys. "35. And to th' end the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction of the said Archbishop of Canterbury make take place in that Our Province as farr as conveiiieuUy may bee. Wee doe think fitt that you give all countenance and encouragement in ye exercise of the same ; excepting only the Collating to Benefices, granting licences for Marriage, and Probat of Wills, which wee have reserved to you our Govr & to ye Commander in cheif for the time being. " 36. And you are take especial care, that a Table of marriages established by ye Canons of the Church of England, bee hung up in all Orthodox Churches and duly observed. " 37. And you are to take care that Books of Homilys & Books of the 39 Articles of ye Church of England bee disposed of to every of ye said Churches, & that they bee only kept and usedthei'ein. "33. And wee doe further direct that noe Schoolmaster bee henceforth permitted to come from England & to keep school within Our Province of New- York, without the license of the said Archbishop of Canterbury ; And that noe other person now there or that shall come from other parts, bee admitted to keep school without your license first had. '' 39. You are to take care that Brunkencss and Debauchery, Swearing and blasphemy bee severely punisht ; And that none bee admitted to publick trust & Imijloymt whose ill fame & conversation may bring scandal thereupon. "43. You shall permit all persons of what Religion soever quietlj' to inhabit within yor Government without giving them any disturbance or disquiet whatsoever for or by reason of their differing Opinions in matters of Religion Provided they give noe disturbance to ye publick peace, nor doe molest or disquiet others in ye free Exercise of their Religion " Col. Hist. 2T. Y. iii. 373-3. In his new commission from James as king, dated June 10, 1686, the following authority is given : " And wee doe, by these presents authorize and impowcr you to collate any persou or per. eons iu any churches, chapells, or other Ecclesiastical Benefices -within our said Province and Territorys aforesaid as often as any of them shall happen to bee void." iii. 379. " And wee doe by these presents will, require and command you to take all possible care for the Discountenance of Vice and encouragement of Virtue and good living, that by such example the Infidels may bee invited and desire to partake of the Christian Religion.'' iii, 3S1. In the commission of Gov. Andros, Ap. 7, 1688, extending his authority from New-Eng_ land over New-York and New-Jersey, nothing is said about religion. Col. Hist. iii. 537. In the accompanying instructions, Ap. 16, 1038, the only reference to religion is the following {Col. Hist. iii. 546) : "You are to take care that drunkenness and debauchery, swearing and blasphemy, be severely piuiishcd ; and that none be admitted to publick trusts and imploj'ments whose ill fame and conversation may bring a scandall thereupon. "You are to permitt a liberty of conscience iu matters Oi religion to all persons, so lliey be contented with a quiet and peaceable enjoymt of it, pursuant to our gracious declaration bearing date the fourth day of April, iu the third year of our reign ; wch you are to cause to be duly observed and put in execution." 2 18 THE EEF0E3IED CIIUECII IN AilEElCA. LEISLER'S USUKrATION. We can only liere allude to the complicated entanglements wliioh fol- lowed the abdication of the papal James, and the accession of William and Mary to the throne of England. England received in William III. a Dutch king. The failure of speedy despatches authorizing the officials of James to continue ia office, together with the arrest of Governor Andros by the people of Boston, gave opportunity to a demagogue, the illiterate Leisler,* to usurp the government of New- York. He professed to do this in order to raise the standard of William and Mary, and to protect the cause of Protes- tantism. By his falsehoods and exaggerations concerning Catholicism, from which it was impossible that there should have been any danger to the province, he excited the prejudices of the lower classes, and almost a reio-n of terror, in which the Dutch clergymen were involved as liis oppo- nents, prevailed for nearly twd years, (1689-91.) Wliile the troubles and dangers to which the ministers were now subjected do not properly belong in the account of the aggressive policy of the English government in refer- eace to Episcopacy, yet they deserve a passing remark. When Governor Nicholson fled, and Leisler possessed the government de facto, the Dutch ministers still continued their opposition, and preached against his authority. This bitterly excited him, but Selyns committed no over act, bo that he was permitted to remain at his post, and was, for a time, the only Dutch min- ister on duty in the province. He was, however, in close communication and sympathy with the leaders of the opposition, and was under constant surveillance. His services in the church were interrupted by Leisler him- self, and his letters to Holland intercepted. Domine Dellius, of Albany, was summoned to appear in New-York for similar conduct, and a failure to recognize Leisler's authority. He secreted himself first in New-Jersey, and then on Long Island, and was for a time in Selyns' house in New- York. He afterward fled to Boston. Leisler charged him with being a principal actor in the French and Indian difficulties, and an enemy of the Prince of Orange, refusing to recognize the English Kevo- lution. He styles him a Cockaran minister, and says that he refused to celebrate thanksgiving day for the accession of William ; that he shut his door when the new king and queen were proclaimed. Dellius, however, wrote to England, representing Leisler's character in its true light. It was not hostility to the Prince of Orange which animated the Dutch clergy, but an unwillingness to recognize an illiterate usurper as Governor, under any pretense. Domine Varick, on Long Island, exhibited similar boldness. He was ■patient for a long time, but at length felt compelled to denounce the usurper. He found it necessary to flee to Delaware. On liis return he was -charged with being acquainted with a design to rescue the fort from Leisler. He was dragged by a force of armed men from his house, (1690-1,) and kept in confinement in the fort for sis months. He was charged also with Account of usurpation. Col. Hist. iii. 607-681 ; 716, 717 ; 733-753. THE EEFOKMED CIIUECII IX AMERICA. 19 speaking treasonable words against Leisler, and was sentenced to pay a fine of £80 by La Noy, a pretended judge, to be deposed from liis ministerial functions, and kept in prison until tlie fine was paid. Domine Selyns, with great magnanimity, offered himself and property as bail for Varick when ho was first imprisoned ; but he was refused, and threatened with imprison- ment himself. Varick was at length released without the payment of hi.s fine, but he ultimately died from the effects of his ill-treatment. Selyns rejoiced over Leisler's downfall, and preached a sermon on the occasion from the words of the Psalmist, "I had fainted, unless I had believed to see the goodness of the Lord in the land of the living." But his course divided his congregation, and his salary was withheld by some of them for several years. Selyns wrote to the Classis of Amsterdam that Domine Varick and himself had to exercise and endure more than could bo believed. Leisler and Milbourne, his son-in-law, were finally executed for treason and their estates confiscated ; but Queen Mary, the following year, in compassion, granted an order to restore them to their families. But the province was divided for several years into Leisleriaus and anti-Leislerians. Nine years after their execution (1698) Lord Bellomont, then Governor, against the protests of all the clergy of the city, of all denominations, and especially of the consistory, had their remains exhumed with great parade, and buried under the floor of the Dutch church in Garden Street. The Ministry Act. 1093. Colonel Sloughter,* who succeeded Leisler, died in four months. IIo brought over, however, a commission from King William to restore the Assembly, which was accordingly done, (1691.) Governor Fletcher,f imme- diately upon his arrival, (September, 1692,) recommended the Assembly to pass a bill for the setlling of a minislry. The Assembly, however, did not second his proposal, consisting mostly of Dutch members, and being strong- ly inclined to the Dutch language and the model of the Church in Holland. The Governor subsequently (March, 1693,) warmly rebuked them, saying, " Gentlemen, the first thing that I did recommend to you at our last meet- ing was to provide for a ministry, and nothing is done in it. There are none of you but what are big with the privileges of Englishmen and'Magna Charta, which is your right ; and the same law doth provide for the religion * Gov. SlOHghter's commission and instructions wcro almost identical, on religions sub- jects, with tlioso of Gov. Dongan. In paragraph 31, near bottom, it reads, " Maintenance to be assigned to the ministers of each Orthodox Church," etc. In paragraphs 3.3, 85, aud^ 38, " most Reverend Lord Archbishop of Canterbury " is substituted for " Eight Eev., the Bishop of London." In paragraph 42, " You shall permit all persons of wimtsoever religion whatever," except PBiiisis— these two words being added. Gov. Fletcher's instrnctions and commission as to religion are the same as Sloughtei's, Col. Hist, iii.8'31, 827, with one additional clause : " You are, with the assistanceof our Council, to And out the best means t3 facilitate and encourage theconversion of Negroes and Indians to the Christian religion,' p. 823. t His character described by Bellomont, Col. ifisMv. 828; Bellomont's accoun of "Min- istry Act,"' iv. 325. 20 THE EEFORMED CIIUECII IN AMERICA. of the Church of England, against Sabbath-breaking and all other pro- fanity. But aa you have made it last and postponed it this session, I hope you will begin -with it the next meeting, and do somewhat toward it «ifectually." * At the next session, (September, 1 G93,) the Governor labored to procure the establishment of a ministry throughout the colony and the erection of an English chapel. In reference to this matter he said : " I recommended to the former Assembly the settling of an able ministry, that the worship of God maybe observed among us, for I find that great and first duty very much neglected. Let us not forget that there is a God who made us, who will protect us if we serve him. This has been always the first thing I have recommended, yet the last in your consideration. I hope that you are all satisfied of the great necessity and duty that lies upon you to do this, as you expect his blessings upon your labors." The zeal of the Governor induced the house at last (September 13, 1693,) to appoint a committee of eight members to agree upon a scheme for settling a ministry in each respective precinct throughout the province. The bill, as presented, was debated and amended for a week ; and the act, as finally adopted, limited tlie establishment to certain parishes in four counties. When sent to the Governor, (September 21,) he returned it with the request to amend it, so as to invest him with an episcopal power of inducting every incumbent, adding to that part of the bill near the end, which gave the right of presentation to the people, these words, "And presented to the Governor to be approved and collated." But the house refused, declaring that " in the drawing of the bill they had had a due regard to fhat pious intent of settling a ministry for the benefit of the people." This exasperated Fletcher, and he at once broke up their session in an angry speech. Among other things, he said ; "Gentlemen, there is also a bill for the settling of a ministry in this city and some other counties of the government. In that thing you have shown a great deal of stiffness. You take upon you as if you were dictators. I ' sent down to you an amendment of three or four words in that bill, which, * Some dissenters, wishing to build a church at Jamaica, and not having the means, ap- plied to Governor Fletcher for assistance. He, perceiving that the Assembly were in favor of granting their request and settling a maintenance for ministers, thought it a lit opportu- nity to do something surreptitiously for the English Church. James Graham, the Speaker of the Assembly, was accordingly directed to draw np a bill prescribing the method of in- duction, so wording it that, though it might apply to dissenters, it could, with the help of the Governor, be made especially to subserve the Church of England. (Col. Hist. N.T. ». .321.) Bellomont writes, in 1698, that Fletcher took advantage of circumstances "to di- vide the people, by supposing a Dutch and English interest to be different here, and there- fore, under notion of a Church of England, to be put in opposition to the Dutch and French churches established here, he supported a few rascally English, who are a scandal to their nation and the Protestant religion, and here great opposers to the Protestant religion, and who joyned with him in the worst methods of gaiiie and severely nsed the Dutch, except some few merchants whoso trade is favored, who ought to have an equal benefit of the Eng- lish Government, who are most hearty for his present majesty, and who are a sober, indus- trious people, and obedient to the Government." (Col. Hist. iV. F. iii. 3S5.) Doc. Hist. N. Y. (4to ea.) iii. 118-206, contains an account of the contest respecting the tithe law in Queens Co. N.Y. THE OLD SOUTH CHURCH IN GARDEN STREET. BUILT IN 1693. 1693-1813. THE EEFOKltED CHURCH IX AMERICA. 21 though very immaterial, yet was positively denied. ... It seeras very unmannerly. There never was an amendment yet desired by tlio Council Board hut what was rejected. It is the sign of a stubborn ill temper But, gentlemen, I must take leave to tell you, if you seem to understand tliat none can serve without your collation or estab- lishment, you are far mistaken ; for I have the power of collating or sus- pending any minister in my government by their Majesties' letters patent, and whilst I stay in the government I will take care that neither heresy, sedition, schism nor rebellion be preached among you, nor vice and profanity encouraged You ought to consider that you have but a third share in the legislative power of the government, and ought not to take all upon you, nor be so peremptory. You ought to let the Council have a share. They are in the nature of a House of Lords, or upper house ; but you seem to take the whole power in your hands, and set up for every thing. You have set a long time to little purpose, and have been a great charge to the country. Ten shillings a day is a large allowance, and you punctually exact it. You have been always forward enough to pull down the fees of other ministers in the government. "Why did you not think it expedient to correct j'our own to a more moderate allowance ? . . . I shall say no more at present, but that you do withdraw to your private affairs in the country, i do prorogue you to the tenth of January next," (1694.) This bill, therefore, stood in the form in which the house had prepared it.* The Pct required a certain number of vestrymen and churchwardens to be annucJly elected in the counties of New-York, Westchester, Queens, and KichiLond, who should choose " a good and sufficient Protestant minis- ter " for each district ; and for the support of the minister so chosen they ■were authorized to levy a, certain sum, to be paid by the people of all denominations. The act ritself made no invidious distinctions, but it was intended by the government only to apply to the Episcopal Church. But two years after the people petitioned the Assembly upon the matter, when the act was explained, " that the vestrymen and churchwardens have power to call a dissenting Protestant minister, and that he is to be paid and main- tained as the law directs." But the people were not deceived as to the real design of the law. It was well understood that the vestrymen and church- wardens would call only Episcopalians ; that it was a virtual establishment of the English Church by law. Selyns was not satisfied with the legal condition of the Dutch Church. Her privileges might at any moment be withdrawn.- He and his consis- tory, therefore, applied for a charter,f which was the first church charter * Manval 0/1869, p. 4. t As early as Dec. I(i86, the churcli of New-Tork prepared a petition to the Mayor to be allowed to build a church, and asking for the grant of a piece of land. But fur some reason the petition was not presented. On April 4, 1688, they petitioned for a charter, as they $ould not raise money to buy land unless incorporated ; but they were not successful. Nevertheless, they purchased the Garden Street lot in Feb. 1692, already owning the prop- erty at Fordham. It was just at this juncture, 1693, that the Ministry Act was passed. The church sought legal advice as to their right to possess a charter, and in April 18, 1693. they 12 THE EEFOKMED CHURCH IN AMEEICA. issued in tlie colony. It was not obtained, liowever, except tlirougli a con- siderable service of plate presented to the pious Governor. It is dated May 11, 1696. This cliarter secured to the Dutch church in New-York its independence. Besides permitting them to choose their ministers, to hold property, etc., it also provided for a compulsory payment of church rates by the members. This latter feature was stricken out at the confirmation of the charter in 1784. Selyns felt now that the liberty of the Dutch Church was secure. After this, while there was sometimes considerable annoyance, as in Corubury's time, there was no general disturbance between the civil gov- ernment and the Dutch Church. The astute Assembly, consisting mostly of Dutch members, had not bound the whole province ; and the speedy pro- curement of a charter by the church of New-York, which was soon followed by similar charters for the other Dutch churches, greatly embarrassed the execution of the tithe law among the Dutch. Indeed, this law did not serve any Episcopal minister until nine years after it^ passage. Governor Corn- bury said, in his speech at the opening of the Assembly, (1705 :) "The difficulties which some very worthy ministers of the Church of England have met with, in getting the maintenance settled upon them by the act of 1693, moves me to propose to you the passing an act explanatory of the fore- mentioned act, that those worthy good men who have ventured to come so far for the service of God in his Church, and the good and edification of the people, to the salvation of their souls, may not for the future be vexed, as some of them have been, but may enjoy in quiet that maintenance which was by law provided for them." . . . A supplementary act* was accord- ingly passed, but it failed to come up to the expectations of the Governor. The inoperative character of these acts, especially in their application to the Dutch Church, may be seen from a statement made two generations later, in reference to the position of this Church under English rule. For Domine Ritzema could write, (1765,) when thinking of invoking the civil power to suppress the Coetus party, that " our Netherlandish Church has always been regarded by the Episcopalians as a National Church and for that reason held in esteem ; and the kings have always provided our churches with charters, not only to manage their affairs according to the Netherlandish constitution established in the Synod of Dort, but also as a body corporate, to have and to hold the property belonging thereto ; which is denied to all other churches." f In the resistance to the tithe, and the again petitionea for one, and again June 19, and a year later thiir efforts are crowned with success. * Laws, Chap. 140. The preamble says that the Ministry Act of 1698 has caused many disputes. t On May 16, 1730, the trustees of the Presbyterian church, Wall St., N.T.C., utterly unable to obtain a charter, after repeated trials, conveyed their real estate, for safety, by deed, to the Moderator of the Gen. Assembly of the Established Church of Scotland.^ Doc. Hist. iii. 801. Smith's mY. 396. Many applications were made for charters by vari-' ous churches, but tliey were always refused. There were also very many attempts to repeal the Ministry Act for a century, 1674-1776, but these bills were alwaj-s vetoed, or smothered by the Governors and Councils. Committees of the Assembly sometimes wailed on the THE EEFOEMED CULTRCII IN AMERICA. 23 lawsuits wliicli followed, it finally came to be understood tliat the ecclesias- tical statutes of Great Britain (Smith's J^.T. 181) had no relation to the colony of New- York. Even a so-called dissenter had no necessity of justi- fying himself by the English Act of Toleration. Legally, there was a per- fect parity among all Protestant bodies.* Nevertheless, the Presbyterians and others suffered constant annoyance from unscrapulous Governors, who extorted from them, by an iniquitous law, the means for the support of an Established Church. But after the preliminary struggle it is not probable that the limited tithe act was as detrimental to the growth of the Dutch Church as has been generally supposed. For, notwithstanding these con- tests with the civil power, the number of churches more than doubled in the first generation under English rule. The attempted oppression of Corn- bury, moreover, led to emigration to the Raritan valleys \ and elsewhere, so that by the close of the century there were no less than twenty-nine Reformed churches under the care of the Classis of Amsterdam. A few of these were French Reformed, | and one was partially German. In these, during the whole period from the planting of the Church, thirty-three ministers had labored, four of whom officiated in the French language, while some of the Dutch ministers occasionally preached in French, and perhaps also in English. Several of them had acquired facility in preaching to the Indians. In the year 1700 there were ten ministers in actual service. CHAPTER III. the pekiod of eevival ik the chdrcn and holt aspieations after independence — 1705-54. The Generation Preceding the Request for a Cobtus — 1705-37. § This was the most quiet and peaceful period in the history of the Church at large, although there were some local troubles which we can not here de- Governor to ask what had become of these bills repealing the Ministry Act. The jonrnal of the Assembly, IGOl-lTTG, and jom-nal of the Council contain many interesting statements on this matter. * The Presbyterians at Jamaica recovered their church by lawsuit in 1731, after twenty- five years' dispossession. Cornbury had seized it in 1705, and given it to the Episcopalians. Doc. Eist. iii. 188-190. + Thus Middlesex and Somerset Counties, in New-Jersey, and also, partly for the same reasons, Monmouth and Bergen Counties, were settled, although the former had some original colonists, and the latter also had received directly many employees of the West- India Company, in reward for services. The mild and republican form of government in New-Jersey, in contrast with the more oppressive government in New-York, was very attractive to the older colonists both on the Hudson and in New-England. X A few French Huguenots came over, settling on Staten Island, at New-Eochelle, in the city, and at New-Paltz, who cordially fraternized and in time coalesced with the Dutch, (DAiLifi, BoNREPos, Peiket.) See also Du BoW Meunion, 15-44. Smith's N. T. 260, 318, 386. § See Amsterdam Cor., Letters 807-164. , 24 THE EEFOEMED CHURCH IX AilEKICA. tail.* Tlie privilege of securing cliarters was a substantial triumpli. Op- portunity was now allowed for reflection on the past and the devising of plans for tlie future. Tlie true position of the Cliurcli began to be under- stood ; yet in the year 1705 only six pastors of the Eeformed faith remained in the country. Most of the congregations could have services only two or , three times a year. The English Society for Propagating the gospel had begun its labors in 1701. It was designed " to provide for the ministrations of the Church of Bngland in the British colonies, and to propagate the gospel among the native inhabitants of those countries."! As its labors were, therefore, largely of a proselyting character, and it depended chiefly upon the tithe act, it is not surprising that the results were for a long time very small. It exerted a good influence, however, among the Indians. Several Dutch ministers were urged to serve under its banner, and a few, finally, under peculiar circumstances, consented, but chiefly as missionaries to the Indians As early as 1694 Bertholf, who had come to America several years before, as catechist, «oort«ser, and schoolmaster, and who had become a leader in the devotions of the people at Hackensack, was sent to Holland for ordination. This was the first example of this custom, if we except the case of Samuel Megapolensis, (1658,) who was sent over privately by his father. In 1709 Rev. Joseph Morgan, having come from the Congregationalists, gave three- fourths of his time to the Dutch church in Monmouth County, N. J., and the remainder to a Presbyterian church, he being a member of the Presbytery of Philadelphia. The scarcity of ministers, and the expense, trouble, delay, and danger of procuring them from Holland, drove John Van Driessen, with a letter from Patroon Van Rensselaer, to Yale College for ordination, (1727 ;) while Mr. Boehme, before alluded to, was ordained by the ministers at New- York, (1739,) by special permission of the Classis of Amsterdam. The same necessity compelled the Classis to grant permission (1736) to Domines Haeg- hoort and Erickzon to ordain John Schuyler to the ministry. But these cir- cumstances, with the necessary discussion excited thereby, and the absolute necessity of preachers, paved the way for the preliminary request of the, Church for semi-ecclesiastical powers and partial independence. It was also in this period that a spirit of revival began to show itself, (1730.) "The Great Awakening" changed the character of the whole American Church.J This was a principal reason of the desire for greater facilities to meet the spiritual wants of the people. These necessities led to some justi- fiable ecclesiastical irregularities. It was also in this period tliat Rev. Theo- dore J. Frelinghuysen came to America, (1730,) destined as he was, in him- self and in his family, to exert a molding influence upon the history of the * Dispute on L.I. between the parties of Freeman and Antonides. Doe. Hist. iii. 89-115. Strong^s Bist. Flatbush. Also opposition to Frelingliuyscn, 172C-33. t See Anderson's Bist. of the Colonial Ch. (Episc.) 3 vols. London, 1845. X See Tracy's Hist, of " Tlie Great Awakening." Rev. Dr. Messler's "Memorial Sermons and Hist. Notes" give details of the work on the Earitan. Pub. 1874. THE EEFOESIED CIIUECII IN AMERICA. 25 Dutcli Church. Fighting with formality and the dead orthodoxy which he found prevailing in his locality, caused by a lack of gospel privileges, mis- understood and persecuted by the i^eople, he persevered in preaching the truth until his opponents were converted.* Large accessions to the Church crowned his labors. Several extensive revivals were the result of his minis- try. Whitefield and Jonathan Edwards refer with commendation to his zeal and success. He was also the first pastor of the Reformed Church who began to train up young men for the ministry, and was, perhaps, the first minister in favor of the independence of the Church in America. Although he helped to initiate, he did not live to take part in the assemblies of the Coetus ; but it was largely owing to his zeal, his foresight and his persecutions, with their happy results, which finally brought about the entire reorganization of the Dutch Church. He probably first suggested a college for the denomination in which to train up young men for the ministry. We can only mention the names of Van Santvoord and Freeman, men who adorned this period, as well as that of the excellent Du Bois, with his minis- try of fifty-two years in New- York City, (1G99-1751.) His infiuence was ever exerted to conciliate and heal. He was so universally honored that, by vir- tue of accorded merit, he was, says the historian Smith, more like a bishop among the Dutch churches than the pastor of a single congregation. During the generation preceding the request for a Coetus, the Church, considering its circumstances, made remarkable progress. No less than thirty-six new congregations (1701-37) were organized, making now sixty- five in all. Twenty-seven new ministers also began their labors during this period, of whom nineteen were in service at its close. The GBR1I.4.N and Swiss BBANcn.f But while these events were transpiring on the Hudson, another branch of the Reformed Cliurch was locating on the Delaware and Susquehannah. As early as 1(384, the Frankfort Land Company began to send German set- tlers to Pennsylvania. The Romish religion had obtained the upper hand again in the Palatinate, after the palmy days of Frederick HI., and the op- pressed inhabitants sought freedom of conscience in the New World. Thus began the Reformed Church of German extraction in Pennsylvania. The full tide of emigration did not fairly begin till about 1709. In this year, four thousand Palatines embarked for New- York, but seventeen hundred died on the passage. They were invited to settle on the Livingston Manor, and many of them did so. Others settled in Schoharie and in the valley of the Mohawk.l The following year large numbers of the same class fled * His opponents published a complaint {Klagte) in 1725 against him in a volume of 150 pages. This was translated In 1S7G by Eev. JI. G. Hansen, and is in archives of General Synod. The translation malses 323 pages of MS. Peace was not secured until the fall of 1734. See Letters 448, 4-19. + Manual of 1869, p. 4. I Col. Mst. KY. v. 533. Doe. Hist. iii. 328, 050. The lower Palatinate had been 20 THE KEFOEIIED CHURCH IN AMERICA. to Nortli-Carolina, (wliere some French Protestants liad already settled on the banks of the Neuse.) and founded New-Berne. They had preachers among them, but in 1713 the settlement was broken up by the Indians. The remnant fled to South-Carolina. Many Germans of Pennsylvania sub- sequently emigrated to the Carolinas. Many Swiss were also mingled -with the various bands of emigrants, who were absorbed by the Germans and the Dutch. (GOETSCHBT, BOEHM, WEISS, DonSTiUS.) But these Germans could obtain no help from their native country, on account of its interior position and the persecutions which the mother Church was then enduring. But living often side by side with the Dutch, and observing the care bestowed on them by the Classis of Amsterdam, they naturally craved assistance and oversight from the same. The Church of the Palatinate also kindly asked this Classis, as they were on the sea-coast and had constant intercourse with America, to lend the emigrants such help as they could. As early as 1730, a correspondence began between the German churches and the Classis, which continued more than fifty years.* Weiss had gone back to Holland in 1729 and secured help. (Weiss.) There were at this time about fifteen thousand Germans in Pennsylvania. The Classis agreed to help them on condition that they would adhere to the Heidelberg Catechism, the Palati- nate Confession of Faith, the Canons of the Synod of Dort, and the Rules of Church Government of Dort. This was agreed to.f In 1731, while the Synod of Holland was in session at Dordrecht, eight hundred exiled Palati- nates passed through the place, to take ships at Rotterdam for America, it The Synod visited them in a body ; religious exercises were observed, help was given them for their immediate necessities, with the pledge that the Church of Holland would not forget them in their new abode. But circum- stances intervened, and nothing effectual was done for them for fifteen years. In America, the German and Hollandish divisions of the Reformed Church had comparatively little intercourse, as both were dependent, widely sepa- rated at tliat day, and could be of little benefit to each other. Yet they were not altogether strangers. On the Raritan,the Germans and the Dutch touched each other. As early as 1705, German Valley, and soon after Leb- anon and Amwell,§ were settled by the Germans. Frelinghuysen and Dorstius were intimate friends, and correspondence and visitations were nos altogether wanting between the ministers of New-York and Philadelphia. In Schoharie and Columbia Counties, and on the Mohawk, the Germans and Dutch were intermingled, and have to a great extent coalesced. ravaged by the French, and many of its inhabitants reduced to poverty. They were trans- ported to America by Queen Anne. This was the first German immigration of importance to N.Y. The father of Domine Schuneman was in this number. Many Lutherans also settled near Newburgh. * Report and instructions of Synod of S.Holland met at Breda. Amst. Cor., Doc. 413. Pub. in Ch. Int. Feb. 1, 1865. t From a pamphlet published by Weiss, In 1731, concerning his arrangements with the Classis, a copy of which was sent by Prof. Buddingh to Dr. T. De Witt in 1850. i See account in Schlatter's Life, p. 41. Also in Ch. Int., Sept. S3, 1852. § The original German church of Amwell is now the Presbyterian church of Ringoes, vv'.uTw Dr. Kirkpati'ick so long ministered. THE EEFORIIED CHURCH IX AilEKICA. L'7 The Reqoest for a Coetds and the Delay — 173T-4T.* The reflection and quiet growth of the Church during the preceding period, and the actual necessity of more ministers than could be obtained from Europe, pressed the subject of association and American ordination upon the attention of all. There were more than three times as many churches as pastors. Of the sixty ministers who had labored in the Church up to this time, all but seven had come directly from Europe. Three quar- ters of a century had passed since the English conquest, and the tie which bound the people to Holland was becoming weakened. Only a few octo- genarians remained who had seen the fatherland. The people were Ameri- can. The Church in general began to feel that they must take their busi- ness more entirely into their own hands, and ordain youug men for the ministry, if they were to continue a separate body in the land. But at some previous time, the date of which has not been ascertained, a decree of the Synod of North-Holland committed the American churches, no longer under the West-India Company, to the care of the Classis of Amster- dam, and this decree was reiterated more than once subsequently. It is probable that this took place soon after the formation of that Classis already alluded to, which ordained Tesschenmaeker, (1689-90.) This subordination was very generally acquiesced in. And while the fathers of a century ago almost universally assert tlxe jealous prerogative of the Classis, yet at times, owing, perhaps, to the presence of more liberal-minded men, a better senti- ment prevailed ; for, when certain ministers were sent to serve the German people who had settled at the Camp, (1710,) they had an order in their com- missions (in mandatis) to hold a Classis there, although we have discovered no record of their obedience.f But it was the Classis of Amsterdam which stimulated Domines Haeghoort and Peter Van Driessen (1736) to propose a Coetus.J These brethren accordingly wrote to the consistory of New- York (March 15, 1737) " a statement of reasons for the necessity of a Coetus," or Association. The matter was carefully discussed in that consistory, and resulted finally in a circular call to all the ministers and churches, inviting them to meet in New-York, (September 5, 1787,) for the consideration of this matter. Besides Haeghoort's statement of reasons which accompanied these letters, Domine Uu Bois, who wrote the circular, referred to the nature of the pro]"03ed body, the need of it to give information abroad, and to settle, dis- putes at home. At the time appointed seven ministers, viz., Du Bois, Haeghoort, Freeman, Van Santvoord, Curtenius, Mutzelius and Mancius met together, and drew up a plan for the proposed Association. Mancius and Mutzeliusargued that they were bound, not only personally.but WMteaKy, for the general edification of the Church ; that the Classical Acta say that the * See Amst. Cor., Letters 464-696. Manual of 1869, p. 5. + A meeting of a Classis is said to have been held in Bucks Co., Pa., in 1710, at which the church of Six Mile Ban is said to have been organized. See Ch. Int., Sept. 28, 1876. See also Van Vleck, Paul. t In letter of the Classis of Jan. 11, 1735, (N"o. 450,) to the ministers of X.T., the Classis already suggest the propriety of an Association. See also Polhemos, J. T. 28 TOE EEFOEMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. provincial ministers are to exercise not only the pastoral office, but ecclesias- tical government in every respect ; that all the congregations, except two, were in favor of tlie plan ; tliat they intended to seek the approbation of the Classis, having already the approbation of individual members of it ; that Van Driessen and Haeghoort had been encouraged by the Clasais to bring about such organization ; and the commission of the ministers to the Camp had actually directed them to hold a Classis. A provisional plan * was adopted which need not be here detailed, and another circular was sent out by Domine Du Bois argfuing their right to seek association ; that it was needed to heal divisions and doctrinal errors, to give effective counsels, to promote unity, and to attract ministers to America. The following spring (April, 1738) f the same ministers, with the excep- tion of Mutzelius and Mancius, together with Frelinghuysen, Erickzon, Boehme and Schuyler, and eleven elders, met in New- York and received the answers of the churches ; and after amending their plan sent it to Holland for approval. A speedy and happy consummation was surely expected. But now the Classis did seem jealous of their prerogatives, for they wrote the following year (1739) to some disaffected parties that they would allow a Coetus, " under the express condition that care was taken not to have a word uttered against the doctrine, and to have no preparatory or final exam- inations for candidates or ministers ; these being matters which were, by the Synod of Dort, restricted to the respective Classes, and which, therefore, were reserved by us in forming a Coetus some years since in the colony of Surinam." Subsequently the Classis sought to effect a union of the Dutch with the Presbyterian and the German Churches, but without success.:]: Nine years elapsed before they granted a favorable reply. The Presbyterians had been fully organized for more than a generation, and Dorstius was preparing students for the ministry of the German churches in Pennsylvania. In the same year that the request for a Coetus was sent to Holland, Dorstius and Frelinghuysen ordained Goetschius on their individual responsibility. At length the Classis was morally compelled to grant a Coetus to the German churches, (1747,) after which they could no longer withhold it from the Dutch.§ The organization of the College of New-Jersey during the preced- ing year (1746) may have also stimulated them. * This plan is found in Minutes Ch. N. Y. under date. t It is worthy of note that in this same year, (1738,) Elias Van Bunschooten and Jacob K. Hardenbergh were born, the former destined first to endow the educational department of the Church, and the latter to be the first President of the college established by the Coetus party. X Schlatter's lAfe, p. 43. § The sad condition of the scattered and wasted German Reformed churches had become better known in Holland. Weias in 1729 had obtained the promise of protection and over- sight from the Classis, (Weiss,) and in 1746, Schlatter, in tender pity for these churches, half independent, and at the mercy of every errorist wandering over the land, had procured the appointment for himself of General Agent, to visit, organize, and consolidate them into some sort of an ecclesiastical body. (Schlatter.) This became the German Coetus or Synod. The sad representations made of the condition of these churches compelled the THE EEFOEilED CHUECH IN AMEKICA. 29 Altbougli Frelingliuysen had acted irregularly in ordaining Goetschius, he soon af^er sent his sons, Theodore and John, to Holland for education and ordination. During this interim of delay eight new ministers began their labors ; five had come from Holland ; two American youths had returned from Holland, whither they had gone for ordination, viz., Fryenmoet and Theodore rrelinghuysen, afterward of Albany ; and Goetschius had been privately ordained here. Twenty-three ministers remained in the country. Two new churches had been organized. Among the new-comers from Hol- land was Ritzema, (1744,) who was destined to play so important a part in the future destinies of the Church. ThbCoetus, 1747-54.— The Beginning of Independence.— Association OF THE SCATTEKED MINISTERS AND ChCKCHES, IN OliDBR TO INCREASE THEIR Usefulness and Meet, the Spiritual Necessities of the People.* The plan of the Coetus, as finally adopted by the delegates in this country and ratified in Holland, provided for delegates, both ministers and elders, from every church, the transaction of only ecclesiastical business, while ac- knowledging subordination to the Classis of Amsterdam ; yet, for the greater advantage of the congregations. Circles were to be established, to which the questions of congregations were first to be taken, and ultimately, if neces- sary, to the'Coetus. It was also stipulated that all ministers hereafter arriv- ing should belong to the Coetus. f But within a year after the foi-mation of this body (1748) they were ex- horted by the Classis not to ask permission to examine and ordain students. But three had applied at their first session, viz., Vanderlinde, John Leydt, and Verbryck.ij: The Coetus had previously gained permission to examine , Classis to grant ttieir prayers, and hence the mission of Schlatter. But after doing this, they could not well longer delay an afBrmative response to the request of the Dutch. In May, 1747, their answer was made known to them, the letter having been brought by Domine Van Sinderin. Arrangements were made for holding their first meeting on the second Tuesday of September. The first German Coetus was held in the same month. * Amsterdam Cor., Letters 596-784. Manual of 1869, p. 7. + For rules of Coetus, see jilints. Gen. Syn. i. xviii-xx. For forms of testimonial for licensure and ordination, xsx, sxsi. % These American-made ministers generally spolce with warmth of an independent estab- lishment. They were also found to be quite as acceptable as others. They argued that in case of a protracted war, all intercourse "would be cut ofE with Europe, and the churches would be deprived of all service. As it %vas, years often passed before calls sent to Holland were filled. The friends of independence therefore charged the mother Church with inconsist- ency and tyranny in refusing to grant privileges, which were claimed on admitted principles to be necessary to her own government. Eev. John Leydt was sent as a delegate to the Coetus of Pennsylvania, to ask them to unite with the Dutch Coetus, at least as to the founding of a seminary. But the Germans declined on account of their recent obligations to the Church in Holland, which had so carefully cherished and liberally aided them. But a moiety if not more of the Hollanders were In favor of independence, and some of the Eu- ropean ministers indorsed them. A strong party was thus formed, and the proposition was boldly advocated of withdrawing ftom the authority of the Classis of Amsterdam, and or- ganizing an American Classis. 30 THE EEFOEilED CIIUKCH IN AMERICA. and ordain the first two of tliese ; but in behalf of Verbryck they fairly had to plead for permission, which was at length reluctantly granted. Freling- huysen, of Albany, was at first opposed to American ordination, bift finally , became its most zealous advocate. The body was obliged to send one young man away because of the reluctance of the Classis, and others were pre- vented, therefore, from applying. Tlieir inability to do any tliing decisive in the troubles of Arondeus, on Long Island, and of Mutzelius, at Tappan, made them feel their subordination and their helplessness most keenly. Some also refused to recognize the shadow of authority which they thought they possessed. Their only privilege seemed to be to send a, joint letter once a year to Holland. Their desire to assist the Church more conveniently and rapidly to a ministry adequate to its necessities was completely balked. Two young men whom they had sent to Holland for ordination had thereby lost their lives, viz., Ferdinand and Jacobus Frelinghuysen, having died of small-pox at sea. The friends of the Church, therefore, soon became convinced of the neces- sity of having a more efficient judicatory. This growing feeling induced them to propose a Classis, (1753.) It gave rise, naturally, to considerable discussion, and Haeghoort at first protested against the change. A year later, some amendments having been adopted, a draft of the general features of the proposed Classis was adoptee^, (Sept. 19, 1753,) nemine contradicente, by eleven ministers and eleven elders. De Ronde was not present ; but Ritzema, Haeghoort, Curtenius, and Vanderlinde, all of whom a year later had se- ceded, were present, and appeared to be in favor of it. The draft states that they were " constrained in conscience to seek to become changed into a Classis, in view of the defective, fruitless and disagreeable nature of the present organization." It further stated that "the Cgetus could give no satisfactory reason from the Church Order for its present constitution," be- ing neither a Consistory, a Classis nor a Synod ; that it could give no decisive judgment ; it could not ordain to the ministry ; that the delay of sending -all matters to Holland was very great ; that the expense and danger of send- ing young men across the ocean was likewise great ; that candidates would seek ordination from other bodies, an example of which had already occurred ; that as a Classis they would be in a. condition to attend to all matters promptly, as they arose ; that they could furnish congregations with ministers ; and, therefore, they requested the aid of the Classis of Amsterdam, and of the Synod of North-Holland to reach the desired con- summation. The plan was sent to the churches for their action upon it. The answers were to be sent to Ritzema, Schuyler and Verbryck, as a committee, who were to send the draft and the answers of the churches to the Classis and Synod in Holland. Little did they imagine the events which were speedily to follow. During the period of the Coetus proper, (1748-54,) fifteen ministers were added to the Reformed Church, but only four of these by authority of that body. Six students had passed by them and gone to Holland for ordination, and five Europeans had immigrated to America. Four new churches had been organized, and twenty-nine ministers were in service. THE EEFOEMED CHUECH IN AMERICA. 81 The Repokmbd CHtracH amono the Germaks. Daring tlio period (1737-92) the Reformed Cliurcli among tlie Germans ■was consolidated and organized into a Coetus by Sclilatter. (Schlatteb.) He found forty-sis churches, but only four regularly ordained ministers, for a population of about 30,000. (Dorstius, Boehm, Weiss, Reiger.) The people were sadly destitute. Their settlements extended from the Delaware beyond the Potomac. He laboriously itinerated among these churches, and brought order out of chaos. The regular supervision of the Classis of Am- sterdam over the German churches here properly begins, although it was greatly interrupted by the French and Indian vfars. During the first four years after Schlatter's arrival, only four new ministers arrived. (Stbiner, Baktholomal'S, Leidich, Hochrbutinbr.) But in 1751 a new life was given to the German churches by Schlatter's visit to Europe. His report on these churches and the appeal which he made, which was printed, se- cured £12,000 for the benefit of these poor churches, besides seven hundred Bibles. Says the Classis of Amsterdam in this year, ' ' The impulse of zeal and love in our Christian Synods and lower judicatories, and private mem- bers, seemed to be wrought up even to emulation in the good work of reliev- ing these necessities." Twenty thousand pounds additional were subscribed by George II. and the nobility of Great Britain. These moneys constituted a fund for the support of ministers and schools. Six ministers returned with Mr. S. to America. (Ottbrhbin, Stot, Waldschmid, Feankenpeld, RuBEL, WissLBE.) He held his position as General Superintendent of these churches for eleven years. But it was said that the wonderfully liberal contributions in Great Britain were made from political reasons, lest the Germans, increasing so rapidly, should become restive under English rule. Their power was already felt in Pennsylvania, and gave a distinct shade to legislation. They solidly voted to continue the Quakers in the Assembly of the State, and thus pre- vented a declaration of war against the French. 32 THE EEFOEJIED CHUKCH IN AMERICA. CHAPTER IV. THE STKUGGLE 01' THE BUTCH CHUKCH FOR INDEPENDENCE OF THE CHURCH OF HOLLAND.-THE CAUSE OF EDUOATION.-THB DISRUPTION OF THE CHURCH.— ITS REMOTE CAUSES.— THE SECESSION OF SOME MIN- ISTERS FROM THE COETUS, IN ORDER TO FOUND A DIVINITY PROFES- SORSHIP IN AN EPISCOPAL COLLEGE.-OPPOSITION OF THE CHURCH IN GENERAL TO SUCH A SCHEME.— THE SUCCESS AND FAILURE OF SAID PROFESSORSHIP.— ASSUMPTION OP INDEPENDENCE BY A PORTION OF THE CHURCH, AND THEIR EFFORTS TO FOUND A UNIVERSITY.- CENSURE upon ritzema. The Disruption of the Church— 1754-5. 1. Its Remote Causes — 1750-54. We can only understaM the cause of the division of the Church by referring to the position of the general community upon the subject of education ; and here we ask the privilege of being a little more elaborate. The people had become aroused as to their deficiency in this matter, and a discussion had been in progress for nearly half a century about the necessity of a college in New- York. The main obstacles were variety of population, denominational distinctions, and opposition to Episcopacy ; but about the middle of the century all parties were animated, not only by the growing prosperity of Yale and Harvard, but by the more recent example of Phila- delphia. Indeed, as early as 1746, an act was passed in the New-York Assembly " for raising the sum of £2350 by a public lottery for this colony, towards the encouragement of learning in the same." Other acts became necessary to consummate these plans. These moneys soon (Nov., 1751,) amounted to £3443, and were vested in a board of ten trustees, seven of whom were Episcopalians, two Dutch Reformed, and one Presbyterian. This latter was the eminent lawyer, scholar, and subsequent patriot, Wil- liam Livingston. The inequality in the apportionment of the trustees of this fftnd among the denominations excited general discontent, as the Episcopalians were the fewest of all. It was soon rumored that the trustees intended to apply for a charter which would require the President to be an Episcopalian, and that the Book of Common Prayer should be used in the institution. The great legal learning, as well as social position of Mr. Livingston, made him a formidable opponent to a sectarian college, which was to be supported by a general tax on all. Six months before, (Nov., 1753,) he had published the first number of The Independent Eejiector. This paper was devoted to a close and impartial scrutiny of the existing establishments. It exposed official abuse, negligence, or corruption, without fear or favor. He soon took up the college question, and exposed the design of the feeblest, though, on account of its relation to the government, the ruling sect. THE KEFOEIIED CHUECH IN AMERICA. 33 (Marcli 22, 1753.) He admitted, of course, the importance of a higlier institution of learning, but he discussed the most proper manner of its establishment. This, he insisted, should be, not by charter, but by an act of the Assembly, in order to give the institution dignity, security, and stability. He insisted that there should be nothing connected with the institution offensive to any denomination. In hfs twenty-third number he presents an eloquent address to the inhabitants, exhorting them to oppose the projected charter. Among other things, he said: "Consider, gentle- men, the apparent iniquity, the monstrous unreasonableness of the claim I am opposing. Are we not all members of the same community? Have we not an equal right ? Are we not all alike to contribute to the support of the college? Whence, then, the pretension of one iu preference to the rest ? Does not every persuasion produce men of worth and virtue ? Why, then, should the one be exalted and the other debased ? You, I hope, will consider the least infraction of your liberties as a prelude to greater en- croachments. . . . Why should you, too late, deplore your irresolution ?" By such papers the character of the controversy became considerably changed. The field of debate was widened. The people began to suspect a design to further a Church Establishment through the college. His attacks on the various abuses of the English system were answered in the columns of fWe New-York Mercury, by the usual arguments against Inde- pendents. It was a repetition of the old contest between encroachment of power and popular resistance. In about a year and a, half Mr. Livingston's paper was suppressed by exciting fears in the printer. But Trinity Church soon after (May, 1754,) came to the rescue of the lan- guishing scheme by offering land for the college, upon the two conditions that the President should always be an Episcopalian and the English Prayer- Book should be used. This stimulated the trustees anew to petition Lieu- tenant-Governor De Lancey to incorporate the institution on these terms. So strong was their assurance of an immediately favorable result that they even began college exercises with seven students in the vestry-room of Trinity Church, (June, 1754.) But Mr. Livingston, alone, deserted even by the Dutch, who had formerly stood by him, protested against the granting of such a charter, {SedgeioicKs Life of Wm. Livingston, p. 90.) He presented twenty " Unanswerable Reasons" in his protest. This aroused the people and delayed the immediate success of the charter, and several petitions were sent in to the Assembly against allowing any further funds for the college until its constitution and government were settled by an act of legislation. The trustees, in the fall, issued a pamphlet entitled "A Brief Vindication of the Proceedings of the Trustees, relating to the College, containing a Sufficient Answer to the late Famous Protest, with its Twenty Unanswer- able Reasons." 2. The Secession from the Ooetus, with its Design, viz. : to found a Divinity Professorship in Kings College for the Dutch.* Now it was iu tlie midst of such circumstances that what proved to be the * Amst. Cor., Letters 7S5-792. . 34 THE EEFOKMKD CIIUECH IJT AMEraCA. last meeting of tlie Coetus, before the disruption, took place, (Seirt. 19, 1754.) The proposition for a Classis, ■vvitli a plan of the same, wag sent down to the churches- for their consideration and determination. The action of the Coetus in this matter was apparently unanimous. But certain parties in the Dutch Church, viz., Haeghoort, Curtenius, Ritzema, Do Eonde, and Vanderlinde, became suddenly enamored with the project of the college in New-York, which led them to secede from the Coetus ; and this action of theirs ulti- mately produced great confusion. Were they deceived by specious promises, which were not afterward, fulfilled ? Was there a plan laid to gain their temporary support to secure the charter for Kings College, and were they then abandoned ? The several^ churches received the proposition of the Coetus, and all of them, with a very few exceptions, were either heartily favorable to a Classis or were not opposed to it. The church of New-Tork, however, took the following actiain : * 1. "A proposal was presented from the Coetus, (Oct. 1, 1754,) stating various reasons why a Coetus was of no use or advantage, and why, there- fore, it would be better to establish n Classis here, and requesting the approbation of consistory to this measure. " 3. " The consistory replied that since the Coetus declared itself to be of no use, which we also believe, and have learned more than once by expe- rience, we, for good reasons, judge that a Classis would be of much less use, and so think it better to abide by the old consistory for the quiet of the congregation, with the privilege, in any difficulty, of consulting the Classis of Amsterdam.'' 3. " Since on the 30th of August, 1750, Domine De Ronde was called to this congregation under condition of becoming a member of the Coetus, the congregatioa then thinking the Coetus to be of great good to the Church ; but now, the Coetus declaring itself to be of no more use, the consistory declares that clause of the call null and void, still recognizing his reverence as their lawful pastor and teacher." 4. "It was further resolved to bring this matter before the Classis of Amsterdam, and express to them the views of the consistory, so that the Classis may see on what ground their action is taken. Domines Bitzema and De Ronde, and the elders, Cuyler and Richard, were appointed a com- mittee for this purpose.'' 5. "It was resolved to present a petition to the Assembly, requesting liberty to have a Professor of Divinity in the Low Dutch Church, who shall, according to the institution of the same, instruct therein freely and without hindrance. Domines Ritzema and De Ronde, and elders Cuyler and Richard, were made a committee to prepare the draft." The above action was only taken upon the assurance that the college was to be unpartisan. Kings College, moreover, is not mentioned in the last paragraph, but this is well known to have been implied. Both these facts will appear from siibsequent action. * Amst. Cor., Doc. i83. THE EEFOEMED CHtlRCII IX AiXERICA. 35 Wo have already seen tliat Mr. Livingston bad been deserted by tlie Dutch Tvlien he protested, in the summer, (1754,) against the renewed peti- tion for a charter. It was an easy matter for the friends of the college to contrast the Dutch Church, as the national establishment of Holland, and standing side by side with the Church of England, with the Presbyte- rians and other so-called dissenters with which the province abounded. Had not the State treated the Dutch Church with peculiar favor? Were not the Dutch churches chartered even before tlie Episcopal churches, and did not this privilege belong to these two bodies alone ? And as they needed II theological professor, and were the most numerous in the province, and ■were lilvewise a liturgical Cliurch in part, should they not be entitled to duo consideration in all these respects? Let them, therefore, help to pass the. charter. The tithe had been designed especially for dissenters. By such specious arguments were the Dutch members of the Assembly led to vote for the charter of an Episcopal college, to be supported by general taxation. Mr. Livingston writes to Rev. Noah Welles, (October 18, 1754,) upon this subject, as follows : " The Dutch Church has preferred a petition to the As- sembly, (now sitting,) praying for a Professor of Divinity in the college, to be chosen and appointed by them ; which petition, for the reasons set forth in the same, I doubt not will be granted, and will not fail of having a good effect, even should it be rejected. If it meets with success, it will secure to the Dutch a Calvinistic professor, and diminish that badgeof distinction to which the Episcopalians are so zealously aspiring. Should it be rejected, as it will meet with opposition from the sticljlers for a party college, that will animate the Dutch against them, and convince them that all their pretenses to sisterhood and identity were fallacious and hypocritical." This petition was favorably received by the Assembly, and the New-Yorli church confidently expected the full accomplishment of their desires ; but while this matter was pending they wrote * to the Classis of Amsterdam, (Oc- tober 17, 1754,) expatiating upon the uselessness of the Coetus, the impor- tance of u. learned ministry, that American-made ministers would bring about a total separation of the Church from Holland, that partisanship ruled the Coetus, and " for these and the like reasons we are bold to renew our old relations and remain in entire correspondence with you, to communicate our affairs and expect counsel and direction ; and we hope that you will in no respect withdraw from us, but continue to be our counselors for the good of our church, and we desire that the undertaking of the petitioners " — i. e., the expected request of the Coetus for a Classis — "may not prosper." This was signed by the whole consistory. We can not but wonder that this letter does not mention their petition to the Assembly for a professorship in Kings College. A week later tliis peti- tion was brought more formally before the Assembly. It stated that unless provision was made in the intended college for a Professor of Divinity for the benefit of the Dutch Church in this country, the youth of that Church intended for the ministry would be obliged to reside several years in Hol- ' Amst. Cor , Letter "fP. S6 THE EEFOEIIED CUVUCll IN AMERICA. land, or otlier foreign Protestant countries; alleging that as tlie Dutch were the most numerous of any single denomination of Christians in the province, they might reasonably be expected, in all provincial contributions, to be the greatest benefactors to the intended college, and praying that, vphen the matter of the college came under consideration, they might by the act in- corporating it be entitled to a divinity professor, with a reasonable salary, to be nominated by the minister, elders, and deacons ot the Dutch Reformed Protestant church in the city, and that the said professor might freely and without control teach the doctrines of faith maintained by their churches, as established and approved by the national Synod of Dort, 1018, 1019. But one week later, (Oct. 31, 1754,) the Governor, although not without reluctance, granted a charter for Kings (now Columbia) College, without including the divinity professorship for the Dutch. Although the latter had consented that the President sliould be an Episcopalian, and the Eng- lish Prayer-Book should be used, and the votes of the Dutch members of the Assembly for the charter had apparently, in expectation of the proposed professorship, been gained, nevertheless the Dutch petitioners were sadly disappointed in the results. Was Livingston's remark verified, " that all their pretenses to sisterhood and identity were fallacious " ? But had Liv. ingston finally failed, in his opposition to a partisan college, because a char- ter had been signed by the Governor? And what was the present position of the petitioners for a professorship? On the same day that the petition for the professorship was called up in the Assembly, (October 25, 1754,) Mr. Livingston published the first of fifty- two articles, called "The Watch-Tower, " in the New- York Mercury, to whose columns, although formerly antagonistic to him, he had by some means gained access. He declared that he determined to enlighten the public mind upoii several matters, as it was the popular ignorance which gave his opponents their only chance of success. He secured the presenta- tion of a bill in the Assembly, (Nov., 1765,) within a month after the above- mentioned charter was granted, for a free college, which was ordered printed. From motives of policy the bill was not afterward pressed to a vote, bat the desired information to the public, by the comparison of this bill with the charter, was accomplished. He asserts that the Dutch were now beginning to see the snares into which they had been led. ( Wm. Liv- ingston's Life, 105.) The governors of the college named in the charter were to be certain civil functionaries, ex officio, and twenty-four other gentlemen, (of whom Dr. Liv- ingston was one,) the rector of Trinity Church, the senior minister of the Dutch church, the ministers of the ancient Lutheran church, of the French church, and of the Presbyterian congregation in the city of New- York. Mr. Livingston never qualified as a trustee by taking the required oath, but Domine Ritzema did. In the last number of the " Watch-Tower" Living- ston addressed the newly arrived Governor, Hardy, (Nov. 17, 1775,) review- ing the whole history of the charter, holding up the real objects of the re- spective parties, claiming that, notwithstanding the charter, he had gained THE EEFOEIIED CUUKCH I2T AlIEEICA. 37 tho people. This fact appeared from the difiSculties which now arose about the transfer of the funds from the original temporary trustees to the gov- ernors named in the charter. Were they not the people's funds, and not those of a single and small religious hody ? After a year of debate one-half of them was diverted to the corporation of the city, wherewith to build a new jail and pest-house. The college, also, founded on a basis contrary to the general wishes of the majority, never throve until after the Revolution. Livingston's opinion of his victory is expressed in the following note to De Ronde at this time : " Amicus noster invictusque pro republica pugnator, ' The Watch-Tower,' ia ipso setatis ac victoriarum flore, septimane superiore diem clausit extre- mum. Nee alienis hostilibusque viribua interfectus est, sed lubens et more triumpliantium, memorque patriae atque pristimse dignitatis suse, pugnans victorque a prcelio decessit. Haue ob causam plus nobis olim est otii." 3. Opinion of the Dutch Church in general upon the Episcopal College, with the Attempt to found a Dutch Professorship therein. At the last meeting of the Coetus, (Sept. 19, 1754,)* the subject of the pro- posed college, and a professorship for the Dutch thereiu, had not been men- tioned, at least officially. tJnanimous action had been taken for a Classis, in order that the Church might educate and ordain her young men in America. Domine Ritzema was president of that meeting, and the circular letter must have gone to all the churches in his name, and that of Verbryck as clerk. Was there not reason for astonishment at the withdrawal of Domines Rit- zema and De Ronde with their congregations from all connection with the Coetus in less than two weeks after ? The whole Church was greatly ex- cited when they heard these things. The Coetus had been repudiated, and direct relations with the European Classis had been resumed by the princi- pal church in the country. They had also entered into negotiations with the English church for a professorship in an Episcopal college, but in which eflfort, at the last moment, they had failed. ' Shall the plans of the Coetus be nullified because its president, who was to receive the answers of the churches on the proposed Classis, and, with others, transmit them to Hol- land, had withdrawn? By no means. The Rev. Theodore Frelinghuysen, of ^Albany, hearing of these matters, started in the dead of winter, (Jan. 1, 1755,) and visited the principal churches, and obtained signatures in favor of an Academy for the Dutch atone, and also, probably at the same time, for an American Classis. He came down on the west side of the river, visiting Schunema at Catskill, Verbryck at Tappan, Goetschius and Curtenius at Hacbensack, where he also met Haeghoort by appointment; thence he went to New-York, where he remained for five days conversing with ministers and people ; returning north, on the east side of the river, he visited Harlem, Ford- ham, Cortlandt, and many other places. He met with some opposition, but also with much success. Returning home he awaited the opening of the spring, and the reports of the churches on the Classis. While these things * Amst. Cor., Boo. 783. 38 THE KH^OMIED CIIITRCII IX AMERICA. were pending, and just after Frelingbuysen Lad returned from his hasty winter tour, Mr. Livingston published tlie following soliloquy in the New- Tork Mercury upon the situation of affairs : " TnE Watch-Toweii, ^o. XI. {Issued, Feb. 3, 1755.) "As I sat the other evening smoking my pipe and ruminating in the nlbow-chair on what would probably be the situation of this province about twenty years hence, should a certain faction succeed in their meditated en- croachments on our liberties, I fell into a kind of methodical dream, which disposed all my contemplations into the following vision : Methought I saw one of the printer's boys entering my room and delivering me a newspaper, the reading of which made so strong an impression upon my mind that 1 question whether I have forgot a single article of its contents, and, as nearly as I can recollect, it was thus : "The New-Torh Journal, Na. 15. Puhllshed hy auilwriiy. Cth February, 1775. "Extract of a letter from a clergyman in the county of Albany to His Grace, the Bishop of New-York : ' I make no doubt but by the blessing of God and your lordship's vigorous measures, we shall reduce this obstinate colony to the obedience of the Church. They are a stubborn, contumacious generation, and naturally adverse to prelacy ; hence the business of the tithes goes much against the grain ! ... .' " Extract from the votes and proceedings of the General Assembly in their last session : 'The speaker left the chair and attended his Excellency with the Hou^e ; and being returned, he resumed the chair, and reported to the House that his Excellency, in the presence of the Council and the members of the House, had been pleased to give his assent to four acts passed this ses- sion, the titles whereof are as follows : " ' 1. An act for the better ascertaining and the more easy recovery of tithes. " ' 3. An act against reading Calvinistical and other heretical books. " ' 3. An act to disable all dissenters from sitting iu the General As- sembly ' " Yesterday the Dutch performed divine service for the last time in the Dutch church — the whole congregation consisting of about 150 adults. It is said that Domine Van Haaren, the minister, particularly bewailed the ruin of that once flourishing congregation, and reminded them of their folly in having so long been deluded by their enemies, after such repeated warn- ings of their artful designs, of which, and of some other imwarantable lib- erties, it is said the government will take suitable notice. "On Wednesday last the Rev. Mr. Lambertus Van Schenkle,* Dutch Pro- fessor of Divinity in the College of New- York, was deposed from his ofSce * Ritzema would no flonbt have "boen the professor in Kliiss College, bnt the writer here u.scs the nrst name of his colleague, Eev. Lambertus Do Eoixle, THE REFOR>rED CHUKCII IN A.3IEEICA, 39 for saying, in one of Ills lecture?, that Clirist is tlie Supreme Head of the Cliristian Cliurcli ; and in order to prevent tlie like heresy for the future, the governors of the said college have passed a resolve that none but an Episco- palian he for the future promoted to the said professorship " Frelinghuyseu attempted to correspond with the consistory of New- York during the spring, but lie was not thoroughly acquainted with the position, and they were unwilling to talk freely upon church affairs until they heard of the reception which their letter of October 18 had met with in the Classis of Amsterdam. 4. Tlie Success and Failure of the said Profcasorsldp in Kings College. (April 1-10, 1755.) — But as the time drew near when the committee should have been convoked to hear the reports of the churches in the matter of the Classis, Eitzema and his friends must have painfully felt the awkardness of their situation. While he had abandoned the Coetus, his Episcopal friends had not stood by him. The subject had been thoroughly ventilated dur- ing the winter, and the friends of the college, while they saw they had acted unhandsomely, were likewise somewhat alarmed. If Frelinghuysen's academy succeeded they would have a poor support for their college, as the Dutch population was yet largely in the majority. Shall not they and the Dutch friends in New- York again strike hands, which would both relieve the charter of its partisan character and relieve certain Dutch ministers from their predicament? It would be mutually advantageous. Yet, owing to the strong popular feeling against the college, would it be wise to carry the subject hefore the public? Mr. Eitzema, as one of the qualified gover- nors of the college, had peculiar opportunities to try again to secure the professorship in the college. Accordingly, we read : " At the first meeting of the Board of Governors, May 7, 1755, after their acceptance of the charter, and the speech of the Lieutenant-Governor, and the repjy of Mr. Chambers, Eev. Mr. Ritzema, senior minister of the Dutch church, among other things addressed by him to the Lieutenant-Governor, remarked that he was sorry to have observed the differences and animosities in the province touching several restrictions in the charter. He expressed his hope that some means might be fallen upon to heal them, and his belief that it would conduce greatly to that end if his honor would be pleased to grant, either by addition to the charter, or in such other manner as should be thought most proper, that there should be estab- lished in the college a Professor of Divinity, for the education of such of the youth of their church as might be intended for the ministry, with a suitable allowance of salary, and to be chosen by the consistory of that church for the time being. The Lieutenant-Governor, in reply, expressed his approval of Mr. Eitzema's suggestion, and his willingness to grant any application in accordance with it that the governors might address to him. The gover- nors at once unanimo^isly adopted Mr. Ritzema's proposal, and appointed a committee to prepare their petition accordingly ; which being reported at 40 THE EEFOEJIED CHURCH IN AMERICA. tlieir next meeting and approved, the same committee was directed to present it, and at tlie meeting after, on tlie 3d of June, Mr. Banyan, Deputy Secretary of the province, delivered to the governors his Majesty's additional charter, making provision for the establishment of a Professor in Divinity, according to the doctrine, discipline and worship established by the National Synod of Dort." The success of this second attempt, with the preceding circumstan- ces in general, were the immediate cause of the disruption of the Dutch Church. 5. Tlie Action of the Coetus. Tlidr Assumption of Independence. The committee not having met in the early part of April, and Ritzema having finally succeeded in his plans in the early part of May, (1755,) the Rev. Theodore Frelinghuysen assumed the responsibility of calling an extra meeting of the Coetus for May 30. Its design was to take official action in the matter of an American Classis, and also to consider the subject of an academy distinctively for the Dutch Cliurch. Ritzema, of course, was not present, although the meeting was held in New- York. Three years later he sought to vindicate the conduct of himself and friends by saying that they "were driven off by the imperious conduct of Rev. Tlieodore Freling- huysen, (Coetus, p. ci.,) who took it upon himself, without the order of any one, to put the congregations under a Classis and to erect an academy, the professors of which he had already named, and the support of which he intended to draw from Holland." Ritzema, as the last President of Coetus, held the book of minutes, which the Coetus party never recovered. Thence- forth the anti-Coetus men, as if they were the representatives of the Church, although a minority, recorded their own letters; and subsequently, (1764,) when they found it expedient to organize themselves formally, they recorded their proceedings in the same volume. But it was several years before they could obtain any oflBcial recognition from Holland. We have, therefore, the subsequent proceedings of the Coetua (or American Classis, which it now became) only in fragments. If they were recorded in a volume, it is not im- possible that it may yet come to light; Part of their proceedings at this extra meeting was the commissioning of Mr. Frelinghuysen to go to Holland to collect funds for the proposed academy. This document was written in the Latin language, and signed by the ministerial members present. A copy was made in the Dutch language, somewhat more expanded, and this contains the names of the elders : " Odb Salutation in the Lord to All who may Read this Letter.* "(May, 1755.) — Inasmuch as it is expedient, for the glory of God, and con- ducive to the salvation of men, to establish in these recently inhabited ends of the earth seminaries of true philosophy as well as of sound doctrine, that men may be imbued with the principles of human wisdom, virtue and unos- tentatious piety : Therefore, we, pastors and elders of the Reformed Church 'Arnst. Cor., Doc. 794. Sec the original Latin in Manual of 1869, page 353. THE KEFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 41 of both provinces, viz., of New-York and Xew- Jersey, in North- America, being assembled in a Coetus, and having established an alliance among our- selves, do resolve in these present critical times to strive with all our energy, and in the fear of God, to plant a university or seminary for young men des- tined for study in the learned languages and in the liberal arts, and who are to be instructed in the philosophical sciences ; also that it may be a school of the prophets in which young Levites and Nazarites of God may be pre- pared to enter upon the sacred ministerial office in. the Church of God. In- deed, because our country is yet new, and not possessed of so great wealth as is required for the work prescribed, therefore, we earnestly beseech all the well disposed, and implore them to be willing to help us with the power of money, by giving something for the promotion of this great and peculiarly necessary work which we have undertaken ; and we hereby delegate and do appoint, by our authority and this present instrument, the Rev. Domine Theodore Frelinghuysen, the very faithful pastor of the Reformed Church at Albany, to present our most humble petition wherever the providence of God may open up a way, and to explain more fully the weighty reasons of this our proposition ; to receive donations, and in all circumstances to act as may seem good to him and necessary for the furtherance of the matter above mentioned. He will also give, in behalf of the brethren united in this alliance, an exact account of all things. We therefore pray that the all- sufficient God will give him a pleasant voyage across the ocean and a pros- perous return, and will open the hearts and the hands of the well disposed, and bountifully reward them for their gifts contributed to us, both in this world and in the world to come. " Done in our Coetus Convention, held in New- York on the thirtieth day of May, 1755. In the name and by the authority of the whole Coetus. Eeinhakt Ekickzon, p. t. President. Samuel Verbrtck. Johannes Leydt.^. t., Scribe. David Marintis. Benjamin Meynema. Barent Vrooman. Ulpiandis Van Sinderin. Johannes Schoneman. Johannes Henricus Goetschius. Thomas Komeyn." J. C. Fryenmoet. The Coetus had great hopes of success in this matter, on account of the peculiar success of Mr. Schlatter in 1751, when he visited Europe in behalf of the German churches. But the circumstances were not altogether similar. Mr. Frelinghuysen did not start in his mission until four and a half years later, (Oct., 1759.) At this same meeting, without waiting further, all the powers of a Classis were assumed, according to the Constitution of the Church, (May 30, 1755.)* Correspondence had been had with Holland during the previous winter, but with not very satisfactory results. It seemed necessary to take this inde- pendent course in order to forestall the plans of the professorship in Kings College, which had been consummated without authority from Holland, * See Smith's N.Y.3M. 42 THE REFORMED CHUECH IX AMEEICA. and, after its first failure, without autliority from the church of New- York. The Coetus at ouce proceeded to license Heury Frelinghuysen, whose case had been pending for some time ; and from year to year they licensed others witliout consulting the wishes of the European Classis. They also at this first meeting censured the opponents of Domiue Goetschius at Hackensack, as well as his colleague, Curteuius, and Domine Haeghoort, who defended him. These parties, in turn, commenced a civil suit against them as disturbers of the peace. When afterward directed to remove these censures by the Classis of Amsterdam, they refused to obey. Subsequently, when Schuyler succeeded Curteniua at Hackensack, they censured him for doing this without their permission. When Domine Ritzema's amendment to the charter of the college became known to the public, there was much dissatisfaction with it, even in his own church. His consistory entered a complaint, August 11, 1755, against his course of conduct in this respect, and ordered it to be entered on their records. As this is an important document for the understanding of this whole mat- ter, and it is diiHcult fairly to condense it, we give it entire. This is also necessary in vindication of the church of New-York. It will be observed that it somewhat modifies the preceding history, as gathered fi'om other documents. 6. Complaint of the Church of SFew-York against Biteema. At a meeting of the consistory of New- York, one of the members pre- sented a writing, with a request that it should be read to the meeting ; which having been done, it was by a majority vote ordered to be recorded in the church book, and fortius purpose given to the president. It runs thus :* " Atestimony and declaration in writing of the elders, deacons and church- masters of the Low Dutch Reformed Protestant Congregation in the City of New- York. "After that the consistory, in the year 1754, had presented a request to the Hon. House of Assembly, in their own name and that of the other Low Dutch Congregations in the Province of New- York, asking certain rights or privileges in the Provincial Academy or College which they were about to establish among us, and had obtained a favorable reply thereto ; it was thought proper to leave the matter to their Honors' prudence and wisdom, not doubting that they, with the consent of the Lieutenant-Governor and the High Council, would lay the foundation and the principles of the said Acad- emy in such a way that the Low Dutch Reformed congregations here, as well as others, would acquiesce therein with joy and satisfaction, and be animat- ed to do their utmost for its upbuilding and advancement, with unity and brotherly love, binding hearts and hands together with all who sought to further the welfare and success of the same. "And seeing that since that time some persons have obtained a charter for a college for the English Church, whose fundamental articles are opposed to * noc. 804. THE EBF0R5IED CH0ECH IN AMERICA. 43 the object of the Provincial Academy, and -wliicliis so strictly limited that almost no privileges or liberties are left to induce other denominations to unite with them, but only a small number of trustees or governors ol the college who are not of that Church, who can easily be overborne in voting by those of the English Church, which has given much offense and dissatis- faction here, especially to those who have at heart their rights and privi- leges. " This being so, notwithstanding Domine John Bitzema, as the oldest minis- ter of our congregation at New-York, allowed himself to qualify as one of the governors of the said college, and took an oath to seek the prosperity of the same, all without the knowledge, advice, or consent of the consis'.ory, nay, against their will and purpose, and iised all diligence to establish said college, together with a pressure to obtain an addition to the charter, pro- viding a Dutch Professor for the Low Dutch people ; which addition, when obtained, is of no essential advantage, being so limited that the said gov- ernors, or the majority of fifteen of them, may, according to their pleasure, under pretense of misconduct, suspend the Dutch Professor, or even displace him from his office, without any liberty of appeal : and, under the appearance of liberties allowed to the Low Dutch Church, they seek to move the members of the Hon. House of Assembly, by a request or petition, to bestow the pub- lic money on the said English Church College, which request, or petition, was signed by Domine Eitzema, as one of the governors, and thereby he in- stigated the Assembly to confirm and ratify the said charter. "And seeing that we, the present ruling consistory, being by God's provi- dence chosen over this congregation to watch for its welfare, and as far as possible hinder any discord or perversity, we can not with a good conscience omit to have noted in the church book the following testimonies, in order that every one of our congregation and those who come after us, may know our solemn convictions of the imprudent conduct of Domine John Ritzema, and also because our silence in so weighty a matter might be taken for a consent and approval. Tlierefore we testify — " 1. That Domine John Bitzema, in allowing himself to be qualified as gov- ernor or overseer of said English Charter College, did this without our knowledge, and therefore without the advice, counsel, or consent of the con- sistory. " 2. That the addition to said charter, which was obtained by means of his reverence, and is said to contain full privileges for our congregation, was prepared incontestably without our knowledge, advice, or counsel, and in no respect answers to our conception of what would be advantageous for the upbuilding of our church, and is dearly bought since it is so fettered by the jurisdiction of other parties that the liberties and rights therein given to the Low Dutch are nothing but a fair show. " 3. That the aforesaid conduct of his reverence with the gentlemen of the English Church, in a matter of so great importance to our congregation, without the knowledge or counsel of the consistory, is contrary to our ex- pectation, against the close bonds which ought to exist between consistory and minister, against the indispensable respect which he ought to show to 44 THE EEF0R3IED CHUECH IN AMERICA. the consistory, against brotherly love, and against the unity and peace of our congregation. " 4. That the strife and discord which have arisen' upon his course, his rev- erence alone is the cause and author of. " Set down, according to the resolution of the consistory, this eleventh of August, 1755. In the name of all. (Signed,) "Lambeetus De Eonde, Pres." Eeply of Eitzema to the Complaint. Domine Eitzema presented an answer to the foregoing writing of the elders, deacons and churchmasters, which, after deliberation, it was thought proper to record, and it was given to the president for that purpose. It is as follows :* " Although it is enough for me to find myself able to refute the greatest part of this paper, yet, since the convictions of conscience concerning truth and falsehood are so different, I must, against my inclinations, mingle in wearisome contentions. I leave the judgment of this paper to the consider- ation of those before whom it comes for consideration, and content myself with peacefully saying — " 1. That I had full power and authority for all that I did. " 3. That I, in this matter, never attacked the consistory, (or any one else,) either in their person or their ofiices, much less the privileges of my church. If the gentlemen consider it their duty to watch over the welfare of the con- gregation, not less do I consider it mine, as I think I have shown in the ac- quiring of such a privilege, which will be sufiBcient till a late posterity, not only for the preservation but for the extension of our Low Dutch Eeformed doctrine and discipline. " 3. As to the privilege itself, I did not mention it to any of your members, because it had not reached the consummation to which I thought to bring it — much less could I obtrude it upon them. If it was not acceptable^ it could better be left where it was, till men saw in it the advantage I did, since no one was prej udiced by my attempt. " 4. If the gentlemen (to pass by other matters now) have the right, accord- ing to their conscience, to say what is stated in article 4, I hope they will not take it ill that I, according to my conscience, apply it to those from whom it came. " I hope then, Eev. sirs, that this paper also will be preserved for posterity, that they may know wherein I have sinned, wherefore I have deserved to be so miserably beaten and branded, as if I had betrayed the Church, and made sale of her privileges ; which, however, I never cease to maintain ; and I entreat my God that he would make me faithful to fulfill the ministry which I have undertaken in the Lord, from whom my reward shall come, even as I am confident that he will never leave nor forsake his own. ' (Signed,) Presented Aug. 12, 1755. " J. Eitzema." * Doc. 805. THE EEFOBMED CHURCH IJT AMEUICA. 45 CHAPTER V. THE DIVIDED CHrHCH. The Confehentie (ok Ministerial Conference) versus the Coetus, OK THE American Classis — 1755-1764 1. At tlie time of tUe regular fall session of the Coetus its opponents found themselves in a sad minority, and outside of the only general ecclesi- astical body. They had their professorship, indeed, in an Episcopal college, but it was disoTf ned by the congregation in whose name it stood. The min- isterial friends of the measure accordingly came together to confer upon their situation, (Sept. 30, 1755.)* They manifested no intention of organiz- ing an opposition body, neither did any elders meet with them for nine years. During this time, also, they kept no minutes of their conferences, but sent joint letters, not every year, to the Classis of Amsterdam, signed by each individual. These letters were filled with grievances against the Coetus. f There were likewise a few ministers who, while they may have had their preferences, did not consort openly with either party. At the first conference there were present Haeghoort, Curtenius, Ritzema, De Ronde and Vanderlinde. Schuyler united himself to this company the following year. It would be interesting to portray briefly the marked char- acteristics of each of these men, but space for the present forbids. The popularity of the measures for a Classis excited just alarm in these men. Their opposition, therefore, became most determined. They are generally regarded as representing learning, and the Coetus as representing practical zeal and industry. The results of the contest were most unhappy, as the division extended itself among the people. It was the great desire of this minority at first to obtain official recogni- tion. They were obliged to lament for several years that their letters were not ans^vered to them personally, but to the Coetus, as the only organized representative body of the Church. The two great objections of the Confer- entie now took the form of hostility to Frelinghuysen's proposed academy and to the American Classis, at least in its present form. They feared for the present a regularly organized Classis, as they were profoundly sure they were in a minority. During the early period of the struggle, (Feb. 18, 175C,)| Frelinghuysen again sought to enter into correspondence with the consistory of New-York, "Amst. Cor., Soc.&ys. t Their letters are very bitter against the Coetus, charging its members with many ecclesiastical irregularities. Their real offense, however, was, that they were determined to have an independent American Church, and American institutions of learning. The ani- mosity became very bitter ; churches were often divided, and neighboring ministers at variance. t Amsl. Cor., Let. 819. 46 THE EEFOEMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. that tliey might fall upon Eome common measures, but his efEort was in- effectual. Even Mancius and Van Hovenbergh, opponents of the Coetus, urged the same consistory to unite with themselves in forming a Classis ; but it was deemed inexpedient, (July 4, 1757.)* Tliree years after the disruption (1758) the original ministers of the Con- ferentie invited those who had never belonged to the Coetus to join them.f They thus swelled their number to eight, with friendly letters from two others, but they still remained a minority. They nonr say tliey "have deemed it among their highest duties to appoint a Conferentie of ministers to deliberate upon the welfare of the congregations, .... because we see that our foundations are undermined, and harmony is more and more impaired, which must end in the downfall of our churches." They charged the Coetus with many irregularities, which were, however, such only from their standpoint ; for had not the Coetus a right, in order to forestall the peculiar plan of a professorship in an Episcopal college, and to meet the absolute necessities of perishing men, especially when the parent Church was unable to supply the demand, for teachers, and unwilling, apparently, to concede the necessary power to organize independently? And eveii the Conferentie party are obliged to acknowledge that " the unanimous cry of all our congregations (1758) is for liberty to admit suitable persons to the preparatory and final examinations here for the ministry, because of our great distance from Holland, and the consequent great expense and danger of the sea voyage in time of war ; and also,' because of the sad conse- quences which they and we have experienced from the unlawful examina- tion and ordination of unfit persons by the so-called Coetus, which, if not hindered by your Reverend Body, we must expect to issue in the total down- fall and ruin of our Church in both doctrine and discipline ; because almo.st all the congregations, being unable to help themselves in any lawful way, will be compelled to avail themselves of this.'' And again they say, "See- ing that we can not exercise the right of examination and ordination without being a Classis, which we will not be without your approbation, and a law- ful appointment of one of the Synods of the fatherland, through your medi- ation—and yet the erection of a Classis seems, for the aforesaid reasons to be necessary for the restoration of our languishing aiurch-we propose the matter for your consideration, and await your will and fatherly advice thereon, whether we, who heartily maintain our subordination to your Reverend Body, may not, through you, once for all, obtain full power to examme and ordain, in the name of the Classis of Amsterdam, such fit per- sons as may present themselves, although we should still be no Classis, but remam m qualitate qua, as subordinate to you. In this way the general desire of the congregations would be met ; the unlawful examinations by tlie brethren, who, although without, or rather against your approval, already act as a Classis, would be ended ; and the true welfare of our Kew- Netherlands Zion be advanced." " In case of the institution of such an Assembly," one of the rules should THE REFORMED CHUKCH IN AMERICA. 47 he, " tliat no important matter be decided by a mere majority ; in order tliat there may be no domineering over brethren, and the Assembly be not abused by ambitious members, who will have every thing their own way,-!t8 we experienced to our sorrow in the old Coetus, where, in the most right- eons matters, we were overruled by a majority, and that oftentimes made up of inexperienced young men." But the Classis of Amsterdam* did not accede to this proposal, (May, 1759,) but earnestly exhorted them to a union on the old footing. 2. Mr. Frelinghuysen at length sailed for Holland, and reached Amster- dam safely, October 10, 1759. He wrote a letter to the consistory of New- York in December,-]- and probably, at the same time, to members of the Coetus. In the meantime, a conference was brought about between the two parties. The meeting was held in New-York City, May 6, 17G0. The Conferentie sent the following propositions to the Coetus.J stating that the Classis had not complied with their proposition, but in view of their earnest exhortation to union, they would agree to unite with the Coe- tus on the old footing, except that in weighty matters a majority should not rule, but the subject should be referred to the Classis. They also declared that as the Classis had expressly forbidden the examination and ordination of students in America, and the Synod of North-Holland had confirmed the same, that they could not approve the proceedings of the brethren in these matters, nor recognize those thus examined and ordained, unless they they had received authority for these acts from the father- land. The Coetus had, indeed, received such authority for the three earlier students whom they had ordained, viz., J. Leydt, Vanderlinde, and Ver- bryok ; but the six later ones, who had been inducted into the ministry by the Coetus and the American Classis without express instructions and per- mission from Holland, viz., Marinus, J. M. Goetschius, H. Frelinghuysen, Barcolo, Hardenbergh, and Van Nist, would, by these terms, find themselves in pastoral charges, indeed, but without a valid ordination. The Coetus, therefore, taking time to consider the whole subject, courteously replied that they were rejoiced to see the inclination of the brethren to unite on the old footing, according to the earnest exhortation of the Classis of Am- sterdam, and that the Coetus were equally anxious for such union. But as to their suggestion that matters should not be decided by a majority iu their assemblies, such a proposition seemed to be in direct conflict with the expressed desire for union ; for the 31st article of the Church Order of the National Synod of Dort says : " If any person conceive himself aggrieved by the decision of a lesser Assembly, he shall have the liberty and right of appealing to a higher ; and that which is determined by a majority of voices in such assembly shall be held decisive and binding unless it can be demonstrated to be contrary to the Word of God and these articles." In reference to the examination and ordination of students in America, the Coetus expressed their regret that the other party disapproved these acts, ' Amet. Cor., Let. eti. ^ Let. S'l. t Docs. aT9-SS!. 48 THE EEFORUED CHURCH IX AMERICA. l)ut declared tliattliey knew of no express prohibition of the Classis or Synod in reference to these matters. Nevertheless they were prepared to show at the proper time and place that such acts were agreeable to God's Word, and to the order of the Reformed Church, as appears from the 31st article of our Confession of Faith, the 4th article of the General Church Order, and the fundamental articles and rules of the Coetus, which must always explain what the old footing is. Tlie 31st article of the Confession of Faith contains the following paragraph : " As for the ministers of God's Word, they have equally the same power and authority, wheresoever they are, as they are all ministers of Christ, the only Universal Bishop, and the only Head of the Church." These propositions were discussed by the brethren of the two parties, but without a satisfactory result. The Conferentie now declared that by the weighty matters -which they were unwilling should be decided by a majority, they meant only ecclesiastical censures and dispositions. They also utterly refused to acknowledge the validity of the more recent ordina- tions of the Coetus. The latter party declared that while they were willing to adhere to the Classis of Amsterdam, yet " ordination was a power given by God, and was inherent in the eldership. They received it not from Classis or Synod, but from God, -who gave it to them with their office." They sustained their views by quoting the work of Voetius on Ecclesiastical Polity, and they were also fortified by private letters from members of the Classis. It appears from the above facts that the Conferentie were in most respects technically right, but practically and morally wrong ; while the Coetus, in their zeal and anxiety to supply the churches with ministers, and conscious of their integrity, were determined, since they could not secure their just rights regularly, and satisfy their consciences before God in reference to their duties to the souls of men, to break through all opposing ecclesiastical barriers. For it is a, self-evident truth, that if ecclesiasticism interferes with our duties to God and man, and no adequate remedy is found. Chris- tians are justiiied in obeying God rather than man. Mere human traditions and rules, when they have unduly accumulated, and stand in the way of the exercise of love, mast be swept away by violence, if they can not be changed peaceably. This is the final right of revolution, under a due Bense of responsibility to God. Thus, after seven years of separation, failed the first efibrt of the two parties to come together. At this time, as we have seen, Eev. Theodore Frelinghuysen was in Hol- land, and had been there for six months. The letter which he mailed to the consistory of New-York in December, 1759, was not received until two months after the above conference, (July 14, 1760.) He desired to receive a reply in Amsterdam before August 1, 1760, but owing to its late arrival the consistory were unable to comply with this request. It has generally been supposed that Mr. Frelinghuysen never returned to this country. He had mado his will on shipboard, while lying in the Narrows, just before his departure for Holland, and left it with the lawyer who drew it, who also received letters from him while abroad. He finally returned to this country THE KEFOEMED CnUECH IN AJIEEICA. 49 as far as Sandy-Hook, and was tliere accidentally drowned before reaching land. His will and the above facts Lave recently been brought to light. 3. The Conferentie seems to have come, at length, into more favor with the Classis, as their numbers had been increased ; and the Classis now wrote to them officially, as well as to the Coetus, (Jan. 13, 1761.) This may have been done to conciliate them. But the subject of debate between the two parties was now, inasmuch as they had failed to unite at their recent conference, committed to the press and presented to the public. Do- mine Leydt, of New-Brunswick, published a pamphlet entitled, "True Liberty, the Way to Peace ; or, Information how the Negotiations seeking for Peace and Union took place, and what has hindered the Happy Consum- mation ; together with a Defense of the Examinations and Ordinations performed by the Coelus, and the Principles exhibited whereupon these have been done." He put as mottoes upon the title-page, " The Truth shall make you Free," and " Stand fast in the Liberty wherewith Christ hath made you Free." This pamphlet was printed in Philadelphia (1761.)* In October, 1761, Leydt had also five hundred copies of the Classical letter which had been sent to the Coetus, under date of Jan. 18, 1761, printed and circulated for the information of the congregations, f Thus was the matter, in a measure, taken out of the exclusive hands of the few, and referred to the general intelligence and good sense of the whole community. Such a procedure was very novel at that day. This really arraigned the Conferen- tie at the bar of public opinion. This was not very agreeable to the latter party. They refer to the fact that the Classis had claimed to be the sole judge of the controversy, (Dec. 1756,) and they now ask of the Classis, in apparent dismay, " Who shall be thejndge?"j: They likewise declare to the Classis that if they do not now decide this matter in a categorical manner, they will lay the whole subject from the beginning before the Synod of North-Holland ; for, say they, it would be impossible for them, without making themselves the scorn of Christendom, to acquiesce in a decision hostile to them. Domine Ritzema as soon as possible published an answer to Ledyt's book, in the latter part of 1761.§ In the meantime, the Coetus party, with un- tiring zeal, under the lead of Verbryck, of Tappan, made application to the Governor of New-Jersey (1761) for a charter for the erection of an academy in that province. Failing the first time, they tried a second and third time from successive Governors. They could not expect to succeed in New-Tork on account of the recent charter for Kings College, and hence their appli- cation in New-Jersey. About the same time (1761) Domine Hardenbergh, who had studied imdei John FreUnghuysen, and afterward married his widow, visited Holland, * TMs pamphlet was translated into Englisb in 1877 by Eev. M. G. Hansen, making 11^ pages of MS. It ia very important for the history of the times. It is numbered 893 in the Amst. Cor. i Letter W5. t Letter 905. § Doc. 906. Translated by Hansen. 50 pp. MS. 4 50 THE EEFOEMED CHTJECH IN AMERICA. wliere lie remained for two years. He had been licensed by tlie American Classis, (1758,) and was one of tliose ministers who would have been dis- qualified if the acts of the Coetus had been nullified. The efficient Theo- dore Frelinghuysen had hardly left Holland before another representative of the party of progress was on hand. Hardenbergh had gone to Holland for the purpose of bringing over his widowed mother-in-law, and he was the first American ordained minister -who visited the fatherland. His personal intercourse and explanations while there, although they do not seem to have had an immediate influence, yet no doubt ultimately tended to the happy consummation — the independence of the Church. The pamphlets of Leydt and Ritzema were sent to Holland, (Feb. 1763,) and acknowledged. Leydt published a rejoinder to Ritzema, (Dec, 17G3,)* and tlie latter again replied.f Tliese pamphlets, exhibiting the radical spirit of the Coetus party, were, no doubt, greatly instrumental in leading both the Classis and the Synod to give decisions in favor of the Conferentie. The result was another conference between the two parties, (June 19, 1764,)^ but the official copy of the action of the Synod failed to arrive in time. The Conferentie ministers brought their elders with them to this conference. Hardenbergh, recently returned from Holland, and well acquainted with tho opinions of all parties there, was present. The Conferentie now requested the Coetus to unite with them on the basis of the decisions of the Classis and Synod.- Domine Leydt, however, vindicated the position of the Coetus by Scrip- ture, asserting that the Word of God gives the right of ordination to minis- ters, as such, equally as to u. Classis. He also sought for arguments in behalf of their independence from their peculiar relations to the English Government. Just a century had passed since the surrender of the Dutch to the English ; being subjects of Great Britain, it was not allowed them to acknowledge a foreign power ; their present political relations gave them ecclesiastical freedom. # Domine Meyer stood strongly on the same ground. He insisted that inas- much as the civil government of Holland could only enforce the ecclesiasti- cal decrees of the State Church in Holland and its dependent colonies, and which they could not pretend to do in America, being under English juris- diction, therefore the Dutch Church in America had a right to its indepen- dence. In the islands of the East and West-Indies, which yet belonged to Holland, the State Church might have an absolute right. But he asserted that the Church of Holland could not even pretend to enforce their authority here, even through the present temporal rulers, by virtue of the articles of Burrender.§ * Doc. 912. 120 pp. MS. ' T-xt™^?;?^;. ^'^i- ^^\.^°^^ trmsUt^d. by Hansen. In Feb. 1763, Ritzema published ,Sf n/nrfi .1 TT >T'''''"''-''°""'''''''^'^'^'^y ^^-^"S-4- l'fi3, favorable to his .«ae. He prefixed a letter to the churches. No. 1001, translated by Hansen. 21 pages of t Doo. 970. I The provincial government, also, for some time had been growin- uneasy in view of the Sncrea^ng number and inflaenee of the nonconforming chur'ehes. They made it a matter THE EEFOEILEB CHUECH IX AMEEICA. 51 A couple of montLs later, being requested by bis consistory to give Lis opinion upon the propriety of yielding or refusing subordination to tbe Cla? sis of Amsterdam, be expressed bis views in writing, tbus : " For tbe satisfaction of my conscience in regard to tlie oatb by wbicb I abj ured all foreign power and autbority, etc. , over tbings ecclesiastical or spiritual in tbis realm, my purpose was to consent no furtber personally to subordination to tbe Classis of Amsterdam, untU I received, tbe explanation of tbe Conferentie, wberein tbis subordination is stated to be sucb as may consist witb tbe oatb wbicb is already taken by some, and may be taken lu- more. But still, to bring no beads on my conscience concerning tbat oatli , and out of fear of acting faitblessly, I find some difficulty in conceding to tbe Classis tbe rigbt and power over our spiritual tbings so long adjudged tbem, by wbicb tbe rigbt of ordination is denied to our ministers and con- gregations, and tbe sole decision of questions concerning ecclesiastical per- sons and assemblies bere is given to tbe Classis. For tLe rest I bave no ob- jection to a Cbristiau and brotberly correspondence; on tbe contrary, I desire in tbis way to be united to tbe Classis." Domine Hardenbergb spread abroad tbe information tbat altbougb tbe Classis and Synod bad tbus written and decreed, yet many ministers and professors in Holland were of a contrary opinion ; but especially Professors Burmau and Bonnet, wbo bad approved tbe erection of an academy bere, and would send to it a suitable person as Professor of Divinity. Tbe Conferentie would not argue tbese points, but simply fell back upon tbe decisions of tbe Classis and tbe Synod. Tbe Coetus party finally declared tbat tbere were certain difficulties in tbose decisions wbicb must first be removed. Tbeir opponents could not explain tbese tbings, and botb parties agreed to refer tbe wbole subject back to tbe Classis and Synod, asking for furtber definite statements on tbese matters. Bat tbe Conferentie exborted tbe Classis not to cbange tbeir decisions, lest confusion sbould be worse con- founded. After tbe witbdrawal of tbe Coetus bretbren from tbis mutual conference, tbe Conferentie formally organized tbemselves into an ecclesiastical body, and styled tbemselves "An, Assemily subordinate to the Eecerend Classis." - At a subsequent meeting (October 8, IT60) tbey adopted tbe original articles and by-laws of tbe Coetus, and subscribed tbeir names anew. Sucb was tbe first result of tbe official recognition of tbem and tbeir cause by tbe Synod and tbe Classis. In concluding tbeir organization tbey Quietly remark : " As tbey have now altered tbe name of Coetus into tbat of an Assembly of Ministers and Elders under tbe Hev. Classis of Amsterdam, tbey bavt: tbougbt good to subscribe tbe foregoing points anew." They felt tbat they could no longer afford to remain a mere unorganized conference of ministers of oflBcial commtmication to the tome government. Ministers were reqnired to lake the oath of fidelity to the King of Great Britain, abjuring all allegiance, civil or ecclesiastical, to any other power. And although this had been the case for a long time, the Ameiicr.n party now took advantage of it to help their cause. They declared that the required oaih to Great Britain was inc«nsistent with their allegiance to the Classis of Amsterdam. Legal opinions were obtained from Wm. Livingston, {Doc, 904,) and Wm. Smith, (JDoc. 988.) * Doc. 1003. 52 THE EEFOEMED CHCECH IN AJIEKICA. "witliout a representation of elders. Had the Classia given them autliority to formally organize anotlier body, and make tlie division more real ? 4. But in the meantime other circumstances were occurring which helped on the cause of ecclesiastical independence. An important discussion arose, especially in the church of New-York, about the introduction of English preaching. This congregation was really waning, owing to the inability of the younger people to sit profitably under Dutch preaching. The first for- mal petition for a stated preacher in English was presented on May 3, 1762, and notwithstanding a vigorous opposition, in which all efforts to pacify the opponents of this novel measure failed, the consistory resolved (July 13) to call an English preacher. There had been several ministers among tlie Dutch clergy previously who could preach acceptably in English, as Drisius, SamuelMegapolensis, Tesschenmaeker, Morgan, and others. Several of them also preached in French, and not a few in German. But the lack of regular English preaching, as well as official patronage, had already driven many into the Episcopal Church, and Wm. Livingston asserts, in a letter to Aaron Burr, (1754,) that the Presbyterians consisted chiefly of the descendants of Dutch parents who could no longer sit profitably under Dutch preaching.* But nothwithstanding these facts, many of the older people could not bear the thought of a change of language. They supposed it would result in the entire absorption of the Church, with loss of distinctive feature. Neverthe- less, De Eonde had already (1763) prepared an abstract of Christian doctrine, founded on the Heidelberg Catechism, with certain forms, in the English language, designed especially for youth. Indeed, De Eonde himself had offered to preach in English if his consistory j udged him qualified. While seeking for a preacher in English the New-York consistory also made 'ar- rangements (July 5, 1763) for a new English version of the Psalter. A for- mal call was also made upon the Eev. Archibald Laidlie, of Flushing, Hol- land, (July 16, 1763,) to become the first regular English preacher in the Dutch Church. f He had been officiating in English for a Scotch congrega- tion in Flushing for fourteen years. He accepted the call and arrived safely the following spring. His consistory requested him soon after (May, 1764) to revise the proof texts of the English versions of the Heidelberg Catechism already in existence, and subsequently requested him to prepare a new ver- sion from the old ones. They also ordered a font of musical type from Hol- land, which safely arrived in due time, and from which an English Psalter, with musical notes, was printed. An English translation of the Hellenbroek Catechism, made by a Peter Lowe, was also presented, and soon after * The call of Domine Laidlie to preach in English wa^ considered as another dreadful innovation, although the younger generation in New- York and vicinity could not under- stand Dutch preaching. Yet Dr. Livingston subsequently declared that this step should have been taken a century before. As early as January 9, 1726, a statement was made from the pnlpit of the H.D.C. in N.Y'.C, that while it was necessary for the Dutch children to learn English for business purposes, they must preserve their Dutch for religion and wor- ship ; parents were charged with neglecting to teach their children Dutch— Mints. Ch. N. T., Eng. Tr., A. 2.37. t See Doc. Hist. iii. 309, 311. The invitation to Laidlie, and his reply were printed in the Christian Intelligencer, February 19 and 86, 1M7. See also Ostrander's Life, pp. 48-53, £9, for the difdculties at Kingston in respect to tho change of language in 1808. THE EEF0K31ED CHURCH IN AlIEEICA. 53 adopted. Tlie progress of tlie Church in its new tongue is seen, in that in September, 1765, two thousand psalm-books and five hundred catechisms were ordered printed in English, and in December, 1766, eighteen hundred volumes, containing the psalter, the catechism, and the liturgy. We pass over the famous lawsuit connected with the introduction of Eng- . list preaching, as this is sufficiently given in Gunu's Life of Litingston.- Suffice it to say that De Ronde finally, by force of circumstances, became the leader of the so-called " Datch party," and suffered not a little in the results. The Assemblt Suboedinate to the Classis op Amsterdam, (or the conpekentib as an organized bodt,) liersus the american" cl/assis, (or the coetus,) — 1764-71. The last action of the Conferentie in coolly daiming to be the true and original Coetus, having indeed their book of minutes, and in organizing as an " Assembly," with delegates appointed by the churches, both clerical and lay, (June 20, 1764,) did not tend directly toward healing the breach. Domi- nes Laidlie and Meyer, who were present at the late conference between the parties, but who, on account of their recent arrival, had not been in- volved in the beginning of the strife, refused to take part in the organiza- tion of the new Assembly. This was far from pleasing to the leaders of that party. The Assembly claimed Blauw, of Fishkill, and the devoted Westerlo, of Albany, although the latter never met with them. The consistory at Albany professed to be neutral. Kerr, the new Genuan minister of New Tork City, joined the Assembly, which, at its formal organization, consisted of nine ministers and twelve elders. The condition of the Church was now sadder than ever. There were two organized bodies within its bounds, one claiming substantial independence, and the other claiming to be the original of the former body, and subor- dinate to the European Classis. Congregations were not unfrequently divided, one part belonging to the American Classis and the other to the new Assembly, each having a consistory of its own. These circumstances necessarily gave rise to many collisions, the details of which we gladly omit.f The Assembly, soon after its formation, wrote to the consistory of Kings- ton that every minister was under obligations to be subordinate to the Classis of Amsterdam, and if any one denied this, he ought, de facto, to be deposed. Yet on account of the peculiar talents of Meyer they advised a little longer patience, but that if he still held out, to call in a neighboring consistory, and proceed in his case. Bitzema also subsequently wrote (Aug. 8, 1764) to Elder Wynkoop, of ♦ Ed. 1829, pp. 131-150. Ed. 1856, p. 362. Eitzcma's reply to the Dntcli remonstrance is printed in Doc. Hist. ill. 310. See Inmshee, 68. + Prudent members of both parties were sadly grieved at this state of thinss. The vary existence of the ChnrcU was threatened. The evil seemed to be without remedy, as both parties were tenacious. Many who hated disccrd joined other denominations. iii THE EEFOEMED CHtJECH IX AMEEICA. Kingston, upon the same matter, calling the recent action of Meyer and others insubordination. He asserted that their submission to the Classis of Am- sterdam did not in any way interfere with their civil relations to Great Brit- ain; that the Dutch Church " is not a mere tolerated Church, as are the Eno-. lish dissenters, but an established Church, according to the articles of sur- render ; and that if they became free from their ecclesiastical relations to Holland, they would be considered only dissenters, and lose their privilei'es as an established Church, and perhaps forfeit their charters, which were given to them as churches in connection with the Netherlands." He also said, in a letter to the Classis, that Meyer ought to be deposed, because he made conscience of tbe civil oath, but not of his signing the formulas. The oath says, " I do declare that no foreign prince, person, prelate, state or potentate, hath, or ought to have, any jurisdiction, power, superiority, do- minion, or authority, ecclesiastical or spiritual, within this realm." This, though well understood to refer chiefly to Papal pretensions, gave room for scruple. The consistory of Kingston invited Domine Cock and another clergyman to visit them (Oct. 9, 1764) and consider their difficulties. But these were of the other party, and could hardly be impartial judges. Cock was arrested the nest morning before leaving Kingston, and was compelled himself to take the disagreeable oath of allegiance to Great Britain, under a penalty of £500.* Toward the close of the winter, (Feb. 38, 1765,) Ritzema published ex- tracts from the Synod of North-Holland, held in 1763, condemning the Ooetus, and favoring the Conferentie, to which he prefised an explanatory preface. He dedicated it to the churches in New-York and New-Jersey. At the second meeting of the Assembly (Oct. 8-10, 1765) ten ministers and twelve elders were present. Domine Ritzema had requested his consistory to appoint the three ministers, with three elders, to this Assembly, " in order to read the letters from the Classis of Amsterdam, and to attend to such matters as should arise." But the consistory declared that they be- longed to neither party, and read over their letter of 1754 to the Classis, in which they acknowledged the authority of the Classis alone. Laidlie planted himself firmly on this ground. The consistory, however, while they refused to appoint delegates, gave Ritzema and De Ronde their free- dom, if they wished to attend as individuals. An ecclesiastical body organized under such auspices was necessarily feeble. They obtained permission, during their brief existence, to license and ordain a single student, Lydekker. The Classis of Amsterdam had sent them the copy of a letter dated June 3, 176o,t directed " To the preachers called the Coetus," in which they were urged to come back to their sub- ordination to the Classis. The Assembly had this letter printed, and scat- tered six hundred copies in Dutch and four hundred in English among the churches. The church in New- York, though neutral, sympathized with the Coetus. Ritzema complains that their Assembly can do little for its friends, " on account of the opposition which prevails on all sides, to which the con- * Voc. Hist. ui. 598. t Letter 1003. Translated by Hanseu. 23 pp. of MS. THE EEFORM£D CHURCH IX AIIEEICA. 55 Bistory of New-Tork gives no little inducement." Tliey therefore proposed, if circumstances did not soon change, to request the Ambassador of the States-General at London to represent to the king the condition of the Dutch Church in America, which had been established by the articles of surrender, that it was oppressed in its liberties and privileges by a band of ministers, who, through a spirit of independency, have torn away from the Xether- landish Church, and cast off their relations to that Church in the face of their own subscription at the beginning of their ministry." They felt assured that this request would be listened to by the king, because the Episcopalians had always regarded them as a national Church, and that charters had been given to churches of both these bodies and to no others. The Assembly held no meeting in 1766, but individuals of that body became guilty of a. gross ecclesiastical irregularity. The opponents of Meyer again invited certain ministers to come and consider their affairs. The suggestions of Eitzema about suspension or deposition were beginning to take form. Domiues Rysdyck, Fryenmoet, and Cock, although contend- ing against ecclesiastical independence, heard charges against lleyer, and suspended him from the ministry, and discharged his congregation from their obligations to him.* But the Classis of Amsterdam refused to indorse this action, and the parties who inflicted it were obliged to ignore it at the future union, whUe Meyer was ultimately elected' to a professorship (1794.) At the next meeting of £he Assembly (May, 1767) only four ministers and three elders were present. The Classis of Amsterdam had approved their official acts ! But in the meantime the Coetus brethren, after great perse- verance, had succeeded, under the lead of Verbryck, in procuring a charter for an academyf (Nov. 10, 1766) for the Dutch alone, in Xew-Jersey. This circumstance was depressing to the Assembly. The location of the proposed academy was not designated. Some wished it to be at New-Brunswick, and some at Hackensack. There was nothing of Coetus or Conferentie in the charter, but it was to be conducted according to the Constitution of the Neth- erlandish Church. Its principal object was to prepare men for the ministry. It was a mistake, however, to make it u. distinctively Dutch institution. But owing to the success in procuring this charter, a correspondence was opened between individuals of the two parties respecting a new effort to find some basis of union. "Accordingly the Assembly adopted certain items as a basis, which were sent to the meeting of the American Classis, which was to meet a week later at Hackensack (May 6, 1767.) No doubt a union was truly desired by all. The Assembly say that they have " learned that there was among the brethren who call themselves the Coetus some movement towards a union with us — a matter which was a source of joy, yet awakened some anxiety as to the way and manner in which this desirable end was to be reached." They continue : " To make a proposal on this subject, breth- *Amst. Cor., Doc. 1025, contains all the papers and a full account of the trial of Meyer. Several copies in Batch and English are in existence. (See i«(ters 100*-1100.) t Copies of this older charterwonld probably be fonnd recorded in the Saryeyor-General's office at Amboy, or in the Secretary of State's office at Trenton. Is there any copy in pri- vate hands ? Eatgers College ought to possess a copy. 56 THE BEFOEMED CUUECH IN AMERICA. ren, Las so mucli difiSculty in itself, tliat even tlie least objectionable one may yet subvert the desired object ; for which reason we have only noted this in advance as what we desire." They insisted on entire subordination to the European Classis, according to the Synodical decree of 1763 ; that they would treat with no ministers but such as were lawfully ordained, or recognized on the recommendation of the parent Classis ; that they would endeavor to arrange to mutual satisfac- tion how the other ministers should be treated ; and that as to American ordinations hereafter, this stumbling-block would be removed when they had suitable candidates and suitable means of education. In the meantime, while these things were under discussion, and until they should have a joint meeting in the fall, the Assembly promised to install no new partisan consistories in any of the congregations. The American Classis did not accept these overtures as a basis of further action. They entirely rejected subordination to the Classis of Amsterdam, and hence this effort came to naught. The Assembly met in the fall (Oct. 6, 7, 1767) for the last time. Eight ministers and six elders were present. Their only act of importance was to authorize the appointment of a partisan consistory in the church of Tappan. In their letter to Europe they re- ferred to several of the local difiBcnlties, and alluded to the colleges thus : " Satisfied ourselves with the plan of getting a Professor of Theology in our academy, (Kings College,) we perceive, nevertheless, that there is another scheme laid, in regard to a new academy to be erected in New-Jersey, by which a student is to be sent hence to the University of Utrecht, where, through the favor of a certain Professor of Theology and some others, he is to be received and study four years, and then come back as Professor of Theology." They therefore requested the Classis of Amsterdam to see to it that no other Classis or theological Faculty meddle with the afifairs of New-Netherlands, the care of which had been entrusted by many Synodical decrees to them alone. CHAPTER VI. EEUNION OF THE TWO PARTIES. — IKDEPEKDENCB GAINED DE FACTO, EOT KOT DE JTJItE. Peotidence. But while no basis of harmony seemed possible to human wisdom, cir- cumstances were occurring which would result in the vmion of the two parties. As the pious John Livingston, of Ancrum, Scotland, had been driven to Holland a century before, and had found a welcome reception by the Rfeormed Church of that land, so now Providence ordered it that a descendant of his should repay the former kindness by becoming a peace- maker to the Reformed Dutch Church in America. John H. Livingston was graduated from TaleCollege in 1763. After some THE EEF0E5IED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 57 hesitation as to his future course, he dedicated himself to the ministry. The question now pressed itself upon his attention whether he should remain in the Dutch Church or join the Presbyterian or the Episcopal. The condition of the Dutch Church was very uninviting just then, not only on account of the division, but on account of the difficulties connected with the change of language. He did not understand Dutch very well ; and, to be useful to all, he would probably be obliged to go to Holland for his theological education and ordination. Nevertheless, he decided to remain in the Church of his fathers. The very troubles which would have repelled most men led him to devote himself to the task of reconciling the parties. And he was not mistaken in his mission. In the summer of 1763 he became acquainted with the devoted Laidlie, and learned all the circumstances of the state of the Church. At length he sailed for Holland, (May 13, 1766,) being the last of the American youth who went thither for education and ordination. It was a fortunate circumstance for the party of independence that they had successively three such able men to represent them in the fatherland in the decade preceding their success. Theodore Frelinghuysen (1760) had urged the necessity of a university for the Church, and of an American Classis. Hardenbergh, an able American ordained minister, (1761-3,) had exerted a happy influence in enlightening public opinion in reference to the wants of the American churches ; and now (1765-70) Livingston was eminently calculated to com- plete the work. He attended lectures at the University of Utrecht, and by Ilia lovely spirit made many friends. He mastered the Dutch language and learned to speak in Latin almost as readily as in his native tongue. He developed in piety as in knowledge, and became a winner of souls while abroad. But his heart was ever seeking to devise plans of peace for the churches in America. He was in constant correspondence with friends at home, especially with an eminent elder, Abram Lott, who had also been treasurer of the province of New-York. When the Coetus party obtained their charter for a college in New-Jersey, (Nov. , 1766,) he labored diligently to make that plan effective. He secured from liberal friends the promise that they would educate a proper American youth as professor in said institution (1767.) He afterward abandoned the plan, lest it should seem to have too partisan a character. After the visit of Dr. Witherspoon in Holland, (1768,) a plan of union was drawn up similar to that which was afterward adopted, except that the American Dutch youth studying for the ministry should be educated at Princeton. It was thought that the Dutch Church could hardly sustain an independent theological professor, and the professors in Holland had confi- dence in Dr. Witherspoon. This plan was laid before the Synod of North- Holland and provisionally approved. In the meantime the Classis of Amsterdam wrote to the American churches concerning the matter. But the Coetus objected to a local union with Princeton, even as they had for- merly objected to a professorship in Kings College. The Conferentie, with the exception of Eysdyck, were utterly opposed to the plan, and gave a 68 THE EEFOEIIED CHURCH IX AMEEICA. negative answer, without even consulting tlieir elders. Tlie Coetus, how- ever, sent a circular letter to the churches to ascertain their general opinion. A committee of the Coetus waited upon the New- York consistory, (May 4, 1769,) representing " their heartfelt inclination for peace, and requested that the consistory would be pleased to act according to their ability to promote that desirable end." The consistory answered that they also had " a heart- felt desire for peace ; but since this project relates peculiarly to them," (the Coetus,) " they should state how they regard it ; whether they approve it, and if not, if they have any observations to make thereupon, and if so, what." It does not appear what reply, if any, the Coetus made. An eflfbrt was now made by the friends of Eitzema (1769) to put him in the theological chair in Kings College, and the Classis of Amsterdam was pleased with the plan, and recommended its adoption, until a college for the Dutch could be erected. But in the state of feeling which existed it was impossible for such a plan to succeed. This circumstance apparently stimulated the Coetus party to still greater efforts. Their chartered academy of 1 766 had deservedly failed, because it ■was too narrow and limited in its design. It was to be distinctively Dutch. They now cut loose from such narrowness of spirit and launched forth upon a more liberal course. They obtained a charter for Queens (now Rutgers) College upon a foundation capable of almost indefinite expansion (March 30, 1770.)* Its preamble states that the people of the Reformed faith and dis- cipline were very numerous, and were desirous of a learned and ■well-quali- fied ministry, and therefore desired a college, not only for the usual reasons, but especially that young men might prepare for the ministry; that the in- conveniences were many and the expenses heavy in procuring ministers from Europe, or sending young men thither for education ; that there was a great necessity for an increased number of ministers, and that a charter was necessary for the preservation of collegiate funds. The charter states that the proposed institution was designed " to promote learning for the benefit of the community, and the advancement of the Prot- estant religion of all denominations; and more especially to remove, as miich as possible, the necessity our said loving subjects have hitherto been under of seudino- their youth intended for the ministry to a foreign courdi'y for education, andofbeing subordinate to a foreign ecclesiastical jurisdiction." The trustees were directed to meet first at Hackensack, in May, 1770. The location of the college was not determined by the charter. The Presi- dent was always to be a member of the Reformed Dutch Church, and could be the Professor of Divinity also, if elected thereto. And while the trustees were to appoint such professors or tutors as they thought necessary, they were always to have one professor or teacher well versed in the English language I The location of this New- Jersey college created no little discussion. The body of the Church was on the banks of the Hudson River ; but should it not be located at a point as accessible as possible to the German churches in " AmsV. Cot'; Doc. 1093. It ia printed in several pamphlets relating to the college, and in Mints, of Oen. Synod, vol. viii. 1850, witli supplementary ajts, 1799, 1S35. THE EEFOKMED CHUKCH IX AMERICA. 59 Pennsylvania? Two Gennan ministers, viz.. Rev.. Philip Wyberg and Jonathan Du Bois, had been named in the charter as trustees. The location was finally determined for New-Brunswick in preference to Hackensack, as the region of the Raritan subscribed most liberally for its endowment. But the charter was obtained by a party, and it could not at once succeed. If, instead of the " expensive and repressive educational routine" of the Con- ferentie, which had paralyzed all extension and left vacant about two-thirds of the pulpits of the Church, the plans of the Coetus had been earlier adopted, how much better it would have been for the denomination ! And if the claims of this college had been more quickly recognized, how much more rapid would have been its progress. As in every good cause, however, patience was still needed, and the ways of Providence would ultimately vindicate themselves. With the completion of the Fulton Street church, and the necessity of another English preacher, the New-Tork consistory determined to call Dr. Livingston (May 30, 1769) to become the colleague of Laidlie, Ritzema and De Ronde. He arrived in ivew-York on September 3, 1770. His piety was of the highest character ; his education abroad placed him above re- proach ; while his learning commanded the respect of all. The neutral position of his church gave him peculiar advantages. His reputation soon gained for him an extensive acquaintance with the ministers of both parties. The Church was weary and ashamed of strife, and was praying for peace. He had obtained from thfi Synod of North-Holland the reference of this whole subject of union to the Classis of Amsterdam, with power. This simplified matters. He brought over a plan provisionally endorsed by the Classis, similar to the former plan, but omitting any proposition to unite with Princeton or Kings College. This plan was discussed privately and by correspondence for a year. At length, when all things seemed to be ready, he proposed to his consistory to invite a general convention of the churches to consider plans of imion. This was heartily agreed to. The following is the invitation : * " Revebeno " The mournful circumstances of the Low Dutch Reformed churches in this land are too well known to all to render it necessary to relate the same to you, who are so well acquainted with the discords existing, and are so ready to heal the breach of Joseph. We hope that the long delayed desire, which has made so many hearts sick, is now at least come t» pass. May it be as a tree of life! We know that letters have come from the hrethren of the Rev. Classis of Amsterdam to the Conferentie, and also to those of the Coe- tus; and they have likewise written to us, approving our efforts to join the hands of the brethren, and if possible, promote the happiness and pros- perity of the Church. We are greatly inclined to this, and think that a general meeting should be held this autumn. We leave it to your better judgment, and desire not to dictate ; but since it necessarily comes before us, and we are conscious that your inclination is for union, we ofier oui- ser- * Amst. Cor., Let. 1107. 60 THE EEFOEMED CHUECH IN AMERICA. vices to lielp in any ivay for tlie attainment of that great end. Since this city is tlie most suitable place for meeting, and tlie middle of October the . best time, in view of tlie season of the year, we fraternally request you, each with an elder, to come to New-York on the third Tuesday of October next, being the 15th of the month, in order then, if it please the Lord, to establish a firm and enduring Church Constitution. With invocation of all health and blessing upon your persons and the congregations committed to you, we have the honor to remain, Rev. and Honored Brethren, " Your affect. Servants and Brethren in the Lord, " J. H. Livingston, Pregt. p. t. "N. Y., in our Consistory meeting, Sept. 4, 1771." The Union Convention, 1771. The wished-for day (Oct. 15, 1771) at length arrived. Every thing was propitious. Dr. Livingston had been appointed by his consistory to wel- come the delegates. De Ronde, formerly one of the most strenuous of the Conferentie, was appointed to preach a sermon. This he did on Eph, vi. 23 : "Peace be to the brethren, and love, with faith from God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ." It was an elegant and impressive discourse, before a vast assembly, and in which he thanked the brethren for their will- ingness to convene for the purpose of peace and unity, and urged them to the same. He expressed his heartiest wishes for success in their endeav- ors. This was a most happy beginning. I)r. Livingston was elected presi- dent, while the learned Rysdyck and the universally respected Westerlo were chosen clerks. Oat of the thirty-four ministers and the more than one hundred churches now composing the denomination, twenty -two ministers and twenty-five elders, representing in all thirty-four churches, were present. Of the whole ministry of the Church at this time (1771) fifteen were Euro- peans, eight of whom were in this convention ; eleven had been ordained in America, nine of whom were present ; while there were eight ministers remaining of those who had gone to Holland for ordination, of whom five were present. As to the parties into which the Church was divided, while several on either side had died, there were now eleven ministers recognized as belonging to the Conferentie, of whom seven were in this convention ; there were thirteen acknowledged Coetus men, of whom ten were present ; and there were ten accounted more or less neutral, of whom five were pres- ent. Westerlo was accounted a neutral in the convention, although his name appears the year before in the charter of Queens College, which wris secured by the Coetus party. It is also remarkable that he did not finally sign the articles of union, but no doubt because his congregation yet stood aloof. A committee of twelve was appointed, representing equally the three sec- tions of the convention, and composed equally of ministers and elders. The Conferentie was represented by De Ronde and Rysdyck, with elders Van Zandt and Snediker. De Ronde had passed through a bitter experience, and came to the work of reconciliation with a chastened spirit. His almost invol- untary lead of the " Dutch party " for several years previously, and their THE EEFOEMED CHTJECH IN ASLEEICA. 61 utter discomfiture in tUe lawsuit, and great pecuniary expense, witli the ricli spiritual success of Laidlie's preacliing in English, softened his heart, and qualified him to utter the opening sermon on peace and love ; while Bysdyck, who, alone of his party, was willing to endorse the previous plan of union with Princeton, had thereby manifested his pacific disposition. The Coetus was represented by Hardenbergh and Verbryck, with the elders Fisher and Zabriskie. All of these had been named a year and a half before among the original trustees of Queens College. It must have re- quired no little grace in such enterprising men to ignore all reference to their new charter in the plan of union ; or did these far-sighted men under- stand that, though their college must for the moment be ignored, circum- stances would surely, in time, mate its necessity felt ? The neutral brethren were represented by Livingston and Westerlo, with the elders Roosevelt and Gansevoort. Westerlo, for eleven years, had pre- served the confidence and respect of both parties, while he had formally united with neither. Dr. Livingston was, of course, the principal agent in the whole transaction. The plan* brought from Holland, and already endorsed provisionally, was now presented. It was admirably adapted to conciliate all parties. Only slight amendments were made, when it was unanimously adopted in the com- mittee. The Assembly likewise adopted it without a dissenting voice. It was to have no force until finally approved by the Classis of Amsterdam. This satisfied the Conferentie, while the substantial independence gained satisfied the Coetus. The preamble acknowledged a bond of union with the Church in Holland, but stated that certain misunderstandings had grown up respecting it ; and to prevent these misunderstandings in the future, and in accordance with the advice of the Classis, they now united and pledged themselves to regu- late their ecclesiastical government and union with the Mother Church in Holland in the following manner : They would abide by the doctrines of the Ketherland Reformed Church and its Constitution as established in the Synod of Dort. One general body and five particular bodies were to be organized, which were to meet annu- ally. This general body was to assume the long-desired privilege of licens- ing and ordaining men to the ministry ; but the names of all such, together with the names of all newly-called ministers, and of such as changed their locations, were to be transmitted to Holland for registration, together with a copy of their acts from year to year. Appeals might also be carried to Holland. One or more professors were to be chosen from the Netherlands with the advice of the Classis, but they were to have no connection with any English academies. This plainly refers to Kings College and to Prince- ton. Does it also include New-Branswick ? But inasmuch as this professor- ship could not become available for a considerable time, those students who *Boemii&nt 1110 in Amst Cor. See Manual 1869, p. 10. Several traDsIations of this liave been made. The one in Minis. Gen. Syn. vol. i. pp. 1-20, was made by Rev. Wm. Dema- rest, about 1856. Dr. Schoonmaker'e translation is foimd as an Appendix to Jlints. cf Gen. Syn. of 1815, vol. ii. 62 THE EEF0E5IED CHUBCH IN AMEEICA. had studied under different ministers were to be provisionally examined in the next General Assembly. Certain articles were added respecting the healing of disputes and the recognition of ministers whom the Coetus had ordained without permission. This whole plan was to be ratified by the Classis of Amsterdam before it was of any binding authority. Upon its endorsement by the conventioni " each member shall provisionally give the other the hand of fellowship, in hope that the reverend Classis, as well as our congregations, will approve this plan." Copies of this plan were then transmitted to the several churches and to the Classis of Amsterdam, and arrangements made for another meeting as soon as answers were received. A letter from the convention to the Classis* accompanied the plan, and another from the New- York consistory, f Answers of congratulation were received. In their reply to the New-York consistory (Jan. 14, 1773) the Classis says, " Concerning the professorate, we can determine nothing ; that must be left to the general meeting of the brethren ; meanwhile it occurs that, possibly, in the pressing necessity there is for a Professor of Theology, the brethren might find in their own body a suitable person, who, though not born in the Netherlands, has studied and received his ordination there." t A second convention was now called, according to arrangement, (June 16, 1773.)§ Twenty-six ministers were present and forty-three elders. The Class- ical letter to the Convention, approving the plan of union, was read, to the general joy of all. It is as follows : || The Letter of the Classis oe Amsterdam. To the Convention of United Brethren, Ministers, and Elders of the Seformed Dutch Churches in' New- York and New-Jersey : Reverend and Much Respected Brethren : We received your friendly letter, with the accompanying documents, dated October 18th, just previous to the close of the year, and in season to present them at the first Classical meeting in the new year, that they might take them into consideration, and communicate the result of their deliberations as speedily as practicable. We have learned from the documents you have sent to us, with great joy, that the God of peace has inclined the hearts of the brethren, long divided by unhappy contention, to seek delightful peace and reunion in brotherly love ; so that, by the friendly invitation of the consistory of the church ia New- York, most of them assembled in that city, and, after a session of four days, were reconciled and united to each other. We also learn that the absent brethren, mostly prevented by circumstances of a domestic nature, have given the assured hope that they will be satisfied with the plan of union. We have not in a long time been so much rejoiced by gratifying intelligence from our churches in foreign lands as by that now received from you, which ia "good tidings from a far country," like water, refreshing to * Amst. Cor., Let. 1111 ; this was printed in Christian Intelligencer, Aug. 19, 1832. Mdternii. t Letter 1122. % Document U2S. I Amst. Cor., Let 1121. TUB KEFOBMED CHURCH IX AMEEICA. 63 ovir souls, weary and tliirsty by reason of our former correspondence in rela- tion to existing diflBculties. Well may vre, in tbe congregation of God's people, offer up our joyful songs of praise to the God of peace. We desire, with our whole hearts, and in pure, disinterested love to the brethren and the Church, that this peace and union may be universal, and prove perpetual The pious zeal of the consistory of Xew-Tork ; the willingness and readiness of the brethren to respond to their invitation to assemble in convention ; the pious and edifying character of their deliberations during their session of four days ; and the declared assent of most of their absent bfethren, con- spire to warrant the well-grounded hope that such will be the result. In order speedily to confirm and bring to conclusion this sacred work of peace, and to allow no languor or delay, we have in our Classical meeting atten- tively read and maturely considered the proposed articles adopted by the brethren present as a basis of union. These articles essentially correspond with, the plan heretofore proposed by us, and appear to be wisely adapted to the peculiar circumstances and condition of the churches of Xew-York and Xew-Jersey. The Classis, cordially desirous to see peace and harmony restored and established among iheir brethren in the common faith in America, wish it to be extensively published that they have heartily and unanimously approved the plan of union, without proposing any alteration or addition ; and they express their ardent hope that the brethren not pres- ent at the convention lately held in Sew-Tork may be animated with the same zeal for the attainment of peace and harmony, and adopt the plan of union without suggesting any material alteration. We trust that our full approbatipn will tend to promote this most desirable end in your entire unanimity. Still , the general convention of the united brethren and churches not only claims the freedom, but (according to the import of the articles now approved by us) feels itself bound further to make such stipulations and additions as the interests and welfare of the churches may require. We, therefore, request the brethren who have signed the articles"of the plan of union (having entire confidence in their love of and devotion to the cause of peace) to employ all tUeir efforts for the accomplish- ment of the proposed object, and especially to seek the reconciliation of the church at Kingston with their minister. Rev. H. Meyer. We are rejoiced to hear that he yielded, with the other brethren, his full approbation to the articled of union, and liope that the reconciliation between him and the church may soon be effected, through the kind mediation of the brethren, unto mutual satisfaction and rejoicing. We cheer ourselves with the hope which you have expressed to us, that when our ready and full approbation of the articles of union shall he sent to those particular churches which have not signed them, it will exert such a strong influence as to lead to their acquiescence and approbation. Thus, a speedy adoption of the articles as conditions of peace will, before long, bring to an end all divisions and dissensions, cause them to be ever forgotten, and unite the hearts of the brethren so closely that they shall continually remain a well-cemented body, abiding in one spirit, and with one accord striving for the faith of the gospel. Thus shall the mother Church of the Xetherlands remain in close C4 THE EEFOEMED CHURCH IN AMEKICA. connection with lier daughter dwelling in a distant country, in the unity of faith and love, and huilt on one common constitution. Thus, also, the churches of New-York and New Jersey may successfully appeal to the civil authorities, with good hope of success, for the maintenance of their ecclesi- astical freedom and privileges, preserving fully the character of Reformed Dutch churches, as originally organized. Thus may our Reformed Church in your land, in the midst of so many denominations as surround her, exhibit the beautiful and attractive appearance of the Lamh's bridal Church, "Fair as the moon, clear as the sun, and terrible as an army with banners." Over your peaceful Church, animated by truth and love, inseparable, united, God will command his " blessing, even life forevermore, " even as "on a habi- tation of righteousness and a mountain of holiness," the fragrance of which shall spread all around, and attract many to her communion, as members of the "one body in Christ." Nothing can prove more delightful to us who have, with a disinterested spirit, strongly exhorted the brethren to a recon- ciliation and union, and, ^t the same time, to a close, correspondence with the Reformed Church of Holland, and continued attachment to her faith and order, than henceforth to see the Churches of New- York and New-Jersey a true Philadelphia, where the Lord loves to dwell. For this end we entreat, in behalf of the brethren and churches, the direction of the " wisdom which is from above, which is first pure, then peaceable, gentle, easy to be entreated, full of good fruits, without partiality and without hypocrisy. " May the hearts of all flow together into one, and be bound together in love, which is the bond of perfectness. Thus, "the fruit of righteousness shall be sown in peace of them that make peace ; " yea, the God of peace shall impart the earnest of salvation to those on whom he pronounces the blessedness of the peacemaker, and furnish therein the evidence of their heavenly sonship. Commending you to God's manifold and best blessing for this and continued years, yourselves, your families, your churches, and ecclesiastical assem- blies, We remain, reverend and respected brethren, with true brotherly love and regard, your fellow-servants and brethren in Christ, N. Tetterode, V.D.M. Amst. et Deputaiorum Classis ad res exteras, h. t. Praeses. J0HA.NNIS Arjt. Eck, V.D.M. Amst. et Dep. Classis ad res exteras, h. t. p. Scriha. Amsterdam : Done in Classical Session, Jan. 14, 1773. The plan of union was now subscribed by almost all the delegates present, and arrangements were made for the subscription of those congregations not represented, by inserting the plan in the minutes of the new Classes which were about to be organized. During the sixteen years of division the Coetus had ordained nine men, and the Confereutie but a single one. Thir- teen ministers had come from Holland during the same period to serve the churches, which were now about one hundred in number (1773.) Twenty- seven of these had been organized during the period of strife, not from strife THE KEFORIIKD CIIUECH IX AMERICA. 65 in general, but from necessity. A lialf dozen or more of the whole number had originally been French Reformed and about twenty German Eeformed, (all in the province of Xew-Xetherland,) most of which were gradually Hol- landized, and ultimately Anglicized as to language. In these one hundred churches, during the century and a half of colonial dependence, one hundred and twelve ministers had officiated, of whom thirty-four were living at the union of the two parties. CHAPTER Til. THE TrtAXSmONAl PEEIOD — 1771-93. The Church was now substantially independent, but twenty-one years more were required before it dared to assert unequivocally its majority by, a new Constitution. The Articles of Union betray the extreme delicacy of the situation : " We organize .... such ecclesiastical bodies as are consistent with the government and constitution of the Church of the Neth- erlands, and our relation to the same, and under such titles as sTwM Itereafler ie determined. They shall provisionally be called a General Body and Partic- ular Bodies." These bodies corresponded in every respect to a Synod and Classes, except the Particular Bodies were not allowed to license and ordain men for the ministry. They could approve of calls made on ordained minis- ters, but not of calls made on candidates. Even this was yet jealously reserved to the General Body ! It had once been claimed that the Coetus, according to Church Order, was an anomalous body. There does not appear any reference to the fact that the present arrangement was equally anoma- lous. A few ministers and churches continued to stand aloof from this union for several years, but in the main harmony was restored, and the two parties cordially cooperated ; for it was not policy now which chiefly bound them together, but Christian love. The time of the new General Body, until the opening of the war, was occupied with efforts to conciliate the few outstanding congregations, to establish peace and harmony in certain districts where strife had reigned ; in discussing the best manner of initiating a ministerial Widows' Fund, and especially in considering that great and most important subject of all, the Professorate. Each of the Particular Bodies likewise deliberated upon this topic from year to year. Negotiations were beg^n, within a year and a half after the consummation of the Union, (October, 1773,) between the trustees of Queens College and the Church. The trustees had raised, within two years after their charter was granted, funds from New-Jersey alone, for the endowment of the college, to the amount of $30,000. They now wrote * to the Classis of Amsterdam, and to the -Theological Faculty of the University of Utrecht, asking them to recommend a proper person to be both President of their college and Professor of Divinity therein, believing that such an arrange- * Letters 1137, 1138, 1142, 1143. 66 THE HEFORMBD CHUECH in AMERICA. ment would also recommend their institution to the approval of the Church. They urged upon the Church that New-Brunswick was the most proper place for the professor's residence. The college was already located there, and they would call the professor elected by the Church as the President of their institution, thus lightening the hurden of expense for each. The General Body was pleased with the plan, but the recent division was yet too fresh to make it practicable. (Rutgers College.) But the colonial period was about to end. A darli war cloud was begin- ning to loom up ominously on the horizon. Tlie " Sons of Liberty" were busily at work. Two months before the battle of Bunker Hill the Church appointed a, day of humiliation and prayer in behalf of the evils which seemed to be threatening the land. During the mighty struggle the Re- formed Dutch Church was in hearty sympathy with the cause of freedom. Her pulpits " rang with stirring appeals, which roused the patriotic ardor and inspired the martial courage of the people." The scene of the war was chiefly on the territory of the Dutch Church, and not a few of her church- buildings were destroyed, and her ministers were often driven from their homes.* The Church memorialized the Legislature of New- York in 1780, speaking of the present just and necessary war. At its close, Domine Rubel was deposed for certain immoralities and for his Toryism. The mere mention of the names of Schuneman, Hardenbergh, Foering, Romeyn, Liv- ingston, Westerlo, Du Bois, Leydt, and many others in the ministry, at once suggest the stories of their patriotism. As soon as Independence was gained it was resolved to drop the awkward names of General and Particular Bodies, and to assume tbe names of Synod and Classes. In the same year the Synod elected Dr. John H. Livingston as their Professor of Theology, and Dr. Hermanns Meyer as Instructor in the Inspired Languages. (Theological Seminaries.) In 1788 a, committee was appointed to translate and publish the doctrinal symbols of the Church and the articles of Church government. In reference to the latter some modifications were found to be necessary to adapt them to the American Church. Hence, while preserving the Eighty-four Articles of Dort on . Church Order, there were added to these seventy-three Explanatory Arti- cles, showing how the former were to be applied to the American Dutch Church. The Explanatory Articles particularly enlarged on the subject of candi- dates, their qualifications, the manner of their entering the ministry, and the privileges which belonged to them as such ; a formula which licentiates must subscribe was also incorporated, as well as a formula for the subscrip- tions of ministers before ordination. Article VIII. of Dort permitted dispen- sations from the full course of studies by permission of the Synod. No remarks were made upon this. The subject of ministers emeriti was some- what enlarged upon, as well as the parity of ministers, styling them all Bishops. The brief Article XVIII. of Dort, relating to Professors of The- ology was elaborated into seven Explanatory Articles. The particular duties of elders and deacons were explained more fully, as well as the desirability * See Dr. J. A. Todd's Centennial Discourse, 1870. ■ftlE EEFOEMED CHrECH IN' AMEEICA. 07 of calling a Great Consistory in all important matters. An article wns added on Churclimasters, (Es. Art. XXX.,) ivliicli ivas a committee on repaiis of churclies, parsonages and school-buildings, who were to execute the orders of the consistory. The brief ^irticle XXXr\'^II. of Dort on Consistories was elaborated into five Explanatory Articles, referring to discipline and the matter of ministerial calls. Our present form of call was now for the first prepared and inserted. It was composed by Domine Westerlo. The par- ticular powers and duties of the Classes were more fully defined in some particulars. The power of examining students was given to the Classes, although a student or licentiate could yet be examined by the Particular Synod, if he so preferred. The deputies of the Synod were always to. be present at examinations by the Classes, and to report to the Synod. The Article of Dort XLI. directing the President of tlie Classis to inquire of the respective members "whether Church discipline be exercised; whether the poor and the schools be properly taken care of; and whether they stand in need of the advice and assistance of the Classes in any thing respecting the regulation of their churches;" and Article XLIV., directing each Classis to appoint tvdtors, "whose business it shall be to inquirn whether the ministers, consistories and schoolmasters do faithfully discharge their ofBces ; whether they adhere to sound doctrine ; whether they observe in all things the received discipline," etc., were expounded in Explanatory Article XLIV.: "Once every year the Classis shall direct what shall bo deemed necessary and practicable with regard to the visitation of the churches within their respective jurisdictions, and report the same to the Synod. For the more uniform and proper execution of this important duty, such particular questions and inquiries as shall be agreed upon in any General Synod for that purpose shall be inserted in the book of records of every Classis, and by the visitors be faithfully proposed to the minister, elders, and deacons of every congregation in their respective visitations." The particular powers and duties of the General Synod and of Particular Synods were more fully defined. The latter were to be representative bodies, consisting of two ministers and two elders from each Classis. They might yet examine and license students. They were " to exchange every year a copy of their acts with the Synod of Xorth-Holland, and express in their letters the desire of the Reformed Church in America, to preserve a connection and cultivate a correspondence which they highly esteem and have found to be beneficial." Ex. Art. 50. It had been found impracticable in Holland to hold a triennial General Synod, (notwithstanding Article L. of Dort so directed,) owing chiefly to certain civil complications. Hence the several Particular Synods in Hol- land exercised each the powers of a General Synod within their respective local jurisdictions, and adopted a mutual correspondence. The General Synod in Holland, according to the above article, was to consist of two min- isters and two elders from every Particular Synod both of the Dutch and Walloon Churches. But in America it was determined that the General Synod should be conventional, consisting of all the ministers in the Church and an elder from each congregation. It was to meet triennially. The C8 THE EBFOKMED CHUECII IX AMKIUCA. General Synod, however, was given the privilege of changing its conven- tional character to a representative character by resolution. Explanatory Article LIX. is also worthy of special mention, as showing the position of the Church at that time on slavery : " In the Church there is no difference between bond and free, but all are one in Christ. Whenever, therefore, slaves or black people shall be baptized, or become members in full communion of the Churcli, they shall be admitted to equal privileges with all other members of the same standing ; and their infant children shall be entitled to baptism, and in every respect be treated with the same attention that the children of white or free parents are in the Church. Any minister who, upon any pretense, shall refuse to admit slaves or their chil- dren to the privileges to which they are entitled, shall, upon complaint being exhibited and proved, be severely reprimanded by the Classis to which he bplongs." The subject of godparents or sponsors was declared to be a matter of little importance. The subject of catechising children was emphasized, as well as that of pastoral visitations. The subject of holy days was referred to, advising ministers, at their discretion, to preach on those days, so as to turn people from idleness unto edifying themes. The Synod reviewed this whole work seriatim in 1793, and formally .idopted it. The General Synod was organized on June 3, 1794, and the old Synod became a Particular Synod. For a decade preceding, the terms Gen- eral and Particular had been applied indiscriminately to the old body. Dur- ing this transitional period no ministers came from Holland. The General Body or Synod licensed and ordained thirty-seven men for the ministry, and directed the Classis of Hackensack to license and ordain one in their name, viz. : Isaac Blauvelt, in 1780. This was done because sickness had twice prevented him from meeting with the Synod. Eleven of these men had entered the ministry before the appointment of the professor, and twenty- seven had subsequently produced the professor's certificate. Wm. Linn had come from the Presbyterians in 1787, and Winslow Paige from the Congre- gationalists in 1793 ; Peter Van Vlierder had come from the West-Indies in tlie same year. There were forty -one accessions to the ministry, and thirty churches organized during this period. The Geiim.4.if Sacred Rhetoric, 1871-1873. Rev. P. Phelps, D.D., Teacher of Sacred Rhetoric, 1873-75. Rev. A. T. Stewaet, D.D., Teacher of Sacred Rhetoric, 1876-77. THE BOARDS. CHAPTER XIV. Domestic Missions. Ftrst Period.— 1786-1806. Until the independence of the American Reformed churches in 1T(2 they were themselves missionary ground. At the' close of the Revolution the list of Dr. Livingston shows eighty-five churches, thirty-two ministers, serving fifty-three of these churches, and two licentiates. But of these ministers, several were old, and soon laid aside, while not a few new settle- ments of families of the Reformed Faith were springing up, presentihg favorable opportunities for church extension. In 1736, the old Synod took the first action on the subject, appointing Messrs. Westerlo, D. Romeyn, H. Schoonmaker, and H. Meyer a committee to devise some plan for sending the gospel to the destitute localities, and to report to the next Synod. This action was induced by a request from the inhabitants of Saratoga to be furnished with the preaching of the Word. The Classis of Albany was requested to attend to their wants, in the meantime, by occasional supplies. Plans were presented the next year, but the subject postponed, and Dr. Hardenbergh added to the committee. They finally recommended that vol- untary collections be taken up in all the congregations, as manifestations of their love, to aid in the extension of the Church. This was the first effort of the kind in our churches. The moneys so collected were to be laid on the tables of the Classes, and through them transferred to the Synod. With these means, ministers and licentiates were enabled to visit destitute localities on short tours, and preach the gospel, and organize churches. Each Classis was also specially directed to look after the destitute fields within its own bounds. In 1791 appeals came from Hardy -County, at the head-waters of the Potomac, in West- Virginia, asking for help. JThey were supplied through the ordination of a Christian physician residing there. (Jennings.) The subject of church extension is found inserted, as an item in the regular business of each Classis, as early as 1790, and moneys began to come into Synod's hands for this cause. A Classis at this time would col- lect from ten to twenty-five pounds annually. The Synod could now begin to act. A committee was appointed to find persons willing to undertake the tours proposed, while the C!a.ssis of Albany was requested still to take spe- cial charge of the needy in their vicinity. The next year, the Synod made the 9 130 THE EEFOEMBD CHUEOH IN AMERICA. Deputati Synodi a committee on church extension, to take entire charge of the matter, and report to the Synod ; but with the constitution of the General Synod, two years later, their duties in this oflSce seem to have ceased. Ap- peals also came from the distant Kentucky, and from the Susquehanna. In 1792, Andrew Gray, of Poughkeepsie, undertook a tour to the latter region, spending six weeks, while his pulpit was supplied by the Synod. Two years later the brethren Cornelison and S. Ostrander consented to make similar tours, the former going up the Delaware as far as the Great Bend, and thence across to the Susquehanna, and down the same to Wyoming, spend- ing eight weeks ; while the latter proceeded from Catskill to Jericho, at the Unadilla, and thence to Schenenas, Cherry Valley, and the Onondaga, for the same length of time. Mr. Cornelison established the first church in our domestic missionary efforts, at Tioga, under the name of the Church of Union, in the Chenango valley, near Binghamton, (1794.) In 1796, the people of Salt River, Mercer County, Ky., forwarded a call to the Classis of New-Brunswick, earnestly requesting them to fill it. They had now been crying for help for six years in vain. Peter Labagh, a stu- dent of Troeligh, offered to visit this field, provided he could be ordained as a rnissionary before going. The Synod consented, and the Classis of Hacken- sack, to which he belonged, put the call in his hands. Furnished with £30, he started.. He organized a church of one hundred families at Salt River, but on account of their distance, their unsettled state, and the improbability of his denomination extending in that remote locality, he returned their call. About the same time, George Brinkerhoff undertook a mission to the Genesee country, spending eight weeks. The Classis of Albany urged again on Synod the duty of devising some effectual way to meet the many prayers which were made for the bread of life. The Synod, however, only postponed the further consideration of their request. In 1797, John Duryee and Peter Stryker, and in 1798, Jacob Sickles and Samuel Smith, undertook similar missions to those already mentioned, but the particulars, with the minutes of 1797, are lost.* At the close of the century all the Classis were forwarding money, (most of the churches contributing,) except the Classis of Kingston, for the cause of church extension. In the meantime, the Classis of Albany became specially prominent for its zeal in this cause. In 1798, they employed Robert McDowell, one of their ministers, as their missionary to Canada, who, in a short time, organ- ized six large churches, embracing more than four hundred families, along the St. Lawrence and the northern shores of Ontario. The people there seemed hungry for the bread of life. In 1800, he permanently settled over three of these churches. (McDowell). Six other missionaries were also employed by them, drawing their expenses from the funds of the Synod. The Synod, ia 1800, formally appointed the Classis of Albany to take charge of all the missionary operations in the North. {M.O.S. i. 307, an interesting report.) With the increase of churches, several new Classes were organized at the opening of the present century. The Classis of Hacken- sack was divided into those of Bergen and Piu'amus ; the Classis of Kings- * These minutes have recently been found. THE EEFOKMED CHUECH IX AMERICA. 131 ton into those of Ulster and Poughkeepsie ; the Classis of Albany into those of Rensselaer, Albany, and Montgomery ; which, together with the Classis of Kew-Yorls and New-Brunswick, made nine in number, in the year 1800. But the cause somewhat languished after this for want of men. The means furnished, also, were small. Yet, in 1804, the first legacy for any of the benevolent operations of the Church was left, by a Christian lady, Sarah De Peyster. Upon inquiry, the Synod informed her executors that the Classis of Albany was their society for receiving such funds. But for eight years, now, Canada had been the sole field of operations. The Classis of New Brunswick complained that there were destitute places within their bounds which ought to participate in the funds. Their churches in Sussex County, N. J., were too far off for the unaided efforts of the ministers. In 1806, therefore, the Particular Synod of Kew York requested the General Synod to resume the immediate management of all ihe missionaiy operations of the Church which had been confided to the Classis of Albany. This was done. Thus ends the first period of twenty years of the njission- ary operations of the Reformed Church. Second Period.— 1806-1832. The Synod now appointed a committee of four ministers and four elders, with plenary powers, to whom should be confided all her missionary operations. They were located in Albany till 1819, when, with the final abandonment of the Canadian missions, they were directed henceforth to locate in New- York. They received all the missionary documents from the Classis of Albany, and the members of the committee held their appoint- ment during the pleasure of Synod. They were known as the " Standing Committee of Missions for the Reformed Dutch Church in America. " This standing committee commenced their operation on the old plan — ^hort tours by settled pastors. But these reported the unsatisfactoriness of such efforts. Messrs. Bork, C. Ten Eyck, and P. D. Froeligh, in 1800, went west from Albany one hundred and fifty miles, thence to Lake Onta^ rio, and down the St. Lawrence to Ogdensburg, and up the same river on the Canada side, and along the lake, all the way round to Niagara, and thence home, visiting many settlements, and organizing five new churches in Canada. Three years later, Messrs. Sickles and H. Ostra,nder traversed the same ground, the parties having spent about three months each time. They found the state of religion very low, though they were treated with civility and kindness. Settled ministers were wanted. The next year, (1810,) John Seattle went over the same route and organized an additional church at York, in Canada, spending nearly five months. From that time till the close of the war with Great Britain, only one laborer visited that region, namely, John Duryee. In 1817, John F. Schermerhorn and Jacob Van Vechten, and in 1818-19, Cornelius Bogardus, again visited those churches, and a Presbyterian licentiate, Mr. Allen, was also employed by the committee. During all this time, (1798-1819,) Mr. McDowell had been faithfully laboring in his own charges in Canada. There were yet eleven of 132 THE EEFOEMED CHUECIi IN AMEEICA. those mission churches existing. They earnestly sought for two more min- isters to settle there and organize a Olassis. But the Church was becoming disheartened by the distance, and the want of men and means. Their missionary funds had not yet exceeded $400 per year. Complaints were heard from many quarters. There were many calls from churches in the Union, and nearer home. By resolution, the field had been limited to Canada and the routes thither. In 1815, Synod permitted operations elsewhere in the States. A mission to Deer Park, (Port Jervis,) by C. C. Eltinge, in 1816, resulted in his settlement there, where he con- tinued for twenty-seven years. With the transfer of the committee to New York, the Canadian churches were quietly abandoned. One minister in each Classis was now written to that the proper fields at home might become known. Some of the Classes had begun to retain their money, for their own missionary necessities. Herkimer, Fulton, Schoharie, Saratoga, Washington, and Warren Counties, N. Y., Sussex, N. J., Pike, Pa., and the locality of Spotswood, N. J., wore the fields now opening to view. A church was soon organized at Spots- wood, through the labors of Van Hook. Isaac Ferris labored for three months along the Mohawk, and received a call to Manheim, but declined. Mr. S^itz followed him there, for the same period. The next year, Messrs. Ketchum and Fort were sent to that locality, and also Mr. Van Hook, after having spent a short time at Stillwater in Sussex County, N. J. Cent societies were also started at this time, in many churches, but with small results. During the thi'ce years of the committee in New-York, besides the church at Spotswood, others were' organized — one at Oppenheim, one at Fayette, Seneca County, and one at Le Eoy, Jeilerson County, N. Y. Eight missionaries had been employed. In 1831, Synod appointed Messrs. Knox, Milledoler, and WoodhuU a committee to draw up a new plan for mission- ary operations, and to report to next Synod. But their action was fore- stalled by individual efforts. At the suggestion of Paschal N. Strong, a number of pious individuals, in January, 1823, organized themselves into a society to be known as "The Missionary Society of the Reformed Dutch Church." The formation of this Society was made known to the Synod, and the matter was referred to the Committee on Missions. Its birth was hailed with joy. Its board of managers was made Synod's Standing Com- mittee on Missions, and all the churches were exhorted to form auxiliary societies, not only for domestic but for foreign missionary operations. Dur- ing this period, three Classes were organized, namely. Long Island, 1813, Philadelphia, 1814, and Washington, 1818. Third Pbeiod— 1822-32. The policy of the new society was to employ as many of the graduates of the seminary as were willing to undertake missions, to have auxiliary socie- ties in every congregation, and to take up collections at the monthly con- certs for prayer. They published reports each year, which were scattered through the churches. This society was the beginning of a new life. It THE EEFOEMED CHUECII IX AMERICA. 130 ■was felt that a brighter day was dawning. Neai'ly $2000 were contributed in the first four months, and the amount increased, in the sixth year, to more than $5000. During the ten years of the existence of this society, they collected more than $30,000, and aided aboQt 100 churches or stations, and 130 missionaries. This society also started, in 1826, the Magazine of ilie R. D. Church, issued monthly, and which, four years later, was trans_ formed into the Christian Intelligencer. They confined their efforts to the then limits of the Church, in strengthen- ing and establishing present organizations, rather than extending. But the Particular Synod of Albany felt at length that they were remote from the Board, and did not receive all the help which their destitute locali- ties demanded, and accordingly, in 1828, the Synod directed that a Northern Board be appointed by the Missionary Society, to act under them. They were accordingly organized, and appointed J. F. Schermerhom their agent, (1829,) to call forth the resources of the Church, and determine the proper missionary fields. There were at the time (1830) 159 ministers, 12 licen- tiates, and 194 churches, of which 33 were vacant, and 26 in need of aid. Mr. S. gave a new impetus to the work of benevolence in the Church. But the Northern Board was dissatisfied with present arrangements. They were, in fact, only a sub-committee of the society in New- York, to which every thing must be finally referred. They were much crippled in their operations. They' could do nothing independently. They kindly asked that the wisdom of Synod would consider the matter. The Missionary So- ciety was not wholly under the control of Synod. Some collisions had occurred. Mr. Schermerhom had been discharged by the N. Y. society in 1830. It was felt that Synod should have full power over all the missionary operations of the Church. Synod accordingly notified the society that the officers whom they had recently elected should be continued during the pres- ent year, but that next year their number should be reduced to 15, (one half,) and Synod would elect them, and they were requested to alter their consti- tution accordingly. Their duties were also Ihnited to the Particular Synod of New- York, while Synod elected 15 for a similar society in the north. Mr. Schermerhoni was also appointed general agent of the Church, at a sal- ary of $1300 a year, to be raised by private subscription. But the old so- ciety in New York refused to conform to the injunction of Synod. In 1831, therefore. Synod changed the basis of all the operations, by constituting the Board of Missions. The benevolence of the Church was for a few years nearly equaUy divided between the two societies, but at length the old society became auxiUary to the new Board. In 1831, forty-five missionary stations were reported. During this period, four Classes were organized, namely, Schenectady, Cayuga, and Schoharie, 1836, and the South Classis' of New'- York, 1838. Fourth Pekiod— 1831 to Pkesbnt Time. This Board of Missions had all the mission operations of the Church com- mitted to its hands. Mr. Schermerhom went at once vigorously to work. 134 THE EEFOEMED CH0ECH IN AM.EEICA. More than $5400 crowned his eEEorts in the first year, and eight new churches were organized and pastors installed over them. Yet there existed great prejudice against the employment of an agent. Unkind remarks were made concerning hun. Dr. C. C. Cuyler, in 1833, ably vindicated the necessity and propriety of the office, and Mr. Schermerhorn was elected a third time to this position ; but he now declined, and Kev. A. H. Dumont was elected in his place. The old Missionary Society continued to send their reports, but Synod declined to take any action on them. Great excite- ment prevailed on the whole subject, for a couple of years, and the church paper was filled with the discussion. Mr. Dumont's effort, for the single year of his service, secured about $5300. But in 1833, for some reason, Synod was mistakenly induced to discontinue the agency ; but with had results, the receipts falling off $2400 the first year. Tlie old Missionary Society now consented to become auxiliary to the Board, and their receipts swelled the total to $5600. The German Church also about this time made informal overtures for united efiorts to help their churches in Central Penn- sylvania. For nine years the Board depended on classical agents. During this time, (1837,) the first church of the denomination was organized in the West, at Fairview, 111. Other churches were subsequently organized in Michigan, Illinois, and the territory of Wisconsin. In 1841, these were sufficient to organize the Classes of Illinois and Michigan, and ten years later the Classis of Holland. The yearly benevolence during this period, for this cause, only amounted to four or five thousand dollars per annum, though it had sometimes exceeded $6000, in earlier years, (1830-35.) About 35 churches per annum received aid from the board. But in 1842 a financial secretary was appointed. Rev. Ransford Wells, to take the general superin- tendence of both the Foreign and Domestic Missions, the Board of Educa- tion, and the Sabbath-School Union. The next year, in consequence of enlarged operations and the need of increased services, a division of duties was made— those pertaining to the western missions being placed in the hands of Rev. B. C. Taylor, and those pertaining to the eastern, in the hands of Rev. G. H. Fisher. The cause was now in a prosperous condi- tion. Many churches were organized and assisted. In 1844, however, Dr. Wells resigned, and the loss of the financial agent was plainly visible. During the last year of his labors, the receipts of the Board reached the sum of $9516, and the subsequent year they decreased nearly $3000. The name of the Board was also at this time changed from the " Board of Missions" to the "Board of Domestic Missions of General Synod." The secretaries of the east and the west continued their labors till 1849. In 1845, the Synod appointed Rev. Dr. Ferris to visit the western field and report its condition. About this time also the large immigration of Hollanders be- gan ; they settled in Michigan and adjoining States. These naturally, to a large extent, united with the Reformed Church. They were driven hither by religious persecution. (See p. 74.) Operations were soon greatly enlarged, and in 1849 the Board was reorganized, and Rev. John Garretson chosen as the secretaiy. During the following decade of years no less than one hundred and fifty THE EEFOEMED CHUECH IN AMBEICA. 135 new churches were organized, many of them under the auspices of the Domestic Board. During this same time the receipts more than doubled, reaching, in the year of Dr. Garretson's resignation, tlie sum of nearly $17,000. Rev. Anson Du Bois succeeded Dr. Garretson, and having served in this capacity for three years. Rev. Goyn Talmage took his place. Rev. Cyrus Vanderveer succeeded for a brief space, (July, 1867 — April, 1868,) and the position is now occupied by Rev. Jacob West, D.D. The receipts for the year ending April, 1878, were $27,543. The number of Classes during the existence of this Board has more than doubled. The Board during the year 1878 employed ninety-seven laborers and assisted one hundred and two churches. These churches contributed to the funds of the Board, for the year ending April, 1878, about $1330. The Board of Domestic Missions was incorporated in 1867, and now holds its own funds, these having been previously held by the Board of Coriioration. In 1854, the plan of a Church Building Fund was proposed, in accord- ance with a i)ro vision in the original constitution of the Board. The origi- nal design was to secure a capital fund of not less than $25,000, to loan to feeble churches, for the erection of their buildings, to an amount not to exceed one fifth of the cost of such building. The Board of Corporation was to take a first bond and mortgage of the consistory, exacting no interest, but said bond becoming immediately payable in case of any change of ecclesiastical relations. But nothing effectual was done for several years. In 1861, and again in 1863, the plan was modified ; henceforth applications from churches were only to come through the Classis, stating the amount required, and the amount to be raised by the people. A first bond and mortgage was to be gi^'en, payable in one year, the interest to be remitted at the discretion of the Board ; but then such church was to take up a yearly collection for the fund. Every church aided was expected to pay back the aid received, as soon as possible ; no church can receive aid which would have a debt remaining. This fund has now reached an amount of about $60,000, most of which has been loaned to feeble churches. See Chro- nological List of Churches in Appendix. ' CHAPTER XV. FoEEiGiq- Missions. The Church of the Netherlands. The Reformed Church of the Netherlands, more than two centuries ago, preached the gospel to the heathen as opportunities were presented. The merchants of the United Provinces were enterprismg, the seamen full of courage, and, organized as an East-India Company, they established com- mercial colonies at many points upon the coast of Asia, and on many of the contiguous islands. The company, the government, and the church worked together to supply the settlements with Christian pastors. These godly 136 THE EBFOKMBD CHURCH IN AMERICA. men were moved with compassion for the multitudes of heatheu surround, ing them. They learned many of the languages of Asia, preached to Bud- dhists and Mohammedans, and translated Christian books into Tamil, Malay, Chinese, etc. The government and church at home assisted the colonial pastors generously, although not always wisely. The first clergyman from Holland arrived in Batavia in the year 1598. In 1630, Christian worship was fully established. It was at first conducted in the Portuguese and Chinese languages. Eev. Messrs. Dubbledryk and Can- didus were probably the first ministers sent to the East-Indies. The former was soon suspended for immoral conduct ; the latter, by insisting upon monogamy among the natives, awakened such a spirit of opposition that it was considered prudent to transfer him to Formosa in 1637, the government cautioning him not to give offense to the Chinese and Japanese emperors. Soon after 1630, the Netherlands East India Company supported clergy- men of the Eeformed Church in Ceylon, Sumatra, Java, Amboyna, Eerem- rla, Isles of Banda, OoromandM,^ Surat, GJiina, TPormosa, Siam, and Ja/pan. In all these countries, or dependencies, churches and school-houses were built by the combined action of the company, the government, the church at home, and the colonists. Many translations were made. For the use of the Tamils of Ceylon and India the BiBle was partially translated. Versions were also made in Chi- nese and Malay of portions of the Scriptures. The catechism of the Church was published in Tamil, Chinese, and Malay, and was translated into some of the more local dialects. It is stated in Newcomb's Encyclopedia of Missions, upon what authority we do not know, that the clergymen of the Reformed Church in Asia did not learn the language of the natives, but preached through interpreters. This is no doubt true of some, but not of all, for there is sufficient proof that translations were made ; they are in existence to this day. To thousands of men the gospel was preached. In the province of Jaffna alone, in Ceylon, there were thirty-four churches appropriated to the use of the native population, in which 63,000 hearers gathered, exclusive of 3000 baptized slaves, while the schools connected with them had over 16,000 native children in regular attendance. Thousands of natives in Ceylon, in Batavia, in Formosa, were baptized on professing an intellectual assent to the word of God. It is unnecessary to quote the number reported and on record. In accordance with the universal practice of the Christian Church of that day, men were unwisely admitted to church-fellowship if able to give a tolerably clear statement of essential doctrines, and on expressing a belief in the same. Evidences of conversion and a statement of Christian experi- ence were nowhere required. Besides this, employment under the govern- ment was given only to the natives who had made such a profession. This, too, was in accordance with almost universal custom. Intended as an encouragement, it acted mainly, almost exclusively, as a bribe.* * In Great Britain, Nonconformists were cxcludecl from oflicc, and every denomination included large numbers of men wlio had professed only an intellectual assent to the truth. In New-England, when it was proposed that candidates for church-membership should give THE EEFOEMBD CHUECH IN AMEEICA. 187 The disposition of the Church of the Netherlands may be learned from the fact that, between 1615 and 1725, no less than 336 ministers had labored on the islands or mainland of what was then commonly called the East- Indies. Some were only the pastors of the colonists from the United Prov- inces, others were tnily missionaries to the heathen. AVhen the government of the Netherlands was exhausted by long and costly wars, undertaken for the defense and preservation of Christianity and civil liberty, and became unable to reinforce many of its Asiatic commer- cial posts, they were overpowered by the superior numbers of the English ships and forces, and brought under the English government. The English East-India Company not only totally neglected the Clyistian work begun by the Hollanders in Asia, but discouraged and opposed all attempts to win the natives to Christianity. The Holland settlement on Formosa was overpowBred and broken up by Chinese pirates, the home government having neither money nor men to spare for the succor of its colonies ; both had been spent in a teiTible con- flict with the Papacy and despotism. The Church in America. The immigrants from the Netherlands to America had a disposition like that of those who had formed Christian colonies in Asia, and at a very early date their pastors began to preach to the Indians. At various localities in New- York and New-Jersey tradition testifies that the gospel was preached to the red man by the pastors of the Reformed churches, and prayers offered by the people for his conversion and salvation. Kecorded particulars of this work are preserved only in connection with the settlement at Albany. In 1043, Rev. Mr. Megapolensis began to labor among the Mohawk Indians living near what is now called Albany. This was three years previous to the labors of Rev. John Eliot, of Roxbury, Mass., among the Indians of that locality. Large numbers of the Mohawks attended the preaching of Megapolensis, who had become quite a fluent speaker in their language. Many of them were truly converted, baptized, and received into the fellow- ship of the Reformed church of Albany. The baptismal register of that church contains the names of many of these converts, of whom the greater proportion were of adult years. [Megapolensis.] The work, so well begun by this good man, was carried on with equal zeal by his successors in the pastoral office. The Rev. Godfriedus Dellius, settled in Albany in 1683, labored with much success among these red men. During his ministry, in 1691, the Indians petitioned the English Governor, Henry Slaughter, that his excellency " will for the future take an especial care that we maybe instructed in the Christian religion." The Governor evidence of conversion, the proposition met a general and earnest opposition; and in some of the States a man could not obtain office unless lie was a member of the Church. Yet, by writers in Great Britain and New-England, the work of the Eeformerl Church in Asia, from 1015 to about 1720, is almost uniformly presented in such a form as to leave the impression that that Church was guilty of unusual folly. 138 THE KEFOEMBD CHUECH l^T AMERICA. returned a favorable reply. In 1703 the Rev. Mr. Lydius, the successor of Dellius, labored among the Mohawks, receiving the countenance of the Gov- ernor, and having from him a special pecuniary provision in consideration of the work. When Lydius died there were thirty Indian communicants in the church of Albany. [Dellius, Lydius.] The success of the work attracted attention in Great Britain, and in A New OeograpMcal and Historical Grammar, edited by -a Mr. Salmon, and published in Loudon in 1700, a famous book at the time, it is said in regard to the IvTohawks : "At Albany they are all brought to the profession of Christianity, and all baptized ; and some of them seem to have a tolerable notion of it, and have earnestly desired a missionary to be sent among them ; and to encourage this good disposition in them, the Society (for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts) appointed a catechist among them, a native of America, who has resided among them and applied him- self to the study of their language, and met with very good success." The Rev. Mr. Freeman also, the pastor of the Reformed church of Schenec- tady, about 1700, took great pains to instruct the Mohawks who came to that city. He reported to the Society already mentioned that " he had translated into Indian the morning and evening prayers of our liturgy, the whole Gospel of St. Matthew, the first three chapters of Genesis, several chapters of Exodus, several Psalms, many portions of the Scriptures relat- ing to the birth, passion, resurrection, and ascension of our Lord, and sev- eral chapters of the First Epistle to the Corinthians, particularly the fifteenth chapter, proving the resurrection of the dead." He also translated the Ten Commandments and the Apostles' Creed. These translations were pre- sented to the Society, and some of them were printed in the city of New- Tork about 1713. [Fkbbman.] From this early period to the present the Reformed Church which came from the Netherlands to the United States has been heartily engaged in the endeavor to win pagan peoples to the knowledge and love of Christ. Missionary ORaANizATioNS. In November, 1796, the New- York Missionary Society was formed in the city of New-York. The Presbyterian, Reformed, and Baptist Churches were represented in its membership. During the first year of its existence one thousand dollars were contributed for the support of its work. A missionary was sent to the Chickasaw Indians, in Georgia ; aid was granted to the Rev. John Sergeant, a missionary to the Stockbridge Indians, Connecticut ; and an Indian preacher, named Paul Cuffee, was supported amongst the Indians of Suffolk County, Long Island. In 1800, the Society added a, missionary tc the Tuscaroras and Senecas in "Western New- York, employing also, by his request, Nicholas Cusick as a native helper. This work was continued with considerable success for a number of years. The first printed list of oflicers that has come down to us, the one pub- lished in 1799, has the following names : THE EEFORJIED CHUECH I>r AMEKICA. 139 John Eodgers, D.D., President. John H. Livingston, D.D., Vice-President. Mr. Divie Bethune, Ti-easurer. Rev. John M. Mason, Secretary. Rev. Samuel Miller, ClerJc. AVilliam Linn, D.D., "John McKnight, D.D., Rev. Gorcirdus Kuypers, Rev, John N. Abeel, Peter Wilson, LL.D., Thomas Mackaness, Esq., An- thony Post, Esq., Leonard Bleecker, Esq., Mr. George Lindsay, Mr. George Warner, Mr. John Bingham, Mr. John MUls, Directors. A remarkable feature of the method adopted by this organization is found in the " Plan for social iDrayer," adopted January 18th, 1798. By this plan a union prayer-meeting was established by these resolutions : " 1. That the second Wednesday evening of every month, beginning at candlelight, be observed, from February next, by the members of the So- ciety, and all -who are willing to join with them, for the purpose of offering up their prayers and supplications to the God of grace, that he would be pleased to pour out his Spirit on his Church, and send his gospel to ail nations ; and that he would succeed the endeavors of this Society, and all societies instituted on the same principles, and for the same ends. " 2. That these evenings of prayer be observed in rotation, in the churches of this city to whose judicatories they may be acceptable, and of which there is a minister belonging to this Society ; beginning with the Old Presbyterian Church and proceeding next to the Soots Presbyterian Church, next to the New Dutch Church, next to the First Baptist Church, next to the Brick Presbyterian Church, next to the North Dutch Church, and then the service to revert to the place it began ; provided that, if the ministers of any other churches become members of the Society, a due proportion of the services, in the regular course, be performed in said churches." This custom had in it the germ of the monthly concert. Before this Society Eev. John M. Mason, D.D., preached on November 7th, 1797, in the Old Presbyterian Church, in Wall Street, his notable sermon entitled "Messiah's Throne," and on the 23d of April, 1799, (the annual meeting having been adjourned from November 1V98 on account of the rav- ages of the yellow fever,) Rev. John H. Livingston, D.D., preached in the Scots Presbyterian Church, in Cedar Street, his famous sermon on " Christ is all, and in all." Both of these sermons presented the declarations of the Scriptures respecting the extension of the Redeemer's kingdom over the whole world, and enforced the duty of the Church to evangelize all nations. Both of the sermons had a wide circulation, were read by Christians in all parts of Hhe countrj'-, and had much to do with the formation of a desire to engage in the work of foreign missions. The NoHTHEKN MissioNABT SociETT Was formed during a meeting which began at Lansingburgh, N. Y., on the 11th of January, 1797, when a con- stitution was provisionally adopted, and adjourned to meet at Albany, N. Y., on February 14th, 1797, when the constitution was amended, altered, and finally adopted. This society included ministers and members of the 140 THE EBPOKMED CHUECH IN AMERICA. Eefonned, Presbyterian, and Baptist cliurclies. The officers for the first year, most of whom were continued for several years, were as follows : Rev. Dirck Romeyn, D.D., President. Kev. James Proudfit, Vice-President. Rev. John Bassett, Seiretary. Rev. Jonas Coe, Olerk. Rev. Elbert Willet, Treasurer. Revs. Dr. John B. Smith, John Close, Samuel Smith, Isaac Labagh, John B. Johnson, David S. Bogart, William McOauIey, Daniel Itarsh, James Mairs, Jolm Dunlap, Anthony T. Braun, Robert P. Smith, Alexander Proudfit, Jacob Sickles, General James Gordon, Hunloche Woodruff, M.D., Messrs. Ebenezer Clark, Abraham Eights, Isaac Hutton, Jacob Vander- heyden, Abraham Hunu, General Abraham Outhout, Messrs. Elijah Janes, Cornelius P. WyckoS, Directors. This association was similar to that organized in New- York City. It con- tinued to exist till about 1830. It sent missionaries to the Indians of Central and Western New-York. Many were instructed in the truth, and led to repentance toward God, and faith in our Lord Jesus Christ. At about the year 1800, missionary societies were formed in Connecticut, New-Jersey, Massachusetts, and New-Hampshire. All instructed the In- dians in the Word of God ; all also kept in view the work of evangelizing pagan nations. The magazines published by these organizations reported the work of the Moravians, of the London Missionary Society, then engaged on the South-Sea Islands, and of the attempts made to introduce the gospel among the people of Africa and India. By this intelligence, by the sermons preached, the appeals made, a missionary spirit was awakened in all parts of the United States, which at last culminated in the formation of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. . In the year 1816 overtures from the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church and the Synod of the Associate Reformed Church were presented to the General Synod of the Reformed Church, proposing that these bodies should engage in forming a missionary association. The General Synod acceded to the plan and connected itself with the " United Missionary Society." This organization sent missionaries to the American Indians. After a few years, as pecuniary embarrassments increased, it was proposed that the society should be amalgamated, as it was termed, with the Ameri- can Board. The proposition was discussed with much earnestness in the General Synod, and many of the ministry warmly opposed it ; but in 1836 the measure was adopted, and the United Missionary Society merged into the American Board. Not a few, however, in the Refoimed Church were not pleased that the contributions of the churches wore used only for the organization and support of Congregational churches in heathen lands, and that no provision was made for the establishment of churches of our own order. This dissatisfaction increased until 1832, when a plan was adopted by the Board and the Church, under which the Church, while retaining the advantages of a connection with the American Board, was allowed to con- duct missions according to its own ecclesiastical pohty. This arrangement THE KEFOEMED CUUKCH IX AMERICA. 141 continued to the satisfaction of both parties until the SjTiod of 1850. In 1823 "The Missionary Society of the Reformed Dutch Church" was formed. In 1833 the General Synod elected " The Board of Foreign Mis- sions of the Reformed Dutch Church." This superseded the former society, and still exists as the Board of Foreign Missions. In 1856 expression was given through the Board to the growing convic- tion that a separation from the American Board and independent action were necessary, in order to produce a proper sense of responsibility and call out the ability of the Church. The recommendation of the Board was care- fully considered by the General Synod and referred to the Synod of the fol- lowing year. During the sessions held in Ithaca, in 1857, while enjoying unusual evidences of the presence of the Holy Spu-it, the Synod resolved to discontinue the relations that had existed so pleasantly and profitably,^ and to undertalse to govern and maintain its own missionary operation. Through the mercy of God, the attempt has thus far been successful. The Reformed Church has had the privilege of contributing to the worli of foreign missions three very useful men. John Scudder, M.D., in 1819 went from us to India. He was commissioned by the American Board as the medical member of the Ceylon mission. After a few years he was or- dained as a minister of the Word of God. He was one of the pioneers of American missions among the Tamils. God gave him many years, and made him a blessing to many souls. (Scudder, John.) In 1829, the Rev. David Abeel was sent by the Seamen's Friend Society to Canton as a chap- lain. It was thought that by such an appointment Mr. Abeel would be en- abled to learn the language, become acquainted with the customs of China, and perhaps to preach the gospel to the people. In the course of the yea- Mr. Abeel became a missionary of the American Board. He was one of the pioneers of American missions in China. Few men accomplished more in conciliating the Chinese, in informing the Christians of England and America respecting that great nation, and in awakening an interest in their condition. (Abeel, David.) In 1839, C. V. A. Van Dyck, M.D., ap- pointed by the American Board as the missionary physician of the Syria mission, left the Reformed church of Kinderhook, N. Y., for his field of labor. God has granted him the great honor of completing the Arabic ver- sion of the Word of God that had been begun and carried forward for some years by Rev. E)i Smith, D.D. By a council composed of missionaries, which held only that meeting. Dr. Van Dyck was ordained to the gospel ministry. From the. trustees of Rutgers College he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity, never more worthily bestowed. (V^vn Dyck, C. V. A.) The Missions. The Boknbo Mission. — The Rev. David Abeel suggested that if a con- ference were had with the Netherlands Missionary Society, the Refoimed Church might be able to secure special facilities for conducting a mission within some of the colonial possessions of the Dutch government in the East- Indies. He received authority to visit Holland in 1334, and, after interviews 142 THE EEFOKMED CHUECH IN AMERICA. with men of influence and autliority there, he recommended to the Church hero to proceed to establish a mission somewhere within Netherlands India. In the following year Dr. Abeel visited many of our churches, and awakened a great interest in the proposed work. Four- youug men consecrated them- selves to the service of the Church in this new and difficult undertaking. They were Elihu Doty, Elbert Nevius, William Younghlood, of the class which graduated that year, 1836, from the Theological Seminary, and Jacob Ennis, of the class of 18.35. By the action of these brethren and their addresses a more earnest, resolute, and general missionary spirit was aroused in the churches than had ever before existed. Miss A^ubah C. Condict, the sister of Mrs. Nevius, offered herself as an assistant missionary, and was commis- sioned. Borneo was selected as the field to he occupied. This company sailed during the sessions of the General Synod, commended to God by the prayers of that body, while the whole Church was moved by the event. In 1838 Revs. William J. Pohlman and Frederick B. Thompson were accepted as members of this mission, and sailed for the East-Indies. In 1840 a further re-enforcement was sent, consisting of the Eevs. W. T. Van Doren and Isaac P. Stryker. All the ministers appointed to the mission thus far were married, except Mr. Stryker. In 1842 the Kev. Wm. H. Steele, unmarried, sailed for Batavia to join the Borneo Mission. The mission occupied two stations on the Island of Borneo, namely, Sam- bas and Pontianak. Some of the missionaries devoted themselves chiefly to the Chinese colonists ; the others labored amongst the Dyaks. On every Sabbath there was preaching in three languages, Dyak, Malay, and English, at the mission church, and religious instruction was given almost daily dur- ing the week. A school for Malay children was conducted by Mr. Young- blood ; another, for the Chinese, by Mr. Pohlman. Nowhere were the missionaries a,ssailed by ridicule or persecution ; the mission involved a very small expenditure of money, the laborers entreated long for an addition to their force, but Borneo was abandoned. The health of Mrs. JSTevius com- pelled her husband to return with her. Mr. Stryker died in 1842. Messrs. Pohlman and Doty left for China in 1844. In 1847, Thompson died in Switzerland ; Mr. Youngblood's health failed, and, in 1849, he was com- pelled to return to the United States ; and Mr. Steele was summoned home to s'ecruit his health and, if possible, obtain are-enforcement. He made liis appeal to the Theological Seminary and to the churches. No one offered to go to Borneo, and the mission was abandoned. It should be mentioned that the government of the Netherlands compelled our missionaries to reside a year at Batavia before allowing them to proceed to Borneo. Mr. Steele only obtained a partial release from this restriction. His residence in Batavia was not prolonged beyond eight months. The fact that the island of Borneo was ruled by the kingdom of the Netherlands was productive of no benefit, yielded no facilities for the work to the mission, at any time. , The Amot Mission. — In 1843, when Amoy had just been made one of the five open ports of China, Rev. David Abeel, D.D., visited the city, and' re- THE KEF0K3IED CHUECH I-V AMEBICA. 143 ported Ihnt, in his judgment, it presented a promising field for the exercise of the missionary spirit of the Church. He -n-rote also to Messrs. Doty and Pohlman, -who had given themselves to the Chinese of Borneo, to come to Amoy. They wished to go, for their heaits could know no rest among colo- nial Chinese since the gates of the empire itself had been pried open by war. In April, 1844, these two brethren with their families left Borneo for Aiaoy. Before he had an opportunity to enter this inviting field, i[r. Po hlman was drowned, and a useful life, a clear light, was quenched. The Eev. J. Y. X. Talmage, D.D., was commissioned as a member of this mission in 1847 ; Rev. J. S. Joralmon, in IS-Jo ; Revs. Daniel Rapalje and Alvin Ostrom, in 1858 ; Kev. John E. Watkms, in 18C0 ; the Eev. Leonard W. Kip and Augustus Blauvelt, in ISCl ; Rev. J. H. Tan Doren, in 1804 ; the Rev. John A. Davis, in 18C9 ; iliss Helen AI. Yan Doren, in 1S70 ; 3Iiss Mary E. Talmage, in 1874, and David M. Talmage, in 1877. Also four na- tives have been ordained to the ministry. The Rev. Elihu Doty died at sea, while returning home to recruit, in 1865 ; the Rev. J. A. Watkins and wife were probably lost at sea — ^the ship that carried them was not heard from ; the Rev. J. S. Joralmon and wife, on account of continued sickness, were compelled to withdraw from the ser- vice of the Board in 1860 ; Rev. A. Ostrom and wife were so disabled by ill- health as to make their return to this country necessary, in IS'34 ; the Rev. A. Blauvelt and wife were also forced, by the same cause, to leave the mis- sion, in 1864 ; Rev. John A. Davis and wife returned in 1871 ; Rev. J. H. Yan Doren in 1873, and Miss Helen M. Yan Doren in 1877. The force engaged at the present time (ilay, 1879) consists of Revs. J. Y. N. Talmage, D.D., and wife, D. Rapalje, Eev. L. "^'. Kip and wife. Miss Mary E. Talmage, and Rev. David M. Tabnage, besides the four native, pastors. The mission has been continually blessed by the Head of the Church, and has often enjoyed the gracious influences of the Holy Spirit. The chief center of the work has been, and is, at the city of Amoy. The Argot Missson. — The Rev. John Scudder, M.D., D.D., was near Madras, Southern India. His sons, having completed their classical and theological education, were coming to him to share his work. He and they desired to cultivate a field among the Tamils hitherto neglected, and to be allowed to conduct a mission of their own. But the American Board could not tpare Dr. Scudder from the Madras Mission, and the sons, therefore, were authorized to occupy the :S'orth and South Arcot districts, lying west of Madras. The Rev. H. 31. Scudder, il.D., removed from Madras to TTallajauuggur, three miles east of the city of Arcot, in January, 1831. On the 14th of March he removed to a residence in Arcot. Rev. W. W. Scudder joined him in 1853 ; he had been connected with the Ceylon Mission. In 1853 Rev. Joseph Scudder also engaged in the work at Arcot. These brothers, with their father, requested the Particular Synod of Xew-Tork, of 1853, to allow them to be organized as a Classis. The Synod gi-auted the request, appointing Dr. Scudder to perform this service. In 1854 the Classis of 144 THE EEFOEMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. Arcot was regularly constituted, three native brethren, who had removed from Madras, representing the eldership. At that time scarcely a man was to be found, except those who within two years had listened to the preaching of the Scudders, who had even heard the name of Jesus Christ, or had a single correct idea of the nature of God, or the duty of man to his fellows and his Maker, in these large Arcot districts, embracing an area of nearly 10,000 square miles, with a population of over two millions of souls. Early in 1854, Eev John Scudder, M.D., D.D., died near the Cape of Good Hope, whither he had gone in the hope of retarding the decline of his strength. His death was widely lamented. His services to the Church and the cause of missions had been of the highest value. During the same year Revs. Jared W. and Ezekiel C. Scudder reached Arcot, and were admitted to the Classis. Miss Louisa Scudder accompanied them, and engaged in the work as an assistant missionary. The Eev. Joseph Mayou sailed from New York in December, 1858, and reached Arcot on the 7th day of April, 1859. Rev. Jacob Chamberlain, Jr., sailed from Boston in December, 1859, and arrived at Arcot in April, 1860. The Rev. Silas D. Scudder, M.D., joined the mission in December, 1860, and Rev. John Scudder during the summer of 1861. Miss Josephine Chapia and Miss Martha J. Mandeville joined the mission in 1869, Rev. and Mrs. E. J. Heeren in 1872, Rev. John H. WyckofE in 1874, and Mrs. WyckofE in 1876, and Henry M. Scudder, M.D., and wife, in 1874. The Rev. Andrew Sawyer was ordained as the first native pastor, early iu the year 1859. The Rev. Zechariah John was ordained to the gospel min- istry in 1867, and the same year the Rev. S. Ettirajooloo was received, by letter, as a member of the Classis. In December, 1859, Rev. Joseph Scudder and wife were compelled by continued ill-health to return to this country. Miss Louisa Scudder married and left the service of the mission, but, continuing to reside in India, has rendered valuable assistance on many occasions. The health of Rev. Henry M. Scudder, D.D., became so seriously impaired that he was declared inca- pacitated for further service in India, and was directed by the physicians to leave the country in ] 864. This was a great loss to the mission. The Rev. Joseph Mayou returned to this country in 1871 ; the Rev. "W. W. Scudder, D.D., returned to this country, and accepted a charge here, in 1872 ; Eev. Silas D. Scudder, M.D., returned and resumed the practice of medicine here in 1873 ; Rev. E. C. Scudder, M.D,, returned to the ministry in this country in 1877; Rev. E. J. Heeren died, and Miss Chapin resigned, in 1878. The Japan Mission.— "When iu 1858 the empire of Japan was opened to foreign commerce, and foreigners were allowed to reside' at Kanagawa, letters were received by the Board of Foreign Missions, from Christians of various denominations, who had visited the island o£ Nipoa or made it their residence, and from Christians of various denominations in the United States, urging that as the Japanese had long been friendly to Hollanders, and had now become well disposed toward the Americans, the Reformed Church of America, representing both Hollanders and Americans, was above all others the Church to cany the gospel to this nation of thirty millions of TUE EEFOBMED CHURCH IN AMERICA. 145 souls. In obedience to the opinion of Cliristendom, the Board began seriously to consider its duty in this matter. The subject was presented at the monthly concert held in February, 1859, in the South Church, corner of Fifth Avenue and Twenty-first Street, New-York City, when one of the elders engaged to give $800 annually for the support of a missionary in Japan, and another followed with a similar promise, and the church, as a church, resolved to provide annually for the support of a third missionary. These offers were thankfully accepted by the Board, which proceeded at once to find the men who would undertake a work so serious in its nature and so likely to be unsuccessful for many years. The Eev. S. E. Brown, B.D., the pastor of the church of Owasco Outlet, offered his services. They were gladly accepted, for Dr. Brown had been at a previous time for many years a missionary in China. Mr. Guido F. Vcrbeck, a student in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary at Auburn, also requested to bo sent to Japan. This was an offer not to be refused ; for Mr. Verbeck, besides being unusually qualified by natural abilities, edu- cation, and experience for such work, was also able to talk the language of Holland, which some of the Japanese had learned to converse in. D. Sim- mons, M.D., a young physician of Williamsburg, connected with the Re- formed Church under the pastoral care of Rev. E. S. Porter, D.D., requested to be sent as a medical missionary. These brethren, with their wives, and the daughter of Dr. Brown, and accompanied by Miss Caroline E. Adriance, sailed from New- York on the 7th of May, 1859, and reached Kanagawa on November 1st. The Rev. James H. Ballagh joined the mission in 1863. Dr. Simmons and wife resigned their commissions in the fall of 1860. Miss Adriance, who went out as a volunteer, paying her own expenses, not finding the opportunity she desired to instruct her own sex, sailed for Amoy, where she was appointed an assistant missionary, and where she died in 1863. Rev. Henry Stout was commissioned in the fall of 1868, and reached Nagasaki in March, 1869. Miss Maiy E. Kidder joined the mission in October, 1869, married Rev. E. Rothesay Miller, of the American Presbyte- rian Mission, in 1874, and Mr. Miller became a member of the mission in 1875. Rev. C. H. H. Wolff and wife joined the mission in February, 1871 ; Miss S. K. M. Hequembourg in 1872 ; Miss Emma C. Witbeck in November, 1874 ; Rev. James L. Amerman and wife in July, 1870 ; the Misses Mary J. and Elizabeth T. Farrington in August, 1878. Miss Hequembourg, after two years of service, was compelled by continued sickness to resign her position in the Girls' Seminary, and Mr. and Mrs. Wolff were separated from the mission and assumed the charge of an impor- tant Japanese school in 1876. Through a number of years the missionaries were engaged in teaching in the government or in private schools. Rev. Q. F. Verbeck, D.D., immedi- ately after the deposition of the Tycoon, and the restoration of the Mikado to power, was called by the progressive Daimios to Yeddo, now Tokio, and made the president, of the Imperial College, a position he held for a few years. This teaching brought our brethren into the most friendly inter- course with Japanese gentlemen in official positions, and secured their confi- dence and friendship. 10 146 THE EEFORSIED CHUECH IN AMERICA. A movement of gi-eat influence and importance began in 1866. In the fall of that year the first two Japanese students, Isi and Nuraagawa, broth- ers, came from Nagasaki to the office of the Board in New-York seeking for an education. By the law of Japan they had forfeited their lives by leaving the country without the permission of the government. They brought a letter from Mr. Verbeck, recommending them as worthy of atten- tion. The Board assumed their support until their friends in Japan could be heard from. It was necessary that their case should be presented to the government, at that time administered by the Tycoon. The young men belonged to a family about seven hundred years old, and their uncle -was a man of such ability that, when the government was reconstructed under the Emperor, be was made one of the Mmisters of Foreign Affairs. Permission was obtained for the adventurous students to reside and study in the United States, and their support was provided for first by their kinsmen, and soon by their Daimio. This brought before the Tycoon and other Daimios the question of the propriety of sending other students to Europe and America ; and to settle it they consulted the missionaries, who recommended strongly that selected young men should be sent. In the progress of this movement about five hundred young men sought the advantages of the schools of this country, and of these morethan half sought the counsel and aid of the Board of the Reformed Church. The influence of these men, through their cor- respondence, and as they returned to their own land, was used with power to liberalize the opinions of the Japanese to establish a system of general edu- cation, and to secure religious toleration. The translation of the Word of God was entered ujjon by our missionaries, in connection with those of the American Presbyterian Church, as soon as they became tolerably familiar with the language. The first renderings were destroyed in a fire which swept over Yokohama. A new version was immediately begun. The first portion published was the Gospel of St. Mark, translated mainly by James C. Hepburn, M.D., of the Presbyterian Board, assisted by Rev. S. R. Brown, D.D., of our own Board, and printed from blocks under the superintendence of Dr. Hepburn, at Shanghai, China, in 1872, the expense being provided for by St. George Elliot, M.D., an , American dental surgeon, at that time practising in Yokohama. Since then, a Committee on Translation has been organized of representatives of the missions of the Presbyterian and the Reformed Churches, and of the American Board to Japan, and up to this time, under the auspices of the American Bible Society, the following books of the Scriptures have been translated and published, some having passed through a second revision : The four Gospels, the Acts, the Epistles to the Romans, Corinthians, Ephe- sians, Thessalonians, Phillppians, Galatians, Hebrews, the three of John, and that to Philemon. The committee has consisted, until within a few months, of Rev. S. B. Brown, D.D., Reformed Church ; J. C. Hepburn, M.D., Presbyterian, and Rev. D. C. Greene, D.D., of tlie American Board, Dr. Brown being the chairman. Recently the committee has been enlarged. For years no preaching of the gospel in one place was practiced. There were occasional addresses to classes of students, and to small companies of THE KEFOIIMED CHUKCII IX AMEKTCA. 147 the people here and there, sometimes to the worshipers in ca Buddhist tem- ple. In November, 1864, an aged man was baptized at Kanagawa by the Rev. James H. BaUagh. This is believed to have been the first administra- tion of Protestant Christian baptism to a native of Japan since the open- ing of the countiy. On May 20, 1866, the Rev. Mr. Verbeclc baptized two Japanese officers at Nagasaki, and three others in the next year. All these were private baptisms. The first public baptism was that of two youngmen at Yokohama, by Rev. James H. Ballagh, in May, 1868. A few of the students in Europe and America became the followers of Christ. For several years there were occasional conversions. In 1872 the Japanese pupils at Yokohama, led by the Rev. James H. Ballagh, and by their own request, engaged in the observance of the Week of Prayer. The meetings became intensely earnest ; the prayers of the young men were remarkably importunate and impassioned. The meetings continued daily through Jan- uary and February. On the 25th of March Mr. Ballagh wrote : " The daily prayer-meeting continues well attended. The week-night prayer-meeting also, and the three seiTices on the Sabbath overflow. Persons of all ages and grades attend— occasionally a prince or high officer. The converts are full of zeal, pray with great earnestness, and are beginning to take part in the exposition of the Scriptures and in preaching. On the first Sabbath of this second month of the Japanese New Year, (March 10th), it was my un- speakable ijleasure to baptize nine of my pupils, and to ordain, in conjunc- tion witli Dr. Brown, an elder over them — my present Japanese teacher and helper. This man, who is an Apollos, ' mighty in the Scriptures,' was their choice, and they organized themselves into a church of our Lord Jesus Christ. Thus the Church of our Lord Jesus Christ is founded in Japan." This was the first Christian church ever organized in the Empire. The elder mentioned is now an ordained minister and settled pastor, the Rev. Mr. Ogawa. The church has grown with remarkable rapidity. It has been character- ized by special Christian devotion and activity. It has proved a mother church. The account of the missionary force and the statistics of the mis- sion will be found in the table at the end of this article. From the beginning there had been a marked tendenc}' among the mis- sionaries and converts of the Reformed and Presbyterian Churches to unite in forming one native Christian church, to be self-governing, and with the hope that it might become the national Church of Japan. Japanese gentle- men, not professing Christianity, but favorable to its introduction and growth, urged such a union and such independence. It will occur at once to every one that the government would look much more kindly upon a Church governed by natives than on one controlled by foreigners. These opinions resulted in the formation of the " United Church of our Lord Jesus Christ in Japan" by the union of all the churches gathered by the United Presbyterian (Jhurch of Scotland, the American Presbyterian Church, and the Reformed Church of America. The title is not an impertinence or assumption. It is simply the continuation of the title chosen by the Japanese themselves, for the first church whose origin 148 THE EEFOEMED CHUKCH IN AilEKICA. has been briefly told in tlie preceding paragraph. The union in the Cliiu Knwai, (the Middle Assembly,) corresponding to a Classis or Presby- tery, was accomplished on the 3d of October, 1877. The missionaries of the three denominations are organized as a Council, with only advisory powers. The first report of the Council, adopted in January, 1878, gives the strength of the United Church under the following items : Missionaries, 15 ; physi- cians, 2 ; foreign teachers, 8 ; native ministers, 3 ; licensed native preachers, 3 ; theological students, 35 ; churches, 13 ; out-stations, 33 ; communicants, 648 ; Sabbath-schools, 16, with 685 scholars. The report of the Council in January, 1879, differs from the preceding in the following items : The foreign teachers had increased to 12 ; native minis- ters to 4 ; licentiates to 15 ; the theological students had declined to 18 ; the churches had become 17 ; out-stations 41 ; communicants 970 ; Sabbath- schools 34, with 986 scholars ; the boarding-schools were 3 for boys, 3 for girls, with 193 students ; the day-schools 7, with 201 pupils. We claim also that the success of Miss Mary E. Kidder, now Mrs. Miller, in conducting a school for girls — a success almost coincident with her arrival in Japan, and resulting in that noble institution " The Isaac Ferris Semi- nary " for girls at Yokohama — was the prime cause in creating the present interest throughout the Empire in female education. The seminary has usually thirty scholars from the families of what is called the official class. CONTKIBUTIONS. In closing this review it is proper to notice the growth of liberality in the Church at home. Prom 1800 to 1810 there were contributed from two to three hundred pounds sterling each year by the churches connected with the New-York and the Northern Missionary Societies. While con- nected with the American Board, the denomination gave, in 1833, $2106 ; in 1843, $8748 ; in 1853, $10,957 ; and in 1856-7, the last year of this rela- tion, about $13,000. For the first year after the separation, the gifts of the churches from September, 1857, to June 1st, 1858, were $16,000 ; for the year ending on April 30th, 1860, they were $33,000 ; for the year closing in 1865, they were $80,000 ; for the year closing in 1869, they were $81,000, $3000 being from legacies, and $3000 from Interest on the security funds ; for the year closing in 1873, they were $83,948.61, $13,767.15 being from legacies, and $3000 from Interest, the largest income of any year except of that which contained the gift of Mr. Wan'en Ackerman, of $51,000, when the total receipts rose to $119,530.19. The income of the year just concluded, 1879, has been §58,443.49, of which legacies have yielded $15,125.32, and interest $1677.09. By the gift of James Suydam, Esq., the Board was furnished with a secu- rity fund of $10,000. To this Warren Ackerman, Esq., added $10,000. By appropriating the bequest of William Mandeville, Esq., of New- York City, amounting to $5000, to the same fund, and by additions made by reso- lution of the Board from the ordinary receipts, the secui'ity fimds have reached a total of $33,500. J. M. F. New Yokk, May 16, 1879. THE EEFORHED CHURCH IS AMEEICA. 149 SURVEY OP THE MISSIONS. THE AMOY MlSSIOSr, CHINA. {Organized in 1844.) The MiBsion occupies tlie following cities; Amoy, population, 200,000; Cliio-be, 60,000 ; Chiang-Chiu, 100,000 ; and Tong-an, 60,000. The territory assigned to the Mission, being about 60 miles from east to west, and 7 to 14 miles from north to south, baa a population of more than three million,i of souls, including that of the cities already mentioned. The following is the report of the Mission for the year 1878 : Missionaries. — Revs. J. V. N. Talmage, D.D., Daniel Rapalje, Leonard W. Kip, David M. Talmage. Assistant Missionaiies. — Mrs. Mary E. Talmage, Mrs. Helen C. Kip, Miss Mary E. Talmage, and Mrs. Alice Rapalje. Native Pastors, 3, to wit : Revs. lap Han-chiong, (of Second Church at Amoy ;) Chhoa Rhian Kbit, (of First Church at Amoy ;) and Tiong lu-li, (of Church at Chioh-be.) Organized Ghurclies, 7. Native preachers, (not ordained,) 14. Regular preaching places, 18. I'heological School, 1 ; Students, 3 ; Native tutor, 1. Parochial Schools, (including Girls' School,) 7. Christian School-teachers, ~i male, 1 female. Heathen School-teacher, 1. The churches of the English Presbyterian Mission are still united with ou;-3 in one Classis or Tai-lioey. We therefore append the total of their sta- tistics for the year so far as we have received them, at the end of our tabu- lar statement. (In this Total of the English Presbyterian Mission, if com--- pared with the report of last year, there will be found some slight discrep- ancy. This is owing partly to the reducing the form of their Report to cor- respond with ours, and partly, I suppose, to some corrections they have made in the lists of their church-members.) Tabular Statement OF AMor Mission FOTt 1878. Chdrches. O B |i wo a . O OJ ■as (5 1 (3 i li 1" k l-l Boys in School. Girls in School. Contribntions for Chinese year ending Feb.l, 1878. 91 13T 81 70 43 113 73 598 664 1263 3 8 4 10 12 29 3 69 54 123 3 i ■3 7 1 3 3 1 i 1 4 4 1 "s 93 1.31 81 80 64 142 76 4 9 7 8 6 4 16 12 6 2 6 1 5 17 20 12 30 10 3 30 i $236 21 • 298 ti 105 33 164 08 44 12 122 56 163 72 Chioh-be' 0-kang" Tong-an' Chiang-chlu= Hong-san' Total Am. Eef . Ch. Mission. 1 13 657 33 47 98 34 $1,154 95 Total Eng. Presb. Mission.. 8 10 699 59 30 $1,318 57 Total Tai-Hoeys 4 9 2^ 1356 92 T7 •- $2,473 32 1 Has two preaching places. 2 Has three preaching places. 3 Has seven preaching places. 1 . * Several of the pnpils in Girls' School at 2a Church. Amoy, are from other churches = There are eight organized churches under the care of the Eng. Pres. Mission, so that the Classis or Tai-hocy is composed of flfteeu churches. 150 THE BEFOEMBD CHUKCH IN' AMERICA. THE AUCOT MISSION, INDIA. (Organized in 1854.) The Mission occupies : T?ie North- Areot Bislrict— Area., 5017 square miles ; population, 1,787,134. The Soutli-Arcot District. — Area, 4076 square miles ; population, 1,261,846. The force consists of: Missionaries. — Revs. J. W. Scudder, M.D., Vellm'e; Jacob Chamberlain, 'b!i..T>.,'D.'D.,Mudnapiny ; 36]iD. H. Wyckoflf, Tindevanum ; 3dhi Scudder, M.D., in this country, and H. M. Scudder, M.D., Arcot. Assistant Missionaries. — Mrs. J. W. Scudder, Mrs. Chamberlain, Mrs. H. M. Scudder, Mrs. WyckoflF, Miss Martha J. Mandeville, Chittoor, and Mrs. John Scudder, now in this country. Native Pastors. — Revs. Andrew Sawyer, Ghittoor; Zechariah John, Ai'cot. Naiim Helpers. — Catechists, 16 ; Assistant Catechists, 13 ; Readers, 25 ; Teachers in Seminaries and Schoolmasters, 25 ; Schoolmistresses, 9 ; Assist- ants in Dispensary and Hospital, 7 ; total, 94. Rev. and Mrs. E. J. Heeren died during the year in this country, and Miss Josephine Chapin resigned. Statistical Table. Chukches. DO .1 ! a O a 2 ig 3" 1 i ■rH a a S ■1-3 11 g s 1 N e S i s li 'i 215 11 13 3 55 103 60 42 42 870 64 26 1 132 121 66 4 47 128 78 1481 ■T3 4 'i 4 'i 3 13 1 & a § 1 CQ 167 36 55 si 24 77 157 20 103 ai 90 106 82 165 325 23 43 1545 mS §.S '^ a, = ■2 l_ 443 78 221 191 1.38 265 514 165 427 93 128 116 32 321 250 315 195 237 197 4398 Is =.2 ■Si P 8 1 'i c 3 7 8 'i 8 5 6 2 '.3 8 6 76 58 n 86 57 23 46 39 37 37 34 18 31 SO 16 68 38 27 67 26 19 764 65 13 80 69 16 49 105 218 28 31 21 31 14 16 73 45 97 20 76 8-3 33 Ills 65 2 41 45 2 4 4 '4 64 9 1 15 15 13 4 8 11 47 42 11 407 47 18 69 82 20 66 68 17i) 16 71 38 45 28 19 77 50 60 22 66 36 52 11W 279 12 .3 99 142 60 71 63 322 66 78 7 177 157 78 ■ 6 52 172 100 1941 665 56 210 194 VH 364 297 510 143 758 6S 207 161 59 476 377 309 63 289 413 274 6083 R. A. P. 63 2 .. 8 1 .. Chittoor 89 2 7 65 4 8 6 .. .. 24 10 .. 34 2 .. 35 .. .. 10 13 .. Kottapelli Maruturambadi 21 13 .. 3 .. .. 29 2 7 10 13 8 Palamanair 4 6 11 .55 6 . 24 10 . Sekadu 16 10 . 27 11 7 Vellore 97 4 11 Vellambi 9 11 .. Vorikkal 28 8 .. Total 659. 3 11 A Rupee is equal to 50 cts. gold. The Arcot Seminary for boys, at Vellore, has 33 pupils. The OirW Sein- inary^^nt Chittoor, has 33 pupils. The dispensary and hospital under the care of Henry Marlyn Scudder, THE nEFOEMBD CHURCH IS! AMERICA. 151 M.D., afEorded treatment during the year to 8289 out-patients, and 1346 in- patients. THE JAPAN MISSION. (Organized in 1859.) NASASAKI STAT:0N. Missionaries. — Rev. H. Stout. Assistant Missionaries.— Mis. Stout, Miss E. T. Farrington, and Miss M. J. Farrington. Native Licentiate. — Mr. A. Segawa. Native Unlicensed Paid Helpers. — Mr. J. Tonegawa, Mr. T. Tsuge. YOKOHAIQA STATION. Missionaries. — ^Revs. S. R. Brown, D.D., J. H. Ballagh, E. R. Miller. Assistant Missionaries. — Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Ballagli, Mrs. Miller, Miss E. C Witbeck, Miss II. Brown, Miss H. L. "Winn. Native JUcentiates. — A. Inagaki, N. Amenomori, T. Ito, M. Uyemura, H. Tamansoto (theological student.) TOKXO STATION. Missionaries. — Revs. G-. F. Verbeck, (in America,) Jas. L. Amerman. Assistant Missionaries. — Mrs. Verbeck, (in America,) Mrs. Amerman. Native Ordained Minister. — Rev. M. Okuno. Licentiates.— S. Makij K. Ibuka, Mr. Fujui (student.) Statistical Table. i 1 Ecc'd. 5 i 1 1 id =3 I Baptized Total on Roll Dec. 31. M d Sunday- Schools. ii Mission Stations. -2' n »2 a t— ( 1 1 a "M.S 4 rt 4 ■ji. YOKOHASIA, No 167 Settlement.. Nagasaki, Nagasaki Church. . . ToKib, Ueda Church KOjimachi Church Wadomura Church.. . 1872 1876 1876 1877 1878 17 2 9 27 1 4 3 ■7 13 11 1 8 7 27 16 2 87 1 ~55 2 4 2 1 149 19 42 62 14 19 3 6 4 1 4 1 3 1 6 1 1 1 1 248 12 20 84 14 $881 00 110 73 43 54, 4 75 66 27 876 33 11 10 318 $446 08. 152 THE EEFOKJIED CHUECn IJT AMEBIC A. CHAPTER XVI. THE AECniTECTUEB OP THE KEFOKMED CHURCH. Bt Pkop. T. S. DOOLITTLB, D.D. God is everywhere lavish of beauty. The endless profusion of graceful and noble forms adorned vrith lovely colors and wonderful combinalions of color* exhibited in nature, reveals his delight in creating the beautiful ; while his bestowment upon man of an aesthetic faculty— ever active and fruitful— is a proof that he designs the being made in his own image to find both elevation and happiness in producing and rightfully using as well as in recognizing beautiful objects. We live in such objects as we do in sunlight, in music, in knowledge and truth ; often, indeed, we prefer the ornamental to the useful, and will deprive ourselves of many needed articles that wo may enjoy the luxury of a fine engraving, or a prospect of pleasing scenery, or a shining gem whose only value consists in its radiance. Nor can the construction and consecration to a divine purpose of a beautiful thing be less acceptable to our Creator than it is ennobling to ourselves. And of all the ways in which beauty devised by the creature seeks to ex- press itself, architecture inspired by the religious impulse, and suggestive of eternal truth, ranks confessedly the highest. It has been called frozen music, f Painting and sculpture are her handmaids. The choicest trees of the forest, cedar and oak and fir, the most precious stones, jasper, onyx, and porphyry, the costliest and strongest metals, gold, feilver, brass, and iron, have been wrought together under the direction of creative imagination, and in the spirit of devout self-sacrifice, in order to fashion a fit dwelling- place for the praises and worship of the Most High God. Nor has the builder, in thus aiming to honor his Maker, failed to win fame and honor tor himself. Is not the glory of Solomon linked forever with the unique temple which he reared on Mount Zion ? As the eye follows the matchless lines of the Parthenon on the citadel of Athens, does not the thought turn with even greater admiration to the exquisite genius of Ictinus, who traced them there in marble ? The soul of Michael Angelo is felt to have been grander than the stupendous dome which he hung, like another Pantheon, in mid-air over St. Peter's in Rome ; while the skUl, the patience, the struggles, labors, and free gifts of toiling generations are reflected to us in the cathedrals of * Euskin reminds ns of the beneficence of onr Maker in giving 113 the enjoyment of colors, by asking ns to Imagine an entire world in blank white : white trees, flowers, and 1 rocks ; white fields and rivers ; white skies, white animals, white human beings moving ■■ among white furniture— everywhere and everything white— nothing but ghastly, nnrelieved, appalling white. The thought fills us with a shudder, but in the utter dreariness which it presents we begin to realize the divine goodness in clothing the heavens with azure, and in causing the rose to blush— i.«., in short, In having provided myriads of tints for the eye and the eye for the tints. + Madame de Stael, speaking of St. Peter's, says; " L'architecturo de St. Pierre est une .mnsiquc fix6e." Eeformed (Dutch) Chukch, Port Jeevis N. Y. Missing Page 154 THE EEFOKMED CHUECH I>f AMERICA. wheel left off, which the fathers may have gratefully remembered as lend- ing a picturesque relief to the monotonous levels of the mother country. The :pirst Reformed Church of Albany, (see page 571,) which was built fifteen years later, though more pretentious and tasteful, was hardly less quaint or less imbued with national characteristics. It is a pity that the originals of these thoroughly suggestive pictures have not been preserved as sacred relics of our historical inheritance. To gaze on them is like looking at a portrait of the " renowned Wouter Van Twiller. " They speak to us in the f ar-oS voices of HoUand, and bring back visions of frozen dykes and honest burgo- masters skating with a stout Bible under the arm and an air of supreme contentment toward the Gates of the Lord. The old Garden Street Church, 1693, (see page 21,) affords another instance of historical development. Its hipped roof is eminently Dutch ; so also, some may add, is its very un- couth manner of cutting off and capping the tower. Perhaps, however, the church of Bergen, 1773, having a roof hipped in fairer proportions and a tower terminating in a rather graceful spire, is a better Specimen. It be- came imitated by about all the builders of Reformed churches in Bergen County, and, with slight modifications, by many in the rural districts else- where. Happily it is not, in our cities at any rate, any longer the custom to em- ploy, under a feeling of reverence for the past, these early churches as our models. For, though built often in the pointed style, they often have, as a competent authority declares, " a meagerness and an absence of distinctive features which affords little which is noticeable or which can be copied." As influences from other lands set in they also left in our sanctuaries the unmistakable stamp, as is always the case in the history of architecture, of their origin and meaning. The North Dutch Church of Albany, 1799, (see page 171,) would tell us plainly enough, if the melancholy chronicler did not, that the English had got possession of that ancient city. Its architect had no doubt seen the fagade of St. Paul's in London ; he had dreamed of the Renaissance wonders, and believing himself penetrated with its genius for interblending opposite styles, he both imitated aud ventured to outdo Sir Christopher himself. His work, while not wanting in some noble quali- ties, was yet ungraceful in outline and clumsy in its proportions. And so again the First Reformed Church of New-Brunswick, 1813, (see page 441,) reminds one, though the resemblance is neither very close nor altogether admirable, of the famous and handsome steeple attached by Wren to the Bow Church in the city which he lived to embellish. The walls of this First Church may claim the merit of satisfying our desires after manifest permanence. They set the mind in a state of absolute and delightful rest- fulness in regard to their future security ; for they are a specimen of honest and solid masonry which will last seemingly until the last act in the drama of our planet is played, unless overthrown by earthquake or blasted asun- der by dynamite from the hands of innovators. Nor have the masterpieces of the Greek builders failed to find their ad- vocates among ourselves as well as among others. This fact is not to be regretted, since a certain degree of variety is desirable, and especially since EBFOEMBD DUTCH CHURCH, FIFTH AVENUE AND FORTT- BIGHTH STREET, NEW YORK CITY. 1868. THE EEFOEMED CHURCH IN ASIEKICA. 155 the classic orders, when retained in tlieir purity, are among tlie most ex- quisite and faultless productions of human genius. With the Greek the sentiment of heauty was a religion — the best and most commanding princi- ple of which he could conceive. He lived to attain its immaculate ideals if possible, and to translate them into tangible realities, in the contemplation of which both his ^enses and his intellect might experience perpetual de- light. It hardly need be added that the very crown of his sesthetic achieve- ments was the tabernacles which he fashioned for the presence of his gods. And though their reproduction in the form of private dwellings with di- mensions reduced to insignificance and in the perverse spirit, which de- grades sacred things to profane uses, or rather misuses, shocks our sense of propriety, they are yet admirably adapted to the purposes of worship. It is therefore a pleasure to come across, albeit not too frequently, an Ionic temple, such as that occupied by the Collegiate congregation of Lafayette Place in New-Tork City; or again a Doric temple such as that of the First Eeformed congregation of Brooklyn. The latter was designed, with the exception of size and sculptures, to be a truthful copy of the Parthenon at Athens. It is, however, destitute in stylobate and entablature of those delicate curves known as conic sections, the subtle presence of which in the original escaped the detection of generations of observers and was first discovered by a scholar sent out by an English society of Dilettanti — Mr. Penrose — only so recently as 1845 ; but the effect of which had always been felt in the inimitable grace and refined loveliness that seemed to hover like a spiritual influence around this marvelous crea- tion. *> But of all styles of architecture, the one best fitted perhaps for a house of worship is the Gothic. If we are to judge from the number and vastness of the Gothic cathedrals which have risen all over Europe since the twelfth century, and which to-day are more than ever appreciated by pilgrim throngs of admirers, we must conclude that this style affords the highest scope to our innate love of the beautiful and the sublime in art ; whUe at the same time it is capable of proving not a hindrance to true piety, but a help — an inspiration leading the soul heavenward — a symbol suggesting the divine existence and attributes. To be sure the severe sanctities of our Re- formed faith, as well Sis the express prohibitions of the Heidelberg Cate- chism, have prevented us from embellishing this style with the usual artis- tic display of figures, animal or human. The tympanum, and five receding members of the arched entrance into Strasburg cathedral, are all ablaze with carved effigies, making history speak through stone of wonderful scenes, sacred and legendary ; and the Duomo of Milan may astonish the beholder and keep his attention deeply engaged for weeks with its seven thousand statues of angels arid prophets and martyrs, of statesmen and warriors too, as well as of saints, while our sanctuary can not be adorned with a single image. Of this austerity we do not complain, for though doubtless it works loss to art, it secures gain to an uncorrupted Christianity. The Gothic is rich enough to spare these dangerous charms. Its aspiring arches, niched buttresses, rose-windows, stained glass, converging lines, pinnacles, and 156 THE KEFORMBD CHUECH IN AilEElCA. sky-piercing spires offer ample room for the expression of taste, devotional feeling, and religious symbolism. And happily our denomination can hoast of two notably fine specimens of the Gothic genius. The Collegiate Church on the corner of Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street, New- York, and the First Reformed Church of Schenectady; may be called poems— Protestant hymns of praise wrought into stone. And inasmuch as they illustrate some of the highest laws of the builder's art — laws applicable mostly also to some other styles ; inasmuch again as we wish to unfold these laws not in the dry way of abstract statements, but in the more interesting foim of concrete examples, we ask the reader to study the heliotypes of these superb edifices in connection with the following points : 1. There should be always an adaptation of the plan and design to the size of the lot and peculiarities of location. The Schenectady church, for example, ' is so placed, arid its main building, consistory or lecture-room, and tower, are so skillfully grouped as to give the appearance of ample space and occasion remark in regard to the unusual largeness of the lot, when in fact it is relatively not large, but only effectively treated. 2. Solidity and permanence of construction are essential elements in all good architectural work. And here we_ have them. The walls of stone well jointed and buttressed, the arched openings, the massive base of tower, and pyramidal lines of roof and spire — all unite in conveying the idea of strength and endurance, and yet the strength is nowhere awkward, but easy and graceful. The peculiar voussoired arches in the Schenectady building indicate the greater strength, while the five bays, each surmounted with a gable and perforated by stone-traceried windows on the forty-eighth Street side of the Collegiate building, are more distinctively Gothic, as well as more light andairy. Every line and joint studiously coincide with some constructive or decorative feature. 3. Unity of plan and design is impressively obvious upon the first view which the eye catches of the entire structures, and it comes out more and more satisfactorily as the symmetrically developed features are examined in succession. Unity is a fundamental principle of art of every description. The painting, the statue, the dramatic composition, the epic poem, the oratorio, the sermon — each should aim to give expression to one central and commanding idea which is to pervade all the parts, however manifold and varied, and bind them together in the relation of orderly subordination and significant harmony. In a building this law of unity is supreme. A mere conglomeration of architectural details, though each one may be beautiful in itself, or a patch- work visibly resulting from after-thoughts, is as painful a revelation of incompetency on the part of the builder as it is destructive of truest effects in the mind of the intelligent beholder. The lack of unity is hardly compensated for, even by the venerableness of a pile of buildings which, as is the case with the immense temples in India, has sprung from the successive additions of generations, and which therefore is interesting as an historical panorama fashioned into monumental forms ; surely there is no substitute for it in a thing of recent origin. Now each of these churches, unlike many others, is a unit — a conspicuous, artistic unit — and as EEFOKMED CHUECH OF SCHENECTADY. THE EEFOEilED CHUECH IX AMEEICA. 157 Buch, eacli is worthy of much admiring study. If studied, they will do ex- cellent service as educators. 4. Proportion, which also is an element of capital importance, is here admirably presented. The eye is not offended by any overgrown and un- accountable greatness of one part made all the more obtrusive by the flip- pant littleness of another part. The breadth and depth of each member of the group — for each building seems composed of a group happily combined — the heights of tower and spire and roofs, and the sizs and locations of the openings for windows and doors, are all carefully balanced and sym- metrically adjusted. The facades are strikingly different. That of the Schenectady church, through possessing a rose-window, is comparatively simple, but not devoid of elegance. That of the Collegiate church is much more elaborate and costly. It has a prominent gable which is over ninety feet to the apex, and which is perforated by a geometric stone-traceried rose- window. An arcaded vestibule forms a lean-to at the base against the main wall, and is entered at the center through a spacious, deeply recessed and richly molded and carved porch. " A study of this central porch will interest any lover of architecture who has enjoyed the glories of any of England's noble examples of ecclesiastical architecture of the Decorative period. ' ' At the north-east and south-west corners are two delicate spirelets — studied combinations of geometric forms, and carried at points by flying buttresses. 5. The great boundary lines of these two structures and the individual patterns and traceries entering into the general make-up are as pleasing as they are .beautiful. The observer will notice a marked difference in the rel- ative proportions of the two towers to their respective spires. The tower and spire of the Collegiate church are, it seems to us, greatly the superior. Indeed, in the ornate yet solid way in which this tower begins to build itself upward from the very pavement ; in the lines of its combination, which are unique in principle and treatment ; in its easy transition to the spire, as if one grew spontaneously and inevitably out of the other ; in the sublime elevation and tapering grace of the spire itself, attaining a height of 270 feet ; and finally in its varied yet exquisitely unified outline against the sky — we have altogether an architectural triumph which, it may not be an exaggera- tion to say, has probably no equal in this country. 6. Color is another feature that demands careful attention. The subtle Greek was not satisfied with the purity and polished grain of even Pentelic marble. Its very whiteness was too blank and unrelieved. Under the cor- nices, therefore, of his incomparable Parthenon, he traced delicate tints of blue and red ; he deepened the shadows of the triglyphs with blue ; tinged the architraves with pale yellow, and washed the main wall with some neu- tral color — ^probably brown — so that the columns might appear, not flattened and dead against the blank surface behind, but standing out free and clear from the surface, proclaiming at once an artistic effect and the idea of shel- ter. Mr. Potter, the architect of the Schenectady church, has entered affectionately into this Greek feeling for colors, and the kindly ofiices which their skillful interblending and contrast may be made to render. His work 168 THB KEFOESIED CHURCH IN AMEKICA. was to be of stone, and so he sought light and dark grays in limestone, pur- pies inclining to gray and green In graywacke, brown in sandstone, olive in Nova Scotia stone, cream tints in Caen, and variegated hues in granites and marbles. The general effect of light and shade, and of soft, harmonious coloring produced by an elaborate arrangement of these materials according to the suggestions of an educated imagination, and under the direction of a well-defined purpose, can not be at all described in words or presented in an uncolored photograph. The reality which without touch of brush rises like a picture of nature herself, projected against the sky, must be seen, and seen frequently with an observant and searching vision, to be appreciated. Where a uniform tint is regarded as desirable, it may be found in the beautiful bluish gray granite as exemplified in the First Church of King- ston, or in the soft brown of sandstone as in the Collegiate church, or in the light green or olive as seen in the Clinton Avenue Church, of Newark. The painting of a wooden building ought to be the result of thoughtful care. The absence of taste here may utterly vitiate the finest architectural design, while its presence may do much to remedy other original defects. 7. In the ornamental parts of his task the builder may find a wide field for the Introduction of symbolical meaning. Norare the symbols either few or meager, though images of animals and men and angels are, as men- tioned above, excluded by the law of the Church. The oi-namentation of the Schenectady church is as original as in our country it is unique. Its carvings have a story to tell, and Ihey tell it well. In the capitals of the front entrance, for example, are seen the fruits of the principal indus- tries of the Mohawk VaUey. In one, the hops and Indian com ; in another, the wheat and rye and oats and barley ; in another, the broom-corn ; and lastly, the acorn and cone-bearing branches of oak and pine — all typical of the thank-offering which this church ought to be, for the prosperity of its people in this goodly land which Grod gave to their fathers. In accordance with this sentiment is the text carved in the capitals, " I have brought the first fruits of the land which Thou, God, hast given mo," and the exhort- ation cut in the arch over the door, ' ' Enter into His gates with thanksgiv- ing, and into His courts with praise." It is impossible to attempt a descrip- tion of the bride's door ; of the banker screen which shuts off the consistory- room from the church, and which is enriched with carvings symbolical of the months of the year ; of the niches and even the corbels — all which, down to the minutest details, have been industriously and suggestively wrought out. The Collegiate church also exhibits a similar wealth of study in its con- structive and other decorations. Its groined ceiling resting upon exquisite- ly carved stone and marble corbels ; its picturesque organ gallery at the side of the pulpit ; its delicately tinted walls in diapered patterns ; its massive pew ends, each one carved in a different and original manner — in short, all its features, from the most important down to even the carpet, were executed from full detailed drawings of W. Wheeler Smith, the architect, and evince artistic thought and feeling. His whole work is in the style of the Decorated Gothic of the fourteenth century, and exhibits close intercom'se with the spirit of that period. THE EEFOEMED CnuECH IX AMEEICA. 159 8. The internal arrangements demand of course ■wise forctliought and management. To secure plenty of ventilation without exposing the audi- ence to perilous draughts of cold air, to obtain light from quarters whence it shall fall with a subdued and not glaring radiance into the eyes, to con- struct comfortable sittings, and provide ample means of ingress and egress as a matter of safety in case of fire or panic from other cause, are among the primary considerations. In these respects also the two churches so often already referred to are quite complete and satisfactory. They rise before us, in short, as the successful result of an honest desire to devise a tabernacle of worship that might at once touch the aesthetic sensibilities of the cultured intellect and harmonize with the yearnings of the righteous soul. Special attention might be called to other edifices did space permit. The church on Clinton Avenue, Newark, is a noble building of early English Gothic in its main points, well proportioned and varied, graceful in its lines, beautiful in the natural color of its stone, and singularly complete in all its appointments. Similar remarks might be extended to the Madison Avenue Chiu-ch in New-York. The unusually delicate proportions and grace dis- played here have been much admired, and are worthy of careful attention. The church at Port Jervis, too, is neither wanting in imposing dimensions nor in perfect equipment. In addition to the auditorium and pastor's study, it has lecture-room and Sunday-school room, which can be employed as parlors, and even a kitchen for festival occasions. The church recently erected at West-Troy is an exceptionally solid and honest piece of architec- ture. In the picture the front appears possibly too heavy and massive, since its window-openings are few, and, with the exception of the handsome rose-TN-indow, quite narrow, thus leaving wide expanses of stalwart masonry. In the reality, however, much relief to this is secured by the use of Ohio stone over the doorways and in other ornamental parts, and of red Belleville stone for shafts, bands, etc. Much care has also been bestowed on the interior. "We have, however, to stop somewhere, and it may as well be here. Only let us add that one of our handsomest structures is to be found in Kirkpat- rick Chapel, standing in the campus of Kutgers College, (see frontispiece.) It is a fine specimen of the French Gothic of the fourteenth century, quite faultless in proportion, constructed of good brown-stone masomy, and having a fagade with rose-window, and a porch of exceptional beauty. In conclusion, let us not be too ready to talk thoughtlessly of the waste of wealth and pride of heart evinced in erecting splendid sanctuaries in honor of our Lord. The pattern which God himself gave to Solomon was richer in gold and embroidery and precious stones than any thing ever before or since seen. For the Emperor Justinian had not in fact produced any thing in the way of riches more magnificent, although, after rearing the dome of St. Sophia in Constantinople he exclaimed: " I have conquered thee, U Solo- mon." The Son of David poured the treasures of his kingdom into the dweUing-placo of Jehovah, approached by the gate Beautiful of Corinthian brass, on Mount Moriah. As rebuilt by Herod it appeared as a " mount of gold and of snow," and was described as the " admiration and envy of the 160 TUB EEFOEIIED CHUECII IN AMEEICA. ■whole world. ' ' Here is an example, the force of ■which can not be destroyed by replying : " The old dispensation ■with its external displays has passed away." Very true — in some respects ; but surely God is still the owner of all the earth, and still asks the consecration of our first fruits, not in the spirit of legality, but that of abounding love, to himself. And if the ■wealth now in Christian hands ■were only half devoted to his glory ■we should have ample means for grand churches as well as for mission chapels and other agencies for spreading the gospel. " These things ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone." Let, then, the artistic spirit, hallowed by religious emotion and exalted by self-denying gifts, grow. Let it blos- som out every where into as tasteful and goodly homes of worship as can be, devised by the accomplished architect, and paid for by willing people. Surely it is no sin to say with Milton : Let me " Love the high embowed roof. With antick pillars, massy proof. And storied windows richly dight, Casting a dim religious light ; There let the pealing organ blow To the fall- voiced quire below, In service high, and anthems clear, As may with sweetness through mine ear Dissolve me into ecstasies. And bring all heaven before mine eyes." I--'*' bl«IU. '■- W J I Mil. f!» "^ r" Z'* -^ * THE Mi:^ISTRY. Abeel, David, (nephew of J. N. Abeel,) b. at New-Brunswick, June 12, 1804, N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI. N.B. 1826; ordained as an Evangelist, Oct. 1820; Athens, N. T., Ap. 1826-8, voyage to West-Indies, Nov. 1838, Miss, at St. Thomas, West-Indies, Dec. 1828-July, '39, supplied Orchard St. , N. Y. C, Aug. -Oct. 1829, voyage to China, Oct. 14, 1829-Feh. 25, '30, Chaplain of Seamen's Friends' Soc. Oct. 1829-Dec. '30, Miss, of A.B.C.F.M. in Java, Dec. 1830-June, '81, Siam, June, 1831-May, '33, voyage to London, May- Oct. 1833, visits France, Holland, Germany, Prussia, and Switzerland, iu the interests of Missions, Oct. 1833-Sept. '34, visits America, Oct. 1834- Dec. '36, West-Indies, Dec. 1836-May, '37, America, May, 1837-Oct. '38, voyage to China, Oct. 1838-Feh. '39, Macao, Feb. 1839-May, '41, Siam, May-Oct. 1841, Borneo, Oct. 1841-Jan. '42, Kolongsoo, (near Amoy,) Jan. 1842-July, '44, Amoy, July, 1844-Jan. '45, voyage to America, Jan.-April, 1845, died at Albany, Sept. 4, 1846. He sought entrance, at the age of fifteen, into the military academy at West-Point, but too many applicants had preceded him. He then studied medicine, but, as the light of grace beamed upon his mind, he benevolently turned his thoughts to the duty of seeking to save the perishing. His spirit- ual exercises were very powerful, and are preserved partially iu a diary. He entered on his ministerial duties with a deep sense of his responsibility. He struggled in prayer, and hoped for great things, and was not disappoint- ed. A general revival in his first charge' gladdened his heart. Failing health, however, soon compelled him to' give up his duties, and sail to the West-Indies. But, for a long time, he had reflected on the wants of the heathen world. It then, also, required far more courage than now to em- bark in a missionary undertaking. He collected intelligence, and prayer- fully pondered the subject. At length the way opened, and he sailed as Chaplain of the Seamen's Friends' Society ; and, after reaching China, was transferred to the American Board. He traveled in various parts of the East-Indies, surveying the field, acquiring some knowledge of the dialects, and assisting the missionaries whom he found there. His instructions were to ascertain the true condition of affairs in Eastern Asia, and to report to the American Board. Hence the itinerant character of the record of his labors. And when his ill-health compelled him to visit Europe and America, he excited much interest, wherever he went, by the reports which he made. His second visit and residence in China was during the opium war, to which he makes many allusions. Mr. Abeel was not a man of remarkable power of intellect, or of peculiar 11 162 THE MINISTEY. genius ; yet liis mental formation was characterized by solidity and strengtli. He was a clear and close thinker, and could express himself with discrimi- nation and force. He sought to improve his talents to their utmost, that he might use them to the glory of God. He was an indefatigable student, although his feeble health often seriously interfered with his studies. While a master of his mother tongue, he was also critically acquainted with several different lauguages. On account of an exquisitely musical ear, he was endowed with great natural capabilities for the acquisition of the Chinese. He was also acquainted with the Siamese and Malay languages. As a preacher his discourses were clear and forcible. He was not given to abstract discussions of truth, but was plain and practical. While in the different localities abroad, he was generally chaplain to the foreign residents ; and when at Kolongsoo, of the British army. His manner in the pulpit was unaffected, but, at the same time, winning and effective ; and the musi- cal and pleasing intonations of his voice added force to his language. While delighted in the pursuit of science and literature, he was eminently religious. He had the most exalted conceptions of the work of sanctification in the soul. He set the highest standard before him — that of the Saviour Himself. He set high value on the private duties of religion. He was an ardent student of the Bible. For days he would pore over some passage or chapter, till he had thoroughly caught its spirit. He loved to read it in the different versions as well as in the original, that he might find new beauties and thoughts. He was also a man of prayer. While a student, he had a bower to which he retired for this exercise. It was in such a place he first became impressed with the claims of the^ heathen. He drew his strength directly from God, and owed his attainments in piety to secret prayer. He had also remarkable habits of meditation ; not that he thereby neglected active duties, but he meditated while engaged in such duties. But humility was the crowning beauty of his character. While in great (danger of spiritual pride, on account of his acknowledged piety, yet he only •valued his growth in grace, as God enabled him to exercise childlike humil- ity. And all these attainments, as his diary abundantly shows, were made in opposition to a heart of wickedness. His spiritual conflicts were many and severe. He also had most exalted views of Christian duty and responsibility. His piety was not selfish. Complete self-consecration to the service of the Mas- ter, in promoting the welfare of men, was his high and holy aim. And he sought to recommend religion by his life. He cultivated a meek temper of mind, abhorring all resentment or narrow-minded feeling. The command- ing points of his character were ennobled and strengthened, while the selfish dispositions were corrected and restrained. He was also of a truly catholic spirit. He could hardly recognize the dividing lines of denominations. He lamented over the struggles of sectarianism as a waste of precious time and a perversion of talents, while thousands were perishing. He also possessed refinement of feeling and manner. This gave him much influence as a mis- sionary. He was greeted by the most refined, and received into circles of powerful influence. He himself, it is said, exerted an influence among the foreign residents orf the East, almost as much as one of official rank. THE MINISTKY. 163 It is believed tliat lie exerted more spiritual good in Lis private intercourse ■with men, and by the power of his holy life, than as a preacher. All felt that it Tvas a privilege to entertain him, for he left a blessing behind him. He was the founder of the Amoy Mission. — D.D. by R. C. 1828. See Br. I. N. Wyckoff's Sermon at Ms funeral ; Br. T. E. VermUye's Sketch of Abeel; Williamson's MemMr ; and articles in Sprague' a Annals of the Butcli Pulpit, by Dr. I. N. Wyckoff and Dr. G. Abeel. His Journal, sermons, papers, etc., are in Sage Library, at New-Brunswick. See also Am. Mug. Memorial, p. 338, Anderson's Hist, of Am. Bd. Com. F. M., and McClintoek's Cyc. PuUications : 1. To the Bachelors of India, by a Bachelor. 8vo, pp. So. About 1833.— 2. Residence in China, 12mo, pp. 398. 1834. This was translated into Dutch under the title "i?me des Jford-AmerikaniscJien Mis- sionnrs. Band Abeel in den Landen Binierindiens," 1830-33. Basel, 183G. Map, 8vo. (Baseler Missions Mag., 1836, art. iv.) — 3. Happy Influence of For. Miss, on the Church. 8vo, pp. 16. (In iVai!. PreacJier, Kov., 1838.) — ii The Missionary Convention at Jerusalem, or The Claims of the World to the Gospel. 12mo, pp. 244. 1838. — 5. Many Articlfes in the Chinese Repository. — G. Many tracts in the Chinese Lang. (One of these is " Discourse on the Unity of God.") — 7. Journal. For extracts see his Memoir, by Williamson. — 8. A Sermon on Heaven. See Memoir, p. 299. Abeel, Gustavcs, (s. of J. X. Abeel.) U.C. 1823, X.B.S. 1824, 1. Ci. iS'.B. I824; English Neighborhood, 1824-8, (also Miss, at Hoboken,) Belleville, 1828-34, Geneva, 1834-49, Newark, 2d, 1849-04, resigned, w. c. S.T.D. by C.C, 1842, by U.C, 18—. Elected a trustee R.C., 1845. Abeel, John N., b. at New- York, 1768, C.N.J. 1787, stud, theol. with Livingston and Witherspoon, 1. CI. N.Y. 1793 ; tutor in C.N.J. 1791-3; (Philadelphia, Arch st. Presb., 1794-5,) New-Tork, 1795-1812, d. Jan. 19. Elected a trustee of Columbia Coll. 1799, and a trustee of Queen's Coll. 1808. He began the study of law, but in about a year, his heart having been touched by Divine grace, he forsook his first choice for the ministry. He possessed a sound imderst^ding, greatly improved by diligent application. His manners were unusually mild, unassuming, amiable, and winning. In society he was affable and communicative, his colloquial talents being extraordinary. As a minister, he was truly eminent. He had industriously cultivated his fine natural talents, and laid up large stores of valuable in- formation. Pew have possessed so nice and accurate discernment. His style was plain and simple, the strain of his discourse was didactic, and he usually preached extemporaneously. He delighted to dwell on Christian experience, in which he was always animated and interesting, rising often to uncommon elegance of diction and to true eloquence. He was u. faithful pastor, and the inquiring, the tempted, and the per- plexed confidently sought his advice and instruction. He was also of a truly catholic spirit toward all evangelical Christians. Yet in his own de- nomination, with u, discrimination which few have possessed, he discerned 164 THE MINISTEY. the path of her true interests, and employed in her behalf the energy of his talents, the charms of his eloquence, the weight of his influence, and the efBeaoy of his prayers. It was principally by his efforts that a large fund was raised for the fuller endowment of the Theological Professorship now about to be located at New-Brunswick (1809). Indeed, while laboring for this end, that disease was induced which terminated his life. But thereby _ the institution was founded on a permanent basis. He deserved to be loved, and he was loved of all. His people furnished him ample means to undertake voyages for the recovery of his health. He was a principal agent in promoting a revival of religion in New- York, greater than had been known since the days of Laidlie. He refused offers and invitations to Boston and Philadelphia, and to the Presidency of Union College. His health began to fail in 1809. He spent one winter in South- Carolina and made a voyage to Rio Janeiro, but all his efforts and the best medical skill proved unavailing. See Ounn's Gommem. 8er., JDrs. MiUeddler's and Miller's Sketches in Bprague's Annals, Mag. B.D. G. iv. 289. Evang. Guardian and Rev., May, 1817. Gunn's Livingston, Sd ed., 1856, p. 387. McGlintock's and Strong's Cyc. Pvblicafions : 1. Anniversary Disc, before N. T. Miss. Soc, 1801. 8vo, pp. 67.-3. An Old Disciple. Mag. B..D.G. ii. 139.— 3. The Many Mansions. A Ser. to Communicants. 8vo, pp. 43. (Also pub. in Mag. B.D.G. iv. 339).— 4. Gen. Synod's Address to the Churches, 1807. Vol. i. 368-378. This is an elaborate address and very important in reference to the history of the Church in general and the Seminary in particular. Abellj James. Chittenango, 1840-54, tVaterloo, 1856-7, Emeritus, d. 1867. ACKBBMAN, Edwakd G., b. at Saddle River, N.J. R.C. 1866, N.B.S. 1869, 1. CI. Paramus, 1869 ; Mamakating, 1870-4, Currytown and Spraker's Basin, 1874-8. S.S. at Currytown, 1878. Ackerson, John H. N.B.S. 1839, 1. CI. N.B. 1889; Columbia, 1841-3, Schaghticoke, 1843-4, w. c. 1844-6, susp. 1847, dep. 1848. Adams, R. L. S.S. Raritan, 111., 1876-7. Alburtis, (or Burtis,) John, b. 179-, C.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 1817. Allen, A. W. Highlands, 1874— Allen, Pbederic B. B.C. 1873, N.B.S. 1876, 1. CI. ; Brookfield, 1876-7. Allen, John K., (s. of P. Allen,) b. at West New-Hempstead, N.T., 1844, R.C. 1865, N.B.S. 1868, h CI. N.B. 1868; Hoboken, 1868-70, Tar- rytown, 1870— Allen, Peter, b. in Columbia Co., N.T., 1808, N:B.S. 1837, 1. CI. Pough- keepsie, 1837 ; West New-Hempstead and Ramapo, 1837-53, West New-Hempstead, 1853-63, d. THE MINISTRY. 165 At the age of fourteen lie made a public profession of Lis faith. He soon after liad a strong desire to enter the ministry, but his early education be- ing quite imperfect, and his means of improving it limited, he tried long to dismiss the idea. But it was of the Lord, who providentially opened the v?ay for his subsequent instruction in the classics, under the care of Eev. I. N. Wyckoff", then of Catskill. " He was a good man, and full of the Holy Ghost and of faith." He pos- sessed that " meek and quiet spirit which in the sight of God is of great price." "In his tongue was the law of kindness," and he had imbibed much of his Master's meek and lowly spirit. Like Xathanael, it might be said of him, " Behold an Israelite indeed in whom is no guile." He was a man of prayer, and in this was the secret of his patient toil and un- wearied perseverance amid the many trials and discouragements of his ministry. For sixteen years he performed the arduous duties of a double charge. In many respects his field of labor was discouraging, but he learned to toil on, relying on the faithful promise of his Lord. Convinced that duty was liis, he had no difficulty in leaving results with his Master. He could sow weeping, and wait with unmurmuring patience for the harvest. He was always at his post, engrossed heart and hands in the work of saving souls, comforting the aflBicted, and edifying the body of Christ. For months before his death he felt his work was near its close, but was able to preach almost to the last. His end was just such as we would ex- pect to follow so humble and godly a life. Patiently and peacefully he waited his Lord's coming, and died in joyous hope of a blessed immor- tality. — Pan. Ser. ly Rev. J. H. Duryea, printed 1874. AlLiGER, John B. B.C. 1835, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. Ulster, 1840 ; Clove, N.Y., 1840-3, Shawangunk, 1843-50, Jamaica, 1851-70, w. >;. [Alsentz, John o'eorge, c. to America, 1757, Germantown, Pa., 1757-62, also supplying Amwell, K.J., 1760, Wentz's Ch., Pa., 1763-9, d. &« MarbaugTi's Lives.] Ambler, James B.,b. in England, 1797 ; 1. 1816 ; (Bradford, Eng., 1816-8,) c. to America, 1818, (Presbyt. 1818-33,) in Ref. Ch. 1833^8, d. His ministry was extended through the northern and central portions of Xew York till about 1833, when he connected himself with the Reformed Church. He commanded the utmost esteem for the sincerity of his piety and his untiring zeal. His ministrations were effective and successful. He was eloquent and dignified in his delivery, attentive as a pastor, and change- less as a friend. His labors in New-York State and City and in St. John's (N.B.) were very successful. Amerman, Albert, b. iuN.T.C. 1793. C.C. 1813, Assoc. Ref. Sem. 1816, 1. CI. iS'.T. 1816 ; Johnstown and Mayfield, 1817-20, susp. restored, Johns- town and Mayfield, 1820-1, Jolmstown and Mayfield, indep. 1821-43, SacJc- ensack and Paterson, indep. 1843-55, Hachewack, indep. 1855-71, when pastor and people joined the Presbyt. Ch. Emeritus, 1877. 166 THOS MINISTRY. P«J&Cffliwn«.— Independency. The Churcli of Clirist Independent of tlie Synod of Dordreclit, and all other Synods; or. Scriptural Principles in Relation to the Order and Government of the Church. 13mo, pp. 188. Albany : 1833. Ametimait, Jas. L. N.Y.U. 1863, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI. N.Y. 1868 ; Addisville, 1868-71, Berg^en, Mar. 7, 1871-7G. Commissioned in Apr. 1876 to train young men in Japan for the ministry, to guide the young native ch. of that country through its formative periods, and to prepare a Christian literature. Voyage to Japan, June-July 10, 1876. Teaching in Japan, 1876— Amerman, Thos. A. A.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1830; Beekman, N.Y. (S.S.) 1830-1, Coeymans, 1833, (Presb. 1832-5,) Shokan, 1835-8 ; Jamesville, 1838-40. Ames, John W. Studied under Livingston ? Miss, on Delaware, 1814. Andeeson, Ashbe, b. at Flatlands, L.I., July 33, 1846; E.G. 1870, N.B.S. 1873, 1. CI. L.I. 1873 ; Flatbush, (Ulster Co., N.Y.) 1873-5 ; Fish- kill, 1875— Andebson, Chas. T.,b. in Wayne Co., Pa., Sept. 26,1849; C.N.J. 1869, P.S. 1873, lie. by Presbyt. of Elizabeth, Apr. 18, 1873; ord by Presbyt. Philadelphia, North, May, 1873. [Port Kennedy, Pa. (Presbyt.) May, 1873-4, May ;] Peapack, June, 1874— Anderson, Wm. N.B.S. 1849, 1. CI. N.Y. 1849; Peapack, 1849-56, Fair- view, 1856-9, Newtown, 1859-66, Greenbush, 1866-76» Fordham, 1876— Anderson, Wm. H. E.G. 1863, N.B.S. 1865, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1865 ; Cort- landtown, 1865-6. [Antes, Henry, c. to America, 1736; Oly. Pa. 1730-48, a Moravian ; 1748-50, indep. 1750-5, d.] His name is often referred to as " the pious and active German Eeformed layman of Frederick township," (now Montgomery Co., Pa.) He first ap- pears prominently on the stage about 1736, though he had then been in America more than ten years. He was a man of deep and earnest piety, and therefore could not fail of feeling a lively concern in the religious in- terests of the early German emigrants. He was endowed with good tal- ents, which were cultivated by reading and study, so that he was well reported of abroad as well as at home. The destitute spiritual condition of the people compelled him, as a Christian, though unlicensed by the Church, to call the people together for exhortation and prayer. He mourned over the divisions existing among Christians, and heartily joined in the move- ment of the tiirie to unite all religious souls in what was called "the con- gregation of God in the Spirit." He was rejoiced when, in 1736, John Adam Gruber invited all awakened souls to a new organization of union, which resulted in the above-mentioned effort. He himself issued a call to all THE MIXISTKT, 167 CliristiaDS in 1741, to meet at Gennantown, and which was followed by six successive meetings, in the first half of 1743, of a similar character, (called Synods,) and it was through these that " the congregation of God ia the Spirit " received formal organization. It received all evangelical Christians, without interfering with their creeds ; yet they came together in a common synod for the advancement of Christ's kingdom. Mr. Antes was himself licensed by this Synod, 1743, to go forth and preach, and he is vmiversally spoken of by all in terms of highest praise. But this effort for imion, while showing the longings of the Christian world, was premature, and by 1748 had exhausted ,itself. In 1747 a Lutheran, and in 1748 a Reformed Synod were organized, and the Moravians also organized about the same time, and each drew its own material to itself. Antes joined the Moravians, but in 1750 separated from them on account of certain vestments which were in- troduced in their communion service. Yet he freciuently afterward assisted them, showing that he cherished no ill-will. Antonides, Vincentius, b. 1670, Bergen inVriesland, Holland, 169.-1703, c. to America 1705 ; Bushwick, Flatbush, Flatlands, Brooklyn, New-Utrecht, Gravesend, 1705-44, also Jamaica, 1705-41, d. 1744, July 18. A paper of the day says : " He was a gentleman of extensive learning, of an easy, condescending behavior and conversation, and of a regular, exem- plary piety, endeavoring to practice himself what he preached to others ; was kind, benevolent, and charitable to all, according to his ability ; meek, humble, patriotic, and resigned under all his afflictions, losses, calamities, and misfortunes, which befell him in his own person and family." — See also Doe. Hist. N. Y. iii. 89-115, qt. ed. IV., 133 ; Sutphen's Hist. Disc. ; Amat. Cor., many letters, 1704-44. Arculabius, And. 5t B.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1866, 1. CI. X.B. 1866; North- Esopus, 1866— Arondeus, Johannes, u. from Holland, 1743 ; Bushwick, Flatlands, Brooklyn, New-Utrecht, and Gravesend, 1743-7, Earitau, Keadington, Harlingen, Six Mile Run, and Three Mile Run, 1747-54, d. He had been captured at sea on his voyage to America. He was a very troublesome and contrary man. The civil and ecclesiastical records con- stantly refer to him, but only to present him in an unenviable character. He was a violent opponent of the Coetus. He actually had himself installed pastor of the churches in Somerset Co., by Fryenmoet, and ministered to the enemies of Frelinghuysen. The Harlingen records were taken possession of by his party, and his ecclesiastical acts recsrded in them, for all the sur- rounding churches. He ordained new consistories for Three Mile Run, Six Mile Run, Harlingen, Readington, and Raritan, and his baptisms of the chil- dren of the disaffected, in this region, are recorded for seven years, from ] 747. The Harlingen consistory started new records (both books are stiU preserved) in 1749, and left the site of the old church, selecting a new site for a new building. Various petty and contemptible troubles are recorded of him on Long 168 THE MINISTRY. Island, wliicli are not wortli tlie recital. He brought religion into contempt. His people on Long Island called Van Sinderin, in 1747, with whom he had constant difficulties. He was charged with drunkenness and other crimes, and finally Coetus secured his suspension from the ministry in 1750, but he paid no attention to it. His name last appears in 1754, when it is sup- posed he died. — See Millstone Centennial, and New-Brunswick Hist. Discourse, ly Steele. Mints. Ch. W. Y., Eng. Trans. Lib. B. 167, Frelinghuysen's Sers. ZH, for another description of Mm. Amst. Cor., many letters, 1743-54. Ashley, A. W. Supplying New-Concord, 1876. Atwateb, Elnathan E. IT.C. 1834 ; 1. Presbyt. Albany, 1848 ; (Tribe's Hill Prgsbyt.) 1848-51, (Ref. Ch. 1853,) Assist. Ed. C7i. Int. 1853-68, Ed. Oh. Int. 1868-73. Aurand, Henry, b. at Reading, Pa., Dec. 4, 1805 ; D.C. 1830, studied theology with Dr. Geo. Duffield, of Carlisle. Teacher in Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Philadelphia, 1831-33. Lie. by CI. Zlon (G.R.C.) 1833? [S.S. Taney- town, Md., Presbyt. 1833 ; Carlisle, Pa. (G.K.C.) 1834r-49, Bendersville's Charge, Pa., (G.R.C.,) consisting of seven congs., 1849-56, New-Berlin, Pa., 1856-58, N.y.C. Rivington St. Miss. Presbyt. 1858-60;] Columbia, N.Y., 1860-3, removed to Illinois. Died 1876, Oct. 8. For the last thirteen years of his life he was in ill-health, though he con- tinued to preach occasionally, as opportunity offered. With mental powers unclouded, and in peaceful trust in his Savior's promises, he entered into rest. He was a true and faithful minister of Christ, and was never so happy as when preaching the gospel to liis fellow-men. Ayres, Sam. Brittain, b. in Pa. ; C.N.J. 183^, P.S. 1837, 1. Presbyt. Newton, 1837, Minisink, 1838-41, EUenville, 1841-54, Vanderveer, 1854-66, Miss, in 111. 1868, S.S. Presbyt. Ch. Pleasant Plains, 1872— Baay, Jac. Beloit Coll. 1857, N.B.S. 1860; 1. CI. N.B., 1860; Keokuk, 1860-65, Presbyt. 1860. Babbitt, Amzi, b. in N.J. ; C.N.J. 1816, P.S. 1831, (Pequea, Pa., 18..-.., Presbyt.) Philadelphia, 2d, 1834-5, (Salisbury, Pa., Presbyt. 18..-..,) d. 1846. Backerus, Johannes. New- Amsterdam, 1647-9, returned to Holland. He had, at a former period, been a minister in Cura^oa, W. I., but had returned to Holland ; and now, on May 11th, 1647, arrived with Governor Stuyvesant, at New-Amsterdam. He had v. salary of 1400 guilders. His stay was short. He and the governor did not altogether agree. He read papers from his pulpit referring to the provincial government, animadvert- ing on it ; and though forbidden, yet, as a popular representative, he could not be repressed. He sailed for Holland on August 15th, 1649, and there took sides with the complainants against Stuyvesant's administration. He is, perhaps, to he considered as a mere supply during the twenty-sevpn months of his stay.— Co?. Bist. N. Y. i. 308, 317, 431, 496. THE MINISTBT. 169 Eagley, Francis H., b. in Boston, Mass., Jan. 10, 1840 ; Ham. C. 1870, U.S. 1873, lie. Presbyt. 1873, ord. Presbyt. Buffalo, sine titulo. May 30, 1873 ; Greenburgb, 1873-5, d. July 13, 1878. Obedient to the call of duty, be enlisted in tbe 45tb Reg. Mass. Vol. in Sept. , 1863, and remained in tbe service of bis country till the suppression of the Eebellion. Always fond of study, he then began his collegiate course, and in due time reached the ministry. Well read in theology and philosophy, a fluent speaker, a sympathetic listener, he charmed by the sparlile of his ■wit and instructed by the aptness of his words. Discriminating between shadow and substance, he proved all things, and held fast that which was good. Alive to modern thouglit, he yet trod the old and better paths. He was emphatically a student. He loved his books. He was an omnivorous reader, but he disgested what he read. He discussed intelligently all the questions of the day. This catholic culture bore fruit in liberality and patience. He built his theology upon a wide foundation, but waited for heaven to complete the edifice. He was content to be ignorant, to be silent until the future should decide upon the value of the " deep-sea soundings" of the present age. His faith had its i nner sanctuary. The veil hung before it, and he did not irreverently try to lift it. Babxbe, Lotris Henki, (s. of P. B. Bahler.) R.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. Holland, 1867 ; Coeymans, 1887-9, teaching, 1869— Bahlee, Peteb B., c. from Holland, 1865 ; Albany, (Hoi.,) 1865-7, Paterson, (Hoi.,) 1867-8, Rochester, N.Y., (Hoi.,) 1868-73, Emeritus. Bahleb Pierre Guillatjme Maximilien, (s. of P. B. Bahler,) b. in Belgium, 1844; ,E.C. 1868, N.B.S. 1871, lie. CI. K.B. 1871 ; Pultneyville, Nov. 15, 1871— Bailey, Wm. R.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. Albany, 1845; Helderbergh, 1845-7, Schodack, 1847-56, Constantino, 1856-63, also Mottville, 1856-63, also Porter, 1859-63, Albany, 3d, 1863-68, Whitehouse, 1868— Baird, Charles Washington, (son of Rev. Dr. Eobt. Baird,) b. at Princeton, N.J., Aug. 38, 1838 ; U.N.Y. 1848, U.S. 1853, 1. by Presbyt. New-Brunswick', Aug. 17, 1853, ordained by same, Oct. 4, 1853 ; Chaplain of Am. Chapel, Rome, Italy, 1853-4 ; R.D.C., Bergeu Hill, Brooklyn, Mar. 1860-Ap. 1861 ; [Presbyt. Ch. Rye, N.Y., 1861—] Publications : Eutasia, or The Presbyt. Liturgies, 1855 ; a revised edition was published in London by Rev. Thos. Binney, under the title "A Chapter on Liturgies." — A Book of Public Prayer, compiled from the Authorized Formularies of the Presbyt. Ch. as prepared by Calvin, Knox, Bucer, etc., 1857.— Chronicle of a Border-town : Hist, of Rye, New York, 1660-1870 ; 1871. Also Translations of Malan on Romanism, of Merle d'Aubigne's Discourses and Essays, etc. Also several Sermons. Dr. Baird also has in preparation Hist, of the Huguenot Emigration to America, chiefly in the 18th Century. Eakker, Fred. L. H.C. 1873, H.S. 1876. 1^0 THE MINISTRY. Baldwin, Eli, b. at Hackensack, 1794 ; University Col. of Med. 1817, N.B.S. 1820, ordained as a Miss, to Georgetown, D.C., 1832-24, Miss, agent in N.J. and Pa., 1824.-5, Houston St., N.Y.C., 1825-39, d. S.T.D. by C.C. 1831. Baldwin, John Abeel, b. in N.Y.C. 1810; Y.C. 1829, P.S. 1834, lie. Presbyt. Newark, 1834; Flatlands, 1836-52, (Lancaster, Pa., Ger. Kef. 1853-6,) New-Providence, N.J., Presbyt., 1857-63, supplying vacant churclies. Baldwin, Jolin C. 1. CI. N.B. 1833. Ball, J. A. Gilboa (S.S.) 1875. Ballagh, Jas. H. R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, 1. CI. Bergen, 1860 ; voyage to Japan, May-Aug. 1861, Kanagawa, 1861-3, Yokohama, 1863-8 : voyage to America, Jan. and Feb. 1869, visiting the churches, 1869-70, Miss, at Yokohama, 1870-9, also Pastor of Yokohama Ch., 1872-9, voyage to America, 1879, in America, visiting the churches, 1879 — He is the author of the translation of the Westminster Catechism into the Japanese language, and of numerous hymns in Japanese. Also many letters in Ch. Intelligencer and Sower, from 1861 to the present time. Ballagh, Wm. H. R.C. 1860 ; N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. N.B. 1863, Union, 1865-8 ; East-Berne and Knox, 1868-77, Union Evang. Ch., Corona, L.I., 1878— Bantley, John. N.Y.C. Av. B. Ger. 1876. [Barclay, Henry, (Episc.,) 1708. Preached to the people of Albany and Schenectady in Dutch, 1708-13. Also Miss, to Indians. Doc. Hist. iii. 097. Anderson's Col. Ch. iii. 428-31.] Barcolo .lie. by Coetus, 1758. Barcolo, Geo., b. at New-Utrecht, 1775; C.C. 1795, stud, theol. under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1798 ; Hopewell and New-Hackensack, 1805-10, d. 1833, at Preakness, N.J. Baku, Robt. H. R.C. 1875, N.B.S. 1878, lie. CI. Paramus, 1878; Guttenberg, 1878— Bartholf, B. a. R.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Passaic, 1S64 ; Fair-Haven, 1864-8, Pascack, 1868-73. S.S. inlnd. Cong. Ch., at Stone Church, Genesee Co., N.Y., 1873-6, (Mayfield, N.Y., Presbyt. 1876—) [Bartholomaus, Domiuicus, c. to America, 1748, Tulpehocken, 1748-59, d.] Baktlett, Dwight Kellogg, b. at Utica, N.Y., Mar. 30, 1833; U.C. 1854, P.S., lie. N. River Presbyt., Oct. 1860, ord. by same, Jan. 1861; [City, Dutchess Co., N.Y., Jan. 1861-3, Feb.; Stamford, Ct., 1863-4, Feb.; both Presbyt.; Rochester, N.Y., Cong., 1864-73, Feb. 1; Albany, 2d, 1873— NORTH DUTCH CHURCH, ALBANY. 1799. THE MINISTRY. 171 Bassett, Jolin, b, at Busliwick, 1764 ; C.C. 178G, Btud. under Livingston, ] . by Syn. R.D. Clis. 1787; Albany, 1787-1804, Boglit, (CI. Albany,) 1805-11, Gravesend and Busliwick, 1811-24, d. ; also Prof, of Heb. Lang. 1804-13. Elected a trustee of Queens Coll. 1788. He was a man of extraordinary erudition, and an excellent Hebrew and classical scholar. He trained a number of young men for the ministry. He was an edifying preacher, though not gifted with great vividness of imag- ination, or with eloquence. Publications: 1. Psalms, Hymns and Spiritual Songs. Albany, 1791. — 2. Translation of Immens' " Pious Communicant," 2 vols. 8vo, N.T , 1801. — 3. Hist. App. to Johnson's Farewell Ser. at Albany, 1802. — 4. Memorial of Ch. of Albany to Classis, 1804, pp. 36. Bassler, Benj., b. at Berne, N.T., 1808 ; U.C. 1830, X.B.S. 1833, New-Ehine- beck and Sharon, 1838-8, Farmerville, 1838-66, d. His grandparents emigrated to this country from Switzerland in order to escape religious persecution, and to enjoy the unrestricted exercise of their religious faith. He was born and nurtured in the very atmosphere of reli- gion, having been consecrated to God by his mother, from the very incep- tion of his being, and trained from his earliest years to th& associations and duties of piety. From the time of his conversion, at sixteen, he felt called to engage in the sacred work of the Christian ministry. After a course of preparatory study in the Albany Academy, he entered Eutgers College; but, in consequence of sickness at home rendering, a nearer resi- dence necessary, he completed his course at Union. He was possessed of a thoroughly genial nature. The cordiality and warmth of his natural dis- position was, perhaps, the most striking trait in his character. He drew to himself a large circle of acquaintance, and won general regard by the kindliness of his nature, and the easy familiarity of his intercourse. !Xo one was ever repelled from his presence by any appearance of reserve, or by the coldness of an unsocial spirit. He was always cheerful and always attractive. He became, therefore, an endeared member of the domestic and social circle, a most agreeable companion during the intervals of eccle- siastical meetings, and a welcome visitor in discharging the duties of the pastoral relation. Indeed, his spontaneous frankness of manner and friend- liness of heart, by making him easy of access to all, and bringing him into ready sympathy with all, laid the foundation, under Divine grace, for a vast amount of usefulness. But he was also a man of most serious and earnest piety. His faith was ardent ; his convictions settled and unwavering ; and he was capable at all times of being stirred vpith religious emotion. Al- though of an uncommonly lively and happy spirit, he never allowed him- self to jest with sacred subjects, and his whole demeanor unconsciously be- trayed the powerful hold which Divine truth had upon his judgment and affections. None that ever heard him could forget his tremulous tones and devout spirit in prayer, or the earnestness and pathos of his appeals to im- penitent sinners. Thus he was qualified, both by nature and by grace, to render eminent services in winning souls to Christ. Through a long and unbroken series of 112 THE MINISTEY. years, lie performed tlie functions of a useful and fruitful pastorate. His carefully prepared sermons were logical in order and pointed in application. They abounded in evangelical sentiment and practical expositions of Chris- tian doctrine. And the best evidence of their power remains in the strong and united church of Farmerville, in virhich the most delightful harmony and peace have ever dwelt, and from which he departed universally beloved and lamented. — Bev. T. S. Doolittle. Bates, Elisha D. Stuyvesant Falls, 1880-1, susp. 1869, dep. Battin, a. J. 1863, w. c. Beaudsleb, J. W., b. 1837; E.G. 1860,N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. N.B. 1863; Rosen- dale, 1863, Constantine and Mottville, 1863-4, Constantino and S.S. at Porter, 1864— Beattie, John, b. at Salem, N.Y., 1784 ; TJ.C. 1806, studied under Proudfit, 1. CI. N.Y. 1808 ; Miss, in West. N.Y. and Canada, 1809-10, New-Utrecht, 1809-34, Buffalo, (S.S.,) 1838-43, pastor, 1843-4, d. 1864, Jan. 33. He was born of Scottish parents, and brought up among the Scotch Pres- byterians in Washington Co., N.Y. When on his missionary tours in Canada he tept a minute journal of his daily life. On May 14, 1810, he left his L. I. home for one of these tours, and was gone five months. He was a week in making his voyage to Albany by sloop, and during this period thus writes: "Under this adverse providence, during these four days, I have had some gloomy reflections — a long Journey before me — an entire stranger in the land to which I am sent — a wilderness to pass through be- fore I reach missionary ground — my horse in the meantime oppressed by standing still on board, and starving for want of provisions. These con- siderations combined depressed my spirits, and rendered these four days gloomy. But I still enjoyed one consolation, I trusted that God, who called me to the mission work, would conduct me safely through." While becalmed opposite Coeymans on a Sunday, he and a couple of passengers took the boat and went ashore, and walked back to the church. Domine Westervelt was absent at Bethlehem, his other charge. Beattie obtained a horse and rode over to hear him, but arrived in time only to hear the appli- cation. After recess Beattie preached, and got back to the river in time to see the sloop sailing away. However, he made himself heard, and was taken on board. He gives a vivid description of the bad roads between Albany and Lake Ontario, and of the equally bad lodgings : — " the worst roads that it is possible for the human mind to form any conception of ; " " horrid bridges ;" but the mosquitoes " were the occasion of more misery to me than all the rest of my diiEculties combined ; " and then his lodgings, " an old weather-worn log-house covered with bark — a dismal inn to the weary traveler." His bed was the floor, but ',he could not sleep. "I was under the necessity of maintaining an arduous contest with an innumerable multitude of little nocturnal beasts which inhabited the place." The next day he " rode twenty miles to breakfast under a, mosquito escort," and at length came in sight of his missionary field. But the roads were still toorse THE MINISTRY. 173 in Canada. His horse lost a slioe, and became very lame. " The morals of the people are said to he very much corrupted, and there is little or no religion in the place," — Kingston. Beatty.Jas. U.C. 1834. From Presbyt. Louisiana, 1854 ; Fordham, 1854-6, Preabyt. Beattt, Eobt. H. Bloomingburgh, 1870-3 ; New-Hurley, 1872 — [Bechtel, John, b. 1690, in Palatinate, c. to America, 1720, unlicensed ; Ger- mantown, Pa., 1726-44, a Moravian, d. 1777. In 1738 he reed, a regular call, and in 1743 was ordained, by a Moravian bishop, as a Ger. Eef. minister. He signed the Bern Articles.] Bechthold, Arend Hesdeick, b. at Amsterdam, Holland, 1823 ; arrived at Boston, Mass., Aug. 7, 1859; lie. by North Suffolk Assoc, Mass., Dec. 16, 1863 ; ord. by same, Feb. 11, 1863 ; Miss, among the Hollanders in Boston Highlands, (Rosbury,) 1859-66 ; Paterson, N.J., (True Dutch Ch.,) May 14, 1866-7, July ; Boston, Lenox St. Chapel, Jan. 19, 1868-70, New- York City, (HolL Ch.,) 1870— Mr. Bechthold had been superintendent during 1857-8 of the farm school named " Surinaamscke Mettray," in Surinam, W. I. (This is a kind of orphan asylum.) He afterward determined to become a missionary in South-Africa in connection with a brother-in-law there. But arriving in Boston, sickness and death in his household, together with the lateness of the season, com- pelled him to wait till the following spring. Upon inquiry whether there were any Hollanders in Boston, he learned from Rev. Dr. Anderson, of the Warren Street Baptist Church, (now in New Tork,) that there was a colony of Hollanders in Roxbury. These were sought out and religious services were begun on Oct. 37, 1859, which led to an earnest awakening among them, and the establishment of a Dutch church. Abner Kingman, a wealthy merchant, supported Mr. Bechthold, who labored both among the Dutch and Germans. This mission was under the care of the Springfield St. Cong. Ch. Two years after (1861) a house of worship was built, since converted into a dwelling. Subsequently the firm of Sewall, Day & CcT built a large hall for these Hollanders on the corner of Ruggles and Parker Streets. Their present pastor is Eev. G. Vandekreeke, a graduate of Hope College. On Feb. 30, 1873, a Dutch church was organized, under the name of the " Holland Cong. Ch. of Boston Highlands." BsCK, T. HoMEYif. R.C. 1849, acting Prof. Latin in R.C. 1859-60, N.B.S. 1863, 1. 01. N.B. 1863; Chap. 13th Reg. N.J.V. 1863-3, Prof, of Latin and Greek, HoUand Acad., 1863-5, Prof, in Hope College, 1865— Becker, Chs. North-Bergen and Hackensack, 3d, 1857-60, Naumberg and New-Bremen, 1860 — [Becker, Christian Lndwig, Baltimore, Md., 17 — , Tercent, 539.] Beekman, a. J., b. in Somerset Co., N.J., 1838 ; C.N.J., U.S. 1874, lie. CI. N.Y. 1874, ord. CI. 111. 1874 ; Norris, 111., 1874-6, Shokan, N.Y., 1876— 174 THE MINISTRY. Beekman, Jacob T. B. tT.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1835, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1825; Middletown, N.J., 1835-36, w. c. 1836-47, Presb.' Died 187— Beidler, F. P. South-Bend, 1853-54, Prin. of Holland School, 1854-5, Miss, at Holland, Wis., 1855, Eidgeway, 1855-56, Macon, 1856-57, 1867, Qer. Ref. Bell, Qoodloe B. Wawarsing, 1874 — BeUe-nger, Benry, 5. 1789 ; Secession, Church, 1837-9, Independent, at Sliaron, Wynant's, and Pooster's Kill, 1839-1877, d. Benedict, Wm. A. From Presbyt. Catskill, 1856 ; Gilboa, 1856-7. Bennett. Asa. N.B.S. 1834, 1. CI. N.B. 1834 ; Schodack, 1834-8, Ovid, 1838-38, Constantiue, 1844r-5, d. 18— Benson, Aaron Wm. B.C. 1871, N.B.S. 1873, 1. CI. Schoharie, 1874— Bentlbt, fi. W. Y.C. 1850, East- Windsor Theolog. Inst. 1854, lie. by Hartford 4th Assoc. 1854 ; EUenville, 1854— PvMications : 1. Hist. CI. Orange. 8vo, pp. 80, 1875. 3. Many articles in the EUenmlle Journal, Ch. Int., etc. — 3. Printed sermons. Berden, John, lie. hy Seceders, 1830, Aquackanonck, sec. 1830 — Beeg, Hbkmah C. E.C. 1866, N.B.S. 1869, lie. CI. N.B. 18C9; in Ger- many, 1869-73 ; Eocky Hill, 1873-9, College Point, 1879— Berg, Jos. Fred., (s. of Rev. Christian Fred. Berg, of Denmark, and Hannah Tempest, his wife, of England, Moravian missionaries ;) b. at Grace Hill, Antigua, W.I., June 3, 1813 ; educated in Moravian institutions at Ful- nic, England, 1816-35 ; c. to U.S. 1835, and placed in the Moravian School at Nazareth, Pa. Teacher of Chemistry, Nazareth, 1839, -while pursuing theological studies. Lie. 1831, ord. and installed, Ger. Ref. Ch. Harrisburg, Oct. 3, 1835-7, Philadelphia, (Race Street,) G.R.C., 1837-53, Philadelphia, 3d, R.D.C., 1853-61, Prof, of Didactic and Polemic Theol- ogy, New-Brunswick Sem. 1861-71, d. July 20. Also Prof. Evidences of Christianity in Rutgers College, 1862-7. He was only seventeen years of age when appointed Teacher of Chemistry at Nazareth. While pastor at Harrisburg he was elected Professor of the Latin and Greek Languages at Mercersburg College, but declined. While pastor of the Race Street church, he also studied medicine, and received the degree of M.D. from JeflTerson Med. College. He was gifted with a vigorous mind, which was enriched and disciplined by careful culture and study. His acquirements embraced not only a knowledge of the classics and several modern languages, but in almost every department of literature and science there were few subjects which he had not diligently explored. His power of acquisition was really encyclopsedic, and he had the rare faculty of using to advantage, when occasion required, his copious stores of knowledge. THE MINISTRY. 175 As a preaclier Le had the elements that command attention, secure confi- dence, and achieve success. He did not aim to dazzle his hearers by a dis- play of pulpit pyrotechnics. His Veas not that kind of eloquence that carries an audience before it. His style was solid, logical, persuasive, and instruct- ive. He sought to reach the hearts of his hearers by first giving thtm a clear and intelligent comprehension of the truths embodied in the text, and then making a direct, pointed application of the same to their circumstances and wants. He had great copiousness as well as a surprising felicity of diction ; while his sermons were full of matter, they were irradiated by apt and beautiful illustrations, but all tending to the conversion of sinners and the edification of the Church. His ministry was accordingly honored by the Master. Dr. Berg excelled as a controversialist, although he had no relish for con- troversy. His retiring disposition and constitutional timidity made him prefer the more quiet fields of Christian work. But when duty bade him step out from the seclusion which he sought, there was no one who could battle with more earnestness and power in defence of the truth against the assaults of error. The famous discussion which took place a few years ago in Philadelphia between him and the noted infidel — George Barker — is still fresh in the recollection of very many in that city. Barker had been lecturing for some time previously against the Bible, and had attracted large audiences of those who either hated the inspired word or wished to find some ground to fortify themselves in their resistance to its claims upon them. He boldly threw out a challenge to all the ministers in Philadelphia to meet him in a public discussion of the inspiration of the Scriptures. So per- sistent, defiant, and even insulting was he that, lest it might be supposed that they were afraid to meet him and the cause of truth receive injury by their silence, the ministers in Philadelphia resolved that some one of their num- ber should confront this boasting Goliath of infidelity. But who should be the man? The eyes of all were at once turned to Dr. Berg. With his characteristic modesty he declined the encounter, but at length yielded to their urgent importunities. The discussion took place in one of the largest halls in the city, and was continued for several successive nights. The building was densely packed every evening, and the excitement was intense. Dr. Berg understood his man. He knew he had " a foe worthy of his steel" — one who vras primus inter pares among the infidels of the age — a man of great learning, argument- ative ability, and captivating eloquence. But having accepted the battle. Dr. Berg did not fear. He knew he had the truth on his side. He was thoroughly familiar with the evidences, both internal and external, of the divine inspiration of the Bible. He had studied his subject in all its aspects and bearings, and also understood full well the weak points in his adver- sary's side, and was thus able to anticipate and defend himself against the sophistries, the tricks, and subterfuges to which he would resort. The discussion ended as was anticipated. The arrogant and boasting in- fidel, finding himself for the first time confronted by his equal in learning and debate, lost his equipoise and vainly tried to recover himself from the strong and weighty blows dealt him by changing the points at issue ; but 176 THE MINISTET. Dr. Berg, -witli an unrelaxing' grasp, held him to them. After struggling hard, Barker yielded up the contest. It was the first time he had met witli defeat. There was great rejoicing among the friends of the Bible in Phila- delphia at the result. It is pertinent in this connection to say that Mr. Barker shortly after re- turned to England, his native land, where, by a wonderful providence, he was brought, under the tuition of the Holy Spirit, to review the grounds of his belief, to renounce his infidel opinions, and to make an open profession of faith in Christ. A letter addressed by him afterward to a gentleman in Philadelphia, and which was published, contained his humble and peniten- tial confession, and ex,pressed his purpose to devote the remainder of his life to preaching the very gospel which he had so long and strenuously opposed and vilified. Dr. Berg had been drawn into other heated controversies, and, in the ardor of his impulsive nature, may have used harsher words than his judg- ment in calmer moments would have approved, but he afterward alvyays regretted it, and he cherished no ill-feeling against any one to whom he had been opposed. Dr. Berg was an uncompromising enemy of Popery, and for several years edited a quarterly magazine, in which with masterly ability he exposed the character of that corrupt church. In fact, amid the multifarious duties of his pastorate, he was constantly engaged in hard literary work. It was not in his nature to be idle. As a pastor he was greatly beloved by his people. Always genial and cheerful, his presence was welcome in every household. It was especially during seasons of bereavement and afiliction that his deep spirituality and loving Christian spirit made themselves felt with wondrous power in com- forting and sustaining the sorrowing and the dying. As a professor he met fully the expectations of his friends, and justified the wisdom of the highest ecclesiastical j udicatory of the Church in appoint- ing him to the position. The students of the several classes under his instruction bear testimony to his faithfulness and ability. His wealth of learning, gathered by many years of previous hard study, were made tribu- tary to the elucidation of the Scriptures. He continued his literary labors after his appointment to the professorial chair. In fact his pen was seldom idle. Periodicals, reviews and news- papers received frequent contributions from his active and fertile pen. The IntettigeTicer is especially indebted to him in this regard, and the articles which he furnished its columns were highly appreciated. Most of his writings that were published in book-form appeared during the time of his pastorate. Dr. Berg was a man of large acquirements and of cultivated tastes, au excellent, useful and faithful minister of the gospel, a kind and affectionate pastor, warm in his friendships, ardent and energetic in the dis- charge of duty, and whole-hearted in his devotion to the cause and kingdom of his blessed Lord. Publications : The Tree and its Fruits. 1837. — Ancient Landmarks. 1838.— Christian Landmarks, or Centenary of G. E. C. Phil. 1840.— The House of God and the Family Altar. 1840. — Lectures on Eoiuanism. 1840. THE MINISTRY. 177 Several editions. — Tlie Confessional. 1841. — Papal Rome. 1841.— Series of PampliletB, pub. anonymously, entitled, "A Voice from Home," "Rome's Policy toward the Bible," "The Pope and the Presbyterians." 1844; many thousands sold. — ^History of the Holy Robe of Treves. 18. .. — Oral Contro- versy with a Catholic Priest. 1843. — The Old Paths ; or, A Sketch of the Order and Disc, of the Ref. Ch. before the Reformation. 1845. — A Plea for the Divine Law against Murder. 1846. — Mysteries of the Inquisition, etc. 1846. — Reply to Archbishop Hughes on the Doctrines of Prots. 1850. (More than 150,000 copies sold.) — Expose of the Jesuits. 18... — The In- quisition. — Church and State; or, Rome's Influence upon the Civil and Relig. Instit. of our Country. A Prize Essay. 1851.— Jehovah Xissi ; or. Farewell Words to 1st G. R. Ch. Phil. 1853.— Vindication of the Fare- well Words. 1852. — The Bible vindicated against the Aspersions of Jos. Barker. 1854.— Translation of Dens' Moral Theology. 1843. 2d ed. 1856. — Prophecy and the Times ; or, England and Armageddon. 1856. — The Stone and the Image ; or. The Am. Republic, the Bane and Ruin of Despotism : an Exposition of the Fifth Kingdom of Daniel's Proph. 1856. — The Saints' Harp ; or. Hymns and Spiritual Songs. 18. .. — Abaddon and Mahanaim ; or. Demons and Guardian Angels. 1856. — Cause and Cure of Financial Distress. 1857. — The Olive Branch ; a Conservative View of Slavery. 1857. — Loyalty ; or. Christian Obligation. 1859. — Paganism, Popery, and Christianity ; or. The Blessings of an Open Bible. — The Second Advent of Christ not Pre-millennial. 1859. — The Evangelical Quarterly, 3 vols. 1860-2. (No. 4 of vol. 3. never pub.). — Valedictory Ser. before the Students of Rutgers College. 1862. — Hist, and Lit. of Heid. Catechism, and its Introduction into the Netherlands. A Translation of Von Alpen. 1863. (This was also pub. in Evan. Quarterly.) — System of Didactic Theology. In MS. Besides the above, he published books for children. Bobbie the School- master. — Children's Stories ; translations from Van Home and the French. Scripture Hist, of Idolatry. — A Series of Sis Books for Children. — Winter Evenings at Home. — The Squirrel Hunt, etc., etc. Newspaper articles are omitted. Bbegen, John H. N.B.S. 1879. Berger, Martin Luther. W. C, 1859, U.S. 1862, 1. 3d Presb. N.T., 1862; Miss, at Dry Dock, Presbyt. N.Y.C. 1862-3, East-Millstone, 1863-6, Fishkill, on the Hudson, 1866-69, Syracuse, 1869-75, [San Francisco, Presbyt. 1876—] Beknakt, Jas. Elmendoep, b. at Millstone, N.J., 1821 ; R.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. Phila. 1851 ; S.S. Upper Neversink, and Brown Settlement, 1851-4, Upper Neversink, 1854-6, Miss, at Boardville, 1856^77, pastor 1877— Berry, James Romeyn, (grandson of J. V. C. Eomeyn,) b. at Hackensack, N.J., 1827; R.C. 1847, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. Bergen, 1850; Piermont,, 13 1'78 THE MINISTRY, 1850-1, Syracuse, 1851-7, Kinderliook, 1857-63, Jersey City, 3d, 1863-8, Fishkill Landing, 1869-70, (Montclair, N.J., Presbyt. 1870—) Publications : Several sermons. Berry, Philip, (grandson of J. V. C. Eomeyn,) B.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, 1. CI. Bergen, 1860; Grand Rapids, 1860-61, Glenville, 2d, 1863-3, Beirut, Syria, Am. Board, 1863-5, Athens, Pa., 1866-8. Kow a Baptist. Bertliolf, Guilliam, 1. and ord. by CI. Middleburgh, Holland, Sept. 16, 1693 ; Aquackanonck and Hackensack, 1694-1734, d. Ho had come to Hackensack with the early emigrants in the capacity of catechizer, voorleser and schoolmaster. With such acceptance and useful- ness did he discharge his trust, that the people sent him to Holland, in 1693, to be licensed and ordained as their minister, although Selyns, in New- York, and Van Varick, on Long Island, and Dellius, at Albany, were fully ordained ministers in this country. This was the second instance of that troublesome and expensive system, pursued more or less for the next seventy-five years, of sending men all the way to Holland for the imposi- tion of hands, until some noble spirits rebelled against the dallying formal- ity. It is said of him, " He was in possession of a mild and placid elo- quence, which persuaded by its gentleness, and attracted by the sweetness which it distilled and the holy savor of piety which it diffused around." He was for the first fifteen years of his ministry the only Dutch preacher an New-Jersey. In 1709, Morgan was added to him in Monmouth Co., and an 1720, Frelinghuysen on the Earitan. He had, in fact, the spiritual .charge of all the Dutch inhabitants of New-Jersey. He ofSciated regu- larly through his whole ministry at all the surrounding churches, even at 'Tarrytown, on the east side of the Hudson. The records of Tappan, Tarry- •tovvn, Staten Island and Earitan show many services by him, and they legaTded him as their pastor. It is also shown that he officiated at Ponds, Pompton, Belleville, and many other places. He was in his day the itine- •rant apostle of New-Jersey. — See Taylor's Annals. In Amst. Cor. the refs. to- Mm are few and unimportant. Bertholf, Jas. Henry. E.C. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. Paramus, 1867 ; Unionville and Greenburgh, 1867 — Bethuoe, Geo. W., b. inN.Y.C.1805 ; C.C. and D.C. 1833, P.S. 1826 : [Miss. to colored people and sailors. Savannah, Ga., 1836,] Rhinebeck, 1837-30, ■Utica, 1831-4, Philadelphia, 1st, 1834-6, Philadelphia, 3d, 1837-49, Brooklyn Heights, 1850-9, New York, 31st St. 1859 63, d. Apr. 38, at Florence, Italy. He also supplied the Am. Chapel, Eome, 1859-60. He stood in the front rank of ministers of the Gospel. Originally en- dowed with a fine mind, and furnished with every possible facility for cul- tivating and furnishing it, he achieved a very high degree of success in the pulpit and elsewhere. A thorough master of English, of finished taste, fertile in thought, rich in illustration, skilled in dialectics, familiar with the stores of the past, yet with a quick eye to the present, a proficient in belles-lettres, he had almost every literary requisite for the composition of THE MINISTRY. 1Y9 sermona. When to Ihis it is added that he was sound in the faith and had his heart in the work, that he had a most musical voice, of rare compass and modulation, it is not wonderful that his reputation stood so high. He was a close and diligent student, and never was ashamed to confess it. His platform eflTorts were always impromptu, but for the pulpit he felt con- scientiously bound to make careful and thorough preparation. In occasional addresses he gave free play to his genial humor and ready ■wit, (which he never did in the pulpit,) and thus became a great favorite in all popular assemblies. He was unusually favored in the variety of his accomplishments. He had a nice ear for music, and sometimes composed sacred harmonies ; he had a iine taste in painting and sculpture ; he was an accomplished Latinist and Grecian; he was familiar with a number of modern languages, some of which he spoke fluently ; he was well read in the history of philosophy, and his general information was both extensive and accurate. At an early age he betrayed a poetical genius, to which, however, he never gave full scope. His poetry is characterized more by delicacy of feeling and chasteness of diction than by power or poetic fancy, and nearly all the subjects chosen for his poems were of a religious cliafacter. He was a man of very genial nature, sympathetic and companionable, destitute of formality and reserve, with a rich fund of anecdote and n, sparkling wit, which gave a pungent zest to his conversation. He was the life of the social circle. Nor was this mere good-fellowship, for he had real kindness of heart, which was manifest in various effective ways to all wlio were near him. The pulpit was the place where he loved to labor, and where he espe- cially excelled and wielded his greatest power. His fame in his beloved work of preaching Christ is almost world-wide. For oratory he had u, natural adaptation, which was very early shown. But he also studied the best authorities, and by wise culture and careful direction properly de- veloped those qualities which God had given him, and the result was u, natural, individual manner peculiarly his own. He was not cast in any- body's mould. He swayed large audiences at his will, sending an inde- scribable thrill through every chord of the heart as he pictured his various scenes ; in his religious services hfe melted to tears, aud in his popular ad- dresses he convulsed multitudes with merriment. He realized very deeply that his pulpit was a consecrated place, and that his work there, whether as the mouth of God to the people or as the mouth of the people to God, was of the most responsible character. Hence it was with him a matter of special concern that the highest possible interest should be given to every part of the service. The selection of his hymns or psalms was very carefully made, and these were read in a manner to give them the fullest effect on the hearer ; and no man understood better than he how to accomplish this. His devotional exercises were what they claimed to be — the outpouring of a full heart at the mercy- seat, tenderly alive to all the interests with which he was charged, and especially making himself one with his people, whom he loved most tenderly. All was solemn, humble, simple, earnest. 180 THE MINISTRY. witli no rambling into tlie field of fancy, no proclamation of his views on Ike conflicting tlieories of tlieology, no attempt to show bow much be knew and bow well be could exhibit it, but all was truly devotional. One felt, as he joined with him in prayer, that be was really holding converse ivitb an infinitely holy Being, and occupied a place very near the throne, and was bowed down by its overpowering holiness. So when he preached, it was as a legate of the skies — as one appointed of God to minister in his name — as having a message from God to dying man, a word of consolation to the sorrowing, as well as of instruction to the ignorant. His preaching was eminently evangelical and biblical, and no hearer could avoid the impression that the treasures of the Gospel were inexhaustible. Christ and him crucified was the theme in which he delighted and on which he expended all his strength. And learned as be was, having great literary treasures at command,, yet his sermons were marked with the utmost simplicity. He was also courageous and faithful as a preacher. The fear of men did not influence him. Hence he was ever ready to proclaim the most humbling and unpalatable doctrines of the word of life, as circumstances required.' He dft not hesitate to assume whatever responsibility fairly be- longed to a servant of the living God. His theology was that of the Eefor- mation. Yet he was no stranger to the metaphysics or the philosophy of modem theologians and those of the German schools. In his pulpit exercises a special importance was given to Scripture read- ing. He felt bound to honor, on all occasions, the Bible, and his care was so to read that men should feel that it was God's word they beard, and so to hear as to understand. His selections were most judiciously made with reference to the subject of his discourse, as was the case with the hymns chosen for praise, so that a perfect harmony reigned in the services of the sanctuary. Nothing was carelessly done or allowed to pass off in a slovenly manner. — See FotxUr's Am. Pulpit,Z?S)-4:W. Duyckmck's Am. Cyc. Lit.,\i. 403. Dr. Is. ^ Ferris' Mem. Ser., Skang. Quarterly, iii. 297. Dralce's Am. Biog., Memoir, hy Dr. A. B. Van Nest. Dr. W. J. B. Taylor's Disc, on death of Betliune. Publications : The Cross of Christ ; The Only Theme of the Preacher of the Truth: Inaugural at Utica. 1831. — Hope for the Christian Mourner : A Discourse on the Death of the Wife of Kev. A. M. Mann. 1833.— The Duty of Christian Ministers : An Inaugural Discourse. 1834. — Reasons for Preferring a Union with the Reformed Dutch Church : A Sermon at the In- stallation of Dr. Gosman. Philadelphia, 1835. — Our Liberties : Their Dan- ger and the Means of Preserving Them. 1835. — Genius : An Address before the Literary Societies of Union College. 1837. — True Glory : A Sermon Commemorative of Stephen Van Rensselaer. 1889. — Leisure, its Uses and Abuses: A Lecture before the New York Mercantile Library Association. 1839. — The Age of Pericles : A Lecture before the Athenian Institute of Philadelphia. 1839. — The Child Samuel: A Discourse delivered at the Opening of the New York Orphan Asylum. 1889. — The Prospects of Art in the United States : An Address before the Artists' Fund Society of Phila- delphia. 1840. — An Address before the Societies of the University of Penn- THE IIINISTET. ISl sylvania. 1840. (See Princeton Review, Vol. 13, 307.) — A DiscourBe on the Death of President Harrison. 1841. — The Eloquence of the Pulpit, -with lUastratioDS from St. Paul: An Oration at Andover, Mass., 1843. (See Princeton Review, Vol. 15, 178.) — The Living Eedeemer. 1843. (In Nat. Preacher.) — Duties of Educated Men : An Oration before the Literary So- cieties of Dickinson College. 1843. (See Princeton Beview, Vol. 16, 130.) — Sermon before the Foreign Evangelical Society on the Strength of Christian Charity. 1844. In Nat. Preacher, Vol. 18. (See Princeton, Revieic, Vol. 16, 600.)— The Duty of a Patriot : With Allusions to the Life and Death of Andrew Jackson. 1845. — A Plea for Study : An Oration before the Literary Societies of Tale College. 1845. — Early Lost, Early Saved : An Argument for the Salvation of Infants, with Consolations for Bereaved Parents ; with Original and Selected Poems. 1846. (See Princeton Review, Vol. 18, 871.) —A Volume of Sermons. 1840.— A ^yo^d to the Afflicted. 1846.— The Fruit of the Spirit. 1846. (See Princeton Renew, Vol. 18, 340.)— The Unity of the Church. 1847. — The Relation of our Sunday-school System to our Christian Patriotism : Annual Sermon in Behalf of the Sunday-school Union. 1847. (See Princeton Review, Vol. 19, 585.) — The Complete Angler ; or. The Contemplative Man's Recreation, by Izaac Walton. And Instructions How to Angle for a Trout or Grayling in a Clear Stream, by Charles Cotton. With Copious Notes, for the most part Original, a Biblio- graphical Preface, giving an Account of Fishing and Fishing Books from the Earliest Antiquity to the Time of Walton, and a Notice of Cotton and his Writings. To which is added an Appendix, including Hlustrative Bal- lads, Music, Papers on American Fishing, and the Most Complete Catalogue of Boots on Angling, etc., ever printed. One vol., 12ino. Part I., pp. 34o, Part IL, pp. 239. New York and London. Wiley & Putnam : 1847.— The British Female Poets ; with Biographical and Critical Notices. 1848. — The History of a Penitent : A Guide for the Inquiring. 1848. — The Doct. of Evang. Submission. 1848. Nat. Preaclier. — Faith, Hope, and Victory. 1848. Nat. Preacher. — Lays of Love and Faith. 1848.— The Claims of Our Country upon its Literary Men : An Oration before the Phi Beta Kappa So- ciety of Harvard University. 1849. — The Cry of the Poor Man and its Answer : A Sermon before the City Missionary Society. 1855. — A Discourse on the Occasion of the Decease of Rev. Jacob Brodhead, D.D. 1855. — Paul, the Missionary: A Sermon before the American Board. 1850. — Memoirs of Mrs. Joanna Bethune ; with an Appendix, containing Extracts from her Writings. 13mo. — Thanksgiving and Thank-offerings. 1857. — Address at the Forty-second Anniversary of the American Bible Society. 1858. — Letter to Pres. Buchanan, urging him to Arrest the Progress of the Slave Power. — Christ at the Door. (N. T. Pulpit in Revival of 1858.)— Expository Lec- tures on the Heidelberg Catechism. Two vols. 1864. (The MS. of these sermons is in the Sage Library at New-Brunswick. See Princeton Review. Vol. 36, 705.) — A Sermon on Victory over Death and the Grave. 1874. (In Pulpit Eulogies of Nineteenth Century.) — Letters See Van Nesfs Idfe and Letters of Bethune and Todd's Life of Lahagh. — Article in Sprague's Annals on Dr. Brodhead. We append the publications of his mother : 182 THE MINISTET. Bethune, Mrs. Joanna. — 1. Infant School Grammar. 18mo,pp. 133. New- York : 1830. (Published anonymously.) — 3. Life of Isabella Graham, abridged for the use of Sunday-schools, with portrait. 34mo, pp. 144. New-Tork : 1834. — The Unpublished Letters and Correspondence of Mrs. Isabella Graham, from 1767 to 1814, exhibiting her Religious Character in the Different Relations of Life. 1838. — 3. The Ten Commandments, Lord's Prayer, etc., Analyzed and Explained. 18mo, pp. 73. New- York : 1859. Betts,Wm. B. S., b. in N. Y. ; U.C. 1836, P.S. 1830, (Phelps, N.Y., 1830-5, Upper Freehold, N.J., 1835-. ., Mt. Holly, N.J.,) Spottswood, 1843-5, Leeds, 1845-50, Athens, (S.S.,) 1851-4, Grahamville, 1854^6, Shokan and Shandaken, 1856-61, (Otisville, N.Y., 1861-0, Presb.) Betz, Wm. F., b. in Europe; amiss, in India, of the Rhenish Miss. Soc. 1863-75, May ; Lodi, N.J., (flo?.,) 1875-8, went to Germany, and subse- quently to Holland, where he now officiates. Bbviek, John H., b. 1805, studied under Westbrook, and N.B.S. 1831, 1. CI. N.B. 1831 ; Shawangunk, 1831-43, Ed. Christian Intelligencer, 1843- 53 ; Pordham, 1851-3, Glenham, 1853-60, Rensselaer, 1860-3, Rosendale, 1864^7, S.S. New-Concord, 1867-73, Emeritus, Ap. 15, '73. Beys, Henrious, b. about 1680 ; ord. by CI. Amsterdam May 4, 1705 ; c. to America 1705 ; Kingston, 1705-8, returned to Holland. Came back to America 1710, and took orders in Episcopal Ch. [Harlem and Fordham, Epis., 1710-13?] Suspended by CI. Amsterdam, 1713 ? returned to Hol- land, 1713, restored to the ministry of R.D.C., Cura^oa, 1714-17 . .. He was a candidate at Dordrecht, when the Classis of Amsterdam offered him the call from the church of Kingston, Oct., 1704. He is styled a young man of many good qualities, godly in deportment, and likely to make a very useful minister. He was detained by sickness, and did not sail till May, 1705. But the bright expectations were doomed to disappointment. In 1707 a scandal arose concerning his relations to his servant-girl, and he did not officiate from Dec, 1707, to June, 1708. Soon after, he returned to Holland. He made no complaints against the church of Kingston ; but he suddenly and without permission, and without defending himself, left the Classis and returned to America, and received Episcopal orders for Harlem and Fordham in 1709, Col. Lewis Morgan persuaded him to this step. A conference of Dutch ministers was subsequently held at Kingston, and a full account of the circumstances seat to the Classis. The criminal charges were not proven, In 1714 he was again in Holland, and was relieved of his censure for desertion of office and becoming an Episcopalian ! He was then sent as second pastor to Cura(;oa. — See Amst. Cor., XeWej-s 303-337. Watson's Hu- guenots cf Westchester Co., W. T., 87, 88. Doc. Hist. 4to, iii. 84. Col. Hist. V. 336, 354 Bolton's Hist. Westchester, ii. 833. Waldron's Huguenots rj Westchester and Parish of Fordliam, N. T., 1864. Bielfield, H. From G. E. Ch. 1855, Qer. Ref. Harlem, 1855. THE MINISTEY. 183 Bingham, Lutber, b. at Mid. Coll. 1821, lie. Essex Assoc. Mass., 1825 ; [Marietta, 0., 1825-37, Cincinnati, 1837-43, Wil- liston, Vt., 1843-51, Journalist, 1851-77.] Entered B.D.C., 1855, Colpor- teur, and connected witli Bd. Pub. Died 1877. WMle at Cincinnati he was agent in the temperance cause, and editor of a temperance paper. As such at that time and in that locality, he had pe- culiar trials and conflicts to endure ; but he stood boldly in defence of the cause in the face of fearful mobs, and the enemy quailed under his influ- ence. It was in the long and weary horseback rides over western prairies, to carry the tidings of salvation to the needy, that he laid the foundation of bronchial afiections, which finally unfitted him for public speaking. He came to New- York to find some means of supporting his family. He soon became deeply interested . in the Fulton Street Prayer-meeting, and after- wards acted as colporteur among the Union troops in South-Carolina during the rebellion. He was the author, for about eighteen years, of the reports of the Fulton Street Prayer-meeting in the 2few York Obsei-ver and Christian Intelligencer. He wrote certain chapters in Prime's " Power of Prayer." He published "Army Life," " Hospital Life," " Living Words from Living Men," " The High Mountain Apart," " The Young Quartermaster," "The Little Syracuse Boy," "The Little Drummer Boy," " Out of Darkness into Light," etc., etc. These practical and simple books did an immense amount of good. Birkby, John, b. at Yorkshire, Eng., 1792 ; Eotherham Coll., Eng., 18. . ; or- dained by the Congregationalists, (Earl Shelton, Leicester, Eng. , 18 . . ; Tockholes, Lancaster, Eng., 18.. -35; Hanover, N.H., 1835-40;) Ganse- voort, 1840-45, d. 1861. He was rather shrinking and reserved than covetous of prominence and notoriety ; prone ever to think more highly of others than himself, and timid in the exercise of gifts which he was known to possess and to be capable of wielding with effect. He was a man of singular simplicity and modesty, choosing the lowest seats, seldom taking part in discussion. But when his heart became deeply enlisted, and he was fairly drawn out by the strength of his convictions, he would speak with propriety, point, and power, reveal- ing a clear head, logical intellect and hoarded resources of a vigorous and independent mind. He was well read, thoroughly familiar with the Word, and able at will to draw from the sacred armory the weapon needed. His faith was that of a little child. He loved to sit at the feet of Jesus. He was impatient of all refinements designed to rob the atoning blood of a par- ticle of its efficacy. Birkey, Ab., b. 1806, '(Detroit, Ger. Kef. 1849-52,) 2d G. D. E. Ch. N.Y.C. 1852-65, d. 1867. Bishop, Ale:s. Hamilton, b. at New-Haven, Ct., 1810 ; Y.C. 1830, P.S. 1835, 1. by Connecticut Assoc. 1835 ; Astoria, 1840-53, d. 1854. He was a remarkable man. To natural powers of a high order he added years of unceasing culture. He had explored the varied fields of literature. 184 THE MINISTRY. and Ms views on most subjects were in advance of those of his age. Few knew the elevated standard which he had attained, for to all his intellectual cultivation there was joined a shrinking delicacy and an unusual reserve which did not reveal his true character, independent of men and of their sentiments, he was frequently misunderstood. He was evidently maturing for high purposes, (for all the results of his study and research were devoted to the glory of God and the good of man ;) but God took him in the midst of his usefulness and promise. His last words were, " I trust in the Gospel as I preached it." — Dr. M. S. Hutton. Bishop, Geo. Satles, b. at Rochester, N.T., June 38, 1836 ; A.C. 1853, A.S. and P.S. 1864, lie. Presbyt. Rochester, June, 1863 ; ord. by Presbyt. N.B. June, 1864 ; [Trenton, 2d, 1864^66, Newburgh, (Calvary,) 1866-. ., Orange, 2d, 18. .-75, all Presbyt. ;] Orange, N.J., 1875— [Bithahn, . Western North-Carolina, 178..] Blair, Robert J., b. in IST.J. 1800; N.B.S. 1833, 1. CI. , 1833 ; Miss, to Princetown and Guilderland, (Helderbergh,) 1824, Miss, to Salem, 1825, Princetown and Helderbergh, 1835-7, Helderbergh, 1837-30, w. c. 1867, d. He is remembered for his eminently consistent life as a Christian and as a minister of Christ, for the evangelical character of his preaching and his zeal. Meek and inofifensive as he was, few men have been more faithful in the discharge of pastoral duty, preaching the Gospel by the wayside and from house to house. Few men have been more willing to speak to their fellow-men for their good and for the honor of the Master. It pleased God that he should glorify him by patient endurance of suffering, often intense, for many years. But few of his friends at the time of his death could re- member him as a well man. He was for weeks together the welcome guest of many families in different parts of New-York and New-Jersey, which still retain the sweet savor of his godly example and pious converse. His latter years were spent in Bedminster, where he finally fell asleep. BLAinrELT, A^GUSTUS. R.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1861 ; assistant in Madison St. Chapel, N.Y.C., 1861-3, voyage to China, Oct. 1862-Feb. '63, Amoy, China, 1868-4, voyage to America, Sept.-Dec. 1864, Bloomingdale, N. Y., 1866-71, w. c. Publications : Kingdom of Satan, 1868. — Arts, in Scribner's Monthly. — Letters in Independent in 1873, and in other papers and magazines. Blawoelt, Cor. J. Lie. hy Seceders, 1838 ; ScIiraalenburgJi, 1838-53, Hack- ensach and Bnglish Neighborhood, 1852-9, d. 1861. Blatjvelt, Cor. J. N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. Paramus, 1843, Schraalenburgh, 1843-58, Blue Mountain, 1859-63, Woodstock, (S.S.,) 1864^5, Closter City, (S.S.,) 1866-9, West Hurley, 1869-78. BLAtmsLT, CoE. Ryckman, b. May 6, 1843, in N.Y.C. ; IT.N.Y. 1864, P.S. and U.S. 1867, lie. Pros. N.Y. Ap. 17, 1867; East New- York, May 6 1808-74, Dec, Newark, East, 1874^6, Ed. Sower and ffospei Field, 1874^5 again, Jan.-Aug. 1877, Ed. Christian Intelligencer, 1877 — THE MINISTBY. 185 Blattvelt, Geo. Mancius Smedes, (s. of Rev. Dr. Blauvelt, of Lamington, Presbt. ;] N.Y.U. 1850, P.S. 1853, 1. Presbyt. 1853 ; (Chester, N.J., 1853-6, Racine, Wis., 1856-9, Lyons Farm, 1859-64, Presbyt.) Tappan, 1864— Blauvelt, Isaac, b. about 1750 ; Q.C. 1783, stud, tlieol. under J. R. Harden- bergh, 1. CI. Hackensack, 1780 ; Fishkill and Hopewell, 1783-90, Para- mus and Saddle River, 1790-Nov. '91, susp. ; restored to cliurcli member- Bhip, 1834, d. about 1840. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1785. Blauvelt, Timotliy. Q.C. 1782, studied tlieol. under Livingston, 1. by Gen. Meeting of Mins. and Elds. 1784. Blaw, Cornelius. Pompton Plains, Fairfield, Totowa, and Boonton, 1763-8, Hackensack, (3d,) and Scbraalenburgh, (3d,) 1768-71. He appears to liave been a troublesome man of tlie Conferentie party, in- vading the congregations of others, accepting calls from the disaffected, and illegally administering the ordinances to them. Blom, Hermanus. Esopus, Sept. 13th, 1660-March 5th, 1667, returned to Holland ; (Wonbrugge, Holland, 1667-. .) Letters from Domines Megapolensis and Drisius had excited deep interest in Holland concerning the destitution of the American churches, (1659,) but no settled pastor could be induced to leave his field. The Classis then urged Hermanus Blom, a candidate for the ministry, to come to the New World. He arrived in April, 1659, and as Esopus seemed most in need, he was sent thither. Before, they had in that place only comforters of the sick, who read to them on the Sabbath days. He accordingly visited Esopus and preached two sermons. A church was at once organized, and he was called to become their pastor. He accepted the call, and sailed for Holland in September, 1659, to submit to the final examination and receive ordination. On February 16th, 1060, he returned, " ordained to preach on water and on the land, and in all the neighborhood, but specially at Esopus." In three years his church had grown from sixteen to sixty members. At the Indian massacre at Wiltwyck, in 1668, he acted most bravely, helping to drive away the savages. — Doc. Hist. iii. 581 ; Col. Bist. ii. 333 ; Letters in Amst. Cor. [Blumer, Abraham, (s. of Rev. John J. Blumer, of Graps,) b. 1736, in Switz. erland, studied at Basle, ordained 1750 ; chap, in a Swiss reg. 1756-66 ; u. to America, 1771, Allentown, Jordan, Schlosser's Ch., and Egypt, all in Lehigh Co., Pa., 1771-1801, resigned, d. 1823.] BODINB, Geo. D. W., b. Seneca Co., N.T., 1836 ; R.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Geneva, 1864 ; Addisville, Pa., 1864-8, Germantown, N.Y., 1868-74, Bushnell, 1874— Boehm, J. Lie. by R.D. ministers in New-Tork City, 1739 ; Whitpain, Ger- mantown and Philadelphia, 1739-47, Whitpain, 1747-9, d. Supplied also occasionally, Magunchy, Tulpehocken, and Egypt, Pa. J-OD THE MINISTRY. He was the first German Reformed minister in America. He liad been a Bclioolmaster in the Palatinate. He arrived about 1726. His home was about sixteen miles west of Philadelphia. He began to preach before he had a regular license, that the people might not suflfer for lack of instruction. He obtained a license as soon as circumstances rendered it possible. The Classis of Amsterdam, in 1729, directed him to be ordained by the ministers in New- York, (Boel and Gualterus Du Bois,) and ratified all the ecclesiastical acts he had previously done. He visited various settlements at a distance from his home, and preached in Philadelphia and Germantown once a month. Diffi- culties arose in 1743 with the Lutherans, through the preaching of Count Zinzendorf, and which were not quieted for many years". The difficulties began through the Lutherans and Reformed using one edifice. He also got in controversy with the Moravians living on the forks of the Delaware, pub- lishing a pamphlet against their tenets. He himself was charged by his opponents with teaching an absolute reprobation. His pamphlet was answered by George Neisser,- a schoolmaster in Bethlehem. He and the Classis of Amsterdam, with which he was connected, were ridiculed by his opponents for the severity of their doctrine. He died suddenly. His de- scendants are numerous. " Boehm's Church" yet marks the place of his residence and labors in the district west of Philadelphia. See Mercersberg Review, Oct. , 1876, for a full translation of all the voluminous documents connected with his ordination. This translation was made by Dr. T. W. Cliambers from the minutes of the Collegiate Ch. The same documents are also found in the Amsterdam Correspondence. See also Van Home's Hist. Ger. Ch. of PMladelphia,, p. 9. [Boehme, Chas. Lewis, c. to America, 1770 ; Lancaster, Pa., 1771-5, M'Allis- ter's, (or Hanover,) 1775-81, Baltimore, 1781-3. Harbaugh's Lives, ii. 391.] BOBHRBR, John, studied under Quldin ; 1. N. CI. L.I. 1855 ; West-Iieyden, 1856-63, JefEersonville, Thumansville, and Milesville, 1863-5, Naumberg and New-Bremen, 1875-6; Mina, 1876— Boel, Henricus, New- York, 1713-54, d. Officiated also frequently in all the surrounding churches. His brother, a lawyer, drew up the charges against Frelinghuysen for de- manding the necessity of regeneration before communion, in a pamphlet of 150 pages. He ordained a new consistory, in J. H. Goetschius' charge on Long Island, among those disaffected, and re-baptized their children. He was an enemy of the Coetus. His correspondence with the Classis of Am- sterdam shows his ultraism. He was sharply rebuked by the Classis. {Letter 636.) With Mancius, at Kingston, and Mutzelius, at Tappan, he bitterly opposed the efforts for ecclesiastical independence. While his col- league, Du Bois, was frequently sought after as a peacemaker, Boel was sel- dom, if ever. His portrait in the consistory-room in New- York is an evi- dence of his character. Yet such was the judicious course and amiable spirit of his colleague, that they seem never to have come in collision. — Doc. THE MIXISTET. 187 Bid. 2i. T. Aio ed. iii. 576. Eng. Mints. O/i. N. T., M>. B. 43. Amst. Cor., many letters. Boelen, Hermanus Lancelot, Jamaica, Xewtown, Oyster Bay, and Success, 1766-73, Oyster Bay and Newtown, 1772-80. He was a Tory in the Revolution, and in 1780 returned to Holland. His warm prayers for the king exasperated the ^^'higs. He was a widower, ac- companied by his daughter, and his language is said to have been too pure and high-flown for the people. He was of small stature, but had a stento- rian voice. He did not attend the meeting for union in 1771, although earn- estly exhorted to come by Dr. Livingston. — Mints. Ch. N. Y., Lib. B. 386, Eng. Tr. BOEK, Hemst K., b. at Dalfsen, Netherlands, Aug. 12, 1845 ; H.C. 1870, H.S. 1873, lie. CI. Mich., July 2, '73; ord. CI. Grand Hiver, Ap. 8, '74, as. miss, pastor ; Detroit and South-Haven, 1874r-6, Buffalo and Dnnkirk, 1876, — Bogardns, Cornelius, b. Sept. 25, 1780 ; studied theol. under Livingston, 1. CI. N.T. 1808 ; Schenectady, 1808-12, d. Dec. 13. Bogardns, Cornelius, b. at Fishkill, 1785 ; U.C. 1816, N.B.S. 1818, 1. CI. N.B. 1818 ; Miss, to Madison and Warren Cos., N.T., 1818-20, Beaverdam, 1821-5, Wynantskill, 1826-32, Boght, 1834-8, Gilboa and ConesviUe, 1838-42, supplied Blenheim for a time, a teacher, 1843-54, d. He pub- lished a treatise on the Mode of Baptism, 1821. Bogardns, Everardus. New Amsterdam, 1633-47, drowned. For a long time he was thought to have been the first minister in New- Netherlands, but see Michaelius. He arrived witli Governor Tan Twiller, in April, 1633, accompanied by Adam Koelandsen, a schoolmaster. The peo- ple of !^ew-Amsterdam had worshiped in a loft since 1626 ; but this was now replaced by a plain wooden building like a barn, situated near the East River, in what is now Broad Street, between Pearl and Bridge. Near-by a parsonage was also provided. Van Twiller's government was not what it ought to have been, and he received a severe reprimand from Bogardus, who styled him "a child of the devil," and threatened him with such a shake from the pulpit on the following Sabbath as would make him shudder. This coarse and unbecoming conduct was afterward charged against him. He was a widower when he arrived, but in 1638 he married Anneke Jans, widow of Roeloff Jans. She was of Reusselaerwyck. Her first husband had received a valuable grant of land near Red Hook. He had been Over- seer of the Orphans' Court (Surrogate) under the Dutch sway. (Doc. Hist. iii. 367.) He had also secured from Tan Twiller a grant of sixty-two acres on Manhattan Island, a little northwest of Fort Amsterdam. This was the original conveying of the valuable estate north of "Warren Street, in New-York, now in possession of the corporation of Trinity Church. It con- sisted of sixty-two acres, and was granted to Jans in 1636. After his death it passed to his widow, and upon her marriage with Bogardus it became 188 THE MINISTEY. known as the domine's Oouwerie. It extended along tlie river from Warren to Christopher Streets, and formed an irregular triangle. After Bogardus's death, she continued in the city, and in 1654 the title to the farm v/as con- firmed by Stuyvesant, and subsequently (1667) by the English Government. In 1671, William, for himself and brothers, Jan and Jonas, and two sisters, by their husbands, conveyed this farm to Gov. Lovelace ; but Cornells did not join in this conveyance. In 1705 the farm (then called the King's farm) was leased by the Colonial authorities to Trinity Church, which has since retained possession. The ground on which the heirs rest their claim is de- scent from Cornells, and that the title of the Colonial Government at the Eevolution became vested in the people of the State of New- York. Anneke Jans had four children when she married Bogardus — namely, Sarah, who married John Kierstead and afterward Cornelius Van Bussum ; Catharine, who married John Tan Brough ; Pytie, who married Peter Hart- gers ; and Jan, who married Annetje Peters, in 1683. Foar more were added by her second marriage — namely, William, who married Wyntje Sybrends ; Cornelius, born 1640, who married Rachel De Witt ; Jonas, born 1643, un- married ; and Petrus. As early as 1638, Bogardus wished to go to Holland to answer Van Dinck- lagen's charges against him, but he could not be spared. He had a daughter married in 1642, which event, after several rounds of drink, was seized by the Governor as a fit opportunity to secure subscriptions for a new church building. Many of the subscriptions were bitterly repented of afterward, but without avail. The domine protested against Kieft's murderous slaughter of the neighboring Indians in 1643 ; and two years later, when Kieft refused the right of appeal to the fatherland, the domine boldly de- nounced him from the pulpit, standing as he did on the side of the people's rights. Kieft had before this charged the domine with drunkenness and siding with the malcontents. The Governor and many of the oflBcers now remained away from church services, and excited parties to drum and shout during service. At last Kieft cited Bogardus for trial, and matters grew worse and worse till mutual friends interfered. After the arrival of Gov- ernor Stuyvesant to supersede Kieft, in July, 1647, both Kieft, with a large fortune, and Bogardus sailed in the same vessel to Europe to give an account to their superiors, (August 16th, 1647.) But by mistake they got into Bris- tol Channel and were wrecked oflF the coast of Wales, and both were lost. Out of one hundred lives, only twenty were saved. His widow ultimately returned to Beverwyck, (Albany,) where she died in 1663. — Col. Hist. N. 7. 1. 306, 399, 345, 417 ; ii. 144. Amst. Cor., 1641-7. The famous will of Anneke Jans was published in Cli. Intelligencer, July 20, 1838. BOGAKDUS, Fbancis M., [s. of Cor. Bogardus, (2,)] b. in Albany Co., N. T.; II.C. 1860, N.B.S. 1863, 1. N. CI. L.I. 1863; Greenbush, 1864-9, Westerlo, 1869-73, Mohawk, 1872-6f Brookfield, 1877— Bogardus, Nanning. Helderbergh, 1830-3, Fort Plain, 1834-5, S.S. at Plattekill ; Woodstock, 1838^3, Sharon, 1846-8, Westerlo, 1849-50, Gal- lupville, 1852-6, S.S. Canastota, 1858-9, S.S. Spraker's Basin, 1861-6, d. 1868. THE MIMSTEY. 189 Bogardus. Wm. E. E.G. 1860, X.B.S. 1863, 1. N. CI. L.T. 1863 ; Middleburgb, (S.S.,) 1863-4, Unionville and Greenburglj, 1865, Jan.-67, supplied Stuy- vesant Falls, 1867-8, Miss, to Xorris, 111., 1868-74, Saddle Eiver, 1874^ Bogardus, Wm. E. U.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1816,1. CI. N.B. 1816; New-Paltz and New-Hurley, 1817-28, Xew-Paltz, 1828-31, Aquackanonck, 1831-56, resigned, d. 1863. Few servants of Christ in the American Churcli have been more abundant in labors and in substantial spiritual results. UnafEectedly modest and re- tiring, he was best known and best beloved in the two charges in which he had labored. He always spoke of New-Paltz and Hurley, where he first settled, as his first love. Two hundred and eighty were received into the church during the fifteen years of his ministry among them. He was a fearless, faithful, sound expositor of the word of God. There was an unc- tion, too, in his delivery, a silvery clearness in his tones of utterance, that caught the ear of the listless hearer, and went thrilling home to the awakened conscience and the believing heart. Besides this, he was instant in season and out of season. He was faithful and earnest in his every duty. In his intercourse with his flock, there was a suavity combined with native dignity which attracted all classes and ages. He was every whit a Christian gentleman. In his appointments he was scrupulously punctual. In pastoral labors he was abundant and indefatigable. He was peculiarly happy in his ofifices to the sick and bereaved. There was a spiritual power in his pastoral ministrations which, in connection with his labors in the pulpit, must ac- count for the unusually large number of souls brought into the kingdom by his ministry. Sweet and melting, and often overpowering, were his ad- dresses at the communion-table. He was always prominent, too, in every good work. He was the pioneer of the temperance reform in Ulster County. AVhen the parsonage barn was raised, he dared to introduce the innovation of dispensing with the use of liquors on such occasions. On an inverted hogshead were placed, instead of the death-dealing poison, a pitcher of cold water and a bundle of temperance tracts. As his end drew near, not a shadow or fear disturbed him. Bogart, David Schuyler, b. in N.T.C. 1770; C.C. 1790, studied theol. under Livingston, 1. by Synod of E.D. Churches, 1792 ; Miss, along the Hudson and to the North, as far as St. Croix, 1792, Albany, as an assistant, 1792-6, (South-Hampton, L. I., Presbyt.) 1796-1806, Bloomingdale, 1806-7, (South- Hampton again,) 1807-13, Success and Oyster Bay, 1813-26, d. 1839. As a student he was zealous and indefatigable. His researches extended to many departments of science and literature. He sought in them all, truth, rather than mere knowledge. He, therefore, ever stood forth as the fearless and uncompromising advocate of truth, lie habituated himself to read the Greek Testament, so as to feel the idiomatic force of the original. He was conspicuous for uncommon quickness of perception, great clearness in the presentation of his views, facility of diction, and a graceful and im- pressive oratory. His frequent contributions to literary journals of the city, hia extensive private correspondence, and his public ministrations, were all 190 THE iriNISTET. cliaracterized by tliis abiding and unconquerable love of trutb. In tempera- ment be was cbeerful, kind, and generous, and in deportment uniformly bland and affable. To these qualities of beart and intellect was united a memory of surprising vigor and tenacity, from whose rich stores his friends might derive instruction and gratification, ever new and ever interesting. Several sermons of his were publisiied. His daughter Elizabeth (pseudo- nym " Estelle") wrote extensively for the New-York Mirror. Four of her prose tales were honored with prizes. Specimens of her poetry may be seen in " Qriawoldj's FemaZe Poets," besides a volume of Fugitive Poems, 1866. Bogert, Nic. J. M. E.G. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. 01. N.T. 1867 ; Metuchen, 1867-70, w. c. [White Haven, Pa., Presbyt. 1876—] Bogert, Samuel, studied under Froeligb, 1. 1804, d. 1868. Boice, Ira Condict, b. in Somerset Co., N. J., 18. . ; B.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1826 1. CI. N.B. 1836 ; Salem and Union, 1836-9, Bergen Neck, 1839-44, Clav- erack, 1844^59, Nortb-Hempstead, 1859-70, d. 1873. As a man, he was transparently honest, straightforward and upright, without guile and without hypocrisy. Firm in his convictions, resolute in his purposes, tender in his sensibilities, he combined strength with gentle- ness, vigor of principle with warm-hearted sympathy, the dignity of a Christian with the polish and courtesy of an accomplished manner tliat in- vited both respect and affection. No man who knew him could ever suspect him even of cherishing sinister designs or of seeking his own advantage at the expense of others. There was a nobility in bis nature which grace exalted and refined ; and a prac- tical sense that was seldom or never betrayed into the choice of unmanly methods to secure transient ends. Because of these qualities, he was loved and esteemed in a most unusual degree by ministers and good people, who were happy enough to know him well. "Wherever he went be carried sun- shine in his face and pleasure in his smile. Benignity looked out from his eyes, and grace seasoned bis conversation with all the amenities that can beautify social intercourse. Few ministers have been more enriched than he was with the trustful affection of companions and associates, and some of these were princes indeed in the clerical ranks, who could have and did have many friends, not one of whom did they love more than Ira C. Boice. The preaching of our departed friend was in a sense the reflection of his personal character. BOLKS, Seine. From Holland ; Overyssel, 1851-3, Grand Haven, 1853-5, Milwaukee, 1855-61, Chicago, 1st, 1861-3, High and Low Prairie, 1863-5, Zeeland, 1865-71, Orang*City, 1871-8, emeritus. Bolton, Jas. IT.C. 1851, U.S. 1833, 1. Presbyt. Brooklyn, 1853 ; Fordham, 1856-65, Colt's Neck, 1865-78, w. c. TBondet, Daniel, French Eef. Boston and Worcester, 1686-95, also Miss, to the Indians at New-Oxford, Mass., 1689-96, New-Rocbelle, 1697-1704, THE MINISTEY. 101 visits England and receives Episc. ordination, New-Rochelle again, 1709- 22, &.—Doct. Rist. N. Y. iii. 77, 84, 560-573. Col. Hist. v. 326, 354.] [Bonner, , a student under Stoy, 1757. — Sarbaugh's Lives, ii. 388.] Bonney, Peres B. B.C. 1857, Jf.B.S. 1861 ; became Presbyterian. [Bonrepos, David, French Eef. New-Koclielle, 1687-97, supplied New-Paltz occasionally, 1696-1700, FresU-Kill, Staten Island, 1697-1717, died 1734. See Van Pelt's Mist. Sermon, and Baird's Daille, 96.] BoOKSTAVEE, A. Atjgusttjs. E.G. 1866, N.B.S. 1869, 1. CI. Orange, 1869 ; Glenville, 2d, 1870-1, w. c. Bookstaver, Jacob, b. at Montgomery, N.Y., Feb. 9, 1817; E.G. 1837, X.B.S. 1840, 1. 01. Orange, 1840 ; Minisink, 1841-7, Teacher at Belleville, 1847-8, d. Dec. 11th. His great-grandfather, Jacob Bookstaver, was one of the first German set- tlers on the Walkill, and, in 1782, was chosen as the first deacon of the Church of Montgomery, then G erman Eeformed. Left an orphan in infancy, he was piously reared by an aunt. He was not a man of shining talents, but he had an amiable and generous temper. His health was not excellent, which prevented him from that extensive use- fulness which he would have desired. He was called suddenly away. [Boos, , Eeading, Pa., 1771-82 ; in 1775, CI. Amsterdam urged his re- moval. — Harbaugh's Lives, ii. 392.] Booth, Edgene Saiiuei,. E.G. 1876, X.B.S. 1879. BOKGESS, Herman, b. in Netherlands, Nov. 13, 1844; H.G. 1868, H.S. 1872, lie. Gl. Holland, July 2, 1873 ; ord. Presbyt. Chippewa, Ap. 25, 1873 ; [S.S. North Bend, Wis., Presb. Nov. 1872-3, Ap., pastor to Feb. 1874.] Cedar Grove, Wis., 1874— Bork, Christian, b. in Berlin, Prussia, Mar. 11, 1758 ; stud, under Bassett, 1. CI. Albany, 1795 ; Lawyerville and Sharon, 1796-8, Schodack and Beth- lehem, 1798-1803, Union, Union Village, and Schodack, 1804^^, Franklin St., N.T.C., 1808-23, d. Sept. His baptismal name was George Christian Frederick. His father, an officer in the Prussian army, died of a wound received before his son Chris- tian was bom. He was religiously educated by his mother, and at the age of fourteen was confirmed in the Lutheran Church. Nothing is known of him further, until about his eighteenth year, when an event occurred which influenced the whole of his subsequent life. Attending to some business for his mother, when about thirty miles from home, he was seized by the agents of government, and pressed into the military service, and was sent with others to this country to aid the British in subduing the United States, which had just declared themselves free and independent. Under these cir- cumstances, he left his fond and excellent mother, and the land of his birth, and embarked, never again to revisit the scenes of his childhood and youth. The next year, 1777, the troops to which he belonged joined a part of Gen. 192 THE MINISTRY. Burgoyne's army. After Burgoyne and Lis army surrendered at Saratoga, lie, with many of the German troops, chose to remain in this country. He left the British army shortly after they departed from Albany ; and, having been educated at Berlin, he tools charge of a school a few miles from the city, on the road to Kinderhook. He joined a regiment of New- York State Levies, under the command of Colonel Marinus Willett, in the spring of 1781, having the post of an orderly-sergeant ; and was honorably discharged from this service on the 29th of December, in the same year. About this period, and probably while yet in the army, it pleased the Lord to call him effectually under a sermon, preached in a barn in the Manor of Livingston, by the Rev. Dr. Livingston, who had left the City of New- York on account of the war. While in the army, Bork often collected a number , of soldiers around him on the Lord's day, to whom he read considerable portions of the Bible. After his discharge from the regiment of Col. Wil- lett, he continued to teach school for about twelve years. It is said that his sermons were remarkable for the rich abundance of Scriptural quotations which he introduced. And, while he was truly bold and zealous in his Master's service, not shunning to declare the whole coun- sel of God, he nevertheless delighted to speak of the power, the grace, and the love of the Saviour, concerning which he had large experience. In short, he seemed to have much of the spirit of the ancient martyr whose dying exclamation was, "None but Christ! none but Christ!" — Rev. C. 0. Van Cleef. See also Sketches in Bprague's Annals liy Drs. RardenhergJi and Matthews. Borst, John W. E.C. 1861, N.B.S., d. 1864. Bourne, Geo., b. 1780, at Westbury, Eng.; Homerton Sem., London, 1804, lie. 1804 ; (settled in Virginia and Maryland, 1804-. ., Germantown, Pa., Presbyt., 18..-.., Principal of Academy at Sing Sing, and Pastor of Presbyt. Ch., 18..-. ., Quebec, Canada, Cong. Ch., 18. .-33, (S.S.) West- Farms, 1839-42, d. 1845. He possessed an athletic frame and robust constitution, and always en- joyed vigorous health. Coming in contact with the institution of slavery in the South, he bore his testimony against it with directness, intrepidity, and boldness, both orally and by the press. He was subjected to great opposi- tion and severe trials. He also became, in Canada, an earnest opponent to Eomanism, being one of the pioneers in the discussions of the day. After 1833, he lived in New- York City ; and, while supplying the Houston St. Chapel and vacant churches, he edited, for some years, the Protestant Vin- dicator. He was a frequent contributor to periodicals and to the press ; was an author ; and also secured the republication of many valuable works, editing them himself. His knowledge of books and of general literature was extensive. His prominent trait of character was his intrepidity in what he believed to be right. Many of his friends thought that a little more of the suaviter in mode, combined with the fortiter in re, would have increased his useful- ness and efficiency. But no one doubted his sincerity and whole-souled de- votion in his course. He was also kind and frank. He died suddenly, in THE MINISTRY. 193 tUe oflBce of tlie GJiriatian Intelligencer, from heart disease. His principal publications are : A Picture of Slavery, Lectures on tlie Churcli of Christ, and Illustrations of Popery. His son, Wm. Oland Bourne, lias published several volumes, and among them The Hist, of the Pub. School Soc. of ST.T.C, 18T0. Boyd, HughM. U.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1830, Saratoga, 1830-3, Schaghlicoke, 1835-41, d. 1846. Boyd, John CampbeU, b. N.T. ; C.N.J. 1855, P.S. 1863 ; Caughnawaga, 1864. -70, w. c. Boyd, Joshua, b. Goshen, N.T., Mar. 10, 1785 ; U.C. 1814, studied theology with Dr. McDowell of Elizabeth, N.J.; lie. Presbyt. Elizabeth, 1823, Miss, to Eoxbury and Middletown, N.T., 1836-7, to Herkimer and Falls- burgh, 1837-8, Rotterdam, 1st and 2d, 1828-36, Rotterdam, 2d, 1836-40, Middleburgh, 1840-42, Germantown, N.T., 1843-50, w. u., d. Xov. 3, 1874. His pulpit services were unusually solemn and acceptable. Those who had the pleasure of his acquaintance will recollect him as venerable in his appearance, but modest in deportment ; unbending in his purposes, yet gen- tle and childlike in manner ; scrupulous to a nicety in the performance of his social duties as well as those obligations devolving on him as a minister of the gospel. As a preacher his manner was pleasing and persuasive, founding his arguments much on the love of God as manifested in the atonement. Wherever he labored warm friends were made among the wise and good, whose kind remembrances soothed the cares of his declining years. He lived to a. good old age, loved and respected by all who knew him — a faithful servant of his Master. Boyse, Wm. Miss, to Woodstock and Ashoken, 1826-9, Woodstock, 1839-37, d. 1853. — Mag. B.D.C. ii. 376. He published a small volume — Writings and Letters, Religious, Historical, and Pastoral. 1838. Brace, Frederick R. L. CI. N.B. 18G0. 1861 Presbyt. Bradford, John M., (s. of Rev. Ebenezer Bradford, of Danbury,) b. May 15, 1781, at Hanover, N.J.; Brown tJniv. 1800, studied theology under Dr. Ashbel Green, of Philadelphia ; lie. Presbyt. Philadelphia, 1803 ; tutor in C.X.J., 1803-4, Albany, 1805-20, susp. 1823 ; restored, d. 1837, Mar. 37. He was a man of fine appearance, dignified manners, and was an eloquent and impressive preacher. Few men have been better fitted by natural en- dowments for the position of a public speaker. His voice was uncommonly melodious, and his gesticulation dignified and graceful. His style was, rich and yet chaste ; and his sermons were compositions of a high order. For years he commanded large audiences, and was reckoned among the distin- guished pulpit orators of the day. He was elected a trustee of Queens Coll. 1807. — Mag. B.D.C. i. 7S. Sketch in Sprague's AnncUs, ly. Dr. Mat- thews. Publications : The School of the Prophets : A Sermon before Bd. Supts. 1813. (This contains valuable historical notes on Phillip's Academy, Dr. Mason's Sem., etc., with the important address of Gen. Syn., 1807, to tha 13 194 THE MINISTEY. churches.) Also a Sermon on the Struggle of the Dutch for Emancipation, 1814, and The Word of Life, 1817. Art. on Dr. Linn in Sprague's Annals. Bradford, W. J. Lysander, 1849-55. Branch, Henry. New-Haven, 1869-72. [Brandmiller, John, b. 1704, at Basel, Switz., came to America, 1741 ; or- dained, 1745 ; Allemoengel and Donegal, 1745-59, Teacher at Nazareth, Pa., 1759-67, died \'m.'\—Sarbaugn's Lives. Brandt, Henet W. N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Holland, 1863 ; Miss, to Belgium, 1863-65, Miss, in South Africa, 1865— Brett, Coenblitjs, (s. of P. M. Brett,) b. in N.T.C. Nov. 35, 1843 ; N.Y.U. 1863, N.B.S. 1865, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1865; Flatlands, 1865-70, Newark, 2d, 1870-3, Montgomery, 1873-6, Bergen, 1876— Brett, Philip MiUedoler, (grandson of Dr. Milledoler,) b. in N.T.C. 1818 ; E.G. 1834, N.B.S. 1838, l! Cl.N.T. 1838; Nyack, 1838^ St. Thomas, W.L, 1843-46, Mt. Pleasant, N.Y., 1846-51, Tompkinsville, 1851-60, d. In his charge on Staten Island, he entered with zeal on the work of build- ing up the church, after the new organization at Stapleton had been formed. His earnest piety, tireless energy, warm sympathy, genial friendship, and manly frankness soon won all hearts, and gathered many friends around him. Few pastors have succeeded so fully in obtaining and retaining the affection and confidence of their people. In a ministry of eight years, there were added 157^ persons to this church, 114 being on profession of their faith. Dr. Brett was of a dignified and noble presence ; his features ever wore an expression of attractive gentleness, which drew the heart even of child- hood to him. The little ones of the flock had multiplied assurances that they were cherished in his heart as objects of his teuderest interest, for whose pleasure he was ever devising plans, and for whose souls he watched with untiring devotion. He was suddenly stricken down, after having preached a sermon prepara- tory to communion. For four months he suffered before he died. His peo- ple testified of him that he was all that they could have wished him to be — , affectionate, zealous, faithful, and self-sacrificing. Says Dr. Matthews, "He was a very successful and able minister, of an" r elevated tone of piety, of great consistency of character, universally be- loved and respected both in his own congregation and out of it. He dis- • covered a peculiar fondness for the great leading doctrines of grace, which formed a prominent staple of his discourses. Toward the close of his days there was a peculiar maturity and heavenly-mindedness about him which seemed to betoken his early departure. He had a clear, lucid mind, and his ministrations were greatly blessed, 'His affectionate manner gave special power to his ministrations." i His wife (a great-grand-daughter of Domine Ritzema) became a victim . ^o the yellow fever at St. Thomas. Dr. Brett received a second pressing in- THE MISISTET. 195 vitation to settle again on tliat island, but declined. That people then re- quested Mm to print them, at their expense, .a volume of his sermons. This he did under the title, " A Souvenir of a Three Years' Ministry in R.D.C. of St. Thomas," pp. 334. iSTew-York : 1856. He was also editor of tlie Staten Island Chronicle, 1856-8. Several other sermons of his are printed, among which we mention The Mutual Responsibilities of Pastor and People, and The Retrospect : Two Sermons. 1854, 1855. Brinlierhoff, Geo. G.,b. at Closter.X.J., 1701; studied under Meyer, Romeyn, and Froeligh, 1. by the Synod of D.R. Chs. 1788 ; Miss, to the north, 17S9, Conewago, Pa., 1789-93, Kakeat and Ramapo, 1793-1806, Sempronius, near Owasco, 1808-13, d. Also Miss, to Genesee Country, 1796. His congregation at Conewago was broken up about the time of his de- parture thence by the almost total emigration of his people farther West. He was a godly man and a faithful Christian minister. Mild and gentle in temper, he was iirm and resolute in his opinions and purposes. He experi- enced a change of heart so early in life that lie could not remember the time ; and his spiritual exercises, as revealed in his religious conversation, are said to have been very deep and earnest, while his daily conduct was marked by simplicity and godly sincerity. His death was remarkably calm, and even triumphant. On Saturday morning he remarked to his family, " I think I may live until Tuesday ;" but in a few moments lie looked around and said, " I was wrong ; a little after midnight, this very night, my Lord and Master will call for me." He then called his relatives, friends, and neighbors who were in the house to his bedside, and gave them his parting counsels at considerable length, after which he said, " Isow I have done with this world. Why tarry thy chariot wheels so long, O Lord?" On being asked wbether he had any doubts of Ms salvation, he replied, " No ; if I were to doubt now, I would sin." Between the hours of one and two on Sabbath morning, as he had predicted, his Master called Mm home. — Rev. P. D. Van Cleef. BrinkerhofF, Jas. G. Studied under Froeligh, 1^19; MontviUe, 1821-4, seceded, suspended ; [Mbnt'cUie, 1824, EnglWi Xeigliborlwod, 1824, Mont- iiille, 1825-8, JiTontmUe and Faramus, 1828-30, Faramas and Clarkslown, 1830-40, Faramus, 1840-44, Mt. Morris, 1844-. .] Brock, John E. R.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1863,1. a. Passaic, 1862 ; West New- Hempstead, 18G2-6, Spring Valley, 1866-8, w. c, d. 1872. Brodhead, Jacob, b. at Marbletown, X.T., May 14, 1782 ; U.C. 1801, tutor in TJ.C. 1802, studied theology under Froeligh and D. Romeyn, 1. 01. Albany, 1804 ; RMnebeck Flats, 1804-9, Xew-York, 1809-13, PhiladelpMa, Crown St. 1813-26, Xew-Tork, Broome St. 1826-37, Flatbnsh, Ulster Co. 1837-41, Brooklyn, Central, 1841-6, d. 1835, June 5. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1812. Having dedicated Mmself to God in Ms youth, he kept Ms vow steadily until the end. So far from losing the warmth of his love, it grew with his experience and knowledge of his Saviour. Xo one could look on his marked, pleasing features, expressive of thought and feeling, Ms tall, manly 196 THE MINISTRY. frame, and his easy, prompt movement, witliout recognizing a sound mind in a sound body. Frank, generous, and kind, be appeared what he was. Keenly sensitive, he could not disguise his feeling of wrong ; and courteous himself, he expected courtesy. With less quickness of nerve and emotion, he would have lacked that appreciation of others which was his chief charm, and that perception of fitness which was his cliief talent. Vanity was too mean a vice to reach him ; but with less grace in his heart, he would have been proud. When he gave you his hand, you knew that his heart came with it, and his smiles or his tears were as natural as a chUd's. He was firm, yet not impassible ; consistent, yet never pragmatical ; steadfast in faith and virtue, but free from exacting bigotry and petty scru- pulosities ; fearless in censure of vice and error, yet tolerant of human weak- ness ; covetous of converse with the gravely wise and wisely good, yet affec- tionately considerate of the young, and delighting to .take little children up in his arms ; open to approach and winning in his advances ; so mingling freely with all classes, but ever mindful of his allegiance to tlie kingdom which is not of this world, he proved Tiot less in the common duties ■of daily life than in the fellowships of Christian solemnity, that his piety was a dominant principle, maintained by habitual communion with God, study of the Scriptures, and contemplation of eternal things. To say he never had an enemy were poor praise, for he followed the Cru- cified ; yet no scandal ever clung to Ms name, no blot rests on his memory, nor even an eccentric folly impairs the pleasantness of the image he has left on our min:ls. In his personal friendships he was true and constant. He shrank from no responsibility which Providence laid on him. He preached the Gospel in its simplicity. His style was an unusual compound of didactic statement, glowing illustration, and pathetic ardor. In Philadelphia he had control over crowds of hearers, unparalleled in the history of that city and rare in modem times. Thousands hung weeping on his utterances, and hearts long obdurate broke in penitence, as he pleaded with demonstration of the Spirit. Yet he never truckled to vulgarity of taste, or prejudice, or pas- sion ; never pleased the gross ear by invective or caricature never scoffed at the recorded wisdom of pious experience, nor acted the pantomime of droll or clown. He was ever solemn, earnest, reverent of God, and respect- ful to man. Tenderness was especially his characteristic. Having that ■almost instinctive skill to reach the more sensitive chords of the human heart, he could not restrain his emotion while he probed the torpid conscience or applied the balm of Gilead to the bleeding spirit. He delighted to preach on scriptural narratives, exhibiting the humanity common to us all, and making his hearers feel the applicability of the moral. But a man of such strong feelings lives fast ; and though he was clear, interesting, impressive to the end, it could not be expected that he would retain all the enthusiasm of his palmy prime ; but the age that sobered mellowed him, and his older hearers liked him not the less ; and his last charge, relinquished in his sixty-fifth year, was more fruitful than the first. His ministry was more successful, it is thought, than that of any other minister in the annals of our Church. During thirty-four years he received the average number of twenty-four persons annually into the Church on wisrWo c3rjv€'Xi.o£ iB.a?.®i©i8iJg.AiD)-iiii,jr' OF THE RliFORMED PROTESTANT DUTCH THE MINISTKY. 197 profession of faith. Some of his cliurclies were alec new or feeble wlieu lie took charge of them.— &« Commem. Ser. by Br. Bethune; Address hy Dr. T. Be Witt ; sketches in Sprague's Annals ly Brs. Bethune and Van Sani- word, and in Qunn's Imingston, Ed. 1856, p. 391. Pvh. : Several sermons of his were published : Introductory, Philadelpliia, 1813. A Plea for the Poor, 1814 ; for the benefit of the Female Hospital Soc. — A Discourse on Education, 1831. An Address at the Interment of Rev. G. A. Kuypers, 1833, and a few others. His son, Hon. J. Eomeyn Brodhead, is well known for his historical zeal and skill. He prepared a brief sketch of the R. D. Ch. in N.T. 1854, (appended to Dr. DeWitt's Hist. Disc.) 3 vols. of his Hist, of State of N.Y. (1609-1691) are pub. Vol. iii. yet in MS. Intro- duct, to Col. Hist, of N.Y. Address before N.Y. Hist. Soc. 1844. Report as Hist. Agent in Europe to Legislature, 1845. Address on the Commercial Hist. N.Y., 1859. Many papers in Proceedings N.Y. Hist. Soc. Broek, 'Dikck, b. in Netherlands; B.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Holland, 1864 ; Graafschap, 1865-70, Saugatuck, 1870-5, Cleveland, 1875-6, Polk- ton, 1876— Broek, Johk. H.C. 1868, H.S. 1871, 1. CI. , 1871 ; Beaverdam, Mich., 1871— [Broeffle, J. L., (or Preffle,) Canajoharie, 1784^8, Schoharie, 1788-98 ?] Brokaw, Abram. Q.C. 1793, studied theol. under Livingston ; Owasco, 1796-1808, Ovid, 1808-32, susp. ; seceded, d. 1840. Brokaw, Isaac P., b. at Middlebush, N.J., 1845 ; B.C. 1366, N.B.S. 1869, ]. CI. N.B. 1869; Newark, East, 1869-74, South-Bergen, 1874-8, Dec, Freehold, 3d, Jan., 1879— Bkokaw, Ralph Watson, b. at Middlebush, Feb. 14, 1855 ; E.G. 1874, N.B.S. 1877, 1. CI. N.B. 1877; Herkimer, 1877— Bronk, Robert, b. at Coxsackie, 1789; C.N.J. 1810, N.B.S. 1813, 1. CI. N.B. 1813 ; Washington and Boght, 1813-33, Washington, (or West-Troy,) 1833-34, d. 1837. His father was a Revolutionary patriot and statesman. He gave his son a thorough education. The intellectual traits of the son were clear, strong sense, logical accuracy, and a vigorous memory. He never cultivated his imagination, although, in the boldness of his appeals and his occasional flights of fancy, he gave evidence that he was not deficient in that faculty. He had the elements of a powerful preacher, though without the finished graces of oratory. He was exceedingly honest and conscientious. He be- lieved that true religion had its seat in the heart, inseparably connected with purity of sentiment and strictness of practice. He valued correct doctrine chiefly because it was the only true basis of sound morality. He had deeply studied the old writers, and his preaching was uncommonly logical and strong. He was also discriminating in his views and definite in their application. Those who heard him oftenest liked him most. He was firm, yet prudent. He shrunk from no proper responsibility, because he 1^8 THE MINISTET. expected to give' account to God. His course was a mean between a tem- porizing policy and an obstinate attachment to traditionary forms. He was liberal in bis views of doctrine and in bis treatment of men. He was also a laborious and successful pastor, and instrumental in turning many to rigbteousness. He was liberal with tbe means witb wliich God bad blessed him, and a warm friend of tbe great religious enterprises of tbe day. Bronson, Asabel. Wynantskill-, 1833-6, Fairfield, 1836-8, Easton, N.Y., 1838-9, Amity, 1840-3. Bronson, Oliver. U.C. 1845, Kinderbook, 1854-7, Presbyt. d. 1860. Brower, Cornelius, b. in N.Y.C. 1770; C.C. 1793, studied under Living- ston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1793; Pougbkeepsie and Stoutenbnrgb, 1794-1813, supplied Hyde Park, 1813-15, Prof, in Higb Scbool at Utica, and S.S. at Frankfort, 1815-33, supplied frequently Arcadia, Gorbam, and Tyre, 1833-^5, d. During all tbe latter part of bis life be did tbe work of an evangelist, and from bis borne in Geneva supplied many cburcbes around. He allowed no inclemency to prevent, bis fulfilling bis appointments. Courteous to all, sbowing no private resentments, never obtrusive, bis gravity was witbout moroseness and bis cbeerfulness witbout levity. He was a. thorough classical scholar and mathematician. He possessed an extensive biblical knowledge and was well read in tbe standard religious works of the last century. His mental qualities were mild and steady, rather than brilliant or dazzling. He was more desirous of being useful than popular. He had his severe conflicts witb temptation, but triumphed over them. Brower, Stephen H. Studied theol. under Livingston, 1. 1806 ; Greenwich, N.Y.C. (S.S. ?) 1806-7. Brower, Thomas. Schenectady, 1715-38, d. Brown, C. 1840. Brown, Henry J., 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1857 ; Miss, to Battle Creek, 1858-63 ; Episcopalian. Beowh, Samuel R. Y.C. 1833, Columbia Sem. S.C. and U.S. 1838, 1. by 3d Presbyt. N.Y. 1838 ; (also teacher in N.Y. Inst, for Deaf and Dumb, 1834-8;) Manager of the Morrison Chinese School, for boys, at Canton, China, 1838-47, returned to America ; Owasco Outlet, 1851-9, voyage to Japan, May-Nov. 1859, Kanagawa, 1859-63, Yokohama, 1868-7, (acting pastor of First Ref. ch. in Japan, 1863-7,) voyage to America, April-July, 1867, supplying Owasco Outlet, 1868-9, voyage to Japan, Aug.-Oct. 1869 ; in charge of a government school at Nigata, Oct. 1869-70, teaching, and also translating the Scriptures at Yokohama, 1870— Previous to his ordination he was an accepted missionary of the Ameri- can Board ; but as that Board had then some fifty accepted missionaries and not the means to send them, he returned to the Deaf and Dumb Insti- tution, to resume his labors there, while waiting an opportunity to go abroad. In about, * month he was waited on by a committee of three THE MINISTET. 199 members of tlie Faculty of Tale College to go to Ckina, in tlie service of tUe Morrison Education Society, organized in honor of tliat pioneer mis- sionary. The American Board at once released him from his obligations to them, to take charge of this work. This was the first Christian school in China. Kev. E. C. Bridgman and others were fellow-laborers in this work. Dr. Brown sailed in October, 1838, in company with Eev. David Abeel, on his second voyage. He was at length obliged to leave this position by the failure of his wife's health, and, returning to America, he remained till the mission to Japan wa» started by the Kef ormed Church, when he again offered Ms services, and was accepted. After eight years' services, his house and all his effects, including books and papers, having been burned at Yokohama, leaving him without shelter, he returned again to America, partly also with the design of making provision for the education of a daughter. In 1869 he returned to Japan. Publications : Translations of the " Sei To Ki Bun." 3 vols. Tedo, 1710 : or Aimals of the Western Ocean : being an account of the Trial in Tedo, in 1709, of the Abbe Sidotti, an Italian Priest, on the Charge of Teaching the Evil Doctrines (Christianity). Translated and published in the Transactions of the Xorth China Branch of the Asiatic Society.- — Trans- lations of the Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. Yokohama : 1868-76. — Colloquial Japanese, and Dialogues in English and Japanese. (A Grammar, Phrase-book, and Vocabulary.) 8vo, pp. 255. Shanghae : 1868. — Prendergast's Mastery System. Adapted to the Study of Japanese or Eng- lish. 13mo, pp. 313. Yokohama : 1875- — Letters in the Christian Intelli- gencer, The Sower, and the Springfield Bepiiblican. — ilany Articles in the puhhcations of the Oriental Society of China. Brown, Walter Scott, b. at Dumfries, Scotland, 1834; C.N.J. 1860, P.S. 1863, 1. Presbyt. Hudson, 1863 ; City Miss. N.B 1863-4, [White Lake, Is.Y., Presbyt., 1864^7,] Fallsburgh, 1867— Publications : Art. on Ref. Ch. Fallsburgh, in Quinlan's Hist. Sullivan Co. Also many articles for the press. Beowio-eb, Jas., (nephew of W. C. Brownlee,^ Glasgow University, 1826, studied theol. under Dr. John Dick, 1. Presbyt. Kilmarnock, Scotland, 1832 ; (Dom. Miss, in Scotland, 1832-4,) Port Richmond, S.I., 1885— Publications : Disc, in E.P.DiC. at Port Richmond, S.I., on its 200th Anui- ver. 1865. — An address on the 40th anniversary of his settlement at Poft Richmond, 1875. Brownlee, Wm. C, b. in Scotland, 1783 ; University of Glasgow, 1806 ? 1. by Presbyt. Stirling, Scotland, 1806? (5It. Pleasant and Burgettstown, Pa., Assoc. Kef 1808-13, Philadelphia, Walnut St. Assoc. Scotch, 1813-15, rector of Academy at Npw-Brunswick, 1815-17, Baskenridge, N. J., Presbyt. 1818-35,) Prof, of Langs, in R.C. 1825-0, New-York, 1826-48, emeritus, d. 1860. At the noon of his life and influence he was smitten,with paralysis, from the enfeebling influence of which he never recovered. %He went out, the 200 THE MINISTET. Strong man armed, to perform a public duty at Newburgli ; lie was brouglit home weak as a, child. With that stroke, as sudden and unsuspected as a flash of lightning in u clear sky, closed his public life. Never afterward was his voice heard in the sanctuary of God or in the assemblages of men. Cherished and soothed by his family and friends in private, he was dead to the public. The first sight of him impressed the beholder. His peculiarly adjusted hair; his penetrating eye, peering at everything through u pair of heavy gold spectacles ; his open, fresh, massive countenance ; his short neck — if neck it could .be called— bound round with a, cravat of many folds ; his short, compact, firm frame, made never to bend ; his firm step, indicative of a firm purpose — all these made a lasting impression. He was a man of un- usual strength of mind. His imagination, wit, irony were noticeable in his conversation, and discourses, and controversies ; but they were to his mind what the ripples on its bosom are to the river. His thoughts were strong and laid hold of gi'eat principles. And if he seemed to deal severely at times with those who differed from him, it was because he saw the efiect of their false principles in their remote consequences. His mind seemed at a glance to distinguish the true from the false ; and it was a part of his very nature to deal with the false in morals and theology with an unsparing hand. He regarded all error as the enemy of all righteousness. His.learning was extensive and accurate. Enjoying all the advantages of education which his own. Scotland could afford, he diligently improved them. His connection for so many years with classical institutions here served to give depth and accuracy to his learning. Besides, he was a most diligent student. In patristic learning he had but few equals, and he had fully mastered all the controversies of the Papal and Protestant Churches. With the very shadings of thought which separate truth and error he had a a most familiar acquaintance. His library was his home, where he made himself familiar with almost every department of learning. He was truly independent. He thought for himself, and was made to , Itead rather than to follow When he formed his opinions, they were never yielded nor conceded. When he resolved on a certain course, there was no turning baclc, tliough bonds and imprisonments awaited him. He had no armor or covering for his back. In the line of duty, he felt like the eagle rising from the rock, that above and beyond the storm there was eternal sunshine. This characteristic was wonderfully displayed in the controversy with the^Eomish priests — Power, Levins, and Varela — in 1833. Protestants were lukewarm as to the spread of Popery, and politicians patronized it because of the votes of its adherents ; but Dr. Brownlee saw in it a lurk- ing enemy conspiring against religion and all the great interests of humanity, and he resolved to drag it into the light. And this he did with a power and boldness that vows, threats, anathemas, and the most ribald abuse seemed only to strengthen. And when his friends feared his ap- pearance even in his own church, he went to work as calmly to batter down the walls of Eomanism as he did to visit the sick or preach the sim- ple Gospel to sinners ! To his mind the interests of true religion, the ex- istence of our liberties, and the perpetuity of the Republic were involved [K[EW«^™ £„ ffilfficKWKl LEEv I)o THE MIJIISTET. 201 ia the questions under dispute ; and lie was heedless of danger, and re- garded the threats of personal violence as an evidence of his victory over his assailants. But mingled -with his hravery was a most kind and gentle heart. These are traits of character generally united. "While a, lion in pubhc, he was gentle as a lamb in private. Amiable in his temper, soft in his manners, gentle in. his tones of voice and intercourse, conciliating in his conduct, he soon dissipated the awe which his appearance and name inspired ; and he proved himself as genial and courteous in private as he was terrific and fearless when combating error in public. He died without a single enemy, save the enemies of truth and righteousness. He was an able minister of the New Testament. Brought up amid the early religious training for which Scotch Presbyterians are so famous, he devoted himself in the morning of his life to the Lord. The strong, mascu- line theology of Paul, Calvin, Knox, which made Scotland what it was and is, became intertwined with his earliest thoughts and affections. In the pages of the Bible and in the volumes of the Covenanters and Puritans he found the principles of all science and the foundation of all true wisdom. He conned them over and over, early and late, until their principles be- came the law of his life. This fact is the key to all that was peculiar in his character ; and whatever estimate may be formed of his character, it is certain that in this way it received its distinctive impress. In all his prin- ciples, doctrines, and, feelings, he was a Covenanter of the stijongest mould, and his earnest and honest soul clung to his principles as the shipwrecked sailor clings to the cliff. His preaching was strongly doctrinal and argu- mentative, and often exhaustive of the subject. His manner in the pulpit was earnest, dignified, and impressive. He never lowered its dignity by unworthy themes. He fed the people with knowledge and understanding, and crowds attended his ministrations. From a full soul, that had a rich experience of its power, he poured forth the. truth as it is in Jesus ; and, although utterly averse to the histrionic and tinsel of the pulpit, he was one of the most popular preachers of his day. It is one of the mysteries of Providence that we may not comprehend why a man of such varied gifts, of such power for doing good, should have been so suddenly prostrated in the midst of his usefulness, and so long continued without the power of doing the things that he would. But what we know not now we shall know by and by. He is dead, but he will live for ages in his works. — Kirwan, in, JST. T. Observer. He possessed a fine natural disposition. Amiable to a remarksftle de- gree, unsuspicious, he might be imposed upon by the cunning, but he was fitted by native kindness to be a true and trusty friend. His endow- ments of mind had been cultivated with unremitting industry. In the Greek and Roman classics and ia belles-lettres his acquirements were accu- rate and elegant ; in general history and literature, very extensive ; and in theology he added to the careful stxidy of the original Scriptures, and of standard authors, much independent thought ; so that he was no novice, but might fairly have been called a learned man. In his profession, partic- ularly, he was well qualified both to expound and maintain the system of 202 THE MINISTKY. divine truth as set forth in our Reformed confessions, and also to confute or convince the gainsayer by appropriate arguments from reason or Scripture. For several years preceding his illness he had given his thoughts very much to the Papal controversy. His conviction of the destructive influence of that religion, and of its antagonism to our civil institutions as a policy, ■was so controlling, that, in frequent ministrations to his own people and by lectures, he exerted his best powers to direct the popular attention to the falsehoods and evils of the system. He was among the first in this country who gave it special prominence, nor were his labors without efiect in awakening attention to that subject. As a preacher, he was graceful, deliberate, yet engaging in manner ; al- ways perspicuous, often argumentative, and sometimes beautifully 'imagi- native and finished in style ; scriptural, doctrinal, and thoughtful in mat- ter. He excelled in the statement of doctrines and in expounding the sacred text. So that, noth withstanding the method ' of extemporaneous speaking which he generally followed, he brought forth from his richly furnished mind things new and old, and was an interesting, able, and in- structive minister. He was well read in polemical theology, and was more of a controvertist than many of his brethren, and much better. In the Trinitarian, the tJni- versalist, as well as the Catholic controversies he delivered full courses to his people, and in this capacity he was laborious in preparation, ardent and even unsparing, bearing down upon falsehood and heresy with a sort of holy violence, yet, in obedience to the dictates of his generous heart, he seemed free from bitterness and malignity toward the persons of his opponents, and could still meet them on kindly terms. — See Brownlee Memorial. Publications : Fearful State of Fr. Spira, an Apostate. 1814. — Inquiry into the Principles of the Quakers. 1834. (See Reviews of, Mag. R. D. O., i. 85.) — A Dissertation on the Nature, Obligations, and Form of the Civil Oath. 182i). (Reprinted in Mag. B. D. C, i. 383, 341, 376.)— The Gospel of Christ : Its Efficacy and the Conversation becoming it. A Farewell Sermon at Baskingridge, N. J., 1835. — On the Loftiest and most Important Branch of all Sciences : An Oration before the Literary Societies of- Rutgers College. 1837.— Sermon on the Death of Dr. Selah S. Woodhull. (Maff. B. D. C, i. 333, 365.)— On the Objections commonly urged against the Holy Bible. Premium Tract of Am. Tract Soc. , No. 337. (This tract and that of Rev. JohnDe Witt, Sr., [No. 193, The Bible of Divine Origin,] were competitors, but both so excellent that both were printed.)— Sermon on Genuineness and Authenticity of the Bible and the Madness of Infidelity. National Preacher, October, 1835.— The Roman Catholic Controversy. 1834.— Letter on Theo- dore Dwight's Book "Open Convents." 1836.— An Earnest Appeal to Christians. 1836.— Lights and Shadows of Christian Life. 1837.— The Christian Father at Home. 1837.— The Doctrinal Decrees and Canons of the Council of Trent. 1838. — Christian Youth's Book, and Manual for Com- municants. 1839.— The Converted Murderer.— History of Western Apos- tolic Churches.— The Whigs of Scotland. A Romance. 3 vols.— Popery an THE MIinSTEY. 203 Enemy to Civil and Religious Liberty. Fourtli edition, 1839. — Tlie Deity of Ckrist. 1841. — Letters on Christian Baptism addressed to Young People. 1841. — Eomanism in the Light of Prophecy and History : its final Downfall and Triumph of the Church of Christ. 1854. — St. Patricli ; or. The Ancient Religion of the Irish. — Introduction to " JIaria Monk."— Essays on Didactic and Controversial Theology.- — On Baptism. — Editor of Magazine of Beformed Dutch Church, 1826-30. Four vols. In this magazine, hesides a couple of Articles above alluded to, are found the following, known to be from his pen: A Missionary Sermon. 1826. Vol. I., p. 1. A Sermon on the Minis- try. I., 169. On Regeneration. II., 31. Arguments for the Authenticity of the Text for the Heavenly Witnesses. I., 33, 46, 80, 114, 143, 237, 336. II., 188. III., 43. On Judas the Apostate. IV., 19, 337, 363. Tract on Sailing Vessels out of Port on the Sabbath. IV., 398. A Review of Gregory on Evidences. II., 105. History of the Brownlees in Scotland. III., 353. History of Reformed Church in the iSTetherlands and in the United States. L, 193, 289, 353. II., 34, 55, 117, 153, 347, 313, 344. IV., 193. Bruen, Jas. M. University of Pa. 1839, U.S. 1843, ]. 3d Presbyt. X. Y. 1843; (Xew- Windsor, Presbyt.) 1845-8, Irvington, 1850-3, w. c. 1853-73. Bruen, Matthias, b. at Newark, N.J., Ap. 11, 1793, C.C. 1813, Assoc. Ref. Sem. ]. CI. X.Y. 1816; traveled in Europe with Dr. Mason, 1816-18, or- dained in London, 1818, in order to preach in Paris ; Paris, six months, 1818-19, Miss, to Bleecker St. Hs.Y.C. Presbyt. 1833-5, pastor, 1835-9, d. Sept. 6. He was highly accomplished in manners, in literature, and in the knowl- edge of men. He was an elegant scholar, and often extremely happy in bringing his learning to assist his forcible illustrations of practical subjects. The operations of his mind were rapid. He had a most retentive memory and a sound judgment. He possessed a nice sense of what was honorable and becoming the place and time, as well as lawful, and a, characteristic abhorrence of whatever is trickish and mean. With high and honorable feelings, he united great Ingenuousness and humble views of his own powers and acquisitions, but especially of the measure of his religion. Ivo person who knew him could fail of marking him for a, man of truth and moral intrepidity. There was a beautiful correspondence of his kindly, dignified, and discreet demeanor to the actual characteristics of his mind. — See Life and Character of Bruen, X.Y. 1831. Dr. Baird's Life, 103, 167, 170. Mag. E.D.C. iv. 224, 260. Drake's Am. Biog. Publications : Essays descriptive of Scenes in Italy and France. Edin- burgh : 1820. — A Sermon in Am. Chapel, Paris, 1818. — A Thanksgiving Ser. 1833.— A Ser. before Fenaale Bible Soc, 1823. Beush, Axfeed H., (s. of Wm. Brush ;) R.C. 1862, X.B.S. 1885, 1. 01. Rari- tan, 1885 ; Shokan and Shandakeu, 1865-07, Kassau, 1867 — Brush, John C, studied theol. under Livingston, 1. CI. X.Y. 1793 ; X. and S. Hampton, 1794^96, (Dutch Creek, Cross Roads, and Dover, Del., Presbyt.) 1796-18...) Mints. G. S. i. p. 463. 204 THE MIXISTRY Brush, Wm. B.C. 1830, N.B.S. 1834, 1. CI. N.Y. 1833; Guilford, 1834^51, Bedminster, 1852-66, Fordliam, 1869-74, w. c. Brusli, Wm. W., (s. of Wm. Brush,) h. at Guilford, N.Y., Sept. 25, 1843 ; II.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1865, lie. CI. Earitan, 1866 ; Farmer Village, 1866-8, Marbletown, 1868-72, Geneva, 1873-8, d. Mar. 31. From early youth he was peculiarly thoughtful and conscientious. About the middle of his Junior year in college he was converted. His mind was first directed to the study of the law, hut a growing sense of duty led him to enter the ministry. He was a thorough scholar, a sound theologian, and well versed in doctrine. He was also a diligent and most acceptable pastor. His manners were gentlemanly, pleasant, and winning, and his general con- versation sprightly and genial, the outflow of a warm Christian heart. His piety appeared in his whole conduct. His elocution was earnest, animated, forcible, and never failed to interest his hearers. At Geneva he took rank among the ablest ministers, and was recognized as a worthy successor of the distinguished clergyman Who had previously filled that pulpit. He possessed the faculty of attracting the love of every one. His youth, earnestness of spirit and deep, spirituality of character made him friends everywhere. He was an active worker in the temperance movement, and every good cause found in him a warm and earnest advocate. [Bucher, John Conrad, b. 1730, in Switzerland ; came to America in 1755, as a military oiHcer, the British, from policy, choosing German olEcers for German troops ; ordained, 1763 ; Carlisle, 1763-8, also at Middletown, Pa.^ 1765-8, Hummelstown, 1765-7, Falling Spring, 1765-8, Lebanon, etc., 1768-80, d. "He was remarkable for having acquired a rich flow of language and un- precedented copiousness and energy of thought, which rendered him useful, and attracted the attention of all who heard him." — Harhaugli's Lives.J Buck, Chs. Duetbe, b. at Knox, N.Y. ; W.C. 1845, U.S. 1850, 1. Presbyt. of Columbia (now in Albany Presbyt.) 1850 ; Peekskill, 1851-70, Hoboken, 1870-4 (S.S. Weehawken, Presbyt. 1874-7), Middletbwn, 1877— BucEBLBW, Wm. D. E.g. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. N.B. 1851 ; Currytown and Mapletown, 1853-55, Athens, 1855-59, Moresville 'and South-Qilboa, 1859-04, Blue Mountain, 1864^71, Tyre, 1871-6, Westerlb, 1876— Buckham, Jas., 1841. Bulkley, C. H. A., from Presbyt. of Ontario, 1851, Ithaca, 1851-3. BuMSTBAD, Sam. Andrews, b. in Maes. ; Mid. C. 1823, P.S., lie. by Franklin Assoc, Mass.; ord. Evang. by Cong. Jan. 31,1828; Manayunk, 1831-5, Manayunk and Eoxborough, 1835-49, Eoxborough, 1849-53, Spring Lake, 111., 1853-01, Earitan, 111., 1861-76, Norris, 111. (S.S.) 1876— Bunnell, Seth. IT.C. 1835, Glenville 1st, 1835-8, d. Burghardt, Peter H. U.C. 1840, West Farms, 1853-55, Glenville 1st, 1855- 01, Chaplain First Chasseurs, N.Y.V., 1864-05. THE JIINISTET. 206 Bari, P., from Ref. Ch. of Berne, Switzerland, 1858. — See Mints. Gen. Syn. 1859, p. 449. Burr, Marcus. N.E.S. 1863, 1863 Presbyt. Burroughs, Geo. W., 1854. Burtis, see Alburtis. Burtiss, Arthur, \>. in N.Y.C 1807 ; U.C. 1837, P.S. and Aub. S. 1833,1. Presb. Geneva, 1883 , (Buffalo, 1838-5,) Fort Plain, 1835, (Oxford Presbyt.) 1835- 40 (?). Teaching in BufEalo ; Sec. Am. and For. Ch. Union, 1859-63, Prof. of Greek Lang, in Miami University, 1864-7, d, _ He was the son of Arthur Burtiss, long one of the city aldermen, when the office was one of honor rather than profit. The father was for many years connected with the charitable and reformatory institutions of the city, and was a man of great moral worth and integrity. Dr. B. was edu- cated in the best classical schools of Xew-Tork, and was one of the most accomplished classical scholars in the State. He spent the first two years of his collegiate life at Columbia College, and the last two at Union. Soon after graduating, he commenced the study of the law, with Jas. O. Moore, of Cherry Valley, N.T., and whose step-daughter he subsequently married. Afterward he pursued his legal studies in the city of New-Tork, in the office of Chancellor Kent. Before his admission as an attorney, he concluded to change his profession, feeling himself called, under his strong sense of duty, to preach the Gospel. He accordingly entered Princeton Seminary in 1830, where he spent two years, and thence went to Auburn Theological Seminary, where he spent one year. Dr. Burtiss was not celebrated as a public speaker, for he was naturally timid, and had- a slight hesitancy at times in his speech. But he was a man of great and varied learning, and was especially a most accomplished Latin and Greek scholar. His true place was that of a college professor. This came to him late in life, when he was chosen Greek Professor of the Miami University, Ohio. Though his career as a professor was short, he had im- pressed all, both students and faculty, with his great capacity and qualifica- tions for his new office, both as a scholar and devoted Christian ; and his death among them was the cause of profoundest sorrow. He died while his robes of office were yet new upon him. — Eon. Wm. W. Campbell, Glierry YaiUy, N.T. BUUBSMA, ALE,b. at Ferwerd, Neth., 1841 ; H.C. 1836, H.S. 1869, lie. CI. Holland, 1869 ; Polkton, 1869-73, S. Holland, 111., 1872— Cahoone, Wm., Jr., b. 1776; D.C. 1834, P.S. 1837 ; Miss, at Berne, 1838, Miss, at Stuyvesant, 1838-9, Hyde Park, 1839-33, Coxsackie, 1834 -47, Fordham, 1847-8, d. 1857 (?). (Campbell, A.D. Miss, in Brooklyn, 1837.) Campbell, Allan Ditckpield, (s. of W. H. Campbell ;) B.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1868,1. CI. N.B.1868; Athens, 1st, 206 THE MIISriSTKT. Campbell, Jas. BENJAMisr. N.B.S. 1870, lie. CI. , 1870 ; Cliatliam, 1870-3, Lebanon, 1873-6, Albany, 3d, 1876— Campbell, Jas. K., from Ref. Pres. Ch, ; ordained as a Miss, to Nortliern India, 1834 ; North-Branch, 1838-54. Cambbbll, Wm. Henbt, b. at Baltimore, 1808 ; D.C. 1828, P.S. 1831, 1. 2d Pres. N.T. 1831 ; Chittenango, 1831-3, Prin. Erasmus Hall, L.I., 1833-9, East New- York, 1839-41, Albany, 3d, 1841-8, Prin. Albany Academy, 1848- 51, Prof. Oriental Lit. in New-Brunswick Sem. 1851-63, also Prof. Bel. Let. Eutgers Col. 1851-63, Prof, of Moral Phil. 1862-3, President Rutgers College, and Prof. Bib. Lit. , Moral Phil, and Ev. Christianity in R. C. 18G3— Elected a trustee of Rutgers College, Sep. 16, 1863. D.D. by U.C. 1844. Publications : Funeral sermons of Drs. And: Yates, 1844; S. H. Van Vranken, 1861, (in Manff. Quarterly/, ii. ;) of Dr. T. M. Strong, 1861; of Hon. Theo- dore Frelinghuysen, 1862 ; of Hon. A. O. Zabriskie, 1874 ; Art. on Dr. Yates in Bprague'a Annals; Influence of Christianity in Civil and Relig- ious Liberty, in Proceedings of tkang. Alliance, 1873 ; System of Cate- chetical Instruction in Bef.O/i., Centennial Discourses, 1876 ; Subjects and Modes of Baptism, 1844 ; many addresses and sermons, including the Bac- calaureate Sermons as Pres. of Rutgers College, in the papers. His Fun. Ser. of Dr. J. F. Berg in 07i. Int. July 27, 1871. Many articles in Albany Argus, Christian Intelligencer, etc. Campfleld, Eobt. B., b. 1801 ; C.N.J. 1834, Aub. S. 1828, lie. Pres. Cayuga, 1827 ; [Caldwell, N. J., 1838-9, Assist. Sec. Dom. Miss. Pres. Ch. (in Phila- delphia,) 1829-30, Agent, Am. S.S.tJ. 1880-1, New-Preston, Conn., Cong. 1831-4, Sec. Am. S.S.U., New-York, 1830-58;] Sec. Sab. S. Bd. R.D.C. 1858-62 ; [Sec. Am. and For. Chr. Union, 1862-73, traveled in Europe, Egypt, and Palestine, 1872-3, preaching to the poor in Newark, 1873.] In 1855 he wrote Maria Cheesman, or the Candy Girl, pp. 158. Cannon, Jas. Spencer, b. 1766 in the Island of Cura(;oa ; studied under Froeligh and Livingston, 1. CI. Hackensack, 1796 ; Six Mile Run, and Millstone, 1790-1807, Sis Mile Run, 1807-36, Prof. Ecc. Hist. 1818-19, again 1836-53 ; also Prof. Metaphysics and the Philosophy of the Human Mind, in Rutgers Col., 1826-52, d. • Elected a trustee of Queens Col., 1800. He was a man peculiar in many respects, and calculated to attract atten- tion wherever he might be, even among a crowd of people. His bodily frame was tall, erect — not corpulent, but well developed in every part, making the impression on you of one that possessed considerable muscular strength, power of endurance, and high health. His garb was, for the most part, of the antiquated sort, from his broad-brimmed hat down to his feet, with the exception of the large silver, well-polished shoe-buckles. His gait was slow, measured, firm, dignified, straightforward ; the gait of one who seemed to regard walking as something that was to be done with care and according to rule, and not in a light and trifling manner. His utterance was distinct and deliberate, like his gait — emphatic, impressive, with con- siderable of the guttural, and the broad pronunciation of the letter A about ^J. C/t^ k^ChL-^ THE JII>aSTEY. 207 it. He ■was fond of throwing out short, pithy, pointed, striking, practical remarks in liis talk, and was successful generally in doing it, for lie liad a well-stored and a well-disciplined mind, and a memory very capacious, re- tentive, and ready. Perhaps lie was a little too measured, formal, stilted, artificial, and oracular in what he said and did. This is not written in the way of disparagement, but to furnisli ag accurate a likeness as possible. He was a very studious, diligent man, even to the end of his protracted life — cne of seventy-six years. He read much, and, to prove tliatbe read witli discrimination and care, and pondered wbat lie read, lie used to say tliat it was bis babit to read witb tbe pen in bis band, and to mark in the margin of tbe page any sentiment, or argument, or fact, that struck bim. as valuable and interesting, referring in tbe blank leaves at tbe end of tbe book to the pages be bad thus marked. Thus be could, in a short time and witb great ease, gather tbe cream of every volume be had read, and ponder it again, and use it for any specific purpose which be had in view. He laid great stress on careful, thoughtful sermonizing, and insisted that it should be a life-long exercise of every minister. He had gathered together a large amount of valuable knowledge. We see one proof of this in bis treatise on Pastoral Tlieolc(jy. Though it may have its defects, it is a treasure-house to every minister of tbe gospel. And he managed to perform this vast amount of intellectual labor without any apparent injury to his health ; and this, no doubt, was mainly owing to the manner in which he pursued bis studies. He was systematic, regular, seasonable, steady, calm, moderate — remarka- bly BO. He was, therefore, always beforehand witb his work ; never hur- ried, or driven, or cornered ; never urged or goaded beyond bis strength. His example may be turned to a good account by men of all occupations, but especially by students, and still more especially by theological students and ministers of the gospel. — D.D. by E.C. 1811. B,ev. Oabriel Ludloio. See also New-Brunswick Beview, i. 100 ; Evangelioal Quarterly, ii. 115 ; Biograph. sketch prefixed to his Pastoral Tlieology ; Art. in Sprague's Amuils, by Dr. Proudfit ; Biblioiheca iSac. 1854, p. 420, McClintock's Cyc. ; Ch. Int., Feb. 8, 1853. D.D. by U.C. 1819. Publications : Lectures on History and Chronology, 1834. Second Edition. — Article in Sprague's Annals on Eev. Ira Condit. — A Fourth of July Ora- tion. 1815. — A Sermon on a Sacramental Occasion. (Published anony- mously). — Lectures on Pastoral Theology. 8vo, pp. 617. N. Y., 1853. See Pnnceton Bev., 1854, p. 139. — Address to Hon. Theodore Frelinghuy- sen as President elect of Bntgers College. 1850. {New-Brunswick Bev., i. 100.) Carle, Jean, N.T.C., French Ch. 1754-64; went to London. Chaplain of French Hospital, London, 1768— (1790 ?) See Doc. Hist. N.Y., ito ed. iii. 315. , Carle, John H., Q.C. 1811, partly in X.B.S. 1814, 1. Presbyt, Geneva, 1814 ; Marbletowu, Hurley, and Shokan, 1814-26, (Presbyt. 1835-48,) Maple- town and Currytown, 1848-51. Carpentier, Casper, mentioned in 1657 in a letter of Megapolensis and 208 a?HE lUNISTEY. Drisius to CI, Amsterdam. He was u, brother-in-law of Jean Paul Jacques, commandant at Fort Casimir, Delaware. He died in 1684. See Amst. Cor., Letters 89, (Aug. 5, 1657,) 247, (Oct. 10, 1688.) This latter is is quoted in Murphy's Antliology, 108. Doc. Hist N. Y. iii. 69-73. SpatUs- wood's Hist. Ser. New-Castle, 1859. Dr. Spottswood says, " In 1684, there died in this town a French clergyman, concerning whom we can learn nothing. It is presumed that he was one of the exiled Huguenots." Cabr, Wm. H. Prattsville, 1870-5, Sharon, 1875-7, Gallupville, 1877— Carroll, J. Halstbad, (s. of Rev. D. L. Carroll.) U. Pa. 1851, P.S. 1854, 1. Presbyt. Philadelphia ; (Jamesburg, N.J., 1855-7, Aiken, S.C, 1858-60, S.S. South Cong. Ch. New-Haven, 1863-8,) New-Haven, 1838-9, Brooklyn (Lee Av.) 1869-73, East Brooklyn, 1873-6, Newburgh, 1S76— Ptib. : Memorial of Gerard Hallook, 1866. — Letter to Dr. Leonard Bacon, 1866. Carroll, Vernon Bond, b. at Baltimore, Md., 1846 ; E.G. 1868, N.B.S. 1871, lie. Cl. L.I. 1871 ; Pottersville, 1871-3, Chapel of Collegiate Ch. N.Y.C. (7th Av. and 54th St.) 1873-7, Warwick, 1877— Carey, J. A. West R.D.C., N.Y.C. 1851. Case, Calvin. B.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. Cl. Bergen, 1851 ; Grahamville, 1853-8, Day, 1855-7, Kiskatom, 1857-60, West-Hurley, 1860-5, w. c. Center, Samuel, b. 1794 at Hoosick, N.Y. ; Mid. C. 1819, N.B.S. 1833, 1. Cl. N.B. 1823 ; Miss, to Johnsborough and Chester, 1833, Herkimer and German Flats, 1834-6, (Moriau and Northumberland Presbyt.) 1837-80, teaching in Class. School, Albany, 1830-7, in Michigan University, 1837- 40, pastor also at Monroe, Mich., 1837-40, Agent of For. Evang. Soc. 1840-1, Prof, in Albany Academy, 1841-. ., in Angelica Academy, and ' Pastor at Angelica and'Macedon Center, 18. .-1859, d. He was of Welsh extraction. His ancestors settled in Boston before the Eevolution, and his parents were Baptists, He was called to Herkimer in 1835, (a new enterprise, which he had begun the year before,) but the oppo- sition of the old church and pastor prevented success, and he and his church joined the Presbytery of Albany. While laboring in this field he was blessed with a powerful revival. He was not ordained till 1838. He was a man of more than ordinary height, of a well-developed and remarkably symmetrical form, pleasant features and agreeable address. He was naturally sensitive. He aimed at excellence in all that he undertook. His mind was of a metaphysical cast, and he loved to grapple with great prob- lems. His sermons were therefore not unfrequently above the mental range of his hearers. He was better adapted to the Professor's chair than to parochial duties. As a teacher, he was successful, gaining a high reputa- tion. He was regarded by Governor Marcy and others as possessing almost nequaled qualifications for imparting instruction and disciplining the ~ of young men. He was eminently social, genial, pure, and true. He ^i^itually minded, and everywhere exerted his influence in favor Quarter-Millennial 'Anniversary ■ or THE "I^EFORMED fROTESTANT- J)UTGH GHURCH 5th Ave AND 29th. St [Pv' City of New York NoverT^D^r Ltidi''. Sis' !S"8 TUB MINISTEY. 209 of vital godliness. He was mucli sought after and was peculiarly happy as a spiritual counselor. He was an earnest laborer in the temperance move- ments of the day. — Sev. Oils. Scott. Chalker, Isaac. New-Paltz, 176.. -176.. Chamberlain, Jacob. W.R.C. 1856, N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. N.Y. 1859 ; voy- age to India, Dec. 1859-Apr. '60, Palamanair, 1860-3, Mudnapilly, (S.S.) 1863-5, Mudnapilly and Palamanair, 1866-73 ; voyage to America, 1874, visiting the churches. Mar. 1875-July, 1878, voyage to India, Aug. Ist-Oct. 1878, in India, 1878— Dr. C. was appointed President of the Committee for Rdvising the Teluga Version of the Scriptures. lie has also translated several parts of the Lit- urgy of the Ref. Ch. into Telugu. His paper on The Telugu People and their Language, read before the Am. Oriental Soc, New-Haven, 1876, is printed in their proceedings. Chambers, Talbot Wilson, b. at Carlisle, Pa., 1819 ; E.G. 1834, I^.B.S. and P.S. 1839, 1. Presbyt. Clinton, Miss., 1838; Somerville, 2d, Jan. 23, 1840-9, New- York, 1849— S.T.D. by C.C. 1853. Publications : The Importance of City Missions.. 1850. — The Happiness of the Pious. JSfat. Preacher, 1853. — The Duty Due to Deceased Pastors : A Discourse at the Funeral of the Rev. George Schenck, 1853. Also Art. on Schenck in Bprague's Annala. — New Edition of Qunn's Life of Livingston, with some new matter, 1856. — Preface to tract, The Gospel the only True Re- former, 1856.— The Noon Prayer-Meeting in Fulton Street, 1858. (Prince- ion Bemew, xxxi. 157.) — Translation of Mints, of Coetus and Conferentie 1859. — Memoir of Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen, LL.D.,1863. — Economy a Christian Duty. Mat. Preacher, 1865.— Defence of the Old and Rightful Name of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church, 1867. — Objections to Sunday. Schools, JV^. 7". S.S. Instit., 1868. — Discourse at tho Centennial Anniversary of the North Dutch Church, 1869. — Reminiscences of Dr. Alexander Mc- Clelland : A series of fourteen articles in The Ohrislian Intelligencer, 1873. — Exposition of International Series of S.S. Lessons in TJm Ohriatian' Intel- ligencer, 1873. — Article on John Knox, the Reformer, in McClintock and Strong's Cyclopsedia, Vol. v., 1873.— Exposition of the Book of Zechariah. (In Lange's Commentary) 1874.— SchmoUer's Exposition of Amos. Trans- lated and enlarged. (In Lange's Commentary.) 1874.— Twenty-eight Ar. tides on Palestine and the East, in The Christian Intelligencer, 1874-6. — Recalling the Past : A Sermono n the Twentieth Anniversary of the Cburcfi Fifth avenue and Twenty-Ninth street, 1874. — The Guileless Israelite : A Sermon-iu commemoration of Rev. Dr. T. DeWitt, 1875.— The Influence of the Reformed Dutch Church in Preserving Soundness of Doctrine. (Csre- iennial Discourses,) 1876. — ^Vedder Lectures. The Psalter a Witness to the Divine Origin of the Bible, 1876. Trans, of ordination papers of Rev. J. P. Boehme. (Mercersberg Rev., 1876.) Is Man Depraved? {North Am. Bev., 1878.)— The Writings of Solomon, {Family Ireasury, 1873.) Chambers, Theodore Frelinghuysen, (s. of T. W. Chambers,) b. Raritan, 14 210 THE MINISTET. N. J., May 19, 1849 ; C.C.N.T. 1868, U.S. 1871, 1. CI. N.Y. 1871 ; teacher, N.Y.C. 1871-2; Ponds, N.J. 1873-6. [Deckertown, N.J. Pxesb. 1876— J Cliapman, John Liddell, b. Ash Grove, Ireland, Feb. 17, 1812 ; XT.S. 1841, 1. Presb. . . 1841 ; Irvington, N.J., Nov. 16, 1843-9, Prin. of the Home Insti- tute at Irvington, N.J. 1849-64. [S.S. Irving, Kan. 1864-8, Troy, Kan. 1869-71, Prof. ip. Lay College, Brooklyn, N.Y. 1873—] Chapman, Nathan Faknham. E.G. 1844, N.B.S. 1846,1. CI. N.B. 1846; Miss, to Keyport, 1848-9, Canajoharie, 1849-53, Plattekill, 1853-64, CaatB- ban, 1864-7, [S.S. Mt. Paran, Md. 1873—] Chester, Charles Huntington, b. at Norwich, Ct., Oct. 14, 1816 ; studied with his brother. Rev. Dr. A. T. Chester; P.S. ; lie. Presb. Albany, Oct. 21, 1840 ; [S.S. Greenfield, N.Y. Presb. 1840-4 ;] ord. sine titulo, Presb. Albany, Oct. 13,1843; [Schuylerville, (R.D.C.,) 1844-9;] Niagara Palls, Presb. 1850-5, S.S. Oak's Corners, N.Y. 1855-6, Miss, at Shortsville, N.Y. 1856-7, Agent Presb. Pub. Co. 1857-61, S.S. Havana, N.Y. 1861-68, S.S. Dresden, 1868-71, d. Apr. 4, 1878. With a number of ministerial and other friends, he went in a special train to Farmer Village to attend the funeral of Rev. W. W. Brush. While in the cars, he was stricken with apoplexy, and died on the train. [Chitara, Ludwig, once an Augustine monk, c. to America, 1785, studied under Hendel and Weyberg, 1. about 1787; Knowltou and Hardwick, N.J. 1787-92, A.']—Harbaugh's Lives, ii. 404. Chhoa Rhian-Khbt, studied under the missionaries at Amoy, China ; lie. by the Taihoe (or Classis) of Amoy, in spring of 1871 ; ord. Dec. 31, 1871 ; Amoy, 1st, 1871. Chittenden, Alanson B., b. at Durham, N.Y., 1797; U.C. 1824, Aub. Sem. 1828? Miss, to Montgomery Co., N.Y., 1827-8, Glen and Miss, at Charles- town, 1831-4, Amity, 1834r-9, Westerlo, 1839-40, Sharon, 1841-5, d. 1858. Christie, James, studied under Mason, 1815, 1. 1815 ; Union Village, 1816- 18, Assoc. Eef. Christie, John I., b. at Schraalenberg, 1781 ; C.C. 1799, studied under Froeligb, 1. CI. Bergen, 1802 ; (Amsterdam and Galway, Presbyt. 1803- 13,) Warwick, 1812-35, d. 1845. His honesty and punctuality in business became proverbial. He was liberal to the pdor and in Christian benevolence. He was devoted to his calling and a, well-read theologian. As a preacher, he was clear, instruc- tive, practical; while as a pastor he was kind, honest, affectionate, and sincere. He had strikingly those qualities of a good bishop — "A lover of hospitality and a lover of good men." He took u, plain, common-sense view of all subjects which came before him, testing all by the Word of God. iSeeing much in himself which he deeply deplored, he was ready to cast the mantle of charity over others. In experience, he did not always enjoy the TUB MINISTRY. 211 pleasure of bi nsible communion -with God. There was a prevailing senti- ment in his thoughts of God's holiness and justice and his own guilt and depravity, yet it was his great desire to please God. No man was more particular in the observance of ordinances, yet no man placed less con- fidence in his own works. The burdeu of his heart was the imperfection which accompanied every performance. Church, John Eeownsost. E.G. 1867, N.B.S. 1870 ; lie. CI. Eensselaer, 1870 ; Taghkanic, 1870— Clancy, John, Florida, 1835-60, Presbyt. (Clark, Jas. See Manual of 1869.) Clark, Eob. C. N.B.S. 1838, 1. CI. of Philadelphia, 1838 ; license after- ward withdrawn, at his own request, 1844. Clakk, Eufds W., b. in Newburyport, Mass., 1813 ; Y.C. 1838, New-Haven and And. Sems. 1841, lie. Presbyt. Newburyport, 1840; [Washington, D.C., Presbyt. 1841-3, Portsmouth, N.H., Cong. 1843-51, Maverick ch. East Boston, Cong. 1851-6, Brooklyn, Cong. 1857-63;] Albany, 1st, 1803— (See sketch in Christian at Work, Aug. 31, 1876.) Bibliograpliy — Volumes: Lectures to Young Men. Wasliiiigton, D.C., 1843, pp. 165.-- Memoir of Eev. John E. Emerson. 1851, pp. 406.— The same, abridged for American Tract Society. 1853, pp. 373. — ^Heaven and Its Scriptural Emblems. Illustrated. 1853, pp. 369. — Lectures to Young Men. Boston, 1853, pp. 380. — Life Scenes of the Messiah. Boston, 1854, pp. 330. — Eomanism in America. Boston, 1854, pp. 871. — The African Slave-Trade. American Tract Society, 1860, pp. 103. — Heroes of Albany, who Fell in Defense of our Nation, 1861-65. Albany, 1867, pp. 870.— The Bible and the School Fund. Boston, 1870, pp. 137. --The Work of God in Great Brit- ain under Messrs. Moody and Saukey, 1873-75. With Biographical Sketches. New- York, pp. 371. Eepublished in London, pp. 313. Second American edition has Discourses of Mr. Moody added. — Notes on the S.S. Internat. Lessons for 1870. Question - books for Sunday - schools published by the Massachusetts Sunday-scliool Society, as follows : On the Doctrines of Christianity. 1850, pp. 133.— The Life and Teachings of Christ. 1863, pp. 150.— The Heroes of the Bible. Four volumes. Graduated to all ages of pupils. 1864.— The Great Truths of the Bible. Three volumes. 1866. — The Great Duties Taught in the Bible. Three volumes. 1868.— Also, Questions on the Book of Isaiah. Pamphlets: Popery and the United States. 1847.— Conscience and Law. 1851.— Elements of a Vigorous and Useful Character. 1848. — Essay on John Foster and his Writings. 1848.— Disc, at Ord. of Eev. John E. Emerson at Newburyport. 1850.— Dedicatory Ser. at Barnstable. 1851. — Address before Am. Peace Soc. 1851.— The Atlantic Telegraj^h. 1858.— Intemperance, the Great Evil of N.Y. and Brooklyn. 1860. — Disc, before Foreign Miss. Soc. 1859. — Christian Conversation (in JV. T. Pulpit.) 1858. — Unity of Am. Nationality. 1863.— Christian Friendship. 1864.— Sources 212 THE MINISTKY. of Min. Success (in Nat. Preacher.) 1864.— The Bible the Source of True Civilization. Am. Tract Soc. 18G7. — Life and Char, of Hon. Stephen Van Rensselaer. 1868.— Eeligiou in the State and School. Am. and For. Ch- Union. 1870.— Review of Prof. Stuart's Pamphlet on Slavery. 1850. — A System of Theology in Verse. Gh. Int., June 28, July 6, 13, 1876.— Slietches of Revs. Wheelwright and Laugdou in Sprague's Annals. — Relations of Religion to Civil Liberty (in Centennial Discourses, 1876.) Besides these volumes, pamphlets, and a few special discourses above mentioned, Dr. Clark's discourses and articles as printed in the periodicals of the day are exceedingly numerous. For a large list of them see Christian Intelligencer, Nov. 23, Dec. 7, Deo. 14, 1876. Clark, Wm., S.S. at Duel, 1843-4. Clakk, Wm. Hendeb, b. at Hudson, Ohio, Ap. 11, 1837 ; W.E.C. 1859, U.S. 1863, lie. by Presb. Brooklyn, Ap. 37, 1853, ord. by Presb. of Columbia, N.Y., Jan. 6, 1864; [Spencertown, N.T. (Presbyt.) 1863-5;] Chapel of Colleg. Ch. N.Y.C. cor. 29th St. and 7th av. 1865-9, Chapel of Colleg. Ch. cor. 54th St. and 7th av. 1869-72, Patersou (Broadway) 1873. Cleghorn, Elisha B., b. in Missouri ; P.S. 1851 ; lie. Presb 1851; [Chap- lain for Seamen at Callao ; Agent Col. Soc. ; Ed., New Orleans ;] entered E.D.c:, w. c. 1868-74, Cleveland, Geo. H., b. in N.Y. 1851 ; E.C. 1878, N.B.S. 1876 ; lie. CI. N.B. 1876 ; Clinton Station, 1877— Close, John, b. at Greenwich, Ct., 1737; C.N.J. 1763, 1. Presbyt. of Dutchess Co. 1765 ; [Huntington, 1766-73, New- Windsor and Newburgh, 1773-96 Presbyt.,] Waterford and Middletown, 1796-1804, d. 1815 (or 1813.) Cludius, Theodore, studied in Europe, 1. CI. N.B. 1865 ; New-Brunswick, 3d, 1865-6; Ger. Eef. Cobb, Henry Nitchie, b. in N.Y.C. Nov. 15, 1834; Y.C. 1855, U.S. 1857, 1. 3d Presbyt. N.Y. 1860 ; ord. by 3d Presb. N.Y. May 10, 1860 ; Miss, to the Nestorians in Persia and Koordistan, (Am. Bd.,) 1860-2, Millbrook, 1866— Besides many articles in the periodicals of the day, he has published (tract) "Mind your Business," (M. Ep. Soc.,) 1859 ; Letters from Constanti- nople and Oroomiah in Bib. Soc. Record, N. Y. Evangelist, Ch. Intelligencer, and Miss. Herald, 1861-3 ; Series of Pastoral Letters to the Helpers of the Nestoriau Missions in the Koordish Mountalins, (Oroomiah, 1861-3 ;) Ed. of "Rays of Light," a monthly paper in the Syriac language, (Oroomiah, 1861-3 ;) Almanac, 1861-3, in Modern Syriac ; Sab. School Hymn-book in Modern Syriac, 1863 ; edited the Ancient Syriac New Testament for Am- Bib. Soc, 1874 ; Suggestive Readings from Syriac New Testament, in Pr««&yf. Quarterly, 1874 ; edited and wrote Introduction to " Songs in the Valley of Achor," 1874; and. poems in newspapers, in "The Changed Cross," and " The Shadow of the Rock." THE MINISTET. 213 Cobb, Olivek Ellsworth, b. in N.Y.C. Mar. 21, 1833; Y.C. 1858, U.S. ' 1857, 1. 3d PresbTt. N.Y. 1857 ; Hopewell, Sept. 1, 1857-73, Flushing, 1872— Cobb, Sandfoed Hoadlet, b. in X.T.C. 1838 ; T.C. 1858, P.S. 18C2, 1. 3d Presbyt. N.Y. 1862; Scbobarie, 1864^71, Saugerties, 1871— Pvblicatioiis : Preaching to Sinners, Princeton Bev. 1867 ; S-S. Libraries, do., 1871. — Farrar on the Constitution, Am. Pres. Bev. 1870. Cochrane, A. G. »Mid. Col. 1847, P.S. 1850 ; Fort Miller, 1852-63, Easton, N.Y., 1863-9, S.S. at Gansevoort, 1873, again 1877— Cock, Gerhard Daniel, Rhinebeck and Camp, (or Germantown, N.Y.,) 1763-84, also supplied Xew-Paltz, 2d, 1768-70. See his petition to Sir Henry Moore against Hardenberg, etc., who forced him to take the oatli of allegiance, when seeking to suspend Meyer, 1764. Doc. Eist. iii. 598, 991. Coens, Henricus, sailed from Holland, Oct. 7, 1725 ; Aquackanonck, Second River, Pompton, 1725-30 ; Ponds, 1730-5, d. Feb. 14, 1735. He wrote to Holland a, detailed account of the troubles between the churches of Second Elver and Aquackanonck. Cole, David, (s. of Isaac D. Cole.) b. at Spring Valley, N.Y., 1822; R.C. 1843, lie. Presbyt. N.B. Apr. 13, 1858; ord. by CI. N.B. Nov. 23, 1858 ; East-Millstone, 1858-63, Ap. 1, Prof, of Greek Lang. andLit. inR.C. Mar- 16, 1863-66, Jan. 1, Yonkers, Dec. 10, 1865— Publications : Manual of English Grammar, 1848. — Classical Education, 1854. (In Barnard's Am. Jour. Ed.,Vol. I.,J67.) — ^Aims of the State Normal School of -ST. J., 1857. (In Barnard's Journal, T.) — The Principles of Eng. Gram. Applied, 1862.— Many editorials in W. T. TeacTier, 1855-6.— Decennial Discourse at East-Millstone, 1865. — Thanksgiving Disc, 1866. — Hist. Address at Yonkers, on the 25th anniver. of that church, 1868, pp. 109. — ^Offerings to the Lord : Annual Ser. on Benevolence before Gen. Svn. 1874. — Isaac Cole and Cath. Serven, or the Genealogy of an Extensive Branch of the Cole Family, 1633-1876, pp. 269.— Our Am. Republic the Child of Special Providence, 1876. — Many contributions to the press from 1845 onward. Cole, Isaac D., b. at Spring Valley, "S.Y., Jan. 25, 1799 ; N.B.S. 1829, 1. CI. y.Y. Aug. 4, 1829, ord. CI. Paramua, May 24, 1831 ; assistant at Tappan, Nov. 1829-31, May 24 ; colleague at Tappan, May 24, 1831-2, Dec. 13 ; Totowa, 2d, Dec. 16, 1882-3, Dec. 16, Tappan again, 1838-64, Feb. 9 ; w. c, but supplying Presbyt. Ch., Kew-Hempstead, iST.Y., occasionally. Died Aug. 30, 1878. He passed his early childhood, from 1802 to 1807, in the Collegiate Church, under the instructions of Drs. Livingston, Abeel, and Kuypers, and his youth, from the latter date to his conversion in 1818, under the min- istry of Rev. Christian Berk. At about twenty his thoughts were turned to the ministry. Attempts to prepare for college were defeated by repeated 214 THE MINISTEY. attacks of blindness, brought on by excessive application to study. In 1836 he was a successful teacher in New- York City. The longing for the min- istry had never abated, and the trouble with the sight having passed away, he left teaching and entered the Theological Seminary. Mr. Cole was of pure Holland ancestry, being in the sixth American-born generation from one of the officers of the West-India Company, in New- Amsterdam, as early as 1633. Attachment to the Reformed Church, its history and standards was a strong element of his nature. And this birth- right love was deepened by his veneration for the pastors of his youth. But what he had so reverenced in these favorite models early became with him a conscious life. He inherited from his father simplicity of feeling and plainness of manner. A modest demeanor and a composed spirit were among his admirable traits. Yet he was eminently firm in opinion and in action. His life in Christ was clear, and his interest in spiritual things profound and singularly uniform. His devotion to the truths of the gospel as sub- jects for conversation and teaching was rare. His knowledge of the Divine Word, both of its letter and spirit, and his skill in the use of it, were mar- velous. His Christian experience was unspeakably rich, and his judgment in utilizing it excellent. He had great wisdom in dealing with exercised souls. As a pastor, he enjoyed the affection and confidence both of the old and the young. In the pulpit he spoke as an ambassador from heaven, sol- emnly responsible for delivering his message without addition or diminu- tion. His manner was tender, but earnest. He always preached without manuscript, and his delivery was wholly free from affectation; yet his sense of the proprieties of the pulpit was so perfect that his manner never gave pain to good taste. Devout reverence for his Master and his truth gave unction always to his discourses. He was generally quiet as to tone and gesture, yet often, in perorations of sermons, when speaking of the peril of the impenitent or the coming glory of the saints, he would rise to a sublimity of thought and diction difficult to surpass. He spoke so much in Bible words, and so directly to heart experience, that he was acceptable in all pulpits. He pursued his ministry on the field of the great secession of 1833, and always had about him many of the traditional prejudices that had come down from that event and period. And despite his own rare love for and soundness in our Reformed faith, he was actually arraigned and formally tried upon a charge of heresy. These surroundings and experiences had wonderfully cultivated the teaching qualities for which he was by nature remarkable. He was a man of vigorous faith and earnest prayer, and did everything in the fear of the Lord. Liberality with his worldly means was one of his prominent characteristics. In respect to himself, one concern with him was supreme. He loved to speak of the solidity of his hope, but never lost sight of the words : "He that endureth to the end shall be saved." On his dying-bed he was wholly given up to spiritual meditation an3 prayer. He could not speak much, but when he did speak, he literally poured out the word for the instruction and comfort of those around. His familiarity with the truth as it is in Christ was never brought into more touching display. Finally he sank to his rest, leaving behind him the memory of a life that in every relation, whether of son, brother, husband, father, THB MINISTRY. 215 neighbor, citizen, teaclier, or minister of tlie gospel, bad been a powerful preacher both by example and precept. A memorial volume of him, for the family and friends, is in course of preparation by his son, and will bo , printed so as to appear about the same time with this work. Cole, Solomon T. N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Ulster, 1864; Platteliill, 1864-8, Preakness, 1868-72, Schagticoke, 1873— Collier, Edwahd Augustus, (brother of Ezra and Jos. Collier,) b. N.Y.C. 1837; N.Y.U. 1857, P.S. 1860, 1. Presbyt. of Nassau, 1859; ord. Evang. by Presbyt. North River Nov. 6, 1860; (Saugerties, Cong. 1860-1, Amenia, N.Y., Presb. 1861-4,) Kinderhook, 1864— . Pvb. : Hist. Disc, at Kinderhook, " The Hallowed House," 1865. Collier, Ezra Warren, b. at Plymouth, Mass., Nov. 10, 1836 ; E.G. 1848, N.B.S. 1854, 1. S. CI. N.Y. 1854; Manhattan Ch. N.Y.C. 1854-G, Free- hold, 2d, 1856-66, Coxsackie, 3d, 1866-67, died at Aiken, S.C, Dec. 5, 1869. From childhood his tastes and habits were literary. In early life he wrote considerably for the press and for his own gratification. The writer has a number of his poems and other literary productions. The former are unusually graceful and melodious, and each embodies some delicate fancy. He always wrote with great facility as well as iinish, and his spoken style was as finished as his written. We have never heard any one who united such fluency with more exactness of expression and arrangement of thought. His fancy was exuberant and his rhetorical culture of a high order, yet his taste was so severely correct that he was never guilty of the sensational or the " splurgy." He was a connoisseur in words. When he heard a new or apt expression it was as if a botanist had found a new floral specimen. He took the delight in hearing a speaker that always strikes the right word, that one with a sensitive ear for music takes in the firm and perfect touch of a skilled pianist. His style was sententious, his periods being brief and compact. It was instinct with subtle and delicate beauties of thought and phrase which, doubtless, often escaped his less cultivated hearers. It was eminently biblical. He had the Scriptures at his tongue's end, and was not afraid of being called old-fashioned because he appealed to the Divine Word rather than evolved his conclusions from the " depths of his own con- sciousness." His strength and clearness of mind were equal to its beauty. He was a proficient in mathematics, and it was his favorite study. Although shrink- ing almost morbidly from disputation, when aroused he was a logical athlete. He would, after writing a sermon, be able to recite it verbatim with only one or two perusals, and thiS not merely at the time, but equally well without re-reading, after the lapse of weeks and months. He was once exchanging with a brother minister, and after entering the pulpit was impressed with the conviction that the written sermon which he had brought with him was not adapted to the audience or the occasion. Sud- denly there rose to his recollection the text of a discourse which he had committed to memory several years before, but which he had never since 216 THE MINISTET. re-read or recalled. He rose, and repeated it from beginning to end without hesitation and exactly as he had originally written it. There was a unity about the plan of his sermons which never left any doubt as to his theme. In fact, he lodged the central and seed-thought of his discourse so firmly and distinctly in the minds of his hearers that it was almost impossible to forget it. Those who did not know him intimately could hardly suspect the ex- quisite and original humor of the man. In familiar intercourse it glanced and sparkled along his speech with an almost unconscious naturalness. It was inimitable, and wholly aui generis, yet so subtle as almost to be occult to those who had not a large perception of humor in their own natures. As his health declined this vivacity almost wholly faded, and needed to be aroused by special social influences, but it never wholly left him. This, with his extensive literary acquirements and his command of lan- guage, rendered him, to some at least, the most fascinating of talkers. It was the conversational charm with which he held me that first drew me to that intimacy of many years, which is now one of my most cherished recol- lections. He was, too, superior to popular applause, and to those mere surface graces of manner and adaptations of style which attract the crowd. Other- wise, and had he devoted a tithe of the care and self-discipline that a great many inferior but more conspicuous men have sucessf uUy employed for this end, he might have been one of our most popular and sought preachers. Another trait of character contributed to this result. He was devoid of ambition. The idea of emulation or rivalry was distasteful to him. And he shrunk from publicity as persistently as many others court it. He had the grand contempt of noble natures for all things circuitous and petty. Though naturally conservative, he instinctively sided with the generous side of every question, and when he took his stand could not be frightened from it by any amount of clamor or persecution. He often seemed cold and unsympathetic to strangers or casual acquaint- ances. But they who knew him well knew that a "more tenderly pious, a more genial and loving nature never existed, nor one capable of a warmer enthusiasm for the true, the beautiful, and the good. The poor and the humble can testify to his gentle and kindly nature. Ko one ever left more devoted friends in every class. And every one respected him with a profound respect, which never dared encroach upon the limits of delicacy and propriety while he lived, and which looks back and says, " That was a man, every inch of him !" When needful to keep the obtrusive in the background, or repulse the impertinent, or cheek the irreverent, his tongue was a sword whose point was as sharp as its stab was grave and quiet. He was a faithful and devoted pastor. He was content and happy in the unshining round of a country minister's useful and self-denying labors, and every week and every year saw his work done, and well done, till the sum- mons came to work no more, but to walk homeward through the evening shadows to his heavenly rest. And all during those months of patient and gradual decay his faith and THE MINISTRY. 217 liope were unwavering and briglit. His religion was very cliildlike. He knew all about tbe rationalizing speculations of our ecientifio age, and had himself passed through that phase of mental and moral experience. But he was too large of brain and elevated in the spiritual cast of bis nature to conceive of a world without tbe supernatural and tbe divine as its supreme and imminent fact. He saw nothing contrary to reason in a personal, holy, just, and loving God. Neither did he see why that God should not reveal himself to man, and use for that purpose inspired writers, and above all. One who was tbe likeness of his own glory, shrouded in a veil of flesh. And be recognized in Jesus of Nazareth this Divine humanity, from whose lips be was willing to take tbe law of life and immortality. And when that Blessed One offered himself as the vicarious atoner for tbe sins, of whose existence he needed no revelation from without, he joyfally received Him, and clave to Him with a, simple but unrelaxing trust, even unto death. His was that true positivism which takes account of moral phenomena for the inductive evolution of moral truth. And finding in his own consciousness a sense of sin which could not be cleansed or quieted ex- cept by tbe interposition of a Divine Redeemer, finding there, in fact, au echo of the gospel, he never dreamed of going to material nature, or to tbe brain for confirmation or refutation of tbe spiritual things which the spirit, out of its needs and aspirations and conscience of sin, is alone competent to discern. Thus, his faith was childlike as it was unfaltering. Thus be lived and thus he died. Not amid visions and raptures, but walking calmly in the unclouded daylight of God, a faithful and successful worker, a true friend, a strong-minded, strong-hearted, genuine man, a bumble Christian, always and in every relation of life a man of God. — Rev. F. N. Zabriskie. Piiblications : Biography of bis brother Joseph, as an Introduction to the latter's work, " Dawn of Heaven." — Many articles for the press, including poems. Collier, Isaac, R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, 1. CI. Greene, 1860 ; Coeymans, 1860-66, Battle Creek, 1866-1870, Addisville, Pa., 1871— COLLIEB, Isaac Henry, b. at Athens, N.T., 1831; R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Greene, 1863 ; Caatsban, 1863-4, Nassau, 1864-5, Lodi, N.Y., 1865-70, Saratoga, 1870-74, MontvUle, 1874— Collier, Joseph A.,b. at Plymouth, Mass., 1838 ; R.C. 1849, N.B.S. 1853, 1. S. CI. N. Y. 1853 ; Greenville and Brbnxville, 1852-5, Geneva, 1855-9, Kings- ton, 3d, 1859-64, d. Few young men among our ministers ever rose more rapidly by tbe sim- ple force of unostentatious merit. His name was mentioned everywhere with respect and affection. His personal qualities and professional labors excited admiration and elicited praise. His brethren in the ministry loved him, and tbe Christian public gladly honored him. He was a diligent stu- dent. He loved to commune with the great thinkers and writers, and thus feed bis own mind. He was a clear and impressive preacher. His sermons were never slovenly. What he did, he did well. They had solid sub- stance. They were eminently thoughtful and suggestive, bis reasoning 218 THE MINISTEY. cogent, and liis style as lucid as his argument. His illustrations were never florid nor redundant, but always simple, apt, and chaste ; while his plead- ing with the sinner was as that of one by whom Christ himself was beseech- ing, " Be ye reconciled to God." His manner was animated, forcible, tender, persuasive ;■ his glowing eye and radiant countenance attesting to all his thorough earnestness and his deep sympathy with his sacred themes. He possessed unusual qualifica- tions for the work of the ministry, and his brief labors were crowned with large success. He ever felt the deepest interest in the spiritual welfare of the young. He preached at Kingston a series of Sabbath evening dis- courses to the youth of his flock, which were afterward published under the title of " The Young Men of the Bible." But especially did his heart turn toward the children. Into this field he threw himself with peculiar ardor and delight, and with great success. He loved to lead the lambs into green pastures. One regular Sabbath service in each alternate month he devoted entirely to the children. At such times he delivered discourses adapted to the comprehension of the youngest, though instructive to all. Two series of these discourses have been published under the titles of " Little Crowns and How to Win Them" and "Pleasant Paths for Little Feet." "The Christian Home" and "The Dawn of Heaven" are also productions of his pen, the latter published after his death. He was a sympathizing pastor. While he loved books, he loved his people. His ministry was a model of pastoral fidelity. He walked habitually with God. See " Tlie Dawn of Heaven," in which is found a biographical sketch, by his brother Ezra. He also published " The Strife and the Crown," a Temperance Ser., 1861, and " The Right Way," a Prize Essay on Peace. Am. Tract 800. See MoClin- toeh's Cyc. Collins, Barnabas V. Easton Coll. Pa. N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. N. Y. 1842 ; West- Farms, 1843-5, Ponds, 1845-67, w. c, d. 1877. Collins, Chas. Philadelphia Classical Institute, theology in private, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1858; [S.S. Norristown, Pa. Presbyt. 1861-3,] S.S. Maila- yunk, 1863-4, [S.S. Jefiersonville Presbyt. 1866—] COMPOKT, Lawkence L.,b. Orange Co.,N.Y.; XJ.C. 1848, N.B.S.;1851, 1. CI. Orange, 1851 ; Eockaway, 1852-4, New-Hurley, 1854-71, Berea,1873— [Comingoe, Bruin Romcas, ordained by Scotch ministers, in Nova Scotia, 1770; Luneberg, Nova Scotia, 1770-1819.] He was chosen by his neighbors, and recommended for ordination for his piety and gifts, as that community in Nova Scotia had failed, after repeated eflbrts, to procure a minister from Holland, or from Pennsylvania. He had been a fisherman, (like the apostles,) but was well versed in Scripture ; and the Scotch ministers, acting on the proverb that one who knows the Scrip- tures must be a good theologian, ordained him. He proved to be a most faithful and worthy minister, and served that people for forty-nine years. He then only resigned through the infirmities of age. — Harhaugh's Lives. COMPTON, J AS. M. R.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1846, 1. CI. N.B. 1846; Tyre, 1847— THE IIIXISTET. 219 50, Piffardinia, 1830-61, Kiskatom, 1851-54, Union and Jerusalem, 1854- 60, GallupviUe and Knox, 1860-63, S.S. at Carrytown and Mapletown, 1864^, Stone Arabia, and Epliratali, 1868-9. Stone Arabia, 1889-71, Columbia and Henderson, 1871-4, Columbia, 1874-6, Union, 1876-8, S.S. Spraker's Basin, 1878 — Condict, Ira, b. at Orange, N. J., Feb. 21, 1764; C.N.J. 1784, studied under Dr. Jolin WoodhuU, of Monmouth, 1. Presbyt. N.B. 1780 ; (Hard wink, Newtown, and Shappenock, Presbyt., 1787-93,) New-Brunswick, 1794r- 1811, also Prof. Moral Phil, in Queen's Col. and Vice-President of the same, 1809-11, d. June 1. Elected a trustee of Queen's College, 1774; also Pres. of same, 1794-1810. He became a subject of grace while in college, and immediately devoted himself to the ministry. He took a high stand in his class, and was par- ticularly distinguished for his accuracy in the classics. In his first charge he found a wide and destitute field, demanding great energies of character and powers of endurance. Within the limits of this charge are now found numerous flourishing churches. In New-Brunswick he labored with a zeal and perseverance seldom equaled. This church at that time embraced a large country population, in addition to a city charge of about two hundred families. He was an efficient pastor and an earnest worker. In catechizing, pastoral visitations, and labors among the poor he was indefatigable. He had for every department of labor a definite plan, and pursued it vigorously. No man could have accomplished more than he did ; and the secret of his efficiency lay in the wisdom of his plans. He gained a just popularity for his learning ; for, while he was laborious as a pastor, he did not neglect his study. Public institutions honored themselves by placing his name on their catalogues, and places of responsibility in the Church were pressed upon him. The corporation of Princeton College elected him a member of their board, having previously conferred upon him the title of Doctor of Divinity. The General Synod elected him their Pres- ident, in 1800; and, as a member of church judicatories, he was active and influential and took a prominent part in their deliberations. Two important events occurred in connection with his ministry in New- Brunswick, both of which he earnestly and successfully advocated. The first was the partial revival of Queen's College in the year 1807. For seve- ral years this institution had been closed ; its funds were exhausted, and its buildings occupied for other purposes. With great personal effijrt and persistent application, as a trustee of the college, he secured quite a liberal endowment, drew around him an encouraging number of students, and awakened, on behalf of this institution, considerable interest throughout the bounds of the denomination. For several years, in addition to his labors as the pastor of the church, he was acting president of the institution, and at one time, with the aid received from only one tutor, the whole work of instruction devolved upon him. The history of our college reveals the fact that to Dr. Condict, more than to any other person, is she indebted for the noble building, standing in its beautiful location as an ornament to the city. He was mainly instrumental in securing from Mr. James Parker, by gift. 220 THE MINISTEY. tlie lot on wliich it stands. The first subscription-paper for the edifice was drawn up by his hands ; and, some time before his death, he had the satis- faction of seeing his efforts crowned with guccess. The second important event in his ministry was the removal of our Theo- logical Seminary to New-Brunswick, and its vigorous growth under the ad- ministration of the venerable senior Professor, Dr. John H. Livingston. It was not until the year 1810 that the Seminary, on its permanent establish- ment in New-Bruuswick, started on its career of prosperity, which has made it a fountain of life for the Church and the world. Thus, year after year. Dr. Condict toiled on in the work of the- ministry, a man eminently useful, and of distinguished position in the church. He died in the midst of his years, his strong constitution giving way under the pressure of accumulating burdens. Some closing incidents in his life were remarkable. The church to which he had ministered for about seventeen years had resolved to erect a new and more commodious edifice for worship. The plans were all perfected and the work commenced. In the providence of God, the last sermon preached in the old building was the last sermon which Dr. Condict preached. And, as if in anticipation of the event before him, he took for his text this striking passage of Scripture : " But I must die in this land, I must not go over Jordan ; but ye shall go over and pos- sess the land. Take heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget the covenant of the Lord your God, which he made with you, and make you a graven image or the likeness of any thing which the Lord thy God hath forbidden thee.'' After a sickness of only eight days, with precious exercises of grace, and in the triumph of faith, he fell asleep in Jesus, in the forty-eighth year of his age, and the twenty-fifth of his ministry. He is represented to have been a tall, muscular man, with black hair, of prominent features, very grave in his deportment, and a man of undoubted piety. Many still remember his sedateness of appearance ; and not one who ever heard him in prayer could forget the unction and spirituality of his devotions. He was subject to frequent moods of despondency, yet he was gifted with fine conversational powers ; and frequently, in social intercourse with his people, he would throw ofE all reserve, and exhibit a mind full of vivacity and affection. He wore in the pulpit the gown and cassock, and his very appearance was dignified and solemn ; not a solemnity that repelled but drew toward him the esteem of the people as a consistent and devoted minister. His strength lay in his powerful conviction of the truth, in hig intense earnestness of soul, in his deep sympathy with his hearers, and in a singleness of aim that held him in close contact with the class. He had a great aversion to appear in print, and, although repeatedly urged to give his sermons for publication, he uniformly declined so doing. The only pro- duction of his pen that has fallen under the writer's notice is a sermon oc- casioned by the death of George Washington, delivered by invitation of the Mayor and Common Council of the city, and published under their direction. As a preacher he was qlear in his analysis, close in his discussion of the topic, and pungent in the application. He distrusted very much his own abilities, and was occasionally depressed in mind to such a degree that he felt scarcely fitted to enter the pulpit. But while he was known among his THE MINISTRY. 221 own people and friends as the " beloved Condict," witk all classes he was lield in liigli esteem, not only for liis personal worth, but for his sterling pulpit abilities. — Rev. Br. B. S. Steele. See also Art. in Spragtie's Annals, ly Dr. Cannon, and Alden's Biog. Diet. McGKntochfs Cyc. PvJ). : A Disc. commemoratiTe of Washington, 1799. CONBXIN, John W., b. at Montville, X. J., 1851; E.C. 1871, teaching, 1871-3, S".B.S. 1876, lie. CI. S'.B. 1870; Boonton, 1876— Conklin, Nathaniel. R.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1847, 1. CI. N.B. 1847; Miss, to Long Branch, 1847-51, Montville, 1851-70, [New- Vernon, X.J., Presbyt. 1870—] Connitt, G. W. W.C. 1849, Theolog. Institute Conn. 1853, 1. North Assoc. of Hartford, 1853 ; (Deep River, Conn., Cong. 1854^6, Deep River, Conn., Presbyt. 1856-63,) Fallsburgh, 1863-5, New-Prospect, 1868-70. Conrad, Chs. E., 1858. CONSATJL, Gaksevookt, D. W. Am. Col. 1859, P.S. 1861, lie. CI. Sche- nectady, 18. . ; S.S. Mohawk, 1867-9, Herkimer, 1869-77, Geneva, Swit- zerland, 1877— Cordell, John G., (in CI. of Albany.) -' Cook, Wm. W., b. Churchville, Pa., 1844; E.C. 1873, U.S. 1876, lie. and ord. CI. Philadelphia, May 9, '76 ; Philadelphia, 4th, 1876— CoOPEE, Jacob, b. Dec. 7, 1830, near Somerville, Ohio ; T.C. 1853, Univ. Berlin, 1854, studied theology at Halle and Berlin, in connection with , philology; lie. (O.S.) Presb. Oxford, 0., Aug. 17, 1853, ord. (O.S.) Presb. Transylvania, Ky., Apr. 36, 1863; [S.S. Harmony Ch. (O.S.) Presbyt. Ky. 1861-6, Chaplain 8d Ky. Reg. Inf. Union Army, 1863-3, Prof. Greek, Central Coll. Danville, Ky.* Apr. 1865-Sept. '66 ;] Prof. Greek, Rutgers Coll. New-Brunswick, Sept. 1866 — D.C.L. Jena, 1878, S.T.D. by C.C. 1876. PvMications : Aboriginal Monuments of the Mississippi Valley. Yale Lit. Mag. 1851. — 'H wept ry/f tuv 'EXX.iivav '^rpixf/i 'laropia. Oxon, MDCCCLI. — Quid sit Veritas? Thesis Theologica ad Tentamen Ecclesi- asticum Scripta. MDCCCLI. — De Mysteriis Eleusiniis : Dissertatis Inau- guralis ad Capsessendos summos in Philosophia Honores. Berolini, MDCCCLIII. — Description of Heidelberg and its University. 1857. — Criti- cal Examples of Plato's Phcedo : Danville Rev., 1861. — New Gospel of Rationalism: Danville Beview,\9i&l. — Israel and Sinai: Danville Sev., 1863. — The Loyalty Demanded by the Present Crisis: Danville Bev., 1864. Second ed. : Union League, Philadelphia, 1864.— Perjury Exemplified in Secession : Dan- viBe Bev., 1864. — Slavery in the Church Courts : Danville Bev. , 1864. — Bio- graphical Notice of R. J. Breckenridge, D.D., LL.D. : Presbyterian, Phila- delphia, Jan. 13, 1873. — De Jure Natural! Testamentum Faciendi : Thesis Legalis Coronata. Jena, MDCCCLXXIV. — On the Eleusinian Mysteries — Second ed. New-Englander, 1876. — Easter Morning Meditations: Banner, 222 TUE MIXISTRY. Pittsburgh, Marcli-Apr. 1876.— Henry Stepliens' Greek Thesaurus : Pre&b. Quarterly and Princeton Bev., 1876.— What is Truth? Princeton Hev.^ 1876.— Homeric Poetry : Bihliotheca Sac, 1877. What Constitutes Success- ful Teaching in Colleges : Ne^-Encjlander, 1877.— The American Student in College, Nev>-Englander, 1878. Cooper, John B. , Uc. hy Seceders, 1864 ; Clarkstown and Hempstead, 1865 — Cornelison, John, h. at Nyack, 1769 ; studied under H. Meyer and Living- ston, lie. by the Synod of K.D. Cb. 1791 ; Miss, in Northern and Western States, 1791-93, Bergen and English Neighborhood, 1793-1806, visited the Settlements on the Delaware and Susquehanna, (Hanover,) 1794, Bergen, 1806-28, d. He commenced his ministerial course full of the ardor of youth, a noble zeal for the glory of God, and an anxiety for the souls of men. He was a man of meekness, of simplicity in manner, of godly deportment, and fer- vent in prayer. He was much beloved, not only by his own people, but by all the fathers and brethren in the ministry. There was something in his speech and manner which won the reverence, regard, and affection of all. His ministry was marked by the gradual progress of the Spirit's work among his people, though in 1818 he had a special revival. He took a warm interest in all the just then budding enterprises of the day. He was also a warm friend of the Theological School at New-Brunswick. His re- proofs were spoken with kindness and tempered with affection. He took much interest in the colored people, many of whom were slaves, opening a special service for them in his own house. He formed them into classes, teaching some of them to read, and also filling their minds witli gospel truths. For some time before his death, he lost the use of liis faculties, and was cut off from all intercourse with his family and friends. A brain fever deprived him of his senses. But it pleased God, a few hours before his decease, to resuscitate his powers, and to enable him to utter, in a short but impressive manner, his clear prospects and joyful hopes. He blessed all his children and liis wife, and addressed a short exhortation to each. He then said, in a low voice : " Lord Jesus, receive my departing soul into thine arms. 1 bless and thank thee, Lord 1 for thy faithfulness and goodness to me. Thou hast never left me nor forsaken me. Thou hast guided me gently and safely over the journey of life. Thou hast not per- mitted me to wander from thee. And, my Saviour ! thou wilt not leave me in the last conflict — in these my last moments ! . . . Into thy hands 1 commend my departing soul." And then he gently fell asleep. — Mag. B. D.C.iii.SS, 34. Cornell, Frederick Frelingliuysen, (s. of John Cornell,) b. at Allentown, N.J., Nov. 16, 1804; C.N.J. 1825, P.S. ; 1. Presbyt. Newtown, 1829; Pro- fessor of Languages in College of Mississippi, Natchez, 1828-9, Miss, at Stuyvesant, three months, 1829, at Columbiaville, 1829-31, Marshalville, 1831-2, Montville, 1833-6, N.Y.G. Manhattan Ch. 1836-56, (Pluckemin Presbyt. 1856-64, w. c.) d. 1875, Aug. 7. D. D. by U. C. 1866. THE MINISTET. 223 Cornell. James Alexahdek Hekvey, (s. of Jolin Cornell,) h. in N.J. 1818 ; R.C. 1838, jST.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. N.B. 1841 ; Westerlo, 1841^3, New- Baltimore, 1843-45, New-Baltimore and Coeymans, 1845-48, Syracuse, 1848-51, Eaxitan, 3d, 1851-56, Sec. Bd. Education, 185G-G1, Coeymans, 1873— D.D. ty C.N.J. 1838. Cornell, Jolin, b. at Northampton, Pa., 1774 ; studied under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1798, [Allentown and Nottingham, Presbyt. 1800-31,] Principal of Academies at Somerville, 1821-8, and at Millstone, 1828-35, d. He pursued his classical studies at the Log College, Pa., completing them ■with Dr. Wilson, in New-Tork City. During his pastoral charge at Allen- town, he was highly respected as an amiable and faithful teacher of the gospel. During his latter years, an impaired state of health having com- pelled him to withdraw from stated public duties, he removed to Somerville, and subsequently to Millstone, where he finally died. In both of these places he devoted himself sedulously to the instruction of youth, numbering among his pupils several -who became prominently useful in the ministry and the other learned professions. Though born and educated in the Re- formed Church, his active ministry was spent ■wholly in the Presbyterian. He was again connected ■(vith the Reformed while conducting his classical academy. As an instructor he was marked by great thoroughness and ability. President Lindsley testifying that, of all the students who came to Princeton, none were better prepared than those who came from under his care. He was also a man well read in divinity. He possessed a clear and dis- criminating mind and a sound judgment, and was firmly attached to the great doctrines of grace. In the pulpit he appeared with great respectabili- ty, and his sermons were instructive, methodical, and impressive. He was very brief and accurate in his style, calm but impressive in his delivery, with a voice soft but far-reaching. On the bed of sickness he found effec- tual consolation in the truths which he had preached, expressing his entire reliance in Christ, as the rock of his salvation.* Cornell, Wm., b. in Seneca Co., N.Y., 1834; E.G. 1859, N.B.S. 1862, lie. CI. * He married Miss Maria Frelinghuysen, danghter of Gen. Frederick FrelinglinyseD, a lady of great amiability and eminent piety. Her bright example was invaluable, and her presence always inspired pleasure and comfort. In her the poor and suffering lost a friend, and the Church of Christ a burning light. Her mind was n aturally vigorous and strong. She was characterized by unwearied faithfulness, by kindness of manner, by a patience and se- renity of disposition that were peculiarly her own. She was accurate in her perceptions and judgment, and at all times a wise and discreet counselor. She, moreover, deeply realized the obligations which her position in life imposed upon her. Before her family, she beauti- fully exemplified the excellence of the principles of the gospel. The path of duty under her government was strewed with flowers, and virtue and religion were made attractive. Bat her charity was too large to be restricted within such narrow limits. It made the whole world of mankind her brethren and Bisters. The hut of poverty was of (en cheered by her presence. She loved to commune with the children of affliction and sorrow, and lead them to the great source of consolation and peace. In the house of mourning she was always at home. She had clear conceptions of the plan of salvation, yet ever had a pungent sense of her condition as a sinner, sometimes almost feeling ready to conclude that all past experience was delusive. Yet she neglected no opportunity of advancing the kingdom of Christ, and was rewarded, at length, with perfect assurance of faith. 224 THE MINISTBT. Geneva, 1862 ; Minisink , 1863-3, teaching at Freehold, N.J., 1863, [Woods- town, N.J., Presbyt. 1864-8,] teacMng at Somerville, jST.J., 1868-76, d. Sept. 11. A thorougli and successful teacher in his claEsical institute. D.D. by E.C. 1874. Cornell, Wm. Augustus. R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. N.B. 1844; Athena, 1844-48, Blooming Grove, 1848-53. Died Aug. 1876. Cornet, Edward. N.B.S. 1873, 1. a. N.B. 1873 ; Stanton, 1873-6, Gllboa, 1876— CoRWiN Edward Tanjore, b. in N.Y.C. July 13, 1834; Coll. of City;of New-York, 1853, N.B.S. 1856, 1. 01. Bergen, 1856 ; Resident Graduate at N.B.S. 1856-57, Paramus, 1857-63, Hillsborough, (Millstone,) 1863— Publications : Manual and Record of Ch. Paramus, 1858 ; 3d ed., enlarged, 1859.— A Manual of Ref. Prot. Dutch Ch. in N.A., pp. 166, 1859 ; 3d ed., pp. 400, 1869 ; 3d ed., revised and enlarged, 1879.— Millstone Centennial, 1866. — Corwin Genealogy, 1873. — Character and Development of the Ref. Ch. in the Colonial Period. (In Oentennail Discourses.) 1876. — Sermon on Death of President Lincoln, 1865. (In Lincolniana.) — Farewell Sermon at Paramus, 1863.— Article " Education" in Ref. Ch. in Cyc. of Education, 1877.— Occa- sional contributions to the press. Cough Camp, 177. .-178. ., died. Cox, Henry MiLLBR. R.C. 1376, N.B.S. 1879. Cozine, Cornelius. Conewago, Pa., 1784-88. Craig, Horace P., b. at Centreville, N.J., 1845 ; N.B.S. 1875, lie. CI. Phil- adelphia, 1875 ; Locust Valley, June 16, 1875— Craven, Elijah Richardson. C.N.J. 1843, P.S. 1847, 1. Presb. Baltimore, 1847 ; Somerville, 2d, 1830-54, (Newark, 3d, Presbyt.) 1854.— He edited and en- larged Lange's Commentary on the Revelation of John, 1874. Crawford, John B., b. at Crawford, N.Y., 1814 ; R.C. 1836, N.B.S. 1839, 1. CI. Orange, 1839 ; Middletown Village, Nov. 1839-Oct. '40, d. He was a man of commanding presence, a fine scholar, a good theologian, and of great promise, but was soon called away. Crispell, Cor. Eltinge. B.C. 1889, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. N.B. 1843 ; Pier- mont, 1843-47, Linlithgo, 1847-57, Schoharie, 1857-63, Rector of Gram- mar School, New-Brunswick, 1863-66, also Prof, of History in Rutgers College, 1863-66, Prof, of Nat. Philosophy, Mathematics, and Astrono- my in Hope College, 1866-67, Prof, of Didactic Theology in Holland Seminary, 1867—. D.D. by R.C. 1867. Crocker, Asahel B., b. at Cambridge, N.Y., 1813; TJ.C. 1839, P.S. 1843, ]. Presbyt. Troy, 1843 ; Glenville, 3d, 1S43-8, (Eastern, N.Y., Congreg.) 1848-50, d. THE MINISTEY. 225 Ceolius, Peter B., h. N.Y.C. 1837; Coll. C. N.T lie. CI. L.I., Dec. 1870 ; Guttenberg, Oct. 15, 1872-4, KerUonksen, 1875— Crosby, Howard, b. Feb. 27, 1826 ; N.Y.U. 1844, lie. by Nortli-Berksbire Assoc. Mass. 1839 ; received as licentiate by CI. New-Brunswick, Oct. 16, 1860 ; dismissed to Presbyt. N. B. April 16, 1861 ; Prof, of Greek in N.T.U. 1850-9, Prof, of Greek Lang, and Lit. in R.C. 1859-63 ; [New- Brunswick, 1st, Presbyt. 1861-63, N.T.C. 4tli Av. Presb. 1863—. S.T.D. by Harvard, 1859, LL.D. by C.C. 1872.] Cetjikshakk, John C. U.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1837 ; Hyde Park, 1837-43, Hur- ley, 1843-50, Little Falls, 1850-68, w. c. Publications : Oration at Burial of Col. Duncan, 1849. — Errors of Lossinft's Field Book, and Eager's Hist. Ulster Co., 1852. — Add. before Passaic Co. Inst, on Perseverance, Energy and Decision of Purpose in tbe Cause of Education, 1863. — Hist, of Schools in Passaic Co. Centenuial Exh. 1876. — Annual Reports of Pub. Sclils. of Passaic Co., 1868-76. Cruiksliank, Wm., (brotlier of John C.,) b. at Salem, N.T., 1798 ; TJ.C. 1821, N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B. 1824 ; Flatlands and New-Lots, 1825-34, New- burgh, 1835-38, S.S. Mamakating, 1849-54, d. He collected and organized the churcli of Newburgh in 1835, but failing health soon obliged him to resign, and prevented his assuming the pastoral relation again except as a supply. His mind was clear and logical, and his sermons partook of the same characteristics, being clearly arranged, and were also forcibly presented. He did not write out his discourses in full, but filled up and illustrated his subject from the inspiration of the moment. His delivery was warm and glowing, and its effect was heightened by a voice of great compass and of unusual flexibility of intonation.. To these _ were added u, graceful person and manner, and a, countenance that ex- pressed the emotions of his soul. In ministerial labor he was active and devoted, while as a companion he was genial. He possessed a sympathiz- ing nature and a varied and extensive store of knowledge. He was spoken of by those who knew him as one of the most gifted ministers in the de- nomination. He published a tract entitled " David Baldwin ; or, The Mil- ler's Son," and a sermon on " The Intermediate State.'' When without a charge, he published a series of papers on " Washington's Body-Guard." — Bev. Chs. Scott. Cummings, Lawrence P. Manhattan, 1870-3. Currie, Eobt. Ormiston, b. 1806 ; R.C. 1829, Rector Gr. School N.B. 1830-1, N.B.S. 1834, 1. CI. N.B. 1834 ; New-Utrecht, 1835-66, d. He was a clear and accurate thinker ; his mind did not tolerate any con- fusion of words or seek for a display of language. His words were care- fully selected for an accurate expression of those ideas of which he had a clear conception in his own mind. But while this was so, his style was not dry or harsh ; with nothing to attract attention, his language was like polished glass, a pure medium through which the truth was presented in the truest, clearest manner. 15 226 THE MINISTET. He was a careful and constant student of the word of God. He liad mental traits which rendered him competent to distinguish himself in any of the departments of learninjf, but this was his chosen work. He studied the Bible profoundly and brought forth its rich treasures in well-prepared discourse for the pulpit. He was not a dry, didactic instructor, nor an im- passioned orator. His heart glowed with the* truth, and that glow was shed over all his discourses. His sermons were clear in their statements, convincing the moral judgment of his hearers. They were direct ; he did not wander from the point lie intended to reach for embellishments to please the fancy, the thing intended was brought distinctly before the mind. There was a full statement of all the doctrines that refer to man's redemp- tion and a faithful inculcation of all the duties of a Cliristian life. As a minister of God he desired the salvation of men, and was not satis- fied without reaching this end as the object of his ministry. He sought also to instruct and edify the members of the church. It was this last worlc for which he was so fully qualified and in which he succeeded so well. He gave to the members of his church a solid Christian education ; they were educated in doctrine and in duty. It was his purpose to bring each one up to the measure of their responsibility as a. steward and a servant of Christ. A long ministry to one people, extending through more than tliirty years, gave an opportunity to test successfully this method of rearing up Christians to the "measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ." The results of this process of religious education and spiritual development have remained as a monument of praise to commemorate his work ; especially do we see it in the large, steady, perennial flow of Chris- tian benevolence. Warmly interested himself in every good, work, and steadfast in it, he brought his church to realize the true principle of Chris. • tian action. He felt much anxiety for the conversion of sinners ; this troubled his mind for some years before his death. It pleased the Lord not to send the promised blessing until he had taken him home into the heavenly man- sions. While his people were yet without =■ pastor, a, most wonderful work of grace occurred, by which a large number, especially of youth, were a,dded to the church. The gathering of the harvest from the seed which he had sown was done by otlier hands. As a pastor, he was kind, faithful, and affectionate. It was his fixed principle to give immediate attention to every duty. In social intercourse he was the Christian gentleman, with no taint of arrogance or self-impor- tance. His opinions and principles were well ascertained and faithfully ad- hered to. He was careful, candid, and wise in counsel, a good and reliable adviser in ecclesiastical matters, an example of punctuality in attend- ance, and of courtesy and propriety in conference and public debate with his ministerial brethren ; and as such he is held in memory esteemed and respected. — Bev. J. M. Van Buren. D.D. by E.G. 1850. Publications : Memoir of Kev. Richard Sluyter, 1846. {See Princeton Sev. xix. 133). Also a few sermons. ■ Curtenius, Antonius, b. 1698 ; c. from Holland, 1730 ; Hackensack, 1730-7, THE MIXISTEY. 227 Hackensack and Seliraalenburgli, 1737-55, Brooklyn, Flatlands, Busli- wick, Flatbush, New-Utrecbt, and Gravesend, 1755-6, d. He was pastor at Hackensack -wlien those difficulties began wliicli have now, for nearly a century and a quarter, distracted tlie religious communi. ties of Bergen County, N. J. The origin of these difficulties is somewhat obscure, yet their general nature can be understood. (Goetschius, J. H., Jk.) Another minister was called, as a colleague, after Mr. Curteniua had preached in his charges for eighteen years. This may have been partly on account of the excessive labor, and partly on account of the disaffection of some toward Domine Curtenius, who, perhaps, was not very popular. Yet the latter installed Mr. Goetschius as his colleague. They were, moreover, both members of the Coetus, although when Coetus proposed turning itself into a Classis, in 1753, Gurteniug, with several others, became the bitter opponent of the Coetus. The elders and deacons of his charge seem to have been, without exception, inimical to Curtenius. He was not treated by them with the deference which was his due, they not even consulting him in important business matters. He often preached without a single one of them in their places. Tet he had his friends, and the year after he left Hackensack, (1756,) having been called by the party of Arondeus on Long Island to succeed that troublesome man, his party at Hackensack and Schraalenburgh had them- selves organized into new and independent consistories. This service was done by Domine Haeghoort, of Second River, (1756.) The new organizations now called John Schuyler, of Schoharie, to succeed Curtenius. Mr. S. had been ordained to the ministry in this country, indeed, (but by express di- rection of the Classis of Amsterdam,) in 1736, by Domines Erickson and Haeghoort. He had been a, member of Coetus from its origin, but now against their wishes took charge of these new organizations, and was cen- sured by them for it. Coetus seems to have hoped that the separation would not continue. But the committee of Coetus who imposed the censure, namely, T. Frelinghuysen, Verbryck, Fryenmoet, and J. Leydt, were prosecuted for it. But the division was made, and continues, with all its unhappy influences and sins, to this day. Tet Curtenius seems to have been a mild and prudent man. Says his obituary : " He was remarkable for his indefatigable diligence in the ministrations of his office. His actions in all the affairs of life have ever been accompanied with the strictest rules of justice, 60 that none could with more propriety claim the title of a preacher and sincere Christian, which not only his morals manifested, but his happy death." A funeral eulogy on him was printed in New- York by H. Goelet. — Amst. Cor.; Taylor's Annals. Gushing, David, b. 1801 ; KB.S. 1831, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1831 ; S.S. Wal- pack, 1831-2, Kinderhook, 2d, 1834-5, (Lockport, N.Y., and Portsmouth, O., 1835-49.) Cuyler, Cornelius C, b. in Albany, 1788 ; TJ.C. 1786, studied under Bassett and Livingston, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1808 ; Poughkeepsie, 1809-33, (Phila- delphia Presbyt. 18B8-May, '50,) d. Aug. 31, 1850. Elected a trustee of E.C. 1837. D.D. by U.C. 1828. 228 THE MINISTEY. His strengtli and agility of tody ia early life were great. Tlie necessity of self-reliance early developed liis faculties. The result was tliat at twenty- five years of age lie had the maturity which many, no less gifted hy nature, do not attain till a much later period. As a man, he wag confiding, friendly, and social to an unusual degree. With all his delightful tenderness were united great boldness and manliness of natural intellect, and patience and heroism of heart. His Christian character was adjusted in fine proportions. The ascetic, the superstitious, the fanatical, or the harsh had in him no place. Humble be- fore God, he was courteous but not servile before man. A lover of peace, he made no man an offender for a word. His faith bordered not on presump- tion, and yet it was firm. His love to God's people was strong and self- sacrificing. As a public servant of the Lord Jesus he was entitled to great veneration. He ever held fast the form of sound words, but he did not rest in a heartless orthodoxy. He held that it was good to be zealously affected in a good cause. He was greatly successful in winning souls and in edifying be- lievers. I During the first two years of his ministry, two hundred were united to his church, and he was favored with three other large revivals in his first charge. While there, he refused calls to gome of the most important positions in the country, rejoicing in the affectionate confidence of a pious and devoted people. He received at three different communion seasons re- spectively sixty-nine, eighty, and eighty-eight individuals, at one time bap- tizing twenty-nine adults on a single occasion. When he took charge at Poughkeepsie, there were only about fifty communicants, and there were added during his ministry nearly a thousand. In Philadelphia, he received about three hundred. His ministerial and pastoral duties were ever pur- sued with unwearied, assiduous, and punctual dovotedness. — Funeral Ad- dress hy Rev. W. 8. Plumer. McGlintoch's Oye. PvhUaiUons : Whose Children are Entitled to Baptism, 1816. — Charge to Dr. Milledoler when Installed Prof, of Theology, 1825.— Letters, Mag. R.D. 0. iii. 353, 292, 330.— Discourse on Death of Rev. Dr. G. E. Livingston, 1834.— Decline of Revivals, 1834. — Believer's Sojourn on Earth and Expectation of Heaven, 1836. — Art. in Spragiie's Annals on Dr. S. S. WoodhuU. — Signs of the Times •. a vol. of discourses, 1839. — See Prine. Sev., 1840. Cuyler, Theodore Ledyard, b. N.Y. ; C.N.J. 1841, E.S. 1846; lie. Presb 1845 ; [S.S. Burlington, N.J., 1848 ; ord. Evang. 1848 ; Trenton, 3d, 1849- 53,] N.T.C, Market St., 1853-60, [Brooklyn, Park St., Presb. I860—] PuWications : Very many sermons and hundreds of articles in the press. Dahlmann, John J. W. From Presbytery of Nassau ; (Melrose, 1861-3, Philadelphia, G.E. 1863-5;) R.D.C. 1865. Daille, Pierre, b. 1649 ; (French Eef.) New-Tork, 1683-96, supplied also New- Paltz occasionally, 1683-94, itinerated among the French churches, 1692-6, Boston, School St., (French Ref.) 1696-1715, d. May 20. He was the first Huguenot pastor in New- York. He may have been re- lated to Jeap Daille, author of " Tlie Apology for the Reformed Churches," (b. 1594, d. 1670,) and who was one of the best scholars and theologians of THE MINISTEY. 229 liis day. Drisius Lad already been a regular preaclier to tlie Frencli on Staten Island, (Dbisius,) and Michaelius had served the AValloons. (MiCHAELius.) But Daille was called by the Consistory of tlie Cliurcli of New- York to labor wholly foe the French. He came over with or soon after Selyns, who calls him his colleague. Selyns writes to Increase Mather at Boston in May, 1683, and refers to Daille and Van Zuuren as fel- low-laborers. Daille had been a professor at Salmurs, (Saumur,)then one of the four great Protestant schools of France. It was destroyed by order of Louis XIV. in 1683. Its course of instruction had been very complete. In October, 1683, Selyns writes to the Classis of Amsterdam : " Domine Peter Daille, late Professor at Salmurs, has become my colleague. He is full of fire, godliness, and learning. Banished on account of his religion, he main- tains the cause of Jesus Christ with untiring zeal." Besides officiating in New- York, whither came the scattered Hugaenot families from Staten Island, Bashwick, Hackensack, and Harlem, twice a year, he also went to New-Paltz. His widely-extended congregation was divided, much against his wishes, by Eev. LaurentiusVandenbosch, a Huguenot pastor, who came from Boston in 1686. (V.UfDENBOSCH.) The breach was not healed until 1698. The French received a considerable accession to their numbers after the Revoca- tion of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. Pastor Peiret arrived in 1687 as a colleague of DaUle. For the next five years Daille itinerated almost con- tinually. In 1688 the French left the Fort, having built a church for them- selves in Marketfield Street. He fell under the displeasure of Governor Leisler in 1693. Disapproving of his violent measures, he " went to the commander and exhorted him to meekness ;" but both he and Peiret were abused by Leisler and threatened with imprisonment. Nevertheless Daille subsequently tried to prevent Leisler's execution. Upon the arrival of De Bon Repos, who took charge of the French on Staten Island and at New- Paltz, and in response to a call from Boston, Daille removed thither. The Boston News-Letter has the following notice of his death : " On Monday morning last, the 20th current. Dyed here the Reverend Mr. Peter DailU, Pastor of the French Congregation, aged about 66 years. He was a Person of great Piety, Charity, afiable and courteous Behaviour, and of an exem- plary Life and Conversation, much Lamented, especially by his Flock." (Sec -Sot. C. W. Baird's Monograph on Daille in New Hist. Mag., vol. i. The article was also printed separately. Also Doc. Hist. Sf. T., (4to ed.,) ii. 297, iii. 70 ; Col. Hist. JST. Y., iii. 651 ; Mass. Col. Hist., ii. 52; Drake's Hist, of Boston, and the Du Bois Beunion. Also Daille Jean in McClintocIc's Cyc. [Dallicker, (De la Cour,) Fred., b. 1738, 1. 1757 ; Amwell, X.J., 17. .-70, Rockaway, Valley, Alexandria, and Foxenburgh, N. J., 1770-83, Gossen- hoppen. Pa., 1782-4, d. Tm.^—Hariaugli'g Lives, ii. 383. Dangremond, Gerrit. H.C. 1866, H.S. 1869, 1. CI." Holland ; Rabbit River, Mich., 1872, Zabriskie Mem. Ch. Mich. 1873, (Fremont Center, Mich. , Cong. 1873-78), South-Haven, 1878— Danner, J. L. ; entered R.C.A. 1869, N.Y.C., Union, 6th Av. 1870-3. 230 THE MINISTEY. Dateb, Henkt. K.C. 1847, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. Paramus ; BrancliviUe, 1850-8, Hyde Park, 1853-77, w. c. , Davenport, Jerome A. N.B.S. 1847, 1. CI. N.B.; Miss, to Thousand Isles, 1847-50, Miss, to Wisconsin, 1854, Episcopalian. Davie, J. T. M. From Presbyt. Nortli River, 1853 ; Flatlands, 1853-61, d. 1863. Davis, John A., b. in Ulster Co., N.Y. ; R.C. 1865, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI. Ulster ; visiting tke cliurclies for For. Bd. 1868-9, voyage to China, Jan. 9-Mar. 1869, Amoy, 1869-70, voyage to America, Oct.-Nov. 1870, in service of Bd. F.M. 1870-3, Palisades, Jan. 1872-3, Pottersville, 1873-8, Oyster Bay, 1878— Davis, Titus Elwood. B.C. 1874. N.B.S. 1877, L CI. Ulster ; (Fairmount, N.J., Presb. 1877—) / Davis, Wm. K, b. at Princetown,N.Y., 1845; R.C. 1868, N.B.S. 1871, l.Cl. Schenectady ; North-Hempstead, 1871 — Davis, Wm. P. Princetown, N.Y., 1843-7, Helderbergh, 1847-51, Coey- mans and New-Baltimore, 1853-5, Helderbergh, 1857-70, Rotterdam, 3d, 1870^. Dean Aktbmus, b. at Cornwall, N.T., 1834; A.C. 1842, A.S. 1848, lie. by Andover Assoc. 1848 ; ord. by Ecc. Council in Vt. 1849 ; [Johnson, Vt. , 1849-51, Newbury, Vt., 1851-7,] Schenectady, N.T., 1858-61, [Greenfield, Mass., 1861-6, Westboro', Mass., 1867-9, all Cong. Chs.,] Owasco Outlet, 1873-5, High Bridge, 1875— Db Batin, John A.,b. Rockland Co.. N.Y., 1833 ; R.C. 1852, N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. Paratnus, 1855 ; Oyster Bay, 1855-8, Niskayuna and Lisha's ■ Kill, 1858— De Baun, Isaac J., I. In/ Seceders, 1860 ; Mbnimlle, 1861-5, Paramus, 1868 — Be Baun John T., I. hytlie Seeeders,l?S& ; Bamapo and JIempstead,1856-60, Hackensack and English Neigliborlwod, 1860 — Db Beek, J. B. Forreston, 1867-70, Grand Haven, 1870-3, Cleveland, 187^-4, Parkersburgh, Iowa, 1875 — DbBbt, B. Chicago, (fibZ.,) 1868— DBBBtrsTN, Pbteb. H.C. 1870, H.S. 1873, 1. CI Holland ; Rochester, 1873— Deckeb, Henry E. W.C. 1854, N.B.S. 1857, 1. CI. Rensselaer, 1857; Now- Concord, 1857-60, Piermont, 1860-5, Grand Rapids, 1865-7, Havana, 1867- 73, Davenport, 1873-5, teaching, 1876— De Fraest, David R.,b. in Greenbush, Rensselaer Co., N.Y., 1785 ; N.B.S. 1818, 1. CI. N.B. 1818 ; Cato, 1831-5, Cato and Stirling, 1835, independ- ent, 1835-8, 1838, suspended ; Assoc. Presbyt. d. 1851. THE MINISTEY. 231 De Haet, Wm. H., b. at X.B. 1837 ; R.C. 1865, N.B.S. 1808, 1. CI. Bergen, 1868 ; N. and S. Hampton, 1868-71, N.T.C., Knox Mem. Chapel, 1871-7, Jamaica, 1877 — De Jonge, Wm. P., b. at Goea, Neth., 1824 ; grad. at Kampen, Hoi.. Oct. 1858; lie. and ord. by Christian Eef. Ch., Holland, 1858 ; settled in Hol- land, Europe, 1858-71, GrandviUe, Mich., 1871— Dellius, Godfreidus, lie. by 01. Wyk, Hoi.; c. to America, 1683 ; Albany, also supplying Schenectady, 1683-99, susp. by civil authority ; Miss, to the Mohawk Indians, 1083-99 ; retired to Holland ; Antwerp, 1699-{1705 ?) He was called to Albany as an assistant to Scliaats in his declining days. For the first half-dozen years he seems quietly to have performed his duties, but for the last ten years of his ministry he is much mixed up in civil affairs, lie refused, in common with all the Reformed clergy, to recognize Leisler's usurpation in 1689. He was commanded to appear in New- York to answer this charge, but he secreted himself in New-Jersey and on Long Island. He also was clandestinely at Selyns' house in the city while in the neighbor- hood. He afterward fled to Boston. Leisler charged him with being a principal actor in the French and English difBculties and an enemy to the Prince of Orange, refusing to recognize the English Revolution by which the Protestant William succeeded the Papal James. He styled him a Cock- aran minister, and states that he refused to celebrate Thanksgiving day for the happy revolution, and also a subsequent day of humiliation, and that he shut his doors when William and Mary were proclaimed King and Queen of the province. Dellius was the principal of Major Winthrop's council, helping the disaffected and corresponding with the Jesuits in Canada. Dellius, how- ever, wrote to England, representing Leisler's charactet in its true light. It would seem that it was not hostility to the Prince of Orange which influ- enced the Dutch clergy generally, but rsither an unwillingness in any way to recognize Leisler's proclamations as lawful. Immediately after Leisler's execution, in May, 1691, Governor Sloughter recalled Dellius, who was on the point of embarking for Europe from Boston. He returned to New York, and thence proceeded to Albany. He said that he returned especially for the sake of teaching the poor Indians, and they expressed great gratitude to the new Governor for recalling him. He was allowed by the Government £60 a year for teaching them. (See Anderson's Hist. Col. Ch. [Epis:\ iii. 415, 417, 427.) He, like Megapolensis before him, greatly restrained their ferocities toward their French prisoners. Father Milet, when a prisoner among the Oneidas, was saved much suffering through Dellius' influence. Milet, while a captive, wrote him several letters, and Father Dablon, another Jesuit missionary in Canada, warmly thanked Dellius in a letter, and offered to secure him pecuniary compensation for his kind- ness from any port of France which he might name. Dellius also corre- sponded with Governor Fletcher about the French and Indian difficulties, the French and English both peeking to monopolize the fur trade with the Five Nations. He was also often employed as a civil agent to the Indians, and had a most remarkeble power over them. With the conclusion of peace between the English and French in Europe, 232 THE MINISTRY. Dellius and Peter Scliuyler were sent as agents to Canada, to Count de Frontenac, (April, 1698,) to announce tbe peace and bring to an end the pro- vincial hostilities. They took -with them nineteen French prisoners and se- cured the delivery of those held by the French. This was done under the authority of Bellomont. But the Domiue now became involved in a charge of fraud. Two Chris- tian Indians made affidavit that he, in connection with Peter Schuyler, Evert Banker, and Dirck Wessels, had fraudulently, in 1690, obtained an Indian deed for a large tract of land. They stated that he had represented to them that there was great danger of their lands being taken from them by patents from the Crown, and that, in order to secure them, they must transfer them to him and his partners, in trust. This land, the deed for which was confirmed by Governor Fletcher, was on the east side of the Hudson, above Albany, extending seventy miles in length, to Vergennes. Vermont, and twelve in breadth. He also obtained a strip in the valley of the Mohawk, fifty miles by four. Governor Fletcher was notorious for hia great corruption in ceding large grants to individuals. When the Indians ascertained the true state of tbe case, they were indignant. At an ap- pointed meeting with Bellomont, at Albany, in May, 1698, tliey showed great reserve and suUenness, ( Col. Hist. iv. 340, 362-7 ;) but when they discovered they could trust Bellomont, they told him all the circumstances. These Indians were converts of Dellius'. Yet a large number of the people vindicated Dellius in the whole transaction, and when the vacating act was about to be passed, a memorial, signed by several hundreds, was pre- sented against it. Many of the people, however, were opposed to any large grants. They styled the grantees landgraves. The land was espe- cially valuable for masts, which were floated down to New- York. There was no rent reserved for the king excepting a few skins. Bellomont says : " This is a prodigious tract of country togrant away to a stranger that has not a child, tliat is not a denizen, and, in a word, a man that has not any sort of virtue or merit." Indeed, Bellomont spares no opportunity to blacken Dellius' character, and almost seems to overshoot the mark. Ho charges him with all sorts of crimes, {Col. Hist. iv. 488, 581 ;) yet the In- dian converts who had sworn against him afterward took a counter-oathi and asked Dellius to forgive them, just before he left the country. Proba- bly the Indians did not understand fully either of the oaths. Bellomont secured a bill to vacate the lands (in the spring of 1699) and a doubtful vote to suspend Dellius from ministerial duty in Albany County. As one of the Council, he gave the casting vote against him and also signed the bill as Governor. The Classis of Amsterdam complained to the Bishop of London of Bellomont's conduct, and Albany raised £300 and New-York £500, with which Dellius might hasten to England to try and defeat the vacating bill before it received the king's signature. The enemies of Del- lius said he fled the country. The whole case is reviewed by the agent of the Government in its de- fense in Col. Hist. v. 7-11. Dellius carried with him to England nume- rous certificates vindicating his character in the whole transaction, the two French Reformed clergymen and Rev. Mr. Vesey, rector of Trinity Church, THE 11I2JISTEY. 233 New-York, giving theirs among tlie rest. His enemies sent many oilier certificates after liim of an opposite cliaracter. Mr. Vesey prayed for liim by name in Lis public services, asking that God would deliver Mm from tbe bands of bis enemies, give bim. a prosperous voyage, and send bim back to bis flock. But Bellomont, on tbe other band, entreated that Mr. Vesey might be superseded, and Dellius not allowed to return. Tbe Bishop of London regretted that eo useful a man as Dellius bad been suspended. He afterward (1705, 1710) seems to have been a missionary to the Indians in the Episcopal Church, although this is not, perbaps,certain. He was not a married man when be went to Albany, and, so far as appears, never mar- ried. In 1705, he is represented as advancing towards age. Tbe circum- stances in which he was placed rendered it difficult for bim to avoid the political complications in which he became involved, though they must have most seriously interfered with bis ministry. The extensive grants which be received from tbe corrupt Fletcher have certainly a bad look, yet, from tbe counter-affidavits afterward made, be may have been innocent of intentional fraud. Nucella became bis colleague the year before bis de- parture. See Col. Hist, m T., iii. 096, 715, 733, 753, 771-3 ; iv. 36, 47-50, 60, 78, 88, 93-97, 125, 170, 175-8, 319, 339, 340, 348, 379-283, 294-5, 330-351, 363-7, 379, 391, 398, 403, 436, 463-3, 488-490, 497, 500, 503, 505, 510, 514, 528-9, 533^, 539-541, 553-8, 566, 581-3, 586, 633-3, 714, 743, 774, 780-5, 791, 813, 835-6, 1113 ; v. 7-15, 553, 651 fyi. 145, 569 ; viii. 344^5 ; ix. 680-3, 690-2. Doe. Hist. N.Y.,n. 73, 347; iii. 78, 81-3,422, 535-541,502. Smith's Hi«t. N. T., 78, 93, 98, 159, 379. Bancroft's V. S., iii. 193. Amst. Cor., many letters. In letter 294, Dec. 29, 1700, tbe Classis vindicates Dellius from tbe aspersions of Bellomont. Demarest, Cor. T. C.C. 1804, studied under Froeligb, 1. CI. Paramus 1807; "SVhite House, 1808-13, English Neighborhood, 1813-34, seceded' suspended. [English Neigliborhood, 1834-39, Hackensack and English Neigliborlwod, 1839-51, New-Tork, King St. 1851-63, c?.] Elected a, trus- tee of Q. C. 1813. A.M. by C.C. 1813. In the early part of bis labors at English Xeighborhood he seems to have been much blessed. For five years all was amicable. But be then became entangled in the unhappy difficulties of the Hackensack Church by taking part too warmly with Domine Froeligb. (Feoeligh.) He was charged with having tampered with the Minutes of tbe Classis of Bergen in reference to the matters in dispute, and thus be was led 6n into tbe secession in 1834. The Classis then suspended him (he refusing to appear) for falsifying their Minutes, for prevarication, and private and public abuse of Classis, and for public schism. (See Minutes of Classis.) His consistory unanimously went with bim into the secession and attempted to carry the property with them, which resulted in a lawsuit, sixtv-two members of the congregation protest- ing against their secession. Judge Ewing decided against tbe seceders and gave tbe property to those who bad remained in the old connection. Mr. Demarest continued to officiate in the church of the secession till bis death, in 1863. He seems to have taken the place of Solomon Froeligb when he died in 1837, as the chief leader of tbe secession. He preached a sermon, « 234 THE MINISTRY. ■whiclx was printed, styled " A Lamentation over Rev. Solomon Froeligli," -witli copious Mstorical notes pertaining to the men ■who had had any connection ■with these affairs. It betrays much of a bitter spirit. Dbmabest, Dayid D., b. in Bergen Co., N.J., 1819 ; K.C. 1837,N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 1840 ; assistant of Eev. Jas. Eomeyn, Catskill, six months ; Flatbush, (Ulster Co., N. Y..) 1841-43, New-Brunswick, 2d, 1843-53, Hud- son, 1852-65, — Prof, of Pastoral Theology and Sacred Rhetoric at New- Brunswick, 18G5— . Elected a trustee of R.C. 1867 ; also Stated Clerk of Gen. Synod, 1862-9. D.D. by C.N.J. 1857. Publications : Sermon on the Death of Rev Peter A. Overbagh. 1843. — Article, " The Eight of Private Judgment." Protestant Quarterly Penew, January, 1874. — The Manly, Independent Thinker : An Address delivered before the Alumni Association of Eutgers College, July 24, 1855. — Eeligion in Politics. Hudson, 1856. — Article, "Protestantism in Hungary." Prmcis- ton Peview, April, 1856. — History and Characteristics of the Eeformed Prot- estant Dutch Church. 12mo, pp. 221, plates. 1856. — Article, " Eeformed Protestant SDutch Church :" Appletons' American Cyclopedia. 1863. — Tracts of the Board of Publication of the Eeformed Dutch Church : No. 25, Church Discipline ; No. 37, The Confession of Christ. — A Series of Articles in The Christian Intelligencer on the History and Various Features of the Constitu. tion of the Eeformed Church. May, 1873. — An Article on the Prayer Test Published in Tlie Sower, 1873. — Article, " The Eeformed Church in Amer. ica.'' Southern Presbyterian Peview, April, 1873. — Exposition of the Inter- national Sunday-school Lesson on the Gospel of Mark. July-Dec., 1874. Published in T7ie Sower and Gospel Field. — Liturgical Features and Spirit of the Reformed Church in America. (Discourse XVI. in Centennial Vol. ume. 1876.) — Many Letters and Articles in The Christian Intelligencer. Demakbst, Jas., (son of John Demarest,) Col. of Physicians and Surgeons N.Y. 182.., N.B.S. 1829,1. CI. N.B. 1829;MiES. to Williamsburgh, 1829-80, Williamsburgh, 1830-39, Wa^warsing, 1843-48, Miss, at Lansing, 111., 1848, Sup. of Leake and Watts Orphan House, 1849-53, North- Hempstead, 1853- 59, TV. c. — Demarest, Jas., Jr. (son of Jas. Demarest ;) U.C. 1852, N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. N. Y. ; Hackeusack, 2d, 1856-63, Newark, North, 1863-6, Chicago, 2d, 1866-72, (Peekskill, Presby. 1872-4,) Kingston, 2d, 1874— Publications : A Number of Sermons, and " The Duty of Ref. Cli. in the Future, as Foreshown by its Course in the Past :" In Centennial Piscourses, 1876. Demarest, Jas. D. , b. Mar. 9, 1780 ; studied theol. under Froeligh and Living- ston, 1. CI. Paramus, 1803 ; Caatsban, 1807-9, Kakiat and Eamapo, 1809-24, seceded, [Ramapo and Kakiat, (Hempstead) 1824^58, w. c] d. Nov. 7, 1869, at Eamapo. Several sermons of his have recently been published in "Panner of Truth." Demakest, Jas. Schureman Nevius, (s. of D. D. Demarest,) b. at N.B. THE MI^^STKT■. 235 N. J., 1851; R.C. 1872,N.B.S. 1870, lie. CI. N.B.; Flatbusli, (Ulster Co.,) July 1st, 1876— Demarest, Jolin, b. at New-Bridge, N.J., 1763 ; studied under Froeligl), 1. by Synod of D.R. Chs. 1789 ; Niskayuna and Boght, 1790-1803, Minisink and Maliakemacb, 1803-8 ; Ponds and Wyckoff, 1813-30, seceded, 1833 ; sus- pended, 1834, d. 1837. See N.J. Hist. Soc. Proceedings, 1875, for an account of bis courtesy at tbe exliumation of the remains of Major Andre, forty years after their interment. Two sisters of Andre requested the British Government to transfer the remains to England. A British man-of-war arrived in the Hudson in August, 1831, having on board the Duke of York, an uncle of the present Queen Victoria. J. Buchanan, the British Consul at New- York, joined the Duke, and sailed up the river to Tappan. The Duke, the Consul, and Capt. Paul went on shore and repaired to the lonely grave. The farm in which the grave was situated belonged to Rev. John Demarest. He treated his distinguished guests with the courtesy due to their official station. The remains were carefully exhumed, and were taken away with a cedar-tree whose roots were entwined about the skeleton, which remained intact. The sisters desired to send Mr. Demarest a solid silver communion service, but he replied that a simple gift would be quite as acceptable. In due time there arrived a beautifully wrought STVuff-box, made of the cedar-wood of the tree above alluded to, and heavily lined with gold. The following inscrip- tion is on the inside of the lid : " From his Royal Highness the Duke of York, to mark his sense of the Rev. John Demarest's liberal attention upon the occasion of the removal of the remains of the late Major John Andre, at Tappan, on the 10th of August, 1831." DeM-A-BEST, Jomf T. R.G. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. N.Y. 1837 ; Kew-Prospect, 1837-49, Minisink, 1850-53, Prin.Harrisburgh Academy, 1853-54, Pascack, 1854-67, w. c, New-Prospect, 1873— D.D. by R.C. 1857. Publications : Exposition of First Peter. 8vo, pp. 283. 1851. {Princeton Rev., xxiii. 561.)— Exp. of Second Peter. 8vo, pp. 335. 1863.— The Effi- cient Cause of Regeneration : A Sermon. 1843, — Sectarianism Rebuked ; or. Immersion not the only Mode of Baptism : A Tract. 1861. — A Tract on Bib. Doct. of Justification. — Christocracy ; or, Essays on the Coming and Kingdom of Christ. 1807, 1879. Dr. Gordon was joint author in this work. Demarest, Wm., b. near Hackensack, 18.. ; C.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. N.Y.; Miss, in N.Y.C. 1837-8; Clover Hill, 1838-10, New-Hurley, 1840^5, Berne, 1st, and Beaverdam, 1845-50, Westerlo, 1850-54, Bound Brook, 1854-57, Bamapo, 1858-68, w. c. 1868-71, Union, 1871-4, d. Ho was a man of marked peculiarities. He was pure in character, strong in his convictions of duty, devoted to the work of preaching the gospel, con- scientious in the discharge of every duty, and intensely loyal to the Church in whose interests he labored — loyal to her constitution, her order, and her whole polity. As a preacher he was biblical, combining the doctrinal, practical, and experimental. Faithful in his preparation for the pulpit, he fed the people 236 TUB MINISTRY. ■with tlie pure word of life. In liis intercourse witli the people there waa kindness and gentleness combined with dignity, which could not fail in making an impression. Publications : Translated Minutes of the Early Synod, 1771-94 ; also Freliughuysen's Sermons, 12mo, pp. 418, 185G. Demarest, Wm., in secession, licensed 1837, w. c. De Mund, Isaac S., b. at Stillwater, N.J., 1803 ; C.N.J. 1823; studied theol- ogy with Kev. John Cornell, while assisting him ia his classical school at Somerville, N.J., 1823-5, lie. and ord. by Presb. Newton, Oct. 1825 ; [San- dusky and Milan, 0., 1825-6, S.S., Kingwood, N.J., 1826-7, Presbyt.;] Walpeck, Dec. 2, 1827-9, June 13, teaching at Natchez Academy, Miss. 1829-30, Pompton, 1830-39, Houston St., N . T. , 1839-48, Tonkers, 1848-50, Belleville, 1850-56, [2d Lancaster, (St. Paul's,) Ger. Ref. 1856-64,] Paramus, 1864t-9, w. c, supplied Coxsackie, 1st, 1870-1, Athens, 2d, 1871, 1875, Ram- sey s, 1876-7, emeritus, 1875. Publications : Several sermons and addresses, among which may be men- tioned a Sermon on Death of Pres. Taylor, 1850 ; Lamentation on Death of Pres. Lincoln, 1865 ; Subordination to Government the Salvation of our Country, 1861. Also, a, Review of General Synod's Action on Slavery ; a series of articles in Oh. Intelligencer, sigfned " Omega" and " D.," and a trans- lation of Thysius on the Lord's Sapper, in" Mercer siierg Seview. Denham, Ales., from Assoc. Ref. Presb. of Washington, 1827,- w. c. 1827-30. ,Denniston, J. Otis, b. N.T.C., 1835 ; T.C. 1856, U.S. 1861-2, U.S. Army, 1863-5, lie. 1866, Chapet at Fishkill-on-Hudson, 1866-8 ; ord. CI. Pough- keepsie. May, 1867 ;"Presbyt. 1868. See TTnio^ Sem.^Gen. Cat;, 1^76. De Peee, Jas., b. in Netherlands, 1845; H.C. 1867, H.S. 1870 ;1 . CI. Hol- land ; Spring Lake, Mich., 1870 — De Peee, Petbk. R.C. 1802, N.B.S., 1865, 1. CI. Holland, 1865 ; Bethel, Iowa, 1867-72, Triesland, 1872— Publications : In part, Levensgeschiedenis van Rev. Cor. Van der Meu- len, 1876. De Puy, Ephraim. E.G. 1835, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 1840; Prattsville, 1841-46, Clove, 1846-53, Mott Haven, 1853-4, Middleport, 1856-7, w. c. 1857-61, Episcopalian. De Ronde, Lambertus, b. in Holland, 17. . ; Zwilichem, 17. .-46, Surinam, S.A., 1746-51, New-York and Harlem, 1751-84, Schaghticoke, 1784-95, d. In 1749 he proposed to the Classis to publish a book of First Truths in Negro-English and Dutch. The Classis requested him first to transmit it to them for approval. In 1751 the Classis complained that he had been in- stalled over the church of New- York without their knowledge, and that he signed the letter of the Coetus, without any explanation of his new relation- ships. But he never attended another Coetus meeting. He became a decided member of the Conferentie party after the disruption in 1755, and was never absent from their meetings. His consistory, however, remained neutral. Ho did not possess as high a standard of character and usefulness THE jmnSTET. 237 as his colleague, Ritzema, yet, in many points, lie was respectable. Tliougli he was one of the committee wbicli procured Dr. Laidlie to preacli in Eng- lish, he afterward turned against him, and was the leading spirit in the "Dutch party" in the famous lawsuit which grew out of this matter. Many were bitterly determined not to submit to the innovation of Eng- lish preaching. The consistory, however, gained the suit, which was upon a side-issue, while the " Dutch party" had £300 costs to pay. During the most of the Revolution, being driven from his charge, he supplied Schagh- ticoke, but in 1780 represented the churches of Red Hook and Sangerties in the Classis of Kingston. — Amst. Cor. , many letters. Doc. Hist. N. T"., iii. 310, 324. Gunn's Livingston, 8vo ed., 1830, p. 139. PtiblicalioTis : De gekruisigde Christus, als het voornaemste toeleg van Gods getrouwe Krinsgesanten, in hunne prediking. Nieuw-York : Hen- drick De Forest, 1751. 4to, pp. 8 and 28. Or, The Christ Crucified, as the Principal Subject of God's Faithful Servants of the Cross, in their Sermons. — De ware gedachtniss. Heb. 13 : 7, giving an account of the death of the Rev. Qualterus Du Bois, Oct. 13, 1751. (A copy in State Library at Albany Extract Doe. JSst. Jf. Y., 324.) — A System containing the Principles of the Christian Religion, suitable to the Heidelberg Catechism, by plain questions and answers, useful for the information of all persons in the true confession of faith ; and necessary towards their preparation for that awful and solemn ordinance, the Lord's Supper. To which is prefixed a particular address to parents in general, showing the relation they stand under to their children, to instruct them in the principles of the Christian religion. And to which is added an application upon the whole system. 16mo, pp. 185. New-York : 1763. (This is the first book in the English language published by a mem- ber of the Reformed Dutch Church in America. It was prepared a short time before the call of Laidlie to meet the growing necessity of instruction in English. De Ronde himself offered to preach in English if his consistory thought him qualified.) — True Spiritual Religion. 8vo. New- York : 1767. — De Constitutie eenpariglyk geaccordeerd by de algemeene Conventie, 1787, vertaald door. L. De R. Albany : 1788. — Numerous Letters to Holland. De Spkldek, John A., b, in Michigan, 1851 ; H.C. 1870, H.S. 1873, 1. CI. Mich. ; Macon and S. Macon, 1873 — De Toe, David, studied theol. under Livingston (?) Beaverdam and Middle- burgh, 1808-16, also Oppenheim, 1811-16, St. Johnsville, 1816-30, Colum- bia and Warren, 1836-9, d. 1843. Was' an active pioneer in Central New- York, and organized many churches. See reports of Miss. Soc. R.D.C. 1822-32. De Tries, Henet. N.B.S. 1876; Jericho, L.L, 1876-7, Thousand Isles, 1877— Dewing, Jared. N.B.S. 1820, 1. Q. N.B. 1820 ; Miss, at Princetown, 1822 ; Presbyt. (De Wint, Peter, in 1749, called to Bergen and Staten Island ; an impostor ; suspended, 1751, deposed 1752, went to West-Indies.) 238 THE MINISTEY. De Witt, Joliu, b. at Catskill, August, 1789 ; U.C. and C.N.J. 1809, studied under Dr. Porter, of Catskill, lie. by Berkshire Assoc., 1811 ; (Lanesboro, Mass.* 1811-13,) Albany, 1813-15, Albany, ad, 1815-33, Prof. Ecc Hist, in New-Brunswick Sern. 1823-31, also of Oriental Literature, 1835-31, Prof, of Bel. Let. Criticism and Logic in Rutgers Col. 1835-31, d. Oct. 11. Elected a trustee of Q/C. 1833. P.D. by V.C. 1831. He had traits different from most men. Indeed, be was a sui generis man. His temperament was warm and impulsive, with a vivacity and sprigbtli- ness that sometimes ran into excessive levity. His faculties were very vigorous, and lie had a versatility that was indulged to a fault. While he was a pastor, he sought to know every thing. He was distinguished by a marked individuality if not originality of mind. He did and said things in his own way, and as no one else was likely to do or say them ; yet he always, or, at least, generally, did a;nd said them well. He excelled almost any man in solving knotty problems in theology, and in elucidating difficult and complicated texts and subjects. His induction into the professorial chair was of great and evident advantage to him, inasmuch as it served to concentrate his mind, and restrain its tendencies to an excessive excursive- ness, -while it gave him an opportunity to bring his multifarious acquire- ments to bear upon his special department of labor. He was somewhat abrupt in speech and manner, yet a man of much kindness and hospitality. — Bev. Oahriel Ludlow. He commenced the study of law in Kinderhook ; but, his mind having been brought under deep religious convictions, he felt called to devote him- self to the ministry. In Albany he was the colleague of Dr. Bradford. The church of Albany had two buildings in different parts of the city, and in 1815, w|ien the collegiate connection was dissolved, the two pastors drew lots to decide to which churches they should respectively go. He was a man of frank, joyous, and genial nature, yet of acute and ten- der sensibilities. His piety was ardent. His preaching eminently plain, evangelical, and earnest. His manner in the pulpit was unaffected, digni- fied, and serious, his voice clear and strong, and his enunciation distinct and deliberate. No man could listen to him without pleasure and instruc- tion. As a pastor, he enjoyed in a high degree the confidence and affection of his people, and his separation from them was an event deeply regretted by them all. — See Uvang. Quarterly, ii. 114, and aketcJi in Sprague's Annals. Publications: Disc, on Death of Dr. J. H. Livingston, 1835. — A Ser. on Infant Baptism. — The Bible of Divine Origin, a premium tract. — A Ser. on the Necessity of the Atonement, 1830, in Murray St. Lectures, and The Scripture Doct. of Regeneration, 1833. De Witt, John, (son of John De Witt ;) B.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. N.B. 1843 ; Ridgeway, 1843-4, Ghent, 1st, 1845-8, Canajoharie, 1848-9, Mill- stone, 1850-68, Prof. Oriental Lit. New-Brunswick, 1863— D.D. by B.C. 1860. Publications : The Sure Foundation and How to Build on it, 13mo, 1860. —Our Catechisms and Confessions— a series of arts, in Ch. Int., 1873. ^^-JT- £r--»^ ^^ ^ V' Iftill n'^.TM®BaAS isitwoivvp iroae. THE MINISTRY. 23D De Witt, Peter, b. at FlatbusL, 1739 ; C.X.J. 1769, studied theol. under Liv- ingston, lie. by General Meetinpr of Ministers and Elders, 1778 ; Rhine- beck, Rhinebeck Flats, and Upper Red Hook, 1787-98, Ponds and Wyckoff, 1798-1809, d. De Witt, Richard. R.C. 1860, N.B.S. 1863, 1. a. Kingston, 18G3 ; Guil- ford, 1864-71, Spring Valley, 1871-6, Walkill Valley, 1877— De Witt, Thomas, b. at Kingston, N. T., Sept. 13, 1791 ; U.C. 1808 ; studied theology under Brodbead and Froeligh, and at N^.B.S. 1813, lie. CI. N.B.; Hopewell and New-Hackensack, Nov. 34, 1813-25, Hopewell, 1835-7, New- York, 1837-74, d. May 18. Elected a trustee of B.C. 1840 ; of C.C. 1858. Ed. of Ch. Int. 1831-43. D.D. by R.C. 1838. In his boyhood he evinced a sedate disposition and a taste for reading and study. He was seldom seen without a book in hand. He was the favorite pupil of the teacher among almost a hundred classical students. He did not unite with the church till after the close of his collegiate course. It was the preaching and conversation of Rev. Dr. Gosman which helped him to form his religious decision. His ministry lasted for sixty-two years, forty-seven of which were spent in New-York City amid scenes of great activity and use- fulness. He was peculiarly honored and revered by all classes of men and all denominations of Christians. He was identified with very many of the benevolent and philanthropic societies of the city, and was one of the prin- cipal actors in the Bible and Tract Societies. The dignity of his presence was often sought on literary occasions, and he was always ready to welcome, in his quaintly courteous style, visitors from other cities or other lands, re- nowned for their writings or their deeds. For thirty years he was one of the vice-presidents of the Historical Society, and its president 1870-3. In 1846 he visited Europe, and secured the gift to the Reformed Dutch Church from the Classis of Amsterdam of the many original autograph letters which had been sent by the ministry and churches of America to that eccle- siastical judicatory between 1638-1776. The last great public act of his life was the dedication of the new church on the corner of Fifth Avenue and Forty-eighth Street. He seemed feeble, and had some diflSculty in mounting the pulpit steps, but when he came forward the spirit was strong enough to overcome the weakness of the flesh, and what he uttered seemed like inspi- ration. He was then more than eighty-two years old. He was truly a great man. The elements of his moral greatness were hu- mility and truth. From his humility sprang his unexampled serenity of temper and quietness of spirit. Tlxose who knew him best never remember to have seen him impatient under contradiction or irritated by opposition. While he possessed himself the most sagacious judgment, he was not only tolerant of differences of opinion, but tender of those who differed from him. Yet he was firm and decided. His humility kept him free from egotism and boasting. Though by no means deficient in the power of conversation, he fully tested the golden value of silence. No observer could fail to mark the simplicity and transparency of his talk, and to love it for its " meekness of wisdom." He had sometimes a quaint sententious way of uttering a poetical thought or giving a decided opinion. 240 THE MINISTRY. This poetical fervor kindled occasionally in familiar intercourse, and was constantly flkming fortli iuliis pulpit exercises. It did not interfere with the plain, practical lessons which all earnest Christians love to hear constantly enforced. Hisimaginationonly served to enhance the joy of the gospel. His preaching has been described as being lilie the inspiration of the Hebrew pro- phets. He left all except the mere verbiage to the inspiration of the moment. Exact, careful, systematic, severe thought was the foundation of his dis- courses, and then an earnest heart inspired the language he employed. Bays Dr. Chambers . " Nature endowed him with a large and well-propor- tioned frame, a robust constitution, and a face at once dignified and expres- sive. His expansive forehead, bright eyes, well-shaped nose, full mouth and rounded chin were no faint index of what dwelt within, and attracted re- spect and confidence in advance. The prevailing feature of his character was a guileless simplicity. -It appeared in everything ; in the quiet and regu- lar habits in regard to food and sleep; in the management of his household ; in conversation ; in preaching ; in intercourse with men of every class. ' The idea of doing anything by indirection seems never to have occurred to him, much less of pretending to be or do anything different from the actual fact. He was naturally a man of warm heart and kindly feeling, domestic in his tastes, and never happier than when in the bosom of his family, yet cherishing wide sympathies with his kind, and especially with the children of sorrow. His mind was both reflective and inquiring, and had this type from a very early period. He was an omnivorous reader, and yet not a careless one, for his marvelous memory allowed little that he once knew ever to escape him. What he thus acquired he assimilated in a way peculiar to himself. Every utterance bore his own image and superscription. His piety was deep-rooted and intelligent, swaying the whole man, and giving tone to all else that he was and did. It rested upon the spiritual apprehension of the truth as it is in Jesus. His humility was profound and unaflEected. He was completely exempt from the jealousy of superior talent or reputation. When burdened with honors, and his name a house- hold word for every kind of Christian and ministerial excellence, he never forgot that he was a sinner saved by grace. When he lost a son and daughter in their prime, faith soon resumed its wonted ascendancy, and the aged mourner gave an example of patient and cheerful submission which was alike touching and instructive. He was a good man. This feature shone out brightly in his prayers, an exercise in which he greatly excelled. Its peculiar characteristics were fullness of matter, freshness, variety, the apt use of Scripture language, simplicity, humility, reverence, and a sacred fervor which poured itself out like a rushing stream from an overflowing fountain. The same earnestness marked his preaching. He was not a mere essayist, or critic, or rhetorician, or composer of homilies, but an ambassador of Christ. He did not write out his discourses, and rarely made any notes ; but none the less was there a thorough and adequate preparation. His material was patiently gathered and faithfully digested, his extraordinary memory enabling him" to carry in his mind two or three distinct trains of thought at once without confusion TUB MINISTEY. 241 or distraction. His wliole matter and manner, his utterance, feeling, and cliaracter, gave Tiim during tlie greater part of his ministerial career a wide popularity. The old Middle Church in Nassau Street was often crowded to its utmost capacity by the most cultivated portion of our population. His pastoral fidelity was also remarkable. See Memorials of TJios. De Witt, D.D., containing a biographical sketch, by Miss May, funeral addresses by Drs. T. E. Vermilye, AYm. Adams, S. H. Tyng, and memorial sermons by Drs. Chambers, Ormiston, and Jas. Ludlow, and personal reminiscences by many friends. Publications : A Sermon at the Opening of the General Synod at Albany, 1825. Mag. B. D. G., i. 105, 137.— The Gospel Harvest and Christian Duty, 1830. — The Wisdom and Beauty of Youthful Piety. In National Preaclier, January, 1830. — A Sermon at the Installation of Rev. G. W. Bethune. Philadelphia : 1834. — Funeral Sermon of Eev. David S. Bogert, on August 4, 1839. New-Tork : 1839.— Introduction to Rev. F. M. Kip's " Memories of an Old Disciple."— Sketches of New-Netherlands, 1844. (N. Y. Hist. Soc. Proceedings.) — Sources of the Early Settlements of N. Y. Ditto. 1848. —A Succinct Tract on the Hist. Doct. Gov. of R.P.D.C. in N.A. 1848.— Hist. Appendix: to a Sermon of Rev. R. W. Dickerson, entitled " The House of God," at the Dedication of R.D.C. at Fordham. 1849. — Introduc- tion to James' "-Young Man's Friend." 1853. — Article on Jephtha's Daughter. In Wainwright's " Women of the Bible." 1853. — An Introduc- tion to Dunshee's Hist. Sketch of the Parochial School System in Holland. 1853. — The Tabernacle of God with Men. A Discourse at the Opening of E.D.C. corner of Fifth Avenue and Twenty-ninth Street, N.Y. City. 1854.— Translation from the Dutch of the " Report and Instructions by the Synod of South-Holland," met at Breda, July, 1730. In Christian Intelligencer, February 1, 1855. See also September 23, 1853. — Address at the Funeral of Dr. Brodhead, 1855. {Brodhead Memorial.) — Introductory Notice to Demarest's Translation of Frelinghuysen's Sermons. 1856.-— A Discourse delivered in the North K.D.C., N.Y.C. 1857. A Discourse Commemorative of Rev. Dr. John Knox, 1858. {Knox Memorial.) — The Heidelberg Catechism in the Reformed Church of Holland and America, 1863. In Tercentenary Monument, p. 413. — A Tribute to the Memory of Eev. Dr. John Gosman, 1865. (Gosman Memorial.) — Providence and Prayer, 1865 ; one of the South Ch. lectures. — An Address at the 150th Anniversary of the First E.D.C. of New-Brunswick, N. J., 1867. In Steele's Eist. Discourse. — An Address at the Centennial Anniversary of the Dedication of the North E.D. Church, 1869. — Articles in Sprague's Annals of the B.J). Pulpit as fol- lows : On Eev. Johannes Megapolensis ; On Eev. J. H. Livingston ; on Eev. Sol. Froeligh ; On Eev. William McMurray ; On Eev. John S. Mabon. — Editorials in the Christian Intelligencer, 1830-53.— Communications and translations of many Dutch Letters and Documents in the Christian Intelli- gencer, 1830-74. — ^Many Communications in the Hist. Collections of the State of New- York. — Translations of Letters in the Documentary Hist, of State of N. Y. Dey, Richard Varick, (grandson of Archibald Laidlie ;) C.C. 1818, N.B.SL 16 242 THE MINISTRY. 1823, Uc. by Congregationalists ; (Greenfield Hill, Ct., 1823-30,) Vande- water St., N.T., 1830-31, w. c, d. 184 . Publication : Fun. Disc, of Mrs. Mary Laidlie, 1825. Deto Patil T. Samsonville, 1868-70, Dasliville Falls, 1870-3, Kiskatom, 1873-5, Krumville and Lyonsville, 1876— DlCKHATJT, COKKAD. 3d Ger. Ref. D. Ch., N.Y., 1845, Ger. New-Brooklyn, 1854-56, Kew-Brooklyu and Newtown, 3d, 1856-61, New-Brooklyn, 1861- 66, Canarsie, 1877— Dickson, Albx. Waterford, 1849-53, Albany, 3d, 1853-60, w. c— Publication : All about Jesus. 13mo, pp. 404, 1875. Dickson, Henry R., b. in Cliarleston, S. C, 1838 ; Charleston Coll. 1858, Columbia Sem. 1861; lie. Presb 1861; [Colleton district, S.C, 18 . . - . . , in bospitals at Riclimond, during the rebellion ; Ebenezer and EockliiU, S.C, 1865-.., York, S. C, 18. .-..,] Brooklyn, 1st, 1875-7, d. Mar. 8. He bad been less than two years in R.C.A. wben be was called up bigber. Eminently modest and unobtrusive, be bad liardly yet become known among us. He abode in bis own place, absorbed aud devoted to bis work, giving bis life joyfully a sacrifice to bis own cburcU and people. He was possessed of a calm, native dignity, a bigb-toned courtesy, a winsome guilelessness, an unobtrusive gentleness, clear good sense, manly in- trepidity and fidelity in duty, wbicb were drawing all bearts closer to bim every day. He was an accomplisbed Cbristian scbolar, from boybood ex- cept in tbo classics — a steadfast, diligent student, thoroughly at home in the advance of physical and intellectual science ; bis iiestbetic jierception was rapid and complete. The elements of poetry and music were in bim- He was an intense, impassioned, fervent preacher of Christ. The serene course of bis life was often shadowed ; be was no stranger to bereavements. But these tokens of the chastenings of heavenly love were evident in his deep faith and gentle patience and profound spirituality. The seal of his Heavenly Master's love was not at any time wanting in bis ministry. [DiUenberger, John Jacob, from Switzerland ; Egypt, Pa., 1753-5 .] DiTMAES, Cob. Peterson. R.C, 1876, N.B.S. 1879. Doe, Walter P. V.C. 1846, S.S. Gansevoort, 1853-53. DOEPPBNSCHMIDT, Chs., from Ger. Evang. Assoc. Ohio, 1856 ; Jersey City, 4th, Ger. 1856-64, Hudson City, 3d, Ger. 1804— DoiG, EOBT. R.C. 1869, N.B.S. 1873, 1. CI. Bergen ; Berne and Beaverdam, 1873— Doll, Geo. J. L., b. 1739 ; Albany, Ger. 1773-75, Kingston, 1775-1808, died Mar. 38, 1811. He was of Frankfort, Germany ; came to America at or before 1770. He preached in German and French, wben at Albany, and in Dutch at Kingston, THE iirN-ISTKT. 243 being tlie last preacher in that language at that place. Daring the first summer of Dr. Gosman's preaching in English, Mr. Doll occasionally preached in Dutch in the afternoon to please the older people. In May, 1809, he re- moved to Kinderhook, to reside with his youngest daughter, Mrs. Jas. Vanderpoel. An obituary of the day says: "His unblemished life, his ardent zeal in the cause of religion, the purity of his morals and the Chris- tian meekness which adorned his character proclaimed him ' the messenger of truth, the legate of the skies.' Although he had no relatives in this country, the unspotted excellence of his life had attached to him numerous and distinguished friends. He had no enemies. His unwearied pains to spread the gospel blessings, and to preach Christ and him crucified, had en- deared him to every member of his flock. By him the violated law spoke out its thunders, and by him in strains as sweet as angels use, the gos- pel whispered peace." Doolittle, Horace, b. at Milton, Saratoga Co., N.T., Mar. 1, 1803; D.C. 1826, P.S. 1829, lie. Presb. X.B. Oct. 8, 1828, ord. by Presb. Elizabeth Apr. 30, 1830 ; [Springfield, N.J., 1830-2, South-Orange, 1832-40, both Presb.] Pompton, 1840-53, Stanton, 1852-72, S.S. Three Bridges, Aug. 1876-7, d. Feb. 18. During his last year in the Seminary he spent his Sabbaths on Neshanic Mountain, for the Am. Bible Soc, and did much good. lu his manners he was a gentleman ; in his piety he was exemplary and cheerful ; in his preach- ing he was earnest, instructive, evangelical, orthodox, interesting, searching and faithful ; in his pastoral duties active, untiring and watchful ; in the gov- ernment of the church, parental, prudent and firm ; and in the church courts prompt, regular and assiduous in the discharge of business. In his min- istry at Stanton he was a revivalist, and was honored by the ingathering of forty souls at one season of rsfreshing. He found that church feeble and lifeless, and left it strong and active, greatly improved. He was the means of securing to it a parsonage. He loved the children and catechized them faithfully. He abounded in pastoral visitation and was universally beloved and respected by his people for his consistency and kindness. Doolittle, Phelip M.. (son of Horace Doolittle ,) U.C. 1852, X.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. of Philadelphia, 1836 ; North-Branch, 1856— Doolittle, T. Sandfoed. P..C. 1859, X.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. of N. T. 1862 ; Flatlands, 1862-4, Prof, of Bhet., Logic, and Mental Phil, in Rutgers Coll. 1864— D.D. Publications : Various Articles contributed to the Educational Monthly, 1864-7. — A Sermon on the National Thanksgiving Day, 1865. — ^An Account of the Centennial Celebration of Rutgers College, 1870. 8vo, pp. 97. — Re- view of Darwin, Huxley, Tyndall, J. S. Mill, and others. Articles on Panthe- ism, Positivism, Materialism, Spiritualism, and many similar subjects, in Christian at Work, 1873-6. — Editorial Contributions to Christian at Work. 1873 to present date. — Letters, " Across the Continent. " In Christian Intel- ligencer, 1875. —An Address before the Pacific Branch of the American Tract Society, San Francisco, Cal., July 19, 1875. — Article on Rutgers College in 244 THE MINISTEY. Appletons' Cyclopedia, 1876.— History of Rutgers College for tlie Bureau of Education at Washington, pp. 135, 8vo.— History of Eutgers College (con- densed) for the " College Book." Donald, James. Marlaville, 1844-50, w. c. 1853. Doremus, J. H. E.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1865. Dorsius, G. H. (or P. H ;) [written also Dorstius, and perhaps identical with Torsihius ;J studied in Holland ; came to America in Sept. 1737. N. and S. Hampton, Oct. 1737-43, again 1744-8 ; probably returned to Holland. In 1730 the consistory of the Low-Dutch Church of Bucks Co., Pa., wrote to two clergymen in Holland, (Knibbe of Leyden, and Wilhelmius of Rotter- dam,) asking them to procure a minister for their church. They also sent over funds for his outfit. They promised him £60 a year. Arrange- ments were made with one Masius, but at the last he declined. The two clergymen then inquire of the church whether they may use the outfit money to help Dorsius complete his education for them. Permission was given. Progress was reported in 1735, and in Sept., 1737, Dorsius hasar- rived in Philadelphia. Dorsitis became an intimate friend of Frelinghuysen on the Baritan. They were of kindred spirits in many-respects. In 1738 they ordained J. H. Goetschius to the ministry on their own responsibility, which gave rise to no little trouble and correspondence subsequently. In 1739 the Classis urged him to cultivate brotherly love, and to watch against the spirit of Diotre- plies. " Young persons who are blessed above others with gifts and abili- ties were in greater danger than others." Classis had heard that he wanted to be uppermost. The Classis repeatedly wrote subsequently that Dorsius had no legal right to ordain Goetschius. In 1743 his chui'ch gave him a warm indorsement in reference to his life and doctrine, and sent him or per- mitted him to go to Holland. They denounced as false all accusations against him of certain enemies of the church. They said that the Presbyterians, In- dependents, Baptists, and others were ready to swallow them up. They com- mend him and his mission respecting the extension and the building up of the church whose very existence is threatened, and hope that Dorsius may speedily and safely be returned to them. He arrived in Amsterdam, Aug. 13, 1743. On May 1, 1744, the church sent him a new call, with salary-list ap- pended for him, or, if he declined, for some one else. He had probably as- sumed the duties of a superintendent when here. These are common to the state churches, of the continent, even though Presbyterian in government. In 1743 the Classis wrote to other parties that Dorsius was not an inspector of the churches. There is some probability, from the letters, that he had re- ceived power from some other Classis. He attended the Synod of Doom in Sept., 1743, but their action has not yet been ascertained. He soon after re- turned to his former charge. In 1746, when Schlatter arrived as superin- tendent, Dorsius seconded his efforts to consolidate and organize the Pennsyl- vania churches. The Synod of N. and S. Holland addressed a letter, through him, to the Presbyterian Synod of Philadelphia, asking that Synod to write them the condition of the Reformed Churches, (whether German or THE MINISTRY. 245 Dutcli,) in that province, and also tbe condition of their ow^n cliurclies ; and to state wlietlier it were practicable for tliem to unite in one tody. Their reply, after giving the information asked, declared their -willingneES to unite ■with them in all efforts to promote the common interests of religion. About 1748 he had fallen intodrinking habits, and trouble arose. Schlatter tried to settle it, hut without success. — Harbaugh's Lives. — Several letters to liim or from Mm, and allusions in Amst. Correspondence. Mints, of Cli. Is. and South Hampton. DOSKER, Henut E. H.C. 1876, H.S. and X.B.S. 1879. DOSKEK, Nicholas H., b. at Amsterdam, Xeth., 1820; Univ. Groningen Nov. 20, 1849, lie. by CI. Groningen, Xov. 21, 1849, [Groningen, 1850-2, Bnnschoten, 1853-0, Almkerk, 1856-62, Harlingen, 1863-9, ZwoUe, 1869- 73, all in Holland ;] c. to America, 1873 ; Grand Eapids, 3d, 1873. Doty, Elihu, b. in 18. . ; R.C. 1835, N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI. Schoharie, 1836 ; voy- age to Java, June-Sept. 1836, Batavia, 1886-9, Sambas, Borneo, June, 1839-40, in Borneo, 1840-April, '44, Amoy, June, 1844r-5, voyage to Amer- ica, Nov., 1845-March, '46, in America, 1846-7, voyage to China, ilay- Aug., 1847, Amoy, 1847-59, voyage to America, 2s or., 1859-Feb., '60, in America, 1860-1, voyage to China, May-July, 1861, Amoy, 1861-4, sailed for America, Nov. 80, 1864, d. on passage. His first aspirations after missionary life were formed in the Sabbath- school. In his studies he was known for his faithful application and ex- cellent scholarship — not showy, but solid — developing excellent judgment and great balance of miad, and winning respect and confidence by his earnest and decided piety. He was somewhat advanced in age when he began his preparation for the minisry, and, by the advice of others, over- leaped two years of the collegiate course. He was a man of massive solidity of character, and his religious convictions of great strength. He was not brilliant or profound, his reading was not extensive, nor did he sacrifice much to the graces. Yet what he undertook he performed. His integrity, intellectual and moral, was complete, and no one ever dreamed of question- ing his conscientiousness. His missionary ardor was increased by the mag- netic presence and contagious enthusiasm of the genial and winning David Abeel. In Borneo his labor appeared fruitless, but in Amoy he was abundantly rewarded. In his later years in China, he gave himself more especially to the literary work of the mission, preparing for the press such works as were deemed suitable. He was admirably fitted for this depart- ment by his habits of accuracy, his candor, judgment, and freedom from caprice and prejudice. He was a laborious man. There was no romance in his character. A stem, determined worker, he sturdily pressed on. He met difBculties with a quiet heroism, but turned not aside. He never spared himself till friends compelled him. He met with many discourage- ments in the deaths of his fellow-missionaries, Abeel, Pohlmau, Thompson, in the loss of two wives successively, and in asthmatic difficulties. At last he felt compelled to leave China finally to die among his brethren, but four days before reaching his native land he expired. His disability and subse- 246 THE MIKISTET. quent decease were due to overwork. For fourteen years, his salary was regularly contributed by tlie Market St. Church, N.Y.C. Publications : Narrative of a Tour in Borneo.— Some Thoughts on the Proper Term for God in the Chinese. 8vo, pp. 38. Shanghai : 1850.— Translation of Sacramental and Marriage Forms of K.P.D.C. into Amoy Colloquial.— Anglo-Chinese Manual of the Amoy Dialect. 8vo, pp. 212. 1853. (Tills is in the Romanized character. )— Translation and Revision into the Amoy Dialect of Milner's Thirteen Village Sermons, including Milner's Tract on the Strait Gate. Amoy : 1854. Drake, Francis Topping, b. at Southold, L.I. ; E.G. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, lie. CI. Orange; Wurtsboro', 1842-4, Canastota, 1844-53, [Middle Is., L.I.„ Presbyt., 1853-63, supplied Holly, N.Y., Presbyt. one year ; d. 18. .] He did not become a professed Christian until quite advanced toward manhood. At Canastota his ministry was greatly blessed. The church was feeble, but by his devotion and zeal it became a strong and large congrega- tion. Ill-health compelled him to resign his charge on Long Island. He sought rest, and found a quiet home at Holly, N.Y. Dreyer, John H., b. 1768, New-York, Ger. 1812-14, went to Europe, w. c. 1814-24, name stricken from roll, d. 1840. Drisius, Samuel, b. 1602; London, (Austin Friars,) 16. .-52, New- Amster- dam, 1652-73, d. Apr. 18.. His name appears written also as Dries, and Driesch. His parents were Germans, and he was educated in the German tongue. The Classis had refused to send back Grasmere, although he had warm testimonials from the people of New-Amsterdam. The directors of the West-India Company then asked the appointment of Dries. He had been pastor of the Dutch church in Lon- don, and could preach in German, Dutch, French, or English. The W. I. Company were anxious to have a minister who could occasionally oflBciate in English. The Classis had him preach a sermon before them in Dutch, to test his pronunciation. They were satisfied. He left Holland, Apr. 4, 1652. On account of his knowledge of English, he was employed as envoy to the Governor of Virginia, to negotiate a commercial treaty. He united with Megapolensis in protesting against the Lutherans. They even induced Governor Stuyvesant to issue a proclamation breaking up their so-called con- venticles. Fines and imprisonments were suffered by some for a, violation of the order. Complaints were finally made to the W. I. Company, who administered a j ust rebuke. It was Drisius who first proposed to tlie com- pany the establishment of a Latin school in New-Amsterdam, that the youth might not be required to go to Boston to secure a classical education. (See Amst. Cor., many letters. Doe. Hist. iii. 69. Col. Hist. i. 496, iii. 75, 646. Oen. and Biog. Bee. vii. 61.) He was called to preach also to the French and to the English. For a while he preached to the Huguenot and Vaudois settlers on Staten Island once a month, but ill-health, after a few years, compelled him to relinquish these services. (Baird's Daille.) THE MINISTEy. 247 Dkuet, John Bekjamin, b. at Rhinebeck, N. T., 1838; R.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1861 ; Miss, to Davenport, Iowa, 1861-2, Glient, 1st, 1864— Publications : Plea for a Neglected Study. Am. Ed. Monthly, 1867. — Darwinism. Seribner's Monthly, 1875. — Hist. Sketch of 1st Ref. Ch. Glient, 1876. — Articles in tbe papers. [Dubbendorf, Samuel, c. to America as cbaplain of Hessian troops about 1776, Germantown, 1777-80, Lykens Valley 1780-90, Carlisle, 1790-5, Lykens Valley. 1795-. .] [Du Bois, Ab. Grossen Schwamp, Pa., Ger. 1743. Marhaugh's Lives, ii. 381.] Du Bois, Anson, b. at Catskill, Aug. 29, 1831; R.C. 1847, X.B.S. 1850, 1. and ord. CI. Greene, 1850 ; Miss, to Thousand Isles, 1850-4, Kingston, 2d, 1854r-9, Cor. Sec. Bd. Dom. Missions, 1859-63, Schenectady, 2d, 1862-9, teaching classical and Eng. school at Amelia C.H., Va., 1869-70, Flat- lands, 1870— D.D. by U.C. 1865. Publications : Many articles in the Ulster Democrat, 1857-8, in the Oh. Intelligencer, 1860-2, especially a sermon on death of Rev. Dr. C. D. West- brook, Apr. 1858 ; Native Ministry of R.D.C., Dec. 20, 1860 ; The Kingdom . of God, a Ser. before Gen. Synod, June 6, 1866 ; in the Schenectady Star, The Closing Tear, Dec. 1865 ; Six Sermons to Young Men, Mar. 1868 ; in The Sower, three articles on Organic Union, Sept. and Oct. 1873 ; articles in Mural Gazette, Flatbusb, N.Y. ; articles on Rev. Jas. Romeyn and Broguu Hoff, in Manual R.C.A. 1869, 1879 ; Opening Address at Du Bois Reunion, 1875 ; The True Purpose of Life ; a fun. ser. at death of E. H. Tanner, 1853. — See Du Bois Bi-cenienary Beunion, 44-71. Du Bois, Benj., b. at Pittsgrove, N.J., Mar. 30, 1739 ; studied under J. H. Goetschius, 1. by the American CI. 1764 ; Freehold and Middletown, 1764- 1837, d. 18. . Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1783. He was a son of Lewis Du Bois, of French extraction. He was a man of great prudence and moderation, whose sentiments were not put forth in an oflFensive manner. He was, however, firm and decided in his opinions, and delivered a sermon on the subject of the Coetus and Conferentie difficulties soon after his settlement, which was displeasing to Do. Erickzon, who yet lived in the congregation and who now consorted with the latter party. He married Femmetje Denise, a member of his congregation, and had ten children, several of whom settled in Ohio. He lived in troublous times. The subjects of independent j urisdiction and of language were both under discussion in the early part of his ministry. It required no ordinary share of meekness to maintain a proper spirit in such times. Tet he maintained his position among this people as their pastor during the space of sixty- three years. During the Revolution, so ardent was he in the cause of human liberty, that he frequently shouldered his gun and his knapsack and went out in his turn on patrol — "like a pack-horse," as his enemies said. He was perfectly fearless. At one time, when he was out in a skirmish. 248 THE MINISTRY. sucli was Lis eagerness to press on the enemy tliat lie could not be kept la line, and Colonel Holmes was obliged to make a different disposition of liis troops and bring liim further back, lest he should be singled out and shot down by the enemy. He frequently preached to hia people on the subject of the war, exhorting them to do their duty faithfully to their country, and invari- ably he made their struggle for liberty the subject of his public prayers. His bodily infirmities toward the latter part of his ministry greatly increased, so that he sometimes fainted iu the pulpit, and in 1817 the con- sistory gave him a colleague in Rev. S. A. Van Vranken. — Hist. Dis. iy Marcellvs. Du Bois Reunion, 107, 147. Rev. T. W. Wells' Hist. Disc, at Marlboro', 1877. Proceedings JSf. J. Hist. Soc. iii. 133. Du Bois, Geo., b. 1800, at New-Paltz ; studied under Froeligh, 1819, 1. CI. Paramus, 1819 ; Bloomingburgh and Mamakating, 1820-3, Franklin St., New-York, 1824-37, Tarrytown, 1838-44, d. He was remarkable for the amiability of his spirit and the propriety of his conduct. The dew of heavenly grace rested on him iu the morning of his life. He ever commanded the increasing respect and attachment of the charges to which he ministered by the uniformly edifying character of his preaching, the consistency of his character, and the practical wisdom and diligence displayed in prosecuting all the details of his ministerial and pasto. ral works. When called, as a young man, to succeed the venerable Bork in New- York, whose preaching was distinguished by rich evangelical sentiment and holy unction, he sustained the position well, and won the strong confi- dence and cordial affection of the people. Symptoms of a pulmonary disease led him to leave the city. In each of his charges his ministry was successful. He was favored with several revivals. These excited his zeal, and, uncon- scious of the pressure of these labors upon him, his constitution was break- ing. When laid aside from his duties, he displayed the same beautiful spirit in sickness as he had in health. His mind was uniformly calm and placid, while his soul rested in quiet confidence on his Eedeemer. His character was one of beautiful symmetry. In his mental constitution there' was nothing brilliant or acute ; but with a well-balanced and sound mind, and by uniform industry, his efforts were always highly respectable. Hia preparation was always made with care, his sermons being well digested, rich in evangelical matter, discriminating in the delineation of Christian experience, and always edifying. He was modest and imobtrusive in man- ner, cautious and discriminating in practical matters, ever following the convictions of duty with calm decision. He commended himself to all by his evident sincerity and singleness of purpose, and his blameless and use- ful life. He published " A Caution to the Temperate," 1829. Du Bois, Gideon, Aquackanonck, 1724-6. Du Bois, Gualterus, b. at Streeflterk, Holland, 1066 ; University of Leyden, 1697, 1. 1697; New- York, 1699-1751, d. He was called as the colleague of Selyns in his declining years. He was the son of Kev. Peter Du Bois, a distinguished minister in Amsterdam, the one hundredth in succession since the Eeformation. The son was a man THE MIXISTEY. 249 of liigli character and greatly beloved. The records of his church, his cor- respondence, and tradition all unite in representing him as a man of a quiet and peaceful spirit. In seasons of difficulty arising from contentions, such as existed on Long Isiand and elsewhere, he exerted an influence to conciliate and heal. Respectable in his pulpit exercises, prudent, judicious, and consistent in his practical course, and kind in his spirit, he won the affection of the church and the respect of the community. He welcomed Schlatter on his arrival, in 1746. He preached for the last time on Septem- ber 25th, 1751. He designed to proceed to Bergen the next day (Monday) and administer the Lord's Supper. Bat he was seized that Sabbath even- ing with illness which in ten days terminated his life. He had passed his eightieth year. The newspapers of the city noticed his death with high praise of him. He left a large amount of MSS., ■which testify to his indus- try and devotedness. In these he expounds in order whole books of the Bible. His wife, who accompanied him from Holland, was Helena Van Boelen. Some of his children became connected with the leading families of the day, and his descendants are numerous. He was the author of the plan for a Coetus, and one of its warmest friends at its original institution, in 1737, as well as ten years later, when it was brought into practical opera- tion ; but he died before the disruption of the Church into Coetus and Con- fereutie and the sad contentions which followed. Had his life been spared, he would doubtless have exerted a most salutary influence. His correspon- dence (which remains in the archives of the Church) with the Classis of Am- sterdam, denotes ability and a spirit of moderation and kindness. His hand- writing is exceedingly neat and distinct, and his autographic signature pe- culiarly fine and imposing. In the consistory-room of the Collegiate Church there is a large and well-executed portrait of him, which strikes the behold- er as characteristic of the qualities ascribed to him. The portraits of all his successors are also there to be seen. While such were the traits of his character, he was so universally honored that by virtue of accorded merit he was, says Smith, in his History of New-Tork, more like a bishop among the Dutch churches than the pastor of a single organization. — Bev. Dr. Thos. JDeWitt. Barclay, in his correspondence with the Church in England, throws out an unkind fling at him for resisting their encroachments. Mr. Du Bois baptized Samuel Provoost, who afterward became a bishop in the Episcopal Cliurch. This circumstance was subsequently charged against him, as invalidating his office, he having received no other baptism ! (Christians' Mag. i., 92, ii. 430, 435.) Amst. Cor., very many letters. Boot. Hist. iii. 824, 329, 537, 541. Mints. Ch. N. r. Du Bois, Hasbkouck. N.B.S. 1859, Newark, 4th, 1859-61, Bloomingburgh, 1863-66, Mott Haven, 1866— Also S.S. Union, High Bridge, 1875— Du Bois, John, b. in Schoharie Co., N.Y., 1812 ; tJ.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. Washington, 1842 ; Manheim, 1843-5, Gansevoort, 1845-50, Cicero, 1850-4, Boght, 1854-9, Mamakating, 1859-65, Middleport, 1866-74, Cudde- backville, 1874 — 250 THE MISISTEY. Da Bois, Jonathan, b. in Pittsgrove, N. J., Dec. 3, 1737 ; studied under his pastor, Eev. David Evans, (Presbyt.) and at the Presbyt. Synod's school at New-London, Pa. Licensed in the fall of 1750 ; North and South Hamp- ton, Pa., 1751-73, d. Dec. 15. In his eighteenth year his attention was turned to the ministry. After studying a while with his pastor and at the Presbyterian Synod's school at New-London, Pa., he was sent with a letter from his pastor to his relatives at Esopus, N.Y., asking for help to pursue his studies. He was one of the original trustees of Queen's College, 1770. See Earbaugli's Lives, ij. 380. Du Bois Meunion, 108, 109. He was, according to a receipt, already offi- ciating in some capacity at N. and S. Hampton, as early as the middle of 1749. DuiiCEH, A. Danforth, 111., 1873-4, Milwaukie, 1874-8, Grand Haven, 1st, Mich., 1878— Dumont, A. Henry. N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI. N.B. 1836 ; Miss, at Union and Salem, 1836, Greenbush and Blooming Grove, 1826-9, Pottsville, Pa., and Miss, at Tuscarora and Fort Carbon, 1839-30, Gen. Agent of Miss. Soc. 1883-33, Congregationalist, Newport, R.I., 1833-. ., d. 1865. (Dunlap, John. Miss, to Sand Beach, 1838-39, d.) Ddnnewold, John Willbm, b. July 33, 1831, at Wentersnijk, Neth. ; studied privately ; lie. by Cong. Assoc, of Chautauqua, N.Y., June, 1851; ord. by Cong. Oct. 8, 1851 ; [Clymer, Cong. 1851-3 ;] Clymer, (B.D.C) 1853-60, Clymer and Mina Corners, 1860-68, Gibbsville, Wis., 1863— Dunning, E. 0., from Oneida Assoc. Canajoharie, 1843-4, w. c. 1844-9. Dupert, (or De Pert,) Western North-Carolina, 1764. HarbaugJi's Lives, ii. 384. Ddkand, Cybtjs B. B.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, 1. 01. Bergen, 1881 ; Preakness, 1863-68, Boonton, 1868-70, Hackensack, 3d, 1870— DuRTEA, John H. E.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. Orange, 1837 ; Wawarsing, 1837-9, Totowa, 3d, 1839— D.D. by B.C. 1871. PuUleations : Address at the Funeral of Eev. Peter Allen, 1863. New- Tork : 1875. — History of the Second Eeformed Church of Totowa, (Paterson,) with Notes of the Early Churches in the Neighborhood. Published in the Paterson Press, April 15, 1857, Feb. 21, 1869. Duryea, Jos. T. C.N.J. 1856, P. S. 1859; (Troy, 3d, 1859-63,) New-Tork, 1863-7, (Brooklyn, Presbyt.) 1867— S.T.D. by C.N.J. 1856. Duryee, Isaac G., b. in Schenectady, 1810; TJ.C. 1838, A. S. 1841, 1. South Assoc. Litchfield, Ct.,1843 ; Fallsburgh, 1843-51, Glenham, 1851-53, Sche- nectady, 3d, 1853-58, S.S. Port Jackson, 1859-63, Chaplain 31st Eeg. N. Y.V. at Hilton Head, S.C, 1863-66, d. He overcame great obstacles in his youth, and secured for himself an ed- THE MINISTET. 251 ucation. He commenced witli English grammar at the age of twenty-two. He was preeminently a man of warm heart, and of great parity of purpose. He was a great friend of the colored race, succeeding, by his personal efforts during his college coarse, in securing for them the erection of a comfortable chapel in Schenectady. He was au Abolitionist, and not afraid to speak when it was yet unpopular to advocate the rights of a common humanity for all. He pleaded most eloquently, in the Synod of 1855, against the admis- sion of the North-Carolina Classis, (from the German Ch urch,) because the members of its churches were slaveholders. His labors in the ministry were richly blessed. When the rebellion broke out, he offered his services, but his devotion to duty proved too great for his physical constitution. While on a furlough, visiting his home, he died. Of his spirited, sympathetic, and most Christian labors in the camp, in the hospital, and among the wounded and dying, all who knew them spoke in high praise. Publication : Ebenezer : A Sermon at the Reopening of E.D.G. Falls- burgh, 1840. Duryee, John, b. 1760, (?) studied theol. under Livingston, lie, by Gen. Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1781 ; Raritan, 1785-99, Bedmiuster and Pottersdam, 1800-1, Fairfield, 1801-17, d. 1836. (?) Elected a, trustee of Q.C. 1786. Duryee, Philip H.,b. at New-Utrecht, 1774; C.C. 1795, studied theol. under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1798 ; Miss, in the West, 1798-1802, Saratoga and Easton, 1802-38, English Neighborhood, 1839-48, d. 1850. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1840. D.D. by E.G. 1834. In his first settlement he had taken great pleasure and labored diligently in rearing new churches, while fostering the interests of his principal charge. He was possessed of a kind spirit and gentleness of manner, and Bought and followed the things which make for peace. He was well adapt- ed to labor at English Neighberhood after the troubles occasioned by the secession there, gaining many friends. — See Taylor's Annals. Duutee, Joseph Rakkin. R.C. 1876, N.B.S. 1879. DUKTEE, Wir. RAifKiN, b. in Newark, N.J., 1838; E.G. 1856, N.B.S. 1861, 1, CI- Bergen ; ord. CI. Bergen, 1863 ; Chaplain, 1863-3 ; East- Williams- burgh, 1863-4, Jersey City, (La Fayette,) 1864— D.D. by R.C. 1876. Publications : Sentinels for the Soul. Premium Tract for Soldiers. Tract Society, 1863. 8 pp.— Religious Poems. In Christian Intelligencer and JV. T. Observer, from 1863-78.— Popular College Mistakes. An Ad- dress before the Philoclean Society of Eutgers College, June 19, 1866. Christian Intelligencer, July, 1866. — Song of the Hearth and Home. . Prize Song, published July, 1869, and included in Bryant's "Library of Poetry and Song." — Articles on "Hebrew Redeemer," " Duty of Church to Bap- tized Children," and various subjects, 1863-1876. In Christian Intelli- gencer, JV. T. Observer, and other papers. — Historical Sketch of Communi- paw. In a pamphlet containing addresses, etc., July 4, 1876. — Our Mission Work Abroad. Discourse 19 in Centennial Discourses of Beformed Church, 1876. • 252 THE MINISTKT. DusiNBEKEE, Thos. Speoull, b. at Warwick, N.Y.; R.C 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Paramus ; [supplied Amity, Presb., in fall of 1864, taught the clas- sics, 1865-6, Miss, at Park Chapel, Albany, Apr. -Oct. 1866 ;] Prattsville, 1866-70i Linlithgow, 1870— DUTCHBE, Jacob C. E.G. 1843, N.B.S. 1846, 1. CI. N.B. 1846 ; Owasco, 1846- 50, Bergen Neck, 1850-54, Bergen Point, 1854-57, Coxsackie, 1st, 1857-58, Seventh Av. N.Y.C. 1858-59, Sixth Av., N.Y., Union Ch. 1859-63, Market St., N..Y., 1863-66, (S.S., Somers, Ct., Cong. 1867-8,) Bound Brook, 1868— Piibhcations : Rectuisites of Nat. Greatness, 1848. — Washington : an oration at Niblo's Theater, 1872, before Order of United Americans. — Our Fallen Heroes. — America : Her Danger and her Safety, 1875. — The Prodigal Son, pp. 125, 1870.— The Old Home by the River, pp. 280, 1874. Two editions. — Frank Lyttleton, or Winning his Way, pp. 820. — Sketch of Capt. Demming ; written by request of Legislature N.Y., and pub. by them ; pp. 80, 1864. D wight, Maurice W., b. at Kempville, Vt., 1796 ; C.C. 1816, N.B.S. 1821, 1. CI. N.B. 1831 ; Waterford, 1822-26, also Miss, at Clifton Park, 1828, New-Hackensack, 1826-33, Brooklyn, 1833-55, d. 1859. D.D. by R.C. 1855. Publications : Duties and Responsibilities of Christian Young Men, 1837. — Quilt and Danger of Reading Infidel Works. In ]!fat. .Preacher, 1838.-^ On Death of President Taylor, 1850. — Bearing False Witness. In Pulpit Bepertory, 1849. — On Death of Gen. Jer. Johnson, 1853. Dyer, David, Fultonville, 1841-48. Dyer, Francis, from Cong. Assoc. Maine, 1857, w. c. 1857-61. Dyer, Samuel, Westerlo, 1856-62, Presbyt. Dykstba, Lawrence, b. in Netherlands, Aug. 13, 1851 ; H.C. 1875, H.S. and N.B.S. 1878, lie. CI. Grand River; Fulton, 111., 1878— Dtsart Jos. P.,b. N.Y. 1841 ; U.C. 1865, United Presbt. Sem. 1868, lie. U. Presbt. Delaware, N.Y., Ap. 1867; [Harrisville, O., 1870-1, Albany, Sprague Ch., 1871-3 ;] Glen, 1874^ Dyslin, John Henry, St. Johnsonville, 1790-1815, also S.S. at Manheim. He was " a Swiss, a good character, and a man of learning." — Doc. Hist. iii. 674, 686. Eal, see Ehle, and Oehl. Ebaugh, John S., w. c. 1838-44, Ger. Ref. Ch. N.Y.C. 1844r-51, Ger. Ref. N.Y.C. 1855— (?) See True Report of Trial of, before Classis N. Y., 1858. Publications : A Newly-Opened Treasury of Heavenly Incense ; or. Christian's Companion : Containing Instructions and Devotional Exercises. Translated and compiled chiefly from the work of Rev. John ZollikofEer, of Herisan, in Europe. To which are prefixed Sermons by Dr. J. M. Mason and Dr. Alex. McClelland. 8vo, pp. 612* New- York : 1839.— An Article / THE MIXISTKT. 253 on " Millenarianism " in Eupp's Hist, of tlie Religious Denominations. 1844. Pp. 511-519. — A Vindication and Defense of tlie German Eeformed Clinrcli in Xew-York City, and its Pastor. 1851. — Appendix to the preced- ing. Pp. 30. Eckel, Henry, b. at Bridgeton, N. J., 1833 ; TJ. Pa. 1846, N.B.S. 1849, 1. CI. Pbiladelpiiia, 1849; Sharon, 1849-50, Eosendale, 1850-53, Moreaville, 1853-54, Kiskatom, 1854^55, d. Katurally possessing remarkable industry and perseverance, he pursued Lis preparatory studies in spite of obstacles such, as would have turned many aside from the work. Without the ability to acquire rapidly, he made up this want by patient and continuous effort. His preaching was marked by earnestness and directness. In the devo- tional exercises he particularly excelled, showing that he had early caught the spirit of prayer. From his boyhood, when he first began to take part iu public prayer, the fluency of expression was remarkable. At the same time, it showed that he had been deeply taught by the Spirit of the Lord. Guileless himself, he had slight suspicions of the evil designs of others. As he endured the trials of his sacred work, his spirit was chastened more and more thoroughly. His brief ministry with the kind-hearted people among whom he died showed more fully the -deeply affectionate characteristics which his family friends had always noted. When best fitted for useful- ness, he was removed by the Chief Shepherd, because then he was best fit- ted for heaven. — Bev. Dr. Philip-PeUz. Eddy, Zachakt, lie. by Presbyt. of Pennsylvania, 1835 ; (Miss, in Pa. and Ohio, 1833-8, Springville, N.Y., 1838-43, Mineral Point, Wis., 1844^0, Warsaw, X.Y., 1850-C, Birmingham, Conn., 1856-8, Xorthampton, Mass., 1858-67,) Brooklyn Heights, 1867-71, Presbyt. .• Publications : Immanuel ; or. The Life of Jesus Christ our Lord from His Incarnation to His Ascension. With an Introduction by Rev. Dr. R. S. Storrs. 8vo, pp. 753. Springfield, Mass. : 1868. Edgae, Cor. Henut, b. at Rahway, N.J., 1811 ; C.X.J. 1831, 1. Presb. Elizabeth ; Rector of Grammar School, N.Y.XJ. 1838-45, (Bridge Hampton, L.I., Presb. 1845-^3,) Easton, Pa. 1853— D.D. Publications : Desire of all Nations. Article in Evangelical Quarterly, 1860. — Earthquakes Instrumentalities of God. Thanksgiving, 1860. — Jonah's Experience. Article in Enangelical Quarterly, 1861. — Oration on the Occasion of Raising the Flag over the Jewish Synagogue, 1861. — Germs and Growth. Thanksgiving, 1861. — The Curse of Canaan Rightly Interpreted. Three Lectures, 1863.— God's Help. A Thanksgiving Discourse, 1864. — The Significance of the Assassination of President Lincoln. The Xation's Loss and Gain. The Majesty of Law. Josiah and Lincoln the Great Reformers. Four Discourses occasioned by the death of the President, and published by request of citizens of Easton of all parties. 1865. — Memorial of Russell S. Chidsey, one of the founders of the American Reformed Church of Easton. 1865.— An Exposition of the last Nine Wars. 1867. — The Elders that Rule Well. A Sermon before the Classis of Raritan. 1868. — The Highest Xame. 254 THE MINISTKY. A Sermon on the Occasion of tlie Ordination of Eev. Henry Stout, Missionary to Japan. Christian Intelligencer, 1864.-Oration on tlie Occasion of Deco- rating the Graves of Soldiers fallen in the War to put down the Rebellion. 1869 -Another Oration on Decoration Day, 1873.— The Temple of the Lord. A Sermon on the occasion' of dedicating the nexv American Reformed Church, Easton, 1873.— Motives to Study. A Lecture to the School Insti- tute of Northampton County, Penn. 1873.— Christianity our Nation's Wisest Policy. Thanksgiving, 1873.-The Miracle in Cana no Authority for the Use of Wine as a Beverage. 1874.-" Thoroughly Furnished." In Centennial Discourses, 1876.— Articles in local papers touching the interests of Education : Letters from Sharon Springs and from Richfield Springs : Newspaper reports of Sermons and of Addresses on various topics and at dif- ferent times. Edmondson, Jas., lie. CI. Montgomery, 18G8; Cicero, 1879— Edwards, Thomas, u. from Wales ; S.S. Mamakating, 1831-34, Coeymans, 1834. Eells, Jas ., from Presb. Ch. 1860 ; Brooklyn Heights, 1860-66. Ret. to Presbyt. Pub.: Sermon on death of President Lincoln. In Voices from the Pulpit. Eggleston, Ambrose. Fallsburg, 1836-87, Breakabin, 1843-45. Ehle, John Jacob, (see Eal, and Oehl ;) West-Camp, (1710-20?) Schoharie and Valley of the Mohawk, 1730-1750, (?) Miss, to Mohawk Indians, 1750- 80, d. See a letter of his to Sir Wm. Johnson, 1763, in Doc. Hist. iv. 198. He also at times' supplied Kiuderhook, 1730-7. — Harhaugh's Lives, ii. 374. Elmendorf, Anthony, b. in Ulster Co., N.Y., 1813 ; B.C. 1836,N.B.S. 1839, 1. CI. N.B. 1839 ; Hurley, 1840-43, Hyde Park, 1843-48, East-Brooklyn, (Bedford,) 1848-51, North-Brooklyn, 1851-60, d. D.D. -by R.C. 1880. Possessed of quick intelligence, an ardent temperament, and a desire for excellence, he made rapid progress in his several branches of study while a student. He was the principal instrument of organizing the North Church of Brooklyn, in 1851. He met with many difficulties which called forth qualities truly heroic. But ho lived to see the entire success of the enter- prise. Declining health at last compelled him reluctantly to resign. He prepared his sermons with the greatest possible care, writing them out ac- curately, and delivering them with unction. He studied to make his minis- try profitable to the young. Ho accomplished a vast deal through sheer force of will, aided by grace divine. He was never robust, for many years half an invalid, with a delicate physical organization, keeping his mental" energies constantly overstrained : yet he kept up, and worked on with cheer- ful courage, as long as strength endured. Publications : The Excess of Future Glory over Present Suflfering. Na- tional Preacher, 1854. — ^Valedictory Sermon, preached in the North R.D.C., Brooklyn, 1865. — Article in Sprague's Annals ou Rev. H. G. Livingston. THE MIXISTEY. 255 Elmendorf, Joachim, b. at Rochester, TJlster Co., ISr.T.; R.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1853, 1. CI. Pougbkeepsie, 1853 ; Ithaca, 1853-55, Saugerties, 1855-62, Syra- cuse, 1863-65, Albany, 2d, 1865-73, Ponghkeepsie, 2d, 1873. Elected a trustee of Rutgers Coll. 1869. D.D. by R.C. 1865. Publications: Discourse. Benevolence. Preached before General Synod, 1804. Christian Intelligencer, June, 1864. — Discourse. Commemorative of Hon. Daniel Gott, 1864. — Closing Address. New-York State Sabbath-school Convention. Albany likening Journal, June 18, 1869. — Address. Semi-Cen- tenial Anniversary of Second Reformed Church, Glenville, N.T., 1868. In Memorial Volume. — Discourse. Commemorative of Rev. Isaac N. Wyckoff, D.D. 1869. — In Memoriam. Herman Ten Eyck Foster. Christian Intelli- gencer, 1869. — Discourses in Remembrance of Richard Varick De Witt and Alice Justina De Peyster. Published in Memorial Volume. 1873. — Memorial Discourse of Rev. Sherman B. Canfield, D.D., Presbyterian Church, Syra- cuse, March 10, 1871. Syracuse Journal and Syracuse /Sia7«fard.— Tribute to Mrs. Sarah Sheffield in Memorial Volume. 1864. — Memorial of Barrie Sand- ers. Lines and Sermon. Albany, December 30, 1871. — Sermon. Inauguration of the Rev. A. B. Van Zandt, D.D., as Professor in Seminary of the Re- formed Church. New-Brunswick, N.J., September 34, 1873. — Address. Com- memorative of Amos Pilsbury. Albany, July 16, 1873. Times Co. — Ad- dress at Funeral of Hon. Jacob B. Jewett. Ponghkeepsie, Jan. 26, 1876. Poughkeepsie News. Elmendorf, Peter. R.C. 1845, N.B.S. ; d. 1851— Elterich, W:ii. L. Bayonne, 3d, (Ger.) 1875— Eltinge, Cor. C, b. near Kingston, 1793, (nephew of Wilhelmus Eltinge ;) Q.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1816, 1. CI. N.B. 1816; Pleasant Plains, Dutchess Co.,N.Y., 1816, Mlnisink and Mahackemack, 1817-37, Mahackemack, (Deerpark,) 1837-43, d. ^ He was a remarkably vigorous man, which enabled him to endure great fatigues. He was a man of blameless life, of a meek and sweet temper. He possessed native strength of mind, and a large share of prudence and dis- cretion. He was plain and affable in his manners, regular and industrious in his habits, firm in his maintenance of truth, but averse to sectarian strife. In untiring pastoral diligence and in zeal and fervor in the pulpit in urging the claims of the gospel he had few equals. He preached in destitute lo- calities for twenty miles around, as opportunity permitted. He had a clear and analytical mind, and, in the discussion of exciting questions, he was always moderate, calm, and firm. There was something very remarkable — a peculiar unction — ^about his prayers, which made his hearers feel that he was " of God's own hand anointed." — Bev. Dr. Ghs. Scott. Eltikgb, C. Du Bois, (sou of C. C. Eltinge;) R.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. Orange, 1848 ; Miss, to Montgomery, 1848-1850, Fallsburgh, 1851-52, P^aritan, 111., 1856-61, w. c. Eltinge, Wilhelmus, b. near Kingston, 1778 ; C.N.J. 1796, studied under Dirck Romeyn, lie. 1798 ; Paramus and Saddle River, 1799-1811, Paramus, 1811- 256 THE MINISTEV. 16, ParamuB and Totowa, 1st, 1816-33, Paramus, 1833-50, d. 1851. Elected a trustee of Queen's Coll. 1807. D.D. by K.C. 1839. Called at the early age of twenty-one to the ministry, he remained for fifty-one years in a single charge, at times, however, adding to this a neigh- boring congregation. He was a man of great firmness and decision. It was difficult to change his opinion. He was a pointed preacher. He neither courted the favor nor feared the frowns of men. During the first three years of his ministry, he was blessed with a great revival, about three hundred being added to his churches. He was prominent in the scenes of the secession in Bergen Co., N.J., taking a firm stand against the seceders. He was a ready debater, and always active on the floor of Classis or Synod. He was very punctual in his habits. He lived almost forty years on a farm of his own, ten miles from his charge ; and he would start on Saturday morning, lecture in some house in the even- ing, preach on Sabbath morning, and lecture again in the evening on the way home. He often quoted to young ministers, when urging them to dili- gence in the Master's work : " Junior es ad, Idbores! Beniorea ad lionores!" — Rev. John Manley. Publications : Letter of Eeligious Intelligence from Paramus, N.J. {N. T. Miss. Magazine, vol. 3, p. 76. See also Manual and Record of Paramus, p. 50.) — A Peacemaker : or, an Essay on the Atonement of Jesus Christ. 1833. — A Sermon on the Inability of Man to Believe in Jesus Christ, except the Father draw him. 1833. — (Published anonymously.) A Review and Ref- utation of" Short Notices and Reviews," conta.meAiD.t\\e Monthly Evangeli- cal Witness of August, 1833, and January, 1824. (This magazine was edited by James R. Wilson, of Newburgh.) By a Dutchman Good and True of 1834. Endbes, J. Henry. U.C. 1858, P.S. 1861, 1. Presbyt. of Albany, I860; Chaplain 153d Regt. N.Y.V., 1863-65. Lysander, 1866-69, Chittenango, 1870- , Ennis, Jacob. N.B.S. 1835, 1. CI. Bergen, 1835 ; voyage to Java, June-Sept. 1836, Java, 1836-40, also preaching on Island Balee, 1838. In 1837 he made an exploration into the interior of Sumatra, barely escaping with his life. Enos, Edgab, a. Ham. Col. 1875, Prof, of Latin and Math., Coll. and Poly- technic Inst., Brooklyn, 1875-6, U.S. 1878, lie. CI. Monmouth; Asbury Park, 1878— Enyabd, Wm. Tillotson, b. N.Y.C. 1836; E.C. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. Bergen, 1858; Mott Haven, 1858-65, Brooklyn, North, 1865-73, Brighton Eights, 1873— Erickzon, Reinhardt, b. about 1700 ; c. to America, 1735 ; Hackensack, Pa- ramus, and Schraalenburgh, 1735-8, Schenectady, 1728-36, Schoharie, also, 1730-1, supplied Claverack, 1731-3, Freehold and Middletown, (Neversink,) 1786-64, d. 1771. His name is apparently Swedish. In Schenectady he had many accessions THE 3U>J1STEY. 257 to tlie cliurcb. He was tlie first President of tlie Cootus, and maintained Lis relations to tliem almost down to his death. He was of considerable intellectual ability, bigbly esteemed by Ms ministerial associates, and influ- ential in the counsels of the church. Toward the close of his pastorate in Monmouth County, he became a victim to the drinking customs of the day. Charges were made against him, his salary was withheld, and he was excluded from his pulpit. He continued to live in the parsonage for six years, until a, successor was called, when he removed to New-Brunswick and lived with a daughter, Mrs. Van Nordeu. He died soon after. A por- trait of him is in possession of Eev. G. C. Schanck. See Amst. Cor., many letters or aUugionn ; Minutes of Coetus ; and Bi-ick Church Memorial, (Marlboro'^ ly Rev. T. W. Wells, 1877, which contains the fullest account of him yet published. Ettirajooloo, received by letter as a member of Classis of Arcot, 1867 ; Head Master at Arcot Seminary at Vellore, India, 1867 — Evans, Chas. A. Moresville and Eoxbury, 1849-50, Moresvllle, 1850-3, Clove, 1853-6, South-Bend, 1850-7, JeflFerson, 1857-8, w. c. Evans, E. Jamesville, X.T., 1836. Evans, Wm. Miss, to Cobleskill, Breakabin, and Livingstonville, 1836-. ., Owasco, 18?9-i6, w. c. 1846-8. [Faber, J. Christopher. Baltimore, 1774. — Uarbaugh's Lives, ii. 400.] [Faber, -John Theobald, b. in the Palatinate, 1739 ; c. to America, 1766 ; Old and New-Gosenhoppen and Great Swamp, Pa., 17oG-79, Lancaster and Isew-Providence, 1779-82, Indianfield, 1782-4, Gosenhoppen and Great Swamp, 1 8, d.] IPor sketch see Manual of 1869 and Harbaugh's Lives, ii. 139. Faiuchild, E. S. A.C. and C.X.J. 1856, A.S. 1859 ; (Morrisania, Cong., 1860-1, Oyster Bay, Presbyt,, 1862-5,) Flushing, 1866-71, College Point, 1871-8, editor of The Mushing Times, 1878— Farmer, S. F. Franklin Col. 0. 1850, Cannonsburg Sem. Pa. 1854 ; (United Presbyt. Williamsburgh, 1856-61, X.T.C. Presbyt. 28th St. 1801-8,) Brooklyn, East, 1868-70. Fehrman, Jacob, b. Jan. 29, 1838, in X.T.G. ; X.B.S. 1862, lie. X. CI. L.t 1862 ; colleague with Dr. J. B. Hardenbergh in Governeur St. Mission for a few months; Richmond, S.I., 1862-6, Fordham, 1866-9, [East Lake- George, Union Evang. Ch., 1870-3,] High Bridge, 1872-4, d. Mar. 1. His father dying when he was quite young, he was entirely dependent on the labors of his mother for support. He appreciated every advantage- given him, and in time raised himself to a vice-principalship of a public school in New-York City. He was not of rugged health, and was obliged to leave Fordham to go South for recuperation. His ministry was. brief, but he was diligent and faithful while it lasted. 17 / 258 THE MINISTEY. Feltcb, Jos. H. 1867. Fenner, Jos. 1804-7. Ferris, Isaac, b. in N.Y.C. Oct. 3, 1799 ; C.C. 1816, N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. N.B. 1820 ; Miss, at Manlieim, Oppenlieiin, Danube, Osquak, and Herkimer, Sept. -Dec. 1830, New-Brunswick, 1831-4, Albany, 2d, 1834^36, Market St. N.Y.C. 1836-53, Chancellor of N.Y. University, and Prof. Moral Pliil. and Evid. Eev. Religion, 1853-70, Cliancellor, Emeritus, 1870-3, d. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1833. D.D. by U.C. 1833. LL.D. by C.C. 1853. His preliminary and collegiate education were secured only by dint of Lis strong will, and with his devoted mother's assiduous aid. When a lad, he exchanged a pair of skates, which he had bought with money that lie had earned, for a Latin Grammar ; and while aiding his father, who was a quartermaster in the last war with Great Britain, he studied this book at every opportunity, until at length he was placed under the care of the cele- brated blind classical teacher. Professor Neilson, who prepared him for college. Such persistent struggles speedily brought their rewards. Resist- ing strong inducements to enter upon secular and lucrative professional life, he gave himself to the work of the ministry. In 1853 he was chosen Chancellor of the University of the City of New- York, an office which had been vacated nearly two years before by the removal of the Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen to the Presidency of Rutgers College, and which demanded the highest courage and executive ability to cope with its immediate difficulties. Seven- teen years and a half of services followed, which resulted in the extinction of a crushing debt of nearly one hundred thousand dollars, the endowment of four professorships by contributions of nearly one hundred and twenty thousand dollars more, and in the addition of several new departments to the course of instruction. At the age of seventy-two, the Chancellor, retired from active labors with the title of Emeritus and the honors of a successful administration. The remaining period 'of his life was largely devoted to useful services in various charitable and educational institutions, and in the Boards of our own Church. His majestic presence, his broad and well-balanced mind, his fine endow- ments, his kindly nature, his benevolent spirit, his successful ministries of every kind, are fresh in the memories of thousands. He possessed great sagacity, a large stock of roundabout common sense, administrative powers that were seldom equaled, and a, combination of practical qualities which made him wise in counsel, bold in action, progressive and yet conservative, and intensely earnest in following the dictates of his convictions and in pursuing his plans for accomplishing great things in the kingdom of Christ. In the Boards and Synods of the Church, in the Sunday-school and Bible Societies, in the Rutgers Female Institute, and in the University, he had full scope for the development of his peculiar executive skill. As a preacher, he was preeminently scriptural, practical, clear, discriminating, earnest, direct, and wise. His pastoral qualifications were of the most effective kind. Personally, he possessed a magnetism which reached the whole circle of his associations, and made him the best of friends, and a center of great in- £uence. THE iriNlSTET. 250 Intensely attaclied to his own Cliurcli, Lis compreliensive charity enlisted Lim most heartily in all the great movements of the kingdom of God. De- voted to his own immediate pastorates, he laid himself oat as well for the interests of the entire denomination. He loved the doctrine and practice of Christian unity, and with unfaltering step followed wherever the Master led him. Nay, he was a born leader under the great Captain, and thousands were glad to march under his gentle guidance. But, withal, he was one of the most decided of men. He could be as stern and positive as he was dignified and kind. But the crowning virtue of Dr. Ferris was that deep-toned, personal piety which graced his speech, moulded his character, beautified his life, and mel- lowed his age. Its saintly glow was upon his radiant face ; it shone in his acts, and it was glorified in his departure. Xo raptures, no ecstasies attended his last illness, but peace reigned, and there was u, heavenly beauty upon and within him, in which he realized that apostolic benediction, " The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ, and the love of God, and the communion of the Holy Ghost be with you." Even when his mind was wandering upon all other subjects, it was bright and at home whenever Christ and his Church were named. He died without a struggle, and his rest is glorious. Publications: A New Tear's Sermon, 1837. (Mag. B.D.C., i. 361.)— An Appeal in Behalf of Sunday-schools. Annual Sermon before Am. S.S.U. 1834. — ^Domestic Christian Education. 1835.— Address at the Funeral of Col. Alex. B. Thompson, U.S.A. 1833. — Address at the Opening of Eutgers Female Institute. 1839.— Questions and Proofs for S.Ss., 1843-7, complet- ing the circle of evangelical doctrines in five years. — Ecclesiastical Char- acteristics of E.P.D.C. 1848. — Home Made Happy. A Sermon to Parents. 1848.— A Discourse before the A.B.C.F.M., Sept. 13, 1848.— A Letter to the Ministers and Members of E.D.C. in Behalf of the Education of Christian Young Men for the Ministry. 1851. — Address at the Organization of the T.M.C.A. of New- York. 1853. — A Sermon on the Infiuence of True Affection. National Preadier. 1857. — Eeport on Separate Action in Foreign Missions, made to the General Synod in 1856, and printed in 1857. (Dr. Ferris was the actual author of this paper.) A large separate edition was printed. — Address at the Opening of the Law Department of the Uni- versity of New-York. 1858. — Funeral Sermon occasioned by the Death of the Eev. T. M. Strong, D.D. 1861.— A Discourse on the Death of Eev. G. W. Bethune. 1863. — Discourse Commemorative of Eev. John C. Guldin. 1863. — National Thanksgiving. 1863. — Jubilee Memorial of American Bible Society. 1866. — Semi-Centennial of American Sunday-school Union. 1866. — Address at the 150th Anniversary of the First E.D.C at New-Brunswick. 1867. (In SteeU'g Hiit. Discourse.) — Inauguration at Eutgers Female College. 1867. — ^Address at the Centennial Anniversary of the North Dutch Church. 1869. — Speech before the 15th Annual Convention of Sunday-school Teachers of New- York State. 1870. — Address at the Laying of the Comer-stone of Madison Avenue Reformed Cliurch. 1871. — Memorial Discourse, or Fifty Years in the Reformed Church in America. 1871. — Many Reports of the Board of Foreign Missions. — Article in Sprague's Annals on Rev. John S. Vredenbergh. — Many Union Question-Books of Am. S.S.U. 260 THE MINISTBY. Feeeis, John Mason, (a. of Isaac Ferris ;) N.Y.TJ. 1843, N.B.S. 1849, 1. CI. N.B. 1849 ; Tarrytown, ■ 1849-51, Tarrytown, 2d, 1851-4, Chicago, 2d, 1854^63, Grand Rapids, 1863-5, also Prof, in Holland Academy, 1864r-5, Sec. Bd. Foreign Missions, 1865— D.D. by B.C. 1867. PuUications : Numerous articles in Chicago Press and Chicago Tribune, and in QranA Rapids Eagle, 1854-64.— Reports of Board of Foreign Mis- sions, 1864— Hist. Foreign Missions in Manual B.C.A., 1869, 1879. Ferris,' Wm., lie. CI. L.I. 1869 ; East-Williamsburgli, 1873— Field, Jac. T. Pompton Plains, 1813-15, Pompton, 1815-37, Totowa, 2d, 1838-33, Presbyt., d. 1866. Finch, Horace W. N.Y.TJ. 1846 ; Greenport, 1857-60, w. c. 1860^. Fisher, Geo. H. C.C., 1831, N.B.S. 1835, 1. CI. N.B. 1835 ; North-Branch, 1835-30, Fishkill, 1830-5, Hudson, 1836-tl, also, S.S. at Mt. Pleasant, 1838-41, Broome St., N.Y., 1841-55, Utica, 1855-9; Hackensack, 2d, 1864r-70, emeritus. Died 1873. D.D. by R.C. 1845. For many years he stood in the foremost rank of the distinguished minis- ters of the Reformed Church. He was a man of ripe scholarship, of exten- sive knowledge, and of more than the average pulpit power. Churches of prominence sought him as their pastor, and he filled every situation to which he was called with great satisfaction to the people to whom he minis- tered, and always left the fields in which he had labored greatly strengthened by large ingatherings. He took an active part in the work of the denomina- tion, acting for six years, during his residence in New York, as the Corre- sponding Secretary of the Board of Domestic Missions for the Eastern De- partment. He was always regarded by those who were associated with him as a prudent counselor, and an efBcient administrator of all the trusts con- fided to him. His ministry in the church at Broome Street, as the successor of Rev. Dr. Van Vranken, who had been called to the Theological Seminary, was an eminently prosperous one. The remembrance of his earnest and efficient preaching, of his faithful labors, of his kind social intercourse, and his devout life was long regarded as a rich inheritance by that congregation. He was especially noted for his wisdom and tenderness among the families of affliction, where he was truly a son of consolation. His manner was re- served, and his appearance dignified, courteous, and affable. He was fluent as a speaker, and in his sermonizing clear, compact, and forcible. As a member of church courts he was most valuable, from his thorough knowl- edge of the constitution, and his familiarity with customs and usages. In his whole life he conducted himself as an earnest and conscientious minister of the Gospel ; and in his death, which was a triumph of faith, he showed himself to be a true Christian. During the last two years of his life he was disabled from all public services and active mental exertion. Living among the people to whom he had formerly ministered, he exerted a most happy influence as the ex-pastor of the church, and a wise counselor of his suc- cessor. He died at Hackensack on the 33d of November, 1874, in the sixty- THE MES'ISTEY. 261 ninth year of liis age, and the forty-seventh of his ministry.— ij«5. Br. R. H. Steele. Pvb.: Divine Providence Proved and Illustrated. Xat. Preacher, \m. Fisher, Isaac M. C.C. 1817, N.B.S. 1820, 1. a. N.B. 1820 ; Bedminster, 1831-38, Xewhurgh, 1838-9, d. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1835. Foering, Christian Frederick, b. 1736 ; studied under Weyberg, 1. by CI. New-York, 1770 ; [German town. Pa., 1760-73, call dated Sept. 1771,] Ger. Kef. X.Y.C. 1772-4, Hillsborough, (Millstone,) 1771^-9, d. March 39th. A native of Hanover, he was brought to America by his widowed mother when only seven years of age His father having died in the military service of that kingdom, his mother, to save him from the impressment which she knew to be before him, tied him to her back, and, skating across the Khine, escaped. They secured a passage to New-York, and ultimately took up their abode in Philadelphia or vicinity. The lad became a school- master, and afterward studied the surveyor's art ; but God called him to the ministry. He married Miss Margaret Miller, daughter of Sebastian Mil- ler, a merchant of Germantown, Pa., and numerous descendants live iu Philadelphia to this day. He preached in German, Dutch, or English. His teacher represented him as a man who had spirit and liie, and who would take trouble to bring souls to the Lord Jesus. His congregation i n Xew-York was very loth to part with him. He was eminently devout. He was also an ardent and active patriot in the American Eevolution, and onu of the etarly trustees of Queen's College. He died of a cold, caught in es- caping from a party of British sent ont to capture him because of his zeal in behalf of liberty. — See Millstone Centennial, 1866, pp. 47-55 ; HelffenMein' s Ser. at Germantown, Pa. ,1867, and Sariaugh's Life of Scldatter, 346. Fonda, Jacob D., b. 1793, at Watervliet ; U.C. 1815, X.B.S. 1819, 1. CI. N.B. 1819 ; Easton and Union Village, 1820-30, Union Village, 1830-.J, Caughnawaga, 1835-43, Linlithgo and Greenport, 1842-7, Schaghticoke, 1847-56, d. For several years before his death he had been in a feeble state of health, yet he died with his harness on. He had preached the day before to his people, and on Monday, immediately after he had led in family prayers, he expired. He was blessed with several interesting revivals of religion, iu which numbers united with the church. As a preacher, he was earnest, and loved to present the doctrines of the cross. His aim was to glorify God, to edify the Church, and to save souls. He was a kind and attentive pastor, having a word of encouragement or warning for all. Fonda, Jesse, b. at Watervliet, April 27, 1786 ; U.C. 1806, lie. North Conso- ciation, Hartford Co., Ct., 1808; Nassau and Schodack, 1809-13, New- Brunswick, 1813-17, Montgomery, 1817-37, d. May 2. Elected a trustee of Queen's Col., 1814. His father was a farmer in moderate circumstances, and both his parents were exemplary members of the Church and careful in the religious train- ing of their children. Finding that this son had a great fondness for learn- 262 THE MINISTRY. / mg, as well as a great facility for acquiring it, they gave liim the best ad- vantages wliich their circumstances would allow for literary culture. His preparation for college was made while aiding his father on the farm, and during his literary course he sustained the character of a diligent student, an apt scholar, and demeaned himself in such a manner as to gain the affec- tionate respect of his associates and the confidence of his instructors. He was the subject of religious impressions from his early childhood, and was accustomed to say that when a mere youth he was conscious of a desire to become a minister of the gospel, and that that desire gradually ripened into a purpose which gave shape to all his plans in life. Having finished his literary course, he pursued his theological studies with neighboring ministers, and was licensed in connection with the Con- gregational Church, but almost immediately came over into the denomina- tion in which he had been trained. Immediately on entering on his pas- toral work, he devoted himself with a zeal and diligence to the ministry ■vyhich gave promise of great success. He commenced at this period of life a course of systematic study, which gave character to his pulpit exercises through his whole ministry. In a very short time he was called to a more conspicuous field of labor, and fully sustained himself in a church which had enjoyed the services of some of our most distinguished ministers — such as Dr. Hardenbergh, Dr. Condict, and his immediate predecessor, Dr. Schureman. Mr. Fonda's ministry occupied a period of only about eighteen years, and he died at the age of forty-one. But short as his life was, he lived suffi- ciently long to prove himself one of -the most substantial and pious minis- ters of our Church. Few excelled him as a preacher. He had a full, sonorous voice, well modulated, and at once commanded the attention by his agreeable and forcible manner of delivery. He prepared his sermons with great care, writing them out in full and then preaching from memory. He never paused for a word, but carried his hearers along in a train of rapid argument and pungent appeal to the close of his discourse. His ser- mons were systematical and doctrinal ; and while they exhibit great force in the argument, there is also a marked attention given to the application. It is said that there was a singular unction in his closing appeals. The fruits of his ministry were very decided. In the different congregations over which he was stationed he enjoyed frequent outpourings of the Holy Spirit, and he was encouraged greatly in his work by large accessions to the (.Ihurch.— iJeo. S. H. Steele. See also Mag. R.D.O. i. 103, ii. 96,225-334. Publications : Letter of. (Mag. S.D.C. ii. 231-234.)— On Baptism. 12mo. — Confidence in God in a Day of Trouble ; a Valedictory Discourse at New- Brunswick, 1817. — Familiar Letters on the Sacraments, 1824. Fence, Jas. G., b. 1767 ; C.N.J. 1794; S.S. at Walpeck, 1808-11, Walpeck and Hardwick, 1811-16, Walpeck, 1810-27, (also supplied at times Smith- field, N.J., Presbyt.) d. 1851. He had a good mind, and was an instructive and profitable preacher. He was a kind-hearted, benevolent man, and very pleasant and friendly in inter- course. Want of punctuality in commencing his sermons was a serious THE MINISTET. 263 failing. He was conspicuous for great humility. — See Mills' Hiit. Disc, 1874. Ford, Wm. H., b. Lebanon, X. T., 1848 ; U.S. 1873 ; Northumberland and Fort Miller, 1875-7, Nortliumberland, 1877— Forsytli, Jas. C. Farmer Village, 1870-5, [Montgomery, Presb., 1875 — '] Forsyth, John, b. at Newburgb, N.T. ; R.C. 1839; TJniversity of Edin- burgh ; PMladelpbia, 2d Assoc. Ref. Ch. 1835-7, Xewburgb, Union Ch. 1837-47 ; also Assoc. Prof. Bib. Lit. in Theolog. Sem. Assoc. Ref. Ch., Newburgh, 1837^7 ; Prof, of Latin in C.N. J., 1847-53, Prof. Bib. Lit. and Ecc. Hist. Newburgh, 1853-CO, Prof Eng. Lang, and Lit. in Rutgers Coll. 1860-3, Prof Moral Philosophy, and Chaplain at West Point, 1871— D.D. by R.C. 1843. Publications : American edition of Dick's Theology, in 3 vols., -with Life of the Author, 183G — Address before the Alumni of Rutgers College, 1836. — Dignity and Duty of the Church — " The Bride Saith Come. " A Sermon be- fore the Associate Reformed Synod of New-Tork, 1836. — Sketches of Scottish Church History. Christian Magazine, 1836. — History of the Marion Con- troversy. Christian Magazine, 1837. — Many other articles in subsequent vol?, of Christian Magazine. — Truth in Jesus. A Sermon preached in the , First A. B. Church of Newburgh, 1837. — History of the Theological Semi- nary of the Assoc. Ref. Church, 1840. — History of the Associate Reformed Church, 1844. See Rupp's History of Denominations. — Memoir of the Rev. Alexander Proudfit, D.D.,with Selections, 1844. — Pastor's Counsels to a Toung Christian, 1844. — The Christian Instructor. Vols. 1 and 2. Editor of, 1845- 6. — Address before the Peithessophian and Philoclean Societies of Rutgers College, 1848. — Tlie Epistle of James in Henry's Commentary, witl^ Ad- ditional Notes. Partridge and Oakey's Edition of London, 1848. — Fishers of Men. A Sermon in Assoc. Bef. Pulpit, 1851. — Historical Essays on the Reformation in Holland and Geneva, and on the Synod of Dort. Christian Intelligencer, 1856. — Power and Perpetuity of Law. A Sermon delivered in the Chapel of the College of New-Jersey. Princeton Pulpit, 1853. — Duty of Praying for Others, by Rev. W. Bomaine. Edited by, with Sketch of His Life and Times. Iresb. Board, 1856. — Presbyterianism before the Reformation. Address before the Presb. Historical Society. Philadelphia, 1857. — Sermon on the Death of the Rev. Abraham Polhemus, D.D., in the First Ref. Dutcli Church of Newark, la. Memorial of, 1857. — "Beginning at Jerusalem." A Sermon delivered at the Annual Meeting of the American and Foreign Christian Union, 1858. — The Good Fight. Sermon before Grad. Class of Rutgers Coll., 1861. — Baccalaureate Address to Senior Class, R. C. , 1863.— History of the Public Schools of Newburgh, 1863.— Lives of the Early Governors of New-Tork. In Newhurgh Daily Union, 1863. — The Public Library. Address at the reopening of Public Library, Newburgh, 1863. — Translation and Enlargement of Moll's Exposition of Psalms 43-50, in Lange's Commentary, 1871.— Translation and Enlargement of Schmol- ler's Exposition of Joel, with a new version, in Lange's Commentary, 1874. — Letters to the SeottisJi Guardian, Glasgow, from 1846-1861. — Articles 264 THE MINISTRY. , in Princeton Benenjo : 1. Allison's History of Earope, 1843. 3. Fall of the Jesuits, 1845. 3. Wliewell's Elements of Morality, 1846. 4. The Evangel- ical Alliance, 1846. 5. The Apostolic Constitutions, 1849. 6. Ignatius and His Times, 1849. 7. Macaulay's History of England, 1850. 8. Dyer's Life of Calvin, 1850. 9. CEcolampadius, the Eeformer of Basle, 1851. 10. Pan - slavism, Germanism, and the Reformation in Poland, 1851. 11. History of the Vaudois Church, 1851. 13. Bristed's Five, Years in an English University, 1853. 13. D'Auhigne's History of the Eeformation in England, (vol. 5,) 1853. 14. Sprague'a Annals of the American Pulpit, vols. 1 and 3, 1857. 15. Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit, vols. 3 and 4, 1858. 10. Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit, vol. 7, 1861. 17. Sprague's Annals of the American Pulpit, Unitarian, 1865. 18. Sprague's Annals of the Smaller Bodies of Presbyterians in U. S., 1869. 19. Memoirs of Philip di Mornay, 1863. 30. The Fathers of Kosshire, 1863. 31. Arabia, 1865. 33. The Great Schools of England, 1866. S3. Froude's History of England, 1869.— New-Bru-mmck Review : Thomas Boston, 1849. — Theological and Literary JournalyBr. Lord's, New-York : The Fullness of the Times, 1851. Heng- stenberg's Song of Solomon, 1853. History of the Ottoman Empire, 1855. Sprague's Annals, 1857. Porter's Damascus and Palmyra, 1857. — Letters in Dr. Sprague's Annals : On Rev. Dr. John Johnston. On Rev. Dr. John Pierce. On Rev. Dr. Joseph Tuckerman. On Eev. Isaac Eysdyk. On Rev. Jesse Fonda. On Rev. William Macaulay. On Rev. James Scrim- geour. On Rev. Robert Forrest. On Rev. Dr. Samuel B. Wylie. On Rev, Dr. James R. Wilson. — Letters in Memorial of Eev. Thomas DeWitt, D.D., 1876. — Memoirs of Rev. Joseph M. Carroll, D.D., in "Men of Note in Cum- berland Valley," 1876. — Analytical Index to the First Series of the Princeton Peview, 1825-38. — Index to Topics Discussed in Forty Volumes of the Primeton Bemew, 1839-68. Fort, Ab., b. at Schaghticoke, 1790; U.C. 1810, studied under Froeligh, and N.B.S. 1821, 1. CI. N.B. 1831 ; Westerlo, 1833-30, Westerlo, Union, Salem, and Coeymans, 1830-1, Salem and Union, 1831-6, Esopus, 1836-53, vr. c. 1853-60, d. Had charge also of Wiltwyclt Chapel, 1854-60. He was emphatically a man of peace, and his ministry was in remarkable harmony with his character. He was a man of great simplicity, of unaffect- ed piety, of patient fidelity and labor, and of unobtrusive zeal. Partly from natural diffidence, and partly from settled principle, he avoided all the excit- ing questions of the day, even those of a theological character, pursuing the even tenor of his way with a firm conviction that the affairs of the world and the Church were in wise and proper hands. Wherever he ministered, he left the memory of a walk and conversation singularly peaceful, modest, and courteous. He was an Israelite indeed, in whom there was no guile. FowLEB, Wm. C, b. Newburgh, 1839 ; U.S. 1868 ; Stuyvesant Falls, 1874— Fox, Valentine Eadiger. Germantown, N.Y., 1803 — Fbakcis, Lewis, b. at Royalton, Vt., Sept. 14, 1836 ; Univ. Vt. 1856, A.S. 1860, lie. Suffolk South Assoc. Mass. Mar. 6, 1860 ; ord. by Cong. Council, THE MINISTET. 265 Feb. 18, 1863 ; [Colcliester, Vt., 1860^, Castleton, Vt., 1864-72, botli Cong.] Greenpoint, 1873— [Frankon'eld, c. to America, 1752 ; Frederick, Md., 1753-6, d.] Frazee, J. H. E.G. (1848,) X.B.S. (I860,) Miss, to Zion, Pisgali, and Good Hope, Miss. 1860-1, (Toms River, X.J., Presbyt. 1861-6, also Cliap. 3d X.J. Cavalry, one year,) BloomingburgU and S.S. Mamakating, 1866-9. Frazer, Tliomas. Helderbergb, 1836-38, Sharon, 183&-40,Carrytown,1840-43. [Frederick, . . . ., from Switzerland. Lebanon Co., Pa., 1760. Keturned to Europe. — Harhaugli's Lioes, ii. 384.] Freeman, Bernardus, b. in Westpbalia, 16. . ; lie. and ord. by CI. Lingen- in Westplialia, for service at Albany ; c. to America, 1700 ; rejected by tbe cburcb of Albany ; Scbenectady, and Miss, to tbe Moliawks, 1700-5, Xew-XJtrecbt, Bnsbwick, Flatbusli, and Brooklyn, (ander license from Lord Corubury, Dec. 26, 1705,) 1705-41 ; emeritus ; d. 1743. He was a Westphalian tailor. In 1699, when New- York wanted anotlier minister among several candidates, Freeman also appeared, but tbe Classis did not think his education was sufficient for so responsible a field. His nat- ural talents, however, were remarkable. About tbe same time with tbe re- turn of Dellius to Europe, the church of Albany wrote to the Classis either to send him back, or to find another in his place. Albany also wrote to Van Schaick and Banckert to try and secure them a pastor. The Classis soon found a man in Lydius for the church of Albany, but Banckert acted inde- pendently, and secured ordination, through personal influence, for Freeman, from a Classis outside the Netherlands, as above indicated, and shipped him to America without the knowledge of Dellius or the Classis of Amsterdam, and before they had got Lydius ready for his departure for Albany. The Clas- sis soon learned these facts, and sent letters to the churches in America warn- ing them against Freeman. But it so happened that Lydius, though start- ing later, arrived at Albany first. Freeman was also intending to get let- ters from England to Lord Bellomont to favor his cause. But Bellomont en- dorsed the action of the consistory, who adhered to Lydius. Schenectady then called Freeman, and for a while he and that church were virtually independent of the Classis of Amsterdam. Many letters were writ- ten, and the Classis ofEered to ratify Freeman's call and office, as the churches sadly needed pastors, if he would place himself under their care. In the meantime Freeman was very useful among the Indians. He ac- quired more skill in the language of the Mohawk Indians than any Dutch minister that had been in the country, not even excepting Dellius. He translated a great part of the English Liturgy into the Indian tongue, in particular the morning and evening prayer," the litany, the creed of Athana- sins, besides several places of the Old and New Testaments. He represent- ed that the litany mightily affifcted them, says Rev. Thos. Barclay, of the English Church. He adds : " He is a gentleman of a good temper, and well affected to our Church ; and, if there were a bishop in this part of the world. 266 THE MINISTRY. would be persuaded to take Episcopal ordination. I often entreat liim to go over to England ; but he is afraid of tlie danger of tlie voyage, and his wife will not consent to live among the Indians. He lias promised to give me his manuscripts, and what he has done into the Indian tongue.'' In 1705 he allowed himself to be used as a tool, and accepted of a civil li- cense from Governor Cornbury (Dec. 36, 1705,) to oflSciate in the churches on Long Island, after he had already declined a call from them. This usurpa- tion of the Governor in ecclesiastical matters was part of their settled policy to gain control over the Dutch churches, and ultimately to establish Episco- pacy in factas well as in law, which latter was already done. (The Minis- try Act was passed in 1693.) In the meai^time a party in the churches on Long Island had called, through the Classis, Antonides. This was the beginning of troubles on Long Island which lasted for very many years. The Classis greatly feared that it would be the occasion of the complete loss of ecclesias- tical independency by the Dutch churches. The Classis freq uently refers in this correspondence to an American Classis, hut says it must be yet far in the future. Antonides was obliged to get out a civil license in self-defense. It is not quite so clear why Domine DuBois, of New- York, consented to install Free- man at Kew-Utrecht. At length both pastors were accepted by both parties after a fashion, and matters became somewhat more Christian. /See Doc. JSist., iil 89-115, 435, 541, 698, iv. 413 ; Col. Hist., iv. 737, 883, 835, 1168 ; Prince's L. 1., 336-7 ; Anderson's Annals of Col. Ch., iii. 416, 435 ; Sutphen's Disc, 15 ; Amst. Cor., many letters. Publications : The English Liturgy (in part) translated into the tongue of the Mohawk Indians, with selections from Scripture. 1705. (See Boa. Hist. N. T., iii. 541, 598 ; Anderson's Annals of Col. Ch.) Ten years later we find the following publication, viz. : " The Morning and Evening Prayer, the Litany, Church Catechism, Family Prayers, and several Chapters of the Old and New Testament, translated into the Mahague (Mohawk) Language by Lawrence Claesse, interpreter to Wm. Andrews, missionary to the Indians from the Hon. and Eev. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts." Printed by W. Bradford, N.Y., 1715. 4to. Titles, (one in Mohawk,) 2 pp., 115 pp., 31 pp. (Hon. Henry C. Murphy owns a. copy of this rare work.) (See Miiller's Amsterdam Catalogue, 1873, No. 368.) Nevertheless, we read (Doc. Hist. N. Y., iii. 698) that in 1763 and 1766 there was an attempt made to have a translation of the Book of Common Prayer (prepared by Messrs. Andrews, Barclay, and Ogilvie, Episcopal ministers in New-York and Albany) printed in New-York, by Weyman, in the Mohawk language. But the difficulties were insurmountable. Weyman died a. bankrupt when he had reached the seventy-fourth page. The work passed then (1771) into the hands of Hugh Gaine, when 400 or 500 copies, it is said, were printed. In 1839 there was published in New- York. " Ne Kaghyadonghseva ne Isaiah," or Isaiah in Mohawk 8vo. Was any of this work from Freeman's MSS.? (See Muller's Catalogue, 1873, No. 1008.)— De Spizel der Self- Kennis (or The Mirror of Self-Knowledge.) Moral precepts translated from the ancient philosophers. 18mo, pp. 203. 1730. — De Weegschaale der Genade Gods. Wegende het genaden en verbroken Werknorbond, begrepea THE SUNISTBT. 267 in de verklaringe wer Eom. 4 : 8 de 12. Geloofs artikelen, de 10 Geboden, Let gebed des Heeren, ea dertig Predicatien. Bedienaar des Godlyken Woords tot Midwoud, in Nieuw Jork. eertyds Xieuw Nederland t'Amsterdam, 1731. Small 4to, pp. 578. With Portrait. (Or, The Balances of God's Grace. Thirty sermons.)— Verdegiging (or Hia Defense against the Church ofEaritan.) ISmo, pp. 126. 1736. Freeze, A. P. Germantown, N.T., 1849-. . , Blue Mountain, 1873-4, (1876 to Presbyt. of Columbia.) Frelinghuysen, Ferdinandus, (s. of t; J. Frelinghuysen ;) TJniver. Utrecht, 1753, lie. CI. Utrecht, June 7, 1753 ; ord. by CI. Amsterdam, July 3, 1753 ; called to Kinderhook. but died on passage over, 1753, of small-pox, as did also Jacobus, his brother. Amst. Cor., Letters 728, 784. Frelinghuysen, Henricus, (s. of J. T. Frelinghuysen ;) studied under Dor- sius and Goetschius ; lie. by the American Classis, 1754 ; Wawarsing, Eochester, and Marbletown, supplied, 1754r-7, pastor, 1757, d. He was called to take the place of his brother, who had died at sea. The congregation oi Marbletown and connected places had made several ineffect- ual attempts to secure a pastor, having called Schuyler in 1738, and Fryen- moet in 1740. In 1751, they called Jacobus Frelinghuysen, and went to the expense of sending him to Holland for ordination. He embarked with his brother Ferdinand, May 23d, 1751, and remained in the University of Utrecht till 1753. In July of that year they set sail for America, but died on ship. Their brother, Theodore, of Albany, communicated this fact to tlio churches to which they had been called, in October of the same year. la December they called Henricus, another brother, who had studied in this, country. But the difficulty of procuring ordination again presented itself. The congregations were unwilling to subject themselves a second time to the expense, delay, and danger of sending him to Holland. In a protracted correspondence with the Classis of Amsterdam, they requested that he might be ordained here. In 1755, he did obtain license to preach ; but not till three years after could he obtain ordination. But he died only two weeks after, of small-pox. Frelinghuysen, Jacobus, (Eng. James,) C.N.J. 1750, (s. of T. J. Freling- huysen,) studied under Goetschius, University Utrecht, 1752 ; lie. by CI. of Utrecht, in Holland, June 7, 1753, ord. CI. Amsterdam, July 3, 1753 ; sailed for America, Ap. 1753 ; called to Wawarsing, Eochester, and Marbletown, but died on the passage over, 1753. Frelinghuysen, John, b. 1727, at Three Mile Eud, (s. of T. J. Frelinghuy- sen ;) 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1750 ; Earitan, Sourland, Six Mile Eun, Ne-Sha- nic, and North-Branch, 1750-4, d. He entered on his duties, as the successor of his father, with high pros- pects before him. He was distinguished for his pulpit eloquence. He found the troublesome Arondeus on his field, ministering to those disaffect- ed to the evangelical views of his father. He was joyfully received by the people, and educated several young men for the ministry. But while on his way to Coetus, in September, 1754 ,he was suddenly taken sick, and 268 THE MINISTKY. died on Long Island. His congregations were disconsolate over Ms loss. He left one son, Frederick, the father of the late Hon. Theodore Freling- huysen. He married, in Amsterdam, a lady by the name of Van Berg, the daughter of a merchant there. She was a woman of remarkable character. She subsequently married Rev. J. E. Hardenbergh. (Habdehbeegh, J. R.) Frelinghuysen, Theodorus, (s. of T. J. Frelinghuysen ;) studied tinder J. H Goetschiug, lie. and ord. by CI. Amsterdam, 1745 ; Albany, 1745-59, also supplied Schaghticoke. Died about 1761. He was sent to Holland for licensure and ordination, but was sis months on the sea in returning, having fallen into the hands of the enemy. It was this partly, as well as the death by small-pox of his two brothers at sea pu their return, which made Theodore Frelingliuysen so warm an advocate of American ecclesiastical independence. Bat he was long hampered by his church at Albany, which opposed him in this matter. Hence he never attended the meetings of the Coetus, until Eitzema and others attempted to secure a Dutch Professorship of Divinity in Kings College. Then he broke through all restraint, and traversed the length and breadth of the Church in the midst of winter, (Jan. 1755,) and procured signers in favor of an American Classis, and a University for tbe Dutch alone, in opposition to the Episcopal College. He then returned home and awaited the opening of the spring. In April, 1755, a committee, which had been appointed for the pur- pose, was to meet in New- York, and examine the answer.^ of the churches concerning an American Classis. But in the meantime most of tlie members of this committee had become involved in the matter of a Dutch professor- ship in Kings College, and they therefore did nothing in the matter of canvassing tlie opinions of the churches. Frelinghuysen, therefore, took upon himself the responsibility of calling a meeting of Coetus for May 30th, 1755. The friends of ecclesiastical inde- pendence came together, organized an American Classis, licensed Henry Fre- linghuysen, censured certain ministers, and formally appointed Theodore Frelinghuysen to go to Holland and collect funds for a university, even as Schlatter had collected £33,000 in Holland and England for educational pur- poses among the Germans in Pennsylvania. He did not at once start, but waited more than four years. In the meantime successive meetings of the American Classis were held, and Hardenberg, Van Nist, Barcolo, and J. M. Goetschius were inducted into the ministry. Bitzema and his friends were deceived by the English about the professorship for the Butch in Kings Col- lege, and the charter was passed without such a provision ; but a few months later, alarmed at the possibility of a separate Dutch institution, an amendment was made to the charter, upon Eitzema's personal application, granting such a professorship. But the original Dutch friends of the meas- ure were now angry at the English duplicity, and the church of New-York censured Ritzema for securing the amendment. Ritzema and his friends never attended the meetings of the American Classis, but for the next eight years sent letters to the Classis of Amsterdam, denouncing the operations of the American Classis. Thus openly began the Coetus and Conferentie diffi- culty, which lasted sixteen years. TUB MIXISTRT. 269 If Frelingliuysen had gone to Holland at once lie might have succeeded. He had tried repeatedly to hold correspondence with the church of Xew-York before he went (1755-9), but they would not respond. He had, however, a powerful assistant in the city, in opposition, not only to the Dutch professor- ship, but to a sectarian college supported by general taxation, in William Livingston, the eminent jurist and statesman, who published many eloquent articles in his paper. The Independent Reflector, and in the New- York Mer- cury, fifty -two articles styled The Watch-Tower. In these he showed that an Episcopal establishment was lurking under all these schemes. Frelingliuysen preached also in English to the soldiers who were sent to Albany for the protection of the frontier. In the spring of 1739 he took strong ground, though with little success, against the spirit of gayety and fashion which a regiment of royal troops had introduced in that city. On one occasion, having preached an unusually earnest sermon against worldly follies, he found on Mondliy morning at his door a pair of shoes, a staff, a silver coin, and a loaf of bread. Being a man of peculiar sensitiveness, he conceived this to be an intimation to him to leave. This he determined to do, and also now to carry out his mission concerning the university. He sailed from New- York October 10th, 1759, and reached Amsterdam safely. In December he again wrote to the church of New- York, requesting that they would send a reply which might reach him by August 1st, 1760. The letter, however, seems to have arrived too late for them to answer as re- quested, as appears from the minutes of that consistory, July 14th, 1760. He was not successful in collecting funds. The division already existing in the Church necessarily made his efforts a failure. The plans now begun reached their consummation in 1770, when Queen's (now Eutgers) College was chartered. Mr. Frellnghuysen's temper was ardent, and his manners frank and popu- lar. In the pulpit his preaching was earnest and eloquent, while his pure life when out of it illustrated and enforced his teachings. His memory was long precious in Albany, meriting the tribute of "the apostolic and much- beloved Frelinghuysen." ■ * Mr. Frelinghuysen had married a daughter of Sylvester Sims, of a wealthy family in Albany. By her he received a large jiroperty on Staten Island and elsewhere in New- York. He is said to have made his will on ship-board, while the vessel was lying in the Narrows, just before sailing. This was at- tested by a Mr. Bleecker and others. He gave his property to his brothers, sisters, wife and child, and left the wilj with the lawyer who drew it. He also corresponded with the lawyer while abroad. A year or two later he re- turned to America, and was accidentally drowned while the vessel was lying off Sandy Hook. See Amst. Oor., many letters. Minutes of Church of New-York. Mun- sell's Annals of Albany. Dr. Rogers' Hist. Disc, Albany, 1857. Introd. to Rev. T. J. Frelinghuysen' s Sermons, N. Y., 1856. Centennial Discs. , 71-84. Also art. Schlatteu, and TJieohgical Sem. Sedgewiclis Life of Hon. Wm. Livingston. Publications : A Catechism, 1748. Second edition, 1752 ? (See Minutes of Coetus, XLIII., Frellnghuysen's Sermons, p. 11. On account of the scarcity 270 THE AIINISTKY. of appropriate books in America, tliis catecliism was composed, the funda- mental truth assumed in which is " that I am, and am a rational being." It is pervaded by a peculiar foifce of demonstration, but is not thought to be sufficiently explicit on original sin.) — Funeral Sermon of his brother Henri- ens, 1757. (See Coetus, XCIX., CII., Frelinghuysen's Sermons, p. 10.) Frelinghuysen, Theodoras Jacobus, b. 1691, inWest-Friesland ; lie. 1717; (Embden, Holland, 1717-19,) Raritan, New-Brunswick, Six Mile Run, Three Mile Run, North-Branch, 1720-47, d. Also Sourland, 1739^7. He was the first minister of the Reformed Church in Central New-Jersey. Divine Providence committed to this -remarkable man the important work of sowing the seed of truth and righteousness in a soil which has yielded, under subsequent cultivation, the most abundant harvest. Such was the influence that he exerted throughout the whole denomination, as well as in the field of his special labors, that the Church iS called to cherish his mem- ory with warmest gratitude. Very little information in reference to this pioneer of the gospel ministry in this section of the Church has been transmitted to us. His parents were of considerable reputation in their own country ; and, among his relatives, an uncle, Henricus, is known to have been an able and successful minister. Of his early life, and the circumstances of his conversion, nothing is known. His theological education was thorough, having enjoyed the advantages of a full course of study, at a time when the science of theology and true piety in Holland were in a highly prosperous condition. That he was a man of considerable literary culture is evident from his call to assume the rector- ship of an academy in the town of Embden, as well as from the proofs fur- nished in his published discourses. He entered the ministry at the age of twenty-six, and for about two years was the pastor of a church in his na- tive country. The circumstance of his selection for the important mission to this country was always regarded by him as a special call from God. A pious elder entertained a young traveler on his way through the town to Embden. During the evening he was so well pleased with the spirituality of his conversation, and his eminent gifts, especially in prayer during family worship, that he immediately informed his pastor, who had interested him- self in procuring an evangelical missionary for the new settlements on the Raritan, " I have found a man to go to America." Accordingly, after careful deliberation, the call was accepted, and he emigrated to this country. The field of his pastoral charge was very extensive, embracing all the churches of our denomination in Somerset and Middlesex counties. When ho entered upon his labors, he found the morals of the people in a most deplorable state. They had been entirely destitute of the stated ministry of the gospel since the first settlement of the country ; and although church organizations existed, and houses of worship had been erected, yet as the natural result of the absence of pastoral supervision, there was a great departure from serious and vital piety. The physical appearance of the country very much resembled the morals of the people. It was wild and uncultivated. Dense forests covered the land ; the streams were un- THE MINISTRY. 271 bridged ; tbe settlements were ividely scattered ; tlie roads were little more than paths tlirougb. the wilderness ; and it had all the appearance of a new country. But he was a man equal to the times, and with great facility adapted him- self to the circumstances in which he was plaefed. He had great energy of character, was remarkable for his fearlessness and independence of spirit, and would " sooner die a thousand deaths," as he expressed it, "than not preach the truth." From the sermons which have been preserved, we gather that he was a warm, earnest minister, dwelling principally upon the doctrine of the new birth, and having a dreadful antipathy to all manner of formalism. Indeed, his preaching was so direct and personal, and at the same time of such an evangelical character, that the people almost immedi- ately raised against him a violent opposition. He was charged with preach- ing doctrines contrary to the standards of the Church, and introducing customs which were subversive of her system of government. This contro- versy was opened almost at the commencement of his ministry, and it was carried on for several years with a spirit of bitter persecution. Indeed, in some portions of the field, it seems to have disturbed the peace of the Church during his whole life. Mr. Frelinghuysen met all this opposition in the spirit of a true gospel minister. That he was always discreet in his management of the opposi- tion, and was never provolied to rashness, is not maintained by his warm- est admirers. But his brethren in the ministry vindicated him against all the aspersions of his enemies ; legal decisions were obtained in his favor, and he himself was especially thankful that God "had raised up ]>ious brethren in Holland and East-Friesland to sustain him by their godly and edifying epistles." His ' ministry was eminently successful, as it was also exceedingly labo- rious. His residence was near the city of New-Brunswick, then a small hamlet, from whence he would go forth on preaching and catechising tours, laboring with great diligence in the work of his Mastet. Throughout this extensive field he enjoyed, as the fruit of his ministry, several extensive re- vivals of religion, which were distinctly marked with the power of God's grace, and stamp upon his ministry tbe character of eminent usefulness. He is frequently found in distant congregations, assisting their pastors in extraordinary labors, and he is uniformly represented to have been sound in his doctrinal views, searching in his reproofs, fervent in his appeals, and particularly distinguished for his success in winning souls to Christ. He was for several years a co-laborer with Rev. Gilbert Tennent, in New-Bruns- wick, who speaks of him in terms of high commendation. He enjoyed the friendship of Rev. George Whitefield, who speaks, in his journal, of the pleasure he experienced in the society of this godly man. And Rev. Jona- than Edwards, whose experience in New-England was very similar to his own, commends him for his discriminating manner in setting forth divine truth. In order to meet the growing wants of his extensive charge, Mr. Freling- huysen resorted to the expedient of appointing " helpers," after the manner of the apostles. Men who were gifted in exhortation and prayer, and who 272 THE MINISTEY. had commended themselves, by their godly lives, to the people, were select- ed, under the sanction of the consistory, to hold neighborhood services, to visit the sick, to direct the inquiring, and to be generally useful in the con- gregation. The tradition is that these men became extensively useful, and while the measure was a novelty in the Dutch Church, yet it tended greatly to the prosperity of the Church. These extraordinary oflBcers held their positions during life ; and one of the number, Hendrick Fisher, an elder in the church of New-Brunswick, subsequently a distinguished Revolutionary patriot, became a lay preacher and catechist, and some of his published dis- courses are still in existence. Mr. Frelinghuysen was accustomed to receive into his family young men of piety, and train them up for the gospel ministry. How many availed themselves of this advantage is not known ; but among the number we find the names of Rev. Samuel Verbryck, Eev. John H. Goetschius, and Rev. Thomas Romeyn. He was au early advocate for the establishment of an ecclesiastical judicatory in this country, with more enlarged powers than had hitherto been granted by the Church in Holland. As a member of the first convention held in New-York, he was an eflScient supporter of that new plan which was there originated, and which resulted in the independence of our Church in America. It is said that such was his zeal and foresight, that the plan of a college and seminary was first suggested by him, to provide a well-educated ministry. Concerning the events that transpired during the latter part of Mr. Fre- linghuysen's life, few records have been preserved. It is known that he was frequently prostrated by sickness, the effect, no doubt, of excessive labor ; and that he enjoyed a large ingathering into the church — a, most cheering evidence of divine favor, and a great encouragement to that noble minister, who had now triumphed over all opposition, and whose work was thus crowned with God's approbation. The date of his death is not known, although there is reason to believe that the event occjjrred about the commencement of the year 1748, when he had not yet reached his fifty-seventh year. Nor is the place of his burial definitely ascertained. The tradition is that his body rests in the old yard of the Six Mile Run Church. The aged remember that their parents pointed to the spot as the resting-place of a " great man." Is it not a striking fact that the distinguished minister who first broke ground for the gospel in Central New-Jersey lies in an unknown grave? But if no monument marks his grave, his memory is preserved among the greatest lights of our Zion. The character of his mind is sufSciently indicated by his published discourses ; his success, by the ingatherings which he enjoyed, the founda- tions which he laid, and the seed which he planted ; and his piety, by the savor which yet breathes from his memory. When such eminent men as Gilbert Tennent, George Whitefield, and President Edwards speak of him as one of the great divines of the American Church, we freely accord to him the distinguished position which he occupies. — Rev. B. II. Steele. The IClagte, or Complaint against him, has recently been translated by Rev. M. G. Hansen, and is in the archives of Synod. In letter 391 (Amst. Cor.) there is a very full resuihe of it. Many letters in Amat. Cor. Sketch of his THE MINISTRY. 273 life by Rev. Wm. Demarest, in Introd. to Prelinghuy sen's Bermons, 1856. Gunn's Livingstone, ed. 1856, p. 359. Messler's Memorial Sermons and Hist. Notes, 1873. Steele's Hist. Disc, 1867. Corwin's Millstone Centennial, 1866. Tercentenary Monument, 528. Publications : Three Sermons (in Dutcli.) ISTew-York, 1731. — Two Ser- mons (in Dutcli.) New- York, 1729. These two lots of sermons were trans- lated into English and published by a Hendrick Fisher, in 1780. — Ten Ser- mons (in Dutch.) Xew-York, 1733. Second edition, published in Holland, under approval, and with the commendation of the Theological Faculty of the University of Groningen, who called them " the noble fruit brought from the New World to their Doors," 1736. — Two Sermons (in Dutch) as an improvement of an earthquake felt in New-Jersey, Dec. 7, 1737. Utrecht, 1738. — Four Sermons (in Dutch.) Philadelphia ; about 1745. (These five lots of sermons were translated into English by Rev. Wm. Demarest, and published by the Board of Publication R.D.C. in 1856. 12mo, pp. 433 ; with an Introduction by Dr. Thomas DeWitt, and a Bibliographical Sketch by Rev. Wm. Demarest.) — An Answer to the Klagte, or Complaint against him, (see Boel,) is said to have been published by him about 1727 or 1728. Where can a copy be found ? (Bobl, Freeman, Van Santvoord, Demakest, Wm., Messler, Steele, R. H.) [There were also noted persons of this name in Europe, probably of col- lateral branches of the same family. Among the best-known pupils of the celebrated educator, Herman Auguste Francke, of Halle, were John Anas- tasius Frelinghausen (Francke's son-in-law), and Gottlieb Anastasius Fre- linghausen. (See Cyc. Ed. Art. Francke.) The former, J. A. F., was a man of practical piety, who stood up boldly against the rationalism of the day, an associate of Baumgarten. He was also Prof, at Halle, and died 1785. (See Knapp's Theology, pp. 15, 17.) He left a work in MS. " An Abstract of the Whole Doct. of the Ch. Religion, with Observations." A 2d ed. London, 1805. He was also minister of St. Ulrich's Ch. and inspector of the public school at Halle. He published " The Sacerdotal Prayer, or 26 Public Meditations on John 17." Halle, 1719.] French, see Funck and Vonck. [Frey, C. F., (converted Israelite,) Miss, at Yorkville, 1827, became a Baptist Jfa^. iJ.I>. a ii. 283,159. Friedel, Henry A., (at first an independent Lutheran ;) 3d Ger. Ch. N.Y.C; 1856-75, Flatbush, 2d, 1875— Fritts, Chas. W., b. in Columbia Co., N.Y.; R.C. 1862, N.B.S, 1865, 1. CI. Hudson, 1865 ; Blawenburgh, 1865-70, Fishkill-oa-Hudson, 1870— Publications : A Funeral Sermon of Col. Henry Duryea. 1870. — The Cen- tennial of the Republic. MsliMll Standard, 1876. Froeligh, Moses, (brother of Sol. Froeligh,) b. at Saugerties (?) May 9tli>. 1763; studied theol. under Sol. Froeligh and Livingston, lie. by Synod of D.R. Chs. 1787 ; Shawangunk and Montgomery, 1788-1811, Montgomeay,. 1811-17, d. 18 214: THE MINISTRY. He was a man of prepossessing appearance, and of a good mind. His voice was clear, liis enunciation distinct, his gesture natural, and his delivery unemharrassed. He was familiar and agreeable with his friends, but some- times fearfully sarcastic to others. He had an exuberance of wit and anec- dote at command, by which he often and easily carried his point in argu- ment. With advancing age he became more reverential, and manifested more religious sensibility. In all important matters he was exceedingly conscientious, and where duty was involved he was absolutely immovable. His wonderful exuberance of spirit, no doubt, somewhat lessened his use- fulness. — Sprague'a Annals. Froeligh, Peter D., (s. of Sol. Froeligh,) b. 17.. ; C.C. 1799, studied under his father, lie. 01. Paramus ; 1801, Pittstown, Tioshock, and Sincock, 1803-7, New-Paltz and New-Hurley, 1807-16, Aquackanonck, 1816-25, seceded, saa^eniedL, {Aquackanonck and English Neigliborliood?) 1825-27. He was an attractive preacher, his sermons always being interesting, and delivered with great force and distinctness. But while sound, perspicuous, and clear, they were lacking in spiritual point and pungency, and failed to effect any reformation in morals or manners. He was a man of medium height, pleasant countenance, and great suavity of manners. But becoming suspected in a certain matter about a will, he terminated his own life. — See Stiffs Hist. Ch. New-Paltz. Froeligh, Solomon, b. at Red Hook, May 39, 1750, (brother of Moses Froe- ligh;) studied under D. Romeyn and J. H. GoetBchius,]ic. by Gen. Meeting of ministers and elders, 1774 ; Jamaica, Newtown, Oyster Bay and Success, 17*75-6, supplied Fishkill and Poughkeepsie, 1776-80, Hillsborough and Ne-Shanic, 1780-6, Haokensack, (1st,) and Schraaleuburgh, (1st,) 1786- 1832; also" Lector in Theology, 1793-7, Prof, of Theology, 1797-1833, eeceded ; 1833, suspended ; (Haokensack and Schraalenhurgh, secession, 1833-7, d. Oct. 8.) Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1783. D.D. by E.G. 1811. He wag early religiously impressed, under the ministry of Schunemau, and begged his father, who was a farmer, to give him an education. Through his mother's influence, he finally prevailed. He married Rachel Vanderbeck in 1771. His patriotism in the Revolution was very ardent, and when the British entered Long Island, he was compelled to flee from his congrega- tions, narrowly escaping. He went to Hackensack, and accompanied Dr. Livingston on horseback, on the west side of the Hudson, to the north. A brief autobiography may be found in Demarest's Lamentation over Froeligh, with remarks on men and measures. Settling at Hackensack in 1786, over that portion of the congregations which had been especially of the Coetus or progressive party, he at first sought to unite the two antagonistic ele- ments in that section. (GOETScnios, Curtenius.) Walmoldus Kuypers, the pastor of the other part, was a mild and peaceable man, though pastor of those who had opposed the independent organization of the American Reformed Church. (Kuypers, W.) The old spirit still manifested itself in a refusal to attend, on the part of this people, the meetings of the Classis of Hackensack, (1771-86,) and also THE srixiSTKv. 275 on account of personal animosities witli members of Mr. Froeligh's congre- gation. Tlie two parties weie also divided by opposite sentiments, in the Revolutionary struggle, and in tbe early political controversies of the coun- try. It was at such a period that Mr. Froeligh settled at Hackensack, (1786.) Efforts were now made by Synod to reconcile the conflicting par- ties, and Mr. Froeligh's people seem to have been favorable to it ; but ilr. Kuypers' people refused, unless the well-known charter was repealed. The old charter seems at length to have been done away with by the new law for incorporating religious societies of 1789, of which these congregations availed themselves, and it was hoped that peace was now established. From 1790-5, they actually came together, and built a church in common, but the strife soon burst forth anew. Some of the people, who had been in the heat of the old ecclesiastical feuds, (1748-71,) looked upon Mr. Kuypers' people as schismatics, and dis- approved of the union effected. They disliked the efforts of Mr. Froeligh in this direction, and labored with him until he yielded to the pressure, and professed to feel that the imion was undesirable, if not wicked. He applied Jer. 15 : 19-21 to the circumstances, considering his own people as the pre- cious, and Mr. Kuypers' as tBe vile, and thus preached upon it. About the same time, the union chjirch which had been built was struck by lightning, and the stone over the entrance, with the words " Union makes strength," was broken in two. This was looked upon as ominous, and all the efforts of Synod, even, proved unavailing to keep the congregations united. Mr. Kuypers died about this Lime, (1795.) But whatever may have been the position of Mr. Kuypers' people before, now the tables seemed to have turned, and Mr. Froeligh and his people to have become the aggressors. It must be remembered that there were two consistories, but only one cor- poration. ]?ow Mr. Froeligh's people, hoping to control ,every thing, after Mr. Kuypers' death, attempted to prevent his consistory from sending delegates to Classis, and protesting against it when done, and appeals from classical decisions were carried up to the Synods. And when Mr. Kuypers' consistory attempted to call Kev. J. V. C. Eomeyn, this they also attempted to defeat, protesting against it, and carrying the matter by appeal to the Synods. The two consistories (making one corporation) voted on strictly party lines, while Mr. Froeligh, as the President, gave the casting-vote always in favor of his own consistory. Synod sustained Mr. Kuypers' people in all their acts, approving of the call on Mr. Komeyn. His consis- tory now kindly invited Mr. Froeligh to officiate at his installation, but ho refused. The old Classis of Hackensack being divided in 1800, Synod declared Mr. Froeligh's church to belong to the Classis of Paramus, and the other to the Classis of Bergen, hoping thus to prevent collision. Yet about this time, a precious revival, which extended all over the country, also visited this region, and Mr. Froeligh had more than two hundred added to his church on profession in a single year, (1800.) The building of new churches and parsonages by the opposing congrega- tions, (which were one corporation,) furnished many new causes of conflict and of sin. Members irregularly passing from one to the other, and Mr. Froeligh baptizing children of disaffected members in Mr. Romeyn's con- 276 THE MINISTET. gregation, did not tend to harmonize matters. Teclmical questions also arose, Mr. Froeligh's consistory assuming the responsibility of the bap- tisms, to free Mr. Froeligh from blame. Classes and Synods took opposite views of the matter, till at length Mr. Froeligh, with four other ministers in the north, (Brokaw, Palmer, Toll, WyckofE, H. V.,) who had been suspend- ed for contumacy, combined in organizing what they styled "The True Reformed Dutch Church." This secession took place in 1822. Thus that portion of the congregations in Hackensack and Schraalenburgh which had warmly favored the independent, American ecclesiastical organization — which had belonged to the Coetus party, and which under Goetschius, Dirck Eomeyn, and the early years of Froeligh, had denounced schism^ had now through their personal animosities effected a real schism, which has been the bane of Bergen County, in all its original extent, for nearly half a century. Likewise, many fair regions along the Mohawk, and farther west, were desolated by the same wave. The attempt was made to vindicate the secession on doctrinal grounds and looseness of discipline. It was charged that the Church had become Hopkinsian (or too mildly Calvinistic) in its theology, and many pamphlets were produced by the opposite sides upon the question. The matter was brought by memorials of different parties before the General Synod. Dr. Froeligh had been appointeii assistant Professor of Theology in 1792, and this now made him directly responsible to the Synod for his conduct. He was accordingly suspended in 1832 from his professorship and from the ministry for seceding, for charging the constituted authorities of the Church with unsound doctrines and with looseness of discipline, (especially while he had himself irregularly admin- istered baj)tism to the disaffected of another congregation,) for- uniting -with deposed ministers in contempt of ecclesiastical authority, and for promoting schisms and dissensions. It was afterward proved by letters of Mr. Froeligh to different parties, and by the testimony of some of his students that he had contemplated secession, in imitation of the Scotch, for many years. Mr. Froeligh was seventy-two years of age at his secession. He was not a man of lofty genius or of intellectual greatness. He followed the beaten track of doctrinal exposition and experimental religion. He became with years severely dogmatic. His studies were rather confined to the needful and the useful. He was considered during many of his latter years by the (3iurch at large as a troubler in Israel. He expressed his doctrines in the severest terms, preaching an unalterable reprbbation. He was no doubt led into the ecclesiastical difficulties, before he was aware, so far that he felt he could not recede, and by thus acting he soon became guilty of many inconsistencies. It must be remembered that he at first strove for union ; and when he had failed in all his efforts and plans, the reaction carried him far the other way. From his position, he found himself at the head of a party, and circumstances led him on till the consummation which we have seen. Much sin was on both sides, no doubt, but why should the children perpetuate the old feuds ?—S(?Wfir. N.Y., 1857.— The Peril of our Ship of State. 1861.— 286 THE MINISTRY. The Polly of our Speculations. A New Year Sermon. 1861.— Strictures on a Keceat Sermon by Rev. J. H. Van Dyke, in Vindication of American Slavery. 1861. — Eeliance on God our Hope of Victory. 1861.— Realizing Eternity. On the Death of Rev. Ales. McClelland, D.D., Prof, of Oriental Languages, etc. 1865. — Christocracy. Essays on the Coming and Kingdom of Christ. 1867. (Dr. J. T. Demarest, joint author.) Second edition, 1879. — A Tract in Answer to the Romish Tract, " Is it Honest ?" (Am. and For. Cbn. Union.) — A Tract on the School Question. — Controversy with a Romish Priest, growing out of Tract (No. 15). Youngstown, Ohio, 1868. — Essay on the Nature of the Controversy between Protestantism and Romanism. St. Louis Presbyterian, 1868. — The Reformed Church in America, its History, Doctrines, and Government. 1869. Published anonymously. — Croquet, or Social Prayer Illustrated. 1870. —The Church aiad her Sacraments. 1870. — The Hope set before Us. 1872. — The Immortality of Character. On the Death of Rev. Eben S. Hammond. 1873. — Peter never at Rome. An Es- say in St. Louis Presbyterian, 1878. — An Autumnal Sermon, 1873. " We all do fade as a Leaf." (In Sower.)— IMe of Henry Ostrauder, D.D. 187S.' (With selections of his sermons.)— The Sin of Reviling and its Work : On the Death of President Lincoln, 1865. N.Y., 1875.— Various Essays for St. Louis Presbyterian, and for Central Presbyterian at Richmond, Va. — Re- vealed Truth Impregnable, 1878. Gosirian, John, b. 1784, in N.Y.C. CO. 1801, studied under Mason and Proudfit, 1. Presbyt. of Washington, 1804 ; (supplied Lansingburgh and other chs. 1804-8 ;) Kingston and Hurley, 1808-11, Kingston, 1811-85, Philadelphia, 2d, (8th St.,) 1835-6, Westerlo, S.S. 1836-8, (Port Byron, Presbyt. 1838-41,) supplied Coeymaus and New-Baltimore, 1841-3, Hudson, 1843-53, Flatbush, Ulster Co., 1854-9, d. 1865. Elected a trustee of R.C. 1835. D.D. by R.C. 1833. For the benefit of his health, the first four years of his ministry were spent in itinerating. He was among the most artless of men, and transparent in his beautiful simplicity of character. Having nothing to conceal, and no by- ends of his own to serve, he was under no temptation to assume disguises. To his generous, child-like nature, nothing was more alien or distasteful than the schemes of a selfish ambition, or the manoeuvres incident thereto. And this guileless candor and disinterested openness of soul was one reason of the strong hold which he apquired, and never lost, on the love and con- fidence of his fellow-men. He also possessed a most genial, social disposition. Fond of books, he was not a recluse. Few men delighted more in the converse of friends, or were more sought after, on all occasions of joy and of sorrow. lu the house of feasting, a fine, perennial vivacity, lighting up into a cheerful glow tho mingled dignity and cordial afiability of his address, together with a wit ever ready and pointed, but, at the same time, unfailing in its benignant kindliness, made him, indeed, a welcome guest ; while his quick, gushing sympathies, gentle bearing, tender tones, and deep, experimental acquaint- ance with all the sources of consolation in the Gospel and at the mercy-seat, THE IIIXISTKY. 287 made Lis presence even more a deliglit in tlie cliambers of sickness and death. His labors also were abundant. Besides those connected with a large and growing charge, he was at all times the generous helper of his brethren, and was equally prompt in responding to the ever-recurring appeals for his services, on occasions of special public interest, throughout the county. He dedicated more than twenty churches. He held a species of voluntary episcopate in Ulster County, such as none could well object to— an episco- pate of brotherly kindness and helpfulness — one as freely accorded to his personal qualities and professional distinction, as it was ever exercised by him in the spirit of wisdom. In the treatment of his texts, he was always full and instructive, abundant in illustration, and with language drawn from the purest " wells of English undefiled." His delicate taste — correct, too, as it was delicate — with his intimate knowledge of our standard authors, gave to the language he used a charm of simplicity which, like the sparkle of a gem, attracted the notice of the least cultivated, as well as of the educated jiortions of his hearers. A remarkably retentive memory, too, which en- abled him to summon, at his command, the choicest thoughts and phrases of his favorite authors in both poetry and prose, gave often to his own fer- -vent discourse the power derived from association, and imparted to it a ray of light to bring out in fuller measure its own inherent strength and beauty. In aptness of quotation and of allusion to incidents bearing on his subject, in either sacred or profane history, he had few equals. He was, therefore, a popular preacher. Yet, from his modesty and unobtrusive habits, his repu- tation as a pulpit orator was confined chiefly to his own denomination. He possessed peculiar unction in prayer. Whether at the family altar or in the pulpit, by his fervor and earnestness, in language glowing with the poetry of the Psalmist, and bright with the beauty of holiness, ever most appropriate to the occasion, he seemed almost at times to carry the souls of his hearers with his own up to and through the very gates of heaven. He was unusually successful in raising money for benevolent societies or purposes. Principally instrumental in organizing the Ulster County Bible Society, it became, through his efforts, one of the most flourishing and lib- eral. For our seminary and college at New-Brunswick he made his tours among the churches, ^d brought in large and unexpected offerings. — See Memorial containing addresses or tributes l>y Drs. T. Be 'Wilt, Sprague, Gas- ton, Eolmes, Lillie, VermUye, etc. Publications : A Family Prayer-Book.— Questions on the Gospels and Acts, for Bible Classes. — Sermon at the Funeral of Rev. J. C. Vandervoort. — Ser- mon at the Funeral of Professor James Cannon, D.D. — An article on Nearing Home, (Presb. Board.)— Articles, in Prague's Annals of American Beformed D. Pulpit, on Rev. Elias Van Benschoten and Rev. Dr. Jacob Brodhead. Graham, Jas. Edward, E.G. 1875, N.B.S. 1878, lie. CI. Schoharie. Gkamm, GusTAVTjs E. Gym. of Halle, Prus., 1844, tutor, 1844r-56, 1. CI. Maryland, (G.B.) 1857 ; (Baltimore, 5th, G.R. 1856-9, Bethlehem's Ch. of Philadelphia, 1859-61 ;) Philadelphia, 4th, 186^7, w. c. 288 THE MINISTRY. Grant, Henry J., E.G. 1885, N.B.S. 1868, 1. Cl. Geneva, 1868. Grasmeer, Wilhelmus, (son-in-law of J. Megapolensis ;) Qrafdyck, Holland, 16. .-49, suspended ; c. to America, 1651 ; Kensselaerwyck, 1651-3, return- ed to Holland. The cliurcli of Kensselaerwyck having lost the services of Megapolensis, by his removal to New- Amsterdam, was exceedingly anxious for a pastor. But the Classis of Amsterdam could not immediately succeed in finding one. Grasmeer had been suspended, and perhaps deposed, by the Classis of Alckmaer, for drunkenness, quarreling, and other things Without permission of his Classis he determined to come to America, having secured certificates from Rev. Mr. Knyff and his own former Consistory. The Classis of Amsterdam wrote letters to its two churches in America, warning them against him. Nevertheless, the church of Kensselaerwyck was induced by the certificates to accept him as their pastor. Upon his first arrival he had accompanied Stuyvesant on his expedition to the South River, in July, 1651. {Col. Mist. N. Y. i. 597, 599, 600.) He preached with accept- ance to the people. But the Synod of North-Holland confirmed his suspen- sion, and the Classis of Amsterdam again wrote to him, and to the two churches, directinjj them no longer to countenance him, and commanding him to return. In this they were sustained by the West-India Company. In 1653 he accordingly went back to Holland, with warm testimonials, ask- ing that he might be qualified to return. This was not granted. / Gray, Andrew, studied under Livingston, lie. by Synod of R.D. Chs. 1790 ; Poughkeepsie, 1790-3, Miss, to the Susquehanna Region, (Hanover,) 1793-96,Danville, Angelica, Sharon, Karr Valley, andTuscarora, 1797-1819. He was driven from his home by the British, in the war, and his books and property destroyed ; d. 1819. Mints. Cl. N.B. ii. 33, 54, 73, 77, 104, etc. An interesting letter from, 1809, in Christians' Mag. iii. 105. See also Centen. Disc. 509. Gray, John, b. at Aberdeen, Scotland, 1793, educated, and ordained in Scot- land, about 1815, [Miss, in Russian Tartary, 1818-25, Dom. Miss, in Eng- land, 1833-33,] c. to America, 1833 ; Fallsburgh, (Woodbourne,) 1833-5, Schodack, 1835-46, Cohoes, 1847-8, Ghent, 1st, 1848-55. Cicero, 1856-7, d. 1865. He was of the Scotch Covenanters, and was in early life bereft of a father's care. Though the youngest brother, he became the religious instructor of the household, and led at the family altar. By his own industry, he sought to buy a Bible, then a costly book. He afterward wrote Little Johnny and His Bible, a book which has been widely circulated. This Bible led him to desire to preach the gospel. The boy-preacher was ordained as a min- ister. He offered himself as a foreign missionary to the Presbyterian Church. This was at the beginning of the present century, when foreign missions were yet an experiment. The mighty march of evangelical hosto for the conquest of the world had not then yet taken on its present majes- tic and attractive character. With a wife of rare intellectual and religious THE MINISTRY. 289 attainments, lie went to Tartary. There lie lost liis wife in an epidemic, and lie was left, with four little children, a thousand miles beyond the con- fines of civilization. (One of these afterward became the celebrated printer in New- York— John A. Gray, of the firm of Gray & Green.) He had labored in Tartary for seven years. He now resolved to return home. He carried his family by carts, during a journey of six weeks, till he reached public conveyances. After employment in the Home Missionary Society for a while, he came to America. He was a frequent contributor to several religious periodicals, and wrote a. number of tracts. His whole aim seemed to be to set forth Christ. He read, studied, thought, and re- flected—but all that he might commend the excellency of the gospel. He was a very earnest expositor. He was a thorough analyzer, and contrived to make points. Many of his expressions were of such a kind as to infix themselves in the memory. Herein lay his strength. He was neither an elocutionist nor a rhetorician, but his short, sharp, and decisive sentences rung with the best gospel sounds. Tender yet bold, self -forgetful yet urgent, preaching was with him a right-down earnest tugging to get his hearers up to the cross. His friendships were steady, and he literally luxu- riated in them. Gray, William, Tyre, 1839-46. Gbegoet, Oscar H. Am. Col. 1828, P.S. and N.B.S. 1831, 1. CI. N.B.; Far- merville, 1831-8, Gibbonsville, (West-Troy,) 1838-70 ; w. c. D.D. by U.C. 1853. Publications : Sermon on the Death of David A. Abrahams, Esq., a Ruling Elder at West Troy. 1844. — Essay on Fashion. Am. Magazine. — Sermon on the Death of Martin Whitbeck, Esq., a Ruling Elder at West Troy. 1858.— The Glory of God's House. A Sermon at the Re-dedication of Church at Farmer Village. 1857. — Memoirof Andrew Meneely, Esq. American Tract Society: Gregory, Thos. B., c. from England, 1833, 1. Presbyt. of Onondaga, 1833; Canastota, S.S. 1834^5, Prattsville, 1836-40, Oyster Bay, 1841-4, Gra- hamville, 1844-8, Miss, at Hoboken, 1850-4, Huguenots, S.I. 1855-BO, w. c. d. 1871. Publications: Ezekiel's Wheel; or, Providence of God in the Government of the World, 1857, 1859. Geipfin, Waltbb Timothy, b. 1853 at Flatbush, Ulster Co., N.T.; R.C. 1875, N.B.S. 1878; lie. CI. Ulster; Jersey City, Central Av., 1878— Griffis, Wm. Elliott, b. in Philadelphia, Sept. 17,1843; R.C. 1869, N.B.S. 1869-70 ; in charge of Knox Mem. Chapel, N.Y.C., May-Nov., 1870 ; in Government Educational- Work in Japan, 1870-4, U.S. 1875-7, lie. Man- hattan Cong. Assoc. Aprils, 1877, and by CI. Schenectady, May 33, 1877 ; Schenectady, 1st, 1877— Publications : Editor of Our Sahbatli-Scliool Messenger. Philadelphia, 1865. (Published for Sabbath-Schools of Second Reformed Church.)— The 19 290 THE MINISTET, New Japan Spelling Book, pp. 204. San Francisco, 1873.— Tlie New Japan Pictorial Primer, pp. 43. San Francisco, 1873.— The New Japan First Reader, pp. 60. San Francisco, 1873.— The Tokio Guide, pp. 35. Yokohama, 1874.— The Tokohama Guide, pp. 39. Yokohama, 1874.— Map of Tokio, ■with Notes, Historical and Explanatory. 1874.— The New Japan Primer, pp. 30.— The Mikado's Empire. 8vo, pp. 635. N.Y., 1876. Second edition, 1877. — The Mikado's Empire. An article in the last edition of Appletons' CycZopcEcZm.-Education in Japan. Cyc. Ed. 1877. — Japan. An article in the Manual of MMonsoi^tormeA Church in America. — "Yoda,the Archer," and "The Queen of the World under the Sea." In the Wonder World. N.Y. , Put- nam's Sons, 1877. — Manual and Directory of First Reformed Church of Schenectady. 1878. — Japan, Geographical and Social, Read before Ameri- can Geographical Society in Chickering Hall, N.Y., and printed in their Proceedings. 1878. pp.30. — The Ainos, the Aborigines of Japan. Read before the American Ethnological Society, 1878.— (Many of Mr. Griffis' arti- cles have been translated into Japanese, and published in Japanese news- papers.) Griswold, John Valentine, b. Mich. 1837 ; TJ.C. 1865, U.S. 1868 ; [Washington- , ville, N.Y. Presb. 1868-71 ;] Miss, pastor of Bethany Chapel, Brooklyn, 1871-3 ; [Port Jefferson, L.I., 1873—.] Grross, John Daniel, b. in Germany, 1737 ; [Northampton, AUeutown, Egypt, Jordan, and Schlosser's Church, 176.-70, Saucon and Springfield, 1770-3,] Kingston, Ger. 1773-1783, Ger., Ref. N.Y.C. 1783-95, Prof of Ger. Lang, and Geography in Columbia College, 1784r-95, Prof, of Moral Philosophy in Columbia College, 1787-95, (Canajoharie and perhaps S.S. at Stone Arabia, 1795-1803 ;) died May 25, 1812. Regent of U.N.Y. 1784-7, Trustee of Colum. Col. 1787-92 ; S.T.D. by C.C. 1789. He had been a pupil of Kern, and became the instructor of the illustrious Milledoler. During the Revolution he was exposed to many perils as a pastor, of a church on the frontier. He removed to New- York State on account of want of love, stubborn conduct, neglect to attend worship, and non-payment of salary of nis churches ia Pennsylvania. (Harbaugli's Lives, ii. 391.) Upon his removal to New- York City, he published "Natural Principles of BectHude, a Systematia Treatise on Moral Philosophy," 8vo, 1795. He became wealthy by buying soldiers' land warrants. The last ten years of his life were spent in the vicinity of Fort Plain on a farm. See Dr. Francis' "Old New-York," p. 47, and Brake's Cyc. — Also Art. Milledoler, in Sprague's Annals. [Gueting, Geo. Adam, b. 1741, Antietam, Md. 1773-1804, expelled from Coetus. He had labored with the United Brethren before, and continued with them afterward ; d. 1813.] [Guldin , c. to America from Switzerland, 1701. Preached in Pennsyl- vania.] Guldin, John C, (great-grandson of Guldin, ,) b. in Bucks Co., Pa., 1799, studied theology under Herman, lie. 1820 ; (?) (Chester and Mont- THE MIXISTRT. 291 gomery Cos., Pa., 1830-41, Franklin Co., Pa., 1841-2 ;) X.T.C. Ger. Evang. Miss. 1842-63, d. Also General Missionary to the Germans in N.Y.C. 1842-52. He was tlie Apostle of tlie Gernaans for many years. The master of two languages, he was the chief link between the American and German elements in the American church. While ministering in the German churches in Pennsylvania, he experienced a great change, acquiring new views of true religion, or at lea."t having a slumbering piety quickened. He became, henceforth, indefatigable in his labors, and with tears implored men to seek Christ. He had great revivals. He moulded the religious character of his churches, especially in Pennsylvania, where the population was not transient. Tet he met with bitter opposition. The church doors were sometimes closed against him. Then he would preach the pure gos- pel of Christ from the stone steps ; with a joyous, child-like welcome he greeted old and young who expressed a hope in Christ. la dealing with opponents to the Gospel, he Was perfectly fearless ; when deciding on the mode of preaching, wiiether to adopt the metaphysical style of answering error, or of directly jireaching Christ, he chose unhesitatingly the latter. Hence his large success. In New- York his labors were Herculean. Besides the charge of a con- gregation, he was for ten years General Missionary to all the Germans superintended the issue of German publications in the Tract Society, and was the general counselor and patriarch of all those of his own nationality wlio came to our shores. He also was the principal agent in the prepara- tion of the German Hymn Book, since adopted by the Presbyterians for their German churches. He was greatly grieved at the defection in the German church whicli began to show itself about 1845. He labored diligently to show them their departure from the Reformed faith. But his failures in this direction became a powerful reason for us to extend our organizations among the Germans. Our common standards made us the natural friends of tlie Ger man immigrants. A new field was, opened up to our Domestic Missionary Board, and in which Brother Guldin became peculiarly useful and active ; nothing in this direction was done without his counsel and advice. He delighted to preach the gospel ; his sermons were the outpourings of a heart that had a rich experience of the Saviour's love. His language was chaste, simple, artless, and earnest ; seeking not the garniture of rhetoric, yet unsloven in style, he stood before his people a weeping prophet, feeling like Paul, "I travail in birth, till Christ be formed within you." His prayers were all heart, which could not let the Master go. He was a friend to every body. Even the children of his charge, when seeing him pass along the street, would catch his hand, or pull his coat, to win one of his smiles. He was also the agent of bringing many young men into the min- istry. — See Memorial Sermon by Ben. Dr. Isaac Ferris. See also Biography of, by Rev. J. M. Wagner, in Mangeliseh Euto-risoh JaJirbuch, 1878. GULICK, Albert Voohhees, b. Somerset Co., N. J., 1830 ; R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1660, 1. 01. N.B. ; Jerusalem, Nov. 1860-5, Dec. ; also, Tuion, Nov. 1860-4, 292 THE MINISTEr. June; and Quisqtuethaw, Nov. 1864-5, Dec; Spring Lake, III., Jan. 1866-73, July ; Norwood Park, 187J:— GuLiCK, Alex., l).,N.Y.C. Ap. 9, 1814; P.S. 1835-7, U.S. 1838-9, ord. Presbyt. May 10, 1840 ; [Mt. Pleasant, Greenville, and Union, O., 1840-3 ;] Woodstock and S.S.West-Hurley,1847-54, West-Hurley, 1854-59 ;[Bridge- ville, Del., 1864-7, Jasper, N.Y., 1867-73, Kingswood, W. Va., 1874-5 ;] entered K.G.A. 16(75, yr. c. GtJLlCK, UniAH T>., h. in Somerset Co., N.J., 1835 ; R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. N.B. ; Pekin, 111., 1863-70, Norwood Park, 1870-3, Chicago, (Am. Eef.,) 1873-5, Brooklyn, 13tli St., 1875— Gunn, Alexander, b. 1785, CO. 1805, studied under Dr. Kollock, of Prince- ton, and Dr. Eodgers, of N.Y.C., lie. by Presbyt. N.Y. 1809 ; Blooming- dale, 1809-39, d. A.M. by C.N.J. 1805 ; S.T.D. by AUeglieny Col. 18. . He was led to enter the Eeformed Cliurcli, (though brought up in the Presbyterian,) that he might be settled near his widowed mother, and Bloomingdale remained his only charge for the twenty-one years of his min- istry. He possessed an ease and dignity in his manners which in England would have secured for them the appellation of Chesterfieldian. ^He re- spected liimself, and also respected the feelings and opinions of others ; so that he secured universal esteem, and deservedly acquired, in the best sense of the term, the character of a perfect gentleman. He was also a man of great prudence, never saying or doing any thing rashly, nor could his ene- mies construe any part of his conduct to his own moral injury, or that of tlie cause of religion. He was also a successful peace-maker. His talents as a writer and preacher were also of a very high order. He possessed an original and lively imagination, which threw around the pro- ductions of his well-furnished and highly-cultivated mind a charm that fixed the attention and commanded the respect and admiration of his hearers and the readers of his works. He was among the best and most popular preach- ers in New- York. He also held a powerful pen in the department of theolo- gical controversy. The facility, ability, and taste which marked his writings secured for him an imperishable honor — that of being selected by the Gene- ral Synod as the individual best qualified to write the biography of their dis- tinguished professor, Livingston. He performed the task to the entire satis- faction of the Synod. His piety was unfeigned. From the time of his father's death, at the early age of thirteen, he conducted family worship. His early impressions grew stronger with increasing years. In his last sickness the Lord tested his faith, so that he exclaimed to a friend, " The Lord is trying me in deep waters," but he also granted him a joyous and glorious deliverance. His last words were, "Lord Jesus, receive my spirit." His son Rev. Lewis C. Gunn, C.C. 1830, P.S. 1833; afterward became an editor. 2ifaff. B.D.C. iv. 158, 256, 357, 389. Sprague's Annals. Publications: (Pseudonym, Clericus, in Mag. B.D.C.) A Sermon Com- memorative of Bev. John N. Abeel, D.D. 1813. (See also Mag. B.D.C. iv. THE MIXISTEY. 293 289.) — A Sermon on Intemperance. 1813. — A reply to " Whelpley's Triangle." 1817. — Two Letters to a Clergyman of K.D.C.ou tte Question whether a man may lawfully marry his deceased wife's sister. (Clericus.) — Reasons in Favor of the Erasure of the Law forbidding such Marriage. 8vo,pp. 38. 1837. — A Sermon Commemorative of Rev. Dr. John H. Livingston. 1828. — Memoirs of Rev. John H. Livingston, D.D. 8vo, pp. 540. 1829. Second edition, abridged, 12mo, pp. 405, 1856. (Princeton jReniew, ii. 150.) — Miscellany, by Gunn and Rowan. {EtauQ. Guardian and Review. 1817.) (See also Mag. B.S.C.iv. 289.) G-OTWEILER, Ernest, Coll. City N.Y. 1874, N.B.S. 1877 ; Long Is. City, 1877— Hadson, Warnerus, ordained for New-Amstel, 1663^ but died on the passage over, 1664. Haeghoort, Qerardus, c. to America, (N.Y.,) 1731 ; Freehold and Middletown, N.J., 1731-5, Second River, (Belleville,) 1735-76, d. 1783? He was sent over by the Classis of Amsterdam, in answer to a call of the church of Freehold and Middletown, after the resignation of Do. Morgan. He was a man of great respectability as a preacher, and enjoyed the confi- dence and respect of his people. As early as the spring of 1733, he was called to the church of N. Y.,at a salary of £125, with £7 extra for fire- wood, and £35 for house-rent ; but he declined. (Minutes Oh. N. Y. p. 101, Eng. Trans.) On March 15th, 1737, under advice from the Classis of Amster- dam to Domines Haeghoort and Van Driessen, the former wrote to the Con- sistory of N. Y., urging the propriety of a Coetus. This was the first formal attempt for that organization. (^Minutes Ch. 2f. Y. 123-149.) After serving iu Monmouth City for four or five years, he was induced, by the influ- ence of Col. John Schuyler, to remove to Belleville. His consistory ex- pressed their heartfelt sorrow, on their minutes, that they were so soon de- prived of his faithful services, and their wishes that God would bless his labors among the people at Second River, no less than he had blessed them here, and that he might there find himself no less beloved, to the honor of God's great name, and to his own satisfaction. Hence it is thought that he was perhaps ambitious in so soon leaving for ii more eligible field. But the circumstances of the church of Belleville were peculiar. For valuable gifts, and assistance to the church, the consis- tory had bound themselves on certain conditions to allow John Schuyler to have a vote with the consistory, in calling any minister, and also to sign the call. Thus a right of patronage vested in the Schuyler family. But, about 1753, Mr. H. made a remark which greatly offended Mr. Schuyler. He now attempted to convoke the congregation without the consent of consistory. This offended the consistory ; Mr. S. became an Episcopalian, and went to the expense of having the Common Book of Prayer rendered into Dutch, and had an Episcopalian come and preach in the church. The consistory at length refused this privilege, but after a while in some way the church was for a time closed against Mr. Haeghoort, who preached on the steps. His 294 THE MINISTET. salary was also for a wliile witblield. At first Lis ministry was blessed with converts, but during the troubles very few were added to the churcli. He was a conservative member of Coetus, and was appointed to draw up tlie system of rules for the government of that body. In 1751 he protested against Coetus, because it gave redress to a church and not to a minister ; because it had an extraordinary clerk, ^nd because it had never been fully indorsed by Classis ! Some personal pique is evident. He joined the Con- f erentie when they organized, but not liking some of their proceedings, in 1760 he unceremoniously left them. He never signed the articles of union, and though he ministered at Belleville till 1776, he seems to have held him- self aloof from all ecclesiastical bodies. — See Amst. Cor. ; many letters ; Tay- lor's Annals of the CI. Bergen. Hev. T. W. Wells' Hist. Dis. at Marlboro', 1877. Publications : Keten der Goddelyke Waarheeden die men geloven en be- trachten moet om seelig warden in haar natuurlyk verband Kortlyk. ..same geschalelt.. .by G. H., predicant te Second River. N.Y. 1738. pp. v+38. {Coj»y in N. J. Hist. Soc, Miseel. Pamphlets, Vol. V.) Haeselbarth, Wm. G., 1. CI. Paramus, 1856, w. c. 1856-73. Hagambn, Andrew, b. at Readington, N. J., 1850 ; R.C. 1871, N.B.S. 1874, lie. CI. Philadelphia, May 27 ; Queens, July 0, 1875— Hagar, Hendrick, East and West Camp, and Schoharie, 1711-17. . Hagkmbn, Andbbw J., b. in N.J., 1837; R.C. 18G0, N.B.S. 1863; 1. CI. Raritan, 1863 ; Hagaman's Mills, 1863— Hagemen, Chas. S., R.C. 1837, P.S. 1843, 1. CI. N.B. 1843 ; Nyack, 1843-53, Poughkeepsie, 2d, 1853-70, Freehold, 2d, 1870-8, w.c. D.D. by R.C. 1863. Publications : Address on the Death of Miss E. H. McLellen, before the Young Ladies' Institute at Poughkeepsie. 1856. — God, the Nation's Safety. Christian Intelligencer, October 15, 1863. — Address at the Funeral of Mrs. Sarah E. McEckron, wife of Rev. George M. McEckron, pastor of First Re- formed Dutch Church, Poughkeepsie. 1864. — Ministerial Support. Christian ' Intelligencer, 1865. — The Support of the Ministry a Divine Institution. Christian Intelligencer, 1866. — Address at the One Hundred and Fiftieth An- niversary of FifSt Reformed Churcli, New-Brunswick. 1867. — Address at Funeral of Hon. Peter Vredenburgh, Associate-Justice Supreme Court of New-Jersey. Memorial, 1873. — Address at Funeral of Frances Van Vranken, wife of Rev. J. McC. Holmes, D.D. Memorial, 1875. — Articles on Divorce of our College and Seminary ; Ordination of Elders ; Facts worth Noting and Queries worth Considering, in Christian Intelligencer. A Lecture on Wen- dell Phillips, in Daily Press, of Poughkeepsie. Tax on Incomes, in iV". T. Times. ' Hagemen, Jas. Winthrop, (s. of Chas. S. Hagemen,) b. at Nyack, N.Y. , Mar. 18, 1853 ; C.N.J. 1872, U.S. 1875, lie. CI. Monmouth ; [Wausau, Wis. Presb. 1875-.] THE MINISTEY. 295 [Hager, Jolin Frederick, officiated at tlie marriage of Conrad Weiser, ia Scboliarie, Nov. 23, 1720.]— SarbausJi's Lives, ii. 373. Doc. Hist. iii. 418, 431. Col. Hist. V. 215, 515. Haines, Matthias L., b. at Aurora, Ind., 1850 ; Wab. Col. 1871, U.S. 1874, lie. Presb. Whitewater, Ind., Apr. 8, 1874 ; ord. N. CI. L.I. May 27, 1874 ; Astoria, 1874— Haliday, Thos., studied under Livingston, 1. 1806 ; Prepbyt. Hall, Baynard R., b. in PliiladelpHa, 1798, C.N.J, and TJ.C. 1820, P.S. 1823 ; Bloomington, Ind., and Prqf. in University of Indiana, 1823-31, Bedford, Pa., 1831-8, teaclier successively in Bordentown, Trenton, Pouglikeepsie, Newburgh, Brooklyn, 1838-46, enters R.D.C. In Brooklyn he was prin- cipal of the Park Institute, 1852- . .. Died 1863, Jan. 23. D.D. by E.G. 1848. His father was a surgeon, the eminent Dr. John Hall, and connected with Gen. Washington's staff. He was left an orplian at the early age of three or four. His father left him a large fortune, but, through some mismanage- ment, he never came into the possession of any of it. Large tracts in Penn- sylvania and South-Carolina are yet known as the " Hall claim." The celebrated Dr. Rush, of Philadelphia, was his guardian, and did his utmost for his youthful charge. Great attention was paid to his early edu- cation, in the hope of his making an eminent lawyer ; but with his conver- sion his heart was turned to the minislry. He frequently held high and important positions as teacher. During his latter years, with much of the spirit of his Master, he had been preaching the Gospel to the poor in Brook- lyn. These shed teara of sorrow over his lifeless remains. Dr. Hall had ability, as an author and a scholar, of the first rank. One of the professors of Princeton remarked at his graduation, " Young Hall in ten or twelve years is likely to be at the head of one of the first institutions of learning in our country." He has written several works which have marked him as a correct scholar, a master of " all styles," and a vigorous thinker. His talents received some of the most flattering commendations. His Latin Grammar, published when thirty years of age, ranked him among the first classical scholars. " The New Purchase ; or. Seven Years in the West," was very popular when published, and the author was said to be, in a British review, "a master of all styles." Several later works from his pen are characterized by a like scholarly merit. He was distinguished not only for high intellectual culture and refine- ment, but by delightful conversational powers, to which an incessant current of humor lent animation and brilliancy, and to which the cordial kindness of his nature gave geniality. His life, influenced by the strongest religious convictions as well as by inherent charity, was spent in labors of beneficence, which were only interrupted by a final illness. — Re's. James Le Vevre. PvMications : The New Purchase ; or. Seven Years in the West. 1843. (See Index to Princeton Review, p. 187.) — A New and Compendious Latin Grammar. Something for Everybody. 1843. — Teaching, a Science. The Teacher, an Artist. (See Princeton Mev. 1843.) — Frank Freeman's Barber- shop. — Theories of Education. Princeton Mev. 1843. 296 THE MrNISTKY. Hall, David B., U.C. 1839, P.S. 1843, 1. Pawlett Assoc. Vt. 1841 ; (supplied Wallingford, Vt., 1841-3, Middle Granville, 1843-4;) ord. Evang. by Cong. Ap. 39, 1846; Columbia, S.S. 1844-8; also supplied, Henderson, 1847, (and Harpersfield, Del. Co., N.T., Presb. 1849,) Cleveland, 1850-3, S.S. Lawrenceville, 1853, New-Rhinebeclc, S.S., and Cobleskill, 1853-5, Princetown, 1855-63, Princetown a^ain, 1865-9, \v. c. PuUieations : Genealogy of the Hall Family. (MSS.) Soon to be pub- lished ; to consist of about 500 pages 8vo, with plates. Hall, John G., Fort Plain, 1858-03. Halloway, William W., E.G. 1839, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1843 ; Amity, 1843-49, Albany, 3d, 1849-53, Miss. North-Brooklyn, 1853-5, now Lee Avenue, Brooklyn, 1855-59, Flushing, 1859-65, Broadway Ch., Pater- son, 1865-73, Battle Creek, 1873 ; Presbyterian. PubUcaiions : Fun. Ser. on Death of Rev. G. R. Williamson, in Cypress Wreath. Halloway, William Whiteman, Jr., (s. of W. W. Halloway,) b. in N.T. 1848, U.N.Y. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. N. CI. L.I.; Belleville, 1867-71, Jersey City, 1st, 1871-6, (Dover, N.J., Presb., 1876—.] Halsey, Abram Oothout, b. N.Y. 1793 ; U.C. 1833, P.S. 1837 ; N. and S. Hampton, 1839-67, d. D.D. by R.C. 1859. He was a man of child-like spirit, esteeming others better than himself. Ho was diflSdeut about preaching before other ministers, yet he had excel- lent gifts. He was unsuspicious. While mighty to wield the weapons of war against Christ's enemies, it was a fault that he knew not how to defend himself. He was also a man of catholic spirit. He had no war with other sects. With well-settled views of his own, he cared not to dispute. His charitableness was unbounded. He was the highest style of an old-school Christian gentleman. His sympathies were also remarkable. He had a way of talking to the afflicted, of addressing a little child, of listening to a story of distress, that few equal, and his prayers were possessed of peculiar unc- tion. He was eminent as a preacher. New-York and Philadelphia sought his services when in middle life, but he remained in his first charge. He had great vigor of health, was an athletic man, and a severe student. When in middle life, with full voice, and large presence, and gleaming eye, and great thoughts, as he stood in his pulpit, Le was overwhelming, sometimes iielting his congregation with the pity and tenderness of the cross, and then coming down like an avalanche of rock upon the fortresses of dark- ness. The Bible was his great study, and to illustrate and corroborate its- truths he delved into all modern science, ransacking and rifling the astro- nomical, geological, botanic, and mineralogical worlds. He had great originality of intellect, and spoke literally extempore. He sometimes talked in parables and allegories. There was no hollow cant, no whining sentimentality about liim, but a manly carriage of Christian behavior that showed the world he loved Christ. THE MINISTEY. 297 Hamilton, Wm., from Presbyt. of Belfast, Ireland, 1857; New-Prospect, 1857-63. Hammond, Ebeu S., E.G. 1839, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. L.I. 1843 ; Stone-House Plains, 1843^, GallupvUle, 1844-53, Prattaville, 1853-4, S.S. Canajoliarie, 1854r-6, Columbia, 1856-8, seceded {Schraalenburgh secession, 1858-60, sus- pended,} returned ; Miss, "to Closter City, 1863-4, w. c. Died 1873. — See Fan. Ser. ly Dr. W. R. Gordon. Hammond Israel, N.B.S. 1831 ; Owasco, 1831-9, Mt. Morris, 1843-5, Gorliam, 1847-50, emeritus, 1856. Hammond, Jolin W., b. in Esopus, 1819 ; N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. Ulster, 1848; Shokan, 1848-9, Grahamville, 1849-53, Shokan, 1853-6, Mobawk, 1856-9, Queens, 1859-63, Grahamville and S.S. Upper Neversink, 1863-7, Shokan and Shandaken, 1867-73, Koxbury, 1873-5, d. 1876, Nov. 33. Haxdt, Wm. C, (from Presbt. Ch.,) Schoharie, 1874— Hangen Jacob W., b. 1805 ; Columbia and Warren, 1839-33, Mapletown and Currytown, 1833-6, Mt. Pleasant, 1836-8, Upper Red Hook, 1838-40, d. 1843. HAsrsEN, Matoiicb G., E.C. 1856, N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. New- York, 1859; Gravesend, 1859-71, Coxsackie, 1871— Pviblications : Translation of a portion of the Dutch report of addresses by members of the Evangelical Alliance at Amsterdam. Christian Intelli- gencer. — ^Various contributions to the Soldier's Friend. — In Memoriam : Wal- ton S. Stoutenburgh. 1873. — Obituary of Rev. Ansou F. Munn. Christian Intelligencer, 1877. — Translation of the " Klagte," or Complaint of Certain Members of the Reformed Dutch Church of Raritan, etc., against Rev. J. T. Frilingbuisen and his Consistory in 1733. This was written by Lawyer Boel, of New- York, in 1735, and consisted of 171 pages in Dutch. English MSS., 328 pages. 1877. — Translation of the pamphlets of Revs. Ritzema and Leydt, on the Coetus Controversy. 1760-3. English MSS., 1878.— Trans- lation of Rev. C. Van Sautvoord's defense of Frelinghuysen, entitled " A Dialogue between Considerans and Candidus." 1736. English MSS., 1878. In addition to these, the Amsterdam Correspondence (embracing nearly 1,000 letters and documents, 1640-1776) has recently been translated, and is now undergoing revision and annotation. All these documents are absolutely necessary for the elucidation of the early ecclesiastical history of New- York and New-Jersey, and should be published. Hardenbergh, Chs., b. , studied under Froeligh, 1. CI. Paramus, 1803; Warwick, 1804-8, Bedminster, 1808-30, Greenwich, N.Y.C., 1820-1, d. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1813.— See Fan. Ser. by Rev. C. T. Demarest, 1821. PvMicatioTia : A Ser. at Bedminster, 1818. A couple of his sermonsi of 1813 and 1815 have recently been printed in "Banner of Truth." 298 THE MINISTEY. Hardenbergh, Jacob Rutsen, b. at Eosendale, N. Y. ,1738, studied under Jolin Frelinglmysen, 1. by the American Classis, 1758 ; Raritan, Bedminster, Nortli-Brancb, (now Readington,) Ne-Slianic, and Millstone, (now Har- liugen,) 1758-61, visited Holland, 1761-3, Ekritan, Bedminster, and North- Branch, 1763-81, Marbletown, Rochester, and Wawarsing, 1781-6, Ne-w- Bruuswick and also Pres., of Qneens College, 1785-90, d. Nov. 3. He was one of the original trustees of Q.C. A.M. by C.N.J. 1770. S.T.D. by C.C. 1789. He was son of Johannes Hardenbergh, a colonel in the N. Y. militia. Jlis father was Cornelius, who lived and died at Kingston, and the latter's father was Johannes, who lived in N.Y.C. and immigrated to America about the middle ot the seventeenth century. The family held an influential po- sition in the colony from the earliest period. His literary education was not BO extensive as might be desired, enjoying only the advantages of the Acad- emy of Kingston, N. Y. No facts have been preserved in regard to the time or circumstances of his conversion ; but that he must have devoted himself to the work of the gospel ministry in very early life, is evident from the fact that he was actually licensed to preach when only twenty years of age. While pui'suing his theological studies at Raritan, his preceptor, Rev. John Frelinghuysen, dying suddenly, he was chosen his successor, and immedi- ately entered upon his labors in a very wide and important field. From his first appearance in th6 pulpit, no doubt was entertained that he was des- tined to be one of the distinguished lights of his profession, an expectation which was abundantly realized. His ministry while connected with his first pastoral charge, reaching through a period of twenty-three years, was a remarkable illustration of his ability, energy, and conscientious devotion to his peculiar work. He was not gifted with a strong physical constitution, but was sustained by great firmness of purpose and a spirit of entire consecration to his master. He was not, indeed, blessed with any marked outpouring of the Spirit upon his congregations, and there were no times of large ingatherings. But this, no doubt, is accounted for by the difBculties he encountered and the adverse circumstances of the times. His ministry occupied the important period of the distracting controversy between the Coetus and Conlerentie parties, and in bis own field of labor the dispute was carried on with unusual violence. At one time the contest became so absorbing that the regular ministrations of the gospel were sadly interrupted. Mr. Hardenbergh warmly espoused the cause of the evangelical party, and in connection with the prominent ministers of the denomination exerted a powerful influence in accomplish- ing the independent organization of the Dutch Church. During the pro- gress of this controversy he made a voyage to Europe, for the purpose of bringing over to this country his widowed mother-in-law, and he was the first minister ordained in America who had visited Holland. It is gene- rally understood that while abroad he exerted a very beneficial influence on behalf of his cause, and deserves much of the credit of the final adjust- ment of all difficulties. In addition to this violent ecclesiastical contest, Mr. Hardenbergh's min- THE MINISTBY. 299 istry at Earitan was cast during the stormy period of the Revolutionary War. The section of country occupied by liis congregations liad its full share of sufferings. At an early period of the conflict, his fellow-citizens called him to a seat in the convention that formed the Constitution of New-Jersey, and for several sessions he was a member of the General Assembly of the State. As to his political knowledge and patriotism, his associates in oflBce testified their confidence by appointing him chairman of important committees, and intrusting to him much of the business of legislation. From the whole of his record during the contest with Great Britain and after the restoration of peace, we must rank him among the warmest friends of liberty. His public zeal on behalf of his country often provoked the enmity of his Tory neighbors, and his life was frequently endangered. Ho often slept with a loaded musket by the side of his bed. On one occasion, an expedi- tion of the Queen's Eangers, under command of Colonel Simcoe, besides ac- complishing their immediate object, fired the church edifice of Mr. Harden- bergh, and burnt it to the ground. The loss was severely felt by the con- gregation, and was not rebuilt until some time after the war had closed. It was not to be expected that a ministry occupying a period of so great con- flict would be equally successful as if the region had been in a state of peace. But the services he rendered his country were not permitted to interfere with his duties to the Church. He was not only a patriot but a Christian minister, and in this most important sphere he studied to make every other consideration subserve. The trustees of Princeton College conferred upon him the degree o^ Doctor of Divinity at the age of thirty-three. He took a. leading part in the estahlishment of Queens College, and was unanimously appointed the first President of that institixtion.' This position he was induced to accept in connection with the pastorate of the church in the city of New-Bruns- wick. Although he had labored with great industry during the early part of his ministry, yet the amount of work that he now discharged was much greater than at any preceding period. Besides acting as teacher in the several branches of study pursued in the college, as a minister and pastor he was not excelled. His friends were often apprehensive that he was t.iskiug himself beyond his powers of endurance, and ventured to expostu- late with him on the subject ; but, realizing the importance of his efforts, he could not be persuaded to abandon the work of the ministry nor leave his post as President of the College. He gave early indications of pulmo- nary disease, and finally fell a victim to this affection. The closing scene was a triumph of grace. His last words were, " I am going to cast my crown before the throne. Now I shall go to rest, for I shall go to be with the Lord. Hosanna!" Dr. Hardenbergh was naturally a man of strong mind and of extensive attainments, and in his day was justly regarded as one of the pillars of the Eeformed Dutch Church. On four different occasions he was chosen Presi- dent of General Synod, and be was long regarded as second only to Dr. Liv- ingston, with whom he constantly co-operated in all public movements. His call to the Presidency of the College shows the estimation in which he was 300 THE MINISTRY, lieU as a scliolar and disciplinarian, as -vcell as a divine. He labored under the disadvantages of a small endowment, few assistants in giving instrnc- tion, and the want of proper facilities in the way of library, buildings, and apparatus. His analysis of sermons speaks for both the vigor of his intel- lect and the thoroughness of his theological education. His pastorate at New-Brunswick was eminently successful. He believed the doctrines of grace, and preached them with vigor and perspicuity. To win souls to Christ was his earnest desire. What he taught to others he reduced to practice in his own life and conversation. At each communion season he welcomed numbers into the church, and his entire ministry seems to have been a continual revival, a most blessed close to a most useful and laborous life. He was eloquent in the pulpit, and impressed every one with his tone of devotional feeling — a minister eminently beloved by all who knew him.* — Bev. Dr. Jt. H. Steele. See Fiin. Ser. by Bev. Peter Studdeford, 1790. See Mag. B.D. O. ii. 347.— Gunn's Limngston, ed. 1856, p. 380. — Dr. Messlefs Memorial Sermons and Mist. Notes, 1874. — Sprague's Annals. — McCUntoch's Cyc. Hardenbergh, James B., U.C. 1831, N.B.S. 1834, 1. by CI. N.B. 1824; Princetown and Helderbergh, 1834-5, New-Brunswick, 1835-9, Orchard st. N.T.C. 1829-30, Rhinebeck, 1830-6, Philadelphia 1st, 1836-40, Franklin St., now 23d st., N.Y.C. 1840-50, w. u. Died 1870. Elected a trustee of B.C. 1835. Ho was born in the town of Eochester, Ulster Co., N.T., on the 28th of June, 1800, and was eminently favored in the advantages he enjoyed in youth and the religious influences that were thrown around him in early life. His father was a man of deep' piety, one of the pillars of the churchy * On his settlement at Raritan, he married the widow of Rev. John Frelinghuysen, to whose influence he was indebted in no small degree for his eminent usefulness. The char- acter which she has left behind her, under the familiar name of the Juf row Hardenbergh, distinguished her as one of the most remarkable v/omen of her day. Her maiden name • was Dinah Van Berg. She was bom in Amsterdam, in 1725. Her father was a wealthy merchant, extensively engaged in the East-India trade, who reared his family iu all the fashion and refinement of the metropolis, but without any instruction in religion. She be- came the subject of divine grace in early youth, and was remarkable for her rapid attain- ments in godliness and faith. Her naturally strong intellect was developed by her early education, and she retained her mental vigor down to old age. She felt from her early years that she had a work to do in the Church. She became acquainted with John Frelinghuysen while he was pursuing his theological studies in Am- sterdam, and became his wife. After her husband's early death, she was on the point of em- barking again for Holland with her two children, when Mr. Hardenbergh made her an offer of marriage, and she became an efficient co-worker with him in his important services to his country and Church. She was a woman of great intelligence, an extensive reader and correspondent, and her influence was felt throughout the denomination. She kept an elaborate journal, exhibit- ing great spirituality and intellectual vigor. In the interval between the services on the Sabbath, she failed not to improve the time for religious conversation. She died at the ad- vanced age of eighty-two, in 1807. Tradition yet loves to dwell upon her virtues;. The original journal, now handsomely hound, is in the archives of General Synod. A transla- tion made by the late Eev. Wm. Bemarest, and in possession of his family, ought to be purchased and deposited in the archives. THE MINISTKT. 301 and of good repute among all men. His motlier was of Huguenot descent, inheriting all the sterling virtues -wliicli belong to tliat heroic race. For generations, on both sides of the house, he was of a godly stock, and the first unfolding of his mind was under the most auspicious influences. He devoted himself to the work of the ministry when he was yet young, and all his plans in life were shaped with that single object before his mind. His preparation for college was made under the instruction of his pastor, Kev. Mr. Murphy, a man of ripe scholarship, under whose training he re- ceived a thorough classical education. He was associated during his entire literary and theological course with some of the most prominent clergymen of our church, and he entered the ministry at a time when a spirit of new vigor and enterprise was everywhere manifesting itself. He began his labors in a large country congregation in the vicinity of Albany, and entered at once, with that remarkable earnestness for which he was always dis- tinguished, upon the work of building up a church which very greatly needed prudent and watchful supervision. From this first field he was very soon called to positions of more prominence, and by successive removals be- came the pastor of churches in New-Brunswick, Philadelphia, and New- York ; and in them all he proved himself to be a most faithful, honorable, and efiicient minister of the gospel. Whether we take into view the native cast of his mind, his domestic training, which could not be excelled, the superior advantages he enjoyed in the prosecution of both his academical and theological course, or the important fields of labor which he was suc- cessively called to occupy, we must surely come to the conclusion that he was favored above the generality of men who are called to this laborious and responsible service. And all these advantages and talents he turned to good account, improving every opportunity with exemplary dilligence and fidelity. There was a remarkable completeness and symmetry in the formation of his character, and those who knew him were accustomed to observe that the various qualities that went to make up the man were all well balanced. He had a sound, discriminating mind, a ready and. retentive memory, in which were carefully treasured the results of study and observation. His taste was uncommonly exact, which exhibited itself in all of his public per- formances ; he was distinguished for his remarkable knowledge of human nature, and for the possession, in a high degree, of that excellent quality, common sense, which is so very important in order to an honorable and use- ful life. He was constituted with an unusual share of benevolent feeling. Kindness was one of the first principles of his nature. It was pictured upon his benevolent countenance ; it breathed in every utterance from his lips ; it impressed every one who came in contact with him by his bland and kindly manner ; and it found expression in the artless simplicity and tenderness of his whole life. This characteristic fitted him in an eminent manner for the work of the pastorate, in which department of church work, according to the judgment of Dr. Bethune, who had the very best opportunity to form his opinion, he very greatly excelled. His manner among the families of his people was engaging, popular, and instructive. He had the rare art of 302 THE MINISTEY. avoiding tlie formality wliicli is so often connected witli the work of visita- tion, and could turn it, as few liave tlie ability, into an occasion of spiritual profit to the different members of the household. He had the faculty of drawing the children around him, as many who have grown up under Lis ministry very pleasantly remember. In the sick-room he was always re- ceived as a friend as well as a pastor and counselor, and no one could have been his superior in the homes of bereavement and trouble. This benevo- lent cast of his mind fitted him to deal with those numerous cases which are occurring in the ministry, requiring kind and cautious treatment, and as a healer of dissensions he was very eminent and uniformly successful. When he assumed the charge of the Franklin-street Church, he found it in a most deplorable state of anarchy and confusion. A long period of vacancy, with the distractions which are incident to the system of candi- dating, had stirred up bitter strifes among conflicting parties. The church seemed to be on the border of extinction, and many thought that its light must go out. But his appearance among them was like oil poured on the troubled waters. He knew no parties among them, and worked only for the good of their souls and the glory of the Master. And the result was seen in the new strength imparted to every interest and the' large ingather- ing of precious souls. And yet he was firm and decided in all matters that required such manner of dealing. He had a high sense of honor, and was the very soul of integrity in speech and behavior. When a ease came to his notice in which there was a manifest exhibition of wrong-doing, he could utter himself in words of stern and indignant rebuke. ' He was a man of strong convictions, and valued them highly, and it was his way to adhere to them with unwavering fidelity in all matters which he deemed to be of importance. As a preacher he was able, instructive, and forcible, and in this part of his work he must certainly be classed among the best of his time. His sermons were distinguished by a most careful regard to method ; they were always clearly analyzed and written in good taste, and abounded in a full presentation of evangelical truth. His voice was clear and penetrating; his utterance measured and emphatic, his gestures were strong but not very abundant, and his whole manner in the pulpit was most afiectionate, im- pressive, and dignified. He never startled his hearers with any questionable statements, and never oflEended in the least degree by the presentation of untimely topics. He was a scriptural and practical preacher, and his fervor was most intense, exhibiting itself on special occasions, as on communion seasons, when he would overflow with emotion and pour out his soul in words of unsurpassed tenderness. His very appearance was that of a guileless minister of Christ. In stature he was above the usual standard, and presented a most commanding physical presence. His frame was well proportioned, and he moved along .the streets with a firm and vigorous step, and in an upright form. His countenance was pleasant and strongly marked with tho characteristics for which he was distinguished. He would attract attention from strangers by his dignified and noble bearing. He THE MINISTET. 303 was a CUristian gentleman of tlie purest type, and a minister of God in wliose lips tlLeye was no guile. We may add to tliis review of his cliaracter that be was favored in liis opportunities for doing good, and in tlie results whicli attended liis labors. He was a very diligent worker, attending to all tlie details of tbe ministerial office, and discbarging every part of bis duties well. Conversions were numerous in all tbe fields to wbicb God called bim. His pastorate at Pbiladelpbia was sbort, covering only about four years. But it was blessed witb large ingatberings. During tbis period two hundred and twenty-two persons were added to tbe communion. It was a time of con- tinuous revival, and tbat cburcli looks back to that time as a season of great prosperity and enlargement. In Xew-York be was instrumental in introducing into tbe cburcb a, number of young men who, encouraged by his example and his enthusiasm i^ work, entered upon tbe gospel ministry. Some of these have passed away, but several are still doing acceptable ser- vice both in our own and other denominations. With a constitution broken down from excessive labors, he was forced to relinquish bis charge in 1856, but not until he bad seen the new cburcb erected on Twenty-third street entirely freed from debt, well filled with worshipers, and in complete working order. The beginnings of disease were visible in his naturally strong constitution, and by the advice of physicians he spent some years in traveling. But wherever we find him he is seen to be engaged in the work wbicb be so greatly loved, preaching Christ. He spent some months at tbe South, and churches at Savannah, Augusta, and Macon, where he preached for several weeks, would gladly have retained bim for their pastor. He went abroad to try tbe mineral waters of tbe Continent, and at Havre, where he spent considerable time, he went down to the docks and taught the sailors, who thought there never was such a wonderful man. Eeturn- ing to Ms home in Sew-Tork somewhat recruited, he again sought employ- ment for his Master, and found it in missionary work in a neglected part of the city. Here again be is seen toiling for Christ and souls in bis usual earnest way ; going into lanes and alleys among the poor and destitute, in shop and store, with tbe message of salvation. And at each communion season be had bis reward in the joy of ingathering. But infirmities grew npon him, and he became entirely unable to engage in any active service. His peaceful death occurred on tbe morning of January 24, 1870. — Mev. Dr. B. B. Steele. Publicationn : Art. in Sprague's Annals on Eev. 0. Bork. — Efficacy of Prayer. In Pulpit Repository, 1850. Baring, Garret A., I. ly Seceders, 1865 ; ScJiraaUnburgh, 1868 — (Harkness, Jas., b. 1803 in Scotland; S.S. Franklin st., N.T.C., 1840; d. 1878.) Harlow, S. (Washington Hollow, N.Y.), From Assoc. N.T. 1839 ; Shokan, 1839-49, Samsonville, 1853-8, emeritus, d. 1861. He was a physician in early life, and a great friend of the temperance 304 THE MINISTRY. cause. But liis love for souls would not permit liim to continue only in secular employments, and he sought the ministry. The prominent trait in his character was unbounded love for the Saviour. He was a man of deep humility and retiring modesty. His sacrifice of self on all occasions was carried to a rare extent. In great suffering he was unwilling to make his circumstances known, though his income was altogether inadequate to his comfort. His labors in the cause of Christ were faithful and earnest, while he cared personally for nothing but the absolute necessities of life. The pains which he suffered can not be described, and these continued almost daily for many years ; yet he continued to preach, though each effort added to his affliction. In his dying moment he exclaimed, as if in exultation, " This is deatlv ! death !" Harpbb, Jos. A., b. Ireland, Sept. 30, 1839; c. to America, 1850 ; R.C. 1873, N.B.S. 1875, lie. CI. N.B. 1875 ; Cortlandtown, May 25, 1875— Harriman, Orlando, C.C. 1835, N.B.S. 1888, 1. 01. N.Y. 1838; Hurley, Jan.-July, 1840; became Episcopalian. Harris, Henry R., S.S. New-Concord, 1873-4. Harbis, Howard, b. at Belleville, N.J., July 29, 1848; E.G. 1873, N.B.S. 1876, lie. CI. Newark ; Unionville, 1876— Harris, J. Ferguson, b. N.Y.C. ; B.C. 1853, N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. N.Y. 1856; Cold Spring, 1856-7, Pompton Plains, 1858-67, Hurley and N. Marble- town, 1867-76, Hurley, 1876-8, w. c. Hart, Charles E., b. at Freehold, N.J. ; C.N.J. 1858, P.S. 1861, 1. Presbyt. N.Y. 1860; ord. by same, Dec. 6, 1863; [40th st. Presbyt. Ch. N.y!c. 1863-7 ;] Newark, North, 1867— Hart, John, b. in Pa., 1843 ; R.C. 1869, N.B.S. 1873, lie. CI. Philadelphia ; Locust Valley, 1872-5, Neshaine, 1875— Hartley, Isaac Smithson, b. N.Y.C. Sept. 30, 1830; N.Y.U. 1852, U.S. 1853-4, A.S. 1854-6, Res. Lie. 1857-8 ; 1. by Andover Assoc. 1856 ; Union Ch. Sixth av. N.Y.C. 1864-9, Philadelphia, 2d, 1870-1, Utica, 1871— Elected a trustee of B.C. 1873. D.D. by R.C. 1873. Ptiblications : Sermon on Transfiguration of Christ. National Preacher, 1865.— Revivals (a series of articles on). Christian, Intelligencer, 1866-7.— Testimony of Profane History to the Coming of a Saviour. American Theo- logical Review, 1869. — How to reach the Masses. — Thanksgiving Sermon. — Anniversary Address before the City Tract Society of Philadelphia. Phila- delphia inquirer, 1870.— A " Charge" to a Pastor. Christian TnteUigencer, 1871.— The "Vedder Lectures," 1874. Prayer, its Relation to Modern Thought and Criticism. 1874.— Oration, " Decoration Day," 1874.— Several Hymns. — Welcome Address State ■ Sunday-school Convention; several dis- courses on the Cities of Palestine, Memorials of the;East,the Great Religions of the World, etc. etc. Utica Herald, 1875-7. THE MINISTpY, 305 Haktkanft, Chester D., (son-in-law of J. F. Berg ;) TT. Pa. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Phil. 1864 ; South-Bushwick, 1864-6, New-Brunswick, 2d, 1866-78, Prof, of Bib. and Ecc. Hist, in the Hartford Theolog. Seminary, Ct. (Cong.) 1878—. Mus. D. by B.C. 1861 ; D.D. by K.C. 1876. Publications : The Moral Ideas which controlled the American Govern- ment during the First Century of its Existence. Address before the New- Brunswick Historical Club, 1875. — The Importance of Cherishing a Historic Spirit. Centennial Discourse, No. XXII. 1876. — The Aims of a Theological Seminary; an Address before the Alumni Assoc, June 7, 1877. — Transla- tion and Enlargement of the Exposition of Numbers and Deuteronomy in Lange's Commentary. Hasbrouck, J. E. H. Studied under Froeligh, 1. 1808 ; Klein, Esopns, and Bloomingdale, 1809-13, Charlestown, 1st, and Canajoharie, (Mapletown and Westerlo ?) 182U-0, Root, now Carrytown, 1826-30, w. c. 1830-44. Hazknberg, Wm. H.C. 1872, H.S. 1875, lie. CI ; Fulton, 111., 1875-7, Passaic, (Hoi.,) 1877— Hastings, S. M. P. Ham. C. 1883, Aub. Sem. 1837, 1. Presbyt. Oneida, 1837; Vernon, N.T., 1839-48, Pompey, 1848-55, Chittenango, 1855-60, Coxsackie, 1860-70, Kochester, 1870-6, d. Feb. 24. Haughevoort, see Haeghoort. [Hautz, Antliony, b. in Germany, 1758 ; c. to America, with his father, 1768, studied with Hendel, 1. by Ger. Coetus, 1787 ; Harrisburgh, etc. 1788-97, Carlisle, 1798-1803, Seneca Co. and Tompkins Co. N.T. 1803-13, Tomp- kins Co. 1813-15.] Hawthorne, Hugh, 1835. Hawxhurst, Dan. T. B.C. 1873, N.B.S. 1876. Hayt, S. A. 1868, w. c. Hedges, Hugh G. R.C. 1846, N.B.S., died, 1848. Heeren, Enne J., b. in Uttum, East-Priesland, Europe, Nov. 18, 1843; c. to U.S. with his parents in 1855 ; H.C. 1867, H.S. 1870, lie. and ord. by CI. Wisconsin, Feb. 7, 1872 ; journey to India, via San Francisco, Feb.-Apr. 1872, Mudnapilly and Palamanair, Fndia, 1872-7, voyage to America, 1877. . . ., d. Oct. 15, 1878, at Pueblo, Colorado. His undoubted piety, studious habits, and far-reaching conscientiousness gained for him solid confidence among his professors, fellow-students, and the circle of Christian people in which he moved. While yet a student, he liad, after much prayer and self-examination, devoted himself to the Foreign Missionary work. The Classes of Holland, Wisconsin, and Grand River accepted him as their representative in the foreign field, and became respon- sible for his salary. He was the only representative of our Church in the 20 306 THE MINISTET. Arcot mission wLile Dr. Chamberlain was in America. At the end of that time his system seems to have been entirely broken down. He had to return home, leaving, however, the remains of two little ones buried in Indian soil. It was hoped that under changed circumstances he might regain the usual vigor of a once strong constitution. His physicians recommended a change of climate and advised him to leave Foreston, 111., for Colorado. On his way thither they stayed with some of Mrs. Heeren's relatives in Orange City, Iowa. They were detained there by his own weakness and the ill- health of his wife. After some time, however, they were able to journey to Colorado, but only four days after their arrival in Pueblo, God took him to himself, and he rested from his labors. Thus a precious life was cut off in the beginning of its career of usefulness, the deceased brother being only thirty- six years of age. Born in Europe, he labored in the far East, and died in the far West. Although young, he was a good scholar and a devout Christian. Hbbrmancb, Edgab L., (s. of Henry Heermance;) Y.C. 1858, A.S. 1861, 1. by Cen. Assoc. New-Haven, 1861 ; Castleton, 1861-9, tour in Europe and Palestine, 1869-70, w. c. 1870-3. Heermance, Hahhison, b. at Rhinebeck, N.Y.; R.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1887, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, .... ; Currytowu and Mapletown, 1837-40, (Milton Presbyt. 1840-3,) Buskirk's Bridge, 1844-5, Medina, 1846-51, Jefferson and Pottsford, 1851-7, Macon, 1857-63, Chaplain 138th Eeg. N.Y.V. 18G4. Heermance, Henry, b. at Nassau, 1801, U.C, N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI. N.B. 1836 ; Ostrey Bay and Nortli-Hempstead, 183C-7, Miss, at Stuyvesant, 1827-8, Sand Beach, March-Nov. 1839, Blawenbergh, 1832-5, Kiuderhook, 1835- 6, died, 1846. From a child, he possessed strong character, activity, self-dependence, a spirit of inquiry and experiment, strong decision, and energetic action. He was a sort of " regulator" among the turbulent boys of his day, a hammer of the unruly ; and was looked up to by the weak and defenseless as a pat- ron and shield. Conscious of his strength, and proud of bearing sway, he never shrunk from any hazard to make filings right. A revival in Nassau was the means of giving a new direction to his life. With characteristic energy and zeal, he turned his back on the world, and devoted himself to the ministry. Domestic losses and afflictions made his early pastorates brief ; and at Kinderkook his incessant labors caused his own robust health to yield, compelling him, as he believed, to seek some active employment. He became at length an agent of the American Tract Society, and in his usefulness here far exceeded the highest expectations formed respecting him. He had a comprehensive and well-balanced judgment, up to the point where feeling becomes enlisted, when Jiis honest ardor somewhat blinded him as to remote results. His sensibilities were unusually keen, but they never prompted retaliation, nor had they any tincture of resentment. His energy was great, and his purpose indomitable. Hence when his sphere of THE MINISTEY. 307 action was limited, and liis mode of action defined, as was the case witli liis agencies, his executive efficiency was of the very highest order. As a preacher he was solemn, affectionate, earnest, pungent, lucid. His style was sententious, and his appeals direct and forcible. His general mode of preaching was to arouse the conscience, at times producing the greatest manifestations of awe even among Christians, and writhings under a sight and sense of their condition among sinners. Yet he was not deficient in ability to depict the beauties of holiness, and the grace and truth that came by Jesus Christ. He was stricken down by apoplexy in the midst of his days, j ast as he was resolving and entering on enlarged plans of usefulness. [Helffenstein, John C. A., b. in the Palatinate, 1748 ; University of Heidel- berg, ordained by the Synod of Holland, came to America, 1771 ; German- town, Pa., 1772-C, Lancaster, 1776-9, Gtermantown again, 1779-89, died, 1790.] The office of the ministry has had a succession in his family, from the time of the Reformation. John C. A. came to America in company with Revs. Mr. Gebhard and Helfferich. They called on Dr. J. H. Livingston in New-York, immediately on their arrival A severe storm on the passage over had led Mr. H. to consecrate himself more entirely to the service of God. While settled at Lancaster, he frequently preached to the Hessian captives quartered there. His sermons were very pointed, and often caused great excitement. He died of consumption: Four of his sons entered the ministry. His grandson, Jacob, is now the pastor of the old church of Ger- mantown, which has recently become Presbyterian. He was an eloquent, warm-hearted, and pungent preacher — preaching memoriter. His applications were peculiarly animated and impressive. His ministry was greatly blessed. Several small volumes of his sermons have been published, which testify to his unction, and his solemn aim of reaching the conscience and the heart. His son Samuel was pastor of the G. R. C. in Philadelphia, 1801-31. — Harbaugh's Lives. MoGlirUock's Gyc. [Helfferich, John H., b. in Hesse, 1739 ; University of Heidelberg, lie. 1761 ; came to America, 1771-3 ; Kutztown, De Lange, Weissenberg, Lowhill, Heidelberg, 1773-1810 ; also at Long Swamp, 1778, Upper Milford, 1779, Trexlerstown, 1784, Ziegle Ch. 1778 and Lyntown, 1804, d. 1810.] Lehigh County, Pa., at the time of his arrival, was in great spiritual de- clension. Mr. Schlatter's visits had not extended to this region. Mr. H.'s first work was to organize consistories. His labors were immense. During forty years they had been without regular instruction, and a worthy people had degenerated into almost a semi-civilized state. Irregular and dissolute pretenders had sometimes foisted themselves upon them as preachers, whose jives at length betrayed them, and disgraced religion. From such commu- aities, it may easily be understood that Mr. H., in his reformatory move- ments, met with considerable opp^ition. Yet many assisted him in his efforts, nor would any of the churches spare his services, though he often plead to be relieved from some of them. Many of his people had taken part in the insurrection, during President Adams's administration, and were in- 30S THE MINISTEY. debted to their pastor's influence for tlieir pardon, or a mitigation ot their sentence. Mr. H. was punctual and prompt, and therefore reliable. He was decided but mild, combining in a happy manner the authority and dignity of his ofiBce ■witli gentleness and mercy. He wrote his sermons, though he preached without notes. His delivery was rapid but distinct, and he had a musical voice. With a good education and a warm heart, he was regarded as a superior preacher. A son and several grandsons entered the ministry. — Ma/rbaugh's Lives. McClintock's Oyc. [Hendel, Wm., b. in the Palatinate, studied in Europe, c. to America, 1764 ; Lancaster, 17G5-0, Tulpehocken, 1769-83, Lancaster, 1783-94, Philadel- phia, 1794-8, d.] He was of fine personal appearance, and had a strong voice. He was earnest and devoted as a pastor, and of excellent pulpit talents. In the yellow-fever epidemic in Philadelphia, he remained faithful at his post. He was of an unsectarian spirit, and possessed considerable scientific knowledge. He is represented by his students as a man of prayer. Communion with God was a luxury to him. He would retire from company for the purpose of enjoying it. Harbaugh calls him the St. John of the German Reformed Church. Aged persons describe him as he appeared in his last years : His hair was long and white, his countenance serene and heavenly ; and his whole appearance beautifully venerable and saint-like. And though he could scarcely hold the hymn-book in his trembling hands, yet with true unction from above, and with holy earnestness and paternal affection, did the words of life and love fall from his anointed lips. He possessed in an extraordinary degree the gift of prayer. His public prayers always melted the hearts of the hearers. He seemed to bear their hearts into the very presence of God, so that tliey were overwlielmed with a sense of his near; ness, and softened by the power of his mercy and love. — Sarbaugh'a Lives, ii. 130. McClintoeh's Cyc. Hendricks, John, b. in Ehinebeck, 1783 ; U.C. 1808, studied under Brod- head and Livingston, lie. CI. N.Y. 1810 ; d. Aug. G, 1876. Although almost a centenarian, he was never settled in a pastoral charge. He lived on familiar terms with Drs. Knox, De Witt, Milledoler and McClel- land, Eomeyn, Brodhead, Westbrook, Gosman, Ostrander, and Abraham Van Nest, Hugh Maxwell, and many others, all of whom have passed away. He was welcomed to the homes of all of them, being regarded less as a casual guest or visitor than as one of the household. His quaint and origi- nal speech, his transparent guilelessness, his kindly, genial spirit, hia often striking and amusing views of men and things, his unaffected earnestness in maintaining the true and denouncing the false as he conceived it, together with a child-like faith and sincere pietjishining brightly through all, made I him a pleasant companion, an inmate of homes whose doors opened freely as he approached them. He was of rare and varied attainments in linguis. tic lore, and was unusually characterized by great soundness in the faith. THE MISriSTKY. 309 His piety was earnest and constant, and grew more and more assured as liis life waned. His love for his Cliurcli was ardent and abiding ; liis attach- ment to her forms and ordinances was worthy of imitation ; and in giving to Rutgers College his valuable classical library he gave proof of the loyal regard for the educational interests of the Church of his earliest and latest affection. Hendrickson, Henry A. E.C. 1875, N.B.S. 1878 ; lie. N. CI. L.l. ; Colt's Neck, 1878— Henkel, Wm. Philadelphia, G.R. 1794-S, d. of yellow-fever. [Henop, Fred L. (Easton, Pa., 1704-69 ?) Frederick, Middletown, and Glades, 1769-84, d.] Henry, Jas. Ternor, b. in Albany, N.T., Sept. 13, 1798^ C.N.J. 1815 ; P.S. 1821, lie. Presbyt. Albany, Oct. 24, 1821 ; tutor in C.N.J., 1831-3 ; ord. Presby. Aljiany, Oct. 8, 1823 ; [S.S. Waynesboro', Ga., 1833-4, S.S. New-Tork, 1st, 1834-5, Ballston, 1836-9, Sing Sing, 1835-41, all Presbyt.;] Ithaca, Mar. 4, 1846-9, supplied Jersey City, Ist, 1851, [S.S. at Gowanus, Fordham, and Buttermilk Falls, N.Y.] Died 1873, Mar. 14. Upon completing his college course he traveled in Europe for sil couple of years. During this tour he united with the church in Edinburgh, Scotland, at the age of eighteen. He was not a sensational preacher, but a most faith- ful proclaimer of the gospel. No powerful revival followed his labors, but there was a constant ingathering of souls. His frequent prayer was that he might stand behind the cross and hold up Christ. His farewell sermon at Ballston was published. Henshaw, Marshall, b. Bethany, Pa., Oct. 3, 1830 ; A.C. 1^845, U.S. 1846-7 ; tutor in Am. Col. 1847-9, ord. by Cong. Feb. 1849; [Prin., Derry, N.H.. 1849-53, Prin., Byfield, Mass., 1853-9 ;] Prof. Nat. Pliil. and Math, in Rut- gers Coll., 1859-63 ; [Prin. WiUiston Sem., E. Hampton, Mass., 1863—] LL.D. by U.N.T., 1863 ; D.D. by A.C, 1873. [Herman, Lebrecht Frederick, b. in Germany, 1761 ; University of Halle, 1783, Bremen, 1782-5, c. to America, 1785; Easton, Plainfield, Dryland, and Greenwich, Pa., 1785-9, Germantown and Frankfort, Pa., 1790-1800, Swamp, Pottstown, and St. Vincent, Pa., 1800- . . , afterward in various places in Chester, Montgomery, and Berks Counties, Pa., d. 1848.] He was the last of the German ministers sent over under the care of the Classis of Amsterdam. The Synod of Holland represents him as a young man of great promise. He was a most laborious worker, preparing also five of his own sons for the ministry, and eight others, among whom was John Guldin. He labored in the ministry about sixty years, outliving all the missionaries sent over by the Synod of Holland. In old age he lost his sight, but he maintained a cheerful spirit, good health, and an unshaken hope. 310 THE MmiSTET. rieyer, Wm. S., b. in N.Y.G. 1798 ; CO. 1815, studied under Mason, 1817- 21, 1. 01. N.Y. 1831 ; supplied Philadelphia, 1831, and Newburgh, 1833, Fishkill Landing, 1833-31, emeritus, 1863, d. 1866. He designed to pursue the mercantile life, but he could not get rid of the idea that he must preach the gospel. He afterward learned that an emi- nent Christian lady had agonized in prayer that he might consecrate him- self to the ministry. His labors were not distinguished by extraordinary seasons of revival, but were blessed with constant accessions from the world, so that at one time the number of communicants, in proportion to the number of families, was larger than in any other church in the denomi- nation. He had not the qualities of the brilliant preacher, but was a scribe well instructed in the things of the kingdom, not neglecting the gift that was in him. His sermons were preeminently evangelical, earnest, solemn, af- fectionate in tone, and adapted to all classes. He ever remembered his position, though at all times singularly genial in temper, and accessible in demeanor. He was in an eminent degree a godly man. " It seems to me that brother Pleyer is always on the mount," said our missionary Young- blood, to a friend, after one of his calls. " How long do you expect to have your husband hero ?" said a lady to Mrs. H. , on leaving a daily prayer- meeting in Newburgh ; " he seems so ripe for heaven that I fear it cannot be long." After the relinquishment of his charge, he preached as opportu- nity offered, and labored in the jail. His character was a singularly well- balancfed one. Except his deep-toned piety, which was always visible, there was in it no single salient trait. He was so simple, straightforward, and natural, that his character was soon obvious. As a man and a minis- ter, he was ever loyal to conscience. Whatever duty was imposed upon him, he performed it, however painful it might be, and it was done kindly, tenderly, yet with decision. He was a man strong in the faith, and also in the form of sound words. He bowed to the authority of the divine word with the profoundest reverence. He could testify to the ineffable gracious- ness of the gospel, and its power to sustain under the keenest afflictions. It had not only delivered him from the fear of death, but created within him an eager desire to depart and be with Christ. Indeed, this was his or- dinary and habitual state of mind. The day before his death he said to his wife, ' A little more suffering, and then the crown ! I shall see Jesus I I shall be like him— like him ["—Mag. B.D.C. ii. 64, 74. Heyser, H. C, from Q.R. Ch. New-Brooklyn, 1867. Hicks, W.W., from Methodist Ch. Lee Avenue, Brooklyn, 1867-8. Publications : Story of Ike Cottle, 1868. HlGGiHS, Chs. W., b. in Somerset Co., N.J., Mar. 23, 1853; N.B.S. 1877, 1. CI. N.B.; supplying Cherry Hill; N.Y., 1878— Hill, Wm. J. N.B.S. 1873, lie. CI. Westchester ; Miss, at Milbrook, 1872, East New- York, 1875— THE linflSTET. 311 HlLiMAN, Alex. C. C.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI N.T. 1836 ; Stoneliouse Plains, 1836-41, Vanderveer, 1841-3, Eoxbury and MoresvUle, 1843-5, Wurtsboro, 1846-9, Blue Mountain, 1853-8, w. c. Died 1876, Nov. 30. HnmOD, John S. E.G. 1839, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. Albany, 1843 ; Hills- dale, 1843-3, Claverack, 3d, 1845-1851, S.S. Soutli-Busliwick, 1851-8, Soutli-Busliwick, 1853-9, Greenport, 1861— Publications: Address at Funeral of Eev. Edwin Holmes, 1874. Hitclicock, Edward W. Tompkinsville, 1860-5. [Hocbreutiner, Jobn Jacob, b. at St. Galls, Switz. Came to America, 1748, called to Lancaster, accidentally killed by the discliarge of a gun, Oct. 14, 1748.] [Hock, John Jacob, Lancaster, 1736-7.] HoEKJB, John, b. at Hellendoom, Hetbs., 1846; H.C. 1875, H.S. and N.B.S. 1878, 1. CI. Holland; Rotterdam, Kan., 1878— Hoes, John C. F. A.C. 1833, P.S. 1835, lie. by Presbyt. New-Brunswick. 1834 ; Chittenango, 1835-7, Itbaca, 1837-45, Kingston, 1845-67, resigned, •w. c. D.D. by U. C. 1853. , [His son, Koswell EandaU Hoes, b. Kingston, N.T., Feb. 28, 1850 ; C.N.J. 1871, P.S. 1875, 1. Nortli-Eiver Presbyt. Oct. 6, 1874, ord. by Monmoutli Presbyt. July 1, 1875 ; Mt. Holly, N.J., 1875-8, :N"ew-Eoclielle, N.T., 1878—] Hoff, Brogun, b. at Harlingen, 1794 ; Q.C. 1815, jS'.B.S. 1818, 1. CI; N.B. 1818 ; Pbiladelpbia, 2d (Eigbth st.) 1818-24, (Bridgeton, N.J. Presb. 1834-33, Batb, Pa., 1833-5,) Leeds and Kiskatom, 1835-43, Ebinebeck, 1843-50, Germantown, N.T., 1850-5, d. He was in person a man above medium size, compactly built, agile and strong ; liis countenance was open and expressive, bis eye light blue and very pleasant, his hair fine and a glossy brown, and in his later days was worn long. He was of a social turn, fond of his friends, and enjoying him- self greatly among them and in his family, to which he was attached with uncommon tenderness. He was of excellent memory and quick apprehen- sion, so that his conversation was sprightly and instructive. He did not incline to literary pursuits as such, but was thoroughly versed in the- ology, and fond of doctrinal discussion. In the pulpit his voice was clear, strong, and well modulated, his position and action manly and free, and his sermons deeply scriptural, experimental, and earnest. In personal appeals his manner and voice were tender, and his eye almost always moistened with tears. He inclined to strongly evangelical and doctrinal preaching, and argued with g^reat power- upon all the essential principles of our faith ; was fond of preaching courses of sermons upon the history or chiefly im- portant doctrines of redemption. Seldom indeed did he preach upon any other than the most "vital themes of revelation. He was a student of Dr. 312 TUB MINISTRY. Jolin H. Livingston, whose granddaughter Sarah he married, but lost her by an early death. His second wife was Caroline Clay, who survives him, the beloved mother of a large and interesting family. Mr. Hoff enjoyed commonly, fine health. He died of apoplexy, at Germantown,' N. Y., and was there buried. — Sen. Dr. Anson Du Bois. His father was a quiet, thoughtful man, and his mother an eminent and devoted Christian, whose earnest prayer was that her youngest son might preach the gospel. He occupied several important positions, and had the happiness of welcoming his father to the communion of the church at Bridgeton, at the age of eighty. He was a man fearless, resolute, and deter- mined in the right. He could not be swayed by flattery, nor intimidated by threats. He was even stern and severe in opposition, when he sup- posed that opposition was factious and unfriendly. But at the same tune there were few men who were more affectionate in feeling, and more ready for conciliation, when it was sought in a sincere and brotherly spirit. He was an earnest preacher of the gospel, plain, bold, and solemn ; a prudent, kind, and affectionate pastor, winning the confidence and love of all. As a student he was of fair acquirements. He had a good voice and agreeable address. He had a very tender heart, and of ten wept over sinners, as he warned them of their danger and exhorted them to come to Christ. This gave him much power in the pulpit. Hoffman, Abraham, b. at Shawangunk, 1780 ; studied under Froeligh and Livingston, 1. CI. Paramus, 1808 ; Courtlandtown, 1808-SO, also Miss, to Wawarsing, Dec. 1828-Feb. '29, Cato, 1831-43, d. 1856. Though not a fluent speaker, he possessed great practical sense, warm sympathiesyi and was a good theologian. It was often said by an elder in the church, " If I had the domine's head, or he had my tongue, we should make a stir in the world." He gathered those attached to the Reformed church in Cato, and united them together. — Bev. Br. Glis. Scott. Hoffman, John, b. at Holland, Mich., Feb. 38, 1849 ; H.C. 1871, H.S. 1874^ lie. CI. Michigan ; Oostburg, 1874— Hoffman, Wm. H., b. at Flemington, N.J., May 13, 1849 ; B.C. 1873, N.B.S. 1875, lie. CI. Earitan ; Wilcox, Pa., 1875-7, Pottersville, N.J., 1878. Holmes, Edwin, b. at Salisbury, Ct., July 17, 1797 ; U.C. 1833, Prin. Dutch- ess Academy, 1823-5, studied theology with Dr. C. C. Cuyler and at N.B.S. 1827; lie. CI. Poughkeepsie ; Linlithgo, 1837-35, Albany, 3d, 1835-41, Athens, 1841-3, Nassau, 1843-51, Chatham, 1853-9, w. c. Died 1873, Nov. 33. The intimacy of years revealed more and more the beauty of his Christian spirit and his steadfast devotion to the supreme heartwork of his consecrated life. Through a period of about forty-six years he performed the duties of the pastorate in almost a single region, so that he was all that while quite before the eyes of the same people in their successive generations. From every church he served there was given him the like tribute of love and THE MINISTKV. 313 gratitude for tie gentle yet firm, clieerf ul yet courageous service he uniformly rendered. Conscientiously diligent and ingeniously inventive of methods wherehy to commend the gospel, he had the satisfaction of nearly all the while reaping — even while he was sowing. Genuine, deep, and powerful revivals marked the beginnings of his ministry and attended it nearly to its close. He had great confidence in the power of Bible truth, and never un- dertook to be wiser than the inspired writers. His own faith became con- tagious. He believed and therefore spake, and many believed through his word. Hence his great and real success. The simple, implicit, yet sublime faith he reposed in Christ as his personal Saviour made him both humble and strong, meek but earnest, self-distrustful yet bold, and so strength and beauty blended in his saintly life. He had no taste for stormy conflicts in fields of controversy. He walked by Slloa's stream, and cared not to try the rugged and flinty paths that run up into the cold mountains around which fierce and chilling speculations are wont to rave. He was a careful, diligent, and methodical student, and prepared his sermons with a rare conscientious- ness, wishing to have them approved of God, rather than admired by his audience. His severe taste, coupled with his respect for the themes of the gospel, forbade his indulgence in anything beyond a clear, stirring, direct style of speech. He was by no means indifferent to beauties of style, but he was more anxious far about the matter of his sermons than the rhetorical embellishments which often conceal truth. The great success which at- tended his ministry is, after all, the highest testimony to the character of his pulpit services and to his pastoral fidelity that can be presented. In simplicity and godly sincerity he moved among his people, and in the sanc- tuary his voice never uttered an uncertain sound. In his personal habits and traits he exemplified every Christian grace. For this reason he was loved and trusted by all his brethren in the ministry who enjoyed his friend- ship, and by the many whom he served in the gospel. His long and fruitful life illustrated in a self-evidencing way the power of Christian truth and the attractiveness of unostentatious piety. Xone knew him but to love him or named him but to praise. Faithful to the last, he abounded in labors until he was called up higher into the everlasting rest.— Bee Memorial containing addresses hy Rem. Himrod, Porter, 0. C. Van Cleef, and extracts from the papers. Publications : A Sermon Preached at the Funeral of Rev. Peter S. Wyn- koop, 1848.— The Present Mysteries and Future Developments of Provi- dence. A discourse delivered at the funeral of Francis H. Rathbone, Esq., 1855.— The Vindications of Providence. A sermon preached at Chatham, N.T., at the funeral of Staats D. Tompkins, Esq., 1867. Holmes, John McC, (son of Edwin Holmes;) W.C. 1853, N.B.S., 1857, 1. CI. of Rensselaer, 1857; East-Williamsburgh, 1857-9, Lee Avenue, Brooklyn, 185^-64, Hudson, 1865-77, (Albany, State St. Presbyt. 1877—) D D by R.C. 1870. Publications : Van Doren Prize Essay on Missions. Uiristian InteUigen- cer, 1856.— Praise, an Element of Public Worship. Brooklyn, I860.— The 314 THE MINISTEY. Crisis and its Claims. Brooklyn, 1863.— The Excellence of Faith. A ser- mon occasioned by the death of the Rev. John Gosman, D.D. 1865. — The Relation of Christianity to Civil Government. Hudson, N. Y., Thanksgiv- ing Day, 186G.— Address before the General Synod of the Reformed Church in the United States, convened at Philadelphia, November, 1809. Published in German Reformed Messenger and Christian Intelligencer. — He being Dead yet Speaketh. A sermon preached in the Reformed Church of Upper Red Hook at the funeral of Rev. John G. Johnson. 1870. — The Warfare of the Flesh and the Spirit. Hudson, K". Y., November, 1871. — Memorial of Rev. Ed- win Holmes. 1873. — Letters from Europe. Fahlishedin. Hudson Megister and Star, 1874.— Memorial of Mrs. John McC. Holmes. 1874. — Address before the General Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the United States, convened at Baltimore, May, 1875. Christian Intelligencer. — Growth and Gratitude. A Centennial Sermon. Hudson, N. Y., July 2, 1876. — The Lessons of the Century to the Laity of the Church. (Sermon No. VL in Centennial Discourses, 1876.) — ^Vacation Experiences. Five series of sum- mer letters published in Hudson Register and Star, 1869-75. — Occasional articles in the Christian Intelligencer, 1867-77. Hones, Julitjs, from Evang. Miss. Assoc. Berlin, 1854 ; Jeffersonville, 1854- 8, S.S. New-Brunswick, 3d, 1858-60, w. c. 1860-76; Jamaica, Ger. Evang. 1876— Hopkins, David. U.S. 1868, 1. CI. N.Y. 1863, ord. by Presbyt.— ;S«« Union Sem. Gen. Cat. 1876. Horton, Francis A. R.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1865, 1. CI. Hudson, 1865; Glenham, • 1865-7, Catskill, 1867-73, (Presbyt. Cleveland, O., 1873—) Houbolt, W. A. Theolog. School of Kampen, Netherlands, 1858, 1. CI. Hol- land, Mich., 1859, Grand Rapids, 1859-60, Albany, (Holland Ch.) 1861-4, Muskegon, 1864^71. Albany, (Holland Ch.) 1871-3, Paterson, 6th, 1873-7, , went to Netherlands ; returned to America, 1878. [Houdiu, Michel, (French Epis.) New-Rochelle, 1760-8.— Doc. Hist. iii. 578.] House, Israel B. N.B.S. 1879. How, Samuel Blanchard, b. 1788, in N.J.; U. Pa. 1810, P.S. 1813, [Salisbury, N.J., 1813-6 ; Trenton, 1816-31 ; New-Brunswick, 1821-3, all Presbyt. ; Savannah, Ga., independent ch. 1823-30 ; Miss, in New- York City, North St. 1830; President of Dickinson Coll. 1830-1.] New-Brunswick, 1st, 1832-61, d. Mar. 1, 1868. Elected a trustee of Rutgers Coll. 1830 ; D.D. by U.C. 1830. He was in all respects, whether in theology, politics, or in manners, an old-school man. He venerated the past, and looked upon all change as rev- olutionary. Circurnstances had added to his theological opinions great positiveness. New-school doctrines filled his soul with abhorrence and alarm. He resisted them with all his learning and with all his might, even THE MINISTEY. 315 to the last. In sermons, conversations, and articles for the press, be warned against them. With regard to slavery he unfortunately took extreme ground in its de- fense, and in 1855 published a pamphlet, entitled Slaveholding not Sinful. This was in connection with the request of the Classis of North-Carolina, of the German Reformed Church, to be admitted to our body. Many replies to their request were made on the floor of Synod, and a pamphlet in answer to Dr. How was published by Rev. H. D. Ganse. lu manners he was the perfect gentleman. His considerate and respect- ful demeanor was manifest to all. Courtesy abode on his lips. He neg- lected none of the delicacies and none of the proprieties of intercourse which are held in just estimation among refined and polite people. He was gentle toward the ijoor, condescending to men of low estate, and always guarded in his language while contending for his convictions with strong men to whom he was opposed. As a learned and accomplished theologian he stood among the foremost men of his age. His familiarity with the writings of the great divines, pa- tristic, mediaeval, and reformed, enabled him to quote them readily on almost any point under discussion. He discharged the duties of the ministry with singular zeal, fidelity, and success. In every sense he was a hard-working man. In his study, pulpit, and parish, he was never slovenly or negligent. In both public and private he adorned the doctrine of godliness. — See MeCUntock's Cye. Publications : Ser. in 2d R.D.C. Somerville, 1835. — The Gospel Ministry. New-Brunswick, 1838. — Tribute of Filial Affection. On death of Mrs. Jane Kirkpatrick. 1851. — Perpetual Abode of the Holy Spirit in the Church ; and Filial Duty. Two Sermons. New-Brunswick, 1851. — Slaveholding not Sinful. An Argument Before Gen. Synod, 1855. {See Oanse's Iteply.)—Fa.- neral Ser. on death of Rev. Dr. J. J. Janeway. 1858. — Funeral Ser. on death of Hon. Littleton Kirkpatrick. 1859. See Memorial. — Funeral Ser'. on death of Mrs. Mary Jenkins. New-Brunswick, 1860. HOTT, Jas. Howakd, b. Saratoga, N.T., July 13, 1847 ; U.C. 1873 ; U.S. 1876 ; . . . . Greenburgh, 1876-79, Jan. 1st, w.c. HuiziKGA, John L. H.C. 1867, H.S. 1870; Mattoax, Va., 1870-6 ; Holland, 1st, Nebraska, 1876— HuLBERT, Victor M., b. at Nassau, N.T., Nov. 23, 1813 ; E.G. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. L.I. Aug. 1st ; ord. CI. N.Y. Jan. 4, 1843 ; Greenville and Yon- kers, 1842-5, Tonkers, 1845-8, Flatbush (Ulster Co.) 1848-53, Tonkers, 1853-65, White Plains, 1865-73, Marbletown, 1872—. D.D. by E.G. 1867. HuLST, Geo. D. E.G. 1866, N.B.S. 1869, lie. N. CI. L.I.; South-Bushwick. 1869— HuLST, L. i. Danforth, El., 1874^6, Grand Eapids, 4th, Mich., 1876— 316 THE MINISTRY. Hunt, Christopher, b. at Tarrytown, 18—. E.G. 1827, N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. N.Y. 1830; Clarkstown, 1830-3, Nassau, 1832-7, N.T.C. Franklin St. 1837-9, d. He was early left an orphan, and found a home in an orphan asylum. Here he was under the influence of Christian friends, who forgot not his spiritual necessities. He was a man of lovely spirit, and a faithful lahorer in the vineyard. He lived a blameless life, and his churches were warmly attached to him. He was deeply interested in whatever related to the in- terests of the Redeemer's kingdom. His preaching was with a warmth and energy which reached the heart. He had hardly been settled in New- Tork a year when pulmonary disease manifested itself. Unconscious of his danger, yet his sermons for a while bore upon the important subject of death. Thus was God preparing him. When he came to understand his condition, he thoroughly examined the grounds of his hopes. His last words were, "All is well!" — See MeClintock's Gye. Huntington, Henry. S. P.S. 1853 ; Owasco Outlet, 1870-1, [Auburn, 1871—] HUTCHINS, John, b. Portsmouth, Eng., June 30, 1848 ; TJniv. Wis. 1878, Western Theolog. Sem. Pa. 1873-5, U.S. 1875-6; Bronksville, Nov. 28, 1876— HuTTON, Alfeed John, b. in N.Y. 1843 ; Wms. C. 1866, Aub. S. 1871, lie. Presbyt. Cayuga, 1870 ; West-Troy, June, 1871— HuTTON, Mancius Holmes, (s. of M. S. Hutton,) b. N.T.C. Oct. 13, 1837 ; U.N.T. 1857, U.S. 1857-9, N.B.S. 1859-60, lie. CI. N.Y. 1860; Kes. Licen- tiate, U.S. 1861-3 ; Mount Vernon, June 15, 1864— HuTTON, Mancitis Smedes, (great-grandson of Rev. G. W. Manoius ;) C.C. 1823, P.S. 1836, lie. 2d Presbyt. N.Y. 1836; Miss, at Wawarsing, 1837- s', (German Valley Presbyt. 1838-34 ; ) N.Y.C. South Ch. 1834-7, the same in Washington Square, 1837-76, w. c. S.T.D. by C.C. 1841 ; Trustee, C.C. 1855— Publications: Annual Ser. Am. S.S.U. 1851. — Ser. on the death of Christ. Nat. Preacher, 1852.— The Rejected Offering. A ser. before For. Miss. Soc. of N.Y. and Brooklyn, 1853.— Spiritual Worship. Pulpit Bepertory, 1856. — Address at the funeral of Rev. Dr. Knox. 1858. Ktiox Memorial.— ThQ Coming of Christ. In The N. 7. Pulpit in the Bemml, 1858. — Address at the funeral of Rev. Dr. W. C. Brownlee. 1860. Browrdee Memorial. — An Inaugural Oration at the Opening of Hope College. 1866. In Hope College iJ«TO«m6rai;icer.— Address at the Centen. Anniv. of Nortfi Dutch Ch. 1869.— Sketch of Mrs. Cath. H. Scudder. HUTSSOON, Jas., b. in Netherlands ; N.B.S. 1859, lie. CI. N.B. ; Lodi, N.J., {Hoi.) 1859-64, also S.S., Paterson, (Hoi.) 1859-62; Paterson, 1863-5, Drenthe, 1865-6, Polkton, 1866-8, Paterson, 1st (Hoi.) 1868— THE MINISTRY. 31 7 Hyndslia-w, Jas. B., b. in N.J. ; C.N.J. 1820, P.S. 1834; [New-Providence, N.J., 18. .-. ., Milford Red Mills, N.Y., 18. .-. .] Walpack, 1836-9, Priu. Academy, Stroudsburgh, Pa., 1839-. . iNGALLs, Wilson. tJ.G. 1836, tutor iu IT.C. 1836-7, S.S. Princetown, 1838-9, Glenville, 1st, 1840-51, Owasco, 1853-64, (supplied Broadalbin, 1864-5, w. c. 1866-7, Blooming Grove, 1867-77, w. c. Ingebsoll, Edward Patson, b. in Lee, Berlisbire Co. , Mass., 1834 ; W.C. 1855, A.S. 1863, lie. Cleveland, 0., Cong. Conf., 1862 ; [Sandusky, 1st, O., 1863-7, Indianapolis, (Plymoutb Cb.) 1867-9;] Brooklyn, Middle, Jan. 1869— D.D. PubUcations : Bible in Pub. Scbools, [1871.— Sermons in the papers, " Tbou Slialt not Steal," in HI Christian, Indianapolis, 1869, Thanksgiving Ser., 1876, at Lee, Mass., in Lee Gleaner. — ^Weekly articles in Ilhistra. Chr. for six montbs, 1869. — Six papers on Bunyan's Pilgrim's Prog., ditto, 1869. — Letters from Europe, in Oh. InteU., 1873. — Prayer-meetings, in Ch. 'Weekly, 1876.— Arts, in Church Union, 1874, 1877. Inglis, Rev. David, (sou of Rev. David Inglis,) b. June 8, 1824 ; University of Edinburgh, 1841, studied divinity under Dr. Chalmers and Dr. John Brown ; lie. Presbyt. Carlisle, 1845 ; came to America, 1846 ; [Detroit, Scotch Ch., 1846-7, S.S., N.Y.C. Washington Heights, 1847, Bedford, N.T., 1847-52, Montreal, (St. Gabriel St.) July, 1852-5, Hamilton, Ont., 1855-71, Prof of Systematic Theology in Knox Coll., Toronto, 1871-3 ;] Brooklyn Heights, 1872-7, d. Dee. 15. LL.D. by Olivet Coll., Mich.; D.D. by E.C. 1874. His father was for many years pastor of the parish of Greenlaw, Berwick- shire, on the Scottish side of the Tweed. He was a man of good attain- ments, and was highly esteemed in the United Presbyterian Church, of which he was a minister. By his influence and example, a. suitable bent was given to.the aspirations of his son David, who in time resolved to study for the ministry of the Church./ His attention to his scholastic studies was from the very first assiduous and devout, and in the various subjects of humanity, moral philosophy, rhetoric, belles lettres, etc., he distinguished hilliself at once by his zeal and attainments. After passing through the regular course in the University of Edinburgh, he graduated with honors. He subsequently passed through a course of divinity studies, attending among others tlie classes of those eminent theologians, the late Dr. Chal- mers and Dr. John Brown. After licensure he resided in Cumberland, Eng., for a short time. It was not destined that he should remain long at home. Providence pointed out the western world as affording a more suitable sphere of labor, and having paid a short visit to his friends in Scotland he resolved upon emi- grating to America. Almost immediately he entered on missionary work in the Western States^ after which he became pastor of the several churches above indicated. In the year 1852, while paying a visit to some friends in 318 THE MINISTEY. Montreal, lie preached with sucli acceptance in several of tlie city churclies that he was called to the St. Gabriel Street Church. Here he was highly esteemed for his devoted and useful labors, both as a preacher and pastor. During the year 1854, when cholera was prevalent in that city, he had the misfortune to lose his wife and three of his children, leaving him with only one son. This bereavement proved a bitter sorrow. Beneath the pressure of his duties and his trials his own health gave way ; and as a change seemed advisable, he resolved to accept a call which had been addressed to him from Hamilton, Ont., before his bereavement, and which was now renewed. This church was young and small. It was formed by the division of Knox Church, then under the care of Rev. Dr. Irvine. It consisted of only forty-two members. Divine services were conducted in a wooden building, which would accommodate only about 300 persons. But under the efficient ministry of the new pastor, both, the congregation and church rapidly grew in numbers and strength, and it was soon found necessary to build a new church. This led to the erection of the present commodious and handsome structure on McNab Street. Here he carried on his pastorate for upwards of sixteen years. He gradually drew around him a large and strongly attached congregation, and during the period of his ministry he received into mem- bership with this church not less than 1000 persons. In Hamilton he married for his second wife Miss Gale, daughter of the late Rev. James Gale, a well-known Presbyterian minister. As the pastor of a large and flourishing congregation, and as a man of recognized public ability, he took an active interest in the affairs of the Presbyterian Church, and in the social and moral well-being of the city. His talents were often in requisition for special religious services, for lectures in connection with literary and other institutions, and for contributions to the press. These services were always cheerfully rendered, and whilst they contributed to the instruction and in- terest of the people who attended them, they added greatly to his own reputation and influence. A commodious stone manse was also erected for him. His congregation, always on the increase, was devotedly attached to him ; whilst in the city, amongst all denominations and classes, he was regarded as a central figure, as a useful citizen, and as a distinguished ornament. • But the exigencies of the Presbyterian Church [in Canada] seemed to require that he should take charge of a most important and responsible post in connection with Knox College. His eminent attainments as a scholar, and his sound theological views as a divine, evidently fitted him for train- ing candidates for the Christian ministry. He was therefore summoned, in 1871, to occupy the Chair of Systematic Theology in Knox College, Toronto. It was a, call which came upon him unexpectedly. The strongest efiorts were made by his friends to induce him to decline it. But he felt it to be the call of God ; and painful though it was to separate from his flock, he had no alternative but to obey. His spirit was one of devout faith ; his conduct an illustration of cheerful obedience to the call of duty. In leaving Hamilton the friends of Mr. Inglis resolved to present him THE IIINISTEY. 319 Bome tangible token of their esteem. A public subscription was tlierefore organized, and a very liberal sum of money was spontaneously contributed from among all classes of tbe public. Tliis, with a service of plate, was pre- sented to bim at a public meeting, wbick was largely attended. Tbe Hon. Isaac Bucbanan presided at tbat meeting, and recounted in glowing language tbe many eminent qualities possessed and tbe many useful services ren- dered by Mr. Inglis. Tbe duties of bis new vocation be discharged with exemplary zeal, and with both great acceptance to the Church and profit to the college. But in about a year another change was proposed. He was called to the Reformed Churcli on Brooklyn Heights. To tbe great grief of the Canadian Church, he saw it to be his duty to sever his connection with the college, and accept the call which was so cordially extended to him. As pastor of this church he labored with great zeal and much acceptance, beloved by his people, and highly respected by the whole community. His labors were not only ap- preciated by the members of his own flock, but were influential and useful in a public sense generally. The church grew under his ministrations, and honors were conferred upon him. But bis happiness was not unmixed with pain. He lost a beautiful child, and subsequently his wife. A short time before bis death he received a unanimous call to Knox Church, Toronto, to become the colleague and successor of tbe venerable Dr. Topp. He was not able to come to any decision in regard to this matter. There were strong influences at work either way. But he had been attacked with malarial fever, and other ailments. Medical skill failed. He was called up higher. Dr. Inglis was a man of commanding presence, of kind and genial disposi- tion, and one whom to know was to love. He won the affection and esteem of a large, number of brethren in the ministry, and his people were devotedly attached to him. He was a powerful and eloquent preacher of the great truths. of the gospel. Many will remember his striking and earnest appeals which thrilled the souls and melted the hearts of his hearers. For years he had made systematic theology his special Etudy. That, combined with a careful study of kindred subjects, made him in eveTy way well qualified to ■fill the professor's chair or the preacher's desk. For some years he pre- pared the Sabbath-school lessons for The Sower. These were masterly ex- positions of scripture. He had been appointed Vedder Lecturer for 1879, and was engaged in preparing these lectures when taken ill. He was a most valuable member of a church court. Possessed of a powerful mind, an able debater, and being well acquainted with the rules and forms of ecclesi- astical procedure, he was able to guide the discussion of important subjects and not seldom was a wise conclusion of a difficult subject reached through his instrumentality. As a Scotsman, he always cherished an ardent love for his native land, and was fond of roaming among its hills and dales, and of portraying with his pen some of the more stirring scenes of its history. He was a member of the St. Andrew's Society of New- York, and warmly espoused the interests of other organizations by which his countrymen could be benefited. 320 THE miS'ISTRY. Whetlier viewed as a Scotsman, as a pastor, or as a friend, he gave evidence of tlie possession of tlie noblest qualities ; and in his removal the lamenta- tion of old may be repeated that a great man and prince in Israel has fallen. —Sev. Dr. Waters, of St. John, N.B., in Scottish American, of N.Y.C. He engaged with deep interest in all the deliberations which were held during many years in reference to the union of all the branches of the Pres- byterian Church in Canada ; a union which he did much to further, and in the consummation an^ success of which he greatly rejoiced. In the summer of 1877, he went as one of the delegates of the Reformed Church to the Presbyterian Council at Edinburgh, and rendered good ser- vice there. Publications : Exposition of Internat. S.S. Lessons in Sower and Oospel Field, 1874-7. — Hist. Ser. Commem. of the 35th Anniver. of the Church on the Heights, Brooklyn, 1875. — Many contributions to the press. — ^Vedder Lectures — in course of preparation at his death. [Ingold, John Wm., came from Europe 1774, Whitpain and Worcester, 1774-5, Saucon, Boston, Gosenhoppen, Easton 17. .-90.] — Har- haugKs Lives, ii. 399. Israel, studied under the missionaries, 1. CI. Arcot, 1867 ; labored in India. Deposed 1874 for immorality. Jackson, John Frelinghuysen, (s. of W. Jackson,) b. at Bergen, 1768 ; Q.C. 1788, studied under Livingston, lie. by Synod of R.D. Chs. 1790 ; Harlem and Phillipsburgh, 1793-1806, Fordham, 1819-36, d. He was early introduced into the ministry, and for nearly half a century served the Master with singular consistency, faithfulness, and zeal. He was a man of sound, experimental, practical piety, of great simplicity of character and singleness of heart, and of self-denying humility. Of men he sought neither praise nor recompense. Possessed of ample resources, his services to the Church were rendered, throughout his life, almost gratui- tously. An act of distinguished liberality manifests his attachment to the Church. His life, if not brilliant, was filled up with laborious usefulness. When on the verge of the grave, he was all self-renunciation, humility, faith, gratitude, hope and joy. Jackson, William, b. 1733, studied under J. Frelinghuysen and J. H. Goetschius, lie. CI. Amsterdam, 1757 ; Bergen and Staten Island, 1757-89, emeritus, d. 1813. One of the original trustees of Q.C. A.M. by Univer. Utrecht ; by C.C. 1761, by Y.C. 1763, by C.N.J. 1771. He received a call from the churches of Bergen and Staten Island on June 22d, 1753. This stipulated that he should go to Holland, to complete his studies and receive ordination from the Classis of Amsterdam. He was gone four years, and returned ; but few materials remain to give us an idea of his character. Tradition speaks of him as a learned man and a devoted minis- ter of Christ. He had a commanding voice, and was, in the Dutch lan- guage, a powerful orator. He was much sought after in the Reformed THE MIiaSTET. 321 cliurclies of Middlesex and Somerset Counties, N.J., and was esteemed, as a field-preaclier, second only to Whitefield. On one occasion, -while preaching at Raritan, the assemblage was so large that, to be heard by all, outside and within the church, he took his station at the door, and preached. In 1759, he was called as a colleague to Domino Hardenbergh at Earitan, but declined. About 1783, his mind began to fail, and he became subject to mental aberrations, and would say improper things in the pulpit, or con- tinue his discourses too long. On one such occasion, while preaching in New-Brunswick, his friend, Hon. James Schureman, gave him a hint, by holding up his watch. Eyeing him keenly, the Domine replied, " Schure- man, Schureman, put up your watch ; Paul preached till midnight." In 1789, the.Classis of Hackensack, in compliance with the wish of his churches, was obliged to take notice of his malady, and advised him to re- sign his call. This he did, and, moreover, obligated himself, under the for- feiture of five hundred pounds, to cease preaching or administering the sacra- ments. This was intended to work efEectually on his mind. His wife also became afflicted in the same way. But the church gave them the use of the parsonage the rest of their lives — about twenty-four years— and purchased another parsonage for his successor. — Amst. Cor., many Utters. McOUntoek's Cyc. Taylor's Annals of Bergen. James, Woodbkidge L. U.C. 1839, from Presbyt. of Utica ; Day, 1849-52, Columbia, 1854^5, AVoodstock, 1856-63, w. c. Jameson, Chs. M. Mt. Pleasant, jST.T.C. 1853-63, w. c— Janeway, Henry L. , (grandson of J. J. Jaueway ;) E.G. 1875, N.B.S. 1878, lie. Cl. N.B. Presbyt. Janeway, Jacob Jones, b. in N.T.C. Nov. 30, 1774; C.C. 1794; studied under Livingston, 1. Cl. N.Y. Nov. 80, 1797 ; ordained by the Presbyt. Philadelphia, June 13, 1799 ; [Philadelphia, 3d Presbyt. 1798-1828 ; elected director in Princeton Theolog. School, 1813, also a trustee of Princeton Coll. 1813, Prof. Didac. Theol. in the Western Theolog. Sem. Alleghany, Pa., 1828-9;] New-Brunswick, 1830-1, elected a, trustee of Rutgers Coll. 1830, supplied Orchard St., N.T.C. 1831, Vice-Pres. of Eutgers Coll. and Prof. Belles Let., Evidences of Christianity and Polit. Economy, 1833-9, [returned to Presbyt. Ch. 1839, elected trustee of Coll. N.J. 1839, engaged in various labors in the general service of the Presbyt. Ch. in its For. and Domestic Mission Boards, and in the oversight of Theo- log. and Colleg. Institutions, 1839-58, d. June 37.] D.D. The Janeway family came from the vicinity of London, England. Eev. William Janeway was one of the ministers who refused to obey the Uni. formity Act, and was excluded from his parish. Four of his sons were also ministers. The life of one of these, Eev. John Janeway, noted for his holy life and triumphant death, has been published by the Presbyterian Board. A member of this family removed to America about the opening of the last century, bearing with him the charter of Trinity Church, of which he was 31 322 THE MINISTRY. also one of tbe vestrymen. He died about 1708. His son, Jacob Janeway, removed to Somerset Co., N. J., and it is his grandson wlio is tbe subject of tWs sketch. After bis licensure, be made a journey of nearly 2000 miles for the benefit of his health, mostly on horseback, through New-England, in com- pany with Dr. J. N. Abeel. In bis first settlement he was colleague with Eev. Dr. Ashbel Green for thirteen years. Each agreed to remember the other in his daily prayers, and to treat each other's character as if it were his own. This produced the most happy effects, and their relations were with- out a jar. He was only twenty-three years old when he assumed so impor- tant a position in what was then the chief city of the Union, with the Presi- dent of tbe United States in his flock. His health was seriously affected in his youth from too intense study, but systematic exercise, conjoined with great temperance, repaired his constitu- tion, so that he reached more than fourscore. He was conscientious in pro- tecting his health. Years in advance of the temperance movement he relin- quished the use of wine. He was free from all affectation, and transparent in bis actions. He was reserved in reference to bis calls and invitations and honors. He never took the highest seats or appeared prominent on public occasions. He was conscientious in bis expenses that he might have more for charity. He was never known to indulge in innuendo, or relate unseemly anecdotes. If others indulged in them in his presence, he frowned upon them or remained silent. His countenance wore a uniform benignity, prov- ing that the law of kindness ruled in his heart. He bad great regard to the feelings of others, and never willingly wounded them. He was a most dili- gent student, ever searching for truth. Reason, rather than imagination, held the supremacy in his mind. His style of preaching was calm and ani- mated. He never ranted and was never boisterous. Strong sound sense and lucid exhibition of truth were the prevailing characteristics of bis ser- mons. He was uniformly solemn. Preaching was to him a high spiritual function. He believed in special aids and illuminations in the delivery of bis message. He went from his closet to bis pulpit, and from his pulpit to bis closet. He seldom wrote his sermons at length, but he meditated closely and studied bard. His subjects were chiefly the promises and consolations of the gospel. He had a steady increase of membership rather than large accessions at once. He was prudent. In the defense of truth he was bold. He never exaggerated a statement. His most determined opponents gave him credit for candor. While he knew the burdens of indwelling sin, he was eminently free from doubts of his personal acceptance. He was systematic- ally benevolent, giving for many years before bis decease, it is believed, a fifth of bis income. Many young men he aided privately in their prepara- tion for tbe ministry. He filled many high places of honor and trust in tbe Church. Two of his sons, namely, John L. and Thomas L., entered the min- istry. The latter prepared a memoir of his father. — Preahyt. Board, 1861. See also McOlintoeh'a and Strong's Cyo. Mag. B.D.C. ii. 159. Funeral Disc, iy Br. How. JPublications : Report. — A Plan for Disciplining Baptized Children. 1813. — Letters Explaining Abrabamic Gov. 1813. — Letters on the Atonement. — THE MINISTKY. 323 Internal Evidences of the Bible.— Hist, of Rutgers Coll. 1833.— View of the Workings of the Different Covenants between Gen. Syn. and Trustees of Rutgers Coll. 1849. — Review of Dr. SchafTon Protestantism. — Hope for the Jews. — Semi-centenary of Presbyt. Ch. in New-Brunswick. 1840. — Com- mem. Disc, of Dr. Peter O. Stnddiford. 1866. — Commentaries on Romans, Hebrews, Acts. — Expos, of Acts in Question and Ans. — Communicants' Man- ual. — Hope for my Country. Janeway, John L., (sou of J. J. Janeway ;) R.C. 1835, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B.; Montville, 1843-50, [Flemington, N.J., Preeb.] D.D. Jansbn, John N., b. at Marbletown, N. Y.; R.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851,1. CI. N.B. ; Guilford, 1853-63, Pompton, 1863— Publications : Semi-Centennial Disc, at Pompton, N.J. 1865. Jansen, Josiah, b. in Ulster Co., 1835; R.C. 1856, N.B.S. 1859,1. CI. Orange ; New-Concord, 1861-4, d. Though, from a child, thoughtful and eminently conscientious, he did not unite with the church till near the close of his collegiate course. While studying theology, he was attacked with hemorrhage of the lungs, which compelled him to return home, yet he studied privately, and graduated with his class. He did not settle at once, but assisted his brethren, as strength permitted, for eighteen months, but was soon obliged to succumb to the power of the fell destroyer. His mind was well balanced and well furnished. He was a diligent student, and failed not to gain a, clear idea of the subject of investigation. His piety was definite, firm, and earnest. He was a clear and evangelical preacher, presenting gospel truth in a. happy manner, and encouraging high hopes of future usefulness. In his charge, he had the confidence and affection of his people, but his life was one of sufiering rather than of labor. — Bev. Jas. JS. Bernart. Jap Hak-Chiokg, (a native Chinese ;) studied under the missionaries, or- dained Mar. 29, 1863 ; Amoy, 1st, 1863— Jennings, Jacob, (Ginnings ;) lie. by Synod of D.R. Chs. 1789 ; Miss, to Hardy Co., Va., 1788-91, Presbyt. He was a godly physician in Hardy Co., Virginia, formerly a resident on the Raritan, and a member of the church there, and well known to Dr. Hardenbergh. He had held catechetical exercises in Virginia, and the peo- ple were so favorably disposed toward him, that they asked that he might be ordained to the ministry. There were no other churches or ministers within sixty mUes of his locality. Synod therefore determined to examine him for licensure. He was licensed and ordained, at the same session, as a missionary to that people, belonging to the Classis of New-Brunswick. In 1791, he asked dismission to the Presbyterian Church, since his people were not able to support him. Synod sent him £30, but declined at present to dismiss him, requesting him rather to return, and take charge of some of their own destitute churches. Nothing further is heard of him in the Min- utes of Synod, and the first volume of Minutes of Classis of New-Brunswick, 324 THE MINISTEY. (1771-1811,) ill which there would no doubt be references, is not known to exist. In the Eeadington graveyard, the stone of Mrs. Jacob Jennings, his wife, is found, who was also the grandmother of ex-Gov. Wise, of Virginia. — M.G.S. -vol. i. Jewett, Augustine David Lawrence. W.C. 1852, P.S. 1854; Pierinont, 1857-9, (New-BruDSwicli, 1st Presbyt. 1868-70,) Publications: Address at Fun. of Theodore Strong, LL.D. 1869. John, Zechaeiah, a native Hindoo ; studied under the missi&naries, lie. and ord. CI. Arcot, 1867 ; Counoor, Hindoostan, 1867 — Johns, Wm. Prattsville, 1855-9, (S.S. Big Hollow, Presbyt.) w.c. died, 1875. , Pub. : " Fort Herkimer Ch." 1874. Johnson, Henry H. Hastings, 1861-5, S.S. Leyden Centre, 1867 — Johnson, Andrew. Glenville, 2d, 1872-5. Johnson, Isaiah Y.,b. 1783; W.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1816, 1. CI. N.B. 1816 ; Argyle and Fort Miller, 1817-21, Schodack, 1821-4, d. His expression was intellectual and bland ; his manners affable, always courteous, cheerful, and of easy dignity. He was attractive to the youth of his charges. ' His habits were very systematic. He generally retired to his study on Sabbath evening, and selected his topic for the nest Sabbath, while on Monday he visited his people. His great-grandfather was a Presbyterian minister in Ireland. — Bev. C'has. Scott. Johnson, John Barent, b. at Brooklyn, 1769 ; C.C. 1793, studied under Liv- ingston, }. CI. N.T. 1795 ; Albany, 1796-1803, Brooklyn, 1802-8, d. He lost both his parents when in his ninth year, and was brought up by a cousin. In his seventeenth year, being at school at Flatbush, Dr. Liv- ingston, who spent his summers there, became acquainted with him, and, perceiving that he was a yovith of more than ordinary talents, encouraged liim to commence a course of liberal studies, and kindly offered to receive him into his own family, and superintend his education. This offer was gratefully accepted, and he was soon prepared to enter college. He was a man of unusually prepossessing personal appearance, and of easy and grace- ful manners. His countenance had an expression of great benignity, united with high intelligence. His manners were bland and courteous, and pre- disposed every one to see in him a friend ; and his countenance and man- ners were a faithful index of his disposition. He was acknowledged on all hands to possess an uncommonly amiable and generous spirit. He had the reputation of an excellent pastor. He mingled freely, and to great accept- ance, with all classes of people. He was particularly attentive to the young, and had the faculty of making himself exceedingly pleasant to them. He was a popular preacher, possessed of a melodious voice ; his gesture was natural and effective. On the occasion of the death of Washington, the THE SIINISTEY. 325 Legislature of New- York invited Mm to deliver the eulogy before tliem. Two sons, Wm. L. and Samuel R., are Episcopal clergymen. — Bee Mag. B.D. 0. iv. 97, 143, 169. McOUntock's Cye. Bprague's Annals. Publications : Oration on Union, anniver. of the Tammany Society, 1794. — Dealings of God with Israel and America, 1798, (July 4th.) — Eulogy on Washington, before Legislature, N.Y. 1800.— Farewell Ser. at Albany, 1803 ; with an Hist. Appendix by Bassett. — Author of the Pastoral Letter of Gen. Syu. 1800, p. 304. — Many contributions to the literary periodicals of the day ; some of these poetical. Johnson, John G., b. in Centre Co., Pa., Jan. 23, 1814 ; B.C. 1836, N.B.S. 1839, 1. CI. N.B. 1839 ; Glenham, 1840-6, St. John's, Upper Bed Hook, 1846-70, d. Mr. Johnson, though not gifted with brilliant talents, possessed a well- balanced mind, which, by discipline and culture, placed him above medioc- rity. It was no little pleasure to hear him discuss, on several occasions, literary and theological subjects, in which he displayed much accurate knowledge and mental acuteness. He was no laggard in the ministry, but diligently improved his opportunities, studied to show himself " approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth." Though not an eloquent, he was an instructive preacher, and his long pastorate of twenty-five years shows how highly his services were appreciated by the people of his charge. In patience and humility he labored in the comparatively obscure field to which the Master assigned him, shunning notoriety and desiring no change. He cared not for meretricious distinction, being too honest to resort to subterfuges in order to gratify van- ity, and too independent to cajole the applause or favor of men. Direct, frank, outspoken, his intentions could not be mistaken ; despising decep- tions and hypocrisy he made no pretensions to superior excellence, nor sought to impose on the credulity of others. His veneration for truth and hatred of falsehood sometimes gave the appearance of severity to his words of reproof, but he was gentle, amiable and affectionate, in every respect a courteous and Christian gentleman. His life was truly beautiful and useful ; its grand aim accomplished, fidelity to Christ and to the work to which he had consecrated himself. Endeavoring to live up to t!ie spirit of the gos- pel, to walk worthy of his high vocation, his piety shone out brightly in the limited sphere of his daily, trials for the edification of those to. whose spiritual wants he ministereii, thus teaching them by example as well as by precept.— See Mm. Ser. iy Ben. Dr. Holmes, 1870. Publications : Art. in Sprague's Annals on Kev. G. R. Williamson. JoJmson, Wm. (entered Seeeder Oh.) Owasco, 1838-65, became Presbyterian. Johnson, Wm. L., (colored,) Lincoln Univ. Oxford, Pa., 1869 ; 1. CI. N.Y. 1869 ; Miss, to the colored people in North and South Carolina, 1869 — Jones David A. Hoxton Coll. Eng., London, Sem. of Ind. Dissenters, 1823, lie. by the civil magistrate, 1833 : (Foleshlll, Warwickshire, 1823-& 326 THE MINISTRY. Cliorley, Lancaster, 1839-34, liotli ia Eug., Danville, Ver. Cong. 1834-9,) Saratoga, 1839-44, Easton, N.Y., 1844-8, Union, 1848-50, Constantine, 1850-3, Minisink, 1853-8, Grahamville, and Upper Neversink, 1858-63, New-Concord, 1864-7, w. c, d. 1871. Jones, Gardner, (s. of Nicholas Jones ;) N.B.S. 1841 ; became a Eoman- ist in Indiana. Jones, Hbnet Wm. Fblton, b. at Antigua, W.I., 1839 ; Salt Hill Insti- tute, Eng., 1845, N.B.S. 1860, 1. CI. N.B. 1860 ; Bergen Point, 1860— Jones, Nathan W. E.G. 1850, N.B.S. 1853 ; Cleveland, 1853-4, S.S. Sharon, 1855-6, S.S. at Clove, 1856, Middleport, 1856-60, S.S. Dingman's Ferry, (or Upper Walpack,) 1861-3, w. c, died 187. .. Jones, Nicholas, studied under Mason, 1815; Sharon and New-Rhineheck, 1816-80, suspended, 1833, seceded independently, became a Baptist, died 1839. JONBS, Thos. Walker, (s. of D. A. Jones ;) E.G. 1864, N.B.S. 1867 ;"]. CI. Rensselaer, 1867 ; Pottersville, 1867-70, Fonda, 1870— JONGENBEL, LOTJis Geokge, b. at Paramaribo, Dutch Guiana, S.A. ; 1. in South-Africa, by CI. of Tulbagh, 1856 ; Miss, to heathen, at Aberdeen, S. Africa, afterward at Geres, 1856-66, c. to America ; Sayville, 1866-71, Miss, at Hohokus, N.J., 1871-3, Clymer Village, 1873-6, Lodi, N.J., 1878— JOEALMON, J. S. E.G. 1853, N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. Bergen, 1855 ; Miss, to China, 1855-8, voyage to America, July-Nov. 1858, Fairview, 1859 — Jordan, Mark, (colored,) 1. CI. N.T. 1823 ; African Gh. N.T. City, supplied, 1833-9, withdrew. Jiikes, Charles, b. in England, 1788, c. to America, 1880 ; (Edinburgh and Fish House, 1830-4, Amsterdam, Presbyt. 1834-9,) Glen, 1839^0, Glen and Auriesville, 1840-4, Stone Arabia and Ephratah, 1844-50, Eotterdam, 1850-63, d. He was the child of many prayers, and the early subject of religious in- struction. At sixteen, when leaving home for London, his pious mother charged him, with tears, not to forget the claims of God. At first, for a few years, he did forget ; but God did not forget 4he prayers offered in his be- half. In 1813 he was brought into the church,* under the ministrations of Eev. Thomas Morell, of St. Neots, Huntingdonshire. He at once became an active and useful Christian, beginning to preach on the Sabbatlis, as u, layman, having commendation from the churches in the various destitute villages within twenty miles of his home. His labors being greatly blessed, he resolved to devote himself entirely to the ministry, choosing Canada as his field. But, while sailing up the Hudson on a day- boat, the passengers, ascertaining that an English preacher was on board, asked him to preach. This he did, from the words in Daniel, "There is a. God, who revealeth secrets." A plain farmer, u non-professor, who heard him, asked him to THE MINISTRY. 327 give up Lis design of going to Canada, stating that tliere were two destitnte cliurches in Saratoga County whicli would gladly call him. This changed his course, and, during the four and a half years that he was at Glen, about seventy persons united with the church. By his faithful labors subse- quently he was instrumental in effecting the organization of the churches of Hagamau's Mills and Auriesville. He was a man of great catholicity' of spirit, though decided in his own views. He preached with boldness and zeal. His activity in the ministry was known and admired by all. He allowed nothing but personal sickness to interrupt him in his labors. His preaching was very acceptable, and greatly blessed. There is an excellent sketch of him in Ch. Int., July, 1869, by Eev. Mr. Dyer. — McClintocKa Cye. Julien, Eobt. D. N.B.S. 1852, 1. CI. N.B. 1852 ; Sharon, 1853-3. Justin, John, b. at Weinolsheim, Hesse, 1839 ; B.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1865 1. CI. N.B. 1865 ; North-Bergen, 1865— Kails, Wm., came from London, in 1756, with recommendation from Dr. Chandler ; [supplied Philadelphia, Ger. Eef. in 1756-7, Amwell, Ger. Eef. and the German Churches on the Earitan, 1757-9,] N.Y.C. Ger. 1759- 60. — Marbaugh's Lives, ii. 383. Kaesten, John H. B.C. 1860, N.B.S. 1863 ; Miss, to Forreston, HI., 1865-7, ' Oostburg, 1867-70, Alto, 1870— Kasse, a. K., c. to America, 1846, 1. CI. Geneva, 1851 ; Pultneyville, 1851- 61, Buffalo, 1861-64, Cleveland, 1864-8, Paterson, (Hoi. 2d,) 1868-74, d. Keating, T. V., cand. 1870, in CI. Bergen. Kellogg, C. D. C.X.J. 1861, P.S., 1. 2d Presbyt. N.T .1863 ; (Wilminaton, Del., 1863-7,) Northumberland, 1867-8, Northumberland and Fort Miller, 1868-73, Passaic, North, 1872— Kennedy, Duncan. XJ.C. 1835, P. S. 1837, (Galway, N.T., 1837-41,) Albany, 1841-55, (Troy, 2d Presbyt. 1855-. .) D.D. PxMications : Sermon on the death of Eev. W. J. Pohlman, Albany, 1849; the same delivered in New- York City before Gen^ Syn. June 10, 1849. — ^Dis- course at Inaug. of Dr. W. H. Campbell as Prof. Bib. Lit. 1851. Kemlo, Jas. E.C. 1875, N.B.S. 1878, lie. CI. N.B. Kennipe, , Canajoharie, 177. . He once suffered a merciless flagellation, from a hard man, by the name of Diel, as they rode together on, horseback, on the river's bank. The minister would not prosecute, but appealed to God, and, strange to say, both men died on the same night. Keimipe was a single man, and was thought to have been partially deranged. Kern, Feed., b. 1846 at Eisnach, Ger.; Leipzig Univ., Dubuque Sem., Iowa, 1868; lie. by Presbyt.; ord. by United Presb. Syn. of the North-west, 328 THE limiSTEY. Oct. 1868, [Warsaw, Wis. 1868-71, Carlstadt, N. X, 1871-6, botli Presb.,] Newark, West, 1876— Kern, John Micliael, [Heidelberg, Germany, 17. .-1763,] Ger. N.T.C. 1763- 71, Montgomery, N.Y., 1771-8; wasConferentie. A sermon of his, preached in 1767 in Ger. E.G., N.Y.C., was translated by Morris Fox, and pub- lished 1875. Kerr, Geo. Conesville, 1845-6, died 1867. Was an active man in tlie cause of education and temperance. Kkkshaw, John, b. at Paterson, 1843; U.S. 1868, lie. CI. Paramus, 1871; teaching, 1868-73 ; Stone House Plains, 1873— Kekshow, Joseph H. RC. 1850, N.B.S. 1853, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1863; Miss, at Bidgeway and Macon, 1853-5, Centreville, 1855-65, Kden, 1865- 67, New Salem, 1867-73, Gallupville, 1872-7, S.S. Sharon, 1877— Ketchum, Isaac S. , b. at Poughkeepsie, 1796 ; N.B. S. 1831, 1. CI. N.B. 1821 ; Salisbury, Manlieim, and Danube, 1822-3, Manheim and Stone Arabia, 1833-30, in 1833 also appointed Miss, to Columbia, Indian Castle, and Eem Snyder's Bush, and 1836-7 Miss, to Herkimer ; Stone Arabia and Ephratah, 1830-5, Miss, to Centreville and Three Rivers, Mich., 1835-8, d. 1863. He was an intimate friend of President Van Buren, who appointed him to the delicate task of removing some Indian tribes beyond the Mississippi. This he did satisfactorily, and received from the President an autograph letter, thanking him for his services. He then removed to St. Louis, where he became a farmer, and afterward hospital chaplain. [Kettletas, Ab., b. in N.Y. 1733 ; T.C. 1853 ; (Elizabethtown, N. J., Presb. 1757-60 ;) supplied Jamaica, 1760-3 ; died Sept. 30, 1798. He preached in English, Dutch, or French. The people at Jamaica desired him for their pastor, but the Classis of Amsterdam were not satisfied with his views on the divinity of Christ, and refused their assent. — See Sprague's Annals R.D.G. p. 20. I/etter 930, Amst. Cor. 1763.J [Kidenweiler, Rudolph. Long Swamp, Pa., 1754^62.] KiBKBNTVBLD, M. R.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1866, 1. CI. Holland, 1866 ; Grand- ville, 1867-70, Fremont Centre, 1870-3, Polkton, 1873-6, Detroit, 1876— Killough, Walter W. D.C. 1873, N.B.S. 1876, lie. by Presbyt Arkansas, 1876 ; laboring in Boone Co., Ark., 1870— « Kimball, Jos., b. at Newburgh, N.T., Aug. 17, 1830; U.C. 1839, Newburgh Sem. 1843, lie, Assoc. Ref. 1843; (Hamptonburgh, 1844-52 ; Hebron ; Brockport ;) Fishkill-on-the-Hudson, 1863-5, Brooklyn, 1805-74, d. Dec. 0. D.D. by R.C. 1866. He went to Brooklyn after twenty years of pastoral experience, strong and instinct with life and activity, his principles well settled, his temper THE irrsrisTKT. 329 sanctifiecl, a profound and most practical tlieologian, penetrating deeply the tilings of God, and capable of bringing tliem forth, in their justest and closest applications to the life and duty of man. He gave himself to study, to prayer, to preaching the word, and to spiritual and pastoral labors. For these things he labored often beyond the measure of his bodily strength, and was really spent in them for Christ and his Church's sake. His style of composition was correct and elevated. His sermons were the fruit of profound study, in which he sought to enter into the very mind of the Spirit of God in the particular passages on which he discoursed. His appearance in the pulpit was solemn and serious, and he threw his whole soul into the delivery of his message. The ardor of his piety gave tone and power to his prayers. The need in which sinners stand of the atonement and the spirit of Christ was ever recognized, and his supplications for the Spirit were constant and most earnest. His pastoral ministrations were equally faith- ful, affectionate, and wise, and were stamped with the image of his own faith and humUity and love. His visits to homes on which the shadow of death had fallen were greatly prized because of the genuine sympathy which he carried along with him and the scriptural consolations which he was remarkably skillful in suggesting. While in the full vigor of his usefulness he was seized with a fainting-fit in his pulpit while preaching a sermon commemorative of the building of the church, from the words, " We have thought of thy loving-kindness, God, in the midst of thy temple," (Psalm 48 : 9.) From this attack he never recovered. King, Fred. L. C.N.J. 1844, P.S. 1849 ; Tutor in C.X.J. 1849 ; (Nortli-Ha- verstraw); Miss, to Hudson City, X.J., 1855-7, w. t. 1857-9, Presbyt. Kip, Francis M. C.C. 1826, X.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. X.T. ; Bloomingdale, 1830-1, Ninth St., K.T.C. 1831-6, Fishkill, 1836-70, Huguenots, S.I., 1872-6,' Huguenots and Eichmond, 1876. Elected a trustee of E.C. 1860. S.T.D. by C.C. 1857. Publications : An Old Disciple and his Descendants, with an introd. cbapt. by Dr. Thos. De Witt, 1848.— Disc, at the 150th Anniv. of E.D.C. Fishkill, 1866.— Address at Fun. of Dr. C. C. Tan Cleef. Kip, Fbancis M., Jk., (s. of F. M. Kip;) V.S.Y. 1864, X.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie ; Linlithgo, 1867-9, FultonvUle, 1869— Kip, Isaac L., (s. of F. M. Kip ; ) E.C. 1855, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie ; East-Williamsburgb, 1861-3, Chaplain 159th Beg. N.T.V. 1862-3, Stuyve- sant Falls, 1864,-7, Schodack Landing, 1867-74, PeekskiD, 1874— Publications : Letter from Army, 1863, in MshUU Journal and Ch. Int.— In Memoriam H. F. See. Oh. Int., 1874.— Exegesis Matt. 26 :29. Hudson Minist. Assoc, 1866.— Essay on Eelation of the Ministry to the Church. H.E. Assoc. 1868.— The Prayer Test ; Conditions and Eesults. H.E. Assoc, 1873. Kip Leos-abd W. N.B.S. 186^, 1. CI. X.T. ; voyage to China, June-Sept. 1861, China, 1861-8 ; voyage to America, April-June, 1868 ; visiting the 330 THE MIXISTEY. churclies, Oct. 1868-9, Dec. ; voyage to China, Dec. 1869-70, March ; in China, 1870— Publications: Letters from China in t\\e Ch. Int. and &wer, 1861-. ..— Map of Araoy Mission, in Manual of Missions..— Ma^ of Palestine and Jour- neysof Paul, for Chinese converts. Kipp, Petek. N.T.U. 1867, N.B.S. 1870, lie. CI. Paramus ; Fishkill, 1870-4, Brooklyn, Bedford, 1877— Kirby, Thos., (alias Kirkham, M.O.S. 1. 338 ;) an independent minister from England, relicensed hy CI. N.Y. 1797 ; Staten Island, 1797-1801, sus- pended, restored; Elizabetown, Canada, 1801-. .—M.Q. 8yn. i. 309, 456. Kirkland, Eoht., w. c. 1833-6, Miss, to Sand Beach, 1836-7. Kirkwood, Eobt. From Presbyterian Ch. of Scotland ; Miss, to Manayunk, 1828-9, Cortlandtown, 1833-0, \v. c, d. 1866. Kissam, Samuel, b. in N.T.C. in 1796; tT.C. 1813, studied under Mason, and at N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 1817 ; Bethlehem and Coeymans, 1818-28, Bethlehem and Jerusalem, 1838-41, Coeymans, 1843-5, d. 1868. Publications : TAemovisls. 12mo, pp. 448. N.Y., 1859. Kittle, Andrew N., b. at Kinderhook, 1785; XJ.C. 1804; studied under Froe- ligh and Livingston, 1. CI. Paramus, 1806 ; Red Hook Lauding and St. John's, 1807-15, Red Hook Landing, St. John's, and Linlithgo, 1815-37, Upper Red Hook, 1837-33, Stuyvesant, 1835-46, w. c. 1864, d. He was a grandson of Do. Fryenmoet, and was early dedicated to the Lord. His first field of labor was extensive and important. Educated people were among his parishioners, as well as those who had been desti- tute of every advantage. He was indefatigable. Young, vigorous, and ardent, he entered upon his work with high resolve to be a good minister of Christ. He was a man of strong sense, of very considerable scholarship, well read in theology, and, so long as he was able, preached with clearness and power the doctrines of grace. Exceedingly happy in his family, and fond of his books, he had little or no taste for courting a vagrant notoriety abroad. For this reason he never took any active part in our ecclesiastical councils, never played the partisan in disputes in Church matters — his life flowing quietly and serenely on. And yet no man in the Church was more liberally endowed with precisely those gifts and attainments which fit their possessor for honorable service in public bodies. His fine presence and ready powers of debate occasionally displayed, quick and keen perceptions, united with independence of judg- ment and great depths of emotion, might have secured him, had his wishes been in that direction, no little prominence and influence in the conduct of Church affairs. But he sought no honors, titles, or praises. He was content to be a simple preacher and pastor. Always courteous and high-toned in his _ajHlJtLtiitiie 5c ^ ^ „ LATE SENIOR PASTOB OF THK COLLEGIATE CHURCH THE MIXISTRY, 331 inauner, lie was indeed a beautiful exemplification of the best style of tUe Christian gentleman. — See McClintoek's Cyc. Klyn, H. G. Graafschap, 1851-2, Milwaukee and Franklin, 1852-3, Mil- waukee, 1853-4, Grand Kapids, 2d, 1854-G, Kalamazoo, 1850-62, Chicago, 1st, 1863-8, emeritus. Knevels , St. John's, W.I., 18. .-. . See Mag. B.B.C. iii. 27.— Knox's St. Thomas, etc., W.I. Knieskern, Jos. E.G. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. Schoharie, 1841 ; Berne, 2d, and Knox, 1841-5, St. Johnsville, 1845-72, w. c. Knight, Richard Waller, b. in England 1794 ; c. to America 1820, 1. by Con- gregationalists ; Clove, 1835-8, Koxbury, 1838-41, Sand Beach, 1841^, Cato and Lysander, 1845-8, Cato and Wolcott, 1848-53, emeritus, d. Feb. 9, 1873. Knight, Wm. S.S. Moresville, 1841-3, Spottswood, 1846-7. Knowlton, Alb. W. N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. Kingston, 1860 ; N. and S. Hampton, 1860-4. ' Knouse, Chas. Ger. Eef., N.Y.C., 1833-7, Manhattan Ch., N.T.C., 1839-33, w. c. 1863, d. Knox, Chs. E. S.S. Utica, 1800-3. Knox, John, b. near Gettysburgh, 1790; Dick. Col. 1811, studied under Mason, lie. by Assoc. Ref. Pres. Philadelphia, 1815 ; New-York, 1810-58, d. Elected a trustee of B.C. 1825. D.D. He was descended from a chain of pious ancestry — Scotch Presbyterians in their relations. From childhood, he evinced great conscientiousness, tenderness, and affection, and a strict regard to every duty assigned him. In college he was regarded by all with respect and affection, and the asso- ciations then formed, whether with professors or students, were only terminated by death. In the Associate Reformed Seminary, among his fellow-students, there arose an attachment which bound them as with clasps of steel, and which became stronger with time. In 1816, he and his classmate, Paschal N. Strong, were called and settled, at the same time, over the church of New-Tork, and both continued in that single charge till death. For twenty-five years Dr. Knox was the senior pastor in the Colle- giate Church . His character presented a beautiful harmony and symmetry. There was no peculiar prominence in any trait, ao as to obscure and depress others. He was the model of a Christian gentleman. No hurried impulses or warping prejudices, no sharp dogmatism, no selfish indifference, pre- vented him from exhibiting, at all times and on all occasions, the calm, equable, humble, and dignified temper of a man who respects himself enough 382 THE MINISTEY, to respect others. Kind without an air of condescension, truthful without an ostentation of frankness, warm-hearted without credulity, scrupulously honorable, and punctiliously exact in the use of words and in the perfor- mance of his promises, he won the friendship of those who knew him, and - kept that friendship until the last. As a preacher he lacked what is commonly styled eloquence in delivery, but his manner had the best element of eloquence — persuasiveness. Never boisterous, never resorting to tricks of art, or follies of pantomime, he pre- sented the truth in a clear, bold, convincing, and winning form, so that his success in the high purpose of a Christian minister was far greater than that of more showy and fussy men. The matter of his sermons was always evangelical, and this was the chief secret of his long continuance in one charge, and of his undiminished influence throughout his pastorate. He was a man of disciplined, earnest,' and uniform piety, not swayed by fltf al impulses, and fluctuating in its nature, but it was a vital element in which he lived and moved. It breathed in his spirit, it spoke in his words, and acted in his life. Conscientiousness, simplicity, and integrity marked his character. He noted times and circumstances, in order to regulate his judgment and course of conduct, but guile was never found in his heart or on his lips. His judgment was sound, carefully trained, and of great jwactical wisdom. He was not a theorizer. He was much resorted to as a wise counselor in matters of difficulty and in cases of conscience. In his principles of faith and duty, he was fixed and unwavering. Of a prayerful spirit, no temptation could swerve him from the faith, or from the path of uprightness. His courtesy, kindness, and urbanity were also great. He was social in his spirit and in his habits. He could mix in the highest ranks of society without embarrassment, while no one knew better how to condescend to men of low estate. Tenderness of feeling appeared to those intimate with him»as a striking feature. He was a true son of consolation. In all his multiplied and various duties he was systematic and industrious, and a catholic spirit crowned his character. For more than forty years he dwelt by the side of his ministerial brethren of other denominations in unin- terrupted mutual respect and friendship. In his preaching, he was sound in sentiment, lucid in discussion, bearing the subject practically home to the consciences and hearts of his hearers. His preparation for the pulpit was careful. His manner was serious and bore the conviction of his cordial sincerity. Every reflecting mind and upright heart could not fail to be profited by his ministrations. As a pastor he was eminently attentive and useful. Few have surpassed him in this respect. His visits to the chamber of sickness and in seasons of afljiction were ever most grateful and highly prized. He occupied many prominent places of trust in the religious and educational institutions of the day, spending much time and performing much labor in their behalf. There was a tendency to pulmonary disease, yet voyages and care preserved his health, and during his last years he was unusually robust and vigorous. Having been engaged in pastoral visitation on a certain day, he returned home and passing on the back piazza, by some misstep he lost his balance, and fell on the pavement below, fracturing THE MliflSTEY. 333 Ilia skull. After lingering a few days in an unconscious state, he died. He was tlie greatness of goodness. " I would express Mm, simple, grave, sincere, In doctrine uncorrapt ; in language plain. And plain in manner ; decent, solemn, cliaste, And natural in gesture ; much impressed Himself, as conscious of his awful charge, And anxious mainly that the flock he feeds May feel it too ; affectionate in look. And tender in address, as well became A messenger of grace to gnilty man." See Memorial with Sermons by Drs. Chambers, Rogers, Vermilye and De Witt, and addresses hy Drs. Huttonand Van Vranken. McUlintock's Gye. Publications : The Duty and Kecessity of SearcUng tlie Scriptures, deliv- ered at tlie inaus. of Dr. John De Witt as Prof. Bib. Criticism at N.B. 1823. Reprinted in Mag. B.D.C. i. 41. — The Death of the Aged Pious a Blessing, delivered at the fun. of Dr. G. A. Kuypers, 1833.— Parental Re- sponsibility, 1824.— Letter from St. Thomas, W.I., 1828, Mag. B.D.C. iii. 2G. — Parental Solicitude, 1 884. — Comfort in Sorrow, a sermon at tlie fun. of the wife of the Rev. Dr. McElroy, 1836. — Preparation for Death, a ser. at fun. of Col. A. E. Thompson, TJ.S. Army, who was killed in battle with the In- dians in Florida, 1837. — The Church Glorious ; delivered at the dedication of the Lafayette Place Church, 1839 ; with an appendix containing an address at the laying of the comer-stone, 1836. — The Good and Faithful Servant ; deliv- ered at the fun. of Rev. Wm. Cahoone, 1849. — Address at the laying of Corner-Stone of 29th St. Ch. 1851.— The Character and End of the Perfect and Upright, delivered at the fun. of John Nelson, M.D., 1857. — Art in Sprague's Annals on Rev. Dr. G. A. Kuypers. — Also many sermons and ad- dresses in the papers. He was also the author of several largely circulated tracts of Am. Tract Soc. Knox,James Hall Mason. N.B.S.1845, 1. Cl.N.T. 1845; Easton, Pa., 1851-3, Presbyt. D.D. by C.C. 1861. Knox, John P. R.C. 1830, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. N.B. 1887; Nassau, 1838-^1, Utica, 1841-4, St. Thomas, W.I., 1847-54, (Presbyt. Newtown, L.I.) Publications: Hist, of R.D.C. Nassau, 1841. — Hist of Is. of St. Thomas, with notices of St. Croix and St. John's, 1851. [Kocherthal, Joshua, a Lutheran minister, born 1669 ; c. to America, 1708 ; supplied East and West Camp, 1708-9, again 1710-19, d. The epitaph on his gravestone at West-Camp, in bad German, is curious : "Know, traveler, beneath this stone rests beside his Sybilla Charlotte, a real (rec7der) traveler, the Joshua of the High Dutch in North-America, and a pure Lutheran preacher of the same on the East and West sidesof the Hudson River. His first arrival was with Lord Lovelace, Jan. 1, 1707-8 ; his second with Col. Hunter, June 14, 1710. His soul's heavenward jour- ney, on St. John's day, 1719, interrupted (unterbrach) his journey to Eng- 334 THE MINISTRY. land. Desirest tliou to know more ? Then inquire in Melancthon's land, ■wlio was Koclierthal, who Harschiaz, who Winsclienback. Berkeumayer, S. Heurtin, L. Brevoort, MDCCXLII." Transl. iy Br. J. B. Tlwmpson. See Col. HUt. v. 44, 52, 53, 62, 63, 214, 215. Many of the Germans of that section afterward fell into Datcli Reformed churches.] Koopman, H. R. Low Prairie, 1865-8, High Prairie, 1870-7. Kriekaard, Adrian, b. at Niewdorp, Neth., 1839 ; E.G. 1863, N.B.S. 1866, 1. CI. Holland, 1866 ; Eochester, 1866-8, Kalamazoo, 1868-76, Grand Eapids, 3d, 1876— Kriekaard, Cor., b. in the Netherlands ; H.C. 1874, N.B.S. 1877, 1. CI. N.B. ; Albany, 1877— Krueger, Chs. H. T., b. at Stettin, Pomerania, Ger., 1850; E.G. 1874, N.B.S. 1877, lie. S. CI. L.I. ; Newark, East, 1877. Krum, Josephius D. R.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861 ; Florida, 1861-5, (Seneca Falls, Presbyt. 1865-..) Kuss Sandusky City, 1855-6. KuTPER, A. C. Ebenezer, (Holland, Mich.) 1867-77, w. a. Kuypers, Gerardus Arense, b. 1766, in CuraQoa, (son of War. Kuypers ;) studied under D. Eomeyn and H. Meyer, lie. by Synod of D.E. Chs. 1787 ; Paramus, 1788-9, New- York, 1789-1833, d. (Also appointed Teacher of Heb. 1799.) A.M. by O.N.J. 1810. D.D. by Q.C. 1810. His father removed to this country when Gerardus was but two years old. He was licensed to preach at the early age of nineteen. He was called from Paramus, to preach in Dutch, in the Garden Street church, and he con- tinued to ofBclate in that language till 1803. He was a modest, retiring man, never seeking popularity. His great desire, in his several duties, was to please his Master. He was a man of the greatest uprightness and sincerity. In his character there was a beautiful symmetry and harmony. Meekness and humility were his prominent traits. The jealousy of superior talent and reputation was a sentiment to which he was s, stranger. He was pe- culiarly useful and happy in the chamber of sickness, being a "sou of con- solation," rather than a " sou of thunder.", I His pastoral gifts and qualifications were excellent — social, affable, cour- teous, kind, bringing comfort into every family which he entered. Ho was a man of sound judgment, and of taste ; of mildness, yet of firmness, when principle was involved. He possessed a delicate and almost unerring, in- stinctive sense of propriety — a mati of peace and prudence, to a proverb. He was generally silent as a member of the Church courts, but his opinion when given was always judicious. For many years he had been regarded by his coadjutors as a living chronicle of past events, and his decision on usages and precedents was final. He was not superior in learning, but an excellent divine and systematic theologian of the Old School. He was also THE SIIXISTET. 335 / no friend to innovations, in doctrine or usages, and hence by many was considered too cautious and formal. He believed that all true religion must be based on knowledge, and Uence he was the enemy of all wild enthusiasm, but he prized highly Christian experience. He considered true piety to consist of communion of the soul with God. In early life, he had been a close student, and read extensively and with profit. But the Bible was his great book of study, and no one was more familiar with its contents. His was the ornament of a meek and quiet spirit, as he held on the even tenor of a blameless and consistent life. — See Addresses at Ms Fun. iy Drs. Brodhead and Knox. Bprague's Annals. Gunn's Livingston, ed. 1S56,Z^. McGlintock's Cyc. Kuypers, Warmoldus, b. in Holland, 1732, studied at University of Gronin. gen, (in company with Westerlo, Eysdyck, and H. Meyer,) {Curai;oa, 17. .- 68,) Rhinebeck Flats, and S.S. at Upper Red Hook and the Landing, 1769- 71, Hackensack, (2d) and Schraalenburgh, (2d) 1771-97, d. Mr. Kuypers was settled over that part of the church at Hackensack, which had belonged to the Conferentie party. They remained unrepresent- ed in Classis, after the articles of union between the parties, for fifteen years. He was a contemporary for three years with Goetschiua, for nine years with D. Eomeyn, and for nine with Solomon Froeligh. The controversies of the day greatly marred the usefulness and comfort of those servants of God. Their trials were neither few nor small. They also stood aloof from the other section of the community in Hackensack, because of a certain charter which that party had obtained, covering, it is supposed, the church proper- ty, in an offensive way. (Fkobligh, Goetschitjs, Cuhtenius. ) Tet Mr. Kuypers himself seems to have been a peaceful and quietly-disposed man. He was in his old age, while Mr. Froeligh was in his prime, which was greatly to the disadvantage of his people. He had been separated from his people for five days, with an ample provision on their part to pay him an annuity for life, when he died. Says one concerning him, " As long as I have known him, has he given conspicuous example for imitation, without being interrupted by a single transaction over which it is necessary to cast a veil. In short, this is the portrait of the man I love and esteem. Grace without austerity — friendly without dissimulation, and religious without hypocrisy. This can not be deemed flattery, for my soul abhors it. Fre- quently has he regretted the state of the church, and trusted that Provi- dence would still the waves of- contention, and say, 'Hitherto shalt thou come and no further.' I have more than once desired him to meet with the consistory during the dispute, and his general answer was, ' Trouble I hate. I have great cause to be thankful to Providence for the number of years of my life already past ; but my glass is nearly run, and the bright prospect of a blessed hereafter fast opening to my view. The concerns of the tempo- ralities of the church I wish to leave to others !' " — Jolm Van Buren, M.D. Kuypers, William Provost, (s. of Warmoldus Kuypers,) b. at Hackensack, 1773 ; studied under Livingston, lie. by Synod of D.E. Chs. 1792 ; Miss. on Delaware, 1793-8, Paramus, 1793-6, susp. 1797, deposed, 1797, re- 336 THE MINISTRY. Stored, 1798. :Boonton, 1801-5, (Hempstead, Presbyt. 1805-18,) Miss. iu Soutli--west, especially in Texas, and Ked Kiver district, 1813-31, w. c, d. 1851. Laboring under a misconception, he accused Rev. Solomon Froeligli of defrauding a man on Long Island of a watcli, -wbicli was explained by liis hasty flight when the British entered the Island allowing no opportu- nity for him to pay for it. This circumstance led to language in a Classical meeting in 1796 which resulted in discipline. Mr. K., with the spirit of a Christian, subsequently acknowledged his error, and was fully restored. Declining health compelled him to abate his labors on Long Island, when he undertook a useful mission to the South-west. His ministry was varied, peaceful, and happy, and the close of his life tranquil and blessed. Devoid of ambition, he lived to do good in his generation. Though an octogena- .rian, his mental vigor, sight, and hearing remained uiiimpaired to the last. His sickness wag short, serene, and peaceful, cheered by a steadfast faith, and illuminated by a glorious hope. By them who knew him best was he esteemed the most. Kuypers, Zechariah H., (s. of Warmoldus Kuypers,) b. at Ehinebeck, 1771 ; studied under Livingston, 1. 01. of Hackensack, 1793 ; Jamaica, New- town, Success, Oyster Bay, and Lakeville, 1794^-1803, Jamaica, Success, Oyster Bay, and Lakeville, 1803-18, Success, Oyster Bay, and Lakeville, 1818-34, Ponds, WyckoflF, and Preakness, 1835-41, w. c. 1841-8, emeri- tus, d. 1850, Oct. — See Prime's Z.I. 395. In his extended field on Long Island, living at Jamaica, he set out from home with his sulky on Friday or Saturday, returning on Monday or Tues- day. He availed himself of the hospitality of his people, and made pastoral visits. He was fond of his pipe, and told long stories, which were eagerly listened to by the children. He was of a, mild temper, unsuspicious, and lacked worldly wisdom. In the pulpit he gave very good sermons from memory, but his mind, absorbed in recalling the words, was not enough at leisure to give emphasis to tliem also, so that his delivery became monoto- nous and mechanical. In politics he was a Federalist. — S. Onderdonk. Kyl6, Thomas. Salt Kiver, Kentucky, 1804r-16, became a Methodist. Labagh Ab. I. N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. N. Y. 1836 ; Evangelist at Ehinebeck, 1836-. ., St. Thomas, W.L, 1837-43, Gravesend, 1843-59, w. c. 1865, d. Labagh, Isaac, studied theol. under Livingston, lie. by the Synod of D.K. Chs. 1788 ; Kinderhook, 1789-1801, Canajoharie, Stone Arabia, and Sharon, 1801-3, New-Rhinebeck, and Sharon, 1803-11, Qreenbush and Wy- nant's Kill, 1811-15, Ger. Ch., N.Y.C., 1815-33, New-Rhinebeck, 1828-7, Miss, to TJtica, 1827-37, d. Labagh, Isaac P., (3. of Peter Labagh;) N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1836 ; Waterford, 1837-80? supplied Orchard St., N.Y., 1881-3, Gravesend, 1833-43, w. c. 1843-5, suspended for heresies concerning Second Advent and the Christian Sabbath. Episcopalian. -"^^h^f ""^ -ffiHy * 2^ -A .3" JZ£tt»i» ■^y(h^^--^^^ o^(^ C/t^^ c>^(^ THE MINISTKV. 337 Publications: Review of Dr. McClelland on Bib. Interp. 1843.— A Ser. on Personal Reign of CliriBt. 1846.— Twelve Lects. on Great Events of Un- fulfilled Prophecy. 1859.— Tlieoklesia, or the Organization, Perpetuity, Con- flicts and Triumplis of tlie One Holy, CatU. Apost. Cli. 1868. Labagh, Peter, b. in Nevr-York, 1773 ; studied under Froeligh. and Living- ston, 1. CI. Hackensack, 1796 ; Miss, to Salt River, Kentucky, 1796-7, Cats- kill and OakMU, 1798-1809, Harlingen and Ne-Shanic, 1809-21, Harlin- gen, 1821^4, w. c. 1844-58, d. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1811. D.D. by Q.C. 1811. His ancestors mingled the pious blood of France and Holland. Early in life lie removed to. Hackensack, and united with the church of Dr. Froeligh. He undertook the tedious journey of nine hundred miles on horseback, to respond to the call for gospel service in Kentucky. He there organized the church of Salt River, in Mercer County. At Harlingen, in 1831, he was blessed with a powerful revival. He was a man of much more than ordinary powers of mind. He was re- markably rapid in apprehension, sound in his judgment, and correct and delicate in his taste ; his faculties were well balanced, and he had a large measure of what is ordinarily called common sense. Without any thing in appearance, manner, or voicei to recommend him, he was nevertheless a very profitable preacher, especially when he prepared his discourses with some care. He was an earnest speaker, and had much of the practical and experi- mental in his discourses, while, at the same time, his doctrinal statements were sound and scriptural. He was very much at home in deliberative ecclesiastical assemblies, large and small, and exercised great influence in them. He was very much attached to his own denomination, -while he felt a deep interest in the welfare of every part of the Church of Jesus Christ. He was eminently social and genial in his disposition and habits, far beyond what his expression and manner would seem to indicate. He had a power of sarcasm and satire about him that was rather formidable, and a talent for retort and repartee which it was not easy to cope with. He was widely known in our Church, and was greatly instrumental in promoting her inter:, ests. He had a large share in the confidence of his brethren in the minis, try. He might have made much more of himself than he did, considering his natural powers and advantages, yet he was a very valuable and useful man, and his memory will always be cherished. — Bm. Br. O. Ludlow. Dr. Bethune writes concerning him : " Of Father Labagh's early or even riper years, I know little, and that little only by hearsay — the grateful unanimous testimony of all who had the privilege of association with him, to his devotional spirit, fidelity, sagacity, and consistent virtues as a man, a Christian, and a minister. " I call him Father Labagh, for by that aflFectionate name all the members of our Classis, much younger than he, were accustomed to greet and address him. He was om: father, to whom we gladly yielded the place of superior authority, whose counsel was at once sought, and very seldom, if ever, over, borne, in every question of disputed doctrine, method of business, or eccl&- 33 338 THE MINISTRY. siastical policy, Hi3 prayers, occasional exliortations, and informal talks had for us tlxe unction and pleasant authority of the aged disciple among his little children. He resembled, in our minds, the apostle of love, not only in the kindness of his speech, but also in the searching casuistry which ho had acquired from a long experience of a Christian and ministerial life. Never arrogant or severe, but ever direct and faithful ; never assuming, but ever thankful for our ready deference, he could not avoid being conscious of the rank we assigned in our fellowship, yet he ever treated the youngest and meekest of us with the respect and sympathy of true Christian friendship. " It was this character that drew me to him, with a love and veneration which increased with every opportunity I had of enjoying his society. Perhaps this very manifest regard for him inclined him to think kindly of me ; for he always treated me so as to make the hours I passed in his com- pany very pleasant andr profitable then, and the recollection of them will be cherished while my memory lasts. " He had a keen sense of the ludicrous, and often showed it in pointed, epigrammatic sayings, and even in sarcasm, the sharpness of which was relieved by his good humor. He never shrank from the duty of rebuke, which none who received it had a right to be otherwise than thankful for. He read characters with instinctive skill, and was shrewd enough to avail himself of every advantage in an honorable strife ; nor was he disingenuous enough to conceal his pleasure in a plain victory. "The special grace of his disposition was its unfading youthfulness. Wherever he grew old, it was not in his heart. The generosity which moved him to forget himself or his personal power in the advancement of the Church was not lessened but increased by age. He was always on the side of true progress, never fearful of enterprise or enlargement ; but on the contrary ready, even eager, to give his aid and advocacy to whatever prom- ised Increase of usefulness. He grew neither dull, morose, nor pragmatical, but was cheerful as morning, loving the sunshine rather than the shade, and sympathetic with the happiness of others, fully appreciating the wisdom of the inspired maxim, that ' a merry heart doeth good like a medicine. Frugal, temperate, and self-regulated, he was as free from asceticism as he was from world-worship. Toung people never felt his presence an unwel- come restraint, and conversation was enlivened by his sprightly reminis- cences and witty pleasantries." — See Todd's Memoir of Bim. Fan. 8er. hy Rev. Dr. &. Ludlow. Letters on, Death of, by Drs. Yan Teehten, WiUiwm- son, Bethune, in Memoir. McClintock's Gyc. PuWications : Extracts from his Inaugural at Harlingen, 1809, Charge to Heermance, 1833, and Ser. on Death of Kev. W. R. Smith, are given in Memoir. Labaw, Geo. Warns, b. 1848 in Allertown, N.J. ; E.G. 1869, N.B.S. 1873, lie. CI. Philadelphia ; Northumberland and Fort MUler, 1878-4, Blue Mountain, 1874 — Laborie, Jas., (French Eef.;) Oxford, Mass.. 1699-1704, X.Y.C, 1704-6, he- FULTON STREET CHURCH, NEW YORK CITY. 1769-1874. THE MINISTRY. 339 came Episcopalian. Died about 1734. Boc. Hist. iii. 350. Col. Mist. iv. 684, 755 ; v. 63. Laes, Henry, a minister at Fort Altona, on the Delaware, was disgraced and fined for mal-conduct, Ap. 10, IQQQ.—Mag. B.D.C. iii. 54. Laidlie, Archibald, b. at Kelso, Scotland, Dee. 4, 1737 ; University of Edin- burgh (Flushing,* Holland, 1759-63,) New-Tork, 1703-79, d. S.T.D. by CKJ., 1770. He kept a diary of his life, giving us his spiritual experiences. He cared not for outward appearances, for the display of much knowledge, for polem- ics, or for the polish of style and diction, but he was anxious to have his heart thoroughly imbued with the saving influences of the gospel. He looked upon doctrines chiefly in reference to their heavenly and purifying efficacy. Theory was nothing without practice. Hence he sought to make every doctrine tell on the heart of his audience, by coming from his own heart warmed with the consciousness of the loveliness and worth of the truth. He believed that, to be an able steward of the gospel, one must have sat long at the feet of Jesus, and have drank deep of his spirit and grace. Hence he was one of the most spiritual, practical, and heart-search- ing preachers of his day. His tastes led him to no profound discussions. His amiability kept him separate from polemics. He presented the pure doctrine of Christ with evidences, brief yet clear, noticing extremes and * As early as 1586 the Scotch eBtablished a church at riushing, and now for nearly three hundred years have they maintained their own form of worship in the English langnage. Scotch churches, using the English language, were also established at Middleburgh, 1611, at Dort, 1622, and at Kotterdam, 1643. The English Presbyterians established a church at Amsterdam, 1607, and at Kotterdam, 1623. The Scotch churches of Flushing and Middle, burgh, being only four miles apart, were united in 1815 by royal decree, and are now served by one minister. The English Presbyterian church at Kotterdam was for a while so large as to need the services of two ministers. The English Episcopalians also established Eng- lish-speaking churches at Amsterdam, 1698, and at Rotterdam, 1700. These, besides having funded property, receive help from the British government. In 1816, with the New Begula- tiOTis then adopted, the English and Scotch churches, as well as the Walloon, were included in the Butch Classes. Previously to this, when a pastor was to be installed, the Classis would depute two or three of their members to attend, but the new-comer was always in- ducted into his charge by a countryman of his own. He was only required to bring the proper testimonials. If he came as a licentiate, he was sometimes finally examined and ordained by a Dutch Classis, and sometimes he returned to Britain for ordination. Until 1S16, for more than two centuries, the validity of the English or Scotch Presbyterian ordination was never questtoned in Holland. But with the decline of piety and the changes of 1816, foreign ordination began to be questioned. No correspondence was permitted with foreign churches except by permission of the King. Ordained ministers from Great Britain were strictly examined again, before admission to a Dutch Classis. These ezamiuations were to be con" ducted in Latin or French, but differences of pronunciation compelled them to permit the examinations to be made in English, and by the English ministers. The Dutch said, " If the ceremonyK>f ordination performed in another country be not respected in England and Scotland, it is bnt equitable that among us also no one be admitted, until after previous examination, to the ministry, who has received ordination in a foreign land, but has not been a stated pastor in any congregation." After a few years, this rule fell into desuetude, and the certificates of all Presbyterian institutions in Great Britain, were honoied.— Stevens' Dutch Ecc. EstablishTnent, 1839. 340 THE MINISTRY. errors, and then cautioning, reproving, advising, and comforting. He pos- sessed a minute and extensive knowledge of human nature, and of the Christian's trials and joys, and he brought forth from his treasury things new and old. ~He was unusually successful in winning souls. A great re- vival attended his efforts. His manner was plain, easy, and affectionate. He was a faithful pastor. He was humble and grave, bold, persevering, ,-patient of injuries and reproaches, indefatigable, full of charity and cour- teous feeling. On the back of a characteristic sermon, on Ps. 63 : 8, dis- playing great force and richness of Christian experience, a warmth of pious feeling, and a pathos and divine unction unusually instructive and touch- ing, he has written, in his own hand, " Preached in the North Church, Feb. 25, 1770. N.B. — The Lord was pleased to bless this to many of God's people. Thanks to His divine goodness ! He leaves us not without a witness." He was the first English preacher in America among the Re- formed from Holland. He came amid much opposition, on account of the prejudice of many against the English language. Dr. Livingston frequently adverted to the salutary influence which the ministry of Laidlie exerted not only in his own denomination, but in the cause of religion in the city. His diary, or parts of it, will be found in Mag. B.D.C. iii. Domines Eitzema and De Ronde, with several laymen, were appointed a committee to procure from Holland a minister to preach in English. Their letter and Dr. Laidlie's re- ply may be seen in Oh. Int., Feb. 19 and 26, 1857. De Eonde afterward, liowever, sided with the opponents of English preaching, in the lawsuit which grew out of it. Di. Laidlie died of consumption, at Red Hook, while in exile from the city on account of the Revolution. — See Mag. B.D.O. ii. 33-38, 161, 314, iii. 5, 24, 70, 107, 299, 360. Gunn's Livingston, 1st ed. 105, 106. Doo. Hist. iii. 309, 311. Sprague's Annals. McClintock's Gye. Mints. Oh. N. Y. Amst. Oor. Publications: A part of his Introduct. Ser., 1764, in Sprague's Annals, p. 41, Mag. B.D.O. ii. 161. He translated the Heidelberg Catechism from LatinintoBnglish, for use in R.D.C., about 1770. De Eonde had in 1763 made an English version also, probably from the Dutch. Bee Oentenniai Discs., 87, 88. Laing, J. Argyle, 1833-3. Lane, Gilbert, b. at Readington, N. J., 1838 ; E.G. 1851, N.B.S. 1854, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1854 ; ord. by CI. North-Carolina, (3.R.C.,) May, 1850 ; [North-Carolina, as Miss, of Qer. Eef. Ch. 1855-7,] Gallupville and Knox, 1857-60, [Schooley Mountain and Mansfield, 2d ; Presbyt. 1860-6 ;] also Chaplain in army, 1864-5, Florida, 1866-73, S.S. Three Bridges, N.J., 1877, w. 0. Lang, John Ebbnbzek, b. 1889, at SchafFhausen, Switz. ; grad. at Schaff- hausen, 1859 ; at Basle, Zurich, and Tubingen, 1865 ; lie. by 01 , 1866 ; ord. Presb. 1860; [Wilkesbarre, Pa., 1866-75, Presbyt.] N.T.C. Melrose, 1875- THE MIXISTSY. 341 [Lange, COiarles, Frederick, Md., 1760-8.] Laksing, Ab. G. U.C. 1853 ; New-Salem and Clarksville, 1858-62, Saratoga, 1862-7, Saratoga and Fort Miller, 1867-8, Miss, at Pella, 1868-70, Otley, Iowa, 1870-2, Norris, 111., 1873-4, Irving Park, 1874-7, New-Salem, 1878— Lansing, Jacob A., b. at Watervliet, 1792, KB. S. 18-12, 1. CI. Schenectadj-, 1842 ; Wynantskill, 1842-8, w. c. 1856, d. It was late in life wlien lie entered tlie ministry. In liis twentietli year liis constitution was shattered by a severe attack of typhus fever, and for twenty-two years he was an invalid. Upon regaining his health, he conse- crated himself to the ministry. He was a plain, practical, pointed, experi- mental, earnest preacher, a man of much prayer, and of irreproachable con- sistency of conduct. The short term of Ms single pastorate was prosperous, and he was greatly beloved by his people. His mind, while not vigorous, was single in purpose. Laksing, Johit a. U.C. 1842, Jf.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1845; S.S. Day, 1845-8, Bethlehem, 2d, 1848-60, Catskill, 1860-6, Sec. Bd. Publica- tion, 1866-75, S.S. Coxsackie, 2d, 1877, Chaplain Am. Union Ch., Kome, Italy, 1878, S.S. Spring Valley, 1879. D.D. by U. C. 1861. Piib. : Ministerial Support. 1834. Lansing, John Gulian, b. in Syria, 1851; U.C. 1875, X.B.S. 1877, lie. CI. Montgomery ; Mohawk, 1877 — Lansing, John V. S. Ham. C. 1821, P. S. 1824, tta. by seceders ; Wynants' and Fooster's KUl, 1824-6, Tappan and Clarkstown, 1826, w. c. 1826-9, Associate Be/., Bloomingdale and WMte Lake, 1829-32, i.] P'ub. : Address to Friends of Sound Doctrine, etc., in T. R. D. C. Pub. aTWnymously. Lansing, Nicholas, b. at Albany, 1748; studied under Westerlo, lie. by Gene- ral Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1780 ; Ancram, Stisslck, and Liv- ingston Manor, (the latter representing Greenbush, Linlithgo, and Tagh- kanie,) 1781-4, Tappan and Clarkstown, 1784-1830, Tappan, 1830-5, d. In early life he was master of an Albany and New-York sailing-vessel. While pursuing this calling he was brought to the Saviour. He long cln.ng to his own righteousness ; but being led in a prayer-meeting, under a severe assault of Satan, to feel the corruption of his nature, his pride gave way. Relating his experience, he said, " Then my proud sails came down, and I saw that I must be saved by free, sovereign, and unmerited grace." In this grace he was soon led firmly to trust. Almost immediately thereafter he felt himself powerfully drawn to the ministry. In despite of much oppo- sition and very feeble health, he soon began his studies. His physician said he would not reach the pulpit; but he did reach it, and was spared for a ministerial career of more than a half-century. He preached regularly till the second Sabbath before his death. He was a faithful, laborious servant of Christ, earnest in regard to his own spiritual life, and deeply concerned 342 THE MIXISTEY. for tlie salvation of liis people. He passed much time day and niglit in Lis study, fasting muoli and being mucli in prayer. He usually spent much of tlie night, and sometimes the whole night, in praying. His clothing always gave way first upon the knees. In declaring the counsel of God, he' never knew a fear of man. Throughout his entire ministry, he devoted his second Sahhath service for sis months in each year to the exposition of the Heidelberg Catechism. He was cheerful and pleasant in company, and full of anecdote and life. Yet his conversation was deeply spiritual, free from levity, and of a deeply impressive character. His preaching was adapted to produce, and did produce, the deepest reverence and humility in the hearts of his hearers. It awakened deep conviction of siu, and ear- nest desire for salvation. It stripped oflF self-righteousness. It led to de- pendence on Christ alone. It taught believers to maintain good works, and to glorify God by a walk becoming the gospel. Its fruits are still manifest in the families reared under his ministry. Many of his impressive words are even yet, and frequently, repeated by those who heard them more than thirty years ago. A few of his latest sermons were delivered mainly in a sitting posture, though sometimes in his earnestness he would rise for a short time to his feet. When he did so, his hearers always feared that he would fall, and felt greatly relieved when he resumed his chair. He sat at his last service, having reached the place of worship only with the help of his colleague and a member of his "consistory. He preached as if conscious that he was uttering his last public words. He earnestly reminded his peo- ple of his past instructions. " I have never preached to you ' Do and live,' he said, but ' Live and do. ' " Eecalling how much he had always dwelt upon the nature, the necessity, and the evidences of the new birth, saving faith, true repentance, and a godly life, he repeated what he said was now necessary for them to know for salvation, and earnestly exhorted all present to attend to the one thing needful. All felt that he was preaching as a dying man to dying men. The next Friday he was seized with the disease which terminated his life. In his last illness he was constantly engaged in prayer, or in giving instruction and counsel to those around him. Waking from sleep a short time before he breathed his last, he exclaimed, " We can not know our depravity." Soon after, he fell asleep in Jesus. — Sev. Da/oid Cole. He was characterized by great , earnestness of manner, and defense of the truth. He was very warm against the rising Hopkinsian doctrines of the day. He was a sound, plain, practical preacher. His illustrations were often quaint. Living at Tappan, on the west side of the Hudson, he said, about the inability of the sinner, " He could no more save himself, than he could take up this church and throw it over into Tarrytown." The church, moreover was a solid stone structure. He was very hospitable, and warmly welcomed the younger ministry to his house. He preached sitting, when he could no longer stand, at the age of 87. In his last efEort he said he had prayed for five timeip his usual strength, and he had it, for his farewell to his people, when he sank back exhausted. In his last hours he was inces- santly engaged in prayer, or in singing, or recalling the promises of God. — J^ev. John Manley. McGlintock's Cye. Ch. Int., Jan. 25, 1873. THE iCraiSTET. 343 (Larimore, Jas. Wilson. N.T.IT. 1856, P.S. and U.S. 1859; (S.S.) Cold Spring, 1860?) [Larose, Jolin Jacob, b. 1755, lie. by Presbyt. of Philadelphia, (?) 1795 ; Guilford Co., N.C., 1795-1804, Montgomery Co., Ohio, 18(|4-12, organizing the Ger. Eef. Chg. of St. John's, 1805, Stettlers, 1806, and Germantown, 1809.] Larzelere, Jacob, b. 1775; studied theol. under Livingston, 1. CI. N.T., 1796 ; N. and S. Hampton, 1797-1828, d. 1834. A.M. by C.C, 1804. Pvblications : A Sermon on the Death of Gerard Wynkoop. 1813. Lasheb, Caltin E. E.C. 1870, N.B.S. 1878, lie. 01. Hudson; Guilford, 1873— LaTourette, J. A. M. N.T.U. 1848, P.S. 1851, 1. Presbyt., N.Y.; West- field, (now Huguenots,) S.I., 1853-4, Presbyt. La"weence, Egbert Chaeles, b. at Borodino, Onondaga Co., N.T., 1845 ; TJ.C. 1869, P.S. 1875, lie. Presbyt. N.B., Feb. 3, 1875 ; ord. Presbyt. Brook- lyn, Oct. 28,1875; [Brooklyn, Grace Ch., Presbyt., 1875-6, assisted in publication of Jas. B. Thompson's new Algebra, and made the key to it, 1876-7 ;] S.S., Owasco Outlet, 1877-8, Schenectady, 2d, 1878— Lawrence, Wm. H. B.C. 1874, N.B.S. 1877. Lawsing, Sidney Oscah. N.B.S. 1879. Lee, Robert P., b. 1803, at Torktown, N.T.; Dick. Col. 1824, N.B.S. 1828, 1. S. 01. N.Y. 1828; Miss, in N.T.O., 1828-9, Montgomery, 1829-58, d. Elected trustee R.C., 1851. D.D. by E.G., 1854. In the Seminary he was a close student. He possessed a clear and dis- criminating mind, and a very retentive memory. Familiar with sacred and profane history, he could state facts and dates accurately, and was of more than ordinary attainments. He was noted for his decision of character, and ■was a great lover and defender of the doctrines of grace. He had a number of fine qualities, -which peculiarly distinguished him in the Classis. A man of almost unfailing prudence and practical wisdom, he was the counselor of surrounding churches, and the arbiter whose advice settled a host of con- gregational and classical diflSculties. His decisions were seldom disputed, and never charged with haste or passion. Hence, his influence as a minis- ter was unusually great, while he was among the most modest of men. His prayers were often spoken of as the simple, earnest, and touching utter- ances of a child of God, and few excelled him in this grace. His sermons were designedly free from the ornaments of rhetoric, but were clear, full of gospel truth and experience, carefully prepared, well delivered and impres- sive — often truly eloquent.— iJej). C7i. Scoit. McClintock's Cyc. Lb Fetre, Jas., b. at New-Paltz, N.T.; B.C. 1854, N.B.S. 1857, 1. cl Kingston, 1857 ; Baritan, 3d, 1857— Dec. 1874, Middlebush, Jan. 1875— ^^^ THE MmiSTRY. Publications: Sketcli of Rev. Dr. B. E. Hall, in Chridian Intelligencer, January 29, 1863, and in Manual. — Thanksgiving Sermon, Somerset Union- ist, November 29, 1863.— Assistant Editor of " Our Home," a magazine pub- lisbed at Somerville, 1873.— Discourse on Death of Rev. Wm. Cornel], D.D., in Somerset Gazette, October 33, 1876.— Twelve Annual Reports, 1864r-76, as Corresponding Secretary of Somerset Co._, jST.J., (S.S.) Associar tion, to the State Association. Leggbtt, Wm. Jas., b. at Ghent, N.Y., 1848; R.C. 1873, N.B.S. 1875,1. CI. Hudson ; Schodack Landing, 1875 — Leblbach, Fred; A. From Grand Duchy of Baden, 1850; Newark, 3d, 1850-61, suspended. Lente, James R., b. at Newtown, L.I., 1833 ; R.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1850, 1. N. 01. L.I. ; Wawarsiug, Jan. 1853-4, Rosendale and Bloomingdale, 1855-63, 1868, emeritus. [Lentz, see Loritz.] Lbpeltak, Peter. R.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1865, 1. CI. Holland, 1865; High Prairie, 1865-70, Greenleafton, Minn., 1870-7, Overyssel, 1877— Letard, Peter, (Fr. Ref.,) Fordham, 1713-44? He was the last Huguenot minister at Fordham. — Bolton's Westchester Co. ii. 333. Lbtson, Wm. W. R.C. 1851, N.B.S. 1854, 1. CI. N.B. 1854 ; Ghent, 1st, 1856-64, Gilboa, 1864-8, Amity, 1868— Leydekker, see Lydekker. [Leydich, John P., b. 1715 ; c. to America, 1748 ; Faulkner Swamp and Providence, Pa., 1748-71, (?) itinerated, supplying Upper Milford and Salz- burg, Pa., d. 1784. — HarbaugKs Lives, ii. 384.] Leydt, Johannes, b. in Holland, 1718 ; studied under Frelinghuysen and (joetschius, lie. by Coetus, 1748; New-Bmnswick and Six Mile Run, 1748-83, d. He was a Hollander by birth, and, with an elder brother, emigrated to this country, settling at first in Dutchess County, near Fishkill, N.Y. The Classis of Amsterdani very reluctantly permitted his ordination in this country. His whole ministerial life was spent in one field of labor ; and, while he does not seem to'have left any distinct impressions of his pulpit talents, he is represented to have been a very laborious minister. In connection with the organization of new churches, the calling and installation of pastors, and the healing of difiiculties in congregations, we shall find the name of Mr. Leydt. He took a warm interest in the great conflict which agitated the Church, and, as a memlDer of the liberal and progressive party, he com- manded a wide influence. Several pamphlets are still preserved which ho wrote during this period, evincing a thorough knowledge of the points in controversy, and showing him to be a man of broad and Christian views. THE MINISTEY. 345 These were replied to by Eitzema. At the meeting of General Synod, at New-Paltz, in 1778, he was elected President. During the war of the Eev- olntion, he was a firm patriot, preaching upon the topics of the day so as to arouse the enthusiasm of the people, and counseling the young men to join the army of freedom. In the cause of education his efforts were earty and devotedly enlisted. He was one of the prominent movers in the or- ganization of Queens, now Rutgers College. Appointed one of the trustees by the charter, he warmly advocated its claims, and gave to this cause his best energies. Mr. Leydt is described as a short, stout man, of dark features, very quick in his movements, and in his disposition kind and affable. As a pastor he is said to have been highly esteemed, and to have had a peculiar faculty of drawing around him the young people of his charge. His dress was the classical costume of the times, and in his manners he was a gentleman of the old school. During the early part of his ministry his preaching was in the Dutch language ; in his later years one-half of the services were in English. His sermons were instructive, and always delivered with a full voice and an earnestness of manner that held the attention of his hearers. He was a good man, and much respected beyond his own denomination. His sudden death, at the age of sixty-five, was regarded as a public loss. — Sev. M. JS. Steele, Amst. Cor. Coetua Mints. McGlintock's Cyc. Publications : In Dutch, Ware Vryhey t tot Vrede, etc. , etc. , or True Lib- erty the Way to Peace : An account of the manner in which the negotia- tions for union and peace were conducted, and what prevented the happy issue. Besides, A Defense of the Examinations and Promotions effected by the Coetus, showing what the Grounds are on which these things were done. Philadelphia, 1760. (See Ritzema's Reply, 1761.)— A Defense of the Volume, ' ' True Liberty the Way to Peace," against the so-called concise refutation, by the pretended lovers of Truth and Peace ; showing that they did not happily succeed in their effort to unite Truth and Peace, and that they have not disproved the existence of the Assembly of the Coetus, nor its authority to examine and ordain. Philadelphia, 1763. (See Bitsema's Reply, 1763.) These pamphlets of Leydt, with replies to each of them by Eitzema, with the letter of the Synod of North-Holland, 17C5, condemning the Coetus, were recently found, collected and bound together in one volume, which is now in the Sage Library at New-Brunswick. These pamphlets are necessary to understand the history of those times. They have recently been translated by Eev. Maurice G. Hansen, of Coxsackie, and are ready for the press if means can be raised to defray expenses. Leydt, Matthew, (s. of J. Leydt,) b. 1754 ; Q.C. 1775, studied under Living- ston, (?) lie. by Gen. Meeting of Mins. and Elders, 1778 ; Belleville and Gansegat, 1779-80, N. and S. Hampton, 1780-3, d. Nov. .24. Elected a trustee of Queens College, 1783. Leydt, Peter, b. 1763, (s. of John Leydt ;) Q.C. (ace. to Catalogue, 1775, pro- bably 1785,) studied theol. under Livingston, lie. by Synod of D.E. Chs. 1788 ; Ponds, Kakeat, and Eamapo, 1789-93, d. 1796. 346 THE MINISTET. Liddell, Join A., b. in Scotland, 1806 ; Glasgow College and St. Andrew's College, 1826 ; (?) Greenbusli, 1830-4, Totowa, 2d, 1834-8, Lodi, N.T., 1833- 48, supplied Cicero, 1848-9, Stone House Plains, 1849-50, d. Also supplied Franklin. •A child of pious parents, and of many prayers, lie passed into the king- dom, lie knew not when. While pursuing his theological studies, he deter- mined to accept the invitation of an uncle in the United States to visit Amer- ica. When he had been here six mouths, he determined to stay, and make it his home. At Greenbush he was blessed with a large revival, as well as at Totowa. He had qualities, as a preacher, which invested his pulpit utterances with more than ordinary power. His sermons were clear, evangelical, pungent, forcible, and simple. He lacked the advantages of an attractive exterior and a graceful action. Yet no one could fail to be convinced that a devout and earnest heart prompted his solemn accents. He excelled in giving touching interest to those occasions when the heart's emotions are excited, and in bringing nigh to the wounded spirit the balm which it craved. In all re- spects he was a " son of consolation." The very tones of his voice fitted him for this. He was frank and unreserved in his intercourse, true, kind, and aifable, finding delight in social converse. But his nature was sensitive, and he shrunk from conflict, preferring rather to retire, when he should have stood his ground. — Sev. Dr. Oor. Van Santmooi-d. As a minister, he manifested much of the spirit of his Lord, and loved his work. He was wise to win souls, and possessed the faculty of attaching to himself the people of his charge in u peculiar degree. The lambs of the flock were the special objects of his attention. He won their hearts, and then drew them to Christ. It was clear to all who attended on his ministry that his controlling motive was love to Christ and the souls of men. His appeals to the conscience and the heart were direct and faithful, and often awakening and impressive. There was a fervor and a pathos in his manner that touched and melted the hearts of his hearers. His was the glowing ardor of one who stood between the living and the dead, and preached in view of the judgment. In life and death he bore ample testimony to the sus- taining and consoling truths ho preached. — JJes. J. 3. Duryee. A MS. Com- memorative Ser. ly Dr. O. Van Santvoord, in Sage I/ib. LiBBBNAU, M. F. N.Y.U. 1839, U.S. 1841, 1. 8d Presbyt. N.T. 1841; (New- Paltz Landing, 1841-6, Paterson, 1846-9, New-Paltz Landing, 1850-67,) Dashville Falls, 1867-8, S.S. Kosendale, 1868-70, pastor, 1870-6, also S.S. Bloomingdal?, 1874 — Lillie, James, (Salem Assoc. Bef. 1836-44,) Clove, 1844-5. Lillie, John, b. 1813, at Kelso, Scotland; Edinburgh University, 1831, studied privately, and at N.B.S. 1835, 1. CI. N.Y. 1835 ; Kingston, 1836-41, Presi- dent of Grammar School of University of N.Y. 1841-3, Broadway, after- ward Stanton St. N.Y.C. 1843-S, also editor of Jewish Chronicle, 1844-8 engaged in Am. Bible Union, 1851-7, [Kingston Presbyt.] 1858-67, d. D.D 1855 by Univ. Edinburgh. THE MINISTET. 347 He early developed a strong inclination for tooks and study, making sucli progress that he entered the University of Edinburgh in his sixteenth year. His name stood first on a roll of two thousand students, in what was then the most flourishing institution of learning in Europe, and he went forth to his life-work with the testimony that he was the most accomplished scholar that had graduated from that institution in half a century. He carried off eleven prizes. He deliberated between the bar and the pulpit, choosing the latter. He entered a divinity school in his native land, where, having re- mained a couple of years, he traveled in England, and, in the summer of 1834, came to America, and spent a year in the New-Brunswick Seminary. He succeeded the venerable Dr. (ilosman, at Kingston, unsurpassed in hia day for eloquence, influence, and popularity. Tet he maintained hia position, and established himself in the esteem and admiration of the community. But his principal labors were in the American Bible Union. His marked qualifications for scholarly work led to an invitation to him to occupy this important position. Here he made his crowning acquisitions in Biblical scholarship. His revisions and translations of the Thessalonian Epistles, the Second Epistle of Peter, those of John and Jude, and the Revelation, won him the highest encomiums from the most competent critics, for the elegant and masterly scholarship displayed. In 1858 he again settled, now over the Presbyterian Church of Kingston, and while there, delivered those lectures on the Epistles to the Thessaloniaus, (published here in 1860, and afterward in Scotland,) which stand as a monument to his ability and industry as a critic and a scholar, and which, with his other scholarly works, secured to him the doctorate from the University of Edinburgh. His last contribution to scriptural exposition was the translation,- enlarged and enriched by his own learned and valuable additions, of the commentary on the Epistles to the Thessaloniaus, as part of the share assigned him in the American edition of Lange's great German Commentary, and with which he also closed hia life. He was suddenly prostrated, in the very prime of his powers and use- fulness, and, after four brief days of unconscious illness, he died. Ho was of a truly catholic spirit. His preaching was clear, direct, in- structive, using great plainness of speech, yet in a style marked by an ex- quisite and even fastidious taste, adorned and illustrated by the treasures of profane and sacred learning, and delivered with the solemn emphasis and energy of a conscious ambassador of Christ. He was of a strong native modesty, almost approaching diffidence, which held him back from position and eminence in the public eye, which u, more confident and self-asserting nature would have claimed and held as a right. But in the freedom of pri- vate relations, the native beauty of his character stood revealed. There was a noble frankness and manly truthfulness about him. Open and sincere, without deceit or subterfuge, he was a true and trusty man. He was a firm and outspoken opponent of Southern slavery a generation before its over- throw, and when it was universally and disastrously unpopular, and hardly safe to be an abolitionist. He was a millenarian in his views. This struck the key-note of his preaching, colored his conversation, and tinged his fer- vent and heavenly prayers. — Memorial Sermon iy Hev. W. Irving. Sketch ^^^ THE MISISTEY. in Preface to Zange's Com. on Tliessalonians. McOlintoc^s Cye.— Wilson's Presb. Almanac, 1868, p. 117. Kingston Argus and Journal, Feb. 1867. British and For. Bhang. Bev. Ixix. 619. Publications : Perpetuity of the Earth. 1843.— Preface and Notes to " A Sober iDquiry on Christ's Reign." 1843.— Ed. of Jems/t Chronicle, 1844-8. — New Versions of, and Philolog. Commentaries on the two Epistles to the Thessalonians, 3 Peter, the three Epistles of John, Jude, and the Revelation. 1851-7. Am. Bible Union. — Lectures on the Epistles to the Thessaloniansj 1860. Bib. Sac. xvii. 673.— Address at the Fun. of Dr. Gosman. 1865.— The' Hope of the Church : a Miss, address before Partic. Syn. N.Y. 1865.— Trans- lations, with additions, of Auberlen and Riggenbach's Com. on the Epistles to the Thess. (In Lange's Oom.) 1868.— Com. on the two Epistles of Peter, with an Introd. by SohafE. 1869. (See5i6. Sa^. xxvi. 389.) Lindsay, D. South-Africa, 1840-3, independent. Linn, John Blair, (s. of Wm. Linn,) b. in Pa. 1777; C.C. 1795, studied with Romeyu ; lie. CI. Albany, 1798 ; [Philadelphia Presb. 1799-1804 d ] S T.D. by U. Pa. 1801. ' A most remarkable man, but spending all his active ministry in the Presbyt. Church, an extended notice can not be given here. He was a pro- lific author. See Blake's Biog. Diet. 750 ; Duyckinek's Cye. i. 653 ; Spra^ue'a Annals, vol. iv.; Mem. of Dr. J. J. Janeway ; MeClintocKs Cye.; Allibone's Diet, of AuiJwrs ; C. B. Brovm'a Sketch of his Life, 1805. Linn, Wm., b. in Pennsylvania, Feb. 33, 1753; C.N.J. 1773, studied theology under Dr. Robt. Cooper, 1. by Donegal (Carlisle) Presb., Ap. 1775; chap- lain in Am. army, 1776, (Big Spring Presbyt Ch. in Pa. 1777-84, prin. of academy in Somerset Co., Md., 1784-6, Elizabethtown, 1786-7,) New-Yorls, 1787-1805, (supplied Albany, occasionally, 1805-6,) d. 1808,- Jan. 8. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1787. Pres. R.C. 'p. t. 1791-4. Regent of Uni- versity of State N.T. 1787-1808. S.T.D by C.C. 1789. His eloquence was of a most ardent and impassioned kind. In his mis- sionary and charity appeals he was eminently successful. His glowing imagination conceived his object vividly, and his language, of which he had an astonishing command, painted it to the minds and imaginations of his audience in such a manner that he often produced effects similar to what are said to have taken place under the preaching of Massillon and Bour- daloue. On special occasions, his performances were masterpieces. His eloquence would send a thrill of joy or a shivering of horror through his audience, at times, so that they would suddenly start up and look around them. In his gleaning sermon, as it was called, in behalf of the parochial school of the Collegiate Church, he extracted about eleven hundred dollars. This at the opening of the present century was wonderful. Yet it was more his manner than what he said. His natural talent was excellent ; his acquired knowledge respectable ; his disposition amiable. To a stranger he seemed reserved and austere. The subjects of his discourses were generally very practical. He loved to THE MINISTET. 349 exalt the Saviour, and tlie burden of liis discourses was to direct even tlie cliief of sinners to tlie cross of Christ. He was always deeply impressed with the importance of his work, and dealt faithfully with the souls of his people. His exhortations were earnest, pathetic, persuasive, and alarming. He was a true and fast friend to his country. He took a warm interest in the politics of the day, which gave offence to those who would eliminate religion from politics. His complaints of disease were thought to he imagi- nary hy his friends, but the sad event proved their reality. — Pun. Sermon hy Dr. Bradford, in part in Bprague's Annals. Dr. De Witt's Hist. Disc, 1854. See also Blake's Biog. Diet. Mag. B.D.O. iv. 1. Sprague's Annals. DuycHnck's Oye. i. 301, 326. MeCUntoek's Cyc. Publications : A ser. at Carlisle, Pa., before a reg. of soldiers. 1776. (Re- printed in Christian Iniell. Dec. 7, 1876.) — The Blessings of America. July 4, 1791. — A vol. of sermons, historical and characteristic. 1791. — Ser. on the Spiritual Death and Life of the Believer. 1791. (In American PreacJier, vol. i.) — A ser. on the Christian Warfare. 1793. (In Am. Preacher, vol. iii.) — The Character of Simon the Sorcerer : a ser. designed to prove that Bap. tism is not Eegeneration. 1793. — Remarks on Dr. Moore's Address to Mem- bers of Prot. Epis. Ch. in N.Y.C. 1793. — A vol. of discourses on " Signs of the Times." 1794. — Thanksgiving Discourse after an Epidemic. 1795. — A disc, at Hackensack, at a meeting of the Synod's Commission to compose certain differences, etc. 1796. — Disc, on National Sins. 1798. — Eulogy on Washington, delivered before N.T. Soc. of Cincinnati. 1800. — A ser. before N.Y. Miss. Soc. 1800. — A collection of essays on Episcopacy, originally pub. in i'iie Albany Centinel, were ascribed to Dr. Linn, Rev. Mr. Beasley, and Thos. D. How, Esq. 8vo, pp. 310. 1806. Dr. Linn wrote Miscellany IX. in Albany Gentinel. For a rev. of the essays, see Christians' Mag. i. 85, 187, 308, 437 ; ii. 66, 186, 335 ; iii. 389, 535. LiPPiNCOTT, Bbnj. C, b. at HoBoken, N.J.; E.C. 1847, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. N.Y.1850; Hurley 1850-66, also S.S. at Marbletown, 1851-66, Clarkstown, 1866-73, WalkiU Valley, 1873-7, N. and S. Hampton, 1877— [Lischy, Jacob, ordained 1743, by the members of the tTnion movement, as an evangelist. Eastern Pennsylvania, 1743-4, York, Kreutz' Creek, Cone- wago, and Bermudian, 1745-57, 1760 susp., d. 1781.] He was converted in his fourteenth year, and soon fell in with the Mora- vians. He was greatly taken with their sweet teaching concerning recon- ciliation, and the lovely harmony which seemed to reign among them. In their company, he came to America, (1741.), By birth and education, he was one of the Reformed Church. His position in America was a long time doubtful. He was empowered by the Moravians as a Reformed preacher, and yet seemed to claim to be one of the Moravian brethren. He was at last compelled to declare his position — Reformed. He was, however, of a catholic spirit, believing that all the truly pious are one in Christ, and should be one in zeal and co-operation, for the general good of His kingdom. Hence he was earnest in the Union movement of the day. He held his Re- formed predilections subordinate to the Union, which, however, by the ^^0, THE MINISTET. witlidrawal of the Lutherans and Reformed — as Muhlenberg arrived in 1743, and Schlatter in 1746, to organize their distinct communions — became almost wholly Moravian. This placed liischy at length in an apparent attitude of duplicity, which compelled him to withdraw and declare his principles. Being a close, warm-hearted, gifted, and approved preacher, he received many calls to settle, but preferred for a long time the life of an evangelist. He came in conflict with Mr. Boehm, (Bobhm,) who, imder the Classis of Amsterdam, opposed the Union movement, on account of some of its tenets. He published a caustic pamphlet, and used the papers vigorously against Lischy. The latter found it very difficult to keep on good terms with both the Beformed and the Union movement, now; under Moravian control- After an interview with Schlatter, 1747, he permanently left the Union, and declared himself Reformed. Twice he resigned at York, but was each time re-called, until in 1766, after the death of his wife, he became guilty of a scandal with his maid-servant, whom he also married, for which he was driven away, and ultimately suspended. Ho continued, irregularly, to preach till his death. Little, Elbridge Gerry. C.N.J. 1845; Manayunk, 1848-50. Little, Jas. A Canastota, 1861-3. Livingston, Edwakd P. B.C. 1853, N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. Monmouth, 1855; Griggstown, 1855-8, Bushuell, 1858-70, S.S. Pekin, 1st, 1873-8, pastor, 1878— Livingston, Gilbert Robert, b. at Stamford, Ct., 1786 ; U.C. 1805, studied under Perkins, of Ct., and Livingston, lie. 'by North-Hartford Assoc. 1808 ; then studied two more years under Dr. J. H. Livingston ; joined CI. N.Y. May 39, 1810 ; Coxsackie, 1811-36, Philadelphia, 1836-34, d. D.D. by Wms. C. 1839. He was of the celebrated family of Scotch Livingstons, of which Prof. J. H. Livingston also came. His field at Coxsackie was very laborious and extensive, and required a most vigorous constitution to bear the labor inci- dent to it. But his labors abounded. He enjoyed while there three revivals, the last especially extensive, bringing three hundred and seventy -three into fellowship with the church, (1831.) About six hundred were added to this ,church under hia ministry ; in Philadelphia, about three hundred. His life was strictly devoted to the glory of God. He pursued this object with dili- gence and zeal, and it was manifest that his heart was in it, so that he pro- duced an unusual impression on the public. Yet his piety was never obtru- sive, but modest, humble, and retiring. He was never a rigid student, nor what might be called a ripe scholar. He was always actively engaged in distributing at once what he could gather, as food to hungry souls. The character of his preaching was rather pungent and forcible than eloquent and persuasive. The object at which he most habitually aimed was to make Christians active, and to make sinners bow to the Lord's scepter, under the conviction that they had rebelled against him. Perhaps he was not sufficiently aware of the importance of enlarged Chris- THE MINISTET. 351 tlan knowledge to right and efficient action, and that some wlio can not be driven to submission by tbe force of conviction may yet be drawn by tlie power of affectionate persuasion ; still be was among the most efficient and successful preacbers of tbe gospel. His religion was benevolent and expansive. His beart was engaged in every thing wbicb bad for its object tbe dissemination of divine truth, the glory of God, and tbe salvation of men. Hence be was tbe active friend of every great enterprise of Christian benevolence and practical Christianity. After be lost the power of speech, from cancer in tbe mouth, be wrote to the teachers of his Sabbath-school, entreating them to be faithful in their trust of tbe little ones, impressing anew their responsibility on their minds. In a similar manner he wrote to those who sustained tbe prayer-meetings, and tbe monthly concert, and to individuals. — Funeral Discourse iy Bev. 0. 0. Cuyler. Spragvs's Annals. Publications : A ser. in Oreene Co. Preacher and a tract. Livingston, Henry Gilbert, (s. of G. E. Livingston,) b. 1821 at Coxsackie ; W.C. 1840, prin. Clinton Academy, L.I., 1840-2, U.S. 1844, lie. Presb. L.I. 1844 ; [Carmel, N.T., Presb. 1844r-9 ;] Philadelphia, 3d, 1849-54, June ; prin. Raymond Academy, Carmel, June, 1854-55, Jan 37, d. In his childhood and youth he evinced an uncommonly gentle and affec- tionate temper, which continued to be one of tbe attractions of bis character till the close of his life. He was remarkable for the harmonious adjustment and beautiful symmetry of his character. No one could look upon him without an impression of his superiority. He was modest, yet not lacking in courage ; frank, but unobtrusive ; firm, and still never obstinate. His manners were bland and bis deportment always dignified. His mind was •well balanced, and, for bis age, well developed and well furnished. He de- voted a considerable part of each day to systematic reading. His piety was fervid, and exerted a controlling power over all tbe movements of his life. His preparations for the pulpit were made with much care, and he was gen- erally very happy in his adttresses and sermons. These abounded in bril- liant thoughts and expressions, and often rose into tbe sphere of a lofty elo- quence. His manner was animated, bis voice strong, full, and excellently modulated. His gestures and features added much to what he uttered. In all the relations in which he stood, in mind, beart, and life, he discovered a singular freedom from most of the weaknesses and faults of others. He won the respect and affection of all who knew bim. — Sprague's AnndM. Commem. Disc, ly Sev. Dr. W. J. S. Taylor. McClintocKs Cyc. Publications : Christ's Care for the Young. 1853. Livingston, John H., b. at Pougbkeepsie, 1746; Y.C. 17G3, University of Utrecht, 1769, 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1769 ; New-Tork, 1770-1810 ; (during Revolution, at Kingston, 1776, Albany, Nov. 1776-9, Livingston Manor, 1779-81, Pougbkeepsie, 1781-3;) also Prof. Theology, 1784-1810, in New- York and at Flatbush; Prof. Theology and Pres. Queen's Coll. in New-Brunswick, 1810-35, d. Elected a trustee of Queen's Coll. 1784; again 1809. S.T.D. by Univ. Utrecht, 1769. 352 THE MINISTRY. He was ambitioua to enter tlie legal profession, and pursued tlie study of the law for two years, but his health failing, he relinquished it. This gave him opportunity for reflection, and he was brought to Christ. After a time he resolved to devote himself to the ministry, and he chose to pee- ' pare for the Dutch Church in preference to the Presbyterian or Episcopal, chiefly because of the sad dissensions then existing among the Dutch, which he felt it his duty to try to heal. He even felt in his heart that Providence would make him the instrument to accomplish these results. (Historical Introductiok.) He spent the winter of 1765-6 in New- York, aud greatly enjoyed the society of Domine Laidlie. He sailed May 13, 1766, for Holland, 'to pre- pare for the ministry. He was the last of the American youth who went to Holland for this purpose. In Holland he made many warm friends, and was himself greatly respected. While there he was called to become the second English preacher in the Church of Kew-Tork. He now presented himself before the faculty of the University of Utrecht for the degree of Doctor of Divinity. He passed through the severe ordeal, conducted in the Latin language, and subsequently wrote and published a dissertation on the Sinaitic Covenant in the Latin language, and defended it. When he arrived in this country he was pre-eminently the peacemaker between the parties. He at once took a liigh stand as a minister, and was honored of all. He had few superiors. In the Eevolutiou he was a warm patriot, praying fervently for his country's cause. Upon his return to the city, after the triumph of freedom, he found himself the only pastor of that large church organization. Elected also at the same time as Professor of Theology, he had more than double duties to perform. The church in which he officiated generally had three or four ministers as colleagues. For three years he remained the sole pastor. Yet during this period he received more than four hundred on profession of their faith. But his extensive labors almost broke down his health. In 1786 he received a colleague in Dr. Linn, and three years later another in Rev. G. A. Kuypers. He spent his summers, after 1786, for several years on Long Island, whither his students followed him, returning to the city in the winter. He, in connection with Drs. D. Romeyn and Westerlo, were the molding minds of the denomination. They prepared the Constitution from the arti- cles of Dort and the articles of Union. Dr. L. also prepared the first hymn- book for the churches. In 1794 Synod recommended him to remove his Divinity School to Elatbush, on account of too high board for the students in the city. This he did in 1796, but it lasted for only one year, when the Synod, to the wounding of the Doctor's feelings, ceased all efforts in behalf of the Professorship.* (Theological Seminary.) He still, however, con- tinued to teach. In 1810, after forty years' service in the ministry and twenty-six in the Professorship, (the latter without compensation,) he broke all the ties he had formed in New-York and removed to New-Bruns- wick, because the Synod requested it, to open his seminary in connection * The cause of this is not apparent. It may have Ijeen owing to the French EevoluUon nnd pecuniary difflculties therefrom resulting. t' "^-f-T^ ^!c-<-«-«-' ^c ^^^-if^r-70, w. c. Masden, G. p. Philadelpliia, 2d, 1872— I Mason, Ebenezer, (s. of Rev. Dr. Jolin M. Mason,) b. in K.T.C. 1800 ; C.N.J. ■ 1830, P.S. 1825 ; Brooklyn, 1836-7, (Sistli Av., N.Y.C., 1827-8, Blooming Grove, 1848-9,) d. S.T.D. He early displayed a, docile temper, and a quick and susceptible mind, whose powers were subjected to the careful training which so eminent a fa- ther as Dr. J. M. Mason would seek to secure for a son. He accompanied his father to Europe iu 1816, while still a lad. When settled in Brooklyn, conscientious scruples concerning the subject of baptism, according to the usage of that church, led- him to resign his charge. In his new enterprise, in Sixth Avenue, N.T. C, he exerted a powerful influence for good, though his pastorate was short. He remained many years after this without a pas- toral charge, making two journeys to Europe, and on his last trip, seeking to establish an American chapel in Paris. (McCluke.) Mild and retiring, he interfered with the self-love or advancement of none. He was one of the most amiable of men, quick to sympathize, and prompt to aid ; so that, while many warmly loved him, none could be his enemy. His mind was of a highly reflective cast. Fond of investigation and discus- sion, without reckless speculation, he often suggested thoughts and present- ed views, especially on theological subjects, which were rare, and worthy of careful examination. As a sermonizer, his style was somewhat on the beaten track, and without affectation or obscurity, certainly had the merit of considerable originality. Yet his fancy had hardly been cultivated with that degree of attention which its vast importance, as an aid in the elucida- tion and enforcement of truth, demands ; and hence his preaching, though greatly interesting and instructive to the thoughtful Christian, failed in a measure to produce that glow and excitement in which mingled audiences delight. His natural modesty, moreover, unwillingness to seem obtrusive, diffidence of his own powers, and a slight indistinctness of articulation, in- terfered with his advanoemfent to prominent positions which his temper, his endowments, and his acquisitions abundantly fitted him to adorn. (Mason, John. S.S. Hurley, 1834-6.) [Mason, John M. See Manual, 1869. Also Van. Vechten's Life of Dr. J. M. Mason, 1856.] Mathews, John E. N.Y.U. 1859, N.B.S. 1863. Episcopalian. Mathews, James M., b. in Salem, N.Y., March 18, 1785 ; U.G. 1803, Assoc. Eef. Sem., 1807, I.Assoc. Ref. Presbyt.,]SI.Y.,,1807; Assistant Prof, of Bib. Lit. in Dr. Mason's Sem. 1809-18, supplied South Dutch, Garden St., N.Y.C., 1811-13, pastor of South Dutch, 1813-40, Chancellor of University, 1831-9, w. c, d. 1870. D.D. The town of Salem," Washington County, N.Y., has been greatly favored in the number of young men who have entered the gospel ministry. The THE MINISTRY, 369 leading churcli of tliat village is of the Associate Reformed connection, and for a number of years was under tlie pastoral charge of the Rev. Drs. Proud- fit, father and son, who were of unusual devotion and of broad, catholic spirit. Dr. Alexander Proudfit had a special gift in addressing the youth of his charge on the subject of personal religion, and of introducing them at an early age into the Church. And it was his habit, when he found a young man possessing special qualifications, and giving the promise of usefulness, to present to him the claims of the ministry, and urge him to enter this noble calling. Many of these young men were thrown providentially into the Reformed Church, and have proved themselves to be among her most useful and loyal ministers. Among this number is the subject of this sketch, James M. Mathews. His father came to this country some time previous to the War of the Revolution, and engaged in agricultural pur- suits. During the struggle for independence he enlisted in the army as a common soldier, and served until the conclusion of peace. The son dis- played very early a taste for study, and was fond of books, a fact which was noticed by his pastor and encouraged. In the Academy he was popular with his teachers, and made such rapid progress that he entered college two years in advance, graduating with the reputation of being a most excellent scholar. He did not unite with the church until he had completed his course, and was engaged in the work of the farm. Under the judicious instruction of Dr. Proudfit he chose without much hesitation the work of the ministry, and studied in the Seminary of Dr. Mason, being one of the first who passed through that recently organized institution of the Associate Reformed Church. Dr. Mason discovered in his student special qualifica- tions for the work of instruction, and at his solicitation he was called to the Professorship of Biblical Literature, a position which he filled with marked ability, until he was called to take charge of the church in Garden Street, an organization then consisting of but nineteen families, and numbering at the first communion only seventeen members. In a very short time, though unfavorably located, the church became one of great strength and influence, passing through several seasons of wonderful revival. Dr. Mathews con- tinued in the active duties of the ministry until 1840, when he was released from the pastoral office. He took a prominent part in the founding of the University of the City of New- York, and was chosen as its first Chancellor, a position which he held for about nine years. His interest in its welfare, and the sacrifices he made to promote its prosperity are important points in its history, and were warmly appreciated by his co-laborers in this great enter- prise. Retiring from these official positions with a constitution very much broken by reason of excessive labors, after a, short season of rest, during which he recovered his former strength, he turned his attention to another important field. He employed his pen in preparing courses of lectures on topics which had commanded his attention while connected with the univer- sity. These were delivered before intelligent audiences in various cities of the country, and highly appreciated. They were subsequently published, and widely circulated. In addition to these he prepared a volume of great 24 310 THE MINISTET. interest, embodying liis recollections of eminent men and prominent events. All of these works were valuable, and some of tliem are still sought for and read, as presenting most excellent views upon the subjects which they dis- cussed. He spent the- last few years of his life in works of general benev- olence, interesting himself chiefly in the cause of education and promoting the welfare of young men, especially the medical students who came to the city to pursue their studies. He was in public life for sixty years, and in the various fields of usefulness which he occupied. he met with an unusual measure of success. He was highly favored in his personal appearance. He was above the ordinary hight, of fine physical development, and possessed a countenance of marked benevolence and intelligence. He would naturally draw observa- tion by his superb and erect form, and his attractive dignity of manner. In any circle he would leave the impression that he was a finely educated and highly polished gentleman. It was supposed by some that he was not easily accessible or friendly ; but, with those who knew him, he was a model of kindness and amiability, as well as a cultivated and refined man^ The bestowment of favors was a great gratification to him, and he would make sacrifices in order to oblige his friends. In his conversational powers he was very gifted, and in literary and social circles he was the center of attraction, and often fascinated the company by his fund of information and timely anecdotes relating to men and events. As a preacher he ranked among the most acceptable and impressive of his day. Among the pulpit celebrities of New-York in the early part of the century, he held a very honorable position, and maintained the reputation of being a solid, earnest, and powerful preacher. His congregation num- bered some of the most wealthy families of the city, and it became the spiritual home of many in the various professions of life. His hearers always found his sermons rich in the exhibition of evangelical truth, full and accurate in their doctrinal statements, and written in a style that.was chaste, vigorous, and animated. His voice was full and distinct, and his delivery was strong but unimpassioned. The cast of his mind was rather logical than imaginative, and he depended more on the force of argument and fact than on illustration and ornament. His whole manner in the pulpit was solemn and earnest, exhibiting itself in the favorite topics of his discourses, and in his very tones and gestures. He was active with his pen up to the very last, and intent on doing good wherever an opportunity offered. He was fpnd of cultivating the acquaintance of young men who were ■ engaged in the work of preparation for the professions of life, inviting them in numbers to the hospitality of his home, and giving them most valuable . counsel. He lived a long and useful life, and must be counted among those who were successful in an eminent degree. After a lingering sickness, < during which he was sustained by an unfaltering trust, he fell asleep in . Jesus at the advanced age of nearly eighty-five years. — Bev. Dr. B. E. Publications : The Religious Influence of Mothers. The Adorable ,; Saviour. Critical Periods in the Sinner's Life. All three in Nat. PreacUr. THE MINISTET. 371 1836. — What is your Life? A ser. on the loss of the Lexington. 1840. — The Bible and Men of Learning, pp. 392. 1855. — Tlie Bible and Civil Govern- ment, pp. 268. 1858.— Fifty Years in N.Y. 1858.— Articles in Sprague's Annals on Revs. Ch. Bork, J. M. Bradford, Alex. Gunn, Wm. McMurray, P. N. Strong. Matthews, Algeenojt, b. in Isle of Guernsey, 1841 ; Elizabetli Coll., Ger- many ; N.B.S. 1875, lie. N. CI. L.I.; Jersey City Eights, 1875, Manheim, 1876-9. Dismissed to the Presbyt. of Kingston, Canada. Mattice, Ab., b. in Schoharie, N.T., 1833; E.G. 1858, N.B.S. 1863, lie. and ord. as an evangelist by CI. Schoharie, 1863 ; Miss, to Kewascum, Wis., 1862—4, Eden, 1864-6, Prof, of Ancient Langs, and Mathematics, In Kiverside Seminary, Germantown, N.T., 1867-9, teaching at Hudson (N.Y.) Academy, 1869-73, at Fort Plain, N.Y., 1873-9, at Pine Plains, Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1879— Mattice, Hekrt, b. in N.Y. 1833; lie. (N.S.) Presb. Kansas, 1861; ord. (O.S.) Presb. Kaskaski (111.) Apr. 1868; [Miss. A.S.S.TJ. in Kansas, 1859- 64.] Agent U.S. Ch. Com., 1864^6, S.S. Missions, and Agent Y.M.C.A., St. Louis, Mo., 1867-8, supplied Trenton, 111., 1867-8, Missionary, Howard Miss., N.Y.C., 1869 ; [supplied West New-Hempstea(3, 1869-71, reed, by letter in CI. Paramus, Ap. 1871 ; Assist. Sup. House of Industry, and Miss. Pastor, fialvary Chapel, N.Y.C., 1871-3; pastor. Palisades, 1873-8, Jersey City, Free Ch., Jan. 1879— May, Edward H., b. 1795; Hoxton Coll. and Sem., London, Eng., 1815, [Bary Lane, 1815-.., Eochford, Essex Corydon, Surrey, ,] Northumberland, 1835-6, Northumberland and Schuylerville, 1836-9, Twenty-first Street, N.Y.C., 1839-48, Sec. Col. Soc. 1848-9, Sec. Sea- men's Friend's Soc. 1849-57, d. 1858.— &« Presbyt. Hid. Almanac, 1860, 206. Mayou, Joseph, b. at Birmingham, Eng., 1839 ; E.C. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, lie. and ord. CI. Schoharie, 1858 ; voyage to India, Dec. 18o8-Ap. 1859, Arnee, 1859-62, Giugee Station, 1862-3, Sattanbady and Arnee, 1863-5, Arnee, Vellambi, Aliendal, and out-stations, 1865-70, voyage to America, 1870 ; Somerset, Kansas, 1873-6, [La Cygne, Kan., Presb. 1877—] McCartney, Geo. Eensselaer, 1849-57, Northumberland and Qansevoort, 1857-63, [Presbyt.] McADAii, H. P. Lodi, N.Y., 1871—. He pub. a Hist. Sketch of Ch. Lodi, N.Y., in Oxid Independent, Aug. 30, 1876. McClelland, Alex., b. at Schenectady, 1794; U.C. 1809, studied under Mason, lie. by Assoc. Eef. Presbyt. 1815, N.Y.C. Eutgers St. Presbyt. 1815-33, Prof, of Logic, Metaphysics and Bel. Let. in Dickinson Col. 1823-9, Prof, of 'Langs, in Eutgers Col. 1839-33, Prof, of Evidences of 372 THE MINISTEY. Christianity in Rutgers Col. 1840-51, Prof. Oriental Lit. InE.C. 18S3-64, Prof, of Oriental Langs, and Lit. in New-Brunswick Sem. 1832-51, d. 1864, Dec. 19. He was remarkable for tlie keenness, breadth, and force of Lis mind. He had the faculty of concentrating all his powers on a given subject. What- ever he undertook, he was totus in ilUs. His robust intellect abhorred vagueness, guesswork, and skimming over the surface of a subject. He spared no pains, and was rewarded with corresponding success. Few men in the pulpit were so widely popular, among all classes, as he was. He preached the old gospel, but it was with ever new freshness and force, and with an individuality of statement and application peculiar to him- self. Much was due to the brilliancy of his flashing eye, the manifold resources of his sonorous and musical voice, the naturalness and energy of his whole action in the pulpit, all of which were greatly enhanced by his habit in early years of speaking memoriter. The whole discourse was so thoroughly mastered that he obtained the ars celare ariem, and uttered his words with as much freedom as if they were born of the moment. Voice and manner were wholly unconstrained, yet they were perfectly adapted to the occasion. But these alone would never have produced the effect always wrought by his efforts. He was clear, connected, and thorough in his treatment of a subject. Ho was powerful in statement, having the instruc- tive gift of putting the right word in the right place. ■ Often his utterances were as pregnant as those of Bacon in the Essays. For example, to set forth the impossibility of our Maker's being ever under inducement to depart from the truth, he said, " Power never lies." His extensive reading furnished him with a range of illustration not often equaled in breadth and appropriateness, and his fine imagination gave him a singular power of reproducing the past or the distant, for the present im- pression of his hearers. His topics covered the whole range of homiletics ; but whatever the theme, the arrangement was lucid, the argument logical, the style clear as crystal, the main point held steadily in view, and at times, when the occasion prompted, a burst of eloquence carried the whole audience captive. His prayers were noted for simplicity, humility, reverence, and the apt and abundant use of Scripture phraseology. His reading of the word of God was an intellectual treat. What distinctness of utterance, what power of expression, what variety of tone, what profound reverence of manner! " Come, boys, let us go up to prayers this evening, and hear Dr. Mac read Job," used to say a theological student to his comrades. But his fame as a preacher was far outstripped by his success as a pro- fessor. Every student felt and showed the influence of a teacher whose own enthusiasm enkindled that of the class, and made the abstrusest and dryest of themes attractive. He gave young men the mastery over their own minds, imparted the secrets of mental discipline, and instead of storing them with acquisitions, put them in the way of making acquisitions for themselves, while life should last. He was an unequaled teacher of He- brew. Hardly a young man could graduate from the New-Brunswick THE MINISTET. 373 Seminary witlioat being we]l grounded in that language. He also tauglit tliem how to read, study, and think. Even the dullest minds he roused as •with the Wast of a trumpet. In exegesis he was masterly. The ordinary canons oi interpretation he explained and enforced with power, hut the varied capacities of his mind were best exhibited in commenting upon the great apostle, or on Isaiah. His logical acumen was grandly developed while dealing with the former, while in the case of the latter, the sympathy of his own soaring genius with the eloquent seer enabled him to enter into and display the full force of those lofty oracles. He had infirmities of temper, which were greatly aggravated by the inroads of disease. Dullness in his pupils was most an- noying to him. He read the English Bible for devotion, lest this use of it should be absorbed in the current of his critical investigations. He talked instructively and suggestively on every topic, and at times with deepest feeling on matters of experimental religion. — See Mag. R.D.G. i. 310; ii. 19, 33, 45. Sketch of Life prefixed to a vol. of his Sermons. Fourteen articles, " Meminiscences of Dr. McGleUand," by Dr. Chainbers, in Christian Int., be- ginning Jan. 11, 1873. McGlintock's Cyc. Fun. Ser. by Bev. Dr. Gordon. Publications : Vindication of the Eeligious Spirit of the Age. 1820. (Also printed in Ebaugh's " Heavenly Incense.") — The Marriage Question. Doc- trine of Incest. 1826. 3d ed. 1837. (This was also pub. in part, under pseu- donym " Domesticus," in Mag. B.D.G. i. 310. Reviewed, Mag. B.D.C. ii. 19, 33, 45.) — Spiritual Renovation Connected with the Use of Means. In two parts. 1834. — Plea for a Standing Ministry, Ps. 74 : 9. (Printed also in Ebaugh's " Heavenly Incense.") — ^Manual of Sacred Interpretation. 18mo, pp. 168. 1843. (Labagh, I. P.)— Second ed. called Canon and Interpretation of Scripture. 18 . . (See Princeton Bev. xxii. 333.)— A Volume of Sermons. Posthumous. 1867. (Pnnceton Bev. xxxix. 318.) McClure, Alex. Wilson, b. iu Boston, 1808 ; Y.C. and A.C. 1837, A.S. 1830 ; (Maiden, Mass., 1830-41, St. Augustine, Florida, 1841-4, Ed. of Christian Observatory, 1844-7, Assist. Ed. Puritan Becorder, 1844^7, Maiden, 1848- 53,) Jersey City, 1st, 1853-5, Cor. Sec. Am. and For. Ch. Union, 1855-8, Chaplain at Home, Italy, 1856, d. 1865. D.D. He was great-grandson, on his mother's side, of Rev. John Morehead, first Presbyterian minister at Boston. His fondness for reading was remarkable from his youth. During the last term of his senior year in college he was a very marked subject of a powerful revival, and he at once devoted him- self to the ministry. His labors in his first charge were largely blessed and the church greatly strengthened. In Florida he also labored among the military then stationed there with great assiduity, and also in a general way in the cause of temperance, until the guard-house became nearly use- less. A number of the soldiers who afterward fell iu the Mexican war were the happy subjects of converting grace through his labors. He was chosen to succeed Dr. Baird in the American and Foreign Christian Union. At the great anniversaries in London and Paris he represented this Society. He secured, after great labor, the erection of the chapel in Paris for Protes- 3H THE MmiSTET. tant worship. (Mason, E.) In Marcli, 1859, -wliile at Eutland, Vt., lie was suddenly attacked by asthma and disabled from active labors. He was a man of great and varied learning, a true scholar. He knew something valuable in every department of knowledge, while in many things he went deep. Bacon's JSfomim Orgwnon was familiar to him, and works of that class were comprehended by him with wonderful facility. No man ever had a greater range of illustrative incidents in history and in literature generally, and they iitted so aptly for his purpose that they seemed created for his use. He had a superahounding wit. His conver- sation sparkled with brilliant remarks, keen satire, playful imagery, quota- tions from almost every source, especially the sayings of great and good men among the ancients, and a vivid perception of the false and wrong, with an unsparing delineation of it, together with a brimming admiration of what was excellent ; all this made him a most agreeable and profitable companion. His friendships and personal attachments were very ardent ; lie was a faithful, disinterested friend ; he never shirked duty ; and when his presence and influence were needed in adversity, he was as bold as a lion in defending those who were unjustly assailed, while he could in a masterly way and by a few words expose the pretentious and lay iDare a sophism. He was also truly a devotional man. Listening to his facetiousness, which would keep a company excited with mirth, one would be greatly struck, on hearing him pray, with the deep reverence and awe, and the earnest supplicatory tone of his prayer. He was u, godly man, a sound divine, a trenchant controversialist, (as witness his unparalleled Lectures on Universalism, a theological classic, unanswered and unanswerable, solemn,' mirth-provoking, severe, good-natured, argumentative, and full of incident ;) and withal he was truly a Christian gentleman. Marvelous were his sufferings during many years ; but God had chosen him in the furnace, and there are few who liave been better prepared to appreciate and enjoy the holiness and bliss of heaven. — Br. JV. Adams, in, Boston Recorder, Wov., 1865. See Ahhot's " Corner-Stone," for his own account of his religious experience. Publications : — The Life-Boat i an Allegory. — Four Lectures on XJltra- TJniversalism. — Lives of the Chief Fathers of New-England. Two vols. — The Translators Eevived. 1853. — Editorials in "Christian Observatory." — A half-dozen articles in New-Brunswick Bemew, especially that on Eev. Elias Van Benschoten. — Art. on " Native Depravity" iu Lit. and Tlieol. Bev. — The School-Question : Correspondence between Eev. J. Kelly, (Eomanist,) of St. Peter's Ch., Jersey City, and Dr. McClure. 1853. McClure, John. N.B.S. 1832, lie. CI. X.B.; Spotswood, 1823-5,'d. McDermond, C. H. Philadelphia, 4th, 1875, suspended, 1877. McDowell, Eobt., b. 1760-70 ; lie. CI. Albany, 1790 ; Bay of Cante, Canada, 1798-1800, Adolphus-town, Earnest-town, and Fredericksburgh, Canada, 1800-19, [pastor of the same churches, Presbyt., 1819-35?] Died 1841, after fifty -one years of ministerial labor. THE MINISTRY. 375 He entered Canada by way of Niagara, from Albany, in 1798, five years after the organization of the Presbytery of Montreal. His principal field of labor was at Fredericksburgb, but lie itinerated constantly, and bis labors were abundantly blessed. He sowed the seeds of true religion over a wide region, and kept alive many small congregations wMcli might other- wise have become extinct. In his prime he was a powerful man, and well fitted, both physically and mentally, to be a pioneer. He loved the old orthodox faith. The Classis of Albany commissioned him to labor in Upper and Lower Canada. Besides caring for his regular churches, he labored in Richmond and Camden townships, and from time to time, until 1811, trav- eled down the St. Lawrence 98 miles to preach, until a missionary from England, Rev. Mr. Smart, relieved him. Also once a year, until 1819, he traveled 186 miles west to Toronto and New-Market when a seceding minis- ter from the United States settled in those parts. His field of labor was for a long time 282 miles in length. Before 1820, in that whole region, there were only three Episcopal ministers, two Lutheran, four Baptist, and sev- eral Methodist ministers. See his letter, 1839, describing his early labors, in Presbt. Tear Book for the Dominion of Canada, 1875, pp. 19, 20, 82, 83. Doc. Hist. iii. 683. See also Centennial Discs. 510. Several of bis sermons were printed. He was the father of Eev. John K. McDowell, (U.C. 1828, P.S. 1829, Miss, in , N.T.C., d. 1836,) whose Memoir and Select Remains were published iuN.T. 1838. The latter is styled on the title-page, Tlie Martyr of tlie SeventJi Commandment. / McEckron, Geo. M. U.C. 1848; Poughkeepsie, 1858-66, [N.Y.C. Presbyt. 1868.] McFarlane, Jas. Bloomiugdale and Rosendale, 1843-5, Canajoharie, 1845-8, English Neighborhood, 1849-55, Esopus, 1855-61, [Presbt.,] d. 1871. McGregor, Ed. E. N.T.U. 1843, from 2d Presbyt. N.Y. 1854 ; Livingston Ch., N.T.C., 1855, Presbyt. McKee, Jos. West. Ch. Sixth Ave., N.T.C., 1852-8, d. 1863. McKelvey, Alex., b. in Ireland ; R.C. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. N.B. 1858 ; Irvington, 1858-60, Totowa, 1st, 1860-5, Coxsackie Landing, 1865-6, Rector of Grammar School, New-Brunswick, 1866-7, Greenpoint, 1867-73, in Europe, 1873-3, [Westfield Presbyt. 1874-6, N.T.C., Canal St., 1877—] McKelvey, John, b. in Covenary, Ireland, 1801 ; Belfast Col. 1821, N.B.S. 1827 ; Miss, to Argyle, Fort Miller, and Wilton, 1837, Niskayuna and Amity, 1827-30, deposed, 1831 ; at Port Hope, Canada, where he died a few years later. He migrated to Canada in 1833. He was shipwrecked on St. Paul's Island, and was detained by sickness resulting therefrom in the hospital at Quebec untU 1823, when he joined his relatives at Port Hope. He exhibited a high order of talent in the seminary, having received a superior education 376 THE MINISTRY. in Ireland. His preaoliing was remarkable for ability and excited great interest ; but drinking, liabits contracted in liis native country clung to liim, and brought Mm to an untimely grave. McKinley, Q. A. S.S. Owpsco Outlet, 1877. McLaren, Malcolm N. U.C. 1834; Brooklyn Central, 1847-9, Newburcli, 1850-9. McLean, Chas. G., from Presbyt. Newcastle, 1844 ; Fort Plain, 1844-51. McLean, Eobt., from England, 1823 ; Miss, in the neighborhood of Broad- way and Canal St., 1834, Broome St., N.Y.C., 1834-6, returned to Great Britain and preached in Liverpool, d. 1850. McLeod, Thos., b. in Ireland, 1848 ; C.N.J. 1870, P.S. 1873, lie. Pres. N.B. 1873 ; [Sandy Hill, N.Y., 1873-. ., Batavia, N.T., 18. .-76, both Presbyt.,] Hudson, N.Y., 1876— McMurray, Wm., b. in Salem, 1784; U.C. 1804, tutor in U.C. 1806-7,1. Assoc. Ref. 1808 ; (Lansingburgh, 1808-11,) Eliinebeck Flats, 1813-30, N.Y.C., Market St., 1830-35, d. S.T.D. by C.C. 1853 ; D.D. by U.C. 1853. Few have evinced a, greater purity, loveliness of character, consistency, and fidelity in every part of Christian and ministerial duty, and few have displayed a more instructive, peaceful death-bed. An aflFectionate confi- dence and respect from the whole community centered on him, and he died lamented and honored by all. His parents were eminent for their piety, and wished him to preach the gospel, and much of his superior ripeness in piety was derived from that unction which pervaded the walk and conversation of his parents. Discre- tion, soundness of judgment, a sweet and soothing influence in his manners and conduct peculiarly his own, were prominent characteristics. His power was often felt, not only in calming the troubled mind, but in scenes of de- bate ; where warmth of argument was rising too high, his voice would fall like oil to calm the rising tempest. He was kind toward all, affectionate to those he loved, and thus qualified peculiarly for usefulness among the young of his flock whose hearts were allured to religion by his friendly smile. Of his death, says Dr. Mathews : " I never saw a death-bed scene of such varied joys, such wonderfully enlarged views of divine truth and of the promises which reveal it, such an entire superiority to every earthly tie and feeling. His spirit often seemed to have soared away so far toward heaven as to have lost all view of earthly cares, and to be waiting with its eyes fixed upward, and upward only, for the signal that would call it to its heavenly home." — See Sprague's Annals. Publications : Ser. before Am. Col. Soc. 1835. — Remarks on the Letter of " Domestieus," (McClelland,) concerning Incest, etc., under pseudonym " Veritas." 1837.— Ser. on the Death of Col. Rutgers. 1830.— Ser. on the Death of Aaron Hand. 1831.— A Ser. before A.B.C.F.M. 1833.— Respon- sibility, as applied to the Professions and Callings of Daily Life. 1856. THE MIXISTEY. 377 McNaik, John L. R.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1853, 1. S.C. L. I. 1853; Oyster Bay, 1853-5, Marbletown, 1S55-9, Acting Sec. Bd. Ed. 1859-GO, Marbletown, 1860-7, Miss, pastor at Fulton St. Ch.,N.Y.C., 1867-70, (Watkins, Presby t. , 1870-76,) Bedminster, 18TS— McNeil, Archibald, united with Seceders, 1823, Owasco, 1833-4, (hid, 183.— McNeish, David, b. ia Scotland, 1820; R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. d. N.Y. 1844 ; Centreville, Mich., 1844-6, Ceutreville and Constantine, 1846, Con- stantine, 184G-9, South-Bend, 1849-52, Constantine, 1853-4, d. Educated by the beneficence of the Church, he determined to go and labor j ust where the Church might send him. He was sent to the Western field, where he spent his life, Bometimes engaged in building up new churches and sometimes infusing new life into old. His record is written in alternate trials and triumphs, discouragements and successes. He endured hardness as a good soldier of Jesus Christ. He was emphatically a sustainer of his brethren. When some were dispased to give up the Western field, his zeal burned the more intensely for it. His mental abili- ties were of a high order. He was a close and acute observer, quick in his perceptions, and clear and discriminating in his views. His mind was com- prehensive and versatile, and his temperament ardent, impulsive, and de- cided. His qualities were of that positive order which always give promi- nence both to a man's virtues and failings. He was no cold speculator in morals or theology, but a practical, common-sense, warm-hearted man. His views of the great system of gospel truth were broad and deep. His jDreaching wag solid and practical, argumentative and persuasive. His early natural eloquence, de^feloped into a genuine and soul-moving oratory, was wielded in the pulpit with great ijower. It was perfectly characteristic of the man, now moving on with stormy energy, and again subsiding into sweet-toned strains of touching eloquence. In the pulpit, there was a pervading, awful solemnity, which made the hearers feel that it was no light thing to appear before a holy God. He delighted in those truths of the system of grace which are the strong meat of the ripe believer. His preaching was full of Christ, uncompromising toward error, faithful to the cross, tender to the sinner, comforting to the believer, and the earnest utterance of his own warm heart. McWiLLiAM, Alex., b. in Scotland ; TJ.C. 1850, Assoc. Eef. Sem. now United Presbyt. at Xewburgh, 1854, 1. by Presbyt. of Caledonia, 1854 ; [Graham Ch. Assoc. Ref. 1855-60,] S.S. Walpect, Oct. 1860-1, June, pastor, 1861-70, East-Millstone, 1870— Mead, Coen. S., b. at Charlton, N.T., 1818 ; U.C. 1841, Aub. S. 1844, 1. Presbyt. of Cayuga, 1844; Rotterdam, 1st, 1844^9, Herkimer Village, 1849-59, Chatham, 1859-70, w. c. Prin. Spencertown Academy one year'; supplying churches— Ghent, Stuyvesant Falls, New-Concord, etc. 878 TUB MINISTRY. Mead, Elias, born in Albany Co., N.T. ; B.C. 1868, N.B.S. 1870, lie. CI. Albany ; Coeymans, 1870-3, Keyport, 1873— Meeker, Stephen H., b. at Ellzabetlitown, N.J., Oct. 17, 1799; C.C. 1831, N.B.S. 1834, 1. CI. N.B. ; Busliwick, 1835-30, Jersey City, Ap.-Oct. 1830, Busliwick, 1830-76, d. Feb. 1. He was preparing the materials for his fifty-first anniversary discourse when he was translated. In forty years he had been absent from his pulpit on ac- count of sickness but a single Sabbath, so hale and hearty was his vigor, even down to his last days. He organized the first Sunday-school within the present limits of Brooklyn. To four generations of parishioners he broke the bread of heaven. His church was a goodly mother of churches. His ministry was calm, earnest, and fruitful. His personal character and piety commanded universal regard among the people before whom he went in and out daily for half a century. And we may truly say of him what is written of Enoch: " Before his translation he had this testimony, that he pleased God."— C/j. Int., Feb. 10, 1876. Meerwein, Otto, b. Prussia, Jan. 19, 1840 ; Frederick William's College, Berlin, Germany ; U.S. 1868, 1. by 3d Presbyt. N.T. 1868 ; Philadelphia, 5th, (at Kensington,) 1868 — Megapolensis, Joannes, b. 1603; (Wieringerwaard, 1634-.., Schoorel and Berge, 16. .-43 ;) Eensselaerwyck, 1643-9, New-Amsterdam, 1649-70, d. Jan. 34. Also assisted Polhemus at Flatbush and Flatlands, 1664-70. He was the son of a minister in lioedyck, Holland, of the same name. He came over under the patronage of the Patroon of Eensselaerwyck, en- gaging himself for six years. His expenses over were to be paid, and he was to receive a salary of one thousand guilders. It was also stipulated that he should befriend the Patroon in every possible way. The call was approved by the Classis of Amsterdam, and he arrived, with a number of emigrants, in August, 1643. He soon exerted a visible influence in re- straining the immoralities of frontier life. He was instrumental in saving , Father Jogues, a, Jesuit missionary, from the extremity of torture and prob- able death at the hands of the Mohawk Indians. Father Jogues had been captured while ascending the St. Lawrence. The Dutch at once sought to ransom him, but were refused. At first the Indians despised his zeal ; but after some months they began to listen to his teachings, and some were baptized. They took hini with them to Fort Orange. While there, a report was received that the French had defeated the Mohawks, and the Dutch commander advised the missionary not to risk their vengeance by returning, but now to eflfect his escape. He remained in close concealment for six weeks. Domine Megapolensis was his constant friend, and saw him safely embarked for New-Amsterdam, whence he proceeded to Europe. He subsequently returned to Canada and visited the Mohawks, by whom he was now put to death. In 1644 Father Bressani was also rescued from the Indians by the Dutch and treated with great kindness. Gov. Kieft THE MINISTET. 379 gave liim a letter of safe conduct. Similar kindness was sliown to Father Poncet -wlien in trouble. {Matt. v. 44.) Megapolensis also learned tlie lieavy language of the Mohawks, so as to he able to preach to them fluently. A number of them united with his church in Albany. He was the first Protestant missionary to the Indians, preceding by several years John Eliot, in New-England. Stopping at New- Amsterdam on his way back to Europe, he was prevailed on by Governor Stuyvesant to remain there, that that colony might not be left destitute of ministerial service, Backerus having just left. While here he exhibited an intolerant spirit toward the Lutherans and Independents. The West- India Company enjoined him not to be too precise on indifferent matters, which rather tended to create schism than to edify the flock. (Dkisius.) In 1638, he was visited by Father Le Moyne, a Jesuit, who spent the winter in New-Netherlands. A warm friendship grew up between them. He after- ward carried on a correspondence with him, when he returned to Canada, on controversial topics. To prevent effusion of blood, as they had no ade- quate means of defense, he strongly advised Stuyvesant to surrender when the English demanded it, in 1664. He was a man of thorough scholarship, energetic character, and devoted piety. He saw the infancy of the Dutch province, watched its growth, and saw its surrender. The original form of the family name was Van Mekelenburg, which -was Hellenized into Mega- polensis when his father came into Holland, becoming minister at Egmont on the sea, and afterward at Koedyck aid Pancras, in North-Holland. The following epitaph was written by Domine Selyns : GBAAirsCHEIFT. Nieuw-Nederlander, schreyt. En spaert geen tranen, want Megapolensis leyt (Zuyl van Nieuw-Nederlandt) Heir nyt syn voile leden. Syn onvermoeyde werck "Was bidden dag en nacht, En y v'ren in Godts kerck. Nu rust hy, en belacht Des weerelts ydelheden. EPITAPH. New-Netherlander, weep, Check not the gushing tear. In perfect shape doth sleep Megapolensis here — New-Netherland's great treasure His never-tiring work Was, day and night, to pray, And zeal in th' Church exert. Now let him rest where may He scorn all worldly pleasure. Amst. Cor., many letters. Col. Eist. N.Y. i. 431, 496,505; ii. 455, 473, 509, 733, 726 ; iii. 76, 350. Doc. Hist. iii. 69. Call and contract at Albany, prirUed in Munaell'a Annals and O'Callaghan's New-Netlierland. Sketch of, ly J. B. Brodhead, in Bist. Soc. Coll., 1857, 139. Sketch of, hy Br. Thos. Be Witt, in Sprague's Annals. Brodliead's Hist, of JT. T., vol. i. Bogers' Hist. Bis., 1857. McGlintocKs Oyc, Also ArcKbishop Bayley's Hist. Cath. Gh. of N. T., 14-31, 25. Charlevoix, i. 634. SJiea's ed. of Charlevoix, ii. 138. Jesuits' Belation, 1643-3, p. 243. Boct. Hist. N. T. iv. 14, 20. Publications : Een Kort ontwerp van de Mahakvase (Mohawk) ludianen, liaer landt, tale, statuere, dracht, godes-dienst, ende magistrature. Aldus beschreven ende nu Kortelijck den 36 Augusti, 1644, opgesonden uit Nieuw- Neder-Lant. Door J. M. Juniorem, Predikant aldaar. Mitsgaders een kort 380 THE MINISTET. verliaal van liet leven ende statuere der Stapongers in Braslel. fAlckmaer, liy Ysbr. Jansz. V. Houten. 8vo, pp. 33. (No date.) With a plate. (Pub. in Holland without his consent, 1651. (A short Account of the Mohawk Indians, their country, language, figure, costume, religion, and govern- ment. Written and despatched from New-Netherland, Aug. 26, 1644, by J. M., minister there. With a brief account of tlie life and manners of the Stapongers in Brazil.) Translations may be found in Hazard's State Papers, i. 517-520, and in the Hist. Collections of the State of N. Y. vol. iii. See Suyckinch's Oye. Lit. i. 80. — Onderzoeck en belydemis Ten behoeve van degenen die aan S. Heeren avondmaal menschen te gaan. (Examination and Confession for the Benefit of those Vvho desire to partake of the Lord's Supper. 1656. Megapolensis, Samuel, (s. of John Megapolensis,) b. 1634; Utrecht Uni- versity, 1659, 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1659 ; New-York, 1664^8, returned to Holland, (Wieringerwoord, 1670-7, Flushing, (Scotch Ch.,) 1677-85, Dor- drecht, (Scotch,) 1685-1700, emeritus.) He was sent to Harvard College, in 1655, to study the classics and Eng- lish branches, and in September, 1658, was sent to Holland to enjoy the advantages of the University at Utrecht. His father, in a letter, expresses the desire that he may return commissioned by the Classis of Amsterdam, and qualified, (even at that early day,) to preach both in Dutch and English. He remained six years, studying medicine also, in the University of Leyden, and on his return to New-Amsterdam, Selyns was allowed to return to Holland, (July, 1664.) But the time of the surrender was at hand. In August, he and liis father, with many others, were sent to meet Nicholls, whose fleet lay menacing the city. He was one of the commissioners also appointed to prepare the terms of surrender. Probably it was through Ids influence that the rights of the Reformed Church were so carefully guarded. After- ward, in Holland, he labored in the same church for a time, (Flushing,) from which, a, century later, Laidlie was called to preach in English in New- York. For terms of surrender, see Brodliead's N. Y. i. 763 ; Amst. Cor. ; Col. Sist. i. 496 ; ii. 233, 253, 413, 732, 736 ; iii. 76. Meinema, Benj., lie. 1737 ; Poughkeepsie and Fishkill, 1745-55, d. 1761. Merrill, Franklin, b. 1819 ; P.S. 1848 ; Hempstead, L.I., 1848-53, Stillwater, N.Y., 1853-8,) Saratoga, 1858-61, d. He was an earnest and instructive preacher, without being a brilliant and fascinating one; yet even if he had been the latter, lie would have merged and sunk his own brilliancy in the surpassing effulgence of the cross. Without rhetorical grace and flourish, he had the higher art of im- pressing the message of God with a point and pungency, which made the careless solemn, and those at ease in Zion anxious and troubled. He be- sought his hearers with tears to become reconciled to God. He felt that the responsibility of watching for souls was high and awful. There was an honest-dealing directness, an evangelical ardor and tenderness about his THE MINISTEY. 381 utterances that suffered few ■who heard him to remaiu unmoved. With a body never robust and health greatly impaired, so as to make preaching in the latter part of his life laborious, his appeals were invested with peculiar pensiveness, which heightened their effect. He vfas blessed with several revivals and large accessions to the church. Mbkritt, Wm. B., b. at Kingston, N.T., 1836 ; R.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1865, lie. CI. N.Y.; Flatbush, (Ulster Co.,) 1865-73, N.T.C., Union Eef., 6th Av. 1873— Publications : Mem. Ser. on Death of J. Judson Buck. — Address on Agri- culture. — Disc, at Fun. of Eev. L. H. Van Doren. Mershon, Stephen Lyon, b. at Landon, Ky., Mar. 4, 1831; C.N.J. 1851, P.S. 1854, lie , ord. by L.I. Presbyt. 1854 ; [East-Hampton, L.I., Presb., 1854r^6, Birmingham, Conn., Cong. 1866-9,] Middlebush, 1869-74, d. Ap. 11. He was a man of exuberant health, ever brimming over with energy and animal spirits. But his gayety was not the result of thoughtlessness or tmconcern, but his expression of gratitude to God for the comforts and mercies of his providence. He was not a sour Christian, but worshiped God with his body as well as with his soul, taking cheerful and happy views of the world that now is, and of that which is to come. Genial, gentle, cheerful, loving, and thoroughly practical, he bore a good testimony throughout his life. He was an attractive preacher, intensely earnest, a workman who needed not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of life. His sermons were full of the love of Christ. He led his hearers up to the croes, baptizing them in the Saviour's blood, and then, with their sins all washed away, he led them to the land where the new song is put into their mouths. Or he would unfold the deep mysteries of faith, making them so plain that all could understand them. He entered the Reformed Church at the full vigor of his manhood. While at Middlebush he met the young people of his charge weekly at his house for religious conversation and in- struction. Every communion brought additions to the church, and at his sudden death, under peculiarly sad circumstances, he left liis church in a, full tide of prosperity. His first wife, Mary Talmage, was sister to the Talmage brothers, Revs. James, John, Goyn, and T. DeWitt, so eminent in the American pulpit and in missionary work. She died in 1873. A couple of years after, when leaving home to consummate a second marriage with the daughter of Eev. James Talmage, he was already suffering from a severe cold upon his lungs. Storms and detention in travel increased it, and when he reached his destination he was already suffering from pneumonia. Although very ill, the marriage took place according to arrangement in the Reformed Church of Napanoch. But he went from the bridal altar to the sick-bed, and in three days he died. His loving congregation, in the midst of their preparation to welcome the bridal pair, were suddenly required to change their plans and attend their pastor's funeral. Publications : The Church of the Colony and Town of East-Hampton, 1649 382 THE MINISTEY. -1861. Two Sermons. 1861.— Cauaes for Thanksgiving in the Midst of Civil War. 1861. i Mbsice, John F. E.G. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. Green. 1837 ; Rochester, 1838-40, [Harrisburg, Ger. Bef.] 1840-55, Karitan, 2d, 1855—. D.D. by R.C. 1853. Publications ; Evils of Dancing. 1846. — ^How to Rise in the World. In The Guardian, 1851. — Understandest thou what thou readest? In T/ie Guardian, 1851. — The Intellectual and Moral Characteristics of Infidelity. 1851. — Amusements. In The Guardian, 1853. — Woman's Obligations and Duties to the Temperance Cause. 1852. — The Papacy the Anti-Christ of Scripture. 1853. — Economy and Efficiency of Christianity as a Means of Social Reform and Regeneration. In Prot. Quarterly, 1851. — Formal Re- ligion. In Prot. Quarterly, 1854. — Temperance and Patriotism. 1856. — Ser. at Fun. Jas. Taylor. 1859. — Thanksgiving a Duty in Time of Civil War. 1861.— An Argument in the Case of Cen. Ref. Ch., Plainfield, before Classis. 1872.— Hist. Ser. at 40th Auniv. of 2d Ref . Ch., Somerville. 1874. Messler, Ab., b. at Whitehouse, N.J.. Nov. 15, 1800; U.C. 1831, N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B. 1834 ; Miss, to Montville, Aug. -Nov. 1824, Miss, to Ovid, 1834, Ovid, 1825-8, Miss, in North St., New-York City, 1828-9, Pompton Plains and Montville, 1829-33, Raritan, 1st, 1833— D.D. by R.C. 1843. Elected a trustee of R.C. 1845. Publications : Fruits of Early Piety. American S.S.U. 1838. — Pas- tor's Memorial. 1853. — Eight Memorial Sers. and Hist. Notes of Chs. in Somerset Co., N.J. 1873.— Life and Pub. Services of Ex-Gov. Vroom. 1874. — Centennial Hist, of Somerset Co. 1878. — Ser. at Dedication Ch. Lodi, N.Y., 1827. (Mag. R.D.C. ii. 11, 38.— Address at Laying Corner-stone of Ch. Raritan, 1885.— Ser. at Dedication, 1836.— St. Paul's Gratitude to Onesepliorous. 1839.— Man Frail and Mortal : Fun. Ser. of J. H. Castner. 1841. — Domestic Peeling in Our Church. 1845. — Life and Immortality: Fun. Ser. of Mrs. Thompson. 1849.— Ser. at Ordination of Rev. J. Gaston. 1852.- Ser. at the Install, of Rev. John Steele. 1853.— The End of the Upright : Ser. at Fun. of Jas. Campbell. 1864.— Ser. on Death of Pres. Lincoln. 1865. —Thanksgiving Ser. 1868.— The Hollanders in N.J. 1830.— Address at Dr. G. Ludlow's Semi-Centennial. 1871. — Address at Fun. of Rev. Van Liew. 1869. — In Somerset Messenger the following : Indians on the Raritan ; Mili- tary Operations in Somerset Co. in Revolution ; Chimney Rock ; Washing- ton Rock ; Simcoe's Raid ; First Things in Old Somerset. — Serials in Chris- tian Intelligencer, as follows : The Christian Ministry, 52 arts., 1853 ; Confession of Faith, 13 arts.; Local Reminiscences in Holland, 13 arts. ; in Belgium, 8 arts. ; of the Rhine and Rhineland, 24 arts.; of the Isle of Wight, 13 arts. ; Reforms and Reformers before the Reformation, 33 arts. ; Science and the Bible, 13 arts.— Editorials in Ch. Int., 1855-61 ; agaiu, 1870-1.— Arts, in Spragu^s Annals: On Rev. T. J. Frelinghuysen ,■ On Rev. J. R. Hardenbergh.— Reminiscences of Dr. T. DeWitt in DeWitt Memorial. Meuri, John. Melrose, 1867-70. THE SIIXISTEY. 383 Meulendyk, Josias, b. at Eocliester, S.Y., 1849; H.C. 1878, H.S. 1876 ; ]. CI ; S.S. Otley and Sand Ridge, 111., 1877— Meyer, see Myer. Meyer, Hermanus, b. in Germany, 17. . ; Groningen University ; Kingston, 1763-73, Totowa, Fairfield, and Pompton Plains, 1772-85, Totowa and Pompton Plains, 1785-91, d. Oct. 27. Also Prof, of Hebrew, 1784-91, and Lector in Tbeology, 1786-91. D.D. by Q.C. 1789. He was as mucli distinguished for tbe warmth, of his piety and the ardor of his evangelical preaching as for his deep reading and learning. But a few months' exercise of his faithful preaching made it manifest that there was a wide difference between his sentiments and zeal and those to which the people of his first charge had been accustomed. Maucius, his prede cesser, had much learning and ability for discussion, and could triumph- antly defend the' doctrines; but, alas ! consciences slumbered. Meyer, on the other hand, was very practical and pointed. His preaching excited disgust, opposition, and enmity. Such was the disposition in many of the early churches toward doctrines which they now love. So practical was his preaching, that many of his people declared that, while they respected the man, it was impossible to sit under his ministry. After preaching once pointedly on the necessity of regeneration, one of his officers met him and said, " Flesh and blood cannot endure such preaching." He quickly answered, " Flesh and blood cannot inherit the kingdom of God." They could find no just ground of accusation against him. In 1764, he was compelled by the civil authorities to take the oath of allegiance to Great Britain, renouncing, as the oath required, all allegiance, civil or ecclesiastical, to any other power. This made him feel that he had abjured the authority of the Classis of Amsterdam, though he desired to keep up brotherly correspondence. The matter was so important that it became the subject of oflicial correspondence by the civil power, as it was feared that independent charters of non-conforming churches might become detrimental to the Established Church of England. Yet the terms of sur- render in 1664 expressly guaranteed to the Dutch freedom in all religious matters. But the Coetus party now took advantage of this matter of the oath to help their cause. Dr. Meyer at first indeed refused to take it, and only on the advice of Hon. Wm. Livingston, an eminent jurist of New- Jersey, did he finally consent. This gave great offense to his consistory, who were of the Conferehtie party. At length his marriage with one of the families of the Coetus party (a sister of Dr. Hardenbergh) formed division lines. The flames of discord began to spread. The Church was convulsed. Certain Conferentie minis- ters (Eysdyck, Fryenmoet, and Cock) were invited by his enemies to come and judge their affairs, and, though themselves fighting against independent judicatories in America, audaciously took it upon themselves to hear charges and to suspend Mr. Meyer from the ministry, discharging his congregation from their obligations to him. (1766.) Party lines were formed, approving or condemning this strange procedure. Thus this excellent and exceedingly 384 THE MINISTET. useful man by a faction was shut out of liis cLurch. But he continued to preacli for seven years in private houses to such as loved the gospel. The Classis of Amsterdam never lost confidence in his integrity, and at the con- ventiou to eflFect a union of the parties, in 1771, he was admitted to an equal' seat and voice without hesitation. But about this time he received a call from New-Jersey, which he accepted, and his ministerial success there was signally great. His trials and afllictions all wrought for his good. He be- came m.ore earnest, and practical, and evangelical, than ever. He was sub- sequently honored by being chosen to two professorships by the Synod. But his old enemies at Kingston never became reconciled to him. Yet the consistory there, in 1806, virtually allowing the former bad treatment, at- tempted to call his son-in-law, Rev. Jeremiah Eomeyn, though without success. They also hoped in this way to cover their pecuniary obligations to Dr. Meyer, they not having paid his salary to him for several years be- fore he removed away. Mr. Eomeyn, however, went and preached for them on the angels' song at the birth of Christ. Mr. M. was the Intimate friend of Westerlo, of Albany. The happiness of his dying-bed is described in Mag. R.D.C. ii. 300. He possessed full assurance. He was a man of great erudition, of a mild and humble temper, polite and unaffected in his manners, and eminently pious. His great humility prevented him from being as generally useful as he deserved, but those who were acquainted with his worth esteemed him as one of the best of men. — Amst. Cor., many letters. Doc. Hist. iii. 599. Mag. B.D.C. ii. 296, 300; iii. 55, 301, 838. Sprague's Annals. McOUntoch's Cyc. He left a MS. autobiography, which is in the hands of Dr. Hoes. Meyer, John H. C.C. 1795, studied theol. under Livingston, 1. CI. N.T, 1708 ; New-Paltzaud New-Hurley, 1799-1803, Schenectady, 1803-6. He was an accomplished scholar, speaking with great fluency and elegance both in Dutch and English. As a preacher, he was gifted and popular, and was possessed of a peculiar unction in his delivery, He was a son of Her- manns Meyer. — Stitt's Hist. Oh. New-Paltz. Meter, Kakl, from Hesse, Ger., 1863 ; S.S. New-Brunswiek, 3d, 1863-4, Miss, in Jersey City, 1864^6, S. S. New-Brunswick, 1867- D. D. Also Prof. Mod. Langs. B.C. 1869— Mbyeks, Ab. H. U.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. N.B. 1830 ; St. Johnsville, 1830-1, Beaverdam and Berne, 1831-5, Belleville, 1835-7, St. Johnsville, 1837-44, S.S. Berne and Schaghticoke, 1844-8, Manheim, 1848-53, Glen- ville, 1st, 1853-4, North-Esopus, 1855-6, Germantown, 1856-63, S.S. at Esopus, 1862-5, Saddle Eiver, 1866-73, Easton, N.Y., 1873-5, Linlithgow, (Livingston Ch.) 1875-8, emeritus. Michael, Daniel. B.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI. Montgomery, 1836 ; Domestic Miss, at Bedford, Mich., 1836-47, d. 1865. MichaeliuB, Jonas, b. 1577, educated at University of Leyden, lie. 16 . . ; \ THE MINISTRY. 385 [Niewbokswonde, 1613-14, Hem, 1614-16... St. Salvador, lG34r-5, Guinea, 1636-7,] New-Amsterdam, 1638-33, returned to Holland. Jonas Michaelius was tke first minister of the Reformed Churcli in America. He lias taken this honor from Rev. E. Bogardus, to whom it was long conceded. Througli tlie researches of J. J. Bodel Kijenhius, a letter was discovered in the archives at the Hague, bringing these facts to light, and which was transmitted in 1858, by Hon. Henry C. Murphy, the American minister staticmed there. The letter is dated New-Amsterdam, August 11, 1638, and is directed to Rev. Adrian Smontius, Amsterdam. It is not known exactly how long he remained in New- Amsterdam, but in 1637-8, he is styled "late minister to Virginia," (or America.) Since we have no proof that he was colleague with Bogardus, who came in 1633, we may safely sup- pose that he continued not more than four or five years, leaving New- Amsterdam before Bogardus' arrival. The Classis of Amsterdam wished to send him back in 1637, but he did not return. He was married in 1613, his wife dying in May, 1638, seven weeks after their arrival, leaving three children. He arrived at New-Amsterdam April 7, 1628. He had a tem- pestuous voyage, having embarked on Jan. 34th preceding. At his first communion here, he had fifty communicants. He paints a sad picture of the low condition of the natives, and proposes to let the parents go, and try and educate the children. His letter breathes a spirit of deep piety, and submission to the Divine will in all his bereavements. — Vor letter and fuller particulars, see Col. Hist. N. 7. vol. ii. 759-770. This letter is also printed in appendix to Mary Booth's Hist. N.T.O. Middlemas, Jasper. Blooming Grove, 1840-8, S.S. Salem and Berne, 3d, 1848-54, Salem, 1854^5, died 18. . Miles, John B., received from the Preshyt. Ch. of Ireland, as a candidate, by the Classis of Ulster, 1799-1801, dismissed. Milledoler, PhiUp, b. at Rhinebeck, 1775 ; C.C. 1793, studied under Gros, ordained by G.R. Synod, 1794; (N.T.C., Nassau St. Ger. Ref. 1795-1800,' Philadelphia, Pine St. Presbyt. 1800-5, N.T.C., Rutgers St. Presbyt. 1805-13,) New-York, 1813-35, Prof. Theol. and Pres. Rutgers College, at New-Brunswick, and Prof. Moral Phil. 1835-41, d. 1853, Sept. 33. S.T.D. by TJ. Pa. 1805. Elected a trustee Q.C. 1815 ; again E.G. 1833. His parents were Swiss Germans, coming from the Canton of Berne, and settling in New-York in early life. During the occupation of the city by the British, they took up their abode in Rhinebeck. They were members of the Nassau Street German Reformed church, and piously sought to bring up their children in the fear of the Lord. They were gladdened by the- early development of lovely piety in their son Philip. He united with the church in very early youth, and at once chose the ministry, and was licensed in his nineteenth year. He soon became pastor of the church in which hs had been reared, preaching both in German and in English. These early labors met with great acceptance, being already characterized by the rich spiritual unction which afterward pervaded his prayers and discourses, 25 386 THE MIiaSTET. while his development of character and conduct attracted interest and respect. When he preached in English many of other denominations attended. His reputation became such that, on the removal of Dr. Blair from the Third Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia, he received a unani- mous call, which he accepted. Here he labored with great diligence and success. A gentle, yet powerful and extended religious influence spread among the people of his charge, so that large additions were made to the church. When the Rutgers Street Presbyterian Church of New- York was started, he was chosen as the man eminently adapted for the enterprise, and here, too, he was greatly prospered. The reviving influence of the Spirit of God diffused itself, and penetrated like the dew from heaven. There was no sudden and transient excitement like a passing shower, but rather like the spring, unfolding itself, and spreading its streams onward, broader and deeper. But few ministries have been more blessed than his in this church. While in New-Tork he was sought after by the German Reformed Church to take charge of their projected Seminary at Frederick, Maryland, but, difficulties springing up respecting the introduction of the English lan- guage. Dr. M. was led to decline. {Tercent. Monument, 548.) He succeeded Dr. Livingston, however, as Professor of Theology, and President of Rut- gers College, in New-Brunswick. Dr. C. C. Cuyler gave him the charge on this occasion. His duties in this double office were discharged with signal industry and fidelity. He was cordially catholic in his spirit, a lover of good men. He took an active part in the organization and development cf some of the leading benevolent institutions of the day. He was especially noted for his peculiar unction in prayer. He seemed to carry his hearers, as it were, to the very portals of heaven. This gift in him was marvelous. When Henry Clay was received by the Historical Society of New-Yorki shortly after the death of a son. Dr. M. made the prayer. Clay was so much impressed that he sought an introduction and expressed his thanks. The great Dr. Mason once said there were three men who prayed as if they were immediately inspired from heaven. One was Rowland Hill, the other was a certain layman, and the third was Dr. M. This gift led him to give a prominence in his sermons to Christian experience, in the delineation and ■dissection of which he was rarely excelled. He was of a commanding form, a pleasant mien, and attractive manners. He was a preacher of superior ^ifts. His piety was ardent, confiding, and laborious. His success in the ministry was marked ; many and powerful revivals attended it. His sick- ■chamber was quite on the verge of heaven. His wife died one day after him, and their funerals were held together. — See M8. Memoir ly liimsdf- Mag. B.D.C. i. 366 ; ii. 8 ; iii. 148. Boangelical Quarterly, \u 116. Sprague's Annals. McGUntock's Cya. Publications : A Disc, before a Ladies' Soc. for Relief of Widows with ■small Children. 1806.— A Ser. at Install, of Rev. J. B. Romeyn in Cedar St. Ch., N.Y.C. 1808. — A Ser. at the ordination of Rev. Gardiner Spring inBeek- man St. Presb. Ch. 1810.— A Charge to Professor Alexander and the ■Students of Divinity at Princeton. 1813.— Concio ad Clerun : a Ser. at the 'Opening of Gen. Synod, Albany. 1833.— A Ser. at Hackensack, by appoint- THE MISISTEY. 387 ment of Gen. Synod, before the Classis of Paramus and a Commission of the Synod. 1834. (This relates to the recent Secession.)— AddressatRutgers Coll. 1837. (Mag. B.D.C. iii. 148).— Address before the Alamni of Columbia Coll. 1838.— An Address to tlie Graduates of Rutgers Coll, 1831.— Letter from, in Sprague's Lectures on Remval ofBeligion. 1833. — Address at Inang. of Hon. A. B. Hasbrouck as Pres. Rut. Coll. 1840. — Dissertation on Incestuous Marriage. 1843. — Introduction to Currie's Memoir of SUiyter. 1846. — Art. in Sprague's Annals on Rev. Dr. J. N. Abeel. MiLLEK, Bbnj. Cort, b. at New-Lima, Ind., 1850; R.C. 1873, N.B.S. 1875, lie. CI. Xewark ; S.S. Roxbury, 1875-6, pastor, 1876— MiLLEK, Edwakd Rothsat, b. in Pa. ; C.N.J. 1867, P.S. 1871 ; ord. by Presbyt. Jersey City, April, 1873 ; [Miss, to Japan, 1873-5, Presbyterian.] Enters R.D.C. Miss, in Japan, 1875— Mlllee, Edtvaed. R.C. 1857, N.B.S.1860, 1. CI. Hudson, 1860; Berne and Beaverdam, 1860-73, N. Blenheim and Breakbin, 1873— Miller, Isaac L. Kip. R.C. 1840, student in N.B.S., d. 1846. Miller, John E., b. in Albany, 1793 ; U.C. 1813, 1. 1817 ; (Miss, in the South and West, 1817-18, Chester, N.J., 1818-23,) Tompkingville, 1833-47, d. Also Chaplain in Marine Hospital, and at Seaman's Retreat. In his chaplaincy he was undaunted by all the forms of disease Tvith which the hospital was acquainted. Whatever might be the danger to himself — and it was often appalling — or from whatever land the suffering patient might have come he was always by his side when necessity re- quired. He preached the gospel with a simplicity that every one could understand, and with an earnestness which every one felt. Did collision or irritation arise among brethren, he poured a healing oil on the chafed spirit, soothing it to peace and kindness. Was bold and unblushing ini- quity to be rebuked, he threw the fear of man behind him, and looked only at fidelity to God and duty. He walked with calm spirit and unwavering step through rooms charged with poisonous contagion and fetid disease, bearing the message of salvation to the guilty and lost. He was an Israel- ite indeed, in whom was no guile. His bosom was transparent as the purest fountain — an utter stranger to deceit. He said only what he thought, and what he said he did. The transient character of the commu- nity prevented him, in general, from seeing the fruits of his labors. This was a trial to him. But a short time before his death the Master gladdened him with a precious revival, especially among the young. [Miller, John Peter, b. 1715 ; studied at Heidelberg, (Ger.,) came to Ameri- ca 1730, as a licentiate, with 200 Palatine emigrants ; was ordained in 1730 by the Presbyt. Synod of Philadelphia ; Tulpehocken, 1731-5, be- came a hermit ; died 1796.] 388 THE MINISTRY. Miller, Wni. A., h. 1824; U.C. 1842, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. Albany, 1845; Glenham, 1846-9, Prof. Langs. Albany Acad. 1849-56, Ehinebeck, 1856-9 ; d. 1863. D.D. by E.G. 1862. In every position which he occupied he discharged his duties with fidelity, energy, and success. Gifted with a mind well balanced and thoroughly cultivated, he was qualified for wide-spread usefulness. He was an accurate, well-read scholar, and fully equal to the standard of modern criticism. He was a thorough, analytical, and instructive teacher. As a preacher, he clearly presented the truth, was logical ia his reasonings, practical in his expositions, and forcible in his appeals. As a Christian, he was meek in spirit, ardent in piety, and earnest in his endeavors to secure the salvation of souls. Publications : Lessons of the Atlantic Telegraph. 1858. — Hist. For. Miss, in Ch. Int. MiLLEK, Wm. H. N.B.S. 1861, 1. N. CI. L.L 1861 ; Albany, 3d, 1861-2, Mt. Pleasant, 50th St., N.Y.C., 1862-3, w. c. MiLLiKEN, Peter Houston. R.C. 1876, N.B.S. 1879. MiLLiKEN, EiCHARD P., 1. CI. Orange, 1876 ; Grahamville, 1876— Mills, Geo. N.T.C. (Ger.) 1833-33. Mills, Geo. A. B.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1866, 1. S.Cl. L.I. 1866 ; Taghkaaic, 1866- 70, Castleton, 1770— Mills, Samuel Wickham, b. in Orange Co.,N.Y., 1830 ; E.G. 1838, N.B.S. 1843, ]. CI. N.B. 1843; S.S. Bloomingburgh, Oct. 1843-3, May; pastor, 1843-58, Deerpark, 1858-71. w. c. D.D. by E.G. 1874. Publications : Ref. D. Gh. of Walpack : a Hist. Ser. at Dedication of Ch. BushkUl, 1874. Eef. D. Gh. Port Jervis, 1737-1878 : a Hist. Ser. 1878. Millspaugh, Alex. C, b. in Orange Co., N.T., 1810 ; E.G. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. Orange, 1841 ; Middletown Village, 1841-66, Jerusalem and Onisquethaw, 1866-73, Schoharie Mt. and Central Bridge, 1876-78, Union, 1878. MiNOH, John. E.G. 1843, N.B.S. 1845,1. CI. N.B. 1845 ; Miss, to Eidgeway, 1845-8, to Centreville, 1848-50, to Keyport, 1850-1, Leeds, 1851-6, Cor. Sec. Bd. of Publication, 1857-9, Flatbush, (Ulster Co.,) 1859-64, Gleriville, 1st, 1864-73, Port Jackson, 1873— Mitchell, Sam. S., b. New York ; C.N.J. 1861, P.S. 1864 ; [Harrisburg, Pa., 1864-9, Washington, D.C., N.Y. Ave., 1869-78 ;] Brooklyn Heights, 1878— MOBRDTK, Peter, -b. in the Neths. 1845; H.C. 1866, H.S. 1869; lie. CI. Holland ; Macon and South-Macon, 1869-71, Assist. Prof. Latin and Greek in Hope Coll. 1871-3, Grand Rapids, 1873— THE MIinSTEY. 389 The first ministeT of a Eef. Ch. who had received his whole education in our Western institutions. MOEEDYK, Wm. H.C. 1866, H.S. 1861, lie. CI. Holland; Drenthe, 1869-72, Zealand, 1872-77, MUwaukee, 1877— MOHN, Leopold, from Evan. Miss. Assoc., Berlin, 1854 ; North-Bergen, 1854^7, Hohoken, (Ger.) 1857— Montaigne, John, (French Eef.) Fordham, 1696 See Watson's Huguenots of Westdiester Co., N.Y., 87, 88. Bolton's Westchester Go. ii. 332. Waldron's Fordluim, 87. Monteith, Walter, b. at Broadalbin, N.Y., 178.; U.C. 1811, Tutor in U.C. 1812-15, N.B.S. 1818 ; Flatlands and Flatbush, 1819-20, (Schenectady Presbyt. 1820-. ., N.Y.C., Pearl St., 18. .-29,) d. 1834, May 6, in N.Y.C. His talents were of a superior order, and he cultivated them with diligence and success. His piety was deep and energetic. His preaching was instruc- tive and edifying, giving profound and comprehensive views of truth. He was somewhat reserved in his manner, yet an interesting companion and a great supporter of the rising benevolent institutions. In 1838, he wastaken with an affection of the throat which hafiled human skill. He resigned hia charge in 1829, and sought the benefit of a southern climate, but without avail. He died at Mobile. His letters show perfect Christian hope. Moore, Jas. G. La Fayette Col. 1842, P.S. 1845; (Beaver Meadow;) sup- plied Minisiuk, 1848-9 ; teacher at Blairstown, N.J., , (West-Farms, N.Y.,) d. 1858. MooHE, Wm. Lewis, b. in N.Y.; B.C. 1854, P.S. 1857; [Wyoming, Pa., 1857-9, S.S. in N.J. 1859-.., New-Providence, N.J., 1864^70, all Presbyt. ;] Little Falls, N . J ., 1878— MOOKB, Wm. S., b. N.Y.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1839, 1. a. N.B. 1839; Union- ville, Jan. 12, 1840-50, New-Prospect, 1850-6, ITnionville and Greenburgh, 1856-64, Minisink, 1864-9, Gilboa, 1869-78, Woodstock, 1873— Morgan, Joseph, b. 1674; ordained 1697, in Connecticut. (Bedford and East Chester, N.Y., 1699-1704, Greenwich, Ct., 1704-8, Freehold, Presbyt. 1708-31,) Freehold and Middletown, N.J., 1709-31, (Hopewell and Maidenhead, N.J. , 1733-7, susp.;)d. 1740. His father came to New-London about 1647, under the lead of the younger John Winthrop. He is said to have been of Welsh origin. Joseph was subjected to persecutions in his ministry, on account of the manner of his ordination. His use of notes in preaching was much opposed by the neighboring ministers, so that he was obliged to desist. In 1708 he re- moved to Freehold, to take charge of the Scotch church there. The Dutch sought a part of his services, and he was also installed as their pastor, Oct. 19, 1709, although a member of the Presbytery of Philadelphia. He learned the Dutch language out of pure zeal for the work. He gave the 390 THE MINISTRY. Dutoli tliree-fourtlis of his services. About 1731 a revival was enjoyed. The next year lie went to Connecticut to seek additional ministerial help, but in vain. He was the author of a number of printed sermons, on various subjects, and was in correspondence with Cotton Mather. A Latin letter of Morgan to Mather, dated 1721, is preserved at Worcester, Mass. He complains that he had very few books. He published treatises on Baptism, on Deism, on Original Sin, and on Sin its own Punishment. Also, a Reply to an anonymous railer against election. He says. In one of his publica- tions, that as congregations keep their ministers free from worldly avoca- tions, by liberal support, does the work of Christ flourish. Various charges were at length brought against him, such as " practising astrology, coun- tenancing promiscuous dancing, and transgressing in drink," (1728.) They were hot sustained. In 1736, intemperance was proved against him, but in 1738 he was restored. Subsequently, having heard Whitefield preach, he was so affected thereby that he went forth as an evangelist along the sea- coast of New-Jersey, and died in this work. — See Waster's History of the Presbyt. Oh. 835. Bev. T. W. Wells' Hist. Disc, at Marlboro; 1877. Publications : A Latin letter to Mather, 1731. (The original in Antiquarian Soc. at Worcester.) — Treatise on Baptism. — A Treatise on Original Sin. — A Treatise on Sin its own Punishment. — A Reply to an Anonymous Railer against Election. MOKUis, Henry, b. near Buskirk's Bridge, Washington, N.Y., Sept. 19, 1803 ; Ham. C. 1833, N.B.S. and P.S. 1834-8, 1. Presbyt. Troy, Feb. 25, 1829; ord. by same as au evangelist, Feb. 23, 1881; (Miss, at Wappiug, Ct., 1839-33, Granville, N.Y., 1833-4, Orwell, Vt., 1834-41, supplied Burling- ton, Ct., 1841-8,) Union Village, 1843-8, Easton, N.Y., (S.S.,) 1850-5, Cud- debackville, 1855-63, serving in Christian Com. among the soldiers, Nov. 1863— May 1864, at Newborn, Roanoke Is., and Plymouth, N.C. ; supply- ing churches, 1864-76, emeritus. Publication : Sermons on Baptism. 1844. MOKRis, Jonathan Ford. N.B.S. 1834 ; 1. CI. N.B. 1834 ; Miss, successive- ly at Ovid, Fayette, Pultneyville, and Wynantskill, 1834-5, at Montville, 1835-7, at Amsterdam, (or Albany Bush,) Glen, Charleston, Ephratah, Stone Arabia, Herkimer, Ford's Bush, Asquach, 1837-9, Nassau, 1839-33, w. c. — Morse, A. G. Cato. S.S. 1857-9. [Morse, B. T. Miss, to Rochester and Clove, 1838.] Moule, John G. R.C. 1834. P.S. 1837; Unionville, 1837-9, Sand Beach, 1839-41 (Orwell ; Damascus, Pa.; Colchester, N.Y.; Colicoon, N.Y.) Moulinar, J. J., French Eef., N.Y.C., 1718-. ., New-Rochelle, 17. .-. ., d. Oct. 1741. [Miiller, Fred. C. Long Swamp, Pa., 1748-5.. Earbaugh's Lives, ii. 380.] THE MINISTET. 391 MuLLBR, John. R.C. 1831, X.B.S. 1854, 1. CI. N.Y. 1854; Wolcott, 1854-7, S.S. Burlington, Iowa, 1858-61, Silver Greet, 1861-72, Peoria, 1873— Mulligan, John. Eector of Gr. School at^N.B. 1828-30 ; teacher in N.Y.C. 1839-61, d.; also Prof. Latin and Greekin N.T. University, 1832-3. He was a man of exceeding modesty, and, partly from this fact, never regularly settled over a charge. He was an Irish gentleman, remarkably well educated, endowed by nature with a very acute and comprehensive mind, which was well stored with the acquisitions of years of study and careful and extensive experience and observation. He was almost too learned for a common teacher, being better adapted to the professorial chair, but he was a man of great faithfulness, diligence, courtesy, and kind- ness. He had few of the graces of elocution, and little action, but his ser- mons were well prepared, learned, well written, and full of thought. MxiNN, Anson F., b. in Stockbridge, Mass., 1828; E.G. 1852, N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. N.B. 1856 ; East New-York, 1856-68, Coxsackie Landing, 1868-77, d. June 26. He is the first member of our class of 1856 who has been called to the heavenly sanctuary. He was a good preacher, and a tender, watchful, and judicious pastor. His sermons were prepared with care, and presented the results of a. diligent study of the divine word and a ripening Ghris- ' tiau experience. He was particularly gentlemanly in his manners. Not the least of the graces which shone in his excellent character was his genuine modesty, which did not permit him to put himself forward on any occasion. Murden, Benj. F. E.G. 1843, N.B.S. 1846, L Gl. N.T. 1846; Taghkanic, 1847-50, Union, 1850-4. [Plymouth, Mich., Preshyt. 18—.] Murdock, David, Gatskill, 1842-51, d. 1861. PvMication : The Dutch Domine of the GatskUls. 1861. Murphy, Jas., b. near Hhinebeek, 1788 ; N.B.S. 1814, 1. Gl. N.B. 1814; Eochester, Wawarsing, and Glove, 1814r-25, Glenville, 2d, 1826-34 ; (also Miss, at Eexfordville, 1830,) St. Johnsville and Manheim, 1834-6, Herki- mer and German Flats, 1836-9, Herkimer and Frankfort, 1839-40, Her- kimer and Mohawk, 1840-1, Goeymans, 1841-3, Herkimer, 1843-49, S.S. Golumbia, 1850-4, Frankfort, 1854-7, d. 1857. He enjoyed in a high degree the respect and esteem of his fellow-citizens, on account of his learning, his meekness, and his assiduity as a Christian teacher. He was fond of study, had a special relish for the classics, and some of the natural sciences. He published a book entitled " Geology consistent with the Bible." He was a preacher of superior abilities, and a pastor of approved fidelity. He was strongly urged to accept a call to the Ger. Eef. Gh. of Harrisburgh, in 1837, but declined.— Bct. Ghas. Scott. Publications: Bible and Geology. 1850. — Art. in Sprague's Annals onB-ev. Jer. Eomeyn. Murray, Chauncy D. Market Street, N.T.C., 1861-3. 392 THE MINISTEY. Mutzelius, Frederick, b. in Germany, 1704 ; Tappan, 1736-49, d. 1783, Ap. 7. He began as a conservative member of the Coetus party, but soon became doubtful, if not positively antagonistic to tbem. He bad considerable diffi- culty witli tbe cliurcb of Tappan, and in 1749 was obliged to desist preach ing. — Amst. Gor., many letters or references. Myer, see Myer. My er, Gilbert McP.,b. at Coxsackie, 1815 ; B.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. Greene, 1841 ; Colioes, 1841-6, d. He possessed a bright, inquiring, and ingenious mind. He had a me- chanical talent and taste, was a good student, and devoted Christian. His ministry in the new field of his new charge was successful and encouraging, and in a year or two after his settlement he was blessed with a precious revival. He was highly beloved and esteemed for the suavity of his man- ners and the fidelity of his ministrations. His sermons were more argu- mentative than hortatory, and his address, though not powerfully earnest, was pleasant and attractive. — G. S. Myebs, ALirnnD Edwauds, b. N.Y.C.Dec. 29, 1844 ; W.C. 1866, N.B.S., P.S. andU.S. 1870; lie. S. CI. L.T.; Bethany Chapel, Brooklyn, 1870-1, BronxvJlle, 1871-6, S.S. Owasco, 1877, pastor, 1878— Mtees, Hbnbt Van Schoonhovdn, b. N.Y.C., 1843; W.C. 1865, N.B.S. 1868, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1868 : traveling in Europe, 1868-70 ; assistant to Quack- enbush. Prospect Hill, N.Y.C., May-Oct. 1870 ; ord. by CI. Hudson, Feb. 14, 1871 ; Upper Red Hook, 1871-4, South-Brooklyn, 1874^ Nasholds, Wm. Hosea. E.G. 1876, N.B.S, 1879. Nathaniel, Moses, studied under the Missionaries ; lie. CI. Arcot, India, 1877. Neal, Ava, C.C. 1810, tutor in E.C. 1814; N.B.S. 1816, 1. CI. N.B. 1816; Pompton Plains and Fairfield, 1817-33, Pompton Plains, 1833-38, sus- pended in 1839, restored 1833, d. 1839. Publications : An Abstract of Dr. Livingston's Theology. 1843. Neander, J. Miss, to Jews, 1846-8. Neef, G. L. N.Y.C, Norfolk St. (Ger.) 1875— Neef, Jacob F. Stuttgardt Coll., Germany, 18—, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. N.Y. 1858 ; Plainfield and Warren, 1858-64, Albany, 4th, 1865— Nebkken, Nich. H.C. 1871, H.S. 1874. Nevius, Elbert, b. near Sis Mile Run, N.J., 1803; R.C. 1830, N.B.S 1884, 1. hy CI. Cayuga, 1834 ; Miss, at Lyons, 1833, Arcadia, 1835-8, voyage to Java, June-Sept. 1836, Batavia, 1836-9, Pontianak, 1839-44, (voyage to Singapore, 1843,) returned to America ; Stuyvesant, 1846 — THE MINISTEY. 393 Publications : Art. iu Sprague'a Annals on Eev. W. J. Polalman. — Sketch of the Classis of Rennselaer. 1876. [Nevelling, John Wesley Gilbert, b. in Westphalia, Ger., 1750 ; studied un- der Weyberg and Gros, lie. by German Coetus, 1771 ; Amwell, N. J., 1770-83, also Chaplain in the Revolution ; Reading, 1783, d. 1844.] He came to America in company with Mrs. Weyberg, whose nephew he was, her husband having preceded her hither. During the Revolution, so ardent was he in the cause of liberty, that iu order to afford relief to the embarrassed Continental Congress, he converted all his property into cash, and loaned it to Congress, (amounting to $25,000,) taking only their certifi- cate in return. He preached to the troops, and was held iu high esteem by Washington. The British government offered a. large sum for his appre- hension, and Washington once placed a troop of horse at his disposal for his protection. His certificate from Congress by some means passed into other hands, and he was defrauded of the whole of it. In 1788, while riding on horseback, with a long pipe in his mouth, his horse fell, and his pipe inflicted a severe wound in his throat, which perma- nently affected his speech. With a large family, and without ability, stern poverty stared him in the face. But Providence raised him up friends continually, who assisted him. He was a man of noble personal presence, of commanding pulpit talents, and was a popular preacher for the times. His active ministry was crowded into thirteen years, and for the last sixty years of his life he was a paralytic. For forty years of this time he was entirely helpless. But he bore all his afflictions with lamb-like patience. His Bible was his constant companion till his eyesight failed him, and even then he lay quietly in hia chamber, always happy, never fretting, submitting to all his privations cheerfully. — HarbaugTi's lAves. Xewton, E. Easton, N.T. (S.S.) 1844. Nicholls, Thos., b. at Tonkers, N.T., 1838; C.N.J. 1856, TJ.S. 1860, A.S. 1861; [Chester, X.Y., 1863-71,] Queens, L.I., 1871-5, [Xew-Brunswick, 1875—] Publicalions : Sermon on Preaching to the Conscience. 1873. NlES, Helenus Elizatjs, b. in Groningen, Neths., 1844 ; H.C. 1873, H.S. 1876, lie. CI. Holland ; Saugatuck, 1876— Niewenhyt. See Van Mewenhuysen. — See Gunn's Livingston, 49, and Rogers' Discourse, 63. Noble, Geo. Pleasants, b. N.T.C. 1845 ; W.C. 1865, TJ.S. 1868 ; Brooklyn, Myrtle Av. (S.S.) 1868-9; [Weehawken, N.J., 1869-71, Maiden, N.Y., 1871—] Noe, D.D. S.S. Columbia and Warren, 1835. 394 THE MINISTEY. Nott, Chas. DeKay, b. Normau Vale, N.Y., 1833;vU.C. 1854, U.S. 1856, N.B.S. 1859, lie. CI. Albany; Mohawk, 1859-64; [Mancliester, N.J., 1864r-5, Urbana, N.Y., 1866-9, Kansas City, Mo., 1870-1, St. Louis, Mo., 1871-3. Davenport, Iowa, 1873— ; all Presbyt.] D.D. by U.C. 1874. Nott, Jolin, (s. of Eev. Dr. Eliplialet Nott, the patriarchal President of U.C.,)b. at Albany, 1801; U.C. 1833, A.S. and P.S. ; tutor in U.C. 1830, Assist. Prof. Rhetoric U.C. 1839-54 ; Rotterdam, 2d, 1841-54 ; also supply- ing at times Princetown, N.Y. ; residing at Goldsborough, in North- Carolina, 1854-60, d. May 13, 1878. Ill-health during early youth, and indeed during much of his life, with frequent suffering, placed many hindrances in the way of acquirements, and was no doubt the cause of many eccentricities which were peculiar to him. He continued the duties of his professorship, and ministered to the neigh- boring churches with much regularity, especially at the Presbyterian Church of Quilderland, at the Second Reformed Church of Rotterdam, and at the Reformed Church of Auriesville. At the last-mentioned church he per- formed the duties of a pastor for seventeen years faithfully, and was held in great love and esteem by that people. He died with the harness on. For the last year of his life lie was aware that the time ot his departure was drawing near, but was calm and composed in view of death, and death came to him at last as a kind reaper, to gather in the sheaf of corn which was fully ripe. He was a man of great simplicity, without guile, ever studying things which make for peace ; and ia that spirit he fell asleep. — Bev. Dr. DeBaun. Nucella, John Peter, c. to America, 1695 ; Kingston, 1695-1704, also sup- plied Albany, 1698-1700, during the interval between Dellius and Lydius. In 1704 went to London to take charge of Queen Anne's Chapel there. He was a candidate for the ministry when the Classis of Amsterdam put the call of Kingston in his hands. The Classis said he was well-spoken, studious, edifying; "one also who has been tried by us for many years." Regret was expressed by the Classis that he was not able also to preach in the English language. On account of the preceding troubles at Kingston the Classis exhorted the church to receive him with all the respect and deference due to an ambassador of God. It was through his caution that dissensions were prevented at Albany, when Freeman attempted to antici- pate Lydius in settling there. (Freeman, Lyditjs.) The Classis subse- quently commended him for his prudence in this affair. It is not clear why he should have been called to Queen Anne's Chapel, London, when lament ia expressed that he could not preach English in Kingston. Could he have learned to speak classical English in a few years in a Dutch settlement on the Hudson? Ex-Governor Fletcher was, iu 1704, in London, in corre- spondence with Dellius at Antwerp, and Nucella had protected Dellius from certain charges made against Mm. This may, perhaps, explain his removal to London.— ^m««. Cor., Letters, 276, 296, 306. Col. Hist.vf. 583. Doc. Hist. iii. 77. THE MIXISTEY. 395 Nykeek, G. J., studied tlieology with Rev. John Van Vleck, 1858 ; lie. by CI. Holland, 1858 ; Overyssel, 1858— Oakey, Peter D. b. New Brunswick, 1810; EC. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. N.Y. 1844 ; Oyster Bay, 1844-7, Brooklyn, Middle, 1847-9, [Jamaica, Presbyt., 1850-70,] teacliing at Nesbauic, 1S70-6, also supplying Three Bridges, 1873-6; [Springfield, L.I., Presbyt., 1876—] Publications: Edited an edition of Bev. B. F. Stanton's Sermons, 1848. — The War ; its Origin, Purposes, and our Duty respecting it. 1861. — A Thanks- giving Sermon. — Christian 'Watchfulness. — 200th Anniversary of Presbyt. Church, Jamaica, L.I. — Funeral Sermon of Nathan Shelton, M.D. — Address before the Queens Co. School Convention, on Thales, the first Ionic School- teacher. — A New Year's Exhortation. 1868. Oehl. See Ehle and Eal. Oertee, JoHir Hbnky, b. in Westphalia, Germany; N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. N.Y., 1856; Warren, 1856-8, German, 4th, N.Y.C., 1858— D.D. by B.C., 1878. Publication : Art. on Socialism, 1878. Offord, Eobt. M., from Methodist Ch.; Lodi, N.J., 2d, 1878— Ogden, J. G. Buskirks, 1876— Ogawa, Toshiyashu, (a Japanese,) studied under the missionaries ; ordained by Chiu-Kuwai (assembly) of Japan, 1877, as a minister of the Union Church of Christ in Japan. Oggei, E. Christian. B.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1866, 1. CI. Holland, 1866; North- Holland, 1866-9, Editor of "De Hope," 1869 ; Graafschap, 1870-3; Grand Haven, 1st, 1873-8 ; [Kankakee, 111., 1st, Presb., 1878—] Oggel, Pieter J. Grand Haven, 1856-9, Pella, 1860-63, Prof, in Hope Col- lege, 1868-9, d. Dec. 13. Ogilvie, James Glaen, b. 1749, lie. 1826 ; Montville, 1836-7, Miss, at Little Falls and Fairfield, 1837-9, Fairfield, 1829-33, d. Aug. 5, from injuries received by being thrown from his horse. Okttno, Masatsuna, (a Japanese,) studied under the missionaries ; ord. by the Chiu-Kuwai of Japan, 1877, as a, Christian minister of the Union Church of Christ in Japan. OliiVBK, Matthbw N. , (son-in-law of Eev. F. B. Thompson,) U.C. 1857, N.B.S, 1871, lie. CI. Kingston ; Clover Hill, 1871— Oppib, John, b. at Griggstown, N.J., 1854 ; E.G. 1874, N.B.S. 1878, lie. CI. N.B. ; Geneva,^1878— Okmiston, Wm., b. in Scotland, 1831 ; Univ. of Victoria Coll. 1848, Sem. United Preftyt. Ch. ' Canada ; lie. and ord. by Presbyt. of Toronto, 396 THE MINISTRY. (IT.P.S.) 1849 ; [Prof, in Victoria Coll. 1847-9, Clarke, Can. 1849-53, Lecr turer in Normal Instifc., Toronto, 1853-7, Hamilton, Can., 1857-70 ;] New- York, Sept. 11, 1870— Elected a trustee of E.C. 1876. D.D. Publications. — A sermon commemorative of Dr. Tlios. DeWitt. 1874. — Must I Bepent First ? lu Words in Season. 1876. Orb, Thos. X., b. in Franklin Co., Pa., 1836; Jeff. Col. 1857, Allegh. Sem. 1863 ; lie. Presbyt. Carlisle, 1863 ; ord. Presbyt. Alleghany City, 1863 ; [Allegliany Central Ch. 1863-9 ;] Philadelphia, 1st, 1869— Osborn, Michael, b. inN.T. ; P.S. 1823 ; (Metuchen, 1833-.., Newbern,N.C., Club Creek, Va., all Presbyt. ; Schraalenburgh, 1838-41, (Briery, Va., 1841-.., Farmville, Va.,) d. 1863. Ostrander, Henry, b. at Plattekill, N.Y., Mar. 11, 1781 ; U.C. 1799, studied under Froeligh, 1. CI. Paramus, 1800 ; Coxsackie, 1801-10, Catskill, (or Leeds,) 1810-12, Caatsban, 1813-63 ; also pastor at Saugerties village, 1839-40, and S.S. at Hurley, 1811-14, w. c— Died Nov. 33, 1873. D.D. by R.C. 1844. He was of Huguenot descent, and reached the age of ninety-two and a half years. For seventy-two years was he a minister of the gospel, thus becoming a connecting link between periods considerably separated. Having been a student of Dr. Froeligh, he was very much attached to him as a learned divine and an excellent instructor, yet he discountenanced his act of secession in 1822. He was ypossessed of qualities which made him at once a good pastor and an agreeable companion ; sincere, social and kind, he naturally rose in the esteem of all men, because of his natural adaptedness to make for himself friends without appearing to intend it. His ministry was one of instruction, whose aim was to make the doctrines of grace familiar to the ears and comprehension of all to whom he ministered, and his efibrts were blessed to the salvation of many souls. He officiated in Dutch or Eng- lish as occasion required. His style of preaching attracted many. Not a, few of the papers in the records of .the Classls of Ulster are the productions of his vigorous pen. For perspicuity and vigor of style, and for potency of logic, they stand unrivaled. His mind was vigorous and active, and was fruitful in devices to adjust ecclesiastical strifes. At such times he rose to the dignity of a lofty manhood in firmness of purpose and in determination not to yield in matters of principle, while at the same time he was kindly yielding in matters of expediency. He was a bold^ fearless and formidable advocate, and few men, either of the laity or clergy, were able to meet him on the field of controversy or in the arena of extemporaneous debate. And although at times imperious, he was also equally magnanimous, kind and conciliatory, and ready for the adjustment of difficulties by mutual conces- sions and compromises. His intercourse with his ministerial brethren was marked with the dignity and courtesy of a Christian gentleman of the olden school. ' It was his delight to dive into the abstract questions of philosophy and theology. In these departments of learning he became ftn adept. His '^ 'V Engdty^-H^l^tchie THE imflSTEV. 397 mind was keen, analytical, and discriminating, as well as fertile and com- prehensive. His presentation of a subject was felt by tlie thougbtful lis- tener to be convincing and complete. Tliere was nothing of the mere sen- sational about his preaching. On sudden occasions he was wonderfully happy and effective in his discourses. An unction then pervaded his lan- guage, springing directly from his heart. His gift of prayer was remarka- ble. — Gordon's Life of Ostrander. Publications : Arts, in Sprague's Annals on Kevs. John Schuuema, Sol. Froeligh, Moses Proeligh, and Jac. Sickles. Fifteen of his sermons are published in Gordon's memoir of him, with selections from his autobiogra- phy, and extracts from his letters. Ostrander, Stephen, b. at Poughkeepsie, 1769 ; studied under Meyer and Liv- ingston, (Meyer's last student,) 1. Synod of E.D. Chs. 1792 ; Miss, along the Mohawk, 1792-3, Miss, to western parts of Green, Ulster, and Sulli- van Cos. and to Delaware Co., N.T., 1793, (M.G.8. i. 264,)Pompton Plains and Parsippany, 1793-1809, Parsippany, 1809-10, Schaghticoke and Tya- shoke, 1810-21, Argyle, (S.S.,) every third Sab. 1810-. ., Miss, in N.Y.C., Hoboken, Powle's Hook, and Harsimus, 1822-3, Oakhill and Durham, 1834-31, Blooming Grove, 1831-9, emeritus, d. 1845. Descended from a pious stock, he was one of a large family of children, and was early selected by his parents (and which also accorded with his own desires) for the ministry. His early education was received at the Kingston Academy, and in theology he was the last pupil of Professor Meyer. Synod sent him, soon after his settlement, on a mission to West- ern New- York, (1794.) The whole journey was necessarily performed on horseback, at that early day the country being a wilderness. There were a few detached settlements and solitary churches to be looked after. His ministry was attended with considerable success at Pompton ; but diflBcul- ties of a local and political origin crept in, disturbing the peace of the church, and which induced him to resign in 1809, in the expectation that another church would be erected at Pompton. In 1810, a permanent mis- sion to the Seneca Indians was offered him by the N.T. Missionary Society, but declined. His charges in the North were very laborious, riding a dozen miles to supply Tyashoke, every second Sabbath, and for two years riding twenty-five miles every third Sabbath, to preach at Argyle. While in this section, he was blessed with a revival. While a missionary in N.T. City, he was the means of gathering and organizing a church in Greene Street. At Oakhill he also labored for seven years, at a great sacrifice of ease and comfort, but in his advancing age became more pleasantly situated, and was the means of healing, to a great extent, the unhappy secession in Blooming Grove. Here, at length, pulmonary disease compelled him to re- sign, and he removed to a property of his own, in the vicinity of Spotswood, N.J. He was distinguished for solid judgment and persevering industry ; xm- sophisticated himself, to an irreproachable life he united a guileless sim- plicity, with an honest, unwavering decision of purpose. His practice was sel- 398 , THE mXISTEY. dom inconsistent wltli liis liigli calling. He was conscientious and exact in tlie performance of Lis duties, uuweariedly directing Lis eflforts -with a view to usefulness. Well read in tLeology, Le was a sound, practical divine ; Lis ministry was characterized by a plain exhibition of gospel truth, and an urgent enforcement of duty. His disposition was frank and benevolent. Unobtrusive and unassuming in his deportment, lie pursued the even tenor of Lis way, neitLer seeking nor valuing the distinctions and honors of life. Mag. B.D.O. iv. 173. Ostrom, Alvin. R.C. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI, 1858 ; voyage to China, Oct. 1858-MarcL, 1859, Amoy, 1859-64, voyage to America, Jan.-M.arch, 1864, S.S. Franklin, 18G6-8, Franklin, 1868-9. Presbyterian. Publications : Translation (in part) of the Gospel of Mark into Amoy Colloquial. [Otterbein, Philip Wm., b. in Nassau Dillenburg, Ger., 1726, studied at Herborn, c. to America, 1752 ; Lancaster, 1753-8, Talpehocken, 1758-60 Frederick, Md., 1760-5, York, Pa., 1765-70, visited Germany, 1770-1, York, 1771-4, Baltimore, 1774^1813, d.] Ho was of a missionary spirit even in his youth. His mother Lad dedi- cated Lim to this service, for Jesus' sake. Schlatter's visit to Europe found him ready, and he returned with him, to preach to the destitute in America. He met with discouragements in his ministry, owing to looseness and irreg- ularities in Lis church, yet Lad success. In his last charge, the United Brethren claimed him as a father to their sect. He was entirely free from bigotry, and willing to help any friends of Christ, though he continued a regular minister of the Reformed Church down to the time of his death. In proof of his catholicity, in 1802 Le enrolled his name on a Methodist Class- Book, in order to help promote discipline in that branch of the Church. He was a man of ardent piety and burning zeal ; had extraordinary preaching powers, and left deep impressions. His gifts and zeal led him on extensive itinerations. He often officiated at camp-meetings, and, when obliged to leave, he encouraged sensible and gifted laymen to exhort and pray. Many of these at length became preachers. Differences of opinion soon arose among them. At first, Otterbein's word was acknowledged by all as final. But, at length, they grew unwilling to submit. He wished that all should continue in their several church connections to which they belonged', and submit to their discipline. Bat these new preachers became censorious to- ward the old churches, on account of their deadness. Hence grew a sepa- rate organization. Otterbein's disciples developed Lis zeal for a revival in tlie Church into a new organization. He tried to prevent this, and when ho could not, he withdrew. He consented to ordain a chief preacher, (Newcomer,) of the United Brethren, a few weeks before his death, and thus give validity to tLeir irregular ministry. Dr. Kurtz, of the Lutheran Church, was with Lim at his death. He responded to his friend's prayer, "Amen, amen I It is finished." Soon after, he quoted the words of the aged Simeon . "Lord, now lettest thou thy servant depart in peace, ac- THE MINISTRY, 399 cording to tliy word, for mine eyes have seen thy salvation." After an in- terval, he again spoke : "Jesus, Jesus, I die ; but thou livest, and soon I ■will live with thee. The conflict is over. I begin to feel an unspeakable fullness of divine love and' peace. Lay my head on my pillow, and be still." " There was a charm in his preaching which chained the listener. Dig- nified in his deportment, iu the pulpit he spoke calmly, solemnly, tenderly. His enunciation was distinct, and his thoughts ran in a clear, logical order; wliile his exhortations moved, with great power, the emotions of his andi- once." — Sarhaugh's Lives. Otterson, Jas., b. in N.Y.C. 1791; C.C. 1803, studied with Mason, lie. by As- soc. Ref. 1831 ; (Broadalbin, Assoc. Ref. 1831-7,) Oyster Bay and North- Hempstead, 1837-34, Freehold, 1835-8, Rockaway, 1840-5, (Presbyt. Johnstown, N.T., 1845-. ., Wilmington, Del., 18. .-63,) d. 1867. He was born of Scottish ancestry, and succeeded Dr. Proudfit in the Assoc. Ref. Ch. of Broadalbin. He possessed a clear analytical mind, which showed the effect of early culture. He was a good scholar, a sound and able theologian, and a very instructive and edifying preacher. His style was clear and forcible. His speech flowed smoothly from his lips, as he touched the heart and reached the conscience. He was an able expounder of the word. In the ecclesiastical assemblies of the Church, he had few superiors. It was not merely as a parliamentarian, as one skillful in debate, that he excelled, but as possessing a strong practical mind, that could lead the way through difBcult and perplexing questions — that could see the end to be reached, and how to reach it. — W. M. Overbagh, Peter A. b., 1779; studied, theol. under Livingston, lie. 1803; Bethlehem and Coeymans, 1805-6, Woodstock, 1806-9, Woodstock and Flatbush, (Ulster,) 1809-17, Flatbush, (Ulster,) 1817-41, d. 1843. After 1834, preached also at Plattekill station. He was a nseful and faithful man. Through his influence, the character of the community in which he spent his ministry was greatly changed. He organized a church iu Flatbush, with a dozen members, and left it with three hundred, and a new organization also near by. His labors, while almost unknown to the world, were persevered in, in obscurity and retirement, and resulted in the conversion of many souls. His sudden summons to depart was received by him with calm composure, as might have been expected from his life. — Fan. Ser. ly Bei). Dr. D. D. Demarest. Paige, Winslow, from the Congregational Chnrch, 1793 ; Schaghticoke and Stillwater, (or Sinthoik,) 1793-1807, Florida, 1808-14, Florida and Wind- ham, 1814-33, Broome, Blenheim, (Breakabin,) and Windham, 1833-7, also Miss, at Beaverdam, 1833, Windham and Broome, 1837-29, Broome, 1839-36, Gilboa, 1836-7, died. Palmer, Sylvanus, b. 1770 ; studied under Bassett, 1. CI. Albany, 1803 ; em- ployed by Northern Miss. Soc. at Union and Chenango, 1803-8, Union, 400 THE MINISTEY. (Tioga Co.,) and Chenango, 1808-18, Middletown and Fonda's BubIi, 1818- 20, suspended, 1823, seceded. [Union, 1822-35, Union and Flats, 1835-9, declared independent ; Tribe's Hill and Mayfield ; d. 1846] Pake, And. Jackson, b. at Eyegate, Vt., 1834; N.Y.U. 1863, U.S. 1866, lie. and ord. 4tli Presb. (N.S.) jST.Y.C. 1866 ; [Brownsville, Texas, Oct. 1866-8, June ; in Northern Mexico, June, 1868-73, Ap. ; these labors were inde- pendent, until Feb. 1870, when he received help from Am. and For. Ch. Union ;] Jersey City, Free Eef. Ch., 1873-8, Miss, at 111 Fulton St., N.T.C., 1878— Paekek, Chs., b. New-Haven, Ct., 1816; U.S. 1848; ord. (Cong.) Nov. 5, 1848; [S.S. Pleasant Valley, N.Y., 1848-9, S.S. Eamapo, N.T., 1849-50, S.S. N.Y.C. 1850-1, S.S. West-Hoboken, 1851-8 ;] Hoboken, 1854^7, Ber- gen Point, 1858-60 ; [S.S. Irving, Kansas, 1861-5, occasional supply, ditto, 18G5-73 ;] Hoboken, 1874— Parker, David, from England ; Philadelphia, 3d, 1817-20, Ehinebeck Flats, 1820-6, returned to Eng., d. 1838 (?) Parry, Joseph. Fort Miller, 1833-7, w. c. 1837-00. Paton, Thomas. U.S. 1868, 1. CI. N.Y. 1808. Paulison, Christian Z., b. near Hackensack, 1805 ; C.N.J. 1822, N.B.S. 1838, 1. CI. N.B. 1820 ; Marbletown, 1836-29, Aquackanonck, 1829-31, seceded, [Hackensack and Paterson, 1833, suspended by seceders, Hackensack, in. dependent, 1833-40, Glen, 1840-18. ., d. 1851.] Publications: Development of Facts justifying a Union with True E.D.C 1831. — An Address to the Friends of True Godliness jet in connection with True E.D.C. Pp. 61. 1833. Pbarse, Jacob Lansing, b. in N.Y. ; U.C. 1849, P.S. 1856, 1. CI. Schenec- tady, 1856 ; Hagaman's Mills, 1856-9, East- Williamsburg, 1859-60, Beth- lehem, 3d, 1860— Pbarse, Nicholas, b. in Albany Co., N.Y., 1846 ; E.C. 1870, N.B.S. 1873, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1873 ; New-Salem and Clarksville, July 1, 1873-7, New- Lotts, May 1, 1877— Pbabse, Eichaed a, E.C. 1870, N.B.S. 1873, 1. CI. . . ., 1873 ; Florida, 1873— Peck, (or Pick,) Diederich Christian A. Canajoharie, German Flats, and Stone Arabia, 1788-96, Stone Arabia, 1796-1800, suspended, d. 1803. A portly man, an amateur equestrian, and who has left behind him the reputation of an unsurpassed orator. Great congregations thronged him everywhere. Peck, Thos. EuoaLES Gold, b. Whitesbpro, Vt., 1831 ; Y.C. 1848, P.S. and U.S. 1852, 1. Presbyt. N.Y. 1852; tra\4led in the East, 1853-3, ord. THE MISriSTKY. 401 Evang. Presbyt. N.T. 1853 ; Ass. Ed. N. 7. Observer, 1853-4, Riclimond, S.I., 1854r-60, iudependent Huguenot Ch., Charleston, S.C, 1860-65, Hast- ings, 1865 — Peekb, Alonzo Paige. R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1863; Sliokan and Sliandaken, 1863-5, Owasco, 1865-73, Rbiuebeck, 1872— Peeke, Geo. H. R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860,1. CI. Scbenectady, 1860; Miss, at Soutk-Bend, Ind., 1860-61, Glenville, 1st, 1861-3, Greenpoint, 1863-5, Jersey City, 1st, 1865-69, Davenport, 1869-73, Owasco, 1872-5, [Presbyt.] Peffers, Aaron Burr, b. N.T.C. 1824; TJ.N.T. 1850, U.S. 1853; ord. (Cong.) 1855 ; [Fairfield, Ct., 1855-8, S.S. Charlton Centre, N.Y., 1858-9, Epsom, N.H., 1860-5, Wrentham, Mass., 1865-8 ;] Sehodack, 1869-73 ; [S.S. Dra- cut, Mass., 1874—] Peiret, Pierre, (Peiretz, Perret.) London 16. .-87, French Ref., N.T.C. Oct. 1688-1704, d. Nov. 1. He remained the colleague of Daille until 1696, when the latter removed to Boston. Peiret generally officiated in the city and Daille in the country. He petitioned for a pension in Oct. 1697, and received £20 thereafter annually till his death. (See Doe. Hid. W. T. {Uo ed.) ii. 347 ; iii. 350, 560, 707. Col. Sist. N. T. iii. 415, 749 ; also Baird's BaiUe, 93. Smith's N. r. 44.) Peltz, Philip, b. in Philadelphia, Pa.; U.Pa. 1845, N.B.S. 1848, 1. Q. Philadelphia, 1848 ; Coeymans and New-Baltimore, 1848-51, Coxsackie, 1851-7, Totowa, 1st, 1857-60, Cor. Sec. Bd. For. Miss. 1880-5, New-Paltz, 1865—. D.D. by U.C. 1866. Pbppek, John P. Fort Plain, 1837-40, Warren, N.T., 1840-5, w. c— [Pernisius, Paul Peter, c. to America, 1784 ; Allen ; Lecha, and Moor town- ships, over the Lehigh, Pa., 1784^-91, susp.'l—Sariaugli.'s Lives, ii. 401. Perry, Wm. D., b. at Hunter, N.Y., 1844; Am. C. 1870, U.S. 1874, ord. CI. L.I. 1875 ; St. John's, Laurel Hill, L.I., 1875-6, w. c. Petrie, Jeremiah, Ilion, 1863-4, S.S. Dion and Herkimer, 1864-8. Pettingill, I. H., w. c. 1855-6.— /Se« Gen. Cat. U.S. 1876. Pfanstiehl, Alb. A. H.C., H.S. 1877. Pfister, J.P., w. c. 1854^6, Ellenville, 2d, 1856-63. Phelps, Philip. U.C. 1849, N.B.S. 1849 ; Greenburgh and Hastings-on-the- Hudson, 1850-51, Hastings-on-the-Hudscn, 1851-9, Prin. of Holland Academy, 1859-66, Prin. of Hope College, 1866-78. D.D. Piiblications : Inaug. Address as Pres. Hope Coll. 1866.— Baccalaureate Sermons at Hope Coll. 1866-78.— Editor of The Searelier, 1863.— Dordraoene Eef. Ch, in America. 1867. 36 402 THE MINISTET. Phillips, Wm. W. U.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 1817 ; (N.T.C., Pearl St., afterward Fiftli Av. and Eleventh St., 1817-65, d.) Phraner, Wm. H. N.Y.U. 1860, N.B.S. 1863, 1. N. CI. L.I. 1863 ; Cold Spring, 1863-6, East-Millstone, 1866-1870, Schenectady, 3d, 1870-4, w. e. PuUications : Article on Rutgers College, in Manual B.O. A. 1869. — Ex- penses and Income of Gen. Synod. 1857-68. Pierce, Nehemiah Pruden, b. Enfield, Ct., 1817 ; A.C. 1843, U.S. 1845; [Whippany, N.J., 1846-51 ;] Brooklyn, N.T., 1851-75, w. c. D.D. by R.C. 1871. Publications : Mental Freedom, Our Nation's Glory. 1853. Plancius, Petrus, 1631. Col. Hist. Jf. T. i. 37. . Pietees, Roeloff. N.B.S. 1861, Graafschap and Drenthe, 1861-5, Also, Wis., 1865-9, Holland, 1st, Mich., 1869— Pitcher, Chs. W. B.C. 1873, N.B.S. 1876. Pitcher, John H. U.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1830, Her- kimer and German Flats, 1831-3, Tyashoke and Easton, 1833-38, Tya- shoke, 1838-43, Jackson, 1844r-53, Claverack, Sd, 1853-61, Greenville, 1861-73, Westerlo, 1873-6, d. Jan. 11, 1879. Pitcher, Wm. W.C. 1833, P.S. 1835, lie. by Consociation of Litchfield 1836 ; Jackson, 1837-9, Boght, 1840-54, Branchville, 1854— Publications : Grace : a Series ot Disconrses, 1844-5. [Pithan, , Easton, Dryland, Blenfield, and Grinitsch, 1769-71, suspended,] — Harbaugh's Lives, ii. 389.] Pitts, Robt., b. near Montgomery, Orange Co., N.Y., 1813; R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, lie. CI. Orange, 1840; S.S. Walpack 1840-1, pastor, Ap. 1841-60, w. c. ; d. 1878, Nov. 16. The single charge in vfhich he served his Master was at that time quite .extensive. It embraced four preaching stations, viz., Bushkill and Wal- ijpack at the lower end, divided by the Delaware River, and Dingman's Ferry and Peters Valjey at the upper end, similarly divided. By the failure of ihis health, he was compelled to resign his laborious charge, and retire from lithe regular work of the ministry. He spent the remainder of his life at "^troudsburg, Pa. He was a good citizen and obliging neighbor, a stead- 'tfast friend, and a genial and pleasant companion. He was also a sound and ■orthodox divine, and an earnest and warm-hearted preacher. He was with- out ostentation, having a humble opinion of his own attainments. As life ■aSvaBced, there were evident indications of growth in grace, and increasing meetness for the inheritance of the saints. •PrcMLET, Gardner Spring, b. Washington, D.C., 1837; Y.C. 1850, U.S. 1855 ; ord. Nov. 11, 1855 ; [N.Y.C. 1855-7, Metuchen, 1858-75,] Miss, at ,111 Ji'iilton St., N.Y.C, 1875-6, Calvary Chapel, N.Y.C. 1877— THK MINISTRY. 403 POCKM.UT, Philetds Theodoke, b. at Greenbusb, N.T., 1853; E.G. 1875, N.B.S. 1878, lie. CI. Eensselaer; Fairfield, N.J., 1878— POHLE, K. A. J. [Qer. Evang. Lutheran Church of St. Peter's, Brooklyn,] 18. .-53, nowRCA. Brooklyn, E.D., 1853-08. Poblraan, Wm. J., b. in Albany, 1812 ; B.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. Albany, 1837 ; voyage to Singapore, May-Sept., 1838, Borneo, 1838-44, Amoy, June, 1844-9, d. Jan. 5. Up to the age of twelve he lived under the paternal roof, and was trained up under pious influences. Engaging in business, his religious impressions began to waver, not without occasional pungent convictions. At the death- bed of a beloved sister, dying in the triumphs of the faith, and appealing earnestly unto him, an impression was made which was never obliterated He became a devoted Christian at sixteen years of age. " Suddenly," ho says, " the most rapturous feelings of joy took possession of my mind. For a few moments I was in ecstasy. I could now say with an appropriating faith, Abba, Father. Oh, the splendor of that morning, the unutterable joys of that precious moment ! But it would require the tongue of an angel, the eloquence of a seraph, to describe all my feelings. Praise him, praise him for the wonders of his redeeming mercy !" In his Junior year in the Seminary, he resolved to go far hence to the Gentiles. He writes to the American Board : " Time has only served to strengthen the decision which was calmly and dispassionately made. After repeated reviews of the same, I am confirmed and settled. I can not now doubt for a moment ; mine was not a rash or hasty conclusion. If there are no contrary indications, I must go, I can not stay. Here then am I, take me. Receive me under your care as a candidate for the missionary service ; I wish to enlist for life. If in your view I can be of any service, I lay my all at your feet. Silver and gold have I none, but such as I have, give I thee. Send me abroad to publish glad tidings to the idol-serving nations. Send me to the most desert part of all the howling wildernesses of heathen- ism, to the most barbarous climes, or to more civilized regions. Send me to the millions of Pagans, to the followers of the false prophet, to the Jews or the Gentiles, to Catholics or Protestants. Send me, in fine, wherever God opens an effectual door. Send me, for necessity is laid upon me ; yea, woe is unto me, if I preach not the gospel to the perishing heathen." He was ordained in April, 1838, in the North Reformed Church of Albany, with which he had united ten years before. On the 20th of May he was solemnly set apart for the missionary service. He went forth strong in the consciousness of duty, and was followed by the prayers of multitudes. He married a sister of Dr. Scudder. A friend thus writes concerning him and his colleague. Brother Thompson, who sailed with him : " Both began their professional studies later than the average time, under change of lifeaims. In conscientious diligence and prayerful committal of their way and work to God, they were worthy yoke-fellows in the culture of the field he had bidden them to enter. In temperament and social bearings they differed widely. Thompson knowing 404 -THE MINISTEY. little of the clieerfiilnesa and snap of early manliood, ^vhile the spirits of Pohlman were exuberant. The one might have been grieved and paralyzed by persistent and shrewd assault from captious heathen or errorists, while the moral cuticle of the other was impervious to ridicule. " Had both studied Chinese and addressed the same assemblage, the abler man might have been disconcerted by a malicious witticism or a clever parody that burlesqued his reasoning or appeal — whereas the other would tide over the adverse laugh, as though it were vyil/i,, not at him, and go forward unabashed. And here let it be said, a kind Providence threw Thompson among those who listened respectfully or stated their infidel cavil in a covert artfulness that he was thoroughly competent to conquer. " Neither was eminently gifted for the utterance of a foreign language in every nicety, nor for ready mastery of its idiom ; but time- and patience were their servants in the name of Him who had covenanted to be with them always, and for usefulness they panted as the hart for the water-brook. "If four or five gambling-tables were occupied by noisy Chinese and a vacant one stood near, Pohlman could mount it and fulminate against their flagrant wrong-doing ; such an endeavor was not in Thompson's way. " The one communicated largely with friends at home by letter and jour- nal ; the other received but few letters, because he sent yet fewer. " The laugh of the one was an hourly practice, and reached the lungs^; when some imperious absurdity moved the other's risibles, the orgasm was frightful, and resulted in a larynx-mirth. " A decade of years covered the missionary life of both, during which much of toil, in preaching, teaching, translating, and travel, was gone through. Pohlman met an ocean burial, on the coast of the empire he had so yearned to reach. Thompson, essaying to place with her grandparents the infant child of his second marriage, fell on sleep in Switzerland, and his grave is in the shadow of the Alps." — W. H. S.' - He had taken his sister, for the benefit of her health, to Hong Kong, in Dec, 1848. The vessel iuwhicli he was returning to Amoy was shipwrecked and he was among the lost, the first instance of death by shipwreck of any of the missionaries of the American Board. His piety was a deep, control - ling principle. His prominent feature was perseverance. He was frank, open-hearted, wise in council, amiable in disposition, and cordial and firm in his friendships. — See Rogers' Hist., 1857. Fun. Ser. hy Br. D. Kennedy. Bpr ague's Annals. MaClinioek's Cyc. Piiblieations : Several articles in The Chinese Beposiiory. Polhemus, Abraham, b. at Astoria, 1812 ; R.C. 1831, N.B.S. 1835, 1. 01.; N.T. 1835 ; Hopewell, 1835-57, Newark, North, May-Oct. 1857, d. Elected a trustee R.C. 1851. D.D. by U.KT. 1856. He was a lineal descendant of Eev. J. T. Polhemus, who settled on Long Island in 1654. In college he was noted for his joyous temperament and his companionable qualities, and was a decided favorite. His ministry was spent in a single field, with the exception of a brief period in Newark. ^n5(jT,_.-H.33i'3»'- THE MIXISTEY. 405 Mutual affection, to an unusual degree, existed between him and liis flock. Several attempts to call hirci to other fields were in vain. At length he yielded to the pressing call of the new North Church of Newark. He was regarded as specially qualified to build up this church, but he had hardly entered on his duties when God called him to his reward. Seeking a little relaxation from his labors, he was taken ill at Newburgh, and after several weeks, there died. His spiritual exercises on his bed of sickness were delightful, and even peculiar. A few hours before he died, when the hand of death was evidently upou him, he exlaimed, " I see Jesus. Now that I have seen him, I never can come back again. I see Jesus. Did I not tell you that I should see Jesus ? My soul is ravished with the sight." Aftej; a while he added, " I have perfect assurance ; not a doubt nor a fear." His last ser- mon was on the death of Stephen, and the subject had made a deep impres- sion on his own heart. From the beginning of his sickness lie felt that he would never recover, though with occasional encouragements to the contrary, and he prayed that he might, like Stephen, see Jesus. He was a man whose unpretending dignity and genial manners could not fail to make- a favorable impression on all who were brought in contact with him. The casual acquaintaiice would have discovered no reason to modify his first estimate of his character, however intimate with him he might subsequently have become. The traits that first struck the stranger, win- ning his regard, were true characteristics of the man. Hence the strong personal attachment which he won for himself, not only from his own peo- ple, but from the whole commiinity. It would be almost impossible to over- estimate the extent of the attachment felt for-liim. His death was like a household afiiiction to all who intimately knew him. Each family of his first charge had some precious reminiscence of " the Domine." His urban- ity of manners exerted a most remarkable power, winning the affection and esteem of all classes of persons. Those in humble life spake with pride of his affability to them, and his interest in their affairs. While neither bashful nor timid, he was a man of unaffected modesty. He esteemed others better than himself ; yet when called to the performance of a public duty, he did not hesitate to go forward, when his ability ap- peared. His sound judgment, his energetic zeal, combined as they were with perfect frankness and cordial manners, eminently fitted him to take a large share in the business of the church. His sermons were marked by solid sense and sound divinity ; they were clear and concise in style, and scriptural in substance and in form, showing him to be a well-furnished workman. His acceptance of the call to Newark gave an unanticipated zest to that enterprise. Every thing flourished. There was no lack of means to build a magnificent church. The hall in which they worshiped was crowded. All loved him. He had found his way to the garret and to the cellar, and had spoken many an earnest word of Christ whose fruits appeared after his death. His people doted on him. But three short months terminated his labors among them. They heard of his sickness. They felt their weakness. But their prayers were not 406 THE MINISTEY. answered, at least in the way they desired. — Memorial contains Dr. D, Rid- dle's ser. at his install, at Newark, and fun. ser. by Dr. John Forsyth, PuUications : Address before Alumni E.G. 1853,— Twelve Sermons in Me- morial. Polhemus, ilenry, b. at Harliugen, 1773; C.N.J. 1794, studi'ed theology under Eomeyn, 1. CI. N.Y. 1798 ; Harlingen and Ne-Shanic, 1798-1809, English Neighborhood, 1809-13, Shawanguut, 1813-16, d. Elected a trustee Q.C. 1800. Polhemus, Johannes T., b. in Holland, 1598; Itamarcas, Brazil, 16. .-54 ; Midwout, Amersfort, 1654-76, also Brooklyn, 1656-60, and again, 1664-76, d. June 8. In 1654 the West-India Co. were obliged to evacuate Brazil, and leave it to the Portuguese. This compelled Polhemus to leave the country. He came to New-Netherland, while his wife went to Holland to try and secure the arrears due him from the Company. On Aug. 34, 1654, she besought the deputies of the Classis of Amsterdam to assist her. Rev. Mr. Langelius was appointed to this duty. In March, 1655, nothing had yet been accom- plished, but 300 florins had been loaned her. Mr. P. wrote to his wife that he was inclined to remain in New-Netherlaild, and the directors were asked to ratify the arrangement. In May, 1656, the Classis wrote that they were willing to consummate this arrangement, and would help his wife to go to Long Island. " She is a very worthy niatron, has great desire to be witli her husband, and has struggled along here in poverty and great straits, al- ways conducting herself modestly and piously." Up to 1654 the Dutch on Long Island had had no minister nor church, and were obliged to cross the East ]!liver to attend service. The evil became at length so great that Megapolensis and a committee organized a church at Midwout, (Flatbush,) on Feb. 9, 1654, and requested the Classis of Amster- dam to select a preacher. It was at this juncture, after this letter had been sent, that Polhemus arrived. He had stopped on his way hither, and organ- ized a Reformed church at New-Amstel, Delaware. He was the first to propose association of the American ministers and churches. As early asi 1663 he writes : " We stand in need of communication with one another in the form of a Classis, after the manner of the Fatherland. It is desirable that this be begun, although I do not know of much business to be transact- ed." He refers to this same matter at subsequent times. — Amst. Cor., many letters. Doc. Hist. iii. 10. Col. Hist. ii. 73. 0' Callaglian's New-Netli., ii. 373. BrodJiead's N. Y. vols. i. and ii. [Pomp, Nicholas, b. 1734 ; studied at University of Halle, came to America 1765 ; Falkner Swamp, 1765-83, Baltimore, 1783-9, Gosenhoppen, 1789- 90 ; Indianfield, Boehm's Ch., 1790-1800, died 1819.] Mr. Pomp was small in stature. His natural abilities were good, and well disciplined by education. His sermons evinced a high order of talent, were evangelical and catholic. He had a slight impediment in his speech, yet he was always acceptable. For the last twenty years of life, his infirmi- (^ ^^/.^jZ^T^rt/^ (yCrzJ^t-r- THE MINISTEY. 407 ties not allowing liim to take a charge, he lived with his son, Eev. Thomas Pomp, pastor at Easton, Pa. He still occasionally preached, and when, by a fall from his horse, he was incapacitated from riding either on horseback or in a carriage, so fond were the people of hearing him, that he was several times carried on n. litter a dozen iniles, that they might hear the gospel from his lips. — Harbaugh's Lives. Pool, Chas. Hubbard, h. on L. I., 1840; E.G. 1863, N.B.S. 1866, 1. S. CI. L.I. ; Bedminster, 1866-75, Raritan, 3d, 1875— Pool, Geo. H. Jersey City Hights, 18. .-. . PoKTER, Elbert Stothoff, (son-in-law of P. S. Wynkoop;) C.N.J. 1839, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. N.B. 1843, Miss, to Chatham, 1843-3, Chatham, 1843-9, Williamsburgh, 1849 — ; also editor of Christian Intelligencer, 1853-1868. D.D. byRC. 1857. Publications : " Tlie Resurrection," Fun. Ser. on Death of Mrs. B. Van Buren. 1845. — Perils and Securities of Our Country. 1850. — Domestic Mis- sions : a Ser. before Gen. Synod. 1851. — Gladness in the Sanctuary : a Ser. at Reopening of Cli. Williamsburgh. 1855. — Address at Boston in behalf of Am. Tract Soc. 1860. — Language of Affliction : Ser. on Death of Adallne Rider. 1804.— Ser. on Death of Pres. Lincoln. 1865.— The R.D.C. in Wil- liamsburgh : a Hist. Discourse. 1866. — Hist. Doctrine and Spirit of R.D.C. _ Bi6. Sn^i., Ap. 1866. — A Pastor's Hints to his People. — A Commem. Disc, on the Life, Character and Services of Rev. Dr. I. N. WyckofiE. 1869.— Ser- mons in Nat. Preaclier, ou Advantages of Deuominationalism, The New Heavens and the New Earth, and The Temple Transfigured. — Address at Fun. of Rev. Edward Holmes.— The Literature of Eef. Ch., 1776-1876. In Centennial Discourses. — Editorials in Gh. Intelligencer, 1853-68. Porter, Reuben, w. c. 1840-55. Powell, Henry Alansou, b. Chatham, N.Y., 1851; TJ.C. 1873, U.S. 1876; Bush wick, L.L, 1876— Proudfit, Alex. R.C. 1858, N.B.S. and P.S. 1861; ord. Evang. by }st Presbyt. N.T. 1863 ; chaplain U.S.A. 1863, Clayton, N.J., 1866— Proudfit, John Williams, (son of Rev. John Proudfit, of Assoc. Ref. Ch., Salem, N.Y., 1795-1835,) b. in Salem, Sept. 23, 1803 ; U.C. 1833, P.S. 1834 ; ord. 1835 ; [Newburyport, Mass., 1837-33, Prof, of Latin Lau. and Lit., U.N.Y. 1833-41 ;] Prof, of Latin and Greek Langs, and Lit. in R.C. 1840-5, Prof, of Greek Lang, and Lit. in R.C. 1845-59, w. c. 1859-64, [Presbyt.] Died Mar. 9, 1870. D.D. by U.C. 1841. His father. Rev. Alex. Proudfit, D.D., was a man of eminent piety, a ripe scholar, and one of the most distinguished ministers in Northern New- York For forty years he was the pastor of the Associate Reformed Church in that village, one of the most prominent and influential societies in the denomi- nation. The subject of this sketch received most excellent home training, and he enjoyed every advantage that could be afforded to a young man on 408 THE MINISTET. his entrance into life. He pursued liis literary course at Union College, graduating from tliat institution -with honor in 1831. One of his classmates represents him to have been a diligent student, very far in advance of many of his associates, and especially developing a proficiency in the languages which was quite remarkable. Dr. Nott, the president of the college, regarded him as one of the best of his students, and saw in him signs of future prominence. His theological education was obtained at Princeton. And here also he took a very high stand among his fellow- students as a man, a scholar, and a Christian. Few were esteemed more highly, or made a better use of their opportunities than he did. He was regarded as a thoughtful, conscientious, and earnest man, devoting himself with singular fidelity to the work before him. He was a man of faith and of prayer, and even at that early period of life he was full of good works. As a scholar he stood among the best in his class. Study was a joy to him- The Greek and Latin languages became almost as familiar to him as the English itself. He read much, and thought deeply. He was not superficial, but went to the root of things, and understood what he read. In his daily reading of the Scriptures he preferred the original languages, and his trans- lation was easy, rapid, and accurate. And this was a habit that he kept up through life. His only settlement in the ministry was at Newburyport, Mass., in the Federal Street Church, the leading society of the city. He displayed during his short residence among that people rare traits of excellence as a minister of the gospel, and as the pastor of a congregation. He prepared his sermons with great care, and presented the truths of Scripture in such an orderly way as to attract the attention of thoughtful hearers. As a pastor he was very successful, going among his people as a sou of consolation ; and towards young men especially he was warm-hearted and affectionate, giving to them excellent counsels, and stimulating them to aim at a high standard in some honorable calling. He continued in this field about six years, labor- ing with some disadvantages arising from impaired health, and from the rigor of the climate, compelling him to cease from his work for a consider- able period, and seek rest in foreign travel. Yet he was remarkably success- ful. The church continued united during his ministry and was prospered. The large number of three hundred and forty were received into the church during his pastorate, a proof of his ministerial fidelity and usefulness, as well as of God's blessing upon his labors. The principal part of his life was occupied in the work of teaching, first as Professor of the Languages in the University of New- York during the presidency of his fellow-townsman. Dr. Mathews, and subsequently in Rutgers College. He was in New- York seven years, and in New-Brunswick twenty-one years. This latter period was the most useful portion of his life. He was associated with most valuable and learned men in the faculty, and was esteemed by them as a man of culture, a laborious student himself, and in his own department a very admirable teacher. He gathered around him a large and valuable library, and among his books he was always at home. He secured the confidence of the students, and manifested a very THE MINISTRY. 409 warm solicitude for tlieir welfare. The college was tlien under tlie cliarge of Dr. Hasbrouck, whose government was firm but mild, and in Dr. Proudfit ]ie found a very cordial and intelligent supporter. While in New-Bruns- wick he wrote much for the press, and always contributed articles of ster ling value. The BiUiotheca Sacra, the Princeton JReview, as well as the daily press, were enriched by his well-prepared and finely written papers. For one year he conducted the New-BrunswicTc Review, displaying consider- able ability as an editor, and enriching its pages with several valuable con- tributions. He did not neglect the cause of the Master while occupied with his literary labors. He preached frequently, attended prayer-meetings with regularity, instituted stated religious worship at the jail, carried on mis- sionary work on the canal, and went among the sick and afflicted with mes- sages of consolation. After leaving the college he employed himself in various useful ways. At the outbreak of the recent war he became deeply interested. He attended public meetings and addressed vast assemblies. He preached a most power- ful sermon, which was published and widely circulated. He went to\ the camp and labored among the soldiers, and to the hospitals and aided the sickand wounded. In the darkest day he encouraged hope and never for a moment doubted the triumph of the good cause. Dr. Proudfit was a tall man and well proportioned. He was very grave in his appearance, and while his countenance did not exhibit austerity, it did display an unusually thoughtful mind. As a preacher he was not what might be called popular. His voice, although distinct, was rather feeble, and his delivery by no means distinguished for animation or vivacity. He, gestured but little, and even then not in a very forcible way. But his matter was of a' very superior quality. He chose such topics as were adapted to his cast of mind ; and from his rich treasures of knowledge he brought forth truths, and arranged them in such a garb as would alvpays attract attention. His sermons to the graduating class were always timely judicious, and most valuable in their counsels. Some are still remembered with interest by his students, and the few that are published are excellent specimens of his skill as a preacher to young men. We may instance his sermon on " The Choice of a Profession," and also on " The Nature of True Greatness." The doctor had traveled much abroad, and he carried on an extensive correspondence with distinguished men in Europe. And he did much in his labors among the churches in his own country to stir up an interest on behalf of the evangelical work that was going on in Europe. — Bev. Br. R. H. Steele. See Princeton Rev. xv. 312. Index to Prin. Rev. 375. Publications: Choice of a, Profession: Baccalaureate Sermon, E.G. 1841. —The Captives. A Comedy of Plautus, with Eng. Notes. 1843.— Ee- marks on Hist., Structure, and Theories of the Apostles' Creed. 1853. (See Princeton Rev. 1853.)— Editor of Mw-Brunswick Rev., 1855.— The Sanc- tuary of God consulted in the Present Crisis. 1861.— Man's Two-fold Life included in the Promise of Godliness : A Disc, at the Install, of Eev. Wm. Irwin at Eondout. 1863.— Address at the Fun. of Theodore Strong, LL.D. 410 TUB MINISTKY. 1869. — Art. in Spragne'a Annals on Dr. J. S. Cannon. — Arts, in Princeton Bev. on Inspiration and Catholicism. 1851. — The Heidelberg Catechism and Dr. Nevin. 1853. — The Apostles' Creed. 1853.— Review of Voelcker and others on Homeric Ideas of the Soul and a Future State. (Bib. Sac. xv. 753.) — Other articles In Bibliotlieca Sacra, Independent, Evening Post, Ledger, etc. Proudflt, Robt. Ralston. R.C. 1854, N.B.S. and P.S. 1861 ; ord. Evang. 1861 ; chaplain U.S.A. 1861-. ., Weehawken, N.J., 18. .— QuACKENBUSH, DANIEL McL. C.C. 1836, N.B. S. 1839, 1. Assoc. Presbyt. N. Y. 1839 ; (Hebron Assoc. Presb. 1841-7,) Wawarsing, 1849-51, Fishkill Land- ing, 1851-5, missionary pastor in chapel of the Ch. of Brooklyn Heights, 1855-9, Hastings, 1859-60, Prospect Hill, N.Y.C., 1860— D.D. Quaw, Jas. E. N.B.S. 1828, Miss, at Tyashoke, 1828-9; at Lysander, 1839- 30, Dashville Falls, 1831-4, Breakabin, Cobleskill, and Schoharie Mt., 1834^6, w. i;. 1836-45, lost on Lake Erie. Publications : The Immerser Instructed. 1844. — The Cold Water Man. Quick, Ab. Messleb. R.C. 1860, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. N.B. 1864; Port Jackson, 1865-9, Franklin, 1869— Quick, John J. N.B.S. 1839,1. CI. Philadelphia, 1839; Jackson, 1840-3, Fairfield, 1845-9, Wynantskill, 1849-54, Currytown, 1855-6, Mapletowu and Currytown, 1856-61, Mapletown, 1861-2, w. c. 1863-7, S.S. Port Her- kimer, 1867-8, w. c— Quick, Peter J., b.Mar 6, 1806 ; R.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1836,1. CI. Philadelphia, 1836 ; Clarkstown, Ap. 1st, 1837-66, Rector of Hertzog Hall, Oct. 18, 1869-74, July 1 ; librarian of Sage Library, July 1, 1874r— Quinn, Robt. A., b. 1803; N.B.S. 1833, 1. CI. N.B. 1833; Caughnawaga, 1833-5, Oyster Bay, 1835-41, Manayunk, 1842-7, Stone House Plains, 1847-9, Chaplain at Sailors' Snug Harbor, 1853-3, d. After performing his duties as chaplain, on Jan. 31, at Sailors' Sntg Harbor, he was deliberately shot through the heart by Herman Ingalls, an old sailor, who, it is said, had revealed his past life crimes to his chaplain, and now feared exposure. Ingalls then immediately shot himself. He was much given to muttering and solitary walking, and his companions thought he had been a pirate and was troubled with remorse. Mr. Quinn had been chaplain of the institution for eleven years. Rand, Wm. Wilberfoecb, b. at Goshen, Maine, Dec. 8, 1816 ; Bowdoin Col. 1837, Bangor Sem. 1840 ; lie. Waldo Cong. Assoc. Jan. 14, 1840, ord. by CI. Cayuga, Sept. 1, 1841; Canastota, 1841-4, Ed. and Pub. Sec. N.T. Tract Soc. 1841— Randall, Pbteu G. R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. N.Y. 1841. Handles, Wm. N., b. at West Hebron, N.Y., Ma:r. 14, 1837; U.C. 1859, United Presb. Sem., Xenia, C, 1863, lie. (U.P.) Presb. Arygle, May 10, 1863 ; ord. THE 3IIN1STET. 411 (U.P.) Piesbyt. Albany, May 4, 18C4; [West-Charlton, N.Y., (U.P.) 1864^72 ;] Glenville, 1873— Rapaljk, Daniel. E.G. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. S. Ca. L.I. 1858;. voyage to China, Oct. 1858-Marcli, 1859, Amoy, 1859-66, voyage to America, June- Nov. 1866 ; ia America, 1866-9 ; voyage to Cbina, Jan. 9-Marcli, 1809, Amoy, 1869-76, voyage to America, May-July, 1876, in America, 1876-8, voyage to Cliina, Oct. 1-Nov. 3, 1878, Amoy, 1878— [Eauch, Christian Henry, Miss, to Indians on the borders of New-York and Connecticut ; — at Shekomeko, an Indian village in the Stissick Mountain, 1740-5, Miss, among the Germans in Lancaster, Berks, and Lebanon Cos. , 1745-9, Litiz, (Warwick,) Pa., 1749-53, became a Moravian, Salem, N.C.] Came to America before 1740, and was commissioned by the brethren in Nazareth, in that year, to visit the Indians. Heckwelder's narrative says : " With these instructions," (not to interfere with any other laborers, but if any were prepared to receive the grace of God, to preach the gospel to such,) " the missionary. Christian Henry Ranch, a very amiable and pious man, set out, otherwise knowing nothing of the people to whom he was to preach the gospel, nor even where to find them, being an utter stranger in the land ; but being assured of his call, he placed full confidence in God that he would assist him and lead him to those brethren to whom he was sent." Discouragements were thrown in his way in New-Tork, by representa- tions of the debaucheries of the Indians, yet meeting with some of them when sober, from the locality to which he was going, he found them trac- table, and secured an invitation from them to visit their tribe. In the course of a year or a little more he had about thirty converts. But the whites, who were accustomed to make gain from the ignorance and love of drink of the Indians, bitterly opposed the missionary. All sorts of slanders were invented, until, in 1745, he was compelled to leave the field ! He belonged to the union movement of the day, and became a laborious missionary in Pennsylvania among the scattered Germans. — Hariaugh's Lives. Smith's and Glioul^s Hist. Miss. i. 83. His life has also been published. Kawls, John. N.B.S. 1819, 1. CI. N.B. 1819; Columbia, 1830-33, w. c. 1833-6, suspended. Raymond, And. "Van Vkanken, (s. of. H. A. Raymond,) b. 1854, at Viss- cher's Ferry, N.T. ; TJ.C. 1875, N.B.S. 1878, lie. CI. Schenectady ; Totowa 1st, (Paterson,) 1878— Raymond, Henry A., b. at Patterson, Putnam Co., N.T., July 10, 1804; T.C. 1825, N.B.S. 1838, lie. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1838, Sharon, Lawyersville, and Cobleskill, 1839-33, Fairfield, 1833-5, Niskayuna, 1836-50, Owasco, 1851- 3, Amity, 1853-6, Lawyersville and Sharon, 1856-64, Boght and Rensse- laer, 1864-71. Died July 18, 1877. ' Wliile in college, he was converted, and was led to consecrate his life to the Lord Jesus, under the ministrations of Rev. Dr. Nettleton. For more 412 THE MINISTRY. than forty years he labored in the ministry. Each of his charges was wide- spread and populous, and he was a most faithful and indefatigable pastor. Not only did he conscientiously bring beaten oil into the sanctuary on the Sabbath, but in lectures and prayer-meetings in the several neighborhoods of his charges he was in labors very abundant. No case of sickness, or bereavement, or spiritul need of pastoral counsel was neglected or put off to suit his convenience. Besides such special cases, he gave his people con- stant care. He was familiar in their houses, intimate in their families, and very near to their hearts. For this pastoral care Mr. Raymond had peculiar qualifications. Of a buoy- ant, cheerful, almost jovial disposition, he at the same time had a very ten- der heart of sympathy, very quick to be moved in re.'iponse to the trials and sufferings of others. There was nothing constrained, and nothing oflacial, when he rejoiced with them that rejoiced, and wept with them that wept. He was always one with his people and one of them, and no one could long hesitate to confide in him as a father, or a brother. Moreover, he was wise in spiritual counsel and in the management of individuals and of churches. He was in his choicest element in seasons of revival, and found his highest delight in the reception of young converts, and in their training in Christian work. His ministry was blessed with repeated outpourings of the Holy Spirit, and the young men whom he welcomed into the communion of the church were so instructed and brought out that they are neither ashamed of the gospel of Christ, nor afraid to work for the kingdom, and for souls. His last years, when he was laid aside by the growing infirmities of age, were by no means lost years. As long as he was able to do so, it was his delight to minister to feeble churches and to assist his brethren. At last, infirm and blind, he reverently stood still to see the salvation of God, with a cheery rejoicing in all the prosperity of Zion, and a calm, confident, child- like trust for himself in the grace of his Saviour. And so he went homo. — (JRev. Dr. J. A. De Baun.) Redbrus, Fhancis C, b. in Neths.; a member of the Church of the Sepa- rated, (Anti-State ;) c. to America, 1874 ; [Paterson, Ind. Hoi. 1875 ;] Pas- saic, [HoI.) 1875-6, Pella, {Hoi.) 1876— Kedehtts, Sipko. N.B.S. 1877. Reed, Edwakd Arnold, b. at Lansingburgh, N.Y. ; Aub. Som. ; [Spring- field, Mass., 1st Cong. 18. .-78 ;] N.Y.C., Madison Av., 1878— Reed, Hollis, b. in Vermont ; W.C. 1826, P.S. 1828; [Miss, at Bombay, Baylon, N.Y., Derby, Ct., Craueville, N.J. ;] entered E.D.C. 1853, w. c. 1853-5. Reichert, J. F. Forreston, 111., 1871-2. [Reid, Samuel H. Race St. G.R., Philadelphia, 175.] Eeidenbaoh, J. A. Ger. Evang., Brooklyn, E.D., 1865-6. ' THE MINISTBY. 413 [Reiger, Jolin Bartliolomaus, b. 1707, on the Rhine ; studied in Basle and Heidelberg, came to America, 1731 ; supplied Lancaster, Pa., 1736-46, supplied Shaefferstown and Zeltenrich, (now New-Holland,) 1740-. ., d. 1769.] — Amst. Cor., Harbaugh's Lives. Eeixet, DeWittTen Buoeck, (s. of Wm. Keiley;) B.C. 1857, lie. CI. N.B. 1866 ; Prof. Latin Lang, and Lit. in Eutgers College, 1861 — , also Hector of Grammar School, 1868-74; again, 1876— Publications: Elementary Instruction in Latin. Ediicational Montldy. 1875. Eeilet, Wu., b. at Durham, Bucks Co., Pa., 1810 ; E.G. 1833, X.B.S. 1836, lie. CI. N.B. ; Hurley, 1836-9, Middletown, A'.J., 1839— D.D. by E.G. 1857. Eenskers, Gerrit Jan, from Presbyt. of Michigan ; Clymer, 1868 — Eenslaer, see Van Rensselaer. Ehinebart, J. Kelly, b. Bruynswick, N.T., 1830 ; E.G. 1859, N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Orange ; Eoxbury, 1863-73, Princetown, N.T., 1873— ElCE, G. D. T.C., 1. by Hampden Assoc., Mass., 1839 ; (Granby, Ct., 1839-43, East-Douglass, Mass., 1843-53, Poughkeepsie, 1854-60, all Gong.,) 1860, in Ref. Ch. ; Prin. of Colleg. Instit. for Toung Ladies, Poughkeepsie, 1800 — Eice, Henry L. P.S. 1831, Spottswood, 1835-33, [Chambersburgh (G.E.) 1834-7, d.] Eicke, Herman. Hackensack, (Ger.,) 1874-7. Eicketts, J. H. S.S. Princetown, 1863-5, w. c. 1867. Eiddlo, David H. J.C. 1833, P.S. 1838, 1. Presbyt. of Winchester, 1828, [Winchester, 1839-33, Pittsburgh, 3d, 1833-57,] Jersey City, 1st, 1857-63, [Pres. of Jefferson Coll. 1863-6, Prof, of Moral Philosophy in Washing- ton and Jefferson Coll. 1866-8, Martinsburgh, Va., 1868.] LL.D. by E.G. 1863. Publications : The Pilgrims and their Principles. 1850. — Our Country, for the Sake of the World. 1851. — Ground of Confidence in Foreign Missions. 1851. Before Am. Bd.— Ser. at Installation of Eev. Dr. Ab. Polhemus. 1857. — Such a Time as This. Thanksgiving Sermon. 1859. Eiddle, Matthew B., (a. of David H. Riddle,) J.C. 1852, Alleghany S. and N.B.S. 1859, 1. Gl. Bergen, 1859 ; Heidelberg University, (Europe,) 1860-1, Chaplain in the army, 1861, Hoboken, 1861-5, Newark, 3d, 1865-9, in Ger- many, 1869-71, Prof, in Hartford Theological Seminary, 1871—. In 1878 dismissed from CI. Newark to Hartford South Assoc. Gong. Ch. Publications : Editor and Annotator of Hurst's Translation of Lange's and Fay's Exp. of Epist. to Romans. 1869. {Lange's Com.) — Ed. Annot. of Starbuck's Trans, of SclimoUer's Exp. of Epist. to Galatians. 1870. (Lange's Com.) — Translation, with Additions, of Braun's Exp. of Epist. to Ephesians- 414 THE MINISTKT. 1870. {Lange's <7ot!i.)— Translation, witli Additions, of Braun's Exp. of Epist. to Colossians. 1870. {Lange's Com.) Riedel, P. W. A. N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. N.T. 1858; S.S. Jeffersoliville, 1858- 61, also at Thumansville, 1860-1 ; became a Roman Catholic ; returned 1867. Became Ger. Ref . [New-Albany, 1867.] Ribs, Geo. Adam, R.C. 1873, N.B.S. 1875, lie. CI ; Lawyersville, 1875-8. [Riess, Jacob, New-Gosenlioppen, 1763—. . Harbaugh's Lives, ii. 386.] Riggs, Alex. B. Fort Plain, 1870-6. Riley, Isaac, (s. of Rev. H. A. Riley, of Montrose, Pa., and son-in-law of Rev. Joel Parker, of Newark,) b. in N.Y.C. Feb. 2, 1835 ; T.C. 1858, U.S. 1861, lie. Presbyt. 18. . ; [Wilmington, Del., 1861-4, Potts- ville. Pa., 1864^6, Newark, N.J., 1866-8, all Presbyt.] ; N.Y.C, 34tli Street, 1868-75, (Buffalo, Westminster Ch., 1875-8,) d. He was a man of very decided ability, and in liim were united mental qualities very rarely combined in the same individual. The reasoning faculty was strong, and so was the imagination ; he was exact and mather matical, and at the same time poetical and rhetorical. All the varied powers of his disciplined intellect, as well as the power of a strong emotional nature, were imbued with divine love, so that the whole man was conse- crated to his life's work. His pen was active. He spoke fluently and wrote carefully. His best work he gave to his people and the public. He was a loving pastor, looking after the aged, the infirm, and the poor, diligent in the Master's service, and beloved by Christians of all names for his catholic spirit and contributions of time and effort to every good cause. Publications: Jubilee of 34th St. Ch., N.Y.C. 1873. Ritzema, Johannes, b. 1710 ; New- York, 1744-84, (absent from city during Revolution,) Kinderhook, 1778-88. Also frequently officiated at Harlem, Philipsburgh, Fordham, and Cortlandt. One of the original trustees of King's (Columbia) College, 1754. He arrived in New- York pending the negotiations for a Coetus. The Classis of Amsterdam wrote to the church of New- York a very flattering testimo- nial concerning him. He was a prominent member in all the meetings of the Coetus, and felt the incapacity of that body as much as any one, (1748- 53.) In September, 1758, it was proposed to make an effort to put the Coetus on a better fooling, and to supply all deficiencies in its constitution. The next regular meeting (September, 1754,) was appointed for the handling of this matter, prior to all other questions, and all the brethren were requested to be present. But during this interim the plans of the Episcopalians for a college, to be under their control, but supported by general taxation, reached their con- summation. The Hon. Wm. Livingston had for several years fought these plans through the press, and had been sustained by all the citizens except the Episcopalians. He showed that an English Church Establishment was THE MINISTEY. 413 lurking under tlie sclieme, and tliat it was eminently unjust to charter a college to be supported by all the people, but wliicU would be controlled by a single sect. The Dutch were a majority in the Provincial Assembly, and the charter could not be passed without their help. They were therefore reminded that they were not dissenters, but came from a State Church, and they alone of all un-Episcopal bodies were able to obtain church char- ters. The Ministry Act of 1693 did not formally establish the Episcopal Church as such, and by name, but only provided for the settling of a minis- try by law. It was indeed explained by a subsequent Assembly that these ministers need not necessarily be Episcopalians. The Dutch Church was also sometimes called the Established Church. Now it was suggested that if the Dutch helped to pass the charter for King's College, they might have a Professorship of Divinity in the said college, and educate their ministers there, without the trouble, expense, and delay of sending them to Holland. The plan seemed eminently desirable in certain aspects. In the summer of 1754, Wm. Livingston complains that the Dutch had deserted him in his protests against such a college. In September, 1754, the Coetus met according to appointment to discuss the propriety of establishing an American Classis for the Dutch churches. Ritzema was president. The plan of a Classis, as proposed and discussed, was unanimously approved. The old Coetus was a useless body ; it had no foundation in the church-order ; it could pass no final sentence ; it could not of itself ordain. The proposition for a Classis was sent to the respective churches for their decision, being signed by Kitzema and Verbryck as offi- cers. They and two others were also appointed a committee to meet on the 1st of April, 1753, to canvass the votes of the churches npon this matter. When the proposition was brought before the church of New-York, (Oct. 1, 1754,) the Consistory declared that if a Coetus were useless, they be- lieved a Classis would be still more so, and they would abide under the old condition, subordination to the Classis of Amsterdam. They released De Konde from his obligations to the Coetus as stipulated in his call, and Ritzema and Do Konde, with two elders, were to write to the Classis of Amsterdam concerning the position of the Nesv-Tork Consistory in this matter. The same committee were " to present a petition to the Assembly, requesting liberty to have a Professor of Divinity for the Low Dutch Church,"! n con- nection with the new college. On Oct. 17, this committee wrote to Holland, expatiating on the uselessness of the Coetus, the necessity of a learned min- istry, that American-made ministers would bring about a total separation of the Church from Holland, that partisanship ruled the Coetus ; and hence they renewed their old relations to the Classis, and hoped that the request of the Coetus for a Classis would not prosper. But they do not mention in this letter their own petition, two weeks before, for a professorship in King's College ! On Oct. 24, their petition to the Assembly was considered and received with apparent favor. But in the charter, signed Oct. 31, the Dutch professorship does not appear ! Wm. Livingston had warned them " that all their pre- tenses to sisterhood and identity were fallacious and hypocritical." It was 416 THE MINISTRY. because of tliese circumstances tliat Theodore Frelingbuysen, of Albany, took the course wliicli be did. (FKELiNGHnYSKir, Theodore.) But the prob- ability that the Dutch would secure a college of their ovth, to the ruin of King's College, led Eitzema, on his own responsibility, to make another at- tempt, and also prompted the Episcopalians eagerly to grant his request for this professorship. May 7, 1755. But the mass of the people were now dis- gusted at the duplicity which had been manifested, and Ritzema's own con- sistory severely censured him for his unauthorized conduct. The j)rofessor- ship was gained indeed by an amendment to the college charter, but an in- dignant people would have nothing more to do with it. No minister of the Dutch Church graduated from King's College until after the Eevolution — a generation later. (Bassbtt.) Bitzema and his friends were now left in an awkward predicament. They had seceded from the Coetus, and their final success concerning the profes- sorship in King's College was a useless victory. The peculiar circumstances also, perhaps, drove the Coetus to some rash actions, but for the division of the Church, and the tedious Coetus and Conferentie strife, (1755-71,) Eitzema was declared responsible. {Centennial Bise. p. 78.) The Coetus now re- solved itself into a Classis, (1755,) and assumed all powers belonging there- to. Eitzema and a few others wrote letters annually to Holland as a Confe- rentie, (or an unorganized band of conferring ministers,) and in 1764, after two unsuccessful attempts of the American Classis to bring them into their body, these conferring ministers organized themselves into an Assembly subordinate to the Classis. They claimed to be the original Coetus. They had the Minute-Book of the Coetus, and recorded their own letters and acts therein. A pamphlet controversy sprung up between Eev. John Leydt and Eitzema upon the questions at issue. (Letdt, John.) Until 1764, no elders had attended the meetings of the conferring ministers, (the Conferentie.) In that year, anticipating the failure of the second effort for union, Eitzema had requested his consistory to appoint elders as delegates, but they utterly refused, and Laidlie also refused to join the new Assembly. Eitzema complained of this not a little. Meyer's independent position at Kingston was also very disagreeable to him, and he was largely instrumental in securing his expulsion from his pulpit. Eitzema was not present at the original meeting for union in October, 1771, but his name stands first on the list of those who signed the Articles of Union, (after their ratification by the Classis of Amsterdam,) in June, 1773. After this he worked cordially in the Synod with Leydt, Meyer, and other former opponents. — Amsterdam Cor., very many letters. Minutes of S.D.O. If. Y. 1744^84. Moore's Hist, of ColumUa College, p. 25. Gunn's Livingston. Sedgevdck's Life of Eon. Wm. Limngston. Centennial Discourses, pp. 62- \0\.— Minutes of Coetus and Conf. and of the early Synod. Oenealog. and Biog. Sec. ix. 101, 103. PvMicaiions : " Ware Vryheyt tot Vrede" beantwoort, ofte kortbondige wederleggig van het boekje van Do. Johannes Leydt waarin klaarlyk word aangewezen dat vrede zonder waarheyt niet mag gezogt worden. Zynde die Vergadering waarvoor zyn E. oykomt nog Coetus nog geauthorizeerd omte , THE MINISTKY. 41 7 esamineren nog promoveren. Door liefheljbers van Waar heiden Vrede. Kiew-York, 1761. Or, Reply to " True Liberty the Way to Peace," or A Short Kefutation of the little book of Be v. John Leydt, whereii is plainly shown that peace destitute of truth may not be sought, inasmuch as the assembly which his Reverence advocates is not a Coetus, and has no author- ity to conduct examinations. By lovers of truth and peace. New-York. Printed by H. Gaine. 1761. — Aan den Eerwarden Do. Johannes Leydt. Philadelphia, 1763 . Or, To the Rev. John Leydt, Minister at New-Brunswick. 13mo, pp. 38. Phil., 1763. This was Bitzema's rejoinder to Leydt's second pamphlet of 1762. — Extract nit de Handelingen van het Hoog Eerwaarde Christelyke Synode, van Noord-Holland, gehouden te Edam, van den 26th July tot den 4 Augustus, 1763. Met een nodige voor afspraah aan de neder- duitse Gemeentens in de provincien van Mew- York en Niew-Jersey, door Jo- hannes Ritzema. New-York, 1765. Or, Extract from the Acts of the Rev. Christian Synod of North-Holland, held at Edam, July 26-Aug. 4, 1763, with a necessary introduction to the Dutch churches of N.Y. and N.J., by John Ritzema. 12mo, pp. 16. N.Y., 1765. We append here the title of the letter of the Classis of Amsterdam, which is in harmony with the three pamphlets of Ritzema, and against those of Leydt. Brief van de Wel-Eerwaarde Classis van Amsterdam, aaue de E. Heeren, predikanten en ouderlingen in de provincien van Niew-York en Niew-Jersie, die zich Coetug noemen. N.Y., 1765. Or, Letter from the Rev. Classis of Amsterdam to the Rev. Ministers and Elders in the Provinces of New- York and New-Jersey, who call themselves the Coetus. 12mo, pp. 15. N.Y., 1765. — Answer to the.Remonstrance of Abel Hardenbrook and others against preaching in English in the R.D.C. in N.Y. Doe. Hist. N.T. iii. 310-314. Sept. 23, 1767. — A Sermon preached at Collum, Feb., 1741, and in New- York, Jan. 15, 1755. (MSS. in State Library, Albany.) — Many Letters in the Amsterdam Correspondence. Robb, John. North-Hempstead. 1885-7, w. c. 1837-45, S.S. at TJnionville, 1839. Bobbins, S., died 1830. Robertson, Noel. C.C. 1828, P.S. 1826 ; Wilmington, N.C., 1836-8, Miss, to Manayunk, 1828, d. This amiable young minister was suddenly stricken down, while in the employ of the Missionary Society of the R.D. Church. He would shortly have been installed at Manayunk. He was descended from a family of eminent piety. His discourses were more plain than energetic and showy, yet well furnished. There was a soft and touching tenderness and deep affection in them, rather than force and eloquence or power. He was noted for his systematic habits ; modesty, afEection, frankness, and unaffected piety were some of the elements of his character. He was stricken down by the epidemic fever then prevailing, and which quickly ended his life. — .iJ.i).C. iii. 821. 27 418 THE MINISTEY. Robertson, Samuel. W.C. 1813, P.S. 1815, (Huntington, N.J , Dryden, N.Y.,...., Stillwater, N.Y.— ) Canajoliarie, 1837-8, Schoharie, 1839-43, Westerlo, 1843-8, Presbyt. in Wisconsin. Rockwell, Charles. Y.C. 1826, A.S. 1834, 1. by Andover Assoc. 1834; (Chatham, Mass., 1839-45, Pelham, N.H., 1854-5,) Kiskatom, 1860-C, Assoc. Bef. Publications: Add. before Greene Co., N.Y., Agricultural Soc. 1864. — Add. before Bible Soc. 1865. Rockwell, GEO.,b. Lewisboro', N.Y., 1821 ; N.B.S. 1851,1. CI. Westches- ter, 1851 ; Waterloo, 1851^, Thousand Isles, 1854-77, Jan. 1 ; w. c. D.D. by R.C. 1851. PuUications : "Bbenezer."' A Hist. Disc, of the Church of the Thousand Isles. — Twenty Years' Ministry. 8vo, pp. 37. Watertown, 1874. — The Catskill Mountains and the Regions around ; Their Scenery, Legends, and History ;' with Sketches in Prose and Verse by Cooper, Irving, Bryant, Cole, etc. 13mo, pp. 35. 1867. — Foreign Travel and Life at Sea. Rodenberg, F. W. Hartsburg, 1877— Roe, Sandfoed W., b. in Brooklyn, N.Y.; U.N.Y. 1847, U.S. 1851, 1. 4th Presbyt. N.Y. 1851 ; [Cairo, 1853-00, Jamestown, 1860-6,] Germautown, N.Y., 1866-8; Brookfield, 1868-71, Jan. ; Middleburgh, 1871-6; Lebanon, 1876. Rogers, Ebenezbb, P. Y. C. 1837, P.S. 1840, lie. S. Assoc. Litchfield, Ct., 1840; [Chicopee Falls, Mass., Cong. 1840-3, Northampton, 1843-7, Augusta, Ga., Presbyt. 1847-53, Philadelphia, 1853-6;] Albany, 1856-62; New- York, South, (5th Av. and 31st St.,) 1863. Elected a trustee R.C. 1858. D.D. PuUications : The Obligations of the Female Sex to Christianity. 1849. — The Doct. of Election, stated in three Discourses. 1850. — Earnest Words to Young Men ; in a series of Discourses. 1851. — The Precious Things of Peter. —A Pious Mother. 1853.— Hist. Disc. R.D.C. Albany. 1857.— The Sover- eignty of God in Calamity ; on the loss of the " Central America." 1857. — The Dignity of Teaching. 1857.— Everything in Christ. 1858.— Annual Ser. before City Miss. Soc. 1858.— Ser. on Death of John Knox. 1858.— Letter on the Death of Dr. Brownlee. I860.— Disc, at Fun. of Mrs. A. B. Talcott. 1861 — Ser. and Prayer on the Death of Pres. Lincoln. 1865. In Voices from tlie Pulpit. — Address at the Semi-Centennial of Dr. Hodge. — Many contributions to the press. Rogers, Leonard. N.B.S. 1833, 1. CI. N.B. 1833 ; Catlin, 1832-3, Sand Beach, 1833-34, w. c. 1838. Rogers, L. C. N.B.S. 1860. Rogers, Samuel J., b. at Oxford, N.H., Aug. 27, 1833 ; R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. N.Y. 1863; Battle Creek, 1863-5, Geneva, 1865-73, Port Jervis, 1872-6, Fort Plain, 1876— THE MLNISTET. 419 Romaine, Benj. F. E.G. 1842, 1. Assoc. N.T. and Brooklyn, 1850 ; Editor of the American Spectator at Albany, 1843-57, S.S. Canajoliarie, 1857-9, Canajoharie, 1859-C2, Bound Brook, 1863-8, Sec. Coloniz. See. Ohio, 1868— Romeyn, Benjamin, (s. of Thos. Romeyn,) h. 1774, and died juat as he fin- ished his theological studies. Romeyn, Dirck, (or Theodoric,) (brother of Thos. Romeyn, Sr.,) b. at Hack- ensack, June 13, (O.S.) 1744; C.N.J. 1765, studied theol. under J. H. Goetsohius ; licensed by the American Classis, 1766 ; Marbletown, Roches- ter, and Wawarsing, 1766-75, also occasionally supplied Upper Red Hook and Red Hook Landing, 1773^, Hackensack, (1st,) and Schraalenburgh, (1st,) 1785-84, Schenectady, 1784^-1804, d. Also Lector in Theology, 1793-7, Prof, in Theology, 1797-1804, April 16. Elected a Trustee Q.C. 1785. D.D. by B.C. 1789. He possessed a mind strong and energetic, more than ordinarily compre- hensive, and capable of viewing things in their natures, their connections, their dependencies and ends. His apprehension was quick and his under- standing clear and informed. His judgment was sound and mature, and his memory remarkably retentive. In the application of these powers of mind, he was chiefly bent upon his professional studies. In these he most delighted; and labored most of all to excel. He was versed in the circles of general science, well read in history, and had made no mean attainments in the philosophy of the human mind. In the discharge of his ministerial functions he proved himself an able minister of the New Testament, a watchman that needed not to be ashamed. As he had loved the doctrines of grace, and had ex]5erienced their power and influence on his own heart, so also he insisted on them in his public ministrations. His theme uniformly was Christ and him crucified. His man- ner was bold, intrepid, and daring. In the execution, of his duties, he was neither daunted nor moved. He was the Boanerges of the day. When he pro- nounced Ebal's curses against the wicked, it was like the thunders of Sinai. He, however, was not incapable of the pathetic. He could at times move the heart and melt the audience to tears. His discourses were solid and interesting, oftentimes enlivened by historical anecdotes. In the introduc- tion of these he was peculiarly happy. He always entered deeply into his subject. His delivery was animated and unaffected, without ostentation, and becoming his subject. He aimed at nothing but-what was perfectly natural. In his intercourse with the world he supported a becoming dignity. In- dependence of sentiment marked its path through its busy rounds. He knew not how to dissemble. He was polite to all, familiar with few. This rendered the circle of his intimates contracted, and the number of his con- fidential friends small. In his conversation he was interesting, and always instructive. He was a pillar and an ornament to society. Says one of him, " He was unquestionably the first man. in our Church, among the first in the whole American Church." 420 THE MINISTRY. He and Dr. Livingston were constant correspondents ; they discussed by letter all the important affairs of the denomination, during its formative period. He was the counselor of senators, the adviser and compeer of the warriors of the Revolution, and an efficient co-worker with the pa- triot. He took the lead in his State in giving an impetus to the support and patronage of classical learning; he was greatly instrumental in the founding of Union College at Schenectady. — Doc. Eist. iii. 600. Ounn's Livingston, ed. 1856, p. 383. Taylor's Annals. Spragiw's Annals. Romeyn, James, (s. of J. V. C. Eomeyn,) b. at Greenbush, 1797 ; C.C. 1816, N.B.S. 1819, 1. CI. N.B. 1819 ; Nassau, 1820-7, Six Mile Run, 1827-33, Hackensack, 1833-6, Catskill, 1836-40, Leeds, 1842-4, Bergen Neck, 1844-50, Geneva, 1850-1, emeritus, d. 1859. Elected a trustee of R.C. 1842. S.T.D. byC.C. 1838. No one attempts an easy task who would depict adequately and yet briefly the character of James Romeyn. We do not expect entire success. Mr. Romeyn was of an exceedingly sensitive temperament. This peculiarity measurably unfitted him for contact with a rough world, but gave extreme ardor to the pursuit of studies he loved, and rendered him, with his strong mental endowments, perhaps the most eloquent of our preachers — a flame of fire in the pulpit. His utterance was rapid in the extreme, yet in all his best days distinct, his posture a little stooped, his eye following his notes closely, his action not ungraceful, but vivacious and expressive. His style was sententious, full of Scripture, of which a leading word or two gave you the passage and its use in the argument. His quotations and allusions of all kinds, and his abundant, and to any but himself almost redundant, com- parisons and figures, so characterized his sermons as to render tliem alto- gether peculiar. Sometimes a closing sentence gave finish and power to a paragraph or argument. Thus, after showing how science fails in religion, he says : " To attempt thus to back revelation is like holding a lamp beside the sun, or gilding gold, or propping the Alps." On the assumptions and progress of Popery, " There is a sword whose edge and point are penetra- ting the vitals of this land, whose handle is at Rome." Discussing religious form without religious power, he concludes : " We may be stable as a pillar and conservative as salt, and prove notwithstanding, like Lot's wife, (whom we are commanded to remember,) a living body transformed into a dead mass, and be nothing but a monument of folly and disobedience after all." In preaching, an irrepressible fire seemed to burn within him, ever seeking to flash upon others its light and heat in every form of rapid and intense expression. " Divine Redeemer, set me as a seal upon thy heart!" "My soul shall make her boast in the Lord !" " The humble shall hear thereof and be glad !" " For me to live is Christ !" " This God is our God forever and ever ; he shall be our guide even unto death !" Remember thee ! If I for- get thee, my bleeding, dying Lord, let my right hand forget her cunnng !" *'Did ever pity stoop so low, Dressed in divinity and blood ! "Was ever rebel conrted so lu groans of an expiring God ?" THE MINISTRY. 421 Witli sucli impetuous, burning words, liis face and whole system in a glow, would lie preacli for more tlian an Lour commonly, and then, while at CatskUl, would often cease, to find himself completely exhausted, and to be helped through the window beside the pulpit and to his bed in the par- sonage in rear of the church. Mr. Romeyn has left only three sermons in print. General Synod, 184'3 ; the American Tract Society, 1842 ; and " A Parting Memorial," 1857. Be- sides these we have his extended " Report," General Synod, 1848, which cost him great labor ; and though criticised unmercifully, its suggestions have been abundantly proved wise and judicious. It is to be regretted that his manuscripts are so written as to be now wholly illegible. He refused the D.D. In person Mr. Romeyn was tall, face large, forehead large and re- treating, features prominent, eyes grayish blue, hair light brown, parted from the right side, short, neat and smooth. He was a man to impress you, voice full, manners ministerial, but modest and unstudied, conversation turning constantly to the church and religious themes. He was gifted in prayer, and his asking a blessing at table worth a journey to hear. He very seldom indeed spoke anywhere without the paper. He was disabled by paralysis, at Geneva, 1850, and this attack, acting on an extremely nervous constitution, gradually destroyed both body and mind, until after some years of suffering he was admitted to his rest. — iJ«s. Dr. Anson DuBois. In the Seminary, it is said of him, he was never tardy in time, nor loose in preparation. In his intercourse vrith his fellow-students, he was blithe and joyous, with an unfailing smile of good-fellowship. He was never angry, though his nature was impulsive. His early efforts at sermonizing showed the budding of that rich and exuberant imagination which so eminently distinguished his more mature efforts. He would pursue a principal thought into its successive inferences, associations, corollaries, and suggestions, un- til it made almost u complete circle of Christian doctrine. When he had made one of these successful efforts, which showed him to be a head and shoulders taller than many of his seniors, he did not seem to be aware of the fact. As a preacher he never occupied as conspicuous a position as his abilities merited, partly on account of shattered health, and partly because he shunned publicity. His rapid and impetuous delivery impaired the effect of his sermons, but his mind was engine-like in its workings. His discourses exhibited great intellectual power, being always well pre- pared, full of the marrow of the gospel, glowing imagery, and brilliant thought ; yet his wonderful rapidity of utterance seemed at first to confound the mind, as it required the closest attention to follow him. He always came to the sanctuary with beaten oil, feeling deeply that the responsibility of souls was upon him. His conscientiousness on this subject prevented him from accepting of several responsible fields which were freely offered him. His illustrations were gathered from every class of objects in the nat- ural world, as well as from history and science. Any thing forcible or beautiful found by him was marked, and found a place in his reference- book, and hence he was always ready with a store of apt and brilliant im- 422 THE MINISTET. agery. Hiaiclerical bretliren were happy to receive from him the messages of salvation. He was ever instructive and encouraging to them, and his labors were highly prized for their elevating and ennobling character. On one occasion, rising from a sick-bed to fulfill an engagement, he poured forth a tide of eloquence for more than an hour, and sinking exhausted on his seat called on the venerable Dr. Porter, sitting in a pew near the pulpit, to conclude with prayer. Overwhelmed with the big thoughts and burning words of the preacher, he commenced his prayer with an earnest thanks- giving for the feast of fat things which they had received, andthen added, " But, Lord, thou hast given our dear brother a mighty mind and big heart, but thou knowest thou hast put them in a poor weak body. O Lord, bless his body, oh ! bless his body, to keep that mind and heart for future service." With his tall form strung up to the highest nervous tension, and his tongue pouring forth a lava-tide of burning eloquence, he was one of the most powerful of preachers, not noted so much for literary polish, or for originality in fancy, or for erudition or pathos, but almost unequaled in the grander sublimities of eloquence. He was a Boanerges. He saw the great system of revealed truth in all its grandeur, and he bent his mighty energies to set it forth' in its most impressive manner, from the time he entered the ministry till his Master's hand was laid upon him. * He made as much preparation to address a little gathering in a country school- house as for the great congregation on the Sabbath. At funerals he was always happy in his choice of subjects, and in his manner of presenting them. In some of his flights of eloquence, a silence like that of death would come over his audience. He was wonderfully apposite in his quo- tations from Scripture, and the passage as uttered by him would often be fastened on the memory of his hearer for a lifetime. Equally remarkable in this respect was his power in prayer — the richest expressions from the word of God pouring from his lips. He was especially noted for his zeal. He was an earnest, laborious, and faithful worker. He was also kind and attentive to the suffering and dying. He perhaps expected too much from human nature, and sometimes seemed severe in expressing his views of the actions of Christian men. He saw and felt how things ought to be, and if he could not efiect these changes, it ren- dered him unhappy. But many of his strong expressions are to be attrib- uted to the structure of his mind, for he thought, and wrote, and spoke in figures, often warm and glowing. He was stricken with paralysis while in his chamber, in Geneva, a, few days before the time fixed for his ordination. He had already made a great and most favorable impression in that community. From this time disease continually tried him ; his nervous system was all unhinged, and wearisome days and nights were appointed him. Taylor's Annals. For Memorial Sermons, see Chr. Intelligencer, vol. 30, Oct. 15, 1859. Publications : The Crisis and its Claims. Before Gen. Syn. 1843. (See Princeton Rev. xiv. 633.)— A Plea for an Evang. Press. Before Am. Tract. THE MINISTET. 423 Soc. 1843. — Report on tie State of the Cliurch. 1848. Appendix to Mints. Gen. Synod. A most elaborate and important paper. — Enmity to the Cross of Christ. 1857. — Arts, in Bpragms AnnMs, on Drs. J. H. Livingston and J. T. C. Eomeyn. Eomeyn, Jas. Van Campen, (s. of Thos. Eomeyn,) b. at Minisink, 1765; Schenectady Academy, 1784, studied theology under D. Eomeyn, 1. by Synod of D.E. Chs. 1787 ; Schodack and Greenbush, 1788-94, Greeubush and Wynantskill, 1794-9, Hackensack, (3d,) and Schraalenburgh, (2d,) 1799-1833, d. 1840. Elected a trustee of Queens Coll. 1809. He was one of the four sons of Thomas Eomeyn, all of whom studied for the ministry. He was the subject of religious impressions at an early age, , and his remarkable stability of character may be traced to the influence of a conscience correctly trained, and views of truth formed in the light of the divine testimony, fondly cherished, and carefully and consistently applied. He was not distinguished so much for energy of action, for eloquence of speech, for vastness of conception, as for originality of plan ; yet in the con- sideration of his character, there is a feeling of satisfaction and admiration. His mind was correct, his judgment clear, his plans marked by usefulness, and in all he did he was distinguished for a large predominance of high moral qualities. No one could charge him with rash enterprise, doubtful , expedients, personal antipathies, excited words, retaliating acts, or irritating and aggressive measures. The proportions of his character were in admira- ble adjustment. There was an honesty and transparency of purpose, a self- control and calmness in manner, a steadiness in action, and directness in his policies, which constrained respectful attention and delicate regard for his suggestions and avowals. He walked with God in the cultivation of per- sonal piety. Daring a double charge of thirty-five years, it is not known that there was one act of collision, or one unkind, unsettling word or cir- cumstance in hia congregations. In the affairs of the church he was uni- formly the ready helper, the judicious counselor, the pacificator. Without the form ot j udicial authority, he wielded an influence far more effectual, desirable, and honorable. Without their ever having seen him or heard him, he was called to the distracted churches of Bergen Co., N.J., on the ground of his reputation as a man of forbearance, discretion, and piety. He was contemporary with Solomon Froeligh, at Hackensack and Schraalen- burgh, for nearly thirty years, and was the nearest witness of the sad seces- sion which has so long afflicted those localities. It became his duty, indeed, to present this matter to Synod, for their action. He was inflexible where principle was involved ; yielding, where it was not. A casual acquaintance would not understand his merits. His whole disposition led to retirement and a noiseless course of life. His disinterestedness was frequently and nobly displayed. In the summer of 1833, he was struck with paralysis, and, though partially restored, and able to officiate again, yet a second attack, in April, 1833, compelled him to cease from labor. His last effort to preach, at a communion season, touched every heart most deeply. Whatever he had intended to say, he burst forth in the cry, " Have pity on me, my friends! 424 THE MIXISTEY. for the hand of God has toudied me !" and his utterance was soon choked. From the day his tongue refused to speak, he yielded up all his perquisites —a fair specimen of his. generosity. Few men exceeded him in the power of scriptural illustration, and ahility to weave the phraseology of the Bible into the structure of his sentences ; in concentrating thought and giving an attractive flavor and raciuess to his productions. He took a very active part in the endowment of Queens College, in 1810. The last eight years of his life, he was a paralytic ; but the same patience and meekness, the same calm and tranquillizing hope, became more conspicuous.— Tfeyfor'* Annals. Spraffue's Annals. Publications: Address to the Students Theolog. Sem. Mag. B.D.G. iv. 202.— A Manifesto, pub. in the Bergen Co. papers. Eomeyn, Jeremiah, (nephew of Thomas Eomeyn,) 1). in N. Y.C. 1768 ; studied under D. Eomeyn and H. Meyer, 1. by Syn. E.D. Chs. 1788 ; Linlithgo, and supplied also Upper and Lower Eed Hook, 1788-1806, Harlem, 1806- 14, supplied Schoharie Kill and Beaverdam, (Eoxbury,) 1814-17, supplied Woodstock, Dec. 1817-Feb. 1818, died in July, 1818. Also Prof, of Hebrew, 1797-1818. " He was a man of imposing personal appearance, of full habit, grave, dignified, and graceful. His head was finely formed ; his visage dark, with a dark-blue, powerful eye, well set under an expanded brow ; his counte- nance florid ; his hair full and white," (1812,) " and usually powdered when entering the pulpit, or associating with gentlemen of the olden school." With an excellent voice of large compass, and with a deliberate manner, he was an interesting' and pleasing speaker. He preached without notes. He was able to combine divers styles of sermonizing and manner in a single discourse — the didactic, descriptive, discursive, and illustrative. He would sometimes begin with an exordium remotum, like the Dutch, then reason calmly and closely, in the English style, and perhaps finish with the lively and picturesque manner of the French. He was entirely self-possessed, and manifested profound thought in his preaching. — Sprague's Annals. Eomeyn, John Brodhead, (s. of Dirck Eomeyn,) b. 1777 ; C.C. 1795, studied under Livingston, 1. CI. Albany, 1798; Ehinebeck Flats, 1799-1803, (Schenectady, Presbyt. 1803-4, Albany, Presbyt. 1804-8, New- York, Cedar St.,Presbyt. 1808-25,) d. Trustee C.C. 1809-25; Clerk of C.C. 1811-15; Trustee C.N.J. 1809-25. S.T.D. by C.N.J. 1809. He left the Dutch connection, accepting a call to the Presbyterian Church pf Schenectady, that he might be near his aged father, to soothe him in his declining days. The venerable professor rejoiced at the opening usefulness and honors of his only son. He was called in a few years to New-York. His friends trembled for the result of this bold experiment. His people consisted of some of the most enterprising and spirited men of the city. But here his genius, his power of discrimination, his decisive and energetic mind, and his eloquence, gained him attention and success. Humility, meek- ness, and consummate discretion tempered the more rigid traits of his THE imnsTny. 425 decisive and intrepid soul. It was a new congregation, under tlie very sbadow of the cliurcli of tlie renowned Dr. Mason. Yet he collected and bound together a loving people, and was the successful instrument in melt- ing them down to the obedience of the cross. He maintained his eminent position amid all the talent and eloquence of the mart of America. His people ever adhered to him, declaring that he was their ^r«J pastor, in every respect. Tet he had his trials. An acute sensibility had been cher- ished until it became morbid ; which, combined with intellectual and bodily labors, brought him to a comparatively early grave. — See Bprague's Annals. Publications : A Tribute to the Truth. On the Controversy with Episco- pacy. 1809. See Christian's Mag. ii. 439-441.— The Danger and Duty of Young People 1810.— The Good Samaritan. A ser. for benefit of KY. Dis- pensary. 1810. — Exhortation to the People. At the install, and ord. of Bev, Gardiner Spring. 1810. — A Ser. at the Opening of the Gen. Assembly. 1811. —Sermons. 2 vols. 8vo, pp. 434 and 440. X.Y., 1816. EOJIETN, Theodobe B., (a. of Jas. Homeyn ;) E.G. 1846,X.B.S. 1849,1. CI., Bergen, 1849 ; Blawenburg, 1849-63, Hackensack, 1st, 1865— D.D. by R.C. 1869. Publications : Historical disc, delivered on the occasion of the reopening and dedication of 1st R.D.C. at Hackensack. 1870. — Centennial Disc. preached in 1st Ref. Ch. Hackensack. 1873. — The Adaptation of Ref. Ch. in America to the American Character. 1876. In Centennial Discs. Eomeyn, Theodore F., b. 1760, (s. of Thos. Romeyn ;) studied under Living- ston, (?) 1. by Gen. Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1783 ; Raritan and Bedminster, Nov. 1784-Sept. 1785, d. His ministry was unusually spiritual and fervent, and was closed impres- sively in his sudden and early death. He was a, gifted and extraordinary young man, and his brief career left a deep impression on many hearts. — Messier s Mem. Ser. 1873, p. 33. Romeyn, Theodoric, see Romeyn, Dirck. Romeyn, Thomas, (Sr.,)b. at Pompton, March 29, 1729 ; C.N.J. 1750, studied under Goetschius and T. Frelinghuysen, sailed for Europe April 11, 1753, 1. CI. Amsterdam, Sept. 3, 1753 ; Success, Jfewtown, Oyster Bay, and Jamaica, 1753-60, Minisink, Walpeck, Smithfield, and Deerpark, Sei^. 6, 1760-72, also occasionally supplying Clove Station, Sussex Co., N.JT^ Cauglmawa- ga, 1772-94, d. Oct. 32. After preaching a few times on Long Island, he sailed, in April, 1753, to Holland, for ordination. At his settlement on Long Island, though a. pru- dent man, he found it difficult to stiU the troubled waters. His call, also, was not unanimous. In 1757, De Ronde usurped authority by presiding at a meeting of the disaffected elements, and another minister was called. Eomeyn, being a quiet and peaceful man, sought freedom from the strife in another field of labor. His call to the churches on L.I. is dated Nov. 10, 1753. — Amst. Cor. Taylor's Annals. 426 THE MINISTET. Eomeyn, Thomas, h. at Caughnawaga, 1777, (s. of Tlios. Eomeyn ;) U.C. 1797, studied under D. Eomeyn, 1. CI. Albany, 1798 ; Florida, 1800-6, Niskayuna and Amity, 1806-37, w. c. 1837-57, d. Nature liad endowed him with a majestic frame, and his dignified personal appearance was calculated to impress those who met him. His words were weighty, and his opinions carefully guarded. In business aflfairs he was scrupulously just and honest. He could indulge in a quiet humor which amused the social circle, or gave inimitable point to some keen reflection. Never boisterous nor violent, his genial spirit flowed like a peaceful river. He was fixed in his views, and calmly self-possessed in maintaining them ; a thoughtful, reflecting man, he was seldom or never taken by surprise. Neither in personal affairs nor in the councils of the Church did he display the hurried manner and action which betokened impulse without delibera- tion. His understanding was one of masculine vigor. He dealt with prin- ciples, and jealously guarded their maintenance and application. His preach- ing was eminently scriptural and experimental. His peaceful spirit would not allow him to indulge in controversy. He was a careful student and ob- server of the constitution and order of the Church. His views were gene- rally far-reaching, sagacious, accurate, and consistent. His opinions were always treated with the highest respect and consideration. His attainments were respectable, and his reading was carefully digested and stored for use. He was not an orator, nor did he aim at the graces of composition ; yet he could enchain an audience by his solemn and calm earnestness, his logical argument, and his forcible appeal. In 1837 he was obliged to resign pasto- ral duties, because of failure in health. In 1843 he met with a fall, which crippled him for the rest of his life. — Maff. M.D.C. i. 301. Publication : A Charge to Eev. Jas. Murphy, Glenville, 1836. Mag. B.D.O. i. 301. • Eomondt. 0. E. V., for Von Eomondt,) E.G. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. N.B. 1844 ; Prof. Modern Langs, in Eutgers Coll. 1848-59, Greenville, 1860-1, S.S. Cold Spring, 1863, w. c— Eoof, Garret L. U.C. 1831 ; Auriesville, 1847-50, Port Jackson, 1850-5, Southwest-Troy, 1855-64. Eoosa, Egbert, from Presbyt. of Columbia ; Miss, to Shokan, 1838-80, Sho- kan, (S.S.,)*1831-4, (Bath, Presbyt.) EoosEVELT, Washington. Bronxville, 1857-73, w. c. Eose, Louis, French Eef., New-York, 1734-. . Eosegrant, (Eosenkrantz,) Elijah. Q.C. 1791, studied under Livingston, lie. by the Partic. Synod of D.E. Chs. 1794 ; became a physician at Paramus, d. 1833. Eosencrantz, J. From Presbyt, of Utica ; S.S. Princetown, 1849-50. THE MI^^STEY, 427 Eosenkrantz, Ab. CanajoUarie, 1756-58, Ger. Ref.,N.Y.C.,175&-9, Schoha- rie, and Canajoharie, [?]) 1760-5, Canajoharie and German Flats, (same as Great Flats,) 1765-94, d. On Dec. 20, 1758, forty German families -svere dismissed from R.D.C. of N.T.C. to establish the G.R.C., and Domine Eitzema was directed to install 'Ros&nkTuiitz.— Mints. Ch. N. T. Eng. Trans. Lih. B. 273. Amst. Cor. [Eothenbergler, (Rothenbuhler,) Fred., b. at Berne, Switz., 1726 ; studied at Berne, ordained 1753 ; (Haag and Amsterdam, Holland, 1759-60, pastor Ger. Kef. Ch., London, Eng., 1760-1.) Ger. Kef., n':Y.C., 1761-2, (Ger. Coe- tus,) Philadelphia, Ger., 1762-5, (?) deposed, d. nm.'\—Earbaugli's Lives, ii. 386. Eou, Louis, b. in Holland, 16. . ; naturalized in England, c. to America, 1710 ; French Ref. Ch., N.Y.C., 1710-50, d.—Doc. Sist. iii. 273, 281, 315, 708, 710. Eouse, Peter P., b. 1798, at Athens, N.T.; U.C. 1821, N.B.S. 1821,1. CI. N.B. 1831 ; Florida, 1833-8, Brooklyn, 1828-33, d. His early religious impressions, his great amiability of temper, and respec- table talents soon pointed him out as a fit candidate for the ministry. But his life was brief. He was instant in season and out of season, not only la the pulpit, but from house to house ; and lu the family circle, in the sick- room; at the dying-bed, he faithfully preached the gospel. It was while in the performance of one of these labors of loTe that he experienced a violent hemorrhage of the lungs, which, in a few months, terminated his useful life. He had been suddenly called on to visit a person in great affliction of body and distress of mind, and he was so painfully affected by the scene that, with a delicate nervous system, and in great excitement of mind, on returning home, he burst a blood-vessel. But as his short career in life had been pious and useful, so was his death peaceful and happy. — Mag. B.D.G. iii. 187. Sipraguds Annals. Kowan, Stephen, b. at Salem, K.T., 1787 ; TJ.C. 1804, studied under J. H. Meyer and Jer. Eomeyn, 1. CI. Is". T., 1806; Greenwich, iS'.Y.C., 1807-19, (8th Presbyt., Christopher St., X. Y.C.) 1819-25 ; Sec. of Soc. for Amel. Con- dition of the Jews, 1835-35, d. S.T.D. by C.C. 1822. At the early age of six he had received deep impressions of religion, hav- ■ ing been nurtured in truth by the kind and faithful instructions of a pious mother. At Greenwich his zealous and faithful labors were abundantly blessed, but at length an unhappy difference caused him to leave that church, and to found the Eighth Presbyterian Church in Christopher Street, in which many of his personal friends and converts of his ministry united. Here great success also attended his labors. For many years he was the efficient secretary for the society whose object waslo ameliorate the condition of the Jews, visiting Europe in this behalf. He was universally recognized in the community as a man of perspicuous, comjnanding intellect. His mind was characterized by clearness, directness, 428 THE MINISTEY. definiteness, and sound common sense. He went directly to Lis object, and whatever liis hearers may have thought of his public exhibitions, none could doubt the meaning of his remarks, and few could avoid their point. His style of composition was remarkably chaste and accurate, adorned at times by the happiest illustrations, drawn from his extensive reading. As a friend he was most affectionate and faithful, and while to the world that had often cruelly oppressed him he might sometimes appear to cover his heart under an iron mask, yet, to trusted friends, he was warm-hearted, confiding, and tender. It pleased God to try him sorely in various ways, yet he did not weep over his own trials ; but he would shed tears of sympathy with others in their misfortunes. He commended himself highly while in Europe to the friends of truth, who spoke of him in terms of warm approbation. The exercises of his mind in his last illness were characterized by clear and sometimes awful views of the nature of sin, by great humility of spirit, and tender and ardent love to his Saviour, his hopes ever brigbtei^ing as his end approached ; his faith strengthening, and his conversation being peculiarly rich, solemn, and impressive. Publications : A Ser. at ord. of Eev. Eichard V. Dey, at Greenfield, Ct., 1833. — Jacob's Address to Laban. A Sermon at Greenwich, N.Y.C., Aug. 9, 1818, at the announcement of his resignation. 1818. Including Appendix containing several acts of the Consistory. See also Reply to Rowan's Ser., being a Report thereon by the Consistory. 8vo, pp. 44. 1818. — Rowan's Miscellany. See Mag. R.D.C. iv. 289. Also Svanff. Guardian, and Bev., May, 1817. — Disc, on the death of Rev. Dr. J. B. Eomeyn. 1825. — Obsequies of Adams and Jefferson, 182G. Rowland, J. M., from Presbyt. Ch. 1851 ; South-Brooklyn, 1853, d. Eubel, Johannes Casparus, b. 1719, c. to America, 1751 ; educated in Ger- many ; Philadelphia, Ger. Ref., 1751-5, Camp, Red Hook, and Rhinebeck, (Ger.) 1755-9, Brooklyn, Flatlands, Flatbush, New-Utrecht, Bushwick, (and Gravesend,) 1759-83, 1784, deposed, died 1797. See Min. G.S. i. 109. A zealous Conferentie man. He was styled by the German Coetus, in 1755, "the rebellious Rubel," and requested to resign his charge. He claims also to have been minister in the manor of Cortlandt, 17G9, and in Glarkstown, 1770. He was a violent tory, calling the American soldiers " Satan's soldiers," and fre- quently denounced from the pulpit, in violent language, the cause of inde- pendence. He was also accused of drunkenness and bad treatment of his wife. — H. Onderdonk, Jr. Amst. Cor. Rudy, John, b. in Switzerland, 1791, studied under HelfEenstein, 1. CI. Maryland, (G.R.) 1821 ; (Guilford, N.C., 1831-4,) Germantown, N.Y.,1835- 85, also supplied Red Hook Landing; Miss, to the Germans in N.Y.C., 1835-8 ; Ger. Evaug. Miss. Ch., N.Y.C., 1838-43, d. While a student in Philadelphia, he made himself very useful in holding prayer-meetings among the Germans, and visiting the poor and sick. He removed from North-Carolina to the North, because the climate did not THE •illJJISTEY. 429 agree ■with liim. He exerted a great influence for good on the Hudson, where Lis memory was long embalmed in the afifections of the people. But in visiting the city he was deeply impressed with the necessities of the German population there. He resolved to devote himself to their welfare. He therefore resigned his pleasant settlement, and moved to the din of the metropolis. He preached at first in a hired room to a very few. By un- wearied lahors, soundness of judgment, prudence, and consistency of con- duct, he at length built up a church of three hundred members. Crowded as they were, he resolved to seek to secuVe for them a proper edifice. The Col- legiate Church gave them the use of a lot on Houston Street, and he raised by personal effort $10,000, and a fine edifice rewarded his labors. But he took a cold in his subsequent arduous pastoral duties, which soon termina- ted his life. His loss was deeply felt. He left a good report among all the brethren. His mind was well balanced, and his judgment sound. He was distinguished for a practical wisdom which combined discretion and pru- dence with zeal, fidelity, and perseverance, and which proved an important element in all his success. His piety was warm, decided, and active. His spirit was uniformly cheerful without levity, and this combined with his discretion secured him access, confidence, and attachment. He was con- nected with the Tract Society for the diffusion of evangelical literature among the Germans. [Runkel, John "W., b. in Palatinate, 1749; 1. by Ger. Coetus, 1777; Shippens- burgh, Carlisle, Lower Settlement, and Hummelstown, Pa., 1777-81 ; the same, with Lebanon and Donegal, 1781-4, Frederick, Md., 1784-1802, Germantown, Pa., 1802-5, New- York. (G.E.) Forsyth St. 1805-12, Gettys- bargh, Emmetsburgh, and Taneytown, 1815-19, Gettysburgh, 1819-23, d. 1832.] His father emigrated to America, with his family, in 1764. In his minis- try, his zeal and earnestness and his Insisting on vital piety awakened much opposition against him, and he suffered considerable persecution. His ministry, from the central point where he was located, extended over large sections of country. At Frederick, his enemies tried assiduously to eject him, but failed. For a time Runkel lost possession of his church, because the friends of Eev. Geo. Schneyder, of Schoharie, wished to settle liim, but the court restored to Runkel the property, (1800.) Schneyder Lad gone to Frederick, in 1787, to solicit funds to build a church at Schoharie, and the next year had returned to Frederick, and maintained a party there for a number of years. While settled in the independent German Church in New-Tork, he made a visit to several of the German, Lutheran, and Dutch ministers along the Hudson, which is minutely detailed in his journal, among others spending several days at Domine Gebhard's at Claverack, (Harhaugh's Lives, ii. 299.) After he left New-Tork, he made Lis home in Germantown, Pa., frequently itinerating and preaching, as he also did after Lis resignation at Gettysburgh, in 1823. He was a man of strong physical constitution, tall and raw-boned in per- son. His powers of endurance were great. He was venerable and patriar- 430 THE MINISTEY. clial in appearance, excitable in temper, warm in preacliing — in sliort, "a son of thunder.'' He was in advance of his times, and hence regarded somewhat as a fanatic. His preaching was evangelical, apt in illustration, and affectionate in appeal. He ever manifested much sympathy toward the suffering, visiting also prisoners and those under sentence of death. Rutte, John M. University of Utrecht; N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. N.B. 1867; Patersou, (Hoi.) 1867— Eyerson, Abram G. R.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. Passaic, 1843; Gorham, 1843-5, Wyckoff, 1845-65, w. c— Rysdyck, Isaac. Uni versity of Groningen ; Hopewell, New-Hackensack, (and Poughkeepsie, M.G.S. i. 81-37,) 1765-73, Fishkill, Hopewell, and New- Hackensack, 1773-89, resigned, d. 1790. " He was," says Dr. Brownlee, " in his day, considered the most learned theologian in the Dutch Church. He was familiar with the classics. He wrote in Greek, but especially in Latin, with as much facility as in his native Dutch, and in the University of Groningen he was as familiar with Hebrew as with his mother tongue. But great as were his attainments in the sacred and profane classics, his theological readings and attainments were no less extensive and accurate. His sermons were specimens of the analytical form of discussion. The body of them were judicious and masterly disser- tations, and the applications were practical and full of affectionate consola- tions, warnings, and reprovings.'' He was of commanding personal appear- ance, and, in his manners, an old-time gentleman. According to the custom of those days, he usually rode on horseback, wearing a cocked hat, and white flowing wig, and the customary clerical dress. On the Sabbath he rode up to the church door, where the sexton was waiting to take his horse, and dismounting would pass into the church and kneel in silent prayer, at the foot of the pulpit. He was also principal of a classical school at Fishkill, in which John H. Livingston and other eminent men received their earlier education. Synod indorsed his academy in 1773. He was re- ceived in 1765 by his congregations with great love and joy. He belonged to the Conferentie party, but never manifested much bitterness of spirit, and at the second meeting in 1773, to adopt articles of union between the parties, he was made president. He lived in troublous times, both for church and state. Many of his congregation were Tories in the Revolution, and party spirit ran Id^K—See Kip' a Hist. Vis. Mag. B.D.C. ii. 344. Amst. Gor. Sprague's Annals. Salisbury, John H. R.C. 1875, N.B.S. 1878, lie. CI. Greene ; Coxsackie, 2d, 1878— Salisbury, Wm. Blenheim, 1833-4. Saul, Geo. Haokensack, (Oer.) 1874-5. TUE 5IIXISTEY. 431 Sa'WTEe, AKDnEW, (a native Hindoo,) edacated by the missionaries in India,- 1. CI. Arcot, India, 1859 ; Ealinpett, (Arcot,) laTO-eS, Sattambady, 1865, with the station Gnanodayam, 186&-75, Chittoor, 1875— Schaats, Gideon, b. 1607 ; 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1651 ; Bensselaerwyck, 1653- 94, supplied also, at times, Schenectady. He had been a schoolmaster at Beest, Holland, before coming to America. During his pastorate at Albany, Gov. Andros compelled him to receive as a colleague Van Renslaer, an Episcopalian. (Van Benslaeb.) Xot being a union of love, it is not surprising that it was lacking in harmony. But Rens- laer was soon removed by death. During the latter part of his ministry, Schaats had difficulties with his congregation, to which were added aLso do- mestic troubles. He was a Voetian in hermeneutics. — See Doc. Hist. iii. 70, 72, 529-534. Col. Hist. ii. 653, 707. 0' Callagluin' s New-Neth. ii. 567. Brocl- Jieotd's N. T. ScHANCK, Garret Conover, b. at Itfatteawan, N.J., Sept. 14, 1806 ; B.C. 1828, N.B.S. 1832, 1. CI. N.B. 1832; Miss, at Marshallville, Jan. -July, 1838 ; Walpeck 1833-5, Clover Hill, 1835-37, Pompton Plains, 1837-53, w. c. Elected a trustee B.C. 1866. D.D. Scheuck, Ferd. S., (s. of M. L. Schenck,) b. Ulster Co., X.Y.; C.X.J. 1865, Albany Law School, 1367; Conn. Law, 1667-9; N.B.S. 1873, lie. CI. Ulster ; Clarkstown, 1872-7, Montgomery, 1877— Schenck, Geo., b. at Matteawan, 1816 ; T.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. Pough- keepsie, 1840 ; Bedminster, 1840-53, d. He was a humble, fervent Christian, marked with more than an ordi- nary degree of spirituality, yet of a lively disposition, of a ready wit, and a foe to sanctimoniousness. . He was a man of unbending integrity, and strict- ly conscientious in all his sentiments. He possessed great activity and per- severance. His small and diseased frame contained as brave and resolute a spirit as ever came from the Almighty's hand. He had warm sympathies and great tenderness of feeling, and was devoted in his work. He spoke the whole truth with faithfulness and pungency, not fearing the face of man. Tet his fidelity was unmixed with harshness. The love of souls glowed in his heart, and the law of kindness was on his lips. With a good intellect and habits of study, his public services were instructive and interesting. — See Faneral Sermon, by Rev. T. W. Chambers. Spragne's Annals. Publications: Music; an Address at Somerville. 1849. — Second Comintr of Christ. 1843. Schenck, Isaac Strtker, b. at Weston, N.J., Ap. 26, 1852; B.C. 1873 N.B.S. 1876, lie. CI. N.B. ; Bosendale, 1877— Schenck, Jacob Wyckoflf, b. at Weston, N. J., 1849 ; E.G. 1870, N.B.S. 1873, lie. CI. X.B. ; Ghent, 3d, June 8, 1873-9, d. Feb. 15. Previous to his entrance on the regular work of the ministry he had done much in the service of the Master. While a college student he had acted as 432 THE MINISTRY. a colporteur for the American Tract Society in Sullivan Co., N.Y. His first Seminary vacation lie labored at Earitan, III. The second lie spent on the Eastern Coast of Maine, at Whitneyville, -where he labored vrith such success that about twenty were added to the church. During this period he also preached on Sunday afternoons at Machias Port, in a large and inflnential church, and received a call to become their pastor, which, however, he de- clined. The church of Ghent loved and esteemed him, and was greatly pros- pered under his brief ministry of five years, in which time fifty were added on confession of their faith. ScHENCK, John W., b. iu N.J., 1835. R.C. 1845, N.B.S. 1849, 1. CI. KB.; Tarrytown, 1849-51, Cbatham, 1851-3, Bedford, now East-Brooklyn, Jan. 1853-5, Ithaca, 1855-63, New-Brunswick, 1863-6, Philadelphia, 3d, 1866-8, (Pottsville Pa., Presbyt., 1868-73,) Claverack, 1873— Schenck, Martin L., b. at Six Mile Run, N.J., 1817 ; B.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 1840 : Plattekill, 1840-53, Fort Plain, 1853-7, Rooky Hill, 1857- 65, Whitehall, 1865-9, Plattekill, 1869-73, d. Mar. 11. He was the son of Dr. Ferdinand S. Schenck, a distinguished physician of Somerset Co., New-Jersey. He became a subject of divine grace during the memorable revival with which the churches of New-Brunswick and the College were favored during the year 1837. Twelve of the students, including Mr. Sehenok; vinited with the First Reformed Church, all of whom turned their attention to the gospel ministry. He was a settled pastor for thirty- three years, and died suddenly while in the fullness of his strength, and in the midst of a career of great usefulness. He was blessed with a buoyant nature, and was always accustomed to look upon the bright side of things. He was a cheerful, happy man in whatever circle he was thrown, and his very presence was as sunshine among the homes of his people. In his disposition he was generous an^d open hearted. He loved to make others happy, and he was accustomed to study their wel- fare even to the sacrifice of his own personal convenience. He loved the work of the pastorate, and never neglected any interest in the congregation that needed his attention. He was accustomed to go' through cold and heat visiting the sick, comforting the troubled, and be- stowing help wherever it was needed. He was prompt, active, and con- scientious in the discharge of all his duties. He never failed to meet his engagements, and he made frienfts wherever he went. The children greeted him gladly, and his vivacious way was always pleasing, helpful, and encouraging among all classes. As a preacher he was sound, Biblical, practical, and impressive. He was fond of studying the gospel narrative, and brought out with great distinct- ness and frequency subjects that related to the Person, offices and work of Christ. Lessons from the Great Biography were his favorite topics, and these he presented and enforced with great pungency and fervor. No one could excel him in earnestness and devotion. His end was unexpected. On the Sabbath he preached three times, according to his custom, and with his usual energy. On the succeeding Tuesday he was suddenly smitten down THE MINISTRY. 433 6y fatal disease, and in a few hours liis useful and successful life was brouglit to a close. PnUications : The Harmony of Heaven. 1855. — Address at Fun. of Dr. Ostrander. In Memorial. Schenck, Wm., b. near Marlboro', N.J. , Oct. 13, 1740; C.N.J. 1767, studied theology with Rev. Wm. Tennent; lie. by Presbt. of New-Brunswick, 1770, (AUentown, N.J., Presbyt. 1771-77,) North and South Hampton, 1777-80, (Pittsgrove, N.J., Presb., 1780-6, Ballston, with Freehold and Milton, N.T., 1786-98, Huntington, L.I., 1793-1817, w. c. Died Sept. 1, 1833, in Franklin Co., 0. See Bev. T. W. Wellg' Hist. Disc, 1877. He was descended from RoelofFe Martense Schenck, who settled at Amers- pOTt, L. I., in 1750. Gen. Uobt. C. Schenck, Eev. Wm. E. Schenck, D.D., Sec. of Bd. Pub. Presbyt. Ch., Philadelphia, and Eev. Garret C. Schenck, are among his descendants. " He shows an analytical mind, and an extensive knowledge of Scripture, and withal sounds the gospel trumpet most sweetly." — See Eev. Alex. 8. Soyt's Hist. Disc, Ballston, N.Y., 1875. Schenk, John Van Neste, b. at South-Branch, N.J., Feb. 31, 1842; R.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1865, lie. CI. Geneva; Owasco Outlet, Sept. 38, 1865-7, Pompton Plains, Oct. 33, 1867-71, d. Sept. 38. At the dying request of his Christiau mother, when only ten years of age, he was committed to the care of his relative. Rev. Geo. J. Van Neste, then pastor at Bound Brook. During his junior year in college he made a pro- fession of his faith, and felt himself called to the work of the ministry. His preaching, as to its substance, was faithful to the doctrine of Christ crucified as the only meritorious ground of salvation, but applied in all its practical ramifications. A decided enemy to all trickery in the pulpit, he never became a truckling trimmer, subservient to the wishes of the self- righteous and the worldly-wise. With strong faith in the " word of Christ," he preached it as the divine means of the world's redemption. His manner was that of the earnest man, whose heart was in his work. At times he grew bold in his enthusiastic utterances of God's word. Yet, as the servant of Christ, he always " spoke the truth in love." And hence he gained the ready attention of his hearers wherever called to preach. He commonly used his manuscript, yet few excelled him in his unwritten addresses. His social qualities were also marked. With a, generous and charitable nature, he was kind and winning. It is not surprising, therefore, that he made many friends, especially among the young, and that his warm sym- pathies were poured out in the pastoral work of the sick-chamber, at the burial services, and in communion with the bereaved, the careworn, and the sin-sick. The Lord honored his short ministry of six years with more than usual success. The church at Owasco Outlet was much strengthened in numbers and in cementing the divisive elements of that weak congregation. Out- side of his own congregation, he was an earnest worker in the Bible and temperance causes, and other philanthropic enterprises. At Pomptoa 38 434 THE MINISTET. Plains his labors were attended with a special work of grace in the hopeful conversion of more than fifty souls in one year. The attendance upon the sanctuary services so increased as to demand larger accommodations. These were secured, but not without some resistance. He anticipated with much joy the reopening of the enlarged and beautiful "house of the Lord." He had made all the arrangements for that hallowed service. He had written with care the full history of the church, and had solicited all of his living predecessors to come with their memorials on that occasion. His life, it is believed, was a sacrifice to this excellent work, needful for the growth of that church. In its execution his eye was single to the glory of his Lord. But in the mystery of Providence, ere he was privileged to see the "house of the Lord " finished, he was taken to a mansion in the " house not made with hands." " He rests from his labors, and his works do follow him." — Bev. G. J. Van JSfeste. Publications : Hist. Disc, at Reopening of Church of Pompton Plains. 1871. (Posthumous.) Schermerhorn, Cornelius D., b. in Schoharie ; XJ.C. 1797, studied under Liv- ingston, lie. 1803 ; Schoharie Kill, 1803-30, died. ScHEEMEKHORN, Haevbt R., b. at Schodack, N.Y., 1835 ; N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Albany, 1863 ; Germantown, 1863-5, Principal of Riverside Sem., at Germantown, 1865-9, Principal of Hudson Academy, N.Y., 1869-74, Pella, 3d, 1875-6, Prof, of Rhetoric and Belles-lettres in Central Univ., Iowa, 1876— Schermerhorn, John F. U.C. 1809, from Cong. Ch. 1813, Middleburgh, 1816-37, Sec. of Missions, 1838-33. In Dec, 1835, he was agent to make a treaty with the Cherokees at New-Echota, but the Indians with whom he negotiated were afterward said by the tribe to be unauthorized, and in 1837 or 8 the Cherokees petitioned Congress for its nullification. [Schertlein, Jacob F. Lehigh Co., Pa., 173.-40.] — Rarbaugh's Lives, ii. 379. Schick, G. B. S.S. Bayonne, 3d, 1875. Scliiebe, Henry, student in N.B.S. ; perished at sea in the burning of the Austria, 1858. He had returned to Germany during this vacation to visit ' his affianced, in company with a fellow-student, Philip Berry. On their ' return voyage the vessel caught fire, and Schiebe was drowned. (Beret, P.) [Schlatter, Michael,*b. at St. Gall, Switzerland, 1716, Gymnasium of St. Gall ; Sab. evening preacher, at Lintenbuehl, 1745-6, agent to Ger. Chs. in Pennsylvania, from Synod of N. and S. Holland, 1746 ; Philadelphia and Germantown 1747-51 ; visited Holland, 1751-3 ; Philadelphia, 1753-5 ; also Sup. of Charity School Agency ; chaplain in Royal Am. Reg. 1757-9, supplied Barren Hill and Pranklinville, Pa., occasionally, 1759-77, d. 1790.1 THE MINISTET. 435 He was descended from a pious parentage, confirmed in Ws fourteenth year, and placed under tlie instruction of Prof. Waegelin, in his native town. But a roving spirit soon manifested itself, leaving him to forsake his home ■without consultation with, or consent of, his parents. He went to Hol- land. In the course of the year, he returned, and resumed his studies, and was accepted as a candidate for the ministry when only fourteen years of age. He spent most of the next fifteen years of his life in Holland, being ordained in that country, and engaged, much of the time, in teaching. In 1746, he ofEered himself to the Synod of Xorth and Soath-HoUand, as a missionary and agent to the destitute German churches in Pennsylvania. His mission was to organize the already existing congregations into churches, and to unite them more closely together, for mutual encourage- ment and support, as well as defense against unauthorized preachers ; and to establish formal and authorized correspondence with the Classis of Am- sterdam. He found the German churches, about 46 in number, compara- tively independent. There were here at the time of his arrival about 30,000 German Reformed. He came with authority from the mother Church to organize and consolidate the Reformed churches of America, as they were found among the Germans. Much of his time was taken up by his long tours into the interior. He visited the various settlements in Xew- Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Virginia. In October, 1746, he in- vited the regularly ordained ministers, namely, Dorstius, Boehm, Weiss, and Reiger, to meet in a Coetus, or Synod. Preparatory steps were taken for organization. In May, 1747, he visited New-York, to consult with Domines Da Bois, Boel, and Ritzema, respecting the organization of a Ger- man Synod. This Synod, or Coetus, was organized Sept. 29, 1747, and consisted of thirty-one ministers and elders. The Dutch Coetus in N"ew- Tork had been organized on Sept. 8th, of the same year, wiih about half as many. In 1749, Mr. Steiner, a man of popular gifts, arrived, and some of the people, captivated by him, wished his services in place of those of Mr. Schlatter. A sad contention arose with many bitter fruits. The case was submitted to arbitration, and decided in favor of Mr. Schlatter. Tet the wounds remained, and these difl&culties were ultimately the occasion of a visit to Europe by Mr. Schlatter, from which increased good came to the German churches. This visit to Europe took place in 1751-3. The Classis of Amsterdam, in session on his arrival, appointed a committee to confer with him, and to report. A lengthy report of the condition of the American churches was drawn up and presented to the Synod of N. and S. Holland in print. He also made a verbal appeal. The Synod was highly interested in the work, and furnished him with means to visit Germany and Switzerland, especially to seek to secure ministers to return to America with him. He found six ministers willing to accompany him, namely, Otterbein, Stoy, Waldschmid, Frankenfeld, Rubel, and Wissler, and collected some means, and seven hundred German Bibles, five hundred of them being in folio. But the work did not end here. Appeals were further made by those who had been Interested in the cause of the American Reformed churches of Ger- man origin, and a fund of £13,000 was soon collected in Holland, the interest 436 THE MINISTRY. of wliicli was devoted to the support of ministers and schoolmasters in Pennsylvania ; and so interested became George II. of England in the matter, that through his help and influence £20,000 were raised there for the maintenance of free schools among the Germans in America, to be under the iuspection of Mr. Schlatter. He held this position till 1757. For thirty-six years the Reformed in Pennsylvania and vicinity continued to re- ceive help from this fund, though in gradually decreasing amounts, till 1791. The highest amount sent over was about $2100 of our currency, in 1753. The moneys in England were obtained through the solicitations of Rev. Mr. Thompson, English minister in Amsterdam, and a member of that Classis. The Holland funds, in part at least, went through the London Society. As far as they were for the support of the gospel, they were dis- tributed through the Coetus ; as far as for the maintenance of free schools, they went through the trustees appointed for that purpose. When Mr. Schlatter returned to America, his general superintendency of the churches was continued by the Synod of Holland, while he also again took charge of his old congregation in Philadelphia. But a spirit of jealousy was excited against him on account of his powers. The enemies of the Free School scheme, also, did their utmost against him. Saur's newspaper was especially vehement. The Coetus, therefore — unjustly, no doubt — re- moved him from his general superintendency in 1757. He then accepted of u chaplaincy in the Royal American Regiment, which was about to proceed to Nova Scotia. He was present at the sieges of Halifax and Louisburg, which gave the death-blow to the dominion of the French in that part of America. " There," says Bancroft, " were the chaplains, who preached to the regiments of citizen-soldiers, a renewal of the days when Moses, with the rod of God in his hand, sent Joshua against Amalek." — Hist. U.S. iv. 300. After his return home he supported himself partly from his labors on a small farm on Chestnut Hill, named by him Sweetland, and partly from the perquisites of wedding fees, he almost monopolizing that bu-siness. He also preached at Barren Hill and Franklinville more or less frequently. He was driven into this retirement by the jealousy and opposition waged against him. The active usefulness of his life was compressed into the brief space of thirteen years. His earnest labors had only excited the ignorance and prejudice of those whom he would have benefited. The free schools, which he advocated, his enemies declared were meant for the enslavement of the Germans to the English. The people ignorantly believed, and lost the ser- vices of a most useful man. How similarly have the friends of intelligence and humanity been often served ! Shortly after the opening of the Revolution, he felt impelled to take the side of freedom. He had up to this time retained his chaplaincy in the Brit- ish army, but being now ordered for service, and declining, he was impris- oaed and his effects destroyed. He was, however, by some means soon re- leased. He lived in his declining years near his former home on Chestnut Hill. He was the intimate friend of Dr. Muhlenberg, who was the patriarch of the Lutheran Church for forty years. THE MIXISTKY. 437 Mr. Sclilatter was possessed of great pliysical health and mental Tigor. He had also a, cheerful disposition. In his old age his appearance -was very venerable. He was of lymphatic temperament and mild appearance ; of medium size and weight. His hair was bushy, and as white as snow, nicely parted, hanging down to his shoulders. He was always careful to present a genteel appearance. He entered with sympathetic joy into the cheerful spirit of the young. He was remarkably easy and friendly in his manners, and full of vivacity. He excelled in pure, innocent humor and wit. He was of a catholic spirit in reference to others, ever keeping him- self well informed of the general movements in the world, political and re- ligious. He was ever deeply interested in the" civil affairs of his adopted country. He had not the least particle of bigotry or sectarianism. He had the tact of organization in an eminent degree. His preaching was solid and instructive, though not eloquent or fascinating. His perseverance and in- dustry were untiring. — See Sclilatter'a interesting Life, hy Harhaugh, Phila- delpJda, 1857. (Reviewed in Bib. Sac. ss. 16.) Amst. Cor., many letters. Puhlieations : Gertrow verhaal van den waren toestand der meest her- derloozer gemeentens in Pennsylvanien en aangrensende provintien, voorge- Btelt en opdegraden met nederig versoek om hulpe en bystand aan de Synodens van Nederland, enz. Met eene aanpryzende voorrede van de Gecommitteerde der Classis van Amsterdam. 4to, pp. sxii. and 56. Am- sterdam, 1751 ; or, A true history of the real condition of the destitute con- gregations in Pennsylvania, by M. S., Evangel. Ref. Minister in Philadel- phia, addressed in the Dutch language to the very Rev. Christian Synods in the Xetherlands, and other charitable Christians ; and now translated into the German language by the author, and dedicated to the Hon. Eef. Magis- trates and Ministers of the Swiss Confederacy, together with an Introduction by the Commissioners of the Classis of Amsterdam, Feb. 6, 1753. (This work was soon afterward translated into English by Rev. Mr. Thompson, Eng. Eef. minister in Amsterdam, and distributed throughout Great Britain and Scotland, and it received very liberal responses.) This appeal, including Schlatter's interesting journal of his labors in Pennsylvania, are given in full by Harbaugh in his life of Schlatter. (Rar- BAUGH.) SCHLEGEL, Jacob. (From G.R. Ch.) ; X.Y.C., Ger. Evang. Ch., Av. B and 5th St., 1877— ScHLiEDBR, Feed. Ernst, b. at Gleina, Ger., 1838 ; N.B.S. 1865, lie. CI. N.B. 1865 ; Forreston, HI., Aug. 10, 1872— Schneeweiss, Franz M. N.B.S. 1855, 1, CI. N.B. 1855 ; New-Brunswick, 3d, 1855-8, w. c. ScHiTELLBJirDRUESSLBR, HERMAN FRANCIS FuED., b. in Prussia; Coll. Gymnasium of Gumbinnen, East-Prussia ; N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. S.T. 1855 : Albany ,4th, 1855-64, Chaplain 16th Reg. Heavy Artillery, U.S.V., 186J^6, Thumansville, (Callicoon,) 1866-8, Callicoon and Milesville, 1868-9, ^Yarren , 1869-70, w. c. Teaching. 438 THE MINISTEY. [Schneider, ' West, N. Carolina, 1780.] [Schneyder, Geo. W., applied for licensure to Gen. Meeting of Mina. and Elds., 1785, but was refused. (Mins. Gen. Syn. i, 133, 136.) Licensed and ordainSd by Ger. Coetus, 1785 ; Schoharie, 1785-8, Frederick, Md., 1788-9.] [Schnoor, (Snorr,) Casper Ludwig. Lancaster, Pa., 1744-6, Germantown, N.Y., 1746-9 (?)]— -4wi«<. Cor., several letters. Harlaugh's Lines, ii. 380. Schoeffer, J. D. Camp, 178.-98 (?), Schoharie, 1798 (?)-1819.] Schomp, Wm. WyckofE. R.C. 1876, N.B.S. 1879. Schoonmaker, Henricus, b. in Rochester, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1739, (son-in- law of J. H. Goetschius ;) studied under Goetschius, lie. by the American Classis, 1763 ; Poughkeepsie and Fishkill, 1763-74, Aquackanonck, 1774- 99, Belleville (S.S.) 1784-94, Aquackanonck and Totowa, 1799-1816, died 1820. He gave early indications of piety, under the short pastorate of Henricus Frelinghuysen, at Marbletown. He was a warm friend of the Coetus. When called to Fishkill and Poughkeepsie, he was strongly opposed by the Conferentie party, so much, indeed, that when the Coetus ministers assem- bled to ordain him, iu Poughkeepsie, they found the church in the posses- sion of his enemies, and barred against them. The committee, determined not to be frustrated, had a wagon placed under a large tree in front of the church, and the ordination sermon was preached thence, by John H. Goetschius of New-Paltz and Shawangunk, and on bended knees, in the wagon, the candidate received the laying on of hands. A young man, John H. Livingston by name, was present, and deeply interested in the whole scene, and said to one of the elders, at its conclusion, " Thank God, though the opponents have succeeded iu excluding him from the church, they have not succeeded in preventing his ordination." Mr. S. was greatly admired for his ardent piety and faithful ministerial labors. He was in his time the most eloquent and impressive speaker in the Dutch language in this country. Though meeting with much opposition from the Conferentie, his ministry was greatly blessed. He was contemporary, in his first field, though of opposite ecclesiastical sentiments, with the learned and polished llysdyck. After the death of Professor Meyer, of Pompton and Paterson, he was called to succeed him at the latter church, in conjunction with Aquackanonck. He could not preach well in English, and as the use of the Dutch language was declining in his first charges, and he was unwilling to injure his usefulness by awkward attempts at English preaching, he ac- cepted the call to New-Jersey, where the Dutch was yet in use. He re- sembled the celebrated Professor Eomeyn, being, like him, a Boanerges. His style was nervous, eloquent, and powerful. He was the last but one of the early ministers who continued to minister only in Dutch till the end of their lives. A warm friendship existed between him and Dr. Livingston, and he was one of the efficient organizers in the formative period of the Church.— /See Kip's Hist. Bis. Sprague's Annals. Ch. Int. vol. ii. 133. THE MINISTET. 439 Sclioonmaker, Jacob, b. at Aquackanonck, N. J., 1777, (s. of Henricus Sclioou- maker;) C.C. 1799, studied under Froeligli and Livingston, lie. CI. Para- mus, 1801; Jamaica and Newtown, 1802-49, Jamaica, 1849-50, d. 1853. Elected a trustee of Rutgers Coll. 1828. S.T.D. by D.C. 1831. He bad a fine portly frame, being six feet in biglit and in every way well proportioned. His countenance was expressive of benevolence, thougbtful- ness, and gravity, wbile his manners were dignified and gentlemanly. He was eminently fitted, intellectually, morally, socially, to be both popular and useful. He possessed an excellent judgment, and bis conclusions always evinced impartiality. Without being disingenuous, be was remark- ably discreet in his movements. He bad a benevolent spirit, and was ever on the lookout for doing good. While imdemonstrative, be was a true friend, and ever ready for any kindness within bis power. Considerate and accommodating, he was always ready to forgive. As a preacher, he was evangelical, logical, and instructive, and in every way an admirable specimen of n minister of the gospel.— /See Bev. G. I. OarreUon's Disc, at Quadragenian Anniversary of Salwonmaker at Jamaica, 1842. Sprague's Annals. Publications : Charge to Rev. Jas. Otterson. 1828. Mag. R.D.O. iii. 119. —Letter on Hist, of the Church. Mag. B.D.C. iv. 371.— Art. in Sprague's Annals on Rev. J. H. Goetschius. ' Schoonmaker, Martinus, b. at Rochester, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1737; read the classics under Goetschius, 1753-6, studied theology under Marinus, lie. 1765 ; Gravesend and Harlem, 1765-84, Flatbush, Brooklyn, New-TJtrecht, Flatlands, Bushwick, and Gravesend, 1784^1824, d. He married Mary Bassett, at Aquackanonck, in 1761. He was an ardent Whig in the Revolution. On his word and statement to the Congress in ses- sion at Harlem, a suspected Tory was liberated from arrest. He fixed bis residence at Flatbush when he took the charge of the churches in Kings County. His labors for his Master were very arduous, but he never fainted in the work. Few men have gone to the grave with a character more un- blemished, or who have been more universally respected and beloved. It is said he never had an enemy. He was of reserved and retiring habits, made more so from his unwillingness to converse in English, lest he should violate the rules of grammar. He preached only in Dutch. In this lan- guage he was fluent and ready, and by his manners and gestures displayed all the dignity suited to his office. Courteous and polite, he was a relic of the old school of Dutch domines. In his eightieth year, be said he could not complain of a single bodily infirmity — even his sight and hearing being perfect. — S. OnderdonJc. Suiplien's Disc. SCHOONMAKEK, Maktut T. TT.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, lie. by S. CI. L.l. 1843, East New-York, 1843-9, Walden, 1849— D.D. by R.C. 1877. Schoonmaker, Richabd Ludlow, (s. of Jacob Schoonmaker,) b. at Jamaica, L.I.; R.C. 1829,N.B.S. 1832 ; 1. Cl. L.L 1883 ; Waterford, 1833-5, (St. Augustine, Florida, 1835-6, Presb.;) Harlem, 1837-47, North-Hemp- 440 THE MINISTKY. Stead, 1847-53, Waterford, 1853-6, Amity, 1856-61, Eotterdam, 2d, 1861-71, chaplain at Sing-Sing Prisons, 1871-6, Greenville, 1876— PubHcations.—FviQ. ser. on death of Sarah J. Treadwell. 1851. Schroeder, A., from G.E. Ch. ; Hackensack, (Ger.,) 1864-9. - Schroepfer, Ernest, 1. CI. Westchester, 1851 ; Melrose, (Ger.,) 1855-61 ; to Lutheran GL, 1864. ' ScHULTS, Emanuel. L.I. City, Laurel Hill, 1878 — Schultz, Jacob I., b. at Khinebeck, 1793; U.C. 1818, N.B.S. 1816, L CI. N.B. 1816 ; Rockaway and Lebanon, 1816-34, Middlebush, 1834r-8, w. c. 1838-53, d. His mind, considered intellectually, was of a high order. The dignity of conscious power beamed from his eye, and discovered itself in all the duties which he was called to perform, drawing forth respect for his mental ability from all who sat under his ministry. His application to study was ii^dus- trious, his mind being as well furnished as it was naturally strong. Clear and at home on all subjects, he was at once the well-trained theologian and the pleasant and instructive companion. He magnified his oiEce, and was ever ready to minister in it. With the writings of the divines of the last age he was intimately acquainted ; for these authors he evinced the strong- est partiality, and a few moments' conversation with him was sufficient to disclose a mind highly cultivated in all the learning of the past. His diary,' of ten folio volumes, is in itself an abundant proof of his industry, while it affords a very instructive lesson of the fervency of spirit and love of souls which he cultivated in the service of the Church. Devout almost to a fault, and rigid almost to asceticism, he waa yet evan- gelical in his faith and humble in his hope. He was arduously faithful in his ministerial and pastoral labors, highly evangelical, and eminently useful, especially in his first charges. In his second charge, a mental malady showed itself, which, though not unfitting him for some employments, dis- qualified him from ministerial labors. An organic disease was increased by sedentary habits, and his mind became the prey of melancholy and gloomy forebodings. But while he suffered great anxiety about his spiritual state, it never induced him to relax his vigilance, to restrain prayer, or feel aught but the strongest attachment to the duties of religion. In prayer he was fervent and importunate ; indeed, prayer was his necessity and delight. Dur- ing his last year, he sufEered great bodily aflictions, but these were borne with patience and resignation. His end was trustful, though not triumph- ant. — Bev. J. A. Van Doren. Schultz, John Newton. E.C. 1889, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. N.B. 1843; Vander- veer, 1843-5, Battle Creek, 1855-7.— Presbyt. Schuneman, Johannes, b. at East-Camp, Aug. 18, (O.S.,) 1710, studied under T. Frelinghuyseu and Goetschius. I. CI. Amsterdam, Jan. 9, 1753 ; Cats- kill and Coxsackie, 1733-94, d. May 16. Also at Shawangunk and New- Paltz, 1753-4. NEW BRUNSWICK. 1813. THE JIINISTEY. 441 His fatlier, Herman, immigrated under the lead of Kocliertlial and company, 1708. [KocHERTHAi,.] He was deeply impressed, religiously, in early life, and under tlie instructions of Rev. Tlieodore Frelinghuysen, of Albany, was led to enter the ministry. On Xov. 12, 1751, he was invited to become the pastor of the churches of Catskill and Coxsacliie, provided he would go to Holland to prosecute his studies, and receive ecclesiastical orders. The church offered to defray his expenses. This proposition was made, altliongh the Coetus was in full operation. He went in 1753, and returned the fol- lowing year in August. His pastoral field, embracing two large congrega- tions, was very extensive and laborious. He was zealous, persevering and strong, physically, and for forty eventful years he preached the truth in that region. He was a short, corpulent man, and had a powerful voice, and his ministrations were eflfective. In ecclesiastical matters he sympathized with the friends of church independence, and naturally, therefore, also be- longed to the party of freedom in the Revolution. The interests of religion and politics were almost identical to his mind, and no one took a deeper interest in the success of political independence. He traversed the wilder- ness generally alone, between his churches, when he knew that his person was a coveted prize to the enemy. But he went in faith, and in preparation for defense. Domine Schuneman is the hero in Murdock's " Dutch Domine of the Catskills." He was also a physician. He was one of the original trustees of Queens College. — See Oh. Int. vol. ii. 107 ; alio Jan. 20, 187G. WM. ser. by Bet). G. H. Livingston. Amst. Cor. Doc. Mist. iii. 328, 333 ; v. 53. SpragiLe's Annals. Schureman, John, b. in New-Brunswick, Oct. 19, 1778; Q.C. 1795, studied under Livingston, lid. 1801 ; Bedminster, 1801-7, Hillsborough, 1807-9, New-Tork, 1809-11, Vice-Pres. of Rutgers Coll. 1811-18, New-Brunswick, 1813, Prof. Moral Phil, and Bel. Let. in Rutgers Coll. 1813-18, Prof. Ecc. Hist, in X.B. Sem. 1815-18, d. May 15. Elected a trustee of QC. 1800. A.M. by R.C. and C.N.J. 1801 ; S.T.D. by C.C. 1816. He was one of the worthies of our Church — a man greatly beloved and confided in. He had nothing very remarkable in his appearance or manner. A stranger on meeting or passing him would probably have thought or said, " There goes a sensible, kind-hearted, unpretending, humble man." His constitution of body was rather frail from his childhood, and needed care on his own part, and indulgence on the part of those to whom he minis- tered, to keep him at all in a proper condition for the pastoral work. When called to New-Toik, he sustained his reputation, and competed successfully with some of the most popular city ministers. He could not preach any thing but a solid, judicious discourse, logically arranged, and therefore lucid in every part, and symmetrical. In his style he was not strong or sparkling, but simple, clear, neat, direct. In manner not rapid, or fervid, or impas- sioned, but very distinct in his enunciation, just in emphasis, affectionate in tone, with not too much, but proper and rather graceful gesticulation, alto- gether making the impression of a man that felt in his own soul the power of the truth, and was desirous that his hearers should be profited by his 442 THE IIINISTEY. ministrations. His course was a stort one, though useful while and as long as it lasted. It was a melancholy day when the tidings came that Dr. S. was no more, and it was another melancholy day when those who loved him, (and they were many,) assembled to commit his remains to their long resting-place. Even the tolling bell was mute in mercy to the stricken, bereaved widow. The characteristics of the man, on only a short acquaint- ance, were amiability, solidity, and Christian discretion. These qualities showed themselves everywhere and at all times, in his family, among his pupils, and his people, when he had a pastoral charge, and in all his inter- course. If Dr. Schureman had shown himself harsh, selfish, frivolous, rash, every one that knew him would have been astonished with great as- tonishment. Such manifestations would have been thought foreign to the man. People would almost have thought that there was something like a temporary metempsychosis in the case. It is now nearly, if not quite, half a century since he passed away from among us, but we who survive him among his pupils still think of him with » mournful pleasure, and make powerful draughts upon memory, that we may recall all that is possible of Bach a man and such an instructor. — Sev. Dr. Gabriel Ludlow. Sprague's Annals. Berg's Bvang. Quarterly, ii. 112. Schuyler, Johannes. Schoharie, 1736-55, Hackensack, (2d,) and Schraalen- burgh, (2d,) 1755-66, Beaverdamand Schoharie, 1766-79, d. He was ordained by Erickzon and Haeghoort, by special permission of the Classis of Amsterdam. This permission was, perhaps, the immediate cause of the effort to secure a Coetusin the following year. Yet he became one of the conservative members of the Coetus, and after 1751 did not attend the meetings. His interest was growing cold, and in 1755 the anti- Coetus party of Curtenius at Hackensack called him to take the peculiar position of both colleague and opponent of Goetschius. He was censured by the Coetus for accepting this call without their consent and against their will. He thenceforth consorted with the Conferentie. The Col. Hist. viii. 551, calls him the Presbyterian minister at Schoharie. He seems to have continued at Hackensack ten years, and not three years only, as has been supposed. — Amst. Gar. Berg's Evang. Qucvrterly, ii. 112. Gunn'a Mem. of lAvingston, ed. 1856, p. 389. M.G.8. 1. pp. cxiii. cxxii. Schwedes, Franz E. N.B.S. 1855 ; New-Tork, (Ger.,) 1855, deposed. Schweitzer, Edward. S.S. Plainfield, {Ger.^ 1872. Schwilk, W. F., 1. CI. Schenectady, 1855 ; Schenectady, 1856-68, w. c. [Schwope, Benedict, near Baltimore, 1771. — Earhaugh's Lives, ii. 390.] [Schwum, , western North-Carolina, 178. .] Scott, Chs. B.C. 1844, teaching in South-Carolina, 1844-8; N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. N.B. 1851 ; Shawangunk, 1851-66, Prof, of Chemistry and Nat. Hist, in Hope Coll. 1866— ; Synodical Lector in Church History and Ch. THE MINISTRY. 443 Gov. at Hope College, 1867-77, Vice-President of Hope College, 1878— D.D. by U.N.y. 1875. Publications : Letters from " the Pine Land." Charleston (S.C.) Courier, 1846-7. — Articles in tlie Madison lfji&.) Visitor. — "Legend of Stone Moun- tain," etc. 1847-48.— Oration at Ailjen, S.C, July 4, 1848. Pub. in one of the Augusta papers. — Address before the Rutgers College Bible Society, 1850. Reported in N.T. City. — Contributions to tlie Christian Intelli- gencer, 1853-66. To tbe Sower, 1854^58. To Be Hope, 1874-76.-r-Communi- cations and letters in various secular papers of New-York, Kew-Jersey and Michigan ; among which, may be mentioned : " The Minisink Country, and its Original Purchase from the Delaware Indians." Newlmrgh Tele- graph, about 1857. " TJp the North River," and "Robinia." New-Brmis- wick Predonian, about 1858-59. — " The Original Manifesto of the Colden- ham Loyalists of 1775." Kingston Journal and other papers. "How the Union is to be Preserved." New-York Journal of Commerce, 1860. — "Letter to the 156th Regiment, N.T. Volunteers." New-Paltz Independent, 1863. "The Birth-Place of De Witt Clinton." Ellenmlle Journal, 1873. "The Dutch in the Revolution." Holland City News, May, 1876. — In the Transac- tions of the Ulster County Historical Society, four papers, viz.: " The Indian Forts of 1663," "The Origin and Meaning of Shawangunk," " The Crime, Trial, and Execution of a Negro Slave in 1741," " Ulster County and the Ex- pedition against Canada in 1746. — Three printed pamphlets, viz. : Farewell Sermon at Shawangunk, May, 1866. Pub. also in Ch. Int. Arguments for a Railroad through the Valley of the Wallkill, 1864. A Plea for a Railroad from Allegan to Holland, in Dutch, 1868. — Centennial Sermon No. xviii. in Cen- tennial Discs. — Manuscripts ready for the press : A Sermon on Moral Cour- age, preached before the Ulster County Temperance Society. The Semi- centennial History of the Ulster County Bible Society. History of the Township and Church of Shawangunk, 200 pages, 8vo. The Services of the Militia of Orange and Ulster Counties, in the Revolution, with Original Muster-rolls, Pay-rolls, Orders, etc. Memoir of Henry Wisner, a Delegate in ;the Continental Congress of 1775-76, and of his Powder Manufactory at Philipsburgh, N.T. Letters from the Classis of Amsterdam to the Coetus, 1763-70, with Translation and Notes. Semi-Centennial History of the Theo- logical Seminary of the Reformed Church at New-Brunswick, with Memoirs of its deceased Alumni and Professors. The Hardenbergh Family and Patent. — Also manuscripts furnished to the New-Tork Bureau of Military Statistics : A Partial Record of what was done in Ulster County during the War for the Union. Biographical Sketches of those who fell, as Volunteers, from the Town of Shawangunk. Scott, James, b. in Scotland, 1809 ; Universities of Glasgow and Belfast ; c. to America, 1832, 1. Presbyt. New-Tork, 1834 ; (German Valley and Fox HiU, Presbyt.,) lS34r-43, Newark, 1st, 1848-58, d. His mind was one fitted to impress and attract. The predominance of the Note.— Dr. Scott lost all Us books and papers in tlie great Are in Michigan, Oct. 9, 1871, and hence could not give all the dates of his publications with dcBniteness. 444 THE MINISTEY. imaginative faculties rendered his discourses very attractive and popular, especially to the young. His figures and illustrations rolled forth in a flood of pictures, and when he preached on special occasions, crowds attended him. In conversation he was distinguished for a, happy and extraordinary comhiijation of vivacity and charity. He was always courteous and friendly with all classes of persons. His life was one of eminent useful- ness. He was always glad to be employed in the service of others, and was thus continually engaged. Calls to attend at sick-beds and funerals, to advise and console, were always attended to with alacrity, and his sympathizing minietrations were of the most acceptable character. ^ He was conspicuous in many of the benevolent and public enterprises of the city in which he lived. He executed trusts for widows and orphans, en- couraged beginners in business, corresponded for journals at home and abroad, was sought for advice in matters of domestic and social relations, wrote letters for others^ and attended to all the minute details of social 'in- tercourse. In the judicatories of the Church he was always ready to attend to any duties. He gave himself devotedly to the duties of his pastoral charge, was dili- gent in visitation, conversation with the young, and individual exertion. He was peculiarly distinguished for his social sympathies. He loved the human mind and heajt. His imagination and poetical tastes led him to an enthusiastic love of nature. He loved to hear the human voice, and it was the sweetest music to him, and when uttered in tones of friendship and love, it was irresistible. He had withal a prudent reserve, and was only intimate and confidential with his family and the friends of his youth. He under- stood human nature well, and by adapting himself to it was able to impress, convince, and control. ^See Memorial, containing sermons hy Drs. O. Abeel, McKee, and Murdoch. ■ Publications : Life of Eev. Eobt. Pollock. 13 mo, pp. 364. N. Y., 1848.— An Epic Poem. On this he had been long engaged. It had but recently been finished when he died. He left directions for its publication. ScuiBNER, John M. U.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1886, 1. CI. of Ulster, 1836 ; Scho- harie, 1836-9, Walden, 1839-43, Prin. Female Sem., Auburn, 1842-4, Prin. Female Sem., Rochester, 1844-6, supplied Schoharie Mt. and North-Blen- heim, 1847-8, w. c. — Puhlications : The Ready Reckoner. ScuDDER, EzKKiEL Caeman, (s. of John Scudder,) b. 1828 in Pandeteripo, Ceylon; W.R.C. 1850, N.B.S. 1855,1. Ci. N.B. 1855; voyage to India, Oct. 1855, March, 1856, Chittoor, 1856-9, supplied Palamanair, 1859-60, Chittoor, Jan. 1861-3, Vellore, 1862-8, also supplied Kundipatoor, 1866-8, Sakadu and Kattupadi, 1867-8 ; voyage to America, March-Sept. 1868 ; in America, 1868-70, voyage to India, autumn of 1870, Arnee, 1870-6, Vellore, 1873-6, voyage to America, Apr^Sept. 1876; S.S. Upper Red Hook, Sept. 1877-8, Sept ; pastor, 1878— M. D. THE MTNISTET. 445 Publications: Village Work. In Manual of MUsions B.C. A. — Many let- ters in the papers on mission work in India. Scndder, Henry M., (s. of Jolin Scudder,) b. at Pandeteripo, Ceylon, Feb. 5, 1833 ; N.T.U. 1840, U.S. 1843, supplied New-Hoclielle, 1843, ord. by Presbyt. Nov. 13, 1843, voyage to India, 1844, Madura, 1844-6, Madras, 1846-50, Arcot, 1850-3, Vellore, 1853-7, voyage to America, Sept. 1857-Ap. 1858, in America, 1858-60, voyage to India, May-Dec. 1860, visit- ing Switzerland on tbe way ; Coonoor, 1860-4, Ootacamund, 1864 ; voy- age to America, June-Oct. 1864 ; Jersey City, 1st, 1865, [San Francisco, Cal., Presbyt., 1865-71, Brooklyn, Central Congregational, 1871—] M.D., D.D. Publications : Address at Anniversary Am. Tract Soc. 1860. — Liturgy of E.P.D.C. in Tamil. Madras, 1863. — The Bazaar Book, or Vernacular Preach- ers' Companion. In Tamil. 8vo. Madras, 1865 — Sweet Savors of Divine Truth. In Tamil. Madras, 1868. (This is a Christian Catechism, with Decalogue, Creeds, Prayers, etc.) — Spiritual Teaching. In Tamil. Madras, 1870. — A Sermon on "The Coming of Christ." In Pulpit and Sostrum, vol. i. — A Sermon at 65th Anniversary of A.B.C.F.M. 1874. [His son John Lewis Scudder, b. in Madras Presidency, India, 1853 ; T.C. 1874, D.S. 1877, lie. by Manhattan Assoc, Brooklyn, 1877, ord. Worcester Cent. Conf., Mass., 1877 ; Shrewsbury, Mass., Cong., 1877—] ScuDDEK, Jaked W., (s. of John Scudder.) W.R.C. 1850, ^T.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. X.B. 1855 ; voyage to India, Oct. 1855-MaTch, 1856, Arnee, 1856-9, voyage to England, Dec. 1859-March, 1860, voyage to America, 1860, voy- age to India, May-Sept. 1863, Chittoor, 1863-75, in America, 1875-8, voy- age to India, 1878, Chittoor, 1878— M.D. Publications : Translation from the Tamil of Rev. H. M. Scudder's " Spir- itual Teaching," Madras, 1870 ; also of his Bazaar Book ; 18 Tracts. — Hist. Sketch of the Arcot Mission. In Manual of Missions. — He is also a, mem- ber of Committee for revision of Tamil translation of the Bible. Scudder, John, b. at Freehold, X.J., Sept. 3, 1793; C.N.J. 1811, Coll. of Phy- sicians and Surgeons, N.T.C., 1815 ; practicing medicine in N.Y.C. 1815- 19 ; voyage to India, under A.B.C.F.M., (sailing from Boston and arriving at Tillipally,) June 8-Dec. 1819 ; labored as a minister and physician in Ceylon, Feb. 1830-May, 1831 ; ordained May 15, 1831, in a Wesleyan Chapel at Jaffnapalam, by Congregationalists, Baptists, and Methodists. Pandeteripo, Ceylon, 1831-36, Madras, 1836-41, the Neilgherry Hills, 1841-3, wyage to America, Jan.-Aug. 1843, in America, 1843-6, voyage to India, July-Nov. 1846, Madura, 1846-8, Madras, 1848-54, voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, 1854, died at Wynberg, South-Africa, Jan. 13, 1855. M.D. ; D.D. He chose the medical profession, and studied with Dr. Samuel Forman, of Freehold, N.J. He afterward settled m New-Tork, where he had previously been house-surgeon of the City Hospital. He had united with the old Ten- 446 THE irlNISTEY. nant Presbyterian Churoli in Preeliold, Oct. 13, 1810, under tbe ministry of Rev. Joliu Woodhull, and now transferred liis relations to Father Bork's cliurch in Franklin Street. He Ijecaine at once an active member, laboring assiduously in various ways for the cause of Christ. Long was his earnest- ness of spirit and fidelity to his Master remembered by that people. He was prominent in originating prayer-meetings, kindly exhorting in private intercourse, and lending his influence to every plan of doing good. While here, engaged in his profession, the claims of the heathen were brought vividly before his mind in a peculiar manner. In professional attendance on a lady, while in the ante-room, he took up a tract whose title was, " The Conversion of the World, or the Claims of Six Hundred Millions, and the Ability and Duty of the Churches Respecting them." This ripened convic- tions often felt before, and he resolved to ofEer his services to the American Board, and, if accepted, at once prepare for the work. He had at this time an extensive, lucrative, and increasing practice. After his connection with the Church, he passed through a spiritual con- flict of no ordinary kind. He waa most severely tried. Satan seemed to have been let loose upon him. Faith and its foundations seemed gone for- ever. He was in an agony to believe, but could nbt. He doubted of all things, yea, even of his own existence. Hope died within him, and despair spread her pall over him. Every star went out in his sky. Satan and his legions assailed him on every side. He felt the flap of their demon wings, and was poisoned by their blasphemous breath. Horrid thoughts which could never be uttered by mortal man crowded thick and fast upon him. His heart was like a sepulchre full of specters. The terrors of hell rolled like quickly succeeding billows over him, and he scarce got breath between. For many months he ventured not to the communion-table. Yet in the roar and darkness of that fearful tempest, above that ocean of anguish, there stood an unseen form— the Holy One, the Crucified— who caused that gasp- ing soul in all its blind struggles to come nearer and nearer to himself. He had once seen the cross ; he had once been near it, and experienced its par- doning and sanctifying power, and it was still the magnet of his soul. He kept his eyes on that point of the spiritual horizon where he had seen it fade from view, and he never turned them elsewhere. When God had suffi- ciently shown him Satan's power, and his own weakness ; when he had bruised, and broken, and humbled him— then again he flooded his sky with the light of the Sun of Righteousness. Satan shrank away. Peace spread •out her wings over hia weary heart, and the foretaste of hell's agonies was changed into an autepast of heaven. While the storm raged, God fastened him to the Rock of Ages, as he had never been fastened to it before. As the surge was sweeping him away, grace guided it near the cross, of which he had lost sight, and he got a death-grip of it, which nothing ever after could loosen. He came out of those conflicts like gold out of the fire. He began with calm joy to climb the Delectable Mountains, and from that time^he dwelt mostly on their happy summits. These trials eminently prepared him to encounter the difficulties of the neVly developing missionary work. He was to meet none so great as those he had already overcome, and he was THE MINISTEY. 447 tbrnst forth a ■well-equipped and experienced warrior, to carry tlie battle ■with an intrepid spirit into the heart of Satan's territories — even to the grim frowning -walls of one of his oldest and strongest fortresses, Hiudooatau. God thus prepared him, and then he called him to the mission field. Mr. Newell had begun a mission in Ceylon in 1812, and in 1816 five new missionaries joined him, namely, Meigs, Richards, Warren, Bardwell, and Poor. But in two years, through death and sickness compelling a change of climate, Messrs. Poor and Meigs were left the only missionaries on the island. In June, 1819, Messrs. Winslow, Spaulding, Woodward, and Scud- der were sent to re-enforce them. They went by the way of Calcutta, and were at their station in February, 1830. In 1822, the plan of a college was drawn up, and soon put in successful operation. Early in 1824 a general revival was enjoyed, the convictions of sin and the need of salvation appearing as deeply as ever in a Christian land. In Dr. Scndder's field, the boys of the school, on returning to their rooms, could not sleep. Between thirty and forty of them went out into the garden, where they were heard in supplication, weeping and asking, " What shall I do to be saved ?" and ' ' Lord, send tby Spirit \" Of this company, twenty soon gave evidences of a saving change. Similar scenes occurred at the other stations. The success of the Ceylon Mission was wonderful. (See the Cyclopedia of Mis- sions.) In 1836 it was thought advisable to establish a, printing-press at Madras, to issue the Scriptures and tracts in the Tamil language. To accomplish this, a mission was started there under the care of Messrs. Winslow and Scudder. The latter took up his residence at Chintadrepettah. The establishing of a press was consummated under unusually favorable circum- stances, a large printing establishment, fully equipped, of the Church Missionary Society falling into their possession in 1838. The first year they printed 6,000,000 of pages of Scripture and tracts, increasing the number in subsequent years. The missionaries itinerated far into the interior, scatter- ing the truth, and several regular preaching stations were soon established- These were the germs of the Aicot Mission. It was received under the American Board in 1852. Dr. Scudder's physical frame was strong, tall, and well proportioned. In his youth he was thin and sinewy, but in later life grew stout and portly. He had a firm, sound constitution, but latterly much shaken and shattered by labors and exposures. Has prominent and striking features, his correct bearing and commanding appearance, certified you at a single glance that he was a MAX He had a strong mind. It chiefly resembled the rugged, outstanding mountain, and yet it had characteristics which reminded you likewise of the gentle stream, flowing sweetly through the valley below. There were great natural forces in his intellect. He investigated those subjects which lay within the sphere of his work. On them he concentrated his power, caring little for such as lay beyond. He was a vigorous, able thinker. He thought out his conclusions in straight lines of his own, knowing nothing of circuitous approaches. Minor positions he left for others, himself content to seize upon each important citadel, imtil he became master of the country. 4.48 THE MINISTET. Whenever he took part in a disdHssion, or treated a subject, all, no matter ■who might be present, were constrained to feel the native strength, and acknowledge the majestic stride of his mind. Many excelled him in length and breadth of information, and in acquaintance with the writings of others, but few could gainsay or withstand his plain, straightforward logic. If he moved in a, narrower circle than others, it was like the tread of a giant athlete, within his own chosen arena, compared with the gazing children who had come from their sports over a wide plain. He had decision of character. His outward countenance was the truthful index of the inward mental structure. There was nothing facile in him. He could be depended upon in any emergency. Convicted of an error, none would be more ready than he to confess and abandon it ; but when he had conscientiously taken up his ground, earth and hell could not move him. He climbed up the hills and sought for light, and from that elevation he gazed and gazed, till he saw the path of duty opening out before him, and then, girding his loins, descended to enter it without hesitation, whatever it might be. Hinderances were not heeded, nor consequences contemplated. Having once heard the word, saying, " Tliis is the way, walk you in it," his soul summoned all its powers into one glowing response, " I will." His thought and expression were of a, peculiarly decisive cast where evil was concerned. He was endowed with perseverance. Whatever he undertook, he steadily pursued. He never relaxed his hold upon an object, nor retreated from a course which he believed to be right. Days and months and years might pass over him, but they found him still cleaving to his purpose. Harassing trials might encompass him, but they could not drive him from his design. This trait was forcibly exhibited in his unremitting labors as a street- preacher. Apathy, ridicule, scorn, abuse, blasphemy, blows, stonings, physical languor, the natural shrinking of the spirit, and many other causes combined, could not force him to succumb in a single instance. That was his Lord's work, and must be accomplished statedly and perseveringly. He was capable of endurance, and willing to suffer. He seldom spoke of pain, however severe. He had power to bear it. Fixedness of feature alone revealed it. Pain came in the course of a kind Father's providence, and was therefore to be borne with quietness. Many years ago a cancer appeared in his foot. Without telling even his wife what he was about to do, he shut himself up in a room with a servant, and dissected out the malignant growth. He only just made out to get through with it, but he did it without flinching. Christ's sufferings were much in his mind. He was pleased to suffer for Christ's sake. He left opening prospects of wealth in a lucrative practice in New-York, and went where his constitution was racked with jungle fever, and not only did he not repine, but expressed Ms satisfaction with his course. He was both stern and tender. Wherever principles were at stake, he was rigid and unyielding. Men of unsettled views and loose practice thought him severe. But though stern in matters of right and wrong, he had a warm, kind heart, possessing deep fountains .of tenderness and over- flowing affection. He loved with the full energy of his spirit. Though a THE MIXISTET. 449 strict diseipUnarian in liis family, liia children, if they wished a favor, •would often seek it of him, even sooner than of a fond mother. His eyes, from which personal suffering could extort no moisture, often ran with tears when Jesus' dying love was the theme of thought and conversation. At sacramental occasions his whole soul seemed to melt away at the foot of the cross. He was courageous. Hell had once been his fear. That dread was now gone, and he feared nothing. It is dangerous for a missionary to enter the great temples in southern India during their festival days. They can claim no protection from Government there. Nevertheless, he went in one and became involved in the throng which fills, on such occasions, those vast edifices. He could not find the way out again, and was obliged to wait till midnight, when he followed the procession, which at that time left the temple. Any one might have killed him there, and the murderer never Lave been known. On one of his tours, an immense crowd having collected, a band of fierce Mussulmans demanded books of the handyman who was employed by him to transport tracts, and when refused, one of them advanced, handling a club, with which he, supported by his angry companions, would no doubt have killed them both. With admirable self-possession Dr. S. ran up to him, and, stroking his beard, exclaimed, " My brother, my brother." This token of oriental obeisance appeased his wrath, and quiet was restored. Yet so imminent had been the danger that the saliva in his mouth dried up instantly, leaving it parched as if from long thirst. While decided in his own views, he was a man of liberal spirit. He had not an iota of bigotry in him. He refused to exalt the non-essentials of religion to a position subversive of charity and fellowship. He was entirely devoted to Christ. Every thing was subordinated to this, was literally swallowed up in it. His eye was single. All the strong feelings of his strong nature were concentrated in the holy passion of love to Christ. Ho loved the Saviour, profoundly, tenderly, wholly. His was no.half-conse- cration. Jesus was the beginning, the middle, and the end of his life. An hour and a half at early morn, and an hour at night, were always sacred to reading the Bible, meditation, prayer, and praise. At these times he studied the Bible in connection with the marginal references. At noon he read the Bible regularly in course. Every Friday till mid-day was set apart as a special season for fasting and prayer. Toward the latter part of his life, physical necessities compelled him to eat a little. His heart was indeed a shrine from which a cloud of incense was always going up. Prayer, moreover, was no task to him, but the irrepressible instinct of his new-born nature. He told one of his sons that his ambition was to be one of the inner circle around Jesus in heaven. For years he had no doubt of his salvation. Perfect assurance, like a river of God, rolled its calm, fertilizing volume along the course of every thought and passion. Sacred music, vocal or instrumental, and often extempore hymns, were his delight. He read but few books besides the Bible. The Vicar of Wakefield was the only novel he ever read. He laid great stress on meditation. This he felt to be the food of the soul, and much of his devotions consisted of prayerful musings upon the Divine Word. The Bible was his counselor. Man was in no 39 450 THE IXINISTEY. sense Lis teaclier. His mind was not constituted to bow to the opinions of men ; but to tlie declarations of the Bible he bowed like a little child. His study of and attachment to the Bible was one of the most observable traits of his life. When about to go forth to engage in some duty, often the last thing he did was to open the Bible and catch some precious promise or stir- ring exhortation wherewith to gird himself. He was a happy man. His zeal was no flickering flame, no smoking wick, but a beam from the throne of God, shining through him upon the earth. God's work was al- ways revived within him. He never unbuckled his armor, nor slept at his post. Jesus was his watchword. He wrote it on the banner which he car- ried high before him, with a strong arm. His diligent labors among the children, when in America in search of health, that he might impress on their hearts the need of the world's evangelization, seemed to others too much for his strength. A gentleman said to him that he should consult his conscience lest he should overwork himself. He replied, he had "quashed conscience of tJutt sort long ago." He made it a constant practice to speak to all those in whose company he was thrown about their souls. Whether coolie, hawker, servant, stranger, or friend, black or white, child or adult, rich or poor, he spake to all of Jesus and the great salvation. Even those who were on their guard against him could seldom outwit him, or foil him in his design. An English lady, high in rank and influence, called on him, and her daughter, having heard of Dr. Scudder's habits, determined not to see him, and remained in the car- riage ; but he managed with politeness and kindness to have a brief inter- view with her and tell the way of life. It was also his custom to have one or more unconverted persons as objects of special, continued prayer. To such persons he would sometimes write earnestly and solemnly, beseeching them to turn to the Lord, and declaring his intention to pray daily for them until a certain season, after which he should cease from such particular ef- fort. God made him the means of many conversions. His tract, " Knocking at the Door," has been much blessed. He had the true spirit of a reformer. What he saw to be wrong, he struck at with no uncertain blow ; nothing could abash or intimidate him. Derision, threats, and the et cetera of opposition, whether individual or or- ganized, fell like snow-flakes on his iron armor. When he came to India, missionaries drank wine. He drank it himself. But as soon as the trum- pet-clang of teetotalism smote across the ocean on his ears, he stopped, examined the subject, decided that total abstinence was the only rational and righteous course, and he dashed the wine-cup from his table forever. He encountered a determined hostility, but he wavered not, and rested not, till he established teetotalism in his mission. When he was sent with an- other missionary to form the Madras Mission, he assailed the whole com- munity with Ms teetotal enginery. He was immediately made the object of virulent attacks from every quarter. Professing Christians and world- lings joined in the hue and cry ; a caricature, purporting to be a description of his death and funeral obsequies, appeared in one of the English news- papers. Some persons even threatened to tar and feather him, and ride him on a rail. Here also he steadily persevered. In a journal which he had THE MINISTET. 451 established, lie gave his adversaries harder knocks than they had bestowed on him, turned the tables upon them, routed them from their refuges of lies, and founded a flourishing teetotal society. Again, when the question of caMe in the Christian Church was mooted, he studied it thoroughly, and put his hand vigorously to the extirpation of caste, root and branch. He was then a member of the Madura Mission. He said that"casi6 was the mightiest obstacle to the progress of the gospel ; that it was a monster that defied description, worse than idolatry itself." Led by him they threw off this enemy which was feeding on their very vitals, and from that day the course of that mission has been upward and prosperous. He inquired not it there were many or few on his side, but when satisfied of the right, he marched on, as though the world were with him. He was never disheartened. When asked in America, " What are the discouragements of the missionary work ?" he answered, " I do not know the word. I long ago erased it from my vocabulary. " Nothing could cast him down. His obedience and hopes, being based on the command and promise of the Lord, did not fluctuate with exterior events. Here was the command, " Preach the gospel to every creature." Here likewise was the promise, " My word shall not return unto me void." These furnished him with im- movable foundations. Upon these he stood, and no opposition, however malignant and protracted, no exhibition of the human heart, however appal- ling, no obstacle, however formidable, no reverses, however heart-rending, could dismay him. His work was to bear the precious seed, with weeping and prayer, and the rest was the Master's work. He religiously appropri- ated a tenth of his annual income for the Lord's use. The praise of men never entered into his mind as a motive of action. Ob- loquy could not oppress nor applause elate him. The esteem and love of men were not desirable to him, if conditional on even the slightest conces- sion of principle or practice on his part. The Saviour's approval was his aim. Beyond that he seemed not to have a thought. Almost every large town in the south-eastern part of Hindoostan heard the gospel from his lips. His tours were many and extensive. He once stood eleven consecutive hours, when on a tour, at his post. He did not stop even to eat, but had coffee brought to him. It was his habit when thus standing to lean on his left arm, and it was supposed by his medical advi- sers that this was the cause of its becoming paralyzed. When he left India to visit America, it hung motionless by his side. He recovered its use on the voyage. After he had become unable to itinerate, he preached twice daily, in Madras, only excepting Friday morning, his fast day. When he heard that his son Samuel, whom he expected shortly to join him, was dead, he resolved to make up Samuel's loss by extra work, especially since so few missionaries came to India. This excessive labor soon brought on his first serious illness. He subsequently preached twice daily, but his failing strength soon compelled him to lessen his labors, and ultimately to take a voyage to the Cape of Good Hope. The voyage and change seemed greatly to benefit him. He endeared himself to the colonists there by frequent services. He had taken passage, and was on the eve of embarking again for India, when he was suddenly stricken down by apoplexy and died. — Ex- 452 THE MIKISTKY. , tracts from a letter of Rev. Dr. H. M. Seudder. Sea Life of Dr. John Scud- der, Tyy Bev. Dr. Wateriury. Sprague's Annals. PtCblications : A Voice from the East ; being a series of letters to the chil- dren of R.D.C.— Grandpapa's Talk with Little Mary. 2 vols. 18mo.— The Redeemer's Last Command. — The Harvest Perishing. — An Appeal to Mothers. — Kpocking at the Door. — Passing over Jordan. 1841. — Letters to Children on Missionary Subjects. — Communications of Dr. Seudder, scat- tered through thirty-five volumes of the Missionary Herald, 1820-55. — An Earnest Appeal to Physicians. 1833. — Letters in Christian Intelligencer. — Tales about the Heathen. — Journal (in part) and some letters in Waterbury's Memoir of. ScuDDEE, John, (s. of John Seudder,) b. in Ceylon, 1835 ; E.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, lie. and ord. CI. N.Y. Hay, 1860 ; voyage to India, March-June, 1861, Chittoor, 1861-3, Arcot and Arnee, 1863, Palamanair, 1865-6, Arcot, 1865-74, Gnanodiam, 1874^-6, Arnee and Vellore, 1876-8, in America, 1878— M.D. Seudder, Joseph, (a. of John Seudder ;) B.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. N.Y. 1851 ; voyage to India, 1851-3, Arcot and Arnee, 1853-56, attending his father in his voyage to Cape of Good Hope, 1855-6 ; Coonoor, 1856-9, voy- age to England, Dec., 1859-Mareh, 1860, voyage to America, 1860, Chaplain in Union army, 1861, Chaplain at Fort Columbus, Governor's Island, 1861-3, Sec. Am. and For. Ch. Union, 1868-70, in service of Eef. Ch. Bd. For. Miss., Feb. 1871-3, Feb.; Qlenham, 1873-5, Upper Bed Hook, 1875-0, d. Nov. 31. M.D. He shared fully in the enthusiasm of his parents and brothers in the great Vfork of foreign missions, to which they have all devoted the best of their lives. He was ardent, impulsive, energetic, and industrious, a man of feel- ing and a man of action; and above all "a man of God." His impaired health was a constant restraint upon a spirit that panted for constant ser- vice, and only a strong will, with God's grace, enabled him to accomplish much of what he did in long years of feebleness. Twenty -five years in the ministry, of which about fifteen were spent in India, and much of the re- mainder in mission labors for our own and other lands, make a record of usefulness which will long bear precious fruits. Dr. Seudder was an effective speaker, possessed of large and varied attain- ments, and of a natural eloquence which he often used with power. His wife published " Captain Waltham ;" a truthful presentation of work done by members of the Arcot Mission. Seudder, Samuel D.,(s. of J. Seudder,) b. in Ceylon, 1837; B.C. 1847, N.B.S. d. Nov. 14, 1849. Seudder, Silas D., (s. of John Seudder ;) b. in Ceylon Nov. 6, 1833; B.C. 1860 ; voyage to India, Feb.-May, 1860 ; went as a physician ; 1 CI. Arcot, 1862 ; Arnee, 1862-3, Palamanair, 1863-5, Coonoor, 1864, in charge of the Dis- pensary in Arcot, 1865-73, in Europe, 1873, in America, 1874, died Dec. 1877. M.D. He became a Christian and a missionary by the power of prayer. The THE MISTISTET. 453 burden of tlie supplications of liis parents and brotliers, was, "Make him a Christian and make him a missionary." He knew that, but he was unwill- ing to be a missionary. He desired to be a physician in New- York City. So he resisted. But whatever he did, and wherever he went, he was begirt and beset by prayer. At last he yielded to the Spirit of God. He was associated with Dr. Simms, then engaged in founding what has become the Woman's Hospital. His prospects were bright and alluring. He was on the high road to honor and wealth. He turned his back on this and went to India as a missionary. He established a, hospital and dispensary at Arcot. At first opposition was encountered. It was difBcult to obtam a building. But the work finally commended itself, and the confidence of the English officials was won. They gave over to the institution a noble build- ing and ample grounds, with outbuildings in which patients of different castes could be treated separately. Probably no missionary medical work in all India was so generously provided for. The government made an annual appropriation toward the current expenses. Many English residents made annual contributions. Lord ISTapier, the Governor of the Madras Presidency, was among the regular subscribers to the treasury. When Mr. Seward visited India, Lord Napier conducted him to this hospital and dispensary as oue of the chief objects of interest in his Presidency. Many thousands of Hindoos sought the benefits of the treatment granted gratuitously. One hundred or more patients were treated every day. Dr. Scudder worked with untiring industry, with great spirit and vigor. Rising at daylight, he took a cup of coffee and a bit of bread, and then walked to the dispensary. Frequently he was unable to return to his breakfast before eleven o'clock A large outdoor practice was skillfully and faithfully attended to. The English residents, the high caste natives, and those able to pay for his ser- vices, called him to their houses. High caste ladies placed themselves under his treatment. To the attendants at the dispensary and hospital he expounded the Scriptures, and declared the doctrines of eternal life. He disliked it extremely. He was a doctor, not a preacher. He went to India to do and not to talk. The patients coming to the dispensary were attended by their friends, and so the audience was usually a large one. He conquered his reluctance and talked to them. The work had a marked effect on the millions of people to whom the mission sought to minister. Antipathies, oppositions, hostility were softened and removed. Eyes that once glared fiercely on the missionary preachers, now had a friendly, kindly look. The patients came from homes for forty miles around. They returned to tell of the Christian love and Christian instruction they had received. The treat- ment was very successful ; very few of the patienis died, many were de- cidedly relieved, the large majority were cured. The physician stood alone. There was no one to consult with, except occasionally, when Dr. John Scud- der was present. A class of medical students was also taught. Some of them are now successful practitioners. Tbe work was done without osten- tation ; no noise was^ made about it. The Board at home pleaded for at least a quarterly report. The answer was that there was nothing to write about. It was nothing to him, the physician, but it was a great thing to 454 THE MIinSTEY. the mission, and tlie Board, and tlie Cliurcli, and it was every tiling, even life or death, to the patients. The record speaks for itself. Dr. Silas D. Scudder was in India nearly thirteen years. When his health was broken apparently beyond mending, he turned away from his work and came home to die. He never recovered from the injuries received from overwork, from a tropical sun and malarious climate. — See Beports of the Areot Dispensary. Scudder, Wm. Waterbury, (s. of John Scudder,) b. at Pandeteripo, Ceylon, 1823; C.N.J. 1841, P.S. 1845, lie. by Presbyt. Elizabeth, N.J., 1845 ; ord. Presbt. Elizabeth, N.J., July 14, 1846 ; voyage to India, Nov. 1846-7, Feb. ; Batticotta, Chavagacherry, and Manepy, Ceylon, 1847-51, voyage to America, 1851, to India, 1853, Arcot and Chittoor, 1852-6, voyage to America, Dec. 1856-7, Mar.; in America, 1857-8, voyage to India, Dec. 1858-9, Ap.; Chittoor, 1859-61, Vellore, 1861-71, in charge of Arcot Sem., 1864^71, voyage to America -Aug. 1872 ; [Glastonbury, Ct. 1st Cong. Ch., Dec. 17, 1873—] M.D. Searle, Jeremiah, b. at Atkinson, N.H., Apr. 19, 1795 ; Bowdoin and U.C. 1821, studied theology under Prof. Andrew Tates ; 1. Cong. Assoc. Ver- mont, 1823, Miss, at Princetown, N.Y., six months ; ord. CI. Albany, 1823, Rotterdam, 1st and 3d, 1823-5, Coxsackie, 1st, 1825-51, Keyport, 1851-8, Fallsburgh, 1853-61, d. May 38. He was descended from a long line of Christian ancestors. In every generation, as far back as 1693, when Rev. Wm. Searle was preaching in Bradford, Eng., was at least one minister of the gospel. He was also son- in-law of the Rev. Jac. Tomb, for many years pastor of a Presbyterian church, Salem, N.Y. The teachings of his godly parents resulted, through the Holy Spirit, in his mind being early impressed with the importance of per- sonal religion, and his heart subdued to the love of Christ, so that the nat- urally joyous and kindly temperament, which was a life-long characteristic, had the added charm which flowed from the controlling power of Christian principle. During his college course he made himself useful in visiting places about Schenectady, and for the last year, wliile maintaining a very creditable standing in his academic studies, he pursued the study of theology, and regularly conducted Sabbath services at a school-house in Rotterdam, which resulted in a revival of religion and the organization of a church, over which he was installed as pastor. In the church of Coxsackie he labored for more than a quarter of a century. The territory embraced in the con- gregation at the time of his settlement there was about twelve miles square. It was his custom, besides holding three services on Sabbath, to preach dur- ing the week in various school-districts, an^ he frequently filled four such appointments in a single week. He was greatly blessed in his efforts to win souls to Christ. Several revivals of religion resulted from his ministry in this field, and though nine churches were organized within the bounds of his original parish during his pastorate, he left the church in 1851 with a larger membership than he found at his settlement. At Fallsburgh, his last charge, his diligence and activity were rewarded THE jmrtSTRY. 455 by an extensive revival, by wliicli seventy persona were brougbt into tlie cburcli. Robust in body and cheerful in mind, bis face wore an babitual Bmile. The most adverse denominations respected and loved him. As a preacher, he was a man of diligent study, careful preparation, and a solemn, earnest delivery. His sermons contained the results of various reading, much reflection, and deep Christian experience. Searie, Jeremiah, (s. of Jer. Searle;) E.C. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. Monmouth, 1858 ; Bloomingburgh, 1858-62, Chap. 144th Eeg. N.Y.S.V. 1863-3, Oyster Bay, 1863-6, Syracuse, 1868-8, Albany, 3d, 1868-71, Peelisliill, 1871-3, pSTewburgh, Presb., 1873—] Seable, John Pkestoit, (s. of S. T. Searle,) b. at Schuylerville, X.T., 1854 ; R.C. 1875, X.B.S. 1878 ; lie. CI. Passaic; Griggstown, 1878— Seakle, Samuel Tomb, (s. of Jer. Searle),b. at Salem, N.T., 1825 ; IT.C. t845, X.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. of Greene, 1848 ; Tiossiocli, 1848-50, Saratoga, 1850-57, Leeds, 1857-69, WyckofE, 1869— Seaele, Stephen, (s. of Jer. Searle;) TJ.C. 1850, K.B.S. 1853, 1. CI. N.B. 1853 ; Mamaliating, 1853-9, Griggstown, 1859-73, Caatsban, 1874— Seaes, Jacob C, b. at Montgomery, X.T., 1798 ; TJ.C. 1821, X.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. N.B. 1824; Miss, to Spring Garden, Philadelphia, 1824, Spring Garden, 1st, . (or PhUadelphia, 2d, Eighth St. ,) 1825-83, Sis Mile Run, 1833— Emeritus, 1878. D.D. Seeking, Aead J., b. at Ovid, N.T.; E.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. Geneva, 1862, Mellenville, 1862— Seeking, Elbert Nbvius, b. at Ovid, N.T. ; E.C. 1862, X.B.S. 1865, 1. CI. Geneva, 1865 ; Ghent, 2d, 1865-73, Fairfield, 1873-7, Prattsville, 1877— See, Isaac M. E.C. 1849, N.B.S. 1852, 1. CI. N.T. 1853 ; Middleburgh, 1852-4, Mt. Vernon, 1854r-64, Mt. Pleasant, 50th St., N.T.C., 1864-7, Miss, to Pali- sades, 1868-73, [Newark, Presbyi, 1873-8, Independent.] Publieations : Eest of Faith. 1871. — Zion, the Sunny Mount ; A monthly. 1876. See, John Limburgee, b. N.T.C. 1823 ; E.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1844,1. CI. N.T. 1844 ; Kiskatom, 1847-50, Unionville, 1850-53, tJnionville and Greenburgh, 1853-4, Miss, in Bufialo, 1854-5, Buffalo, 1st, 1855-61, Cor. Sec. Bd. Edu- cation, 1861— D.D. by E.C. 1865. Publications : Reports of Bd. Ed., 1861, to the present time. — Digest of Laws of Gen. Syn. 1869. See, Wm. G. E., b. in N.T.C; N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. N.B. 1853 ; North-Blen- heim, and S.S. Breakabin and Eminence, 1853-9, Gilboa, 1859-61, Amity, 1861-8, Kiskatom, 1868-73, Plattekill, 1873 Seeber, Safrenus, b. at Sharon, N.T., 1811 ; E.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1846, 1. CI. Schoharie, 1846 ; Centreville, 1846-9, Mottville", 1849-51, d. He had a warm, gushing heart, and earnestly desired to labor for Christ. But he began his studies late in life, and his powers had not therefore re- 456 THE MINISTBY. ceived that early discipline by whicli he could learn rapidly or easily, yet lie never flagged in liis exertions. In the ministry he was deeply engaged m his Master's work, and indefatigable in labor. Seely, Amos W., b. in N.Y.C. 1805 ; U.C. 1828, P.S. 1831 ; Frankfort, 1831-5, (Hillsdale, N.Y., Presbt. 1835-40,) Cicero, 1840-4, (New-Haven, N.Y., 1844^6,) supplied Salisbury, 1846-55, d. 1865. He was a serious, earnest, solid, and practical preacher. His sermons were characterized by the gravity of their manner, and the perspicacity of their reason, rather than by brilliant rhetoric. He aimed to present the truths of his text, with reference to the personal interests and responsibilities of his audience. His ministry was greatly blessed. He was of a remarkably amiable disposition, and free from guile. In the privacies of home, the sanctities of the church, the activities of the busy world, among the rich or poor, he was always the same, and truly adorned the doctrine of God his Saviour. He was the author of two works, "Doctrinal Thoughts" and " Practical Thoughts," which were highly commended and passed through several editions. Seelye, Edward Eli, b. at Lanslngburgh, N.T., 1819 ; U.C. 1839, P.S. 1843 ; (Stillwater, N.Y., 1843-50, Sandy Hill, 1850-58,) Schenectady, 1st, 1858-65, d. Aug. 10. He cannot readily be forgotten by any one who knew him. The first im- pression from his acquaintance was that of rugged strength. Physically, he was robust, a little above medium height, with a compact, well-knit frame. In repose his countenance was somewhat stern, but no eye ever greeted a friend more frankly than his, or looked upon childhood more ten- derly, or won even timid confidence more readily. With this physique his mind and heart were in perfect correspondence. He had a robust, rugged intellect, which delighted to grapple with difiiculties, and which could be content with no superficial acquirements. His devotion to truth and right was chivalrous, and brooked no compromise. And yet in his ministrations of the "Word he oftenest and most lovingly dwelt upon the revelations of God's love and the truths which appeal to the tenderest feelings of the heart. Beneath the exterior strength of body and mind. Dr. Seelye had the heart of a child. Extremely sensitive, he repaid confidence with confidence, and love with love, in a manner which left no one to doubt of his friend- ship. With such an organization, his delight was in his family. No wife or children were ever cherished more tenderly than his, and no one ever loved home more than he. As a preacher, he was always instructive, never dull, and seldom cold. As a scholar, he was diligent, thorough, and widely accomplished. As a theologian, he was uncompromisingly orthodox, and always able and ready to give a logical, scriptural, and unanswerable reason why. As a writer and thinker, his style is preserved in a posthumous vol- ume of discourses, entitled " Bible Emblems," published by the American Tract Society. — liev. J. A. Be Baun. Seelye, Julius H. A.C. 1849 ; Schenectady, 1st, 1853-8, Prof, of Moral Phil. and Metaphysics in Amherst Coll., 1858. In Congress, 1875-6, President of Amherst College, 1877.— S.T.D. by U.C, 1863. LL.D. by C.C, 1876. THE MINISTRY. 457 For an account of Lis visit and labors in India, see Anderson's Mist. Miss, of A.B.C.F.ir., p. 221. PubUoations : Abridged Transl. of Scliwegler's Hist, of Philosophy.— Dr. Hickok's Philosophy. Princeton Rev. 1863. — Our Place in History. Bibli- otheca Sac. xsiii. 211. — The Bible in Our Schools. Bil). Sac. xiii., 735.— The Way, the Truth, and the Life. Lectures to Educated Hindoos, pp. 146. 1873. Seibe'ht, Geo. A. E.G. 1863, in Union army three years ; N.B.S. 1866, lie. CI. Bergen ; Middletown Village, 1866-73, S.S. Havana, 111., 1872— Publications : An Oration on Decoration-Day, 1874, before the Mason Co. Soldiers' Union, III. In Mason Co. Bepvblican. Selden, Calvin. From Eoyalton Aflsoc, Vt., 1837 ; Jersey City, 3d, 1857. Selyns, Henricus, b. in Amsterdam, 1636, 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1659 ; [Waver- veen and Waveren, Holland, 1659-60 ;] Brooklyn, Biishvrick, and Gravesend, 1600-4, returned to Holland ; (Waverveen, Holland, 1666-82, also Chaplain in Holland army, 1675 ;) New-Amsterdam, 1682-1701, d. He was the most eminent of the ministers who had yet come from Hol- land. His ancestors, on both sides, had been oificers in the Keformed Church in Holland from its organization a century before. He was offici- ' ating as a, proponent, (or licentiate,) when he received the call to Brooklyn. Governor Stuyvesant was in the north effecting some Indian treaties when he arrived, and together with Blom,his fellow-passenger, they followed him to Esopus and Fort Orange, to present their letters. He was presented to his congregation by two officers of the government — Nicasius de Sille and Martin Krigier — and was installed September 3, 1660. He also officiated on Sabbath evenings at Governor Stuyvesant's Bouwerie, (now on East 13th Street,) especially instructing the negroes. He also occasionally preached for the Huguenots on Staten Island. His charge extended from Wallabout to Gowanus. He once came in collision with the magistrates, who attempt- ed to override his ecclesiastical prerogatives. In a. respectful letter, he de- clined to appear before them or acknowledge their authority in such mat- ters. He sustained himself with firmness, dignity, and force of reason, and his arguments prevailed. He married, July 9, 1663, Machtelt Specht, a young lady of New-Utrecht ; and if we may trust his own description, of rare beauty and worth. He subsequently married, January 10, 1694, Margaret de Riemer, widow of Hon. Cornelius Steenwyck. He had engaged himself for service in America for only four years, and was anxious to return, as he said, to gladden the eyes of his aged parents. He left upon the arrival of Samuel Megapolensis, a short time before the surrender. He had been already greatly useful, and was highly esteemed. He took charge of a small con- gregation in Holland, whose inhabitants earned their living by gathering turf. But he was not contented with Ms position. He refused a call to New-Am- sterdam, to become colleague with Drisius, in 1670, after the death of the elder Megapolensis. The call was renewed in 1683, after the death of Dri- sius and Van Niewenhuysen, and was then accepted. The need was press- ing, as Van Zuuren, on Long Island, was the only minister nearer than Weekstein, at Kingston, and Schaats, at Albany. He was received with 458 THE MINISTET. great affection and joy. He preaclied three times a week, and catecliised lie cLildren on Sunday evenings, and oflaciated occasionally at Bergen and Harlem. His was now the most important ecclesiastical position in the province. It was at the same time a most critical period for the Reformed Church, and the greatest wisdom and prudence were necessary to preserve her privileges, under English aggressions. The Dutch were only tolerated, according to the capitulation, as if dissenters. The Governors attempted to exercise arbi- trary powers, but the people resisted. Domine Selyns was fully alive to the importance of the subject, and was rejoiced at the arrival of Governor Don- gan, in 1683, who allowed full liberty of conscience. An assembly of the people was soon called, which among other matters established the legal position of the denominations, allowing the churches to choose their own ministers. The law never indeed became operative, but it increased the struggle for religious freedom. In 1689, with the accession of William and Mary to the throne of England, Leisler, a political adventurer, supported by the lower orders, seized the fort and the public funds, for ' ' the preservation of the Protestant religion," as he declared, but this was only a pretext for his usurpation. The Dutch clergy, without exception, opposed his pretensions, and when Governor Nicholson fled, and Leisler possessed the government de facto, they still continued their opposition, and preached against his authority. This excited the Governor bitterly against them. (Dellius, Vaeick.) But Selyns committed no overt act, so that he was able to remain at his post. He was for a time the only Dutch minister on duty in the province, yet he was in close communication and sympathy with the leaders of the opposition, and was constantly watched. His house was searched, and his service in the church interrupted by Leisler himself, who was a member, and his letters to Holland were intercepted. Selyns rejoiced over Leisler's downfall, preaching a sermon on the occasion from the words of the Psalmist, " I had fainted un- less I had believed, to seethe goodness of the Lord in the land of the living." But hia conduct split the congregation, and his salary was withheld by a part of them for several years. Leisler himself was a low, illiterate man, and the same classes of the people were his friends. He was executed in 1691. Leisler's son complained to King William, but without effect. Tlie queen, however, ordered the estates to be restored to their families, as ob- jects of /ier majesty's mercy. The bodies also of Leisler and Melbourne, by direction of Bellomont, were exhumed, nine years after burial, and after lying in state for several weeks, were buried with great pomp under the Dutch church in Garden Street, notwithstanding the protests of the consis- tory. Selyn's letters, about this time, refer to the civil diflaculties and the evils to the Church incident thereto. He says that he, and Domine Varlck who endured more than can be believed, have to be patient of necessity. In 1693, during the administration of Fletcher, the city had become unprecedentedly cor- rupt, by the influx of freebooters and privateers, who made it their rendez- vous, with the Governor's sanction. Fletcher also procured the same year an act to provide a ministry by law, thus establishing the Episcopal Church. THE AIINISTEY, 459 The dispute was really between the Episcopalians and the Presbyterians ; yet, whichever side prevailed, the Dutch were sure to suffer. Selyns was not satisfied with the legal condition of the Reformed Church. Its privileges might at any moment be withdrawn. He and his consistory therefore applied for a charter, which was the first church charter issued in the colony. It was not obtained, however, but by a considerable service of plate presented to the Governor. It is dated May 11, 1696. This charter secured to the church of New- York its independence. Besides permitting them to call their own ministers, to hold property, etc. , it also provided for a compulsory payment of church rates by the members. This latter provision was stricken out at the confirmation of the charter in 1784. It may also be worthy of remark that when the Episcopalians called Mr. Vesey, a Presbyterian on Long Island, as the first rector of Trinity Church, Selyns assisted in the in- stallation service, which was performed in the Garden Street church. Selyns now felt that the liberties of the Dutch Church were secured. He had la- bored faithfully, zealously, and successfully. Amid all his trials, no one had ventured to breathe a syllable against the purity of his life, or of his fidelity to the spiritual interests of his congregation. He was sixty years old, and needed help. He had been alone in his extensive charge during his whole ministry, although Daille had preached iu the French Reformed Church from 1683-90, and Peiret after him. He called these his colleagues. The consistory, in 1698, resolved to call a Dutch colleague, as their new charter gave them this right. The old party of the friends of Leisler were opposed. They wished a minister of their own party. The controversy was carried to Holland. Mr. Verdieren, whom they had called, declined. Then the Classis called Rev. Gualterus Du Bois, who in 1699 entered on his duties, and continued for more than half a century. Selyns was truly a remarkable man. He possessed in an eminent degree that rare combination of faculties which' unites the zeal of the preacher, seeking the salvation of souls, with the prudence of the presbyter, looking after the temporalities of the church. He was most systematic, energetic, and industrious in the discharge of his ministerial and pastoral duties. He was the chief of the early ministers to enlarge the usefulness of the Church to which he belonged, and to secure for it an independent and permanent foundation under the English government. He died in his sixty- fifth year, universally esteemed for his talents and his virtues. In all his letters he shows an entirely catholic spirit, speaking kindly of other denomi- nations, and rejoicing in their success. His liberal and amiable character endeared him to all around him. He was on terms of friendship with the heads of government, and in correspondence with distinguished men in the neighboring colonies. He was also a poet, versifying in both Latin and Dutch. Cotton Mather, with whom he corresponded considerably, remarks of him : " He had so nimble a faculty of putting his devout thoughts into verse, that he signalized himself by the greatest frequency, perhaps, which ever man used, of sending poems to all persons, iu all places, on all occa- sions ; and upon this, as well as upon greater accounts, was a David unto the flocks of our Lord in the wilderness." — MagncUia, iii. 41. See 460 THE MINISTKT. Amst. Cor., very many letters. Mints. CA.iV^. F., Eng.Transl., A., 95, 96. Col. Hist. ii. 223 ; iii. 415, 588, 646 ; iv. 219, 437, 533, 631. Doe. Hist. ii. 247 ; iii. 72. Smith's N.T., 76, 103-110. Mag. B.D.O. ii. 249, 277, 330 ; iii. 52. (Another H. Selyns writes in. Mag. Jt.D.C. ii. 53, ou Incest, and in iii. 24, 117, 318, on the Atonement; also iii. 337; iv. 361.) If.T. Oen. and Biog, Bee. vi. 143, 144, 156 ; vii. 93, 145. .Baird's DailU, 91, 93. Murphy, An- thology of New-Netlis. Publications : Poems in Dutch. Several of these have been rendered into English verse by Hon. Henry C. Murphy, and published in his Anthology of New-Netherlands. — A Latin Poem, Oct. 18, 1697, and prefixed to some editions of Mather's Magnolia. [Senn, Jacob, b. 1776 ; U. Pa. 1793 ? Hardwick, Stillwater, Sussextown, and Knowlton, N.J., 1795-1800, Tohiclven, Spricgfield, and Indianfield, Pa., 1800-18, d.—JSarbaugh's Lives, ii. 406.] Serven, Isaac, lie. by Seceders, 1838, suspended, 1831. Serenbets, Francis M. Ordained as a Eoman priest, at Friburg, 1834, c. to America, 1846 ; 1. CI. Bergen, 1848 ; Newark, 3d, 1848-9, New-Brunswick, 3d, 1851-4, w. c. Seward, Dwight M. T.C. (West-Hartford, Ct.) Tonkers, 1851-3, Presbyt. Shafer, Jesse F., lie. CI. Orange, 1876 ; [Audereid, Carbon Co., Pa., 1877— .] Shafbh, Thomas L., 1. CI. Schoharie, 1859 ; North-Blenheim, 1859-01, North- Blenheim and Breakabin, 1861-7, Sharon, 1871-4, w. c. Sharpley, Geo., b. in Eng. ; Homerton Coll., London ; studied tlieol. under Kev. Jas. Bedell, Manchester ; lie. CI. Montgomery, 1874 ; Mapletown, 1874— Shaw, Alex., b. Aberdeen, Scotland, May 19, 1839 ; U.S. 1869 ; lie. Presb. N.T. 1868 ; ord. CI. Bergen, June 38, 1869 ; Miss, at West-End, Jersey City, 1869-73, at Bethany Chapel, Brooklyn, 1873-7, at 54th St., N.Y.C 1877— Shaw, John B.. from Rutland Assoc, Vt., 1853 ; Tiossiock, 1853-9, d. 1865. Shaw, John F. B.C. 1865, N.B.S. 1868 ; Athens, Pa., 1868-70, Walpack Lower, 1870-7. Shaw, Wm. A. Madison University, N.Y., N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. Monmouth, 1859 ; Marbletown, 1859-60, Wiltwyck Station, Miss, to, 1860-4, Wilt- wyck, 1864-9, w. c; S.S. Cold Spring, 1878— Sheffield, John H. U.N.Y. 1887, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1840 North-Hempstead, 1843-6, Miss, to the West, 1846-7, Miss; to the poor and destitute in Indiana, 1849, died 1863. He is described as possessing mental powers, a gentle carriage, and ear- THE MISISTKT. 461 nest, unoljtrusive piety, wMcli commended him to tbe love of all. His noble brow excited admiration, and liis lieartf ul voice in prayer left a deep impress on the memory. He was a man of unselfisb constancy, fervid perception of tlie truth, unswerving purity of sentiment, and winning amenity in walk and conversation. In him divine grace had made trophy of a noble nature, and sanctified it for an ensample. But disease was working in his system from his , youth, and cut down his ministerial service to a few years. He spent the last years of his life near Suflfern, X. T. Shbpard, Chas. J. E.C. 1850, X.B.S. 1853, 1. CI. N.T. 1853 ; Pompton Plains, 1853-8, Linlithgow, 1858-67, Xewtown, 1867— Sherwood, Xathan L. Cold Sprmg, 1867. Shimeall, Eichard C, from Eensselaerville Bapt. Assoc. ; Miss, in Eivington St., N.T.C., 1837-8, Pompton, 1828-9, New-Prospect, 1829-31, Presbyt., died 18 . . Mag. B.D. 0. ii. 282. Publications : Age of the World, pp. 364. 1843.— Hist, of Prot. Epis. Ch. 1784-1844, in Bupp's Hist, of Relig. Denominations. — App. to Watts' Script. Hist. 1846.— End of Prelacy. 8vo, pp. 520. 1852.— Illuminated Chart of Sacred Hist., Chronology, Geog. and Genealogy. A Complete Ecc. Chart from the Earliest Eecords. — Sacred Hist, in Questions and Answers. — A Treatise on Prayer. — Our Bible Chronology, Hist, and Prophetic, pp. 384. 1859.— Christ's Second Coming. 1864.— Startling Facts: N.Y.C. the Great- est Mission Field. 1864. — The Unseen World. — Letterto Jas. Lenox, Esq., on the Prophetic Aspects of the Times. 1866. — Prophetic Career and Destiny of Napoleon IH. 1866.— Post-Millenarianism only 150 Tears Old. 1867.— Distinction between the last Personal Antichrist, and the many Antichrists of Prophecy. 1868. ScHtnjSB, Paul F., from G.E.C.; Pekin, 3d, (111.) 1876— Sickles, Jacob, b. at Tappan, 1772; C.C. 1792, studied under Froeligh and Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1794 ; Schenectady, assisting Eomeyn, 1794^-7, Coxsackie and Coeymans, 1797-1801, Kinderhook, 1801-35, d. 1845. D.D. by E.C. 1838. His having been invited as an assistant to the eminent Dirck Eomeyn, at Schenectady, and continuing there for three years, speaks much in reference to his early ability, and the estimation in which he was then held. His field at Kinderhook was very extensive, embracing the present area of seve- ral churches. His labors were here greatly blessed, the numbers professing their faith under his ministry averaging twenty a year, for thirty years. As a preacher he was chaste, affectionate, and searching. His style of sermon- izing was ornate, classical, finished ; and his pungent appeals to the heart and conscience evinced a faithful servant of the Master, and a discriminating mind in estimating human character. As a pastor, he had many excellences. He was noted for his uniform and sincere affection, his enlarged benevolence, his remarkable humility, and his proverbial prudence, together with his 462 THE MINISTEY. untiring assiduity in winning souls for Christ. In all the relations of life, his piety was paramount, his daily walk was with God. He preached, as unbelievers admitted, every hour of his me.—Ftin. Ser. by Dr. A. B. Van Zandt. See Sprague's Annals. Sill, Geo. G., h. 1791, Copperas, (Brunswick,) 111., 1841-9, died, 1859. SiMONSON, John, b. near Somerville, N.J.; E.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. of Philadelphia, 1845- ; West-Farms, 1845-53, Bethlehem, 1st, 1853-64, Plainfield, (Central,) 1864-9, West-Farms, 1871— SiNCLAm, J. H., from Fourth Presbyt. N.Y; Richmond, S.I., 1866-75, w. c. Skillman, Wm. J. R.C. 1860, N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. N.B. 1863 ; Macon and South-Macon, 1868-8, South-Bend, 1868-73, Bethlehem, 1st, 1873— Skinner, Thos. Harvey, b. Philadelphia, 1850; U.N.T. 1840, U.S. 1840-3, A.S. 1843-3, U.S. 1843, ord. Presbyt. Dec. 8, 1843 ; [Paterson, N.J., 1848- 6, N.Y.C. 1846-55, Honesdale, Pa., 1856-9 ;] Stapleton, S.I., 1859-67 ; [Fort Wayne, Ind., 1868-71, Cincinnati, O., 1871— .J D.D. by C.N.J. 1867. SLAtrsoN, Hiram, b. Greenville, N.Y., Dec. 5, 1810 ; U.C. 1837, U.S. 1840, ord. by Cong., Sept. 17, 1840; [Whitehall, N.Y., 1840-3;] Northumber- land, 1843-53, Port Jervis, 1853-7; [Unionville Ct., Cong., 1857-8, S.S. E. Whitehall, N.Y., 1858-61 ;] New-Salem and Clarksville, N.Y., 1863-6, w. c. Publications : Hist. Sermon at Port Jervis. Slingerland, Elbert, b. at Albany, N.Y., Dec. 3, 1800; N.B.S. 1834,1. CI. N.B. 1834 ; Glenville, 1st, 1834^33, Chittenango, 1888-4, Westerlo, 1834-6, Waterford, 1836-7, Wynantskill, 1837-40, Madison and Sun Prairie, 1844^6, New-Hurley, 1846-54, Mohawk, 1855-6, Glenville, 2d, 1857-60, Hagaman's Mills, 1860-3, S.S. Mohawk, 1865-6, emeritus, 1870; died 1875. He was a man of good natural parts, studious habits, a clear and forcible English style, fairly impressive pulpit manner of delivery, and eminently an evangelical preacher. He was very generous, impulsive, often giving offense by unasked advice, but of the most pellucid intentions. His piety was ar- dent ; he had clear views of sin and of the atonement, and a straightfor- ward, unwavering faith in Jesus Christ. He labored in many and widely scattered fields, and was privileged to see much fruit of his labor. He calmly and even joyfully anticipated death, and met it at the last in the as- surance of a blessed hope. Publications : Two Sermons on Baptism. 1858. — A Charge to 2d R.D.C., Glenville, at Install, of Rev. Jas. Murphy, 1837. Mag. S.D.G. i. 304. Sloccm, Geo. M. Dallas, b. at Schuylerville, N.Y., Jan. 24, 1845 ; U.C. 1875, N.B.S. 1878, lie. S. CI. L.I. 1878 ; Knox and Berne, 3d, 1879. TBE MINISTET. 463 Sluyter, Bicliard, b. at Nassau,' N.T., 1787; N.B.S. 1815,1. CI. N.B.1815; Claverack, and Hillsdale, 1816-25, Claverack, 1825-43, Claverack, 1st and 2d, 1842, Claverack, 1st, 1843, died. Also supplied Ghent for seven years. He was one of the most apostolic men our Cliurcli has produced. He was distinguislied as a revivalist. During his ministry at Claverack of twenty- eight years, there were six extensive revivals, in some of which the converts numbered by hundreds. He wore himself out invthe work. His memory, as a man of God, is still fresh in the hearts of the people of all that region, which was spiritually transformed by his labors. His native qualities were a fine and even martial personal appearance, great conversational powers, energy, hopefulness, courage, simplicity, and generosity. He was an un- usually excellent singer. He was incessantly visiting his people, and talk- ing to them about their souls. He was active and self-denying in the establishment of new churches, in whole or in part formed from his own. His death-bed was a scene of great spiritual beauty and power. — See Memoir hy Currie. Rev. W. N. Zabriskie. Smalz, John Henry. Q.C. 1818, N.B.S. 1819, 1. a. N.B. 1819 ; German Re- formed ; d. 1861. SliAKT, JOHX GAKDEfER, b. at Baltimore, Md., 1840 ; A.C. 1868, P.S. 1871, lie. Presb. N.B. 1871 ; ord. by CI. Saratoga, Ap. 1872 ; Union Village, (Greenwich,) 1872— Smit, Eoelof. Drenthe, 1851-3, Smith, John, w. c. 1849-78. Smith, Marshall B. Epis. Theolog. Sem., Va., 1859 ; ord. a deacon, 1858, a Presbyt., 1859; [Wilmington, Del., 1858-9, Dover, Del., 1859-60, Pas- saic, N.J., 1860-8, all Episcopal ;] entered E.C.A. 1869, on account of Romanizing tendencies in Epis. Ch. ; Spring Valley, N.Y., 1869-70, w. c. Entered Eef. Episcopal Ch., 1874. — Also editor of Frot. Churchman, 1867-9. Puilicaiions : Thanksgiving for Victory. 1863. — ^The Wise Decision : A Ser. commem. of Edward M. Pell. 1864.— The Office and Duty of the Church of God : A Ser. at the Opening of the 83d Anniial Convention of the Diocese of N.J. 1866. — God's Mighty Doings for the Nation. 1864 — Many contribu- tions to the press. ' Smith, Nicholas E. R.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. N.T. 1845 ; Miss, at Port Washington, Mon. Co. 1845-47, Oyster Bay, 1847-53, Brooklyn, Middle, 1853-69, Plalnfield, Central, 1869-71, Congregation alist. Smith Samuel, studied under Livingston, lie. by Synod of D.R. Chs. 1789 ; Saratoga, 1789-1800, Prenyl. Smith, Thos. Gibson, b. 1758, in Scotland ; c. to America, 1774, studied under Mason, 1. Assoc. Eef. 1791 ; (Little Britain, and Shawangunk, Assoc, 464 THE MENTSTRY. Bef.,) 1791-9, Kleyn Esopus and Bloomingdale, 1799-1801, Kleyn Esopus, Bloomingdale, and Hurley, 1801-8, Tarrytown, 1808-13, Tarrytown, (and Greenburgh, Presbyt.,) 1812-20, Tarrytown and Unionville, 1830-37, died April 10. He identified himself ■witi tlie party of liberty, soon after he came to America, and took some active part in the war. At its close he determined to prepare for the ministry, in which he labored for almost half a century. He was strongly attached to the standards of his Church, and gave a promi- nence to them in his preaching. His manner was discriminating, and rich in evangelical sentiment ; it was also eminently experimental and practical. This made him a favorite preacher with the aged and experienced. He was favored with several revivals. His body, possessed of great vigor and strength, was the type of his mind. Smith, Wm. H. U.C. 1863 ; .Ephratah, 1865-8, also S.S. at Tillaborough, 1868. [Presbyt. 1868-76.] Little Falls, N.J., 1876-8. Smith, William Richmond, (s. of Rev. Robt. Smith,) b. in Lancaster Co., Pa., 1753; C.N.J. 17.., (Wilmington, Del., 1780-94,) Ne-Shanic and Har- lingen, 1794-1817, d. 1820. Elected a trustee of, Queens Coll. 1800, His father was minister at Pequea, Pa., while his mother was sister of the celebrated brothers, Samuel and John Blair, most eminent preachers. He had also two distinguished preachers for brothers, namely, Samuel S. Smith and John Smith. He was a man of a sound mind, and an edifying preacher — a man highly esteemed and revered by the people to whom he ministered through the long period of twenty-five years — a courteous, gentle- manly man. He visited his people faithfully and regularly as a pastor, going through his congregation or parish in a year and a half, yearly, and every year, so long as he was able, not passing by a single family. He was stricken with paralysis, while in the act of preaching to his people. He survived the attack for several years, but was a wreck in mind and body during the remainder of his life. His remains rest among the people of his charge, and he being dead yet speaketh. This short sketch is made up of materials gathered from tradition, and it is to be regretted that more ma- terials can not be gathered, so as to furnish a longer account of one so es- timable ; but what has been gathered is authentic and reliable. — Dr. Gabriel Ludlow. Fun. Ser. ly Bev. P. Labagh. Smock, JohnH. R.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1866, 1. CI. Monmouth, 1866; Oyster Bay, 1866-71, Beadington, 1871— Smuller, Henry W., from Presbyt. Genesee; Kingston, 3d, 1849-53. Snyder, Benj. F. R.C. 1846, N.B.S. 1849, 1. CI. Ulster, 1849 Blooming- dale, 1850-52, Miss, at Mt. Vernon, 1853-54, Arcadia, 1853-6, Shodack, 1856-68, d. 1869. Snyder G. W See Schneyder. THE MUnSTET. 465 Snyder, Henry. Miss, to Frankford and Schuyler, (Herkimer Co., N.T.,) 1829-30, Herkimer, 1831. Southard, Jas. L. E.G. 1866, N.B.S. 1869, 1. S. CI. Bergen; Woolcot, 1869— [Spangenberg, Cyriacus, b. in Hesse ; came to America with the Hessian troops, 1776, was refused a licensure by the Ger. Coetus, 1783, preached at Shamokin, Selinsgrove, Mahantougo, and Middle Cr^ek, 1784-5, FrankUn Co., Pa., 1785-90, 1795, executed.] He was an impostor. He sought licensure several times, but never suc- ceeded in getting it. He preached independently in different places, till his bad character followed him, or he exposed himself. He had left a wife in Europe, and another marriage was within a day's consummation with one of his innocent flock, when a letter was discovered which revealed his base- ness. When seeking to be settled at Berlin, Elder Qlassmore, sitting near him, remonstrated against receiving him, when Spangenberg stabbed him to the heart. He was convicted and executed. Spaulding, Cyril. K.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1846, 1. CI. N.B. 1846 ; New-Rhinebeck and Cobleskill, 1846-9, New-Rhinebeck, 1849-53, Blooming Grove, 1853-6, Rotterdam, 3d, 1856-60, Athens, 1st and 3d, 1860-6, Athens, 1st, 1866-8, Shawangunk, 1868 — Spinner, John P., b. at Warbach, Ger., (Electorate of Mentz.) Jan. 18, 1768. Gym. of Bishapheim ; University of Mentz, 1788 ; studied theology in a Roman Catholic Theolog. Sem. Consecrated to Holy Orders in Rom. Cath. Ch., J. 789 ; became a Protestant, 1800. Rec'd into Classis of Albany, 1801; German Flats and Herkimer, 1803-35, German Flats, 1885-48, d. May 37. He was dedicated to the office of the Roman Catholic priesthood when eleven years of age. Besides the ordinary branches of mathematics, the languages, philosophy and theology, he was thoroughly acquainted with the law and medicine. During his priesthood in Germany he assisted at the funerals of two emperors, viz., Joseph II. and Leopold II. Soon after re- nouncing Romanism he married Mary Magdale Fidelis Boumanted, of Laire. This was in 1801. He left Germany for America on May 13, 1801, and was sixty-three days on the passage. While a pastor for more than forty years, he was also, at the same time. Professor during eighteen months of this time in a High School in TJtica. He preached at first in German altogether,, but subsequently alternated German and English. He was the father of Gen. F. E. Spinner, for many years U. S. Treasurer. [Sprole, Wm. T., b. in Maryland ; P.S. 1839, ord. Evang. by Presbyt. Balti- more, Mar. 37, 1831 ; Ger. Ref., Philadelphia, 1833-6, Carlisle, Pa., 1836- 43, Washington, D.C., 1843-6, Chaplain, West-Point, 1846-. ., Newburgh, ..1856-..] Staats, Bergen Brokaw. R.C. 1876, N.B.S. 1879. 30 466 THE MINISTEY. Staats, John A. B.C. 1830, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 1840, Clintonville, 1840-1, Preakness, 1843-61, Blooming Grove, 1861-G, w. c. [Stalilsclimidt, Jolm Cliristian, b. in Nassau- Sieger, 1740, c. to America, 1770, lie. by Ger. Coetus, 1777; settled over the churclies near York, Pa., 1777-9, returned to Germany, 1780, d. about 1835. — See interesting Memoir in Harbmigh's Lives.} StanbRough, Eufus M. R.C. 1858, N.B.^. 1861 ; Manlieim and Indian Castle, (Danube,) 1861-76, S.S. Columbia, 1876— [Stapel, Casper Michael. Amwell, N.J., 1763-8. — Harbaugh's Lives, ii. 884.] Starks, Jared L. Bowman's Creek, (now Buel,) 1840-3, S.S. Columbia, and Mohawk, 1843-3, Mohawk and German Flats, and S.S. Frankford, 1843- 4, Mohawk and Frankfort, 1844-6, Mohawk, 1846-53, Fort Herkimer, 1853-7, w. ^., Fort Herkimer, 1861-3, d. ^Statesir, Bbnj. Tilton, b. in Monmouth Co., N. J., 1841 ; E.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1865, 1. CI. Monmouth, 1865 ; Stone House Plains, 1866-73, West New- Hempstead, 1873 — Stbbbins, Jas. U.C. 1843, P.S. 1845, S.S. Fort Miller, 1846, Presbyt.— See Princeton Qen. Catalogue. Steele, John, b. at Somerville,N.J., 1837; R.C. 1845, N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. N.B. 1848 ; Lebanon, 1848-53, Coxsackie, 3d, 1853-8, Union Village, 1858- 05, Totowa, 1st, 1865-77, Greenbush, 1877— D.D. by E.C. 1873. Steele, John BEATTT,b. at Salem, N.T., 1796 ; Mid. C. 1818, Ass. Ref. Sem., (under Mason,) 1833, lie. by A.R. Presbyt. of New- York, 1833 ; supplied Albany, Middle, 1833, ord. CI. Albany, 1834 ; Boght, 1834-33, Middleburgh, 1838-8, also S.S. Breakabin, 1837, Helderbergh, 1838-46 ; supplied Prince- town, Ballston Centre, Presbyt., etc., 1846-50, teaching in N.Y.C., 1850-3, 'Cortlandtown, 1858-7 ; supplied Salem, Assoc. Eef., Salem, Presbyt., Wil- ford, Presbyt., etc., 1857-73, w. c. Publications : Signs of the Millennium. A Miss. Ser. 1830.— The Symbol -and Word of Encouragement : A Ser. at ord. of Rev. R. H. Steele. 1848.— Sacred Poetical Paraphrases and Miscellaneous Poems, pp.384. 1863. -Steele, Richard Hollowat, (s. of John B. Steele,) b. in Albany Co., N.Y. ; R.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1847, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1847, ord. by Presbyt., Albany, Feb., 1848 ; [Charlton, 1847-50, Ballston Spa, Presbyt.,] 1850-53, Nassau, 1853-63, New-Brunswick, 1st, 1863— D.D. by E.C. 1867. Publications : Sermon on the Death of James W. Blakey, a Law Student. 1851.— America, a Land Preeminently Blessed : a Thanksgiving Discourse. 1853.— The Bible the Safeguard of the Nation : a Sermon before the Bens- selaer Co. Bible Society. 1857.— The Rod of Providence : a Sermon at the EFunfiral of Charlotte S.Van Slyke. 1853.— Discourse at the Funeral of Mary THE MINISTEY. 467 ilercliant. 1863.— "Victory and Mourning: a Discourse occasioned hy the deatli of President Lincoln. 1865. — Our National DeliTerance : a Thanks- giving Discourse. 1865. — Memorial of Mrs. Eliza W. Sliaddle : a Sermon. 1866. — Historical Discourse; delivered at the One Hundred and Fiftieth Anniversary on tlie First Reformed Churcli, Xew-Brunswick, witli Anniver- sary Exercises, and Catalogues of Cliurch Officers and Members. 1867. — Memorial of Nicholas Booram : a Discourse. 1869. — Memorial of Mrs. A, V. Sclienck : an Address. 1870. — Address at laying the Corner-Stone of the Chapel of First Church, New-Brunswick. 1870. — Our Country's Future •, a Thanksgiving Discourse. 1875. — God's Presence through the Year : a Dis- course. 1876 — Steele, Wm. H. R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 1840 ; voyage to Bor- neo, May-Sept. 1843, Batavia, 1843-3, Karangan, 1843-9, returned to America ; w. c. D.D. by U.N.T. 1870. Publications: Numerous articles in the CJiristian Intelligencer and Gos- pel Meld. — The Manse at Nunnlyquett, The Old Eoute to Missions, The Borneo Mission, were three series in the Gospel Field, of about thirty col- umns. 1871-3. — The Borneo Mission. In Manual of Missions S.C. A. Steffens, N. M. From Emhden, Neths,; N.Y.C., Av. B, (Ger.,) 1871-C, Silver Creek, 111., 18V6-8, Zeeland, Mich., 1878— [Steiner, John Conrad, b. in Switzerland, 1707; (Mettsmnstten, two years,) St. Peterzell, 1735-40, St. Georgen, 1747-9,) c. to America ; Philadelphia, 1751-3, and Germantown, Pa., (G.R.) 1751-6, Fredericktown, Md. , 1756- 9, and itinerated over all the neighboring country, Philadelphia, 1759- 63, d.] He was a native of Winterthur, in Switzerland, and was devoted by his mother, ■while a babe on her bosom, to the service of God. He began to preach at the ago of nineteen. While a pastor in Europe, (1738,) he pub- lished a volume called T/ie Midnight Cry, comprising twenty-five ser- mons. Dr. Zacharias says : " They breathe a most excellent spirit ; show him to have been a man of talent, great plainness of speech, extraordinary faithfulness in those trying scenes through which the members of the Re- formed faith had to pass, in consequence of the fierce opposition they met with from their Catholic neighbors, who were headed by the Abbe of St. Gall." His last settlement in Europe was comparatively small, and he sighed for a more enlarged field of usefulness. This ultimately led him to America. After his arrival here, he was called to Lancaster, but a portion of Mr. Schlatter's congregation were captivated by his eloquence, and wished him to remain in Philadelphia. The Coetus was against him, which led him and his friends to take a position, ultimately, of comparative independence. He believed the motives of the members of Coetus were not altogether pure. Hence he took counsel of himself — was a law to himself. He died sudden- ly, in the midst of his labors. The last few years of his ministry were pe- culiarly characterized by zeal and earnestness. It was observed by his 468 THE MINISTEY. friends that lie was ripening for lieaven. He Loped that he might not have a long and tedious sickness, and his wish was gratified. He was en- gaged in a practical work, (to be issued in four volumes,) of sermons, the volumes to consist respectively of sermons calculated to arouse the careless — to comfort Christians— to set forth their present privileges and eternal re- ward — and the last to contemplate the works of God in nature, so as to lead the thoughts to heavenly contemplations. Only the first of these was pub- lished, the author dying while it was going through the press. Dr. Muhlen- berg, of the Lutheran Church, ofBciated at his funeral, no German Reformed being present. Only three children, out of thirteen, survived him. [Steiner, Conrad, (s. of J. C. Steiner,) lie. by Ger. Coetus, 1771 ; supplied Organ Ch., Jacob's Ch., Eosenthaler Ch. , and Dunkell's Ch., 1771-5, Al- lentown, Moortown, and Lehigh, 1775-83, d.] Steinfuhrer, C. D. F. U.C. 1864, N.B.S. 1867; Astoria, 2d, and Newtown, 2d, 1867-9, Astoria, 3d, 1869— Steins, Frederick, from Eef. Ch. in Prussia; Miss. German, 3d, N.Y.C., 1849. Stevenson, James B., b. in Salem, N.Y., 1798; N.B.S. 1837,1. CI. Washing- ton, 1837; Miss, to Lysander, Sparta, and Cato, 1837-9, ^Florida, (Mina- ville,) 1839-54, Wynantskill, 1854^64, died March 3. lu early life he studied with the Scotch Presbyterian Church in Salem, N.Y. , under charge of Dr. Proudfit, and while yet young chose the minis- try. With a burning zeal, he was willing to labor whithersoever the Lord might call him. In eighteen months, so well fitted for the work was he, that he gathered and organized a fine congregation in the then newly settled Onondaga County, at Lysander, and procured the erection of a fine house of worship. He was noted for his fidelity, earnestness, and devotion. He displayed great energy in all his enterprises. But his constitution at length began to feel the effects of his excessive labors. He wore himself out in his Master's service. When really unable, he would yet labor and preach, directing sinners to the Lamb of God. His last intelligible words were, "Firm trust! clear, clear!" His piety was sincere and deep; his judgment sound and practical. His preaching was evangelical and in- structive. As a pastor, he greatly excelled ; few could resist his kind and solemn appeals. Stewart, Abel T., b. at Somerville, N.J., Aug. 4, 1833; E.G. 1843, N.B.S. 1846, lie. CI. N.B. 1846 ; Greenville, 1846-50, Greenville and BronxviUe, 1850-3, Tarrytown, 1st, 1853-66, Holland, 3d, Mich., (Hope,) 1866-78, d. May 24, at Watkins, N.Y. D.D. byE.C. 1873. He was one of the converts of the great revival in New-Brunswick in 1837. At once he felt himself called to the ministry. He was a man of singular and manifest sincerity. There was nothing seeming in his nature. All was open and ingenuous. When he professed Christ it was from the heart. He loved Christ and preached Ids word with an integrity of purpose THE MINISTRY. 469 wliicli left no room for doubt. His nature was peculiarly sympatbetic, and bis Boul in barmony witb the woes and tbroes of bumanity. He was a model of uprightness in the various relations of life. He was a scholar of no mean literary tastes and attainments, of general reading and culture, of' industrious habits, and of more than average ability as a preacher and ex- pounder of the Word of God. He was eminently free from envy and selfishness. He rejoiced in the popularity and success of his brethren, for all of whom be cherished a brother's love. His most intimate friends assert that they never heard him speak a word of disparagement of a brother minister. With all his manly traits, his courage, his strong com- mon sense, his energy of character, he had ^the tender heart of a woman. His dying experiences were very delightful. — See Memorial and also CJi. Int., June 6, 1878. Publications : A Hist. Disc. First Ref. Ch., Tarrytown. 186G. Stewart, James W., Prin. of Washington Academy, Salem, 18. .-34 ; Jack- son, 1834-6, Warwick, 1838-43. Still well, Aaron L., b. at Wbitehouse, 1828 ; R.C. 1851, N.B.S. 1854, 1. CI. N.B. 1854 ; Bergen Neck, 1854-64, d. He was never a robust man, suffering much for years from bronchial affection. He was a quiet and lovely Christian, gentle in his manners, and prudent in his measures. He was a kind of Nathaniel. His record is that of the confiding, gentle Christian. His last breath was spent in preaching the gospel. Stimpson, Edward P. E.G. 1834, N.B.S. 1834 ; Greenbush, 1834^53, Cas- tleton, 1853-61, suspended. 1869, deposed. Stimpson, Henry B., from Cong. Ch. Windham, 1829-33, w. c. 1833-50, d. Stitt, Chs. H. B.C. 1844, N.B.S. 1848, l.Cl. N.T. 1848 ; New-Palt3, 1848-65, Kingston, 2d, 1865-74, Bayonne, Feb. 15, 1874— D.D. by E.C. 1866. Publications : Gospel Law of Moderation in Regard to Intoxicating Drinks 1861.— Dedicatory Address at New-Paltz Cemetery. 1861.— Hist, of the Church and Settlement at New-Paltz. 1863. — Fun. Ser. of Captain Johannes Lefevre, who fell in the battle of Cedar Creek, Ta., Oct. 19, 1864. Pub. 1865.— Mem. Disc, on Death of T. Lawrence Hasbrouck. 1866.— Ser- mon before Gen. Synod. Ch. InfJune 9, 1870. — Hist. Sketch of Second Ref. Ch. of Kingston. Kingston Argus, Jan. 11, 1871.— Progressive Theology ; a Charge delivered at Inaug. of Dr. A. B. Van Zandt as Prof, of Theology. 1872.— Why am I not Saved ? Tract 49, R.C.A.— The Lost Found. Tract 638, Am. Tract Soo. — Our New City : its Prospect and Peril. In Bondout Freeman, June 1, 1873. Stitt, Wm. CHHiSTiE,b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 1833 ; C.N.J. 1856, P.S. 1860, lie. Presb. Philadelphia, 1860; [S.S. Georgetown, D.C., 1860-3 ; ord. May 18, 1863 ; Hagerstown.Md., 1863-8, Johnsonsburgh, N.J., 1868-71 ;] Pier- mont, N.T., 1871— 4:10 THE MINISTET. St. John S.S. CorOandt, 1858-65. Stobbelaab, H. Alto, 1858-60, Zeeland, 1860-64, Holland, Wis., 1864-73, Bella, 4th, 1873— [Stock, Philip, came to America, 1789. Yorktown, 1789-90, Chambersburgh, 1790-. . Sarhaugh's Lives, ii. 405.] Stock-well, Atjstin P., b. at Hadley, Mass., 1837; A.C. 1863, U.S. 1865, lie. 8d Presb. N.Y.C. Ap. 3, 1863 ; ord. by same, May 14 ; [Pleasant Plains, N.Y., 1868-9, Presbyt.,] Assoc. Pastor, Millbrook, July, 1869-71, Dec. ; Gravesend, Jan. 1, 1872 — Stoll, a., (from Eef. Ger. Ch.. 1874 ;) Philadelphia, 5th, 1874^ Stout,' Henkt. R.C. 1865, N.B.S. 1868, lie. CI. Earitan; visiting the churches, June, 1868-9, Jan. ; voyage to Japan, Jan. 9, March, 1869 ; Na- gasaki, Japan, 1869 — Stout, Nelson, b. at Harlingen, N.J., 1807?; B.C. 1851, N.B.S. Died 1854. He did not begin his studies until about forty years of age. He had beeu a sea-captain. He was a very devoted Christian, and had consecrated himself to the foreign field, but died ■while in the Seminary. [Stoy, Wm., b. in Westphalia, 1726, came to America, 1753 ; Tulpehocken, Pa., 1753-5, Philadelphia, 1755-6, Lancaster, 1758-63, Lebanon, 1763-73 ; became a physician, still preaching occasionally, 1773-1801, d.] He was one of the six ministers who accompanied Schlatter on his return, in 1752. His clandestine marriage, while in Philadelphia, gave great offense, and obliged him to leave that field. About 1770, the Coetus refused longer to recognize him as a member of that body, and dropped his name. He took great interest in medicine and in politics ; was of great patriotism, hated aristocracy and monopolies, and sympathized with the laboring and the poor. He combined his duties as a physician and minister, during the last thirty years of his life. Amid great prej udice, he introduced inocula- tion against small-pox into Berks Co., Pa. He had a, considerable share of natural talent, which was developed by a good education. His sympathies were strongly on the side of freedom, in the Revolution. He was an excel- lent linguist. I Steeng, Samuel, b. at Pella, Iowa; H.C. 1874, N.B.S. 1877, lie. CI. Illinois ; Clarkstown, 1877— Strong, J. Pascal, (g. of T. M. Strong;) E.G. 1845, N.B.S. 1850, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1850 ; East New-York, 1850-4, Jersey City, 3d, 1854:-6, Aquackanonck, 1856-69, Passaic, 2d, 1869-71, Belleville, 1871— Publications : Fan. Address of Mrs. Dr. Hay. Strong, Mason E., (s. of T. M. Strong;) N.Y.U. 1855, N.B.S., died 1861. Strong, Pascal N., (brother of T. M. Strong,) b. in Brookhaven, L.I., 1793; SOUTH REFORMED CHURCH West Trov, N. Y. 'Memorial Building" erected by James B. Jermain, 1874. THE MINISTEV. 471 CO. 1810, studied under Mason, 1. Prestyt. N.Y. 1815 ; New-York, 1816- 36, d. He received calls to Harrisburgli and New- York at the same time, but chose the latter. He and Dr. Knox started in life together as fellow-stu- dents under the same instructor, and as colleagues in the same church, though the ministry of the former was comparatively hrief. About a year before he died, he was attacked by disease of a pulmonary character, pro- ceeding' from a severe cold. He went to St. Croix to spend the winter, but wliile there died. In a diary -commenced in 1808, three years before he united with the church, he says : " I will regard the enjoyment of God as the supreme end of all my plans. I will consider love to God and zeal for Tiis glory as my highest duty, and study to improve daily in these di- vine affections. I will for the future, unless unavoidably hindered, regu- larly devote one half-hour in the morning, and a like period in the evening, to religious concerns." His disposition was amiable, his manners were courteous, his spirit was resolute and generous almost to a fault, his mind was gifted in more than • an ordinary degree, and his opportunities of improvement had not been neglected. With a memory peculiarly tenacious, and the power of an ac- curate and precise discrimination for one of his years, his attainments in classical and critical learning may without any exaggeration be regarded as eminent. Critical research was with him a favorite employment. He wrote with elegance and force. His discourses were clear, accurate, and tasteful. His style was copious and adorned. His voice was melodious ; his enunciation, easy and natural ; his preaching, evangelical and faithful. — Gunn's Livingston, ed. 1856, 'p.399. i^rague's Annals. Publications : The Pestilence— Yellow Fever. 1833. Sd ed. 1833. Steong, Eobbet Geier, (s. of Thos. M. Strong,) b. at Flatbush, L.I., 1837 - N.Y.U. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1858 ; assistant at Flatbush, 1858; 60, Dec. ; New-Baltimore, 1861-70, Flatbush, Miss. Chapel, 1871-8 ; teach- ing a select school at Flatbush, 1873 — Steong, Selah Woodhull, (s. of Thos. M. Strong,) b. at Flatbush, L.I., 1844; N.T.TJ. 1862, N.B.S. 1865, 1. CI. N.Y. 1865; Kochester, 1865-70, West-Troy, South, 1870— Strong, Thos. C, (s. of Thos. M. Strong,) U.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1845, 1. S. CI.; L.l. 1845 ; Bloomingdale and Rosendale, 1845-9, Newtown, 1849-59, Greenwich, N.Y.C., 1859-66, Ithaca, 1866-71. Elected a trustee E.C. 1857. [Aurora, Presbyt. 1871-5.] Pvhlications : Ser. at Funeral of Dr. C. W. Stothoff. 1855. Strong, Thos. M., (brother of P. N. Strong,) b. at Cooperstown, N.Y., 1797; C.C. 1816, studied under Mason and at P.S. 1819, 1. Presbyt., (Norfolk, Va., 1819-31, Assoc. Eef. Chambersburgh, and Shippensburgh, Pa., 1831- ?,) Flatbush, 1833-61,. d. He was possessed of the most thorough and indefatigable business liali- 472 THE MINISTRY. its, and was so completely at home in ecclesiastical affairs tliat his very ■word was law, from which no appeal could he taken. He was a man of re- markable clearness of thought and of simplicity of expression, of intense yet well-balanced mental energy and activity, of large attainments, though never ostentatiously paraded ; combining, in a rare symmetry and exquisite proportion, afEability with dignity, and gentleness with firmness, and withal a man of such pure innate modesty, and genuine Christian humility, that nothing but his actual removal from the Church would give her an accu- rate estimate of his real value. He possessed one trait of character of especial loveliness and power. He was eminently a Christian gentleman. That fruit of the Spirit which the apostle calls " gentleness " was exhibited by him in a remarkable degree. He had the most suicere regard for the feelings of others, and never willingly, by word or act, inflicted a wound upon them. He was always mindful of the injunction, "Be courteous," and in this particular was a bright and lovely exemplification of the spirit of the Master. In the poise of his moral qualities, in the rounded completeness of his associated gifts and virtues, in the interblending of his personal, sociah and public excellence, (so that the one man was under well-nigh all circum- stances the same,) there has rarely appeared among us a more symmet- rical and perfect character than that which Divine grace developed and fashioned into the legible life of Dr. Strong. Resolute, without arrogance ; modest, without timidity ; positive in his convictions, without pride of will ; persevering, without pretension; diligent, without ostentation of inten- tions ; firm, without obstinacy ; tenacious of his moral and personal prefer- ences, without bigotry or hypocrisy ; quick in his estimate of duty, without wayward impulses ; devoted to duty, without thirst for personal exaltation ; methodical, without mechanical servility to circurastauces ; learned, with- out pedantry ; and godly, without affectation of sanctity — he seemed indeed to illustrate how natural qualities may be toned and softened into well-nigh untarnished beauty by the power of Christ working upon them all. He was faithful in his preparations for duty. Knowing that only beaten oil should be brought into the sanctuary, he with resolute purpose and fixed system entered upon the performance of his public duties. He left a Bible which was a complete index to a vast range of investigation over which he had traveled; He was faithful in his ministrations in the sanctuary. ' His style was sedate, solid, instructive. He sought-no sensational effects, but he discriminated and individualized the truth so as to reach the conscience and win the heart. He preached memoriter. He was also a faithful pastor, though much of his time was consumed in the public duties of the Church. He gave his best energies to the Church and denomination in which he min- istered. He was Stated Clerk of the General Synod for thirty-four years. Publications : Hist, of Flatbush, L.I. 1843. — Arts, in Sprague's Annals on Drs. S. S. WoodhuU and P. N. Strong. Stbvkbe, HEaMAN B., (s. of Peter Stryker,) b. at Port Richmond, S.I., 1794; N.B.S. 1823, 1. CI. N.B. 1823. Miss, to Athol, Caldwell, Johns- THE MINISTRY. ilS burgh and Warrensburgb, (Warren Co. , N.Y.,) 1833-3, Fairfield, and Miss. at Little Falls, N.J., 1823-6, Agent of Miss. Soc. 182C-7, Union Ch. in Amsterdam, 1837-33, also Miss, at Johnstown in 1830, St. Johnsville, 1833^, Glenvllle, 3d, 1834-7, w. c. 1837-61, Huguenots, S.I., 1861-71, d. He was a pioneer in the temperance cause, early identifying himself with the total abstinence movement, and by his example and influence teaching this principle to his children and others. He was gentle, affectionate, lovely and generous in his disposition, con- stant, faithful, and earnest in his work, attending to all bis duties with fidelity. He was a good theologian, a diligent student of history, and a careful investigator of divine truth. He studied the Bible carefully and with prayer. He was especially fond of the prophecies. In his preaching he was terse, comprehensive, pointed, tender. His ob- ject was to comfort, edify, convince, and convert. In this he was success- ful. In his early charges he had powerful revivals of religion. In one of them he preached nine successive weeks, every evening in the week, and three times on each Sabbath, and large numbers were brought by him In the fold of Christ. PuWicfliiioms ; Address before CI. Bergen. 1828. Mag. B.I). 0. ni.lS2.— Charge to Rev. Jas.. Stevenson. 1839. Mag. S.B.O. iv. 335. Stryker, Isaac P., born at Harlingen, Nov. 37, 1811 ; R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI 1840 ; voyage to Borneo, Nov. 1840-March, 1841, Borneo, 1841-3, d. Joining the class of '37, when Milledoler, and Cannon, and Janeway, and Strong, and Ogilby, and Beck were our professors, I found for my alphabet- ical neighbor that true man of God, Isaac P. Stryker. It was the fall of 1834, entering upon sophomore stage, and nearly all the members were his juniors by several years. He had come from a line of handicraft, to engage with all his heart in study for the ministry, and this one thing he did. His face and demeanor, always and everywhere, bespoke a governing conscien- tiousness that secured the respect of the wayward, the unfaltering confi- dence and honor of all who observed him. At lecture or prayer, or the duties of the Sabbath, his steadfast punctuality was sheer perfection. Though his features were severely cast in dark complexion, and the eyes lay far beneath a shaggy brow, his whole expression was made gentle by the soul of love to God and man that shone through deed and speech. Feel- ing assured, after years of study of his life, that such equanimity under college tests was a marvel of divine grace, I asked him if in his childhood he had not been particularly irascible and violent. The question surprised him, but, knowing well the inquirer's love, he tearfully owned the conjec- ture to be right. After the interval of thirty-four years, this godly and diligent man's pic- .ture is vividly before me as a joy and a profit to remember. He was an ex- emplary Christian among heedless lads, and the largest concession iut one that he ever made to the infirmity of peccant boyhood was to witness some of the milder doings with hand-covered mouth and twinkling eye. 474 THE MINISTRY. " For when lie gazed upon the festive train, It was but as some melanclioly star Beliolda tlie dance of shepherds on the plain, In its bright stillness present, though afar." That one otlier momentary and unparalleled yielding lodged him the deeper in every heart, and its occurrence was thus : Morning duties were over, and the class was sauntering homeward down the Campus on an exhilarating time in early May, when it occurred to a merry sou of a clergy- man to spring upon the Tjack of dear old Isaac for a ride ! Who, of all present, was most astounded, it were difHcult to say — the whole thing was electric — hut another moment showed that the gravest blood had felt the genial fires of spring. If we could trust our own eyes, the young rider had been cunningly dismounted, and was swiftly pursuing a figure no one would have dared affirm to, until the drollery culminated in the merry madcap's halting, with an index-finger shout, " The wicked flee, when no man pursueth." Had you space, I would gladly say more of this confessedly exceptional man. There was no indolence in Stryker. When not using his waking hours in study or Bible-reading, or prayer, or sacred music, of which he was practically fond at home, he was at exercise or good works. All that a diligent employment of the powers God has bestowed would effect, Stryker meant to do and be ; and, wherever a prayerful life of labor could be fruit- ful of good to others, he was sure of usefulness. When I last saw him in life, he was moving seaward from a Boston wharf, on his errand of good news to the pagan, signaling back his love so long as a kerchief could be seen. It has been my privilege, since, to care lovingly for his Indian grave, with many a tender memory of one of the most guileless of men. His death was a sad surprise. At the end of his year in Java he was in health, and rejoicing in the profier of a free passage to Singapore under the American flag of a merchantman. Embarking in good spirits, he looked reasonably forward to engagement in the field of allotment, but an attack of fever during the short passage was so swiftly fatal that, on the vessel's ar- rival, his former friend at New-Brunswick, B. P. Keasberry, found the sig- net of death on that pure man's brow. _ Stryker lies in a pleasant morning-side cemetery at Singapore, " with his feet to the foe," and the rfesting-place marked by the beautiful obelisk-gift of a few of " the Class of '37." The church of Harlingen may well enshrine his name in honor, with that of his much-loved Father Labagh. — Beti. Dr. Wm. H. Steele. Stryker, Peter, b. 1764 in N.Y.C., studied under Livingston, lie. by the Synod of K.D. Chs. 1788, N. and S. Hampton, Sept. 15, 1788-Aug. 19, 1790, Staten Island, 1790-4, Belleville, 1794-1809, also S.S. at Stone House Plains, 1801-9, (Amboy, Presbyt.,) 1809-10, Belleville and Stone House Plains, 1810-13, Miss, to Berne, 1838-9, d. 1847. A.M. by C.C. 1804. For many years he was the oldest minister in the Reformed Dutch Church THE MIXISTEY. 475 in America. His ancestors were of Holland extraction, and it was liis delight to talk and preach in the Dutch language. This he did, not only with fluency, but also with great purity for one born in this country. He always spelled his name Strijker, and frequently called attention to the fact that this was a common Dutch word signifying a stroker, applied originally, no doubt, to one dexterous in striking oflf measures of grain. His parents were pious people, and, influenced by their example, prayers, and precepts, he early became a disciple of Christ. During the American Revolution, when he was a lad, his family left the city of New-Tork, and sojourned for a few years at Millstone, N.J. Having been well instructed, as there was a scarcity of teachers, he was induced, at the early age of seventeen, to take charge of the common school in that district. His letters, written at this period, and addressed to his relatives, are full of pious expressions, evincing great love for God, and a desire for the salvation of souls. Subsequently he completed his clerical studies at the Hackensack Academy, under the supervision of that eminent Christian scholar, Dr. Peter Wilson, an uncle of his by marriage. In 1812, very much debilitated by bodily infirmity, he was compelled to resign the pastoral office. He did not again resume it. But having recovered his health in a measure, he preached as stated or occasional supply at St. Johnsville, Stone House Plains, Canastota, and in other places, with great acceptance. He was not idle, even when the sere leaves were falling. He loved to preach, and continued to do so down to a good old age. His wife, Elizabeth Barculo, was a beautiful woman. It is said, in early life, she had three suitors, one a doctor, one a lawyer, t-he third a minister. Her father, when consulted as to the choice she should make, said, " My daughter, these are all promising young men, and either would probably make you a good husband, but my advice is, that you marry the minister." This coincided with her own feelings, and, turning from wealth and posi- tion, she cast in her lot with the poor clergyman, and a most suitable com- panion did she prove to him. There are many who well remember this venerable patriarch. His hair, white as snow, hung in silken locks upon his bending shoulders. His eye sparkled with life even to the last. His step was elastic, his voice musical. The very touch of his hand was inspiring. He was remarkably social, and, with his inexhaustible fund of anecdote, was the life of every company in which he moved. His usual mode of preaching was from a full analysis. This he committed to memory. Before speaking he spent some time in meditating upon his subject, and then committing himself to the Lord with holy confidence, he carried the divine message to the people. He never used a manuscript in the pulpit. It was common for him, in his old age, to say, "Ministers nowadays read very well, but they do not preach.'' A friend in the Methodist ministry, liimself now quite advanced in life, said recently to the writer of this sketch : " I well remember your grand- father in his palmy days. He was a powerful preacher. In laj judg- 476 THE MISTISTET. ment, very few men could excel him in fine thought and eloquent ex- pression. His preaching was plain, practical, pungent. He was a real orator." He was also a good man, humbly relying upon the Lord Jesus Christ for his salvation. In his old age he once said to a near relative, " I feel I am a sinner, hut one saved by grace. For the last four years I have not been troubled with a, doubt of my acceptance with God through Christ, my Saviour." When approaching his end, he exclaimed, in Christian triumph : " O glorious hour I O blest abode ! I sliall be near and like my God, And sin and sense no more control Tbe inward pleasures of tbe soul." — Sev. Dr. Peter Stryher. Stryker, Peter, (s. of H. B. Stryker ;) B.C. 1845, N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. N.B. 1848 ; Earitan, 3d, 1848-51, Ehinebeck, 1851-56, Broome St.— after 1860, Thirty-fourth St.,— N.Y.C., 1856-68, (Philadelphia, Presbyt., 1868-71, Rome, N.Y., 1871-6, Saratoga, 1876—) D.D. by U.N.T. 1866. PvbUcaiions : Hist. Disc, at the last service in the Broome St. Ch., N.T.C, 1860. — Christian Life ; a Disc, commem. of the late Leonard W. Kip. 1863. — Little Gems in the Saviour's Crown ; or. Facts from the Death-bed Ex- periences of S.S. Children. — Hist of the Sunday-schools of the Thirty-fourth St. Church. — Jubilee Hymn of Thirty-fourth St. Church. — Strange Children: a Temperance ser. 1873. — The City wholly given to Idolatry •- the modern Athens of America. la Pulpit and Rostrum. — The Lower Depths of the Am. Metropolis. In Pulpit and Sosirum. — Very many articles in the several religious papers ; numerous hymns and tracts. Studdiford, Peter, b. 1763 in N.T.C, C.C. 1786, studied under Livingston, 1. by the Christian Synod of E.D. Churches, 1787 ; Readington and Bed- minster, 1787-1800, Readington, 1800-36, d. Nov. 30. Also appointed Prof, of Hebrew, in 1813. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1788. Possessing large views of divine truth, and a rich store of various knowledge, he was ready, instructive, and forcible in his preaching. He loved his work, and shrank not from effort in its performance. He was a faithful and affectionate pastor, a patriotic citizen, and a humble, devout, and liberal-minded Christian. He excelled as an extemporaneous preacher, transcending himself, when suddenly called on to take the place of some absentee. These efforts had all of the finish, and more than the force, of an elaborate preparation. — 3fag. M.D.O. i. 328. PuUicatmis : Fun. Ser. of Rev. Dr. Jac. E. Hardenbergh. 1790. [His son. Dr. Peter Ogilvie Studdiford, b. Jan. 11, 1799 ; R.C. 1816, teaching in Bedminster and Somerville, 1816-19, P.S. 1831, ord. an Evang. by Presbyt. N.B. Nov. 28, 1821, was settled at Solebury, Pa., 1833-5, and at Lambertville, N.J., 1825-66, d. June 5.— See Memorial.'] THE MINISTET. 477 Studdiford, Peter Augustus, (s. of Rev. P. 0. Studdiford;) C.N.J. 1849, P.S. 1855, (Milford, N.J., 1855-9,) Belleville, 1859-66.— P?-«%*. Sturges, Smith. Whiteliouse, 1858-63. SucKOW, Chakles F. C. N.B.S. 1870, lie. CI 1870 ; New-Brooklyn, 1870— [Sutter, Samuel, b. iu Switzerland, 1733 ; ordained in Pbiladelpliia, 1768? Mecklenburg Co., N.C., 1768-71, Guilford, N.C., 1771-84, Mecklenburg, 1782-6, Orangeburg, S.C, 1786-8, d.] His father started to America with his family in 1738, but all except Samuel perished on the way. His father and two sisters died on the shores of England, where the ship had put in for repairs from a gale. On the passage over they encountered thirteen severe storms, during four months, and at length, on the coast of Virginia, the last storm proved fatal to most of the parties on board. Two hundred and twenty perished. Samuel was brought to the shore almost lifeless. He organized most, if not all, of the German churches in GuUford and Orange Cos., N.C.] Sdtphen, Dated Schtjremait, b. at Bedminster, N.J., Apr. 34, 1843 ; R.C. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. Earitan, 1867 ; New-Utrecht, 1867 Publications: Articles in the Somerset Unionist, 1864, 1873. — Daft Willie : a Poem. In Gh. Weekly, 1873 ; in Sower, 1874.— Arts, on Eev. Peter Van Buren, iu C7i. Int. 1868 : on the Nativity ; two articles on our Theolog. Sem. Sept. 7 and 14, 1871. — Arts in Kings Co. Sural Oatette : — Thanksgiving ; Let- ters on Travels in Canada, 1874. — How to study the Bible : an Essay deliv. before Kings Co. S.S. Assoc. 1876.— Hist. Disc, at 300th Annlver. R.C. New- Utrecht, 1877. SUTPHEN, Jas. G. R.C. 1875, N.B.S. 1876-8. SuYDAM, J. Howabd. R.C. 1854, N.B.S. 1857, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1857 ; Fishkill Landing, 1857-63, Philadelphia, 1st, 1863-8, Jersey City, 3d, 1868— Publications: Two sermons on Hist, of R.P.D.C. — The Lord of Hosts. 1859. — Consolation ; on occasion of the death of Lieutenant Sprole, of New- burgh.— Christian Patriotism.— Hist, of First Ref. Ch. of Philadelphia. 1868. — The Cruger Family. — Cruel Jim. — The Wreckmaster. — The Emerald Ring : The Misunderstanding. Fugitive articles and letters by " Prout," in Ch. Int. Swain, Geo. R.C. 1803, N.B.S. 1866, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1866 ; Middlebush, 1866-8, Freehold, 1st, 1868-73, (Brooklyn, Presbyt., 1873-5, Allentown, N.J., 1875-) D.D. by R.C. 1878. Swartz, , student in N.B.S., d. 1830. Swartwout, John, student in N.B.S., d. 1815. 478 THE MINISTET. SwiCK, MiNOE. E.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, ]. CI. Geneva, 1861 ; Stuyvesant Falls, 1861-5, Wawarsing, 1865-9, Cato, 1869-71, Oyster Bay, 1871-77, w. c. Switz, Ab. J., b. at Schenectady, 1785 ;U. C. 1817, N.B.S. 1820, lie. CI. N.B. 1830; Miss, in CI. Montgomery, 1831, at Westerlo and Oakliill, N.T., 1833, at Athol, Jolinsburgli, Caldwell and Warren, N.Y., 1833, Schagli- ticoke and Tyaslioke, 1833-9, Wawarsing, 1839-35, Greenville, Sd, 1837- 43. Died Jan. 34, 1878. When he retired from the active work of the pastorate in 1843, he made his home in Schenectady. There he lived a retired and quiet life. But he did not cease either to love the Church or to work for it. It was his delight, as long as he was able, to preach for neighboring brethren and churches when- ever opportunity served. For many years he was the faithful Stated Clerk of his Classis, and up to the last was a working member, upon whose presence and zealous interest the brethren could always depend. With all his great heart he loved the Keformed Butch Church ; and he followed every action of Church courts, boards, and institutions with most eager interest. As long as he lived he was also the warm and self-sacrific- ing friend and supporter of the Second Church of Schenectady ; and it must be said to his praise that while he was a man of very positive convic- tions, and naturally disposed to lead rather than to follow, he never sought to rule the church^here he worshiped, nor in any way to influence the action of its officers or people, but only to second its efforts and cherish its interests with the tenderest parental care. — Bev. Jolm A. BeBaun. Talmage, David M., (s. of J. V. N. Talmage.) E.G. 1874, N.B.S. 1877, 1 CI. N.B.; voyage to China, Oct. -Deo. 11, 1877 ; Amoy, 1877— *Talmage, Goyn, b. Dec. 7, 1831, at Somerville, N.J.; R.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. N.B. 1845 ; Rockaway, 1845-51, Niskayuna, 1851-5, Green- point, 1855-63, Cor. Sec. Bd. Dom. Missions, 1862-7, Khinebeek, 1867-71, Paramus, 1871— D.D. by K.C. 1876. Pvhlications :■ Admonitions for the Times. 1861. — The Reformed Dutch Church, a Goodly Heritage, with Hist. Appendix. Greenpoint, 1863. — Christ in the Storm. (Death of a Union Soldier.) 1866. — Religious Tests. Pub- lished in Christian at Work. 1875. — Perils of Young Men. 1878. — Annual ports of Board of Domestic Missions for five years. Talmage, Jas. R. C.N.J. 1836, N.B.S. 1829, 1. CI. N.B. 1839 ; Miss, to Pottsville, Pa., 1839-31, Jersey City, 1831-3, Pomptou Plains, 1838-6, Blawenburgh, 1837-49, Athens, 1849-50, Brooklyn, Middle, 1850-3, Green- hush, 1853-60, Chittenango, 1860-9, Wawarsing, 1869-74, Wilt wick, 1874— D.D. by R.G. 1864. Publications : A Disc, occasioned by Death of Capt. Is. M. Talmage, his son. 1865. Talmage, John V. N. E.G. 1843, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1845 ; * Jas. K., John T. N,, Goyn, and T. D. W. Talmage are brothers. THE MINISTEY. 479 S.S. Central Ch., Brooklyn, 1845-C, at Middle.Cli., Brooklyn, 1846, voyage to China, Apr.-Aug. 1847, Amoy, 1847-9, voyage to America, Mar.-Aug. 1849, in America, 1849-50, voyage to China, March-July, 1850, Amoy, 1850-03, voyage to America, April-Aug. 1862, in America, 1862-5, voyage to China, Jan. -June, 1865, Amoy, 1865-72, voyage to America, Apr. -July, 1872, in America, visiting the churches, 1872-4, voyage to China, June- Aug. 1874, Amoy, 1874— D.D. by R.C. 1867. Publications : Translations into the Amoy Colloquial, in Roman characters, of the following, (in whicli the other missionaries assisted to a greater or less extent :) A Primer, pp. 30. 1853.— Spelling Book, pp. 15. 1853.— First Keader, pp. 17. 853. — Burn's Version of Pilgrim's Progress, pp. 77. 1853. —The Book of Ruth, pp. 20. 1853.— Several Hymns, pp. 26. 1859.— The Gospel of Luke, and the following Epistles . Galatians, John, Peter, Ephe- sians, and Phllippians. — Also the Heidelberg Catechism. — In English : Hist, and Ecc. Relations of the Churches of the Presbyterial Order, at Amoy, China. 8vo, pp. 74. N.Y., 1863. — Many letters to the papers, and reports to the Miss. Bd. Talmage, Peter Stryker, (s. of Rev. Jehial Talmage, see Princeton Sem- Gen. Catalogue;) b. in Somerville, N.J., Oct. 5, 1819 ; J.C. 1845, P.S. 1848 ; ord. by Presbyt., Nov. 1848; [Oneida Valley, N.Y., 1848-50, Malta, N.Y., 1850-3 ;] Stone House Plains, N. J., 1853-65 ; preaching in halls in north- ■ivestern Philadelphia, 1865-8 ; Philadelphia, Bethune Memorial, 1868 ; Bethlehem Miss., Philadelphia, 1869 ; Manayunk, Jan. 1870-74, d. He was converted in early life. He married, in 1850, the daughter of Archibald Davis, Esq., a prominent merchant of New -York. Upon remov- ing to Philadelphia he began preaching in the northwestern part of the city, first in the hall of the Wagner Institute, and then in the hall at T welftt Street and Montgomery Avenue, Here he established the Bethune Mission, after miicli earnest, constant, and self-sacrificing work. The Bethune Memorial Church was soon organized. Upon taking charge at Manayunk new life was infused into that church. During his short pastorate there 118 were added to the membership. He was beloved by his church, and the entire commu- nity. Gentle and kind as a little child, he was nevertheless a man of great energy of character, a public-spirited, high-toned Christian gentleman. Said one at his funeral : " During a friendship of thirty years, I have known the deceased as a kind, patient, painstaking Christian, of transparent hon- esty, unfeigned godliness, steady loyalty and unfailing love, a man of peace, but firm for truth and righteousness, whilo his pastorate was remarkable for the fidelity and fullness of his ministrations." Publications : Comfort in Soitow : On the Death of a Beloved Child. 1861. Talmage, Thos. A. B.C. 1857, N.B.S., 1860, d. 1861. Taimage, T. DeWitt. N.Y.U. 1858, N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. N.B. 1856 ; Belle- ville, 1856-9, Syracuse, 1859-63, Philadelphia, 2d, 1862-9, (Brooklyn,Presb., 1869— D.D. Publications : Several Volumes of Sermons. — Crumbs Swept Up. — ^Abomi- 480 THE MINISTKY. nations of Modem Society. 1873.— Sports that Kill.— Around the Tea-Taqle. —Good Cheer. 1863.— A Temperance Sermon, " The Evil Beast." 1873.— " As the Stars Forever," in Pvlpit Eloquence Nineteenth Cen«.— Editor of The Christian at Work, 1873-6, containing many of his Sermons.— Sermons in The Methodist, and in The Christian Age, of London. Takbell, John Geostenok, b. at Brimfield, Mass., 1794; Harvard Univ. 1830, N.B.S. 1835, 1. CI. KB. 1835, ord. CI. Bergen, 1837; Miss, to Mont- ville, 1836, to Berne, 1836, Stone House Plains, 1837-8, Sand Beach, 1830-3, Caroline, 1833-40, w. c, emeritus. Tasschemaker, Tassemaker, see Tesschemaeker. Taylor, Atoeew B., b. in Philadelphia, 1833; B.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1843 ; supplied Allegan, 1843-8, supplied Grand Rapids, 1843-8, Macon and Ridgeway, 1848-53, (also supplied Congreg. Ch. at Raisin, 1848-53,) Irvington, 1853-5, English Neighborhood, 1855— Tatloe, Benj. C, (son-in-law of Rev. J. V. C. Romeyn ;) C.N.J. 1819, N.B.S. 1833, 1. CI. N.B. 1833 ; Greenbush and Blooming Grove, 1833-5, Aquacka- nonck. 1835-8, Bergen, 1838.— Elected a. trustee of B.C. 1857. S.T.D. by Coll. Geneva, 1843. Emeritus, 1870. Publications : A Sermon at English Neighborhood, N.J., before the Edu- cation Soc. of CI. Bergen. 1838. — The School of the Prophets : a Ser. before Bd. of Sups. 1839. Appendix contains a catalogue of the students, N.B.S., 1810-1889. — Annals of the Classis and Township of Bergen. ISmo, pp. 479. 1856.— A Disc, at 300th Anniv. of R.P.D. C. of Bergen, N.J. 1861.— Fun. Ser. of Capt. Wm. H. Cochrane. 1864.— Manual of BP.D.C. of Bergen. 1867.— Address at Fun. of Mrs. Sarah A. Birch. 1869. ■f' Tatlob, Geo. Ika, b. at Northumberland, N.Y., 1838 ; U^. 1843, U.S. 1847, lie. Presbyt. N.Y., Oct. 1847 ; ord. Presbyt. Troy, 1849';' [Sand Hill, N.Y., 1849-51, Charlton, N.Y., 1851-4, Lawrenceburgh, Ind., 1856-65, Malta, N.Y., 1869-74, all Presbyt.;] Boght, 1874— Tatlok, Graham, (s. of W. J. B. Taylor,) b. at Schenectady, N.Y., 1851 ; B.C. 1870, N.B.S. 1873, 1. CI. Newark ; Hopewell, July 1, 1878— (Taylor, H. S.S. Chittenango, 1839-30.) Taylor, Wesley. B.C. 1847, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. Paramus, 1850 ; Samsonville, 1851-3, North-Esopus and Kleyn Esopus, 1853-4, 1858, susp. Taylor, Wm. J. B., (s. of Benj. C. Taylor,) b. at Schodack, N. Y. ; B.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. Bergen, 1844; New-Durham, 1844-6, Van Vorst, 1st, (Jersey City, 3d,) 184G-9, Schenectady, 1849-53, Jersey City, 3d, 1853-4, Philadelphia, 3d, 1854^63, Cor. Sec. Am. Bible Soc. 1863-9, Newark, (Clin- ton Av.,) 1869— D.D. by R.C. 1860. Elected a trustee of B.C. 1878. Publications : Our God our Glory. Thanksgiving Sermon. 1850.— Remi- niscences of Rev. G. B. Williamson. (la Cypress Wreath.)— Fovl!: Letters to f My 31 KEFOKMED CHURCH, CLINTOIT AVE., NEWABK, X. J. THE MINISTEY. 481 Theological Students. (In Christian Intelligencer.) 1851. — The Word of God not Bound. A Sermon for the Philadelphia Bible Society. 1854. — Phila. Evening Bulletin. — A Discourse Commemorative of the late Eev. Henry G. LivingBton, Feb. 18, 1855. — The Daughter of My People. A Sermon on the State of Keligion, Nov. 9, 1856. — The Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in Philadelphia. A Historical Discourse, Jan. 25, 1857. — The Position of the Church and her Children in the Present Great Awakening. A Sermon be- fore the General Synod, in Newark, N.J., June, 1858. Christian Intelligencer, June 24, 1858. — On Systematic Beneficence, with Facts and Forms Showing the Working of the System. Board of Publication Ref.Ch. 1858. Tract No. 41. — ^First Annual Report, American Systematic Beneficence Society. 1858. — Sermon Commemorative of the Rev. John Ludlow, D.D.,LL.D., Nov. 15, 1857. Board of Publication R.P.D. Church. 1858.— A Voice from the Austria. Tract No. 610. Am. Tract Society. — Four Hours in Mid-Ocean. A condensation of the above tract for General Circulation. A.T.S. — Mnn Moral and Physical. Article in the Princeton Meview, April, 1860. — Chris- tian Union. Article in the Evangelist Quarterly, April, 1860. — God's Care of Our Land. Thanksgiving Discourse. 1860. EvangelicaZ Quarterly, Jan., 1861. — The Parsees. Evangelical Quarterly. 1860. — The Power of Christ's Resurrection. A Sermon. In the Herald of Truth, vol. ii. No. 26. 1860. — Louisa. A Pastor's Memorial. 1 vol. 16mo. Am. Sunday-School Union. 1863. — A Burning and a Shining Light. Discourse Commemorative of the Hon. Theodore Frelinghuysen, LL.D., Apr. 27, 1863. National Preacher, June, 1863. — Discourse on the Death of the late George W. Bethune, D.D., May 35, 1863. — Address at Forty-Sixth Anniversary of the American Bible Society. 1863. — Oration before the Alumni Association of Rutgers College, June 16, 1863, Historical. — Address to Agents of the American Bible So- ciety at Conferences held in Chicago, 111., and Albany, N.T. 1864. — Address in Memory of Mrs. Eliza Mary Taylor. New-Tork, Dec. 4, 1867. Printed for private circulation. — Address at Funeral of the Rev. Joseph F. Berg, D.D., Prof, of Theology, delivered at Philadelphia, July, 1871. New-Brum- wicTc limes, July 35, 1871.— African Colonization. Speech at the Anniver- - sary of the Am. Colonization Society, at Washington, D. C, Feb. , 1873. In Tlie African Repository .—The Holy Waters. Sermon at the Quarter Century Celebration of the Pastorate of Rev. P. D. Van Cleef, D.D., Jersey City, N. J., 1877.— The Jubilee of Freedom and of Faith. A Centennial Discourse at the Second Ref. Ch., Philadelphia, July 3, 1876. In Christian Foices.— The Bible in the Last One Hundred Years. A Historical Discourse for the Amer- ican Bible Society in the United States Centennial. 1876. — American Meth odism in 1876. Article in PreAyterian Quarterly and Princeton Beview October, 1876. — The Peculiar History of the Reformed Church in America, in Relation to Theological Education. In Centennial Discourses.— 'Fhe Bible for the Nation. A Semi-Centennial Address for the Washington City Bible Soc. 1878.— The Pastor's Jubilee. A Response for the Family at the Jubi- lee Celebration of the Pastorate of Rev. Dr. B. C. Taylor. 1878.— Christian Enthusiasm. An Address to the Soc. of Inquiry of the Theolog. Sem. R.C. A: 1878.— Decennial Memorial of Clinton Av. Ref. Ch., Newark. 1878.— Re^. 31 482 THE MINISTKT. ports and Sandry Official Documenta prepared as One of the Corresponding Secretaries of the American Bible Society, from July, 1863, to Jan. 1, 1870.— Editorials, etc., in the BMe Society Record, same period. — Annual Reports of General Synod's Standing Committee on the Peter Hertzog Theological Hall. 1869 to 1876 inclusive.— Editorials in the Ohristicm Intelligencer from 1873 to 1876 inclusive.— Many Miscellaneous Articles, Addresses, and Com- munications in our own and other religious periodicals and newspapers. — Reports in Minutes of General Synod, 1857-1876. — Presidential Sermon at the Opening of General Synod In Brooklyn, L.I. 1873. Christian Intelli- gencer.— A few Hymns on Special Occasions, Christmas, Easter, etc. — The Rescued Brand. No. 161, vol. v. Tracts. Am. Tract Society. — Contri- butions, chiefly Biographical and Historical, relating to the Reformed Church in America, and Article on English and American Hymnology, in all about two hundred columns, in McClintock and Strong's- Cyclopedia of Biblical, Iheological and Ucclesiastical lAterature, now in course of publication by Harper & Brothers. Taylok, Wm. Riveks. R.C. 1876, N.B.S. 1879. Teller, Jas. H., from Presbyt. of Washington ; Miss, in Ludlow and Orchard Sts., N.Y.C., 1836-9, d. 1830. [Templeman, Conrad, b. 1687 ; unlicensed ; in Lancaster Co., 1737-60, or- dained by direction of the Holland Synod, 1753, d. 1761.] He was urged by the people to teach and preach to them, since they were destitute of any minister. When Schlatter arrived, as an agent of Classis he ofiered to resign to a regular minister, if one were sent. He was blind for the last few years of his life, yet continued to preach. The records of his church show him to have been an eminently pious man and faithful minister. Ten Eyck, Conrad, b. 1756 ; studied under D. Romeyn ; Amsterdam, New-. Harlem, (Fonda's Bush,) and Mayfield, 1799-1803 ; Veddersburg, New- Harlem, and Mayfield, 1803-i ; New-Harlem and Mayfield, 1804-13 ; Owas- co and Sand Beach, (Owasco Outlet,) 1813-36 ; w. c. 1836-44, d. Oct. 30. He was the grandson of the Ten Eyck who owned a large farm at the forks of the Raritan, New-Jersey. He became a volunteer in the American army before he was twenty years old, and shared largely in its perils. His patriotic zeal was conspicuous throughout the struggle for national inde- pendence, and for years afterward he would dilate upon these themes with rekindled fervor of emotion. His first wife, who bore him two sons, was Elizabeth Thompson, said to be the daughter of Judge Thompson, of New- Brunswick, N. J. (?) Probably it was their child, " Hendrick Burger," who was baptized at Somerville, N. J., July 35, 1790. If so, this child and his mother both died soon after, leaving the father a widower with two sons, William and Conrad. Afterward he married Jane, daughter of Capt. John Thompson (see Thompson, F. B.) and Jane Stryker, who was sister of Rev .Peter Stryker (Stbykee, Peter). By her he had five children, two of whom THE MINISTEY. 483 married ministers. One alone still survives, John Thompson Ten Eyck, of Owasco, N. T. Soon after this second marriage, Capt. John Thompson and family followed him to Schenectady, where he was tutor of the High School in connection with Union College, Luther Halsey being the principal. "VSTiile here he completed his course of study for the ministry. To Amsterdam, his first charge, Broadalbin and Mayfield were afterward joined. He subse- quently took up his residence at Broadalbin, or Fonda's Bush, as more cen- tral. He is mentioned (Doc. Hist. iii. 1108, 8vo ed. ; 4to ed., 673, 683) as officiating at times at Amsterdam, Mayfield, and the adjacent churches in the year 1803. Perhaps he supplied them while tutor in the grammar school in Schenectady. It is said that some notice of his work may be foucil in Dr. Goodale's history of the church of Amsterdam. He is remembered for the encouragement and aid he gave to young men in their endeavors to acquire knowledge ; especially for his kindness to " Father S. M. Hopkins in his earlier struggles to prepare himself for the ministry, aiding him per- sonally in his theological studies, securing for him a position," etc. So writes the Eev. Dr. Charles Hawley, of Auburn, N. T., from whose manu- script the following extract also is taken : " The ministry of Mr. Ten Eyck at Owasco was memorable for a contro- versy raised against him by some of the members of his congregation, be- cause of his preaching a free and unlimited atonement, which resulted in charges brought against him, in the year 1819, for heretical opinions, before the Classis of Montgomery. In his carefully prepared defense, which was published, Mr. Ten Eyck acknowledges these charges in form and proceeds to show that the views he holds of the atonement in its nature and extent are in accordance with the Scriptures and the standards of the Reformed Dutch Church. ' ' The consistories of each of the churches of Owasco and Sand Beach, in written communications laid before the Classis, disavowed any sympathy with this complaint respecting the doctrine taught by our reverend minister, and aiErmed that in bringing the grievance to their notice they had only acted to gratify the complainants, and to bring the differences to a peace- ful and happy close. The Classis by a vote of 11 to 6 dismissed the charges, on the ground that the different views held on such subjects are not of such a nature as ought to destroy the peace and harmony of churches and the fellowship of Christian brethren. An appeal was taken to the nest Particular Synod, and the action was sustained by that body." — (Comp. Mn. Gen. Synod, 1820, p. 66.) The Eev. Artemus Dean, in a historical discourse preached in the church of Sand Beach, June 80, 1876, and printed in a local paper, says : "Domine Ten Eyck's salary as pastor of the Sand .Beach church was $150 in money and one hundred and fifty bushels of wheat. He received a like compen- sation from the church in Owasco. It was his practice to deliver two sermons at the Beach on the same day, followed by a lecture at one of the neighboring school-houses in the parish, and the next Sabbath he would officiate at Owasco. On Thursday afternoon he conducted a catechetical exercise in some one of the school-houses in the parish, using the catechism 484 THE MINISTRY. ■>■ prepared by Domine Hellenbroek, once pastor of the cliurcli in Rotterdam. Prayer-meetings, under the name of societies, were held in private houses. The meetings were well attended by old and young until the latter part of his ministry. Domine Ten Eyck preached without notes, his sermons being about an hour in length. " I give you the portrait of the man as it is drawn by those who sixty-five years ago were little bo^s in his parish. He was a man of great executive ability, peremptory in manner, and fond of having his own way. The children were all afraid of him, and when he came into the hoase, the more timid would skulk away, dodge out of doors, or hide under the bed, to escape his eye. It would seem that the young people were somewhat restive under his rule, for tradition reports that he has been known to go out and shake his whip at the boys skating on the lake at forbidden hours, and assure them that they would all come to the bad ending, if they did not go to meeting. When the Domine met the children on their way to and from school, they would form in line on the side of the road, and make their manners to him as he passed. Domine Ten Eyck was evidently the great man of the parish, and was well content to have it so. His five boys and two girls, it is said, rejoiced in the shadow of his greatness, and carried their heads high, as became the children of such a sire." These peculiarities are so exactly like those of even later days in Somer- set County, N.J., as to afford strong presumptive evidence that Mr. Ten Eyck, (as well as most of his people,) had emigrated from the church of North-Branch, now Readington, N.J. The Rev. Mr. Dean adds : " In the year 1816, under the pastorate of Domine Ten Eyck, the glory of the Lord was revealed in a most wonderful manner, and converts were gathered in like the dew-drops of the morning. The interest first began in Owasco about the middle of January, and increased with such rapidity that on the first Sabbath in March one hundred and one were received on profession of their faith. On the second Sabbath in May, seventy-one were received into fellowship in the Sand Beach church. Meanwhile the work went on throughout all parts of the town, and in July, one hundred and forty were received into the church in Owasco. In October, fourteen were received into the Sand Beach church ; and in January, 1817, nine were received into the Owasco church, all on profession ;" making a total in one year of three hunclred and fifty-one. In a letter from Mr. Ten Eyck, published in the Auburn Gazette, April 3, 1817, he writes : " As several young persons from Sand Beach congregation were present at the examination [of converts at Owasco], these returned home deeply affected. This society had generally remained in a state of spiritual stupor ; but the news of the large accession to the church of Owasco, together with the impressions made on the minds of those before mentioned, operated like an electrical shock — the flame spread with a rapidity unequaled by any thing I ever before witnessed. In the course of a few days there was scarcely a family in the neighborhood where there were not some more or less under serious impressions, and in some families all who were not church-members were anxiously Inquiring what they should THE MIXISTET. 4S'i5 do to be saved Conferences were appointed for eiFery evening in tlie week except Saturday evening. On these I was obliged to attend, and in most of them to lecture. I appointed one evening in the week to meet for religious conversation in the neighborhood. This meeting I found peculiarly serviceable. My time was now wholly occupied in visiting from house to house, and attending upon those who came for instruction. For four weeks there was nothing attended to in my house of a worldly nature, but what was absolutely necessary to keep soul and body together." Dr. Hawley writes that in his last days. Father Ten Ey ck was loth to speak of his martial achievements, " which seemed to him less suited to one who was so near the grave ; preferring that the things of Christ and eternity should be the burden of his thoughts, and the theme of his conversation. He died at East-Gainsville, while residing with his son, Deacon William Ten Eyck, in the 88th year of his age. He was for more than half a century an earnest and godly minister, of high repute in his own Church, and greatly esteemed by his Presbyterian brethren, especially in that region, with whom in doc- trinal views and measures for promoting the work of God he was in such close sympathy." — Ben. Dr. J. B. Thompson. Ten Eyck, Jas. B.,b. at Kingston, N.Y. 1798 ; U.C. 1818, N.B.S. 1831, lie. CI. N.B. 1831 ; Berea, 1821-73, d. He was of the best and oldest of the Knickerbocker stock. Familiar with the mother tongue of the Netherlands, the good Datch divines of Europe were his daily study and delight, and it was his pleasure to trans- late their gems into English. , As a student and thinker, Mr. Ten Eyck was superior. Exceedingly modest and retiring, he seldom made display of his attainments, but when occasion demanded, his store of learning became manifest. In conversation among friends, in lectures on varied subjects, in expositions of Scripture, and in familiar letters he was both pleasant and most instructive. Had he been an ambitious man, and possessed of pecuniary means, he could have been an author of value in our denomination. He was not a great or popular preacher. The sermons were methodical, rich in matter, and often exceedingly well expressed, but the style and man- ner were of the former days. His people, however, grew in grace and knowledge, and the older members of his flock ever continued tenderly attached to the teacher and shepherd who so long guided them in the Lord. He was faithful, too, in every ministerial duty. The fathers died and the children took their places, and yet the gray -haired pastor fed his flock , and joined in the councils of Zion. The fiftieth anniversary of his settlement at Berea had been celebrated, and he and his numerous friends were pre- paring for the " golden wedding" which should worthily mark the half century, during which he and his beloved consort had shared the lights and shadows of the pastorate, when the Lord called his servant to his reward. Sincere mourning marked his burial, and affectionate remembrance on the part of many is his monument. — Rev. Dr. Chas. Scott. Ten Eyck, Wm. Hoffman, b. at Schenectady, N.T., May 19, 1818 ; E.G. 486 THE MINIStET. 1845,]Sr.B.S. 1848, lie. CI. N.B. ; Hyde Park, 1848-53, Astoria, 1853-74, ■n-.c. D.D. byR.C. 1870. Publications: Address at Fun. of Judge K. H. Morris. 1855.— Add. at Fun. of Mrs. Mary V. A. S. Benner. 1867. Tessclienmaeker, Peter. Xlniv. Utreolit, 1673 ? Kingston, 1675-6 ;^ Guiana, S.A., 1676-8, New-Amstel, Del., 1679-83, supplied Staten Is., Bergen, etc., occasionally, 1679-83, Schenectady, 1682-90, massacred Feb. 8. He was living at Kingston, N.Y., in 1676, as a theological licentiate. On account of the great scarcity of Dutch ministers, only one having come from Holland during the preceding twelve years, (Van Nietjwenhuysen,) and only three being then in America, the Dutch and English inhabitants of Kingston united in petitioning Governor Andros to find means for the ordi- nation of young Tesschenmaeker, who had already as a proponent officiated for them. But no response appears. (Van Rekssblaek.) Tesschenmaeker, for reasons unknown, then went to Guiana, where he remained a couple of years, after which he is found in Delaware. The people there greatly desired a minister,'and requested the Dutch clergy to organize themselves into a Classis, and ordain him. The ministers were disposed to help this people to the gospel, and the Governor desired to strengthen his distant colony. On Sept. 30, 1679, he therefore authorized the clergy to examine him, and if found qualified, to ordain him as minister at New-Amstel. The four Dutch ministers, viz.. Van Nieuwenhuysen, Schaats, Van Gaasbeek and Van Zuuren, took the responsibility of organizing a Classis, and ordaining one to the ministry without permission or direction of the Classis of Amsterdam. They hesitated a little, because they were all Cocceians, and the candidate was a Voetian in theology. The Classis subsequently ratified the proceedings. This was the first Dutch ordination in America. The Dutch and French on Staten Island were anxious to secure his services. He was one of the victims of the terrible Indian massacre at Schenectady. The French were seeking to gain control of the Indian trade, and had care- fully planned the capture of Albany and New-Tork from the English, the year before. The pian was not wholly carried out, but a party of French and Indians left Montreal, and proceeding by the way of Lake Champlain, in- tended to attack Albany. But the Indian chiefs not consenting, they turned off toward Schenectady. They gave orders that Tesschenmaeker's life should be spared, an account of the information they could obtain from him. But his house was not known, and before he could be personally recognized, he was slain, and his house and papers burned. His head was cloven open, and his body burned to the shoulder-blades. This took place on a Saturday night at midnight. Sixty persons lost their lives. — N. Y. Gen. JEntries, xxxii. 61. Doe. Hist. i. 179-195 ; iii. 583. Col. Hist. iii. 458 ; v. 458 ; ix. 468. Brodhead's N. T. ii. B.B.C. Mag. ii. 828. Smith's N. T. 66, 116, 125. Cen- ien. jDiscs. 50. Danker and Sluyter's Journal, 111, 142, 160, 190, 232. Terhtjnb Edwatsd p., b. in New-Brunswick, N.J. ; R.C. 1850, N.B.S.1854_ lie. Presbyt. N.B. 1854; ord. by Presbyt. West-Hanover, Va.,1854; THE MINISTEY. 487 [Cliarlotte Court House, Presbyt., 1854-9J Newark, 1st, 1859-76, Chaplain at Borne, Italy, 1876-7. D.D. by E.G. 1869. Tetard, J.Peter, {Fr. Bef.) Charleston, S.C, 1758-64 ; N.T.C. 1764r-76, d. 1787. He TV/IS the last minister in the old Dutch meeting-house at Fordham, which was built 1706.— Doc. Eist. iu. 315. Watson's Euguemts, 87, 88. WaMron's FordMrn. Te WnnoJE, Jan Willem, b. in Holland, Neths., 1836; H.C. 1866, H.S. 1869, lie. a 1869 ; Oostburg, Wis., 1869-71, Holland, Neb., 1781-6, aymer Village, Feb.-Aug. 1876, Kalamazoo, 1876-8, Bethel, 1878— [Theus, from Switzerland, ordained by the Presbyts. 1739 ; Congaree, S.C, etc., 1739-75, and perhaps loagei.—Em-iaugh's Lives, ii. 878. Thompsok, Ab. R.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1861 ; Miss, at PeUa, 1862-8, Pella, 2d, 1868-71, S.S. Pekin, 111., 1871-2, S.S. Pella, 3d, 1873-4, Rector of E.G. Gram. School, 1874t-6, N. Y.C., Knox Memorial Cha- pe], 1877— Thompson, Alex. R. U.N.T^ 1842, P.S. 1845, 1. 3d Presbyt. N.T. 1845 ; asst. to Dr. Broadhead, Central Ch., Brooklyn, 1845, (asst. to Dr. Thos. Macauley in Astor Place Presbyt. Ch., N.Y., 1845, Morrlstown, N. J., Presby. I 1846-7,) Miss, at Bedford, Brooklyn, 1847-8, Tompkinsville, 1848-51, Stapleton, 1851-9, (supplied South Cong. Church, Bridgeport, Ct., 1859-63,) N.T.C., 31st St., 1863-73, North-Brooklyn, 1873— Publications : Casting Down Imaginations : A Ser. at the Opening of Gen. Syn. 1874. — The Points of Similarity between the Struggle for Indepen- dence in America and that of our Holland Ancestors. In Centennial Eises. 1876. Thompson, D. E. Fort Miller, 1843. Thompson, Frederick Bordine,* b. at New-Brunswick, N.J., Nov. 5, 1809 ; R.C. 1831; N.B.S. 1834; Upper Red Hook, 1834-36 ; Ag't. Bd. of Miss. 1836-7 ; S.S. at Holmdel, 1837-8 ; voyage to Singapore, May 25-Sept. 7, 1838 ; Singapore, 1838-9, Batavia, Java, Oct. 3, 1839-41 ; Karangan, Bor- neo, Feb. 4, 1842-6 ; voyage to Europe, 1847 ; at Berne, Switzerland, 1847 -8, d. March 3. While quite young, he became religiously impressed ; and when more matured, these feelings were so quickened under the preaching of the Rev. Isaac Ferris, as to encourage a formal profession of faith, which was carried into effect when the Rev. James B. Hardenbergh assumed the pastorate of the 1st Ref. Ch. ol Kew-Brunswick. In his address at the one hundred and fiftieth anniversary of that church. Dr. Ferris says: "After my ministry * It is said that this misdonary always wrote his name Thomson, not Thompson, His ancestry and other relatives, however, followed the nsnal orthography. Attention was only drawn to this fact after this article, with all the cross-references, had been prepared. It was thought, therefore, best to let the old orthography stand. 488 THE MINISTRY. terminated, it overwhelmed me to hear from the precious man and devoted missionary, Frederick B. Tliompson, tliatthe vrord of my lips had been made the word of hfe to his soul." ! His mental aptitude, displayed at catechetical exercises, so won the atten- tion of Dr. Hardenbergh, that he persuaded young Thompson to direct his attention to the ministry. In college, his scholarship secured the Latin salutatory. While in the seminary, the subject of missions greatly engaged his attention ; and subsequent years so confirmed his convictions of duty in the matter, that a pleasant ministerial charge was resigned, in order to enter upon his great life-work. The financial embarrassment of 1837 so affected the missionary enterprises of the day, that after his acceptance by the Board, his departure was delayed nearly two years. This time, however, was employed in ministerial labors at Holmdel, N.J. , and in exciting a missionary interest in the churches by personal visitations. The long interval which passed between the landing at Singapore, and the final settlement at Karangan, was employed in com- plying with the requisition of a year's residence at Batavia, imposed by the government of Netherland India upon all our missionaries who contempla- ted laboring in districts subject to the j urisdiction of Holland, and in explora- tions in Borneo, with a view of ascertaining tUe most suitable location for the proposed mission. During the compulsory residence at Batavia, he expe- rienced the first of his many afflictions, in the death of his devoted wife — daughter of Nicholas Wyckoff, of New-Brunswick, — " who left behind her," says a late writer, " a savor of meek, unobtrusive piety, and an example of Christian energy and efficiency which finds but few equals at the present day." In the settlement at Karangan, in company with Youngblood and Steele, he went forth to the labors, the joys, and the sacrifices of a missionary career. "While here died his second wife, Emma Cecilia Combe, " a most esti- mable Swiss lady, of eminent piety, who was sent forth to labor in the East, by the Female Missionary Society of Geneva." The incessant labors of Mr. Thompson gradually impaired his health, and in one of his missionary tours he first discovered symptoms of the disease which finally ended his life. His weakening strength, as well as the neces- sities of his motherless children, required a visit to America by way of Europe. During the passage, his disease rapidly developed, and not long after his arrival at Berne he died, in the 39th year of his age. His sepul- chre lies in the shadow of the Alps, marked with a plain marble tablet, although it was his heart's desire that Borneo should hold his .shes. Says he : " Here would I die, and here be buried in view of the people, that they might never forget that a teacher had been among them." Says his biographer in the American Missionary MemoriaZ : " As a mis- sionary, Mr. Thompson was prudent, enterprising, and persevering. The whole Church had the utmost confidence in him." This statement is only a reiteration of Dr. DeWitt, of the Collegiate Church, when he says : " Mr. Thompson is a tried and much-approved missionary, who has commended himself greatly through his whole course." Continues his biographer : THE MmiSTET. 489 " We are amazed at liis industry and perseverance. His Dyak Vocabulary, liis translations, and tlie large mass of manuscript lie has left behind, attest his toil. Had he lived, he would have completed an important work on the ' Economy of Missions,' the material for which he had left behind." A careful perusal of the ample journal left by Mr. Thompson induces the conviction that pre-eminently his great leading characteristic was loyal de- votion to his life-work. This it was that crystallized into a more perfect form and beautiful symmetry his moral and intellectual nature, and even impressed upon his personal exterior a graveness to which mirth was a stranger. In wending his way through the jungles and marshes of Borneo, this sustained his drooping form in the far-extended midnight teachings. This animated him in forming to Dyak utterances the beautiful sentiments - of our most familiar hymns. It was this that caused him to rejoice amid afflictions, in the prospect of a fuller consecration evoked by their fiery min- istry. Eeferring to the death of his wife, and the breaking up of his house- hold, he writes : " Truly the Lord sees it necessary to pour me from vessel to vessel, lest I should settle upon my lees." This gave strength to his weakened hand, when almost upon the last page of his journal he wrote : "O Borneo! how all my fond affections and desires for thee revive. May I yet live and labor more faithfully and prayerfully for thee. Thus life would be indeed a boon. '' And when his sainted form was sinking in death, this directed the delirium of fever in earnest advocacy before that Board which commissioned him to his missionary work. Writes the biographer already alluded to : " He fell at the prime of his life, and just at the time when his great usefulness became apparent, and at a peculiar crisis when the Church most needed his labors. Had he lived to the ordinary age of man, he would undoubtedly Lave stood among the very first missionaries of the present day. When the news of his death reached America, the whole Church was bowed in grief." But surely the Church need not mourn his death as untimely ; it was not. Thompson had completed his work ; and if his tentative efforts pointed the Church of his love to her more immediate field of missionary enterprise in China and Japan, then these widening circles of efficient activity proclaim that his task, with that of his worthy compeers, was a glorious one, and in its essaying sphere, a most completed one. — Jtev. M. N. Oliver. He was a grandson of Archibald Thompson .(believed to be of Scottish birth,) who, August 10, 1741, became a communicant in the Dutch church at New-Brunswick, where he married, first, Coba Schureman, by whom he had three children, John, George, and Peter. More than a dozen of " Capt. John's" descendants have been ministers or ministers' wives. (TEN ErCK. CONKAD.) Archibald Thompson's second wife was Elizabeth Stryker, sister of Eev. Peter Sttyker. (Stryker, Peter.) Their only daughter, Jane, died unmarried ; and their only son, Archibald A. , married Maria Bordine. They had seven children, of whom the sixth is the subject of this sketch. It was evident at an early age that he had inherited the virtues of his ancestors, his very childhood giving promise of that persevering industry and persistent piety which characterized Ms life. He became a communi- 490 THE MINISTKT. cant at seventeen and a pastor at twenty-five. He married (October 1, 1834,) Catharine, eldest daughter of Nicliolas Wyckoff, of his native city, and was ordained and installed November 12, next ensuing. But tlie kind- ness of his people, among whom he had many testimonies to the efficiency of his labors, could not quiet his anxiety for the heathen. "At last," he writes, ' ' I was brought to the firm conviction that God had said to me, in language too plain to be mistaken, 'Depart, for I will send thee far hence to the Gentiles '" . . . . With his wife and child, in company with Rev. W. J. Pohlinan and wife, (Pohlmas,) and other missionaries, he sailed from New- York, and reached Singapore after a voy- age of one hundred and five days. Here he took up his residence with Rev. E. Doty, (DOTT,) and began at once the study of the Malay language. After a vain attempt to secure a suspension of the Dutch law requiring mission- aries for Borneo to spend, first, a year at Batavia, he reached that city with his family, October 2, 1839, the fifth anniversary of his marriage, to which he makes fond allusion in his diary, all unconscious of what was to come. Six weeks later, November 16, his devoted wife was called to her rest. She sleeps beneath a monument sent out from her New-Jersey home. Grief and the care of his two motherless children occupied his time, but did not with- draw his thoughts from his work. November 9, 1840, he married Emma Cecilia Combe, a Swiss lady of eminent piety, a missionary of the well- known " Geneva Society," who had a Christian school at Batavia. He joined himself to her work, and continued his labor at the language, and in dis- tributing tracts and holding conversations in the market-place, until notified by the authorities to depart for Borneo. He arrived at Pontianak, in that Island, February 4, 1842, and took up his residence there with Kev. Wm. Youngblood. (Younqblood.) The same year he began the inland mission at Karangan, on the Landak, one hundred and forty miles by river from Pontianak. After innumerable hardships and delays, performing much of the labor with his own hands, he succeeded in securing a roof-tree under which he gathered his little family in one room, January 18, 1843. Two months later they were joined by Mr. Youngblood and family, and afterward by Eev. W. H. Steele. Here the principal work of his life was accomplished in the preparation of Dyak books, and in doing the work of an evangelist at the station and in the various settlements. Well might he be called "Un- tiring Tliompson." Rev. Dr. R. B. Anderson, a Secretary of the American Board, told Rev. Dr. Cannon that he was the most efficient missionary the American Board then had in the field. Like his Master before him, he went about doing good. Like that Master, also, he learned obedience by the things that he suffered. The death of his infant, Emily Adeline, early in October, 1843, was followed in the succeeding March by that of his second child, Eliza, then five years of age ; and in December next ensuing, his dear wife died on the journey down the river to Pontianak, alone with her babes and their Dyak nurse. Boon after, the only son followed his mother to the grave, while the father was at Karangan sick nigh to death, and alone ; yet not alone. By such discipline was he purified, sanctified, and made ready to be glorified. THE MIXISTET. 491 Grief and labor began to produce its effect upon even bis robust constitu- tion, and symptoms of consumption ensuing warned bim to place his little cbildren where they could have the care of relatives in case of his decease. Accordingly he left Karangan for Singapore, where he was compelled to wait three months for a vessel. Here he was busy as usual superintending the printing of tracts previously prepared. It was on the 16th of May, 1847, at St. Helena, that he bade adieu to his eldest child, Helen Maria, and sent her under friendly escort to the land of her nativity, to become in due time an efficient worker for missions, as the wife of Eev. M. N. Oliver. His journal and MS. works, as well as the journal of her mother, are in possession of this daughter. The father con- tinued his journey with his little child, Emma, to her grandmother's home at Berne, Switzerland, in which pious household his life flowed peacefully along. At first it seemed that he might rally again. Much was hoped for from the Grape Cure. But at the long communion service in the cold church on Christmas Day he became chiUed. Violent hemorrhages ensued, and the end was not far off. All the while " his silent preaching was hu- mility, resigned suffering, and uninterrupted looking for the Lamb of God." An interesting letter from Madame Combe, in the Uhrisiian Intelligencer of May 31, 1849, shows with what submission, patience, and holy meditation his life ebbed away into eternity. — Re'B. Dr. J. B. Thompson. See Bev. Br. W. H. Steele's Sketch of Thompson, in Manual of Missions R.G.A. Pierson's Am. Mission Memorial, in which is anotlier sketch of Ihompson, hy Sev. A. V. Wyckof, his brother-in-law, wiih portrait, fac-simUes, and a view of the Mission Station at Karangan. See also Manual R.C.A., 1869. PvJMcations : Dyak Hymn-book, (the first' printed book in the language). 1844 — ^Brown's Catechism, (in Dyak). 1845. — MS. Works: Gospel according to Matthew, (in Dyak). 1845 ; Genesis, chaps, i.-xx. (in Dyak,) 1845. " The Economy of Missions," and an Essay entitled, " Shall the Borneo Mission be sustained ? and his Journal iu MS. Thompson, Henet Post, b. in Eeadington, N.J., Xov 30, 1831 ; E.G. 1854, N.B.S. 1857, 1. CI. PhUadelphia; Peapack, 1857-73; w. c. 1873— Publications : A Sermon in Memoriam Abraham Lincoln. 1856.— Funeral Sermon of Piev. Dr. John Van Liew.— Lessons on the Gospel, [see Thomp- son, J. B.,] in S.S. Times, July-Dec, 1871.— Incidents of Christian Work. 1876.— Many contributions in The Sower, Christian at Work, Ad- tance, and Kew-Jersey papers. Thompson, John Bodinb, b. in Eeadington, X.J., Oct. 14, 1830; E.C. 1851; Teacher, and Agt. N.J. Teachers' Association, 1851-7; IST.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1858 ; resident graduate, N.B.S. 1858-9 ; Metuchen, 1859- 66, Tarrytown, 1st, 1866-9, Saugerties, 1869-71, [Free Church of Italy, 1871-3,] PeekskiU and Cortlandtown, 1873-4, Catpkill, 1874—. D.D. by E.C. 1870. Publications : Educational Articles, Poems, Letters of. Travel, and other fugitive pieces in New-Jersey papers and if. K Times, 1847-57. — " Heart- 492 THE MINISTRY, fancies, etc., by H. Heartwell," in Boston Carpet Bag, 1851-3.— Teacliers' Institutes, in report of New-Jersey Superintendent of Public Scbools, 1857. — The Abrabanhe Covenant, The Life of Trust, and Our Country, in Dr. Berg's Ev. Quart., 1860-1.— Signs of Promise, a Thanksgiving Discourse, 1864— Church Manual, [Liturgy, and .Record of the 1st Church of Tarrytown,] 1867. Second edition, enlarged, for the Church at New-Haven, 1868.— My Reli- gion, by a Modern Minister, in the Bound Table, during 1868. — Jean Inge- low, Creation, Antediluvianism, Samson the Sunny, Jeptha the Guerilla Chieftain, Inspiration, Views of the Atonement, Immanuel, Public Praise, A Word to the Clergy, A Conversation in the Cars, My Life, etc., in Good News, 1868. — Development, a Thanksgiving Discourse, 1868. — Report on Hymnology, in Min. of Gen. Synod, 1869. — Hymns of th^ Church, (with Rev. Drs. A. G. Vermilye, A. R. Thompson, and Z. Eddy,) 1869.— Hymns of Prayer and Praise, (with Rev. Drs. A. G. Vermilye and A. R. Thompson,) 1870. — Christian Praise,5Hymns and Tunes for Public Worship, (with Wil- liam H. Piatt, M.A.,) 1870. — Lessons on the Gospel,s (a two years' course with Rev. H. P. Thompson,) 1870-71.— Christian Praise for Baptist Churches, (with W. H. Piatt, M. A., and Rev. C. D. W. Bridgeman, D.D.,) [copies in large paper,] 1873.— Christian Work in Italy, Nos. L, II. and III., 1873-3.— In Memoriam Goodwin Ensign. 1876. — The Centennial Exposition, an Index of the Progress of the Race God ward, 1876. — The Immovable Attach- ment of the R.C.A. to its own Heirlooms of Faith and Order, in Centennial Discourses, 1876. — In Memory of John Alsop Greene, 1877.— The Christology of St. John, a Sermon before General Synod, 1877. — The Doubter, [a tract,] Presbyt. Board of Pub., 1878. — " The Domlne's" Letters in the Christian In- telliffencer, 1818. — Catechesis, in 'the /Sswer, 1879-. ., with other articles in the following papers: the Advance, Interior, Christian Union, Christian at Work, N. T. Observer, JV. T. Svangelist, Presbyterian, S.S. Times, etc., etc. Thompson, William, b. June 1, 1813; E.C. 1841; N.B.S. 1844; Stone- House Plains, 1845-46, d. He was the youngest of the seven children of the William Thompson from Maryland, who married Elizabeth Voorhees and lived at Raritan Landing. With self-denial and perseverance, he had prepared himself for the mitiis- try, and entered upon his work with high anticipations and flattering pros- pects. Deep sincerity and earnestness characterized his labors. Prompt in the performance of every pastoral duty, careful in his preparations, and ardent in his devotional feelings, lie was well qualified to do the work of an evangelist. But the Master called Mm before he had hardly entered on his labors. Thompson, William J., b. in Readington, N. J., March 8, 1813 ; R.C. 1884 ; tutor in Ancient Langs, in R.C, 1838-41 ; N.B.S. 1841 ; Ponds and WyckoflF, 1843-5 ; Rector of R.C. Grammar School, 1846-63 ; Principal of Classical Institute, Somerville, N.J., 1865-67, d. He was a grandson of the Scotch immigrant, John Thompson, who was " killed & scalped by Te Tory and Indians," near Williamsport, Penn. THE MINISTKr. 493 (See Penn. Archives, vol. vi. p. 509.) The widow and only cliild returned immediately to Eeadington, N. J., wliere the son became, in due time, judge of the county court. After him, his sonWilliam was commonly called " The Judge " by his college associates, though better known to their successors as "The Tutor," from having held this position in E.G. while studying theology. It was largely through his, interest that the three elder children of his brother Joseph became ministers. (Thompsons, John Bodinb, Henry Post, and. Abeaham.) When four years of age he suffered from paralysis, which left his right arm and side to a great degree helpless ever after. Owing to this physical infirmity, he was stimulated to improve to the utmost the limited advantages of education which were afforded him. At sixteen years of age he began to exercise the vocation of a teacher, in. the public school of the neighborhood where his parents resided. Soon, however, he formed the resolution to prepare himself for a higher sphere of usefulness, and, as soon as the necessary funds could be obtained, began his preparation for college under the direction of that excellent classical teacher, John Walsh, then located at Somerville, K.J. Three [months before graduating he was invited to succeed his former teacher, ^in the charge of the classical school at Somerville, which, with the assurance of the faculty of the college that he should graduate with his class, he accepted. Here, as also at Millstone, where he afterward taught, he gained an enviable reputation for thoroughness as a scholar and teacher, and formed friendships which were continued to the end of life. While at Millstone, in 1837, he became a subject of divine grace, and immediately after began his preparations for the gospel ministry. As a preacher, he was characterized as having clear conceptions of truth, logical accuracy of statement, and vigorous thought, expressed in no commonplace words or phrases ; but he was almost entirely destitute of imagination or of the graces of oratory. He labored but a little more than three years as a pastor, when he was called to the charge of the Grammar School at New- Brunswick. Here, as an instructor and trainer of youth, the great work of his life was performed. His great success as a teacher arose from his own clear conceptions of what he taught, and from his unalterable determination that his pupils should not only comprehend, but, by incessant drilling, become familiar with that which was the subject of their study. As an instructor he at- tained large success, and still lives in the efficient work of many who de- light to attribute their success in life to the early training and mental dis- cipline which they received when under his instruction. Thorns, J. F. 1875. Timlow, Heman R. C.N.J. 1852 ; from Presbyt. Londonderry, Mass. ; Ehinebeck, 1860-6, Brighton, S.I., 1866-8, w. c. In 1873, Episcopalian. PvblicaUons : A Sermon on Death of President Lincoln. 1865. — A series of letters in the Ghristian Intelligencer from Boston, signed "Tremont," 1868-70.— The Saints to be as Angels. In P-ulpit Bepertory, 1860 ? 494 THE MINISTKT. TlOXG IcLl, (a native Cliinese,) studied under the missionaries; lie. CI. Amoy, in tlie spring of 1871 ; ord. by same, Feb. 13, 1872 ; CUioli-be, 1873— He is tlie fourth native pastor in tlie Amoy Mission. [Toberwiller, , Soutli-Carolina and Georgia.,n37-8.—S'a7'bauffh's Lives, ii. 377.] Todd, Atjs. P., (brother of J. A. Todd,) b. at Somerville, N.J., 1826 ; E.G. 1855, N.B.S. 1858, 1. CI. N.B. 1858; Athens, Pa., 1858-65, Piermont, 1865- 71, Bloomingburgh, 1872-6, Wurtsboro, 1876— Todd, John Adams. B.C. 1845, N.B.S. 1848,1. CI. N.B. 1848 ; Griggstown, 1848-55, Tarrytown, 2d, 1855— D.D. by E.G., 1868. Publications : Memoir of Eev. Dr. Peter Labagh, with notices of E.D.G. in N.A. 1860. (See Princeton Bev., 1860, p. 571.)— The' Character and Death of Washington Irving. 1859. — Review of Boardman's Higher Christian Life. (See Princeton Bev. xxxii. 608-640.) — The Posture of the Ministers and People of E.C.A. during the Eevolution. In Centennial Discs., 1876. — Many contributions to periodica] literature. Todd, Wm. Newton, b. in N.J., 1844 ; E.G. 1871, N.B.S. 1874, lie. CI. Eari- tan ; Dashville Falls, 1874— Toll, John C. U.C. 1799, studied under Livingston, 1. CI. Albany, 1801 ; Canajoharie, Middletown, Mapletown, Westerlo, (and Bowman's Kill?) 1803-15, Middletown and Westerlo, 1815-32, suspended, seceded, [Wes- terlo and Middletown, Sec, 1832-5, these united churches were then called Canajoharie,] 1825-42, d. 1848. Tomb, J. S. L. Wynantskill, 1865-72, w. c. [Torsihius, P. H. In Lehigh Co., Pa., 1740. Possibly the same as G. H. Dorsius.] [Troldeiner, George, b. in Upper Saxony, 1754, studied at Bremen, came to America, 1786 ; York, Pa., 1786-91, supplied Gettysburgh, 1790-1, Balti- more, 1791, 1800, d.] Turner, Jas. 1863. TuENBR, Wm. E. E.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. N.B. 1841 ; Arcadia, 1841- 8, Roxbury, 1850-63, Arcadia, 1863^6, w. c, Grahamville and S.S. at Upper Neversiuk, 1867-72, Minisink, 1872-5, w. c. Twifoot, , 1779. A candidate of the High Church (if England. He ap- plied for ordination to the German Coetus. — HarhaugU's Lives, ii. 401. UiTBBWTK, Henry. E.G. 1863, N.B.S. 1866, 1. Gl. Holland, 1866 ; Holland Gh., N.X.G., 1866-8, Vrieslaud 1868-73, Holland, Mich.. 3d, 1873— Ursinus, Zechariah, b. 1534, one of the authors of the Eeidelberg Catechism. THE MINISTET 495 (See Manual of 1869. Also SarbaugJi's Lives, Von Alper's Sist. of Heir delberg Cat., translated Iry Berg, and Tercentenary edition of Catechism.) [VAiiK, , in Georgia, 1739. — Ha/rbaugKs Lives, ii. 378.] Van Aken, Alex. Q. E.G. 1873, N.B.S. 1876, lie. CI , 1876. Van Aken, Enoch. R.C. 1830, N.B.S. and P.S. 1833, 1. Presb. N.B. 1833 ; Kinderhook, 1834-5, N.T.C., Bloomingdale, 1835— Publications: Oration. Influence of tlie Reformation on Liberty of Thougbt. Ulster Sentinel, Kingston, N.Y., September 1, 1830. — Article in the New-Brunsmck Times, Oct. 26, 1831, signed Sancbo. — Life and Charac- ter of Miss Harriet Wbatkins. In Cli/ristian Intelligencer, 1835. — Visits to the Soutb. A series of eleven numbers in Ch. Int., 1845 and 1846. — Three Sermons on War : Its Causes, Its Evils, Its Remedy. In Ch. Int., April 15, April 29, May 6, 1847.— Life and Character of Mrs. Rachel Van Aken, 1848. In Ch. Int. — Thanksgiving Sermon, from Ps. csvii. 3. Ch. Int., 1849. — Article on Sharon Springs and Vicinity. Ch. Int. — Article on Rev. John Knox, D.D. Ch. Int., 1858. — Life and Character of MiES Ann Stiyker. Ch. Int., I860.— Life and Character of John E. Van Aken. Ch. Int., 1861. — Article on Rev. Jacob Sickles, D.D. In Bprague's Annals. — Article on General Garret H. Stryker. Ch. Int., April, 1868. — Should Churches be Taxed and Assessed? Circulars to the Legislature of the State of ISTew-Tork, and discussions in various papers. — Life and Character of Rev. Gulick Van Aken. CJi. Int. and Presbyterian, Dec, 1872. Van Aken, Gulick, b. N.Y.C., Ap. 23, 1840; P.S. 1862-3, U.S. 1863-4; [Philadelphia, Oct. 16, 1864-7 ;] Freehold, 1867-70 ; E. Kingston, 1871-2, d. Oct. 30. Van Allen, Ika., b. near Albany, June 1, 1846 ; R.C. 1873, N.B.S. 1876, 1. CI. Albany ; Rotterdam, 3d, 1876— Van Ambdegh, Robt. R.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. Poughkeepsie, 1840 ; Lebanon, 1840-8, (Hnghsonville, Dutchess Co., N.Y., 1848-58, Presbyt.,) Lebanon, 1853-69, High Bridge, 1869-70, w. c. Van Arsdale, Cor. C. R.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1831 ; supplied Brooklyn, Central, 1838-40 ; supplied South Ch., Brooklyn, 1840-1, Philadelphia, 1st, 1841-9, Greenwich, N.T.C., 1852-4, d. 1856. D.D. Publications : A Ser. at New-Haven, by appointment of the Peace Society, during the Session of Legislature of Ct., 1834. — The Christian Patriot : An Oration before the Alumni of E.G. 1837. — Lessons of Wisdom for a Mourn- ing People : On Death of Pres. Harrison. 1841. — A Nation's Glory and Strength : Fast-day, 1841. Van Arsdale, Jacob E. R.C. 1830, N.B.S. 1833, 1. CI .N.B .1833 ; Berne, 3d, 1834-5, Mt. Pleasant, (Stanton,) 1835-50, Tyre, 1850-64, w. c. 1864-71, d. Van Absdale, Nathaniel Hixon, b. at Bound Brook, N.J., 1838; R.C. 1862, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. N.B. ; Clove, 1867-74, Jan. 1 ; Chatham, 1874— 496 THE MINISTEY. PuUieation : The Contrast : The First Hour to the Last in the Life of Jesus. 1876. Van Arsdale, Simeon, b. 1754, studied under Livingston? lie. by General Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1783 ; North-Branch, (Readington,) 1783 -6, d. Few pastors of his day were held in equal esteem. He possessed great power as a preacher, and was untiring in all pastoral service. Of ardent piety, he was also a polished preacher. He received a call from the church in New-York, but declined. He was cut ofE_before his ministry had hardly begun. Elected a trustee of Queens College, 1783. Van Hasten, , doubtful if ever settled. Jamaica, Success, Oyster Bay, Newtown, 1739-40 (See Hiker's Annals of Newtown, 238.) Van BENScnoTBN, Wm. B. R.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. 01. N.B. 1864 ; Wyckoff, 1865-9, Lebanon, 1869-73, Ephratah and Stone Arabia, 1873— Publication : Hist. Ch. Wyckoflf. In Bergen Co. Democrat. Van Beuren, see Van Buren. Van Bosen, , (possibly the same as Vandenbosch,) Kingston, (1691-3.) Mag. B.B.O. i. 190. Van Brunt, Rutgers, b. N.Y.C. 1820; Hob. C. 1840, N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. N.B. 1848 ; Albany, 3d, 1848-9, supplied Newark, 2d, 1849, (Smithtown and Carmel, Presbyt.) 1851-7, Waterford, and S.S. Schaghticoke, 1857-61, d. Apr. 38, 1863. Descended from an ancient line of Holland ancestors, who were among the first to open a home in the wilderness, he ever felt a strong attachment to the Church of his fathers. He early developed great aptitude for mental acquisition, and received every advantage of culture. Though naturally diffident and retiring, he distinguished himself while a student in the fields of language and composition, and carried ofE the palm of certain prize essays. The responsibilities and labors of his first charge were too great for his health. In Newark, his labors were followed by a blessed revival. He was a man of powerful intellect, with keen logical power and dialectic discrimination. He was a careful and accurate interpreter of the Scriptures. He loved the close investigation of study more than the flourish of oratory or imagination. He was calm and argumentative in his sermons, not invoking the ornaments of rhetoric. He had no great volume of voice, nor pasisonate enunciation, and hence his sermons did not receive the credit which they merited. He was one of the most godly and devout of men. His faith was as simple as a child's and as strong as a martyr's. He did his duty faithfully, leaving the issue to the Lord. The estimation in which he was held was of the most flattering kind ; it pervaded many denominations and many hearts. His trust in God his Saviour conquered all difficulties and triumphed over death itself. THE inNISTEY. 497 Van Bunscliooten, Elias, b. at New-Hackensack, N.T., Oct. 2C, 1738 ; C.N.J. 1768, studied theology under Meyer, 1. by Gen. Meeting of Ministers and Eiders, 1773 ; Scliagliticoke, 1778-85, Minisink, Maliakemack, and Wal- pack, 1785-8, Clove, N.J., Minisink, Walpack, West-town, and Mabake- mack, 1788-99, Clove, 1799-1812, d. 1815, Jan. 10. (In M.G.8. i. 473, lie is said to liave taken charge of Clove and West-town alone, in 1797, but probably an error.) Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1783. He was the son of a farmer. Tennis Van Bunschooten, of Dutchess Co. , N.T. The family consisted of five brothers and three sisters. None of the brothers were married, but the sisters married and furnished many heirs to the family. The estate was twenty years in course of settlement, and amounted to $60,000. The most of Elias' life was spent in the beau- tiful Eattatiniiy valley, which extends from the Delaware to the Hudson. He was installed in his charges here by his friend, Domine Hardenbergh, of Earitan. His parochial charge extended to the magnificent length of fifty miles, through which the settlers' axes had forced a few rough horse-tracks. There is a local tradition that a certain deacon who collected his pittance of salary at Minisink, defaulting in payment, mortgaged his farm to the Do- mine as security. After he ceased ministering there, the mortgage was foreclosed, and flie place was gmen to the church as a parsonage! The church of Clove was organized in the bounds of his charges in 1787. He removed to that place in 1792. He here enjoyed a precious revival in 1803, in which forty-two were added to the church. But after his death, that church was neglected by its own denomination, and in 1818 became Pres- byterian, and is now divided into three churches. Mr. V. B. selected an admirable farm at the Clove — a glen of great beauty, with bold and forest- clad hills, and rushing mountain streams. Here he built a mill and a com- modious residence, and increased in wealth, so that he left a farm of seven hundred acres, and other property, to a favorite nephew, besides his bene- factions to the Church. His personal character had a strong tinge of eccen- tricity. His frugality sometimes displayed itself in the most whimsical forms. He was temperate in his habits, taciturn and grave, and yet com- municative to his friends. The country in which he lived was still wild and unconquered, and the inhabitants were like the land. There was every thing to discourage the minister of Christ. Tet he labored on, and his happy influence there is felt to this day. He preached extemporaneously, either in Dutch or English. He was clear and distinct in argument, and scriptural in matter, and spoke mUdly, yet with an earnest and holy unction. But he will be always remembered as the first large benefactor of the Church. He and Dr. Livingston had been born not far from each other, had entered the ministry nearly at the same time, and had always been warm friends. When Dr. L. was about to leave the city, and take up his residence at New-Brunswick, at great personal sacrifice, he wrote to his old friend a frank letter/suggesting the propriety of his dedicating a portion, of his large estate to the cause of education. After several interviews, the matter was decided. He gave $14,040 during his life and increased it to. 32 493 THE MINISTET. $17,000 by his will, to educate "pious young men, who hope they have a call of God to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ." It was entrusted to the care of the trustees of Queens (now Rutgers) College. By accumulation, the fund was allowed to reach the sum of $20,000. One hundred and twenty -five have heen educated for the ministry through his liberality, some of whom have gone to heathen shores. He made himself a perpetual power for good in the Church and in the world. Being dead he yet speaketh. See an admirable sketch of his life in The New-Brunsmck Review, 1855, from the pen of Eev. A. W. McClure. Sprague's Annals. Mills' Hist. Discs., 1874, 1878. Ounn's Livingston, ed. 1856, 395. Van Buren, B. 1850-61. Van Buken, John M. U.C. 1835, Aub. S. 1838, 1. Presbyt. Columbia, 1837; (Mt. Morris, 1839, Cohoes, 1839-41,) Fultonville, 1843-53, New- Lotts, 1852-73, w. c. Publication : Gospel Temperance, 1877. Van Buren, Peter. U.C. 1803, studied under Livingston, lie. 1804 ; Charles- town, 1st, 1803-14, Union Village and Schodack, 1814-30, suspended. Van Buren, P. H., (s. of J. M. Van Buren,) b. at Fultonville, 1846 ; U.N.r. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1867 ; called to Freehold, but prevented from settling by sickness, d. 1868. His religious character was one of firm conviction and steadfast principle. From early youth he had been deeply impressed with the subject of religion. He made a profession at eighteen. His mind turned to the ministry as his conscientious duty. His mental powers had an early and rapid development ; he was a careful student, with a well-balanced mind, and acquired knowledge with facility. His attainments and his devotion to the work upon which he had entered, promised great usefulness. He left, as the result of his preparations for the pulpit, twenty-five sermons, fully prepared, many of which he had preached in different churches with much acceptance. His end was peace. Wonderfully was he sustained through a long sick- ness, with a constant sense of the divine mercy and goodness. All appeared (right, and was regarded as being under the directing agency of his Heaven- ly Father. Van Buskirk, Peter V., b. at Bayonne, N.J., Mar. 2, 1845; E.G. 1866, N.B.S. 1869; lie. S. CI. Bergen ; Closter, 1869. Van Cleef, Cornelius, b. at Harlingen, N.J., Sept. 16, 1799 ; D.C. 1823, N.B.S. 1836, lie. CI. Philadelphia, 1836 ; Miss, at Palatine, 1826, Miss, at Manayunk, 1827-^, Athens, 1828-33, New-Hackensack , 1838-66, d. June 13,1875. D.D. byE.C.,1863. He made a profession of his faith at the age of sixteen, under Rev. Peter Labagh, then in his prime, He had for his classmates during his college 'Course, Isaac Labagh, Ira C. Boice and George W. Bethune. Between him THE MIJJ^ISTRT. 499 and tbe latter two especiaJly there existed a friendship wliicU lasted through life. He and a godly companion started a prayer-meeting during his col- lege course, which was a means of blessing to many of the students, several of whom afterward became bright and shining lights in the Church. As a preacher he was faithful, earnest and impressive. With his profound sense of duty and responsibility, he could not be otherwise than diligent and painstaking in his preparation for the pulpit. His discourses were marked by simplicity and godly sincerity. His auditors ever felt his kindly affec- tion for them and his sincere desire to minister to Iheir good. His preaching had an unction in it. He heartily loved his people, abounding toward them in tender sympathy, and in self-sacrificing labors. He was a faithful friend to the poor, the sick, the sorrowing. His Christian character wag exquisite- ly beautiful. His excellent qualities were nicely balanced and harmoniously blended. He was also clothed with humility, out of which grew a sweetly dignified Christian courtesy, which marked his bearing toward all. He was also cheerful. His inward peace illumined his countenance so that men could read thereon the fulfillment of God's promise to those who put their trust in him. He possessed rare prudence and soundness of judgment, and hence was resorted to for counsel in matters of perplexity and delicacy. He was never censorious, tut like a true Christian gentleman, spake kindly of others, or not at all. His lite was devoid of stirring incidents, but like the most beneficent forces of nature, exerted a quiet, silent, bat powerful influ- ence. — Memorial Disc, by Dr. A. B. Van Gieaon. Piiblieations : Art. in Sprague's Annals on Van Wageueu. — Address at Funeral of Eev. Edwin Holmes. Van Cleep, Patjl Durtea, b. in Somerset Co., N.J., 1821 ; E.G. 1843, N.B.S. 1846, 1. CI. S.B.; Coxsackie, 2d, 1846-9, Jersey City, 2d, (Van Voret,) 1849— D.D. by R.C. 1863. Elected a trustee of E.G. 1869. Publications: Thankful Remembrance : A Decennial Sermon. 1860. — Spirit- ual Health : In commemoration of 15th Anniversary of his Pastorate. 1865. — Oar Alumni Association : Its Relations, Objects, and Duties. An Oration before Alumni R.C. 1865— Address at the 150th Anniv. of R.D.C. in New- Brunswick. 1867.— Memorial of Hon. Jac. R. Wortendyke. 1869.— Ser- mon on 20th Anniversary of his Pastorate. 1870. — ^Address at the Fun. of Col. Jos. Dod. 1874. — Sermon on 25lh Anniversary of his Pastorate. 18T5. — The Catholic Spirit of R.C.A. toward all other Christians. In Centennial Discs., 1876. — ^Art. in Sprague's Annals on Eev. J. M. Van Hailingen. — Many contributions to the press. Vande Kreeke, Gerrit. H.C. 1868, H.S. 1871, [Boston, Mass., Cong., 1873—] Vanden Bosch, Laurentius, [sameas VanBosen ?] (French Eef.) Boston, 165.'), Rye, 1686, Staten Island, 1686-87, Kingston, 1687-89, suspended by Selyns and others. Went to Maryland. He was compelled to leave Boston, where he served a Huguenot congrega- tion, because lie acted haughtily, and refused to publish the banns of mar- riage, according to law. Upon coming to New- York, he organized tha 500 THE MINISTEY. Frencli in Staten Island into a congregation independent of tlie Frencli^ con- gregation in New-York, and contrary to Daille's wislies. The division was not healed until 1693. — See Baird's DailU, 94. Vander Hakt, E. H.C. 1869, H.S. 1873; Grand Haven, 1872-G, Battle Creek, Mich., 1876-7, Grand Haven, 3d, 1877— Vander Kley, W., c. to America, 1871 ; Pella, 1871-3, Qraafsciap, 1873-5, d. Dec. 20. Vanderlinde, Eenj., b. at Pollifly, near Hackensack, N.J., 1719; studied un- der Dorsius and Goetschius, 1. by Coetus, 1748 ; Paramus and Ponds, 1748 -89, also at Saddle River, 1784-9, d. He was an American by birth, and was the first who appeared before the Coetus for examination in this country. On May 13, 1746, Haeghocrt had written to the Classis, asking permission that he and Erickzon might exam- ine and ordain Vanderlinde. Dorsius had lost his right to promote, (says this letter,) and Goetschius could not legally do it. The Coetus, although authorized to convene, by the Classis, amounted to nothing, as the majority of the ministers did not attend. The Classis replied, Oct. 3d, that he might be examined by the ministers, in Coetus assembled, in the name of the Classis. He made request, in Sept., 1747, of the Coetus, to be examined the next spring. The request and the answer both seem to manifest the deep anxiety felt, and the almost doubtful propriety of such a revolutionary step as the Dutch examining a student in America, and not sending him to Hol- land. Vaie, patria, was the language of the opponents. For such an inno- vation would surely produce defection from the Church in Holland. Never- theless, he was examined, and his call to Paramus (still preserved in their records) was approved, Sept. 37, 1748. It is printed in the Manual and Record of the Church of Paramus, 1859. This call has some special inte- rest, in being the first call which did not go through the Classis of Amster- dam for approval. Beside the ordinary duties, it stipulates that he was to preach on the first and second day of Christmas, on New-Tear's Day, on the first and second day of Easter, on Ascension Day, on the first and second of Whitsunday, and on each of these days (mly once. Hia charge was very extensive. Eamapo was organized out of it, in 1785, and a second church edifice was built at Saddle River, in 1784, which ultimately became an independent church, (1814.) About a year before his death, he re- ceived, as u, colleague. Rev. G. A. Kuypers ; but he only continued there about ten months, when he was called to New- York, and, three months after, the venerable Vanderlinde went to his reward. He married a niece of General Schuyler. — Amst. Cor. Mints, of Coetus. Vandermeulen, Cor., b. at Mindelharnis, Neths., Dec. 15, 1800 ; [Mindel- harnis and Rotterdam, Neths., 1839-41, Mindelharnis, 1841. .-, Goos. 18. .- 47 ;] emigrated with a large part of his congregation, to Holland, Ottawa Co. Mich.; Zeeland, 1847-59, Chicago, 1st, 1859-61, Grand Rapids, 2d 1861-73, emeritus. Died Aug. 33, 1876. THE MINISTEY. 501 He joined the Christdyke Afgescldedene Kerk in Nederland, a body whicli bad separated from the National Church. This Separated Church suffered considerable persecution, and large numbers therefore emigrated to Mich- igan in 1847 and following years. Here Vandermeulen founded the flourishing village of Zeelaud. The hardsliips of the enterprise were borne bravely by pastor and floct. They worshiped at first in the open air, and those early Sabbaths of worship, without any to molest or make afraid, are described as being Feastdays. — See LevensgescJiiedenis van Rev. Cornelius Vaiidermeulen, by his sons and Bev. Peter Be Free. VAKDERMETII.EN, Jacob C, (s. of Cor. Vandermeulen,) b. at Mindelharnis, Neths., 1834 ; R.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Holland ; Holland, Wis., 1861- 3, Polkton, 1863-4, Kalamazoo, 1864-8, Holland, 3d, Mich., 1868-71, Grand Kapids, 1st, 1871-3, Muskegon, 1873— Vandermeulen, John, (s. of Cor. Vandermeulen ;) K.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1862, 1. CI. HoUand ; Milwaukee, Wis., 1863-70, Fulton, 111., 1870-5, James- town, Mich., 1875— Publication of Jacob C. and John: Biography of Eev. Cor. Vander- meulen, their Father. In Dutch. 1876. VAXDEai Ploeg, Haemen. H.C. 1874, H.S. 1877, lie. CI. Holland ; Fremont Centre, Mich., 1877-8, Greenleaflon, 1878— Vander Schnur, K., b. at Midwolda, Netherlands, April 17, 1803. Studied under Eev. Mr. Kok. Lie. and ord. by the Church of the Separated, 1840 ; Hoogeveen, 1840-8. Graafschap, Mich., 1848-50, Oostburg, Wis., 1850- 6'3, emeritus. Died Nov. 17, 1876. Having received a religions training at home, he indentified himself with the interests of those who had separated from the National Church — the seceders or separated ones. This secession took place about 1838, on account of errors in doctrine and practice, as alleged. He shared in the common persecution to which these seceders were exposed. At the advice of Eev. Mr. Kok, who was then educating young men for the ministry, he was in- duced to leave a thriving business and prepare himself for the ministry Moving to Michigan sCbout 1848, he shared in all the trials and hardships of Western pioneer life. — John Hoffman. Vandekteen, Cheistian, b. at Amsterdam, Neths., Nov. 15, 1838; E.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, lie. and ord. by Cl. Holland, 1861 ; Grand Haven, 1861-8, Grand Eapids, 1868-70, Third Editor of Be Hope, 1871-3, (Canon City, Colorado, Presbyt., 1874-5), Drenthe, 1875— Vanderveer, Cyrus G. , (son of Ferdinand H. Vanderveer,) b. at New-Hurley, 1835; N.B.S. 1859, 1. Cl. Paramus, 1859; Miss, at Havana, 1859, Daven- port, 1859-66, also Chaplain in the army, 1861-3, Cor. Sec. Bd. Dom. Miss. 1866-8, d. Energetic by nature, he was from boyhood primus inter pares ; whatever his hand found to do, he did with his might. His home training was ren- 502 THE MINISTRY. dered doubly excellent by a parental intimacy and confidence wliicli grew with his growth, and strengthened with his strength. At the age of seven- teen he entered on a mercantile career, which lasted about four years. He thus acquired business habits, -which gave him great efficiency. When he found the Saviour, he at once began to labor to bring others to him. He dedicated himself to the ministry. Though without a collegiate education, he was inferior to none of his class in the seminary in classical attainments. He loved the Scriptures in their original tongues. He was a remarkable combination of the scholarly and practical man. His sermons were always thoughtful and practical, and his piety earnest and active. He founded the church at Davenport, Iowa, and he did not leave it till its success was in- sured. He was also a warm patriot in the war, his patriotism being only in- ferior to his piety. Clear-headed and large-hearted, studious and earnest, a faithful friend, a zealous servant of Christ, reliable and prudent as he was energetic and active, he gave promise of becoming a tower of strength in the Church. Bat the Master early called him home. — Commemorative Discourse iy Rev. W. H. Vrom. I Pvhlication : Art. on Inspiration in Evartg. Quarterly. Tandbevebii, Datid N. U.C. 1864, P.S. 1867, 1. Presbyt. N.B. 1867; Kingston, 1867-75, [Chicago, Union Park, Cong., 1875-8,] Brooklyn, 1878— Vakderveeh, Ferdinand H. U.C. 1831, N.B.S. 1833, 1. CI. N.B. 1833; Miss, to Hyde Park, 1833, to Ovid, 1833, Hyde Park, 1833-9, New-Hurley, 1839-39, Newburgh, 1839-43, Warwick, 1843-76, w. c. D.D. by B.C. 1838' Vanderveer, John, b. in Hunterdon Co., N.J., May 5, 1800; C.N.J. 1817, N.B.S. 1833, lie. CI. N.B. 1833; Miss, at Mapletown, Westerlo, Canajo- harie, Oppenheim, Fayette, Ovid and Union, 1833; [Philipsburgh, Pa., Presbyt., 1834-7,] teacher at Easton, Pa., 1827-54 ; d. 1878. D.D. by B.C. 1853. He was one of nature's noblemen. His pupils carried with them pleasant memories of their intercourse with their teacher. While settled at Philips- burgh, Pa., he organized several churches in the vicinity. The "Vanderveer School," at Easton, was famous for more than a quarter of a century. Amoncr the hundreds who received their education at the " Minerva Seminary" there were not a few who became distinguished in the different walks of life. The church at Easton had in him a warm and liberal friend and a wise coun- selor. The poor were never turned away. The weak in heart came to him and received courage. He sought always to know and act the truth. Keenly sensitive to what was honest and pure, he reprimanded all depart- ures from the right, whether in society, politics or business ; yet he was liberal-minded toward those who differed from his views. As his strength declined, his faith and hope increased, in the assurance that he was only going home. Vanderveer, Peter L. B.C. 1868, N.B.S. 1868-9, went to Germany to study. Now a lawyer. THE MIXISTEY. 603 Vander Voort, Jolin C, b. at Bound Brook, 179S ; Q C. 1818, N.B.S. 1819, 1. CI. N.B. 1819 ; (German VaUey and Fox Hill, Presbyt., 1819-36, Basking Ridge,) 1826-34, Totowa, 1st, 1834-7, Kinderliook, 1837^3, Mellenville, 1843-5, New-Paltz, 1845-8, Ghent, 2d, 1848-51, died June 31. He was early brought into the church. His habits were eminently devo- tional, prayer seeming to be his element. In the social prayer-meetings there was a fervor, spirituality, and unction which were highly prized, and edifying to those who were with him before the throne. He gave himself to his ministerial work with a steadiness of purpose and an active energy. In most, if not all of his charges, he enjoyed seasons of refreshing from the Lord. Love to the Master, and compassion to the souls of men, were ruling affections of his heart. He aimed at delivering the whole counsel of God. In the delivery of his message, there was an earnestness and vigor which arrested attention. He contented not himself with merely illustrating truth, but carried his appeals to the conscience and the heart of his hearers, with a pungency and directness which pursued, and a tenderness which melted them. He was a, wise, faithful, and afiectionate pastor. By both constitution and grace he was well fitted for sympathizing with others. He labored much to elevate the tone of piety of the people, and dreaded, as a wasting pestilence, the form of godliness without the power. His last illness was protracted and painful, but he retained his power, and exercised filial submission, and had not a doubt to cloud his prospects. — See Fixn. Her. ' by Dr. Gasman. SanMn's Sist. Disc, at Basking Bidge. Vandervolgen, John V., from Chester Assoc, Vt., 1843 ; w. c. 1843-50, d. Vander Wabt, Hetjman, b. in Netherlands, 1852; H.C. 1873, H.S. 1876, Uc. CI. Albany ; Glenville, CJ, 1876— Vanbeventer, John Cornelius, b. N.Y.C. 1847; N.T.U. 1870, N.B.S. 1873, 1. CI. Bergen ; Cold Spring, 1873-5, Glenham, 1875— Vandewall, Giles, b. in Holland, October 14, 1828 ; studied in Holland, came to America about 1853, N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. N.T. 1856 ; East-Millstone 1856-8 ; Miss, in the West, and teacher in Holland Academy, 1858-61, • Bloemfontein, South-Africa, 1861-70, Paarl, South-Africa, 1870—. Bloemfentein was formerly the capital of the Orange Free State Republic. Paarl is about 36 miles from Capetown, and theR.D. church there hasabout 1,000 communicants. Mr. V. generally preaches in Dutch, but occasionally in English. His eldest son, Rutgers Henry, was graduated from the Theological Seminary in South-Africa, at Hellenbosch, in August, 1875. He subsequently attended lectures at the Universities of Edinburgh and Utrecht. Returning to South-Africa in February, 1877, he was ordained as pastor of the church of Ficksburg, in the Orange Free State, (an interior independent Republic,) in September, 1877. His second son, John Garretson, named after the late Secretary of Domestic Missions, is a lawyer. 604 THE MINISTET. Vandewater, Albertiig. C.N.J. 1846, P.S. 1849, lie. Presbyt. N.Y. 1849 ; [Atliena, Pa., Presbyt., 1849-53;] Spotswood, N.J., 1854 67, North-Blen- lieim and Breakabm, 1867-9, Ponds, 1869-73, w. c. In 1877 joined tlie Presbyt., of Potosi, Mo. Died Feb. 28, 1879. Van Doebn, David K. N.B.S. 1867, lie. CI. N.B. ; West-Hurley, 1867-8, Currytown and Spraker's Basin, 1868-73, Albany, Sd, 1873-5, Saratoga, 1875— Van Doren, Isaac, b. July 9, 1773 ; studied under Livingston, lie. CI. N.Y., 1798 ; [Hopewell, Orange Co., N.Y., 1803-35, teaching in Newark, 1835-9, CoUeg. Inst, for Toung Ladies on Brooklyn Heigbts, 1829-34 ; Coll. for Young Ladies at Lexington, Ky., 1834-8, Academy at Warsaw, Ky., 1838-40; Miss. Ch. at Iron Mt., Missouri, 1840-4, w. c, d. 1865.] He at once entered the Presbyterian Ckureb, and spent many years in teaching His son, Kev. John Livingston Van Doren, is an Episcopalian, settled in the West. Van Doren, John A. E.G. 1835, N.B.S. 1838, 1. CI. N.Y., 1838; Middle- bush, 1838-66, supplied Lodi, 1866 ; S.S. Clinton Station, 1866-73, w. c. Van Doren, John Howard, b. at Princeton, N. J., 1837 ; E.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. N.B. 1864; voyage to China, January-June, 1865, Amoy, 1865-8, voyage to America, May-Oct. 1868, in America, 1868-70, voyage to Amoy, Oct.-Dec. 1870, in Amoy, 1870-3, Feb.; Cato, April, 1874-6 Tyre, 1876— Publications : Mental Arithmetic in Amoy colloquial. Van Doren, Luther H.,(3. of Rev. Isaac Van Doren,)b. Hopewell, Orange Co., N.Y., 1808 ; C.N.J. 1831 ; studied a while with Rt. Rev. R. B. Smith, D.D., LL.D., P.E. Bishop of Kentucky; I. Presbyt. of West-Lexington, Ky. , ord. Presb. of Columbia, Mo., 1884; (St. Louis, Farmington, Columbia, Mo. ; Freehold, Tennent Ch., N.J. ; Paducah, Ky. ; Spring St., 50th St., New-York ; New- Vernon, N.J., Presb., 1834-71 ;) Montville, 1871-4 ; Mid- dletown, N.J., 1874-6, d. He was one of fourteen children, all heirs of the promise. He united ■with the church at twelve years of age. His maternal grandfather, Luther Halsey, whose name he bore, was an officer under Washington in the Revo- lution. Major Halsey had four sons in the ministry, one of whom was the late Rev. Abram O. Halsey, of the Reformed church of North and South Hampton, Pa. [Halsey.] Removing to Lexington, Ky., after being graduated, Mr. Van Doren studied for orders in the Episcopal Church, under the Bishop of Kentucky, whom to know is to venerate and love. Circumstances subsequently led him into the Presbyterian Church, but he always retained the confidence and esteem of Bishop Smith, who still speaks of him in the most affectionate terms. In St. Louis he founded the strong and influential First Church, to which Rev. H. D. Ganse now so ably ministers. Subsequently he was President of Columbia College, now the University of Missouri. But he loved most THE MliJISTET. 505 Of all the -n^ork to wliicli lie had consecrated his life. There his thought had power, and his tender-heartedness overflowed. Largely were his ser- mons blessed. Kevival succeeded revival ; three hundred were added to the church as the fruit of one revival ; and in such an element he almost per- petually lived. He was twice married ; first to Miss Susan Wynkoop, of his uncle Abram 0. Halsey's congregation, and subsequently, in 1840, to Miss Lydia A., daughter of Eev. Dr. James Camahan, President of the College of New- Jersey. The Master came for him suddenly, but found him faithful unto death. "With no prolonged illness, but as an infant drops to quiet slumber, he passed to a crown of life.— Funeral Semon by Bev. W. B. Merritt. Van Doren, Wm. H., (s. of Is. Van Doren,) P.S. 1840 ; Williamsburgh, 1840- 9, Piermont, 2d, 185^-3, w. c. [Presbyt. St. Louis, Mo.] D.D. by E.G. 1869. Publications: Triumphs of Grace: A Disc, on the Death of Kichard W. Kedaeld. 1847.— Commentary on the Gospels. 3 vols.— Com. on Romans. 3 vols. 1873.— Mercantile Morals. 1853. Vas D0B.BN, Wm. H. E.C. 1867, N.B.S. 1871, Uc. cl. N.B.; West-End, Jersey City, 1871-8, Blooming Grove, 1878— Van Doren, Wm. Theodore, (brother of J. A. Van Doren ;) E.G. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. Cl. N.T. 1840 ; voyage to Borneo, Nov. 1840-March, 1841, Miss, in Batavia, 1841-3, Woodstock, N.T., 1843-5, (Port Byron, Presbyt., 1845-52,) Mott Haven, 1853-3, Eamapo, 1853-7, South-Bend, 1857-9, Chaplain iu Army, 7th Missouri Cavalry, 1861-3, w. c. Van Driessen, Johannes, b. 1697 ; 1. in New-Haven, 1737 ; Claverack, Kin- derhook, and Livingston Manor, 1727-8, Kinderhook, 1738-35, supplying also New-Paltz, 1731-5, and Germantown ; Aquackanonck and Pompton, 1735-48, silenced. He was educated in Belgium, but, with a letter from Patroon Van Rens- selaer, he proceeded to Yale College, and was licensed and ordained by the Gongregationalists. His brother Peter, of Albany, helped him in this mat- ter, contrary to the emphatic advice of the ministers of New-Tork and Kingston. When the Classis of Amsterdam heard of this circumstance, they expressed their profound sorrow that such a one as John Van Driessen had now succeeded in thrusting himself into the ministry. They censured Peter Van Driessen for his course, and commended those who opposed him. They declared John to be no legal minister in the Eeformed Dutch Church, because the Independents in New-Haven had no right to commission minis- ters for Dutch churches ; because his conduct was then and had been very far from correct ; and lastly, because he had previously, as well as in 1737, presented forged certificates. For on Sept. 4, 1719, he appeared before the Classis of Amsterdam with a professorial certificate, purporting to be signed by two of the Professors of the University of GrSningen. His examination S06 THE MINISTEY. was proceeded with, but was so poorly sustained as to disgust tlie Classis. One and anotlier then looked at his certificate, and expressed their doubts as to the genuineness of the signatures. The examination was suspended, and Van Driessen was confronted with the charge of forgery. He finally con- fessed it, and was dismissed with stern admonitions, and warned to drop the study of theology with a view to entering the ministry. He came to America, and eight years later tried the same thing again, and now with lamentable success. Owing to the lack of ecclesiastical judicatures in America, he managed to find, for twenty-one years, congregations which would accept him. Finally he was silenced. The Classis charge his brother with knowing the falsity of the certificates which John used at New- Haven, and Peter's angry conduct in the matter toward the people of Claverack tends to strengthen the charge. No minister had yet been legally ordained in America by the Dutch, although Tesschenmaeker's ordination (1679) had been ratified afterward, while Paul Van Vleck's (1710) was alto- gether irregular. [Tesschenmaeker, Van Vleck, Freeman.] Partly for these reasons the Classis permitted Boehme (1729) and Schuyler (1736) to be ordained by the ministers here, and thus the way was prepared for the Coetus. Without some ecclesiastical authority in the American churches, suclV impositions could not be altogether prevented. Amst. Cor. several letters, especially Nos. 435, 436, 443. Stitt's Eist. of Ch. of New- Paltz. ZdbrisUe's Claverack Centennial. Mints, of Coetus. Voct. Hist. iii. 916. His professed literary testimonials from Momkemdam, Hardeuvryck and Utrecht are inserted in the Aquackanonck records. He continued his studies with his brother Peter at Albany. When his case was stated at Yale College, and his testimonials shown, he was ordained by a council for the service of the Dutch churches on the North liiver. We append this cer- tificate, as an interesting relic : Omnibus in Christo fldelibns hie et nbique has prescntcs inspecturls, salutem In Domino. Vobis notum sit quod nos Neo-Portensis in Colonia Connecticntensi comitatns presbyteri undecim numero totidemqne ccclesiarum paatores in nnam ad constitntum predicts co- lonias associationem fonnati unumque in locum in aula sc. gymnasii Yalensis conventi, do- minnm Johannem "Van Driessen Belgicum Lug. Batavorum educatum, ac nobis examiui sufficients caute exploratum, testimonium item de morum probitate ecclosiastico bene cog- nitione in officium et munus ministerii evangelici precibus ad celeste numen animatus ct admotus, manumque impositione, et Domine nostri Jesu, altissimi nomine avocavimus, Begregavimus et ordinavimus. Ac in peculiare servitium Christianorum D.D. Livingston & Eensellaer dominatum .... olentium cordate 'commen damns et rcnunciamus. In cujusrei testimonium has literas modcratoris hujus associationis ejusdemque ecribffi ho- minibus eignatis ct flrmatae omnes nnicse voluimua ac destimus. JONATHAK AkNOLD, SAMUEL EUSSELL, Scribe. Moderator. Ap. 13, 172t. Van Driessen, Petrus, (brother of the above,) Albany and Kinderhook, 1712- 27, Albany, 1727-38, d. He supplied Linlithgo, 1732-37, (?) and Schenec- tady for a time. He was also Missionary to the Indians.— ^wisi. Cor., several lefts. Doc. Hist. iii. 548-552, 546. Rogers' Hist. Disc. PuUicaiions : Aanbiddelljkle wegen God's in zijne Souveraine Besturinge, THE MIXISTKY. 507 besonder over de Macliten deser Wereld verklaart en toegepast in drie Predicatien, door P. V. D.,V.D.M. te Kieuw Albania, N.I., gedrukt by J. Pieter Zenger. 4to, pp. 79. 1726. (Adorable Ways of God in bis Sovereign Government, especially on the Powers of this World, explained and applied in three Sermons, by P. Van Driessen, VerU Dei Minister in New-Albany.) A copy of this rare volume is in possession of Hon. Henry C. Murphy, of Brooklyn, N.T. Two of the above-mentioned discourses were preached on the accession of George I., and one on occasion of Governor Burnet's treaty with the Five Xations. The introduction to these sermons, addressed to Governor Burnet, is given by Dr. E. P. Rogers, in his Hist. Discourse at Albany, 1857, pp. 63-G7. Van Dyck, C. L., b. at Kinderhook, 1804; U.C. 1826, N.B.S. 1829, 1. CI. 1829 ; Marbletown, 1829-1853, North-Esopus, (Port Ewen,) 1856-66, d. He was brought into the church at the early age of sixteen, under the pas- toral care of Bev. Jacob Sickles. He was diligent, faithful, and prudent in the exercise of his ministry, in both his fields of labor, developing the activities and strengthening the interests of the churches. He was pre-eminently de- vout and spiritually minded, as his entire life testified. When as yet u youth, the other members of his father's family as much dreaded to incur his displeasure and rebuke as they did that of their parents. Even wicked men, while they feared, loved and respected him for his consistent piety. His life and character were transparent. Possessed of a clear, sound, and practical judgment, he was a wise and prudent counselor. While his words were free, they were weighty, the opinion of no member of Classis exercising more influence than his. He continued to labor up to the last Sabbath of his life. Van Dyck, Cor. V. A., b. at Kinderhook, 1818 ; toyage to Syria, as a physi- cian,, Jan.-March, 1840, in charge of seminary at Abeih, Mt. Lebanon, 1840-51, ordained to the ministry, 18..,Sidon, 18. .-55, at Beyrout, en- gaged on Arabic version of the Scriptures, 1855-64, visited America, 1865- 7, returned to Syria, and engaged in the publication of the Arabic Bible, at Beirout, and having charge of the medical department of Beyrout Col- lege, 1867—. D.D. He was'not a. graduate of any college, studying the classics and other branches at the Kinderhook Academy. He then studied medicine with his father. Dr. Henry L. Van Dyck, and attended a course of lectures in Phila- delphia. Having offered his services to the American Board, he was sent to Syria in January, 1840, simply as a physician. In a few years he married Miss Julia A. B. Abbott, daughter of a British consul at Beyrout. He ap- plied himself at once, on his arrival, to the study of the Arabic, in which he made great proficiency. He was soon called to take charge of a sem- inary at Abeih, on Mt. Lebanon, where he also prepared mathematical and scientific books. When the missionaries who accompanied him were not yet ab.e to offer a prayer, or to hold services in Arabic, he could do both with facility, and with great acceptability. Owing to these circumstances. 508 THE MISTISXEY. and the necessity of more missionaries, those present formed a council and ordained him to the ministry. Henceforth his medical duties became second to those of the missionary. After tlie death of Dr. Eli Smith, who had been engaged for about eight years on the Arabic version, he was called to Beyrout by the mission, and by the American Board, to take up and complete the work of that distingaished scholar. He could avail himself of the work of his predecessor only to a limited extent, as there were certain principles in carrying out the work, which it was necessary entirely to change. He therefore performed the whole work anew, with the exception of the Pentateuch, giving it the style of the Koran. The American Bible Society invited him to come to New- York to superintend the publication, by the process of electrotyping, and after spending two years in this busi- ness, completing an edition of the whole Bible, and one also of the New Testament with vowel points, the remainder of the work of publication was - transferred to Syria. Several editions of the Arabic Bible, in different styles of size and binding, have been completed at the Beyrout press. — Bev. . Lawrence H. Van Dyck. See Anderson's Mist, of the Missions of the Amer- ican Board to the Oriental Ohs. i. 349 ; ii. 338, 345, 354, 866, 368. In B{b- liotheca Sacra, xxvi. 170, Van Dyck's opinion is quoted on the wines of Syria. Van Dtck, Laweestce H., (brother of C. V. A, Van Dyck,) b. at Kinder- hook, N.T., Oct. 5, 1807; A.C. 1840, Aub. S. 1833, lie. and ord. Presbyt. Cayuga, 1838 ; agent in Kentucky for Tract Society, 1833-5, (Cairo, Presbyt., 1835-9, Spencertown, Presbt., 1839-44,) Gilboa, 1844-53, Helder- bergh, 1853-6, Blooming Grove, 1856-61, Stone Arabia, 1861-7, teaching, 1869-70, Unionville, 1870-6, Eector of Hertzog Hall, 1876— Publications : The Death of the Righteous Desirable : A Ser. at Fun. of Mrs. Clarissa Page. 1847. , Van Dyck, Leonard B. TJ.C. 1834, N.B.S. 1837, 1. by Presbyt. of Co- lumbia, 1837; [Osbornville, (Windham,) Greene Co., N.Y„ 1838-70?] Died 1877. During the latter part of his seminary course, a controversy was carried on between Princeton on the one side and Andover on the other, in regard to the doctrines of the " extent of the atonement," the " eternal generation of the Son," and the "procession of the Holy Ghost." Mr. Van Dyck read what was published on each side, and the consequence was that his mind became somewhat uncertain in regard to one or two of these points, he not deciding on which side the truth lay. Accordingly, at the close of his sem- inary term, when the Board of Superintendents were to meet for the exam- ination of the students, Mr. V. D. sent in a written communication to Dr. Milledoler, the President, frankly stating his difficulties upon those points of doctrine, and saying that he neither affirmed nor denied which was the true view ; his mind was simply in dvhio; he could not then decide the matter. This communication Dr. Milledoler laid before the Board of Superintendents, and though his examination was entirely satisfactory in every other re- spect, (for he stood high in scholarship,) yet the Board refused to give him a THE MIIWSTET. 509 certificate of approval and a recommendation to Hs Classls (tLat of Greene) for licensure, and resolved tliat Mr. V. D. be advised to remain in tlie sem- inary until his mews are settled. He returned to liis home in Coxsackie, N. Y. , and laid the matter before his pastor (afterward the Eev. G. E. Livingston, D.D., of Philadelphia) and his father, Abm. Van Dyck, Esq., for many years an elder of the church of Coxsackie, and distinguished as a counselor- at-law. They both, discovering in the circumstances of the case no good reason why he should not be allowed to preach the gospel, for which he was fully qualified, consented, if they did not advise, that he should make his case known to the Presbytery of Columbia, and apply for licensure to that body. This he did, and after due examination was cordially licensed as a candidate for the ministry. This action produced a ferment among some of the ministers of the Reformed Dutch Church, insomuch that a complaint against the Presbytery of Columbia was brought by the General Synod before the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church. The General Assembly passed no censure upon the Presbytery of Columbia ; but, by some authority of the E. D. Ch., (the writer does not know what authority,) Mr. Van Dyck was published as being heretical, and the churches were warned not to receive him into their pulpits. This proceeding induced Mr. Van Dyck's father to take up his pen, not so much in his son's behalf, as to show that some of those doctrines which it was supposed he had embraced contrary to the generally accepted faith of the E.D. Ch., were not only scriptural, but in entire conformity with the standards of that Cliurch itself. E. ff., he published a somewhat formidable pamphlet, in which he undertook to prove that the Heidelberg Catechism and the Confession of Faith teach the doctrine of general in distinction from limited atonement. The whole matter, however, gradually subsided, and Mr. Van Dyck continued to exer- cise his ministry in the Presbyterian Church for many years with great ac- ceptance and usefulness, until a few years before his death a failure of his voice obliged him to cease preaching. The greater part of his ministerial life was spent as pastor of the Presbyterian church in Osbomville, (Windham,) Greene Co., N.Y. Here he labored many years faithfully and successfully until the loss of his voice, after which he removed to his native village, Cox- sackie, where he died in 1877.— Bev. Lawrenee M. Van Dyck. See Reman-ks on Liberty of Conscience, Suman Greeds, and Theolog. Scliools, suggested ly the facts in a recent case, hy a layman of the R.D.G. 8vo, pp. 103. 1828. (This was published anonymously, but was by Ab. Van Dyck, father of Leonard B. Van Dyck.) Mag. R.D.O. iii. 90. Mints Gen. Byn. 1838, 87-89 ; 1839, 86, 91, 175. Publications: The Unlawfulness of the Subscriptions Required of the Ministers of the B.D.C. By a Friend of the Bible. 1839. See The Exam- iner Examined, a Review of Van Dyck's Pamphlet. 1830 ? Van Dyck, Hamilton, b. 1807; Hamilton Col. 1836, York Sem. (G.R.) 1839 ; (Chambersburgh, 1829-33,) Prattsville, N.Y., 1833-6, d. His constitution was broken down by severe study in his seminary course. His mind was of the first order, being a fine scholar in language, mathe- 510 THE MINISTKV. matics, pliilosophy, and music. But theology was his special delight. His religion was intelligent, humble, and fervent. In doctrine he was no extre- mist, but took a scriptural medium. He preached as one mainly intent on reaching the springs of feeling and action. He yearned to make Christ appear lovely, the soul valuable, eternity important, and salvation obliga- tory. The success of his ministry, though brief, was remarkable. His habits were distinguished for accuracy, diligence, and perseverance. He analyzed the authors which he read. He was a man of system, and adhered to his plan. Van Emmehick, Gekret. Sayville, L.I., 1873— Van Ess, B. North-Holland, Mich., 1870— Van Fleet, Jacob Otttcalt, b. at New-Brunswick, N.J., 1847; B.C. 1873, N.B.S. 1876, lie. CI. N.B.; Kiskatom, 1876— Van Gaasbeek, Laurentius, University of Leyden, 1674, May 15 ; sailed from Amsterdam, May 18, 1678, arriving in New- York, Aug. 21 ; ar- rived at Kingston, Sept. 8, and delivered his first sermon there, Sept. 15. Kingston, 1678-80, Feh.—Amst. Cor. Van Gieson, Acmon P. U.N.T. 1849, N.B.S. 1852, 1. CI. Bergen, 1852; Catskill, 1853-5, Brooklyn, 1835-9, Claverack, 1859-65, Greenpoint, 1866-7, Poughkeepsie, 1867— D.D. by E.G. 1873. Publications: Sermon in Memory of Rev. Dr. C. C. Van Cleef. 1875. — The Type of Doctrine of B.C. A., as represented by the Symbols of Heidel- berg and Dordrecht. In Centennial Discs. 1876. Van Halterau, Jacob. H.C. 1874, H.S. Van Harlingen, Johannes Martinus, b. near Millstone, 1724 ; C.N.J, and in a University in Holland, 1. CI. Amsterdam, 1761 ; Ne-Shanic and Sourland, 1762-95, d. He was the son of Johannes M. Van Harlingen, a native of Amsterdam, Holland, who came to this country when a young man and settled at Har- lem, N.Y., where he married Maria Bossing, and afterward removed to Lawrence's Brook, near New-Brunswick. After commencing his theologi- cal course he went to Holland, for the double purpose of obtaining a more thorough preparation for the ministry, and of being ordained by the Classis of Amsterdam. After completing his theological course at one of the Universities of Holland, and receiving ordination, he returned to America, He entered upon his ministry in 1762, and served his double charge with zeal and fidelity for thirty-three years, when he fell asleep, universally be- loved and lamented. He preached exclusively in Dutch until toward the close of his life, when, the younger part of hiscliarge requiring English sermons, he preached occasionally in that language. He was an evangelical preacher, a faithful pastor, and a patron of learning. He was a member of the original Board of Trustees of Queens College, and labored for its first endowment. Dom. Van Harlingen was twice married. His first wife was Sarah Stryker, THE MINISTRY. 511 by wliom lie had two children ; his second, Elizabeth Tan Deurseu, who ■was the mother of three, one of whom died in infancy, and the others sur- vived him. The following inscription is on his tombstone : " Van Harlingen, recalled by Zion'8 King, Finished in haste Ms embassy abroad ; Then soaring np to heaven on seraph's wing, Blest angels hailed the embassador of God." —Bev. Dr. P. D. Van Cleef. He is one about whom very little is known. Those who were his con- temporaries and sat under his preaching, are probably all goue. Tradition, such as there is, reports him to have been a very evangelical, pointed, and practical preacher. The fact that a very prominent church, village, and district of country are called by his name, might be taken for evidence of the estimation in which he was held.— iJes. Dr. Gabriel Ludlow. Sprague's Annals. Pvilication : Translation of Van Der Kemp's Sers. on Heidelberg Gate, chism. 3 vols. 1810. Van Harlingen, John M. , (nephew of J. M. Van Harlingen, above,) b. at Sour- land, 1T61 ; Q.C. 1783, studied under Livingston, 1. by Christian Synod of D.R. Clis. 1786 ; Millstone and Six Mile Run, 1787-95, w. c. 1795-1813, Prof. Heb. and Ecc. Hist. 1813-3, d. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1785. From early childhood, it is said, he was exceedingly fond of books, and spent much of his life in their exclusive society. After the relinquishment of his first united charges, he never after settled, although he labored abundantly in assisting his brethren, and supplying vacant pulpits by classical appointment. He was very quiet and reserved in his disposition, and was seldom known to laugh or even to smile. His conversation was instructive, and his preaching solid and evangelical, but not popular. After his retirement from the pastorate, he translated Van Der Kemp's Sermons on the Heidelberg Catechism, which were published in 1810, in two volumes. For several years previous to the establishment of the theological professor- ate at New-Brunswick, he had been accustomed to receive young men at his residence, and instruct them in Hebrew and Ecclesiastical History with a view to their licensure. In 1818, the General Synod appointed him professor of these branches in the Theological Seminary. He accepted the chair of Hebrew, and agreed to instruct temporarily in Church History, but his career of usefulness was cut shoA by death in November, 1813. His loss was deeply felt by the Church and her institutions of learning. — Bev. Dr. P D. Tan Cleef. He is said to have been a close stndent, and learned in theology. He was a very absent-minded man. As a preacher, he seems to have made no im- pression, though his discourses were solid and instructive, because of the utter want of animation, emphasis, and freedom in his delivery. Not only was he utterly without gesticulation, but he seemed unconscious of the presence of an audience, and kept his eye fixed as though he were reading a manuscript close] v, though he had none before him. He is said to have 513 THE MINISTEY. been a good Hebrew scholar, and at one time taught this language to the students of the Theological Seminary at New-Brunswick. Van Hook, Isaac A. C.C. 1797, N.B.S. 1819, 1. CI. N.B. 1819 ; Miss, to Spots- wood, 1819-31, Miss, to Stillwater, Sussex Co., N. J., 1823, to Beaverdam and Middletown, 1832, to Kleyn Esopus, 1833, to Tyashoke, 1822, Fort Miller and Argyle, 1833-4, Miss, to Wilton, 1825, Cor. Sec. Bd. Miss. 1827, died 1834? Van Home, Ab., b. at Whitehouse, N.J., Dec. 31, 1768 ; Q.C. 1787, studied under Livingston, lie. by the Synod of D.R. Chs. 1788 ; Wawarsing, Marbletown, and Rochester, 1789-95, Caughnawaga, 1795-1833, died June 3, 1840. His father was a commissary in the American army. When he resigned m 1783, Abram was appointed in his place. He was a great favorite of young people. He is said to have married 1500 couples. — Doc. Hist. iii. 673. Van Home, David. U.C. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. Montgomery, 1867; Union Village, 1867-8, [Dayton, O., Ger. Ref., 1868, Philadelphia, G.R.C.] Publieation: Hist, of Eef. (Ger.) Ch. in Philadelphia. 1876. Van Houten, Abraham, 1. by Seceders, 1852 ; Clarkstown, 1853-7, Clarks- town atid Paramus, 1857-61, Clarkstown and Hempstead, 1861, Schraalen- burgh, 1861-6, New- York, King St., 1866— Van Hovenbergh, Eggo Tonkens, ord. by CI. Amsterdam, for Surinam, April 1, 1743, [Surinam, South- America, 1743-49,] Livingston Manor and Claverack, 1749-56, Rhinebeck Flats, 1756-64, suspended, but contin- ued to preach till 1767. In 1749, on his way to Holland from Surinam, he stopped at New-York, and the consistory of that place wished to call him, as Du Bois was getting old ; but as he would not promise to join the Coetus, he wag not called. His language concerning the ministers in New- York also turned the tide against him. Proceeding north, however, he obtained settlements. But his life was filled with improprieties, and he was at last cut ofF from the ministry. — Amst. Cor. Van Huysen, (or Van Houaen,) Hermanns, studied under Livingston, 1. CI. Hackensack, 1793; Helderbergh, Salem, and Jerusalem, 1794^1825, d. 1833. His early advantages for literary attainments were small, and it was late when he commenced to prepare for the ministry. But notwithstanding these diflttculties and the scanty material to which he had access when he began to study, with industry and piety, and an ardent thirst for biblical knowl- edge, he arose to a position to which many, with every advantage, do not attain. During the revolution he had served as an officer in the army, and he loved to recount the adventures of his youth. But at the close of the war the waste places of Zion affected his heart, and led him to seek entrance into the ministry. An extensive revival soon followed his labors. His field THE lUSISTEY. ^1^ was large, requiring both strengtli of V)ody and of mind. His habits of punctuality were referred to proverbially, long after he had died. Humility was his chief trait. When he found the infirmities of age creeping on him, he resigned the field, that the work might not be impeded. Van Keuren,Benj. N.B.S. 1834,1. CT. N.B. 1834; Miss, to Charleston, 2d, Mapletown, and Westerlo, 1834, Esopus, 1835-6, Esopus, Hurley, and Bloomingdale, 1836-34, Esopus and Bloomingdale, 1834r-6, Warwick, 1836-7, (Presbyt. 1837-56,) K.D.C. 1856, d. 1865. Van Kleek, Richard D. TJ.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1825,1. CI. N.B. 1835; Eari- tan, 1836-31, Teaching at Basking Ridge Academy, 1831-34, Canajoharie, 17347-5, Berne, 1st, and Beaverdam, 1835-43, Teaching at Erasmus HaU, Flatbush, L.I., 1843-60, at Grammar School, Jersey City, 1860-70, d. Van Liew, John, b. near Neshanic, N. J., Sept. 30, 1798 ; Q.C. 1816, N.B.S. 1830, lie. 01. N.B. 1830 ; [MeadviUe, Pa., 1820-3, Mendham, N.J., 1824-5, both Presbyt.,] Readington, 1836-69, d. Oct. 18. D.D. by E.G. 1867. He entered college at the early age of fourteen, and was under the care chiefly of Drs. Livingston and Schureman. Upon completing this course, he passed through a peculiarly trying circumstance. Imbued from "his earliest years with a high regard for Christianity, and esteeming the ministry as a profession first in importance and honor and blessing, he in- stinctively turned to it. But he was not yet consciously a subject of divine grace. In this frame of mind, acting principally under the advice of Prof. Schure- man, he attended the course of lectures on theology by Dr. Livingston, not definitely with the purpose of entering the ministry, but that he might engage in that particular line of study which was most congenial to his tastes, and which alone seemed attractive to Mm. Sitting at the feet of that profound instructor, and devoting himself to the study of theology as a science, his mind became more and more absorbed in the subject as a ma.tter of personal interest, until it became almost the only subject on which his thoughts could rest. Thus led by the Spirit, he unconditionally surrendered himself to the Lord Jesus Christ in 1817. His own words in reference to his experiences at that time were ; " I can not utter, words can not express the joy of my soul, as I felt the blessed assurance that I was indeed a child of God, and that Jesus was at once my Brother, Saviour, Friend. Every thing seemed to speak to me of God ; the woods, the fields, the fruits and fiowers — all spoke of his mercy and love." Thereafter his course was plain. It was not a mere duty, but his heart bounded with joy that he was permitted to prepare for the ministry. And although he had attended theological lectures for a year, he began over again with the new class of the following year, and with that completed the course. Nearly or quite 600 united with the church under his ministry of 49 years. As a minister, we have in his life a bright example of faithfulness and devotion. In the other relations of life, domestic, social and public, he was 33 514 THE MINISTEY. a Christian gentleman, — the Ugliest style of man. As might have been expected, his end was peace. Those who were privileged to meet him in his last days speali of his sweet serenity of mind and holy joy ; of the delightful mellowness of his Christian character, and a growing meetness for his end. He calmly waited his Saviour's will, and testified, " All is well." — Bev. E. P. j.hompson. Publications : Testimonial to Hev. Peter O. Studdiford. 1866. — Discourse at Dedication of E.D.C. at Eeadington. 1865. With a historical appendix. Van Liew, John Cannon, h. at Middlebush, 18. . ; N.B.S. 1833, 1. CI. N.B. 1833 ; Catskill, Leeds, and Kiskatom, 1833-3, Leeds, and Kiskatom, 1833-4, Spotswood, 1834-43, Rutgers Col. di. School, 1841-45, (PifEard, 1845-49, Groveland.Presbyt., 1849-50,) Ephratah and Stone Arabia, 1850-6, Berne and Beaverdam, 1856-60, d. 1861. He passed through unusual varieties of place and pursuit in life. After his college course, he studied law, till ready for licensure, when with the bestowment of grace, and a vow to his sainted mother, he commenced the study of theology. He was first, for one year, a colleague to his uncle, Isaac N. WyckofE, in the triple charge in the Catskills. At Spotswood, he also opened a classical institution and boarding-school, and conducted it success- fully, for several years. Leaving Piffard, he took charge of the Temple Hill Academy, at Qeneseo, and superintended its concerns with marked ability. While thus engaged he also became pastor of a neighboring Pres- byterian church. While officiating at Ephratah, a new literary institution was organized at Carlisle, Schoharie Co., N.Y., and he became the rector of this. Here, in a damp house, he took a cold from which he never recovered. In sis months he resumed the charge of Ephratah and Stone Arabia. In Ida last charges he labored and suffered, with constantly failing health, until he was obliged to resign the service and remove to his native region in New-Jersey, vi^ere, in a year and a half, he died. He was a man of decided mental ability, an able advocate in ecclesiastical trials and controversy, a critical linguist and successful instructor, an excellent preacher — seldom if ever reading his sermons, but generally speaking from a brief. He sacri- ficed earthly prospects to his love of the gospel. His piety was decided and controlling. Burdened with heavy responsibilities which might have distracted ordinary men, he maintained an equanimity which left no suspi- cion of his troubles. He was popular, and accepted by the pious, wherever he labored. He suffered for years with exemplary patience and persistence, in Ilia ministerial work, and fell in the midst of his years, a martyr to the cause. PuUication : A Farewell Ser. at Spotswood, N.J. 1843. Van Liewen, Wm. Holland, Wis., 1857-9. Van Nest, Abkam E., Jr., b. in N.Y.C. 1833 ; E.C. 1841, N.B.S. 1847, lie. CI. N.Y. 1847; Miss, at Greenpoint, 1847-8, [Newburgh, Assoc. Ret, 1848 ;] New- York City, 31st St., 1848-63 ; American Chapel, Paris, France, 18634, Am. Chaplain at Rome, Italy, 1864-5, Am. Union Ch., THE irmisTEY. 515 Florence, Italy, 1866-75 ; Philadelpliia, 3d, May, 1878—. D.D. by U. Pa. 1860, by E.G. 1860. He waa President of Evangelization Committee of Free Clivircli, Italy, and organized the Churcli of Geneva, Switzerland, in 1875, in wUicli Rev. G. D. Consaul now preaches. Publications : Sermon: Signs of the Times. 1854.— Ministerial Respon- sibility. 1859.— Occasional articles for Christian Intelligencer.— Foreign letters for InteUigeneer and N-Y. Observer. 1863-1875.— Reports of Union Church, Florence, 1868, 1870, 1872.— Sermon on the Holy Catholic Church. —Life of Rev. Geo. W. Bethune, D.D. 1867.— Reports of Florence Orphan Asylum, 1876, with sketch of Ferretti.— Edited Cannon's Pastoral Theology, 1853, and Bethune's Lectures on Heidelberg Catechism, 186i Van Xest, Eynier, b. near North-Branch, N.J., Feb. 8, 1789 ; studied (prob- ably) under Hardenbergh ; lie. by Gen. Meeting of Ministers and Elders, 1773 ; Shawangunk and New-Paltz, 2d, (or WallkiU,) 1774^78 ; Shawan- gunk and Montgomery, 1778-85 ; (supplied Middleburgh, 1774-80, and Schoharie, 1780-5 ;) Jamaica, Newtown, Oyster Bay and Success, 1785-97, Schoharie, 1797-1803, died July 9, 1813. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1786. He was the son of Peter and Margaret (Arianson) Tan Nest, and great- grandson of Peter Van Nest, who came from Holland in 1647. (George, the brother of Eynier, was the father of Abram Van Nest, of New-York City.) He was converted at an early age, but did not enter the ministry till thirty- six years of age. On Feb. 24, 1776, he married Catherine, (Hagar,) widow of Rev. J. M. Goetschius, of Schoharie. Mr. Van Nest waa somewhat fleshy, very neat in personal appearance and in penmanship, a good speaker in Dutch, and popular in the churches, but could never succeed well in English. He and his wife, on account of their genial disposition were both favorites with the young. But the times in which he lived and labored, during and succeeding the Revolution, were very unpropitious to ministerial success. He and his people were devoted Whigs, and he gave much to the Continental Congress. He died at the house of hia nephew. Rev. Peter Studdiford, of Eeadington, the Rev. Dr. Janev/ay officiating at his funeral. VAX Neste, Geo. J., b. Sept. 7, 1822, at Weston, N.J. ; R.C. 1843, N.B.S. 1846, 1. CI. N.B. 1846 ; Bound Brook, 1847-53, Lodi, 1853-65, West New- Hempstead, 1865-9, Little Falls, N.J., 1869-75, St. Johnsville, N.T., 1875-9. Pxiblications : Address as Delegate from Gen. Syn. R.C.A. to the Gen. Assembly of Canada Presbyt. Ch. at Ottawa, June 3, 1874. In Ch. Int. July 9, 1874. — Pastoral Charge to Rev. B. C. Lippincott, at his install, at Clsirks- town. In Ch. Int. Nov. 1866. — Notes from Life of Rev. Dr. Bethune. Nine Arts, in Rockland Co. Journal. 1868. — Ser. at Dedication Eef. Ch. Lodi, N.Y., Jan. 24, 1872. In Seneca Falls Courier, 1873. — Oration on Dec- oration Day at St. JohnsvUle, N.Y., May 30, 1876. In Interior New-Yorker, June 7, 1876. — Address on Occasion of Planting a Centennial Tree by Students of Fort Plain Seminary and Coll. Inst. June 39, 1876. In Mohaisk Valley Register, July 6, 1876. — Various arts, in Ch. Int.,,Sower, etc., signed 616 THE MI>-ISTEY. E. N. E. — Address on "The Experimental Evidence of tlie Truth of Chris- tianity," before the Theological Sem., New-Brunswick, N.J., May 19, 1874. In MS. Van Nestb, John Alfked, b. near Bound Brook, N.J., 1849 ; R.C. 1872, N.i3.S. 1875, lie. CI. Passaic ; Eidgewood, May 34, 1875— Van Nist, Jacobus, b. 1735 ; lie. by the American Classis, 1758 ; Pough- keepsie and Fishkill, 1758-61, d. Van Nieuwenhuysen, Wilhelmus ; c. to America, 1671 ; New-Tork, 1671-81; d. Feb. 17. For a while after the English conquest the Dutch Church seemed para- lyzed. But few letters passed back and forth to Holland. Selyns at once returned to Europe, and a few years later, Blom and Samuel Megapolensis. John Megapolensis died in 1669. Only Schaats, Polhemus and Drisius re- mained. A considerable exodus of the people also took place. The Dutch were independent of all English ecclesiastical laws. Governors Nicholls and Lovelace acknowledged the Dutch Church as the established church, and taxed the inhabitants for the support of the Dutch clergy. But in seven years three of the clergy had returned to Holland, one had died, and none had come to America to take their places. In 1670, therefore. Governor Lovelace formally promised civil support to any Dutch clergyman who would come over to assist Drisius, who was becoming feeble. This proposition in- duced Van Nieuwenhuysen to come to America. This was also partly brought about through the influence of Selyns in Holland, who was a relative. His ministry was peaceful for three or lour years, until the reeonquest of New- York by the Dutch in 1674. This event, or perhaps the different dis- position of Governor Andres, with other circumstances, now produced a change, and that struggle begun between the English governors and the anti-Episcopal churches, which continued with more or less severity until the independence of the country, a century later. Van Nieuwenhuysen successfully resisted the attempt to foist an Episcopalian on the Dutch church of Albany, 1675, until the latter promised to come under the Classis of Amsterdam. [Van Rensselaer.] Four years later, at the direction or permission of Governor Andros, Van Nieuwenhuysen convened the four Dutch ministers then in the country, (viz., Schaats, Van Gaasbeek, Van Zuuren and himself,) with their elders, and they organized a Classis, and ordained Tesschenmaeker to the ministry. (Tbsschenmaeker.) This was the first formal ecclesiastical body among the Dutch in America, and the last for about seventy years. [Coetus.] Their act of ordination was ratified by the Classis of Amsterdam. There was a constant and steady growth in the membership during his ministry in New- York. He also sup- plied the churches on Long Island during their vacancy. His correspond- ence with the Classis impresses one that he was a faithful and judicious minister and pastor. He was a, Cocceian in exegesis. — Amst. Cor., several THE MINISTET. ^1' Utters Doe. Eist. iii. 536, 683. MunseU's Annals of Albany. Col. Hist. iii 136- ix. 468. Brodhead's N. Y. ii. Murphy's Anthology, 1/0 The following lines concerning Van Nieuwenliuysen, are from tlie pen of Domine Selyns, his successor : OP HET PKEDICK-AMPT VAN WILHELMUS NIETTWENHITSSEN. DOOB MY NIOESEENT TOT TEN DIENST J. ^. IN S. SEDEBLANBT. Hoe wordt Nienw Nederlandt vemieuwt door Nienwenliuysen. Hy doodt den oudemenscli, ea spreeckt de nieuwe voor ; Hondt d'oade leer, en dryft geen nienmcliliedeii door, Een doet door nieuwe drift haar onde qnaet verliayEen. *En wordt Nieuw Nederlandt door NieQwenhnysen's trouw, En Nicnwenhuysen door Nieuw Nederlandts berouw, Na 't Nieuw Jerusalem gevoert om nleuwichlieden, Wat kerck -rindt meerden heyl, als door yemieude seden. ON THE MINISTET OF D03IISE HTEUWENHUTBE^. How is Ncw-Netherland renewed by Nieuwenkuysen 1 He kills the old man off, and then the new directs ; He holds old doctrines fast and not the new rejects. E'er by his new pledged zeal old error ostracizing. Now is New-Nethcrland by NieBwenhnysen's mission, AndNieuwenhuysen by New-Netherland's contrition. Led to the New-Jemsalem for new delights. What church more safely finds than in renewed rites ? Van Olinda, Douw, b. at Charleston, N^.T., 1800; N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. S.B. 1824 ; Miss, to Johnstown, Mayfield, and Uaion, 1825, Palatine, 1825-7, Maple- town, Spraker's Basin, and Canajoharie, 1827-31, New-Paltz, 1882-44, Caughnawaga, 1844-58, d. He was of large stature and commanding appearance, an edifying and instructive preacher, addressing rather the understanding than the feelings. His distinguishing trait was great executive nhUitj.— Stiff s Hist. Oil. New- PaUz. Van Oostenbrugge, Cornells. H.S. 1875-7. VAX Pelt, Daniel, b. Oct. 10, 1853, at Schiedam, Neths.; C.C. K.T. 1874, X.B.S. 1877, lie. CI. N.T.; Spring VaUey, July 1, 1877-8, Oct. 10; Hol- land, Mich., (Hope Church,) Jan. 14, 1879— Van Pelt, Peter I., b. at Bush wick, L.I., May 27, 1778; C.C. 1799, studied under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1801 ; Staten Island, 1802-35, Fordliam, 1836-47, d. Jan. 20, 1861. Also chaplain in the war, 1812-14. D.D. by E.C. 1834. During his preparation for the ministry, he was invited by a committee of Kings Co., L.I., to deliver an oration on the death of Washington. The great work of his life was accomplished on Staten Island, where he had on several occasions large accessions to the church. Gov. Tompkins also invited him to make an address of welcome to General La Fayette, on his arrival at the Governor's house, as the nation's guest, in 1824. He was with Aaron Burr in his last moments, in 1836. After a ministry of forty-six years he retired to the city, where he spent his last days. — Mag. B.D.C. iv. 37, Bev. Dr. Jas. BrownZee's Hist. Sermons, 1865-75. 518 THE MINISTET. Publications : Oration on Washington, at Flatbusli. 8vo, pp. 24. 1800. — Disc, at tlie Fun. of Rev. Peter Lowe. 1818.— Oration on Life, Character, and Services of the late Hon. Dan. D. Tompliins. 1843.— Discourse at the Re- quest of the Survivors of the Veteran Corps of the War of 1813, July 4, 1851. Van Haalte, Albertus C, (son of Rev Van Raalte,) b. at Waarne- peryeen, Overyssel, Holland, Oct. 17, 1811; Leyden University, 1831, Ley- den Theolog. Sem. 1834, examined in the Provincial Synod of the Hague, May, 1835, ordained for general service in Amsterdam, in the General Sy- nod of The Separated, or Free Reformed Church of the Netherlands, March 4, 1836 ; Miss, first in Genpminden, then in Ommer, (Overyssel,) 1886-44, Arnheim, (Guelderland,) 1844^6, c. to America ; Holland, Mich., 1851-67; Miss, of the Classes of Holland and Wisconsin for the Emigration Field, Amelia C. H., Va., 1869-70; Pres. of Council of Hope College, 1870-4; d. Nov. 7, 1876. D.D. by B.C. 1858. During his theological course the difficulties between the Separatists and the State were culminating. Alienated by the existing corruption in doc- trine and practice, many of the humbler class withdrew from the regular Church and began their own ecclesiastical arrangements. Whereupon there was revived an obsolete law which forbade the assembling together of more than a certain limited number of persons, except by permission of the gov- ernment ; and thus it was sought to crush out the secession. But, undeterred by the fear of legal penalties, they continued to meet for social worship, often in secret, and were pursued from place to place by the officers of the law. Under these circumstances young Van Raalte identified himself with the persecuted people of God, and was ordained by their few ministers in 1836. Although the seceders were destitute of influence through education, social position, wealth of numbers, yet he cast in his lot with them. Possessed of high intellectual gifts and rare eloquence, he turned from the career which might have opened before him in the reigning Church, and was often sub- ject to civil process, even to fines and imprisonment. At length, when relief was sought by the people from the oppression which attended their assertion of the rights of conscience, their minds were naturally turned to these shores as an asylum, and in America many of them eventually found their haven of hope. While scattered families located in different cities. East and West, and while an important colony settled in Iowa, and to their new city of refuge gave the appropriate name of Pella, Dr. Van Raalte selected Ottawa Co., Michigan, because a suit- able tract of land could there be found. Bat what little money the Holland- ers had. Providence took away from them. They were obliged to encounter pioneer trials and distresses in no ordinary degree. But Dr. Van Raalte set an example of unflinching fortitude. Besides pastoral labors, he went from place to place at the East and solicited funds for the Holland Academy. Van Rensselaer, Nicholas, lie. in Holland ; ord. as a deacon of Ch. of Eng., THE UINISTET. 519 by the Bishop of Salisbury, 1065 ; Dutch Church at Westminster, 1665-. . came to America, 1674 ; Albany, 1675-7 ; deposed 1677 ; died, 1678. He had once been a Bcentiate for the ministry in Holland, and perhaps ordained. He was a younger son of the first patroon of Rensselaerwyck. He is found in the train of Charles II., at Brussels, and luckily prophesied to him that he would be restored to the throne. When that event occurred, he accompanied the Dutch ambassador, Van Gogh, to London, as Chaplain o the embassy ; and the King recollecting his prediction, gave Van Hens selaer a gold snuff-box, with his likeness in the lid, which is still preserved by the family at Albany. After Van Gogh left London, because of the Dutch war in 1665, Van Eensselaer received Charles' license to preach to the Dutch congregation, at Westminster, was ordained a deacon in the English Church by. the Bishop of Salisbury, and was appointed lecturer at St. Margaret's, Lothbury. The Dutch had regained possession of New-Netherland, and held it for a single year, 1673-4. It was then surrendered a second time, Andros becom- ing Governor. With him came over this Eev. Kicholas Van Rensselaer. He had sought and obtained a grant of the colony of Rensselaerwyck, but he failed to retain it. He was now recommended by the Duke of York, (July, 1674,) for a IMng in one of the Dutch churches in the colony. Andros resolved to induct him in the church of Albany as a colleague of old Domlne , Sehaats. This was contrary to the Order of the Dutch churches, and to the terms of the treaty. Says Van Nieuwenhuysen, " When this man came here, with the restoration of the EngliSh government, he was, after a few months, installed in the ministry of the church of Fort Orange, now New Albany, without the leaSt communication with any ecclesiastical persons out of the place. This I judged to be directly contrary to the rules and orders of the Church of the Fatherland. When he came here, I signified to him by an elder that he could not administer baptism in our church, (which he otherwise would have performed unsohcited,) until he should bring evidence that he had passed his final examination, and had been ordained to the office of the ministry in the Fatherland. Instead of producing tliis evidence, he immediately [invented] and laid slanderous charges [against me] before the Governor. He said that I had denied that the Church of England was a true Church; that I had treated the authority and letters of the King and the Duke of York with contempt, and had subjected myself to the charge of Crimen neseioquod. [Crimen laestemajestatisf] Nothing of these charges has since been shown to me or seen by me, as presented by him. The council here being called together concerning this matter, I was publicly asked. If the Church of England or the Bishop of Salisbury had not power to ordain a minister in our Dutch Church ? Whereupon I persistently de- clared that I could not and would not acknowledge any Episcopal govern- ment over the church committed to my care. I placed myself for vindica- tion upon the church order of the Netherlands, and referred to my instruc- tions received form your Rev. body, viz.: that all things must be done in harmony with the Netherlands Ch\iich."— [Extract of letter 169, May 30 1676.] 620 THE MINISTRY, The consistory at Albany resisted Van Rensselaer's induction into their cliurcli, and the N. Y. church sent their pastor thither, and for a time he seems . to have acted as a colleague of Schaats. Van Kensselaer continued to offici- ate for about a year, when he was Imprisoned for some dubious words which he uttered in the pulpit. The Governor ordered him to be released, and summoned the magistrates to attend him at New-Tork. The case was sent back to the magistrates of Albany. False doctrine was proved, but a recon- ciliation was enjoined, while. the prosecutors were fined. In 1677, however, the Governor himself was compelled to depose Van Rensselaer, because of his scandalous life. His wife was Alida Schuyler, who afterward, (1783,) married Robert Livingston. — Amst. Oor. Col. Mist. iii. 235. JDoc. Hist. iii. 434, 526, 530. Smith's N. 7. 33, 34. Brodliead's N. Y. vol. ii. Van Riper, Garrabrant, student in N.B.S., d. 1838, Jan. 11.— Mag. B.D.C. ii. 353, 374-5. Van Santvoord, Cornelius, b. 1697 ; studied in University of Leyden, under John Marck ; Staten Island, 1718-43, also Belleville, 1730-3, Schenectady, 1743-53, d. While on Staten Island, he preached in both the French and Dutch lan- guages. He was an intimate friend of Domine Frelinghuysen of Raritan, sympathizing with him in all his trials, while his learning, acuteness, and manly independence qualified him to be his advocate. In this character, he appeared in a small volume entitled, A Dialogue between Condderans and Candidus. He translated Prof. Marck's commentary on the Apoca- lypse, adding much to it by his own reflections. He sent it to Holland for approval, and it was not only approved, but adorned with a copious preface, by Prof. Wesselius. The high respect entertained and shown by Mr. Van Santvoord for Prof. Marck was but the counterpart of the professor's esteem for him. He declared that Mr. V. was one of his most distinguished and apt pupils, and he was honored by the professor's friendship to the end of life. — Amst. Cor. Brovmlee's Hist. Dis. on Staten Island. The Dialogue above referred to has recently been translated by Rev. Maurice G. Hansen, of Coxsackie, and is ready for the press if funds can be secured. Van Santvookd, Cob. S., (s. of Staats Van Santvoord,) b. at Belleville, N.J.; U.C. 1835, N.B.S. and P.S. 1838, 1. by Presbyt. N.Y., 1838 ; Canas- tota, 1888-9, supplied Coeymans and New-Baltimore, six months, 1889- 40, Saugerties, 1840-55, Union Village, 1855-8, Coxsackie, 3d, 1859, Schenectady, 3d, 1860-1, Chaplain N.Y.S. Militia, 1861-5, Assoc. Ed. of TM Interior, 1869-71, Commissioner of Schools, Ulster Co., N.Y., 1871-6, supphed churches of Bloomingdale, St. Remy, Linlithgo, 1871-6, w. c. D.D. by R.C. 1855. Publications — Sermons : On the New Year. 1841. — On the Death of Mrs. Charlotte Case. 1843. — Disc, at the Anniversary of the Hope Temperance So- cieties of Kingston. 1846.— Fun. Ser. of Mrs. Elizabeth Hardenbergh DeWitt. 1849.— Discourse on the Life, Character, and Services of the Hon. Daniel Webster. 1853.— Disc, on the Death of Hon. John V. L. Overbagh. 1858. THE MESnSTET. 521 — Power in tlie Preacber. A Sermon before the Gen. Synod of E.C.A. at Newark. 1858.— Thanksgiving Ser., Presbyt. Ch., Schenectady. 1860. In Ch. Int. Articles : On Dr. Cannon's Pastoral Theology. In BMiotheca Sacra, ii. 417. — On Spurgeon. In Ulster Republican. 1860. — On Hall and Chalmers. In Ch. Int.— Oa Dr. Brodhead. In Ch. Int.— On. Dr. Westbrook. In Ch: Int. and JS'. Y. Enening Post.— On Dr. Bethune. In Ch. Int. 1863.— On Hon. Geo. Tan Santvoord. In Memorial Pamphlet. 1863. — On Rev. Dr. EUphalet Nott. In N. T. Times. 1866.— On Prof. Tayler Lewis. In Albany Enening Journal. 1877. — On Gen. Jas. B. McPherson. In Hours at Home. 1866. — Solomon and the Lily. In Hours at Home. 1866.— On Nashville during the Rebellion. 1867. — Regular Correspondent of N. Y. Times. 1863-6. (See Art. on Losses and Gains by the Rebellion, in N. Y. Times, 1865.) — Associate Editor of Tlie Interior, Chicago. 1869-71. — Numerous articles contributed to various newspapers and magazines, and Reports in Minutes of Gen. Synod. Volumes : Discourses on Special Occasions, and Miscellaneous Papers. 1 vol. pp. 456. N.Y., 1856.— Memoirs of Eliphalet Nott, D.D., LL.D., for sixty years President of Union -College ; with Contributions of Prof. Tayler Lewis, of Union College. 1876. — Articles in Bgragu^s Annals on Drs. Brodhead and Van Wagenen. Van Santvookd, Staats, b. 1790, (great-grandson of Cor. Van Santvoord ;) U.C. 1811, N.B.S. 1814, 1. CI. N.B. 1814 ; Belleville, 1814.-38, Agent to col- lect funds for Theolog. Sem., 1828-9 ; Schodack, 1829-34, also at Coey- mans, 1820-30; S.S. New-Baltimore, 1834^9; Onisquethaw, 1839-64, sup- plying also Berne, 3d, 1841-3, and New-Salem, 1843-4, and pastor at Jeru salem, 1845-57; in service of the Christian Commission, Nashville, Tenn., 1864, w. c. PiMications : Installation Sermon at Onisquethaw. 1841.— On the Sacri fice of Isaac. 1842.— Disc, at Dedication of R.D.C. Salem. 1845.— A Spirit- ual Gift, in a Series of fifteen Discourses on the Essential Doctrines and Duties of the Christian Religion. N.Y., 1851. Van Schie, Cornelius, b. 1703 ; Poughkeepsie and Fishkill, 1731-8, (1733 ace. to Rogers,) Albany, 1738-44, d. Aug. 15. SuppUed Claverack, 1733-43.— Amst. Cor. Doc. Hist. iii. 589. Van Sinderin, Ulpianus. Brooklyn, Flatlands, Bushwlck, New-Utrecht, Flat- bush, 1746-84, resigned ; also Gravesend, 1747-65, emeritus 1784. ' Died 1803, Oct. 1. He was called in the place of Antonides. He almost at once incurred the displeasure of Arondeus, because he officiated at a marriage shortly after his arrival. Aiondeus therefore refused to introduce him to the people He brought over with him the letter from the Classis authorizing the formation of a Coetus. He also showed a not altogether proper spirit in refusing to be reconciled to Arondeus privately, when the consistory wished it. He insisted on v. public reconciliation. The consistories then retracted his 522 THE MIJTlSTEr. call, and wlien he insisted on preaching, left their seats. In 1750 he was declared to be the only lawful minister in Kings County. — Amst. Cor. Mints. of Ooeius. Van Slykb, Evbirt. E.G. 18G3, N.B.S. 1865,1. CI. N.Y. 1865; White House, 1865-7, West-Farms, 1867-71, Albany, Sd, 1871-3, Syracuse, 1876— Van Slykb, John Gabnset, b. at Coeymans, N.Y., 1845 ; E.G. 1866, N.B.S. 1869, 1. CI. Albany, 1869, Eeadington, 1869-70, Jamaica, 1870-76, King- ston, 1st, 1876— PuUications : Hist, of Eef. Cli. Jamaica, L.I. 1876. — Letters from Abroad, and other Articles, in the Oh. Int., etc. Van Thuysen, A.B. 1848. Van Varick, see Varick. Van Vechten, Jacob, b. at C'atskill, 1788 ; U.G. 1809, Assoc. Eef. Sem. 1813, and N.B.S. 1814, 1. Gl. KB. 1814; Schenectady, 1815-49, died Sept. 15, 1871. D.D. Elected a trustee of U.G. 1837. The life of a minister, occupied in the faithful discharge of his duties in one pastoral charge, does not ordinarily present many incidents of a striking character. The work that he performs, the difficulties that he surmounts, and the success he realizes, are known only within a very limited circle, and are by no means of such a character as to attract attention from the world. This is eminently true in regard to this worthy man, whose extreme modesty was so well known, whose habits of life were retired and studious, and who by no means courted public observation. He was the third son of Judge Van Vechten, a leading lawyer in that sec- tion of country, very greatly distinguished for his legal attainments, and of large hospitality. He was associated during his literary course with Dr. Alexander McClelland, Judge Shaler, of Pennsylvania, and Gideon Hawley, of Albany, and others who became distinguished in the various professions. He chose for his sphere of life the profession of law, and entered the office of his uncle, Hon. Abraham Van Vechten, who was one of the most promi- nent members of the Albany bar. This young student had some traits of character which would have been of marked advantage to him had he pur- sued this plan of life. His inquisitive cast of mind and his habits of patient investigation would no doubt have commanded success and distinction. But the Lord had other work for Mm to do, and we find him, immediately after uniting with the church, directing his attention to the gospel ministry. In his only charge he continued for thirty-four years, discharging the duties of his office with remarkable devotion, fidelity, and earnestness, in a calling which he greatly loved. Dr. Van Vechten's health in early life was feeble, and it was appre- hended that his labors might be arrested in the midst of his usefulness by a pulmonary aifeotion which had taken a strong hold upon his system. He was also a great sufferer from rheumatic difficulties, which often laid him aside from his work. In 1835 he visited Europe, principally to recruit his THE MINISTEY. 523 wasted strength, and was absent about one year from his congregation. While in Paris he submitted to a painful surgical operation for his rheu- matic troubles, which proved unsuccessful, and instead of bringing to him > the desired relief, left him a cripple for life. It was a very sore trial for him to be thus smitten down in the very strength of his days, and instead of walking the streets as formerly with an elastic step and in an erect form, to be compelled to make slow and painful progress by the aid of a cane and crutch. But with a cheerful spirit he yielded to the trial, which was all the more severe from the fact that it was the blunder of a surgeon. As a mem- ber of the Board of Trustees of Union College, he proved himself a most useful and efficient officer. Dr. Nott found in him a safe counselor, and his love for the college led him to bestow great attention upon its affairs, an interest which never flagged during his long and useful life. After Dr. Van Vechten retired from his charge in Schenectady in 1849, he removed to Albany, where he spent the following nineteen years. Although he did not seek another settlement in the ministry, yet he occupied his time in various useful ways. He was yet in the full vigor of his powers, and was 'by no means idle. He preached on nearly every Sabbath, aiding his brethren in the city and surrounding country, assisting them in conducting special services, and often having under his care feeble congregations in the neighborhood. He kept his mind active by reading and study, as well as by associating with those who were engaged in active work. He wrote admira- ble articles for the secular and religious press, and kept up his habit of pre- paring new sermons from week to week during these years of leisure at Albany. He also prepared an elaborate life of his theological teacher. Dr. John M. Mason, which was published ; the only biography of this distin- guished man that has been issued from the press. In 1868 he removed to Auburn, living in the famDy of his son-in-law. Rev. Professor Huntington, where he spent the evening of a beautiful life among his children and his children's children, happy in the possession of all his faculties, and in the enjoyment of a perfect trust in the Saviour. Dr. Van Vechten was a man of great usefulness in the Church, and stood high in the esteem of all who knew him. At the time of his death he was the oldest minister of our denomination, and widely known and honored. For more than fifty years he had been before the public, occupying very prominent positions, and he was regarded by all classes in the community as a man of high attainments and of great purity of ministerial character. He was a man of great amiability, very gentle in his intercourse with the people, in simplicity and frankness most remarkable, and utterly unselfish in his whole manner of life. In his own home he was kind and affectionate and a lover of hospitality, and in the homes of his people he was full of sympathy and encouragement. He was a model pastor, and among the afflicted no one could have been his superior. He was a man of deep piety and of very great devotion. No one could be in his company unless he was made to feel that his religion was a matter of the heart and life. His soul was filled with the love of Christ, and he would leave the impression that he was a spirituaHy-minded man and was devoted to his Master's work. He 524 THE MIXISTEY. had the rare art of introducing religious conversation in a most attractive manner, and the amount of good that he accomplished in this way was very abundant. He would often seem to be speaking from his own jich expe- rience, and his words always had weight from his known character as a Christian. This gentleness of manner and interest in the spiritual welfare of his people displayed itself also in reference to their temporal affairs, and he was regarded as a useful adviser, especially of young men. In Schenec- tady, where he spent the larger portion of his active life, no one was more honored than he, and his influence was unbounded. He had many warm friends, and his hearty way of greeting them, with his cordial grasp of the hand and his countenance beaming with affection as he made inquiries about the different members of the family, will never be forgotten. Many of the members of our Church, while pursuing their literary course at Union Col- lege, were aeustomed to attend his ministry. These young men he sought out, counseled and encouraged. And upon their introduction to the ministry he delighted to bring their names before vacant congregations and aid them in obtaining settlements. The writer of this sketch remembers the interest that he manifested in introducing him to his first pastoral charge. Dr. Van Vechten's mind was active and strong, and he was decided in his views. He was a student of great literary taste, and as he was thrown by his position largely among educated men he had great advantages. He wrote out his sermons in full, and always delivered them from manuscript. He was fond of his pen, and kept on writing sermons until the end. In his portfolio were found several discourses entirely completed that he had never preached, and numerous trains of thought that he had designed to elaborate and finish. His sermons were clear, orderly, and argumentative. He never aimed at dressing up a discourse, or in giving a rhetorical finish to any of his preparations. He was not accustomed to use illustrations ; perhaps his style might have been improved in this respect. But he always gave to his people solid instruction, and no one could go away unbenefited. He preached much on experimental topics, and to the conscience. During revivals of religion he was sought after, and rendered important aid. His method of dealing with inquirers was most happy. In his delivery he was solemn, pointed, and earnest. He was not a popular orator, and had no grace of elocution, but he had strong thoughts, the pure gospel, a direct purpose before his mind, and his preaching was always powerful in the presentation of Christ. His theology was based upon the teachings of his eminent instructor and father-in-law, Dr. Mason, for whom he had an unbounded admiration. And yet he thought for himself, and was always edifying. During his whole ministerial life he actively participated in the benevo- lent movements of the day, most of which had sprung up in his own time. He hailed these organizations with pleasure, and saw in them signs of the future growth and unity of the Church. This was one of his favorite topics of thought, and he often preached upon the subject. He was attached to his own denomination, but he could co-operate with others, and he was fond of looking towards the future, when there should be one fold and one Shep- herd. The last sermon that he preached was on the 3d of September, as he THE MISriSTET. 525 died on tlie 15th, and the subject of his discourse was his favorite theme, " The Blessed Prospect," from Psalm 102 : 16-17. His death was unex- pected. He was slightly indisposed from a cold which he had contracted, when he received a message from Schenectady to olEciate at the funeral of a former parishioner, and he was actually planning to be present. But on the following day the Master called him, and so it occurred that the pastor and one of his flock were borne to the grave on the same day. He served his Master long and faithfully, and his memory will be cherished in grateful remembrance. It may be added that the first wife of Dr. Tan Vechten was Catherine, daughter of Dr. Mason, and a most estimable minister's wife. Her early death, at the age of twenty-five, was a very sore bereavement, and created a deep impression upon the community. The account of her death, and her peculiar exercises of mind, are given in the Mag. B.D.G. ii. 65, 355. His second marriage was to Maria, a daughter of Abraham Van Wyck, Esq., of Coxsackie, who was in every way calculated to aid him in the discharge of his ministerial work. — Rev. Dr. B. H. Steele. Publications : Letter on Character of Dr. Peter Labagh. In Todd's Mem. of Zaiagh.— An Effective Ministry. A Ser. before Classis of Albany. 1868. — ^Memoirs of John M. Mason, D.D., S.T.P. with portions of his Correspon- dence. 8vo. pp. 559. 1856. See Princeton Sev., 1855, 3Qd. Mag. B.D.O. ii. 65, 355. Van Vechten, Samdbl. TJ.C. 1818, N.B.S. 1822, 1. CI. N.B. 1833; Miss, to Princeton and Gnilderland, 1833-3, to Ovid, Johnstown, Westerlo and Mapletown, Mayfield, Fonda's Bush, and Union, 1838-4, Bloomingburgh and Rome, or Mamakating, 1834-9, Bloomingburgh, 1839-41, Fort Plain, 1841-4, w. c— D.D. Van Vleck, John, b. at Shawangunk, 1838 ; R.C. 1853, IST.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. 1855 ; Prin. Holland Academy, Mich., 1855-9, Prin. Kingston Academy, 1859-63, Middleport and Wawarsing, 1862-4, d. 1865, Mar. 15. Born and nurtured in the vaUey of the WaUkill, under devoted pastoral and parental care, trained to patient endurance, his mind at the same time found food, and developed vigorously, under apparently unpropitious cir- cumstances. Upon graduating he was made Principal of Holland Acade- my, and this institution, the germ of Hope College, is his monument. He also began English preaching in the Holland colony in Michigan, which culminated in the Second Church of Holland. He possessed warm im- pulses and an affectionate disposition, and loved his pupils dearly, for their own sakes and for Christ's. Many were led to study for the ministry through his influence. He was a most diligent student, an excellent He- brew scholar, and an admirable exegete, and projected and almost com- pleted several exegetical works. His " Gethsemane" was about completed, and is worthy to see the light. He had also advanced far on the Song of Solomon. As a classical scholar and teacher ho had few superiors, and as a writer his exegetical ability was only exceeded by his spirituality. 626 THE MINISTET. Van Vleck, Paulus. Neshaminy, Pa., 1710-13, being a Low Dutch Cli. in Bucks Co., Pa., In connection with the Presbyterians. He first appears as schoolmaster and precentor at Kinderhook in 1703, and sometimes preaching, for which he was complained of and made to de- sist. Boc. History, iii. 538. Dos. Antonides and Du Bois, in 1709, were directed by Col. Nicholson to ordain him as a Chaplain for the Dutch troops proceeding to Canada, but they plead that they had no authority to do so. At the Governor's request Freeman then ordained him. The Classis of Am- sterdam expressed their grief for this irregularity. [Freeman.] In 1713 he was charged with bigamy, and left the country in 1715. — Amst. Cor. Webiter's Hist. Preshyt. Ch. 338. Van Vlierden, Peter, Leyden University } (St. Croix, W.I.,) 17. .-1793, Caats- bau, 1794-1804, suspended. Restored July, 1804, d. 1831. He was the last minister who came over from Holland, until the recent immigration in 1848, coming, however, by way of the West-Indies, where he was settled for ii time. He was a, learned and able divine, graduating from the University with the highest honors. He left one son, who, in sell- ing some silverware belonging to the family, sold a prize medal, which his father had won in the University of Leyden. It is now in possession of the family of Mr. Apollos Cooke. Publications : The Destiny of the Soul after Death. A Ser. at the Fun. of Eev. John Schunema. 1794. — A Fast-day Sermon, at Catskill, 1813. Albany, 1813. Van Voorhis, Stephen. C.N.J. 1765, lie. by the General Meeting of Minis- ters and Elders, 1773; Poughkeepsie, 1773-6, supplied Dover, 1774, Ehinebeck Flats, 1776-84, Philipsburgh, (Tarrytown,) and Cortlandtown, 1785-8, (Kingston and Assynpinck, N.J., Presbyt.,) 1788-86, d. Nov. 33. Van Vrankbn, Adam H. E.G. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1851 ; Glen, 1851-65, Centreville, Mich., 1865— Van Vkankbn, F. V. U.C. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Montgomery, 1861 ; Lysander, 1861-6, Glen, 1866-73, Newark, 3d, 1873— Van Vranken, Howard H., b. at Glen, N.Y., June 1, 1853 ; Miami Univ. 1873, H.S. and N.B.S. 1875, lie. CI. Michigan; Linden, 1875-6, Irving Park, 1877— Van Vranken, Nicholas, b. at Schenectady, 1763 ; studied under Dirck Eomeyn and Livingston, 1. by the Synod of R.D. Clis. 1790 ; Fishkill, Hopewell, and New-Hackensack, 1791-1804, d. He was a man of fine attainments, literary and theological, a fervent and eloquent speaker, and a most devoted servant of God. After completing his preparatory studies, he became principal of a flourishing academy in his native city, continuing in that position for six years. This academy was the germ of Union College. The records of his churches, so far as pre- served, show numerous additions, evidencing that his labors were blessed. THE MINISTET. 527 He wag possessed of strong affections, ardently attaclied to his charges, no inducement prevailing with him to sever his connection with them. He declined calls from Albany and Schenectady. The change of language, from the Dutch to the English, took place in his charges during his ministry. Hia knowledge of his people was so complete, and his tact so great, that when, according to ancient custom, the communicants stood around the pulpit to receive the sacramental elements from the hands of their pastor, he adapted his remarks to the circumstances of each. His quick eye took in in a moment individual peculiarities, and he also spoke to them in Dutch or English, as they were best able to comprehend the one or the other. Tradition represents him as a most faithful, devoted, and dearly beloved pastor. One of his elders in Ponghkeepsie once said to him, "Domine, I hear that a great woe has been pronounced against you, a woe upon the very highest authority — woe unto the man of whom all speak well." His personal appearance was very prepossessing; he was gentlemanly in his manners ; his conversational talent was finely developed, enabling him to make the best possible use of a large fund of chaste anec- dotes, and rendering him a most agreeable and instructive associate to all classes. He never lowered his ministerial character, though he richly en- joyed a jest. Tradition also tells a story, illustrative of his humor. Having visited one of his parishioners, as he was about leaving, the latter said, " Domine, the next time you come bring a bag and I will fill it with oats." On his next visit he did take a bag, but it was of unusual dimensions, two large sheets having been sewed together for the purpose. His friend took the sack, and paying the Domine in his own coin, filled it with oafs in the sheaf. His final sickness was very violent and rapid. Most of his people had not heard of it until, on Sabbath, when waiting for his entrance as usual into the church, the messenger brought tidings of his death.— .Sip's Hist. Dis. at MiliMU. Van Tranken, Samuel A., (s. of Nicholas Van Vranken,) b. 1790 ; N.B.S. 1817, 1. a. N.B. 1817; Middletown and Freehold, 1818-36, Freehold, 1836-34, Poughkeepsie, 1834r-7, Broome St., N.Y.C., 1837-41, Prof. Didac. Theol. in N.B. Sem. and Prof. Evid. Ch. Eelig. and Logic in Rutgers Col. 1841-61, d. Jan. 1. Elected a trustee of Queens Coll. 1819 S T D by C.C. 1836. No one ever met him, and conversed with him for even a few moments, who did not feel at once that he was a highly intelligent, noble-minded, and gifted Christian gentleman. His personal presence was imposing, his voice rang out freely, the grasp of his hand was animating, his eye rested confi- dently upon you, and when he spoke, you saw plainly that he was a man of a, frank and open disposition, of large information, and possessed of such powers of intellect as would render any thing that he might have to say worthy of your attention. He was an ingenuous man. He knew of no con- cealment, practiced no subterfuges, and might be understood in a few mo- ments. Few were more unsophisticated, unsuspicious, and open-hearted than he in hia intercourse with his brethren. 528 THE MINISTRY. As a consequence, lie liad many friends ■wlio fully appreciated his many noble qualities and loved him sincerely. He retained them too, when he had once gained them, all the rest of his days. "He never lost a friend." His frankness, his integrity, his great-heartedness, guarded him from the misfortune of not being understood, as surely as it did from betraying any one who had ever trusted in him. The study of none of the professors was more resorted to, or rung more frequently with that spontaneous burst of laughter which an anecdote, as he told it, was sure to call forth. There was no restraint felt even by young men in his presence, but his cheerful, genial, generous temper encouraged freedom and inspired their confidence. His nunlerous friends in the ministry loved to meet him and enjoy his sunny spirit, as it diffused itself in the confidence of social intercourse. His house was the home of his friends, whenever they chose to occupy it ; and his table welcomed them as often as it was spread. In public life he was never a partisan, never found among a clique, never the advocate of selfish, narrow, one-sided views ; but what was good he promoted, earnestly supported, no matter whom it might benefit, or who might oppose it. Hence his opinions always had weight, and his policy sel- dom failed to prove itself right. He had no difBculty in seeing the truth, because he looked at it through no distracting medium. It was always sim- ple and clear to him, because he sought nothing but to find it. He looked at the whole, and formed his judgment from an elevated, generous, and mag-, nanimous standpoint. His piety was delicately sensible, deeply emotional, and warmly affection- ate. Or(Mnarily, this would not appear, and its cheerful, sunny aspect seemed to be the first and most observed ; but when the occasion occurred, and his soul was moved, his great heart swelled with tumultuous, sentiment, and poured itself out in a torrent of feeling or a flood of tears. At com- munion seasons, in the prayer-meeting, and often in social intercourse, when he related some striking instance in which the power of grace had been sweetly and kindly manifested, his huge frame would quiver, his utterance become choked, and his cheeks wet with tears. Another prominent trait of his piety was its genial, cheerful, hopeful temper. He never looked gloomy, never groaned and sighed, never seemed to be in the valley of Baca ; but he certainly knew what affliction was, and saw death often in his own family circle. And though he had his sea- sons of desertion, and found occasions of penitence, yet before the world the peace of God ever shone from his soul. He could " weep with those that wept," but lie loved most " to rejoice with them that do rejoice." He never obtruded his feelings on any one, yet he was the last man who would have concealed them from any fear of man. Hence his piety seemed entirely un- afEected — the spontaneous expression of sentiment and feeling evidently pervading his whole heart. He was a Christian in the highest and best sense. As a preacher he had many qualities of excellence. His sermons were in- genious, earnest, and impressive, in some parts imaginative, glowing, grand. His deep, sonorous voice, ringing through a large church, his majestic per- THE MINISTEY. 529 Bonal presence, and the tones and accents in wLicli he nttered some of the impassioned parts, left a trace upon memory which was never effaced. In his early life, he preached memoriter. He had a remarkable vigor and no- bleness of thought, ranging over the whole field of religious discussion, and comprehending at a glance its prominent and appropriate points in relation to the subject in hand. His mental powers were of the very first order, and his mind had been well stored and cultivated. Every sermon was profitable, intellectually and morally, exhibiting vigor of thought, judicious argument, and earnest appeals to the heart and conscience. His first and principal aim was to instruct and edify. Regardless of ap- plause, he sought more to unfold the meaning of the Scriptures, and make known the saving truths of the gospel, than to gain the favor of men, by dazzling them with fine language and rhetorical ornaments. His great heart could sometimes almost be felt beating in its strong pulsations and il- lustrations by which he enforced the truth. He never made any special pretentious display of scholarship — not because he did not possess it, but because he was above it. He was the farthest of all men from being a pedant, or from seeking to display the learning which he really possessed. But it was unsafe for an opponent to presume on his not having it ; he was sure of discomfiture. He had read extensively and thought profoundly, while the readiness with which he commanded the treasures of his mind enabled him promptly to meet every emergency. Yet he was rather a good general scholar than specially learned on any particu- lar branch. — Sermon at his Inaug. as Prof, by Dr. T. K Vermilye. Fan^ Ser. by Dr. Campbell, Evang. Quart, ii. 177. Ptiblications : The Religious Spirit of the Age : an Address at Anniver. of Miss. Soc. R.D.C. 1829. Mag. S.D.O. iv. 102.— Socinianism Subversive of Christianity. 16mo, pp. 64. 1841.— Whose Children are entitled to Baptism. 16mo, pp. 135. 1841. — Sketch of Sermon preached at Ordination of Revs. Mabon and Taylor, 1844. In C7i. Int., Oct., 1844.— Address at Fun. of Dr. Knox, 1858. In Knox Memorial.— Ait. in Sprague's Annals on Rev. Dr. John Schureman. — System of Theology. In MS. Van Wagenen, John Hardenbergh, b. at Rochester, (Ulster Co.) N.T., 1803 ; U.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. Ulster, 1826; Beaverdam, Berne, 1826-3l! Niskayuna and Amity, 1831-4, Niskayuna, 1834-5, Linlithgo, 1835-40, Linlithgo and Mt. Pleasant, (Greenpoint,) 1840-1, Kingston, 1841-4, d. He was the child of pious parents, who desired that he should study for the ministry. He prepared himself for college under Rev. James Murphy.. In each of his several pastorates he was blessed with powerful revivals of religion, during the last three years of his life, at Kingston, receiving 163; into the church. Few men have been more useful. He probably received more members into the church, during his ministry, than any other man of his age then living. He was noted for fidelity, zeal, and untiring industry. His talents were of a high order, and carefully cultivated by an excellent education, extensive reading, and deep, close thought. His mind wag clear, capacious, rapid, and decisive. Few men saw a subject in all its relations 84 530 THE MINISTRY. and bearings more readily, or acted more promptly. He possessed handsome pulpit talents, and extraordinary readiness and power in extemporaneous preaching. — Sprague's Annals. Publication : A Ser. in behalf of the Widows' Fund. 1839. Van Wagener, W. A., b. in N.T.C., 1840; C.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1861-2, P.S. 1862-3, N.B.S. 1863-4 ; Episcopalian ; assistant of Dr. Tyng. Died 1869. Van Woert, Jacob H. E.G. 1846, N.B.S. 1849, 1. CI. Greene, 1849 ; North- Blenheim and Breakabln, 1850-3, Ghent, 3d, (West,) 1853-65, Lawyer- ville, and Sharon, 1867-71, w. c. Van Wyck, Geo. P. E.G. 1840, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. Orange, 1848 ; Deerpark, 1844^53, moved south. Van Wtck, Polhemus, b. in N.T., 1838 ; E.G. 1843, N.B.S. 1848, 1. CI. Poflghkeepsie, 1848 ; Greenport, 1848-51, Gansevoort, and Northumber- land, 1853-6, West-Farms, 1856-67, Cortlandtown, 1867-8, supplying churches, 1868 — Van Zandt, Ab. B., b. in Albany Co., N.T. ; U.G. 1840, P.S. 1843, 1. Presbyt. Troy, 1843 ; ord. by Presbyt. North Eiver, 1843 ; Newburgh, 1842-8, (Pe- tersburgh, Va., 1848-56,) Central, Ninth St., N.Y.C., 1855-9, Montgomery.. 1859-73, Prof, of Didactic and Polemic Theology at Jfew-Brunswick, 1873—. D.D. by Hampden Sidney Coll., Va., 1858; LL.D. by C.N.J., 1873. Publications : Oration, July 4, 1840. Union Village, Washington Co., N.Y. Pp. 19.— Oration, Odd Fellows' Celebration, July 4, 1843. New- burgh, N.Y. — Beview of "Eeport of American Bible Society" for 1849. Art. in Southern Presb. Rev. for July, 1850. — " God's Voice to the Nation." ; Sermon occasioned by the Death of President Z. Taylor. Petersburgh, Va., 1830. Pp. 30. — " The Voice of Years." Sermon occasioned by the Death of Henry Clay. Petersburg, Va., 1853. Pp. 20.— Eeport to the Synod of Vir- iginia on Parochial School Education. Phil. Presbyt. Board of Education, 1855. — " The Eomish Controversy.'' Sermon before the Synod of Virginia, at Alexandria, Va., 1855. Pp. 30. — "True Greatness." Sermon occasioned by the Death of Archibald Alexander, D.D. Petersburgh, Va., 1853. Pp. 33. — " The Necessity of Eevelation, and the Condition of Man without It." Lectures on the Evidences at the University of Virginia, 1858. — " The Claims of Virginia upon her Educated Sons." Address before the Literary Society of Hampden Sidney College, Va., 1855. — " The Ministerial OflSce : its Nature and Limitations." Installation Sermon, New- York, 1856. Pp. 33. — Anniversary Address at Eockland County Female Institute, 1857. — " The Law and Measure of Missionary EfEort." Sermon before Young Men's City Missionary Society, New- York, May, 1856.—" The Willing Mind." Sermon, Central Eef. Dutch Church, New- York, June, 1859.— "The Elect Lady." Memoir of Mrs. Susan C. Bott. Presb. Board of Publication, 13mo.— " The Ejghtful Name of the Bef. Prot. Dutch Church." A Review of the Eeport THE MINISTET. 531 of Committee proposing a Change. 1867. Pp. 33.—" The Power of the Claasis to Dissolve the Pastoral Relation." An Argument before the Particu- lar Synod of New-York. 1871. — Address before the Gen. Assembly of the Presbyterian Church iu America. Richmond, Va., 1872. — Inaugural Ad- dress at Installation as Prof, of Didactic and Polemic Theology. New- Brunswick, Sept. 24, 1872. — Reminiscences of Dr. Thos. De Witt. Memorial. — " The Impeccability of Christ." Art. in the Southern Presl>yterian Rev. for Jan., 1877. — Newspaper articles fn Watehman and Observer, Richmond, and Christian Intelligencer. Sermons iu the National Preacher. Van Zandt, BBiM.,b. in Albany, N.T. , 1809 ; tJ.C. 1833, Aub. Sem. 1836, lie. Presb. Cayuga, 1836 ; Union Village, 1836^2, Kinderhook, 1842-52, Nyack, 1853-5, Prin. of Rockland Institute, 1855-8, (Presb. 1858-62,) Can- ajoharie, 1862-9, Leeds, 1869-78, w. c. D.D. by U.C, 1866. Publication : Ser. at Fun. of Rev. Dr. Jacob Sickles. 1846. Van Zandt, Peter. N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 1817 ; Schenectady, 2d, and 1st >Ch. Fourth Ward, (Glenville,) 1818-33, Miss, to Oakhill, 1823, d. 1865. Van Zuuren, Casparus. Platbush, New-Utrecht, Brooklyn, Flatlands, 1677- 85; May 17, returned to Holland ; Gonderach, Holland, 1685-1704, and per- haps longer. In 1695 his old congregations on Long Island recalled him, but he did n9t accept. He also preached occasionally at Bush wick. Graves- end, Bergen, and Staten Island. — Amst. Cor., severaZ Utters. Mints. Ch. Jf.T., Eng. Trans., A,S6. Sutplten's Hist. Disc. Strong's Flatbush. Varick, (or Van Varick,) Rudolphus. Brooklyn, Flatlands, Flatbush, New- Utrecht, 1685-94, Aug. d. He also preached occasionally at Bushwick, Gravesend, Bergen, and Staten Island. When the usurpations of Leisler took place, he was for a long time pa- tient under them, but at length, for his high-handed proceedings, felt com- pelled to denounce him. (Sbltns.) In this opposition, he stood together with all the Reformed ministers of the Province — Selyns, Dellius, Daille. He found it necessary to flee, going to New-Castle. But upon his return he was charged with being privy to a design to rescue the fort from Leisler, and he was dragged by a force of armed men from his house, taken to the fort and imprisoned, and kept iu confinement for six months. This was in the fall of 1690. He was charged also with speaking treasonable words against Leisler, and was sentenced to pay a fine of £80, by Lanoy, a pretend- ed judge, to be deposed from his ministerial functions, and kept in prison till the fine was paid. Domine Selyns ofEered himself and property as bail for him when first imprisoned, but was refused, and threatened with imprison- ment himself. He was finally released without fine, though he ultimately died of his ill-treatment, while Leisler, his persecutor, was at length deposed and executed.— >4ms<. Cor. Doc. Hist. ii. 247. Col. Hist. iii. 749, 753 ; iv. 219. Oen. and Biog. Record, ix. 95. Murphy's AntJmlogy. Brodhead's N. Y. vol. ii. 532 THE SIINISTRT. Vas, (or De Vas,) Petrus, b. about 1658 ; Kingston, 1710-56, often officiated at Eliinebeck, having organized that church. In 1699 he is mentioned as a candidate at 's Gravelant, Holland. He suc- ceeded Beys (Bois) in 1710. The Classis says " he has a good witness among us, and we hope he will be received in love and good-will." A larger allow- ance than usual was asked of the church of Kingston for his voyage, as the journey was tedious, expensive, and dangerous on account of the war, and Vas had a large family.— ^msi!. Cor. Doc. Hist. iii. 585. Vedder, Edwin. E.G. 1841, N.B.S. 1844, 1. CI. Schenectady, 1844 ; Little Falls, 1845-9, S.S. Glenville 3d, 1849-51, Berne, 1st, and Beaverdam, 1851, Beaverdam, 1851-5, Middleburgh, and Schoharie Mt. , 1855-63, Gallupville and Knox, 1863-8, GallupviUe, 1868-71, Schoharie, 1871-3, Jerusalem, 1873-5, Gallupville, 1075— Vedder, Henry, 1. 1803. , Vedder, Hermanns, b. at Rotterdam, N.Y., Nov. 17, 1777 ; U.C. 1799, studied under D. Romeyn and S. Froeligh, lie. CI. Albany, Sept. 29, 1801 ; 1^ Greenbush and Taghkanic, 1803-50, also supplied Linlithgo, 1806-14, Greenbush, (Gallatin,) 1850-64 ; died, 1873, June 39. His great-grandfather (paternal side) came from Holland, and settled on the Mohawk, in company with the Yates, Van Vrankens, Sanders, Schermer- horns, and others, known both in Church and State. He resigned his pas- torate only when he had reached the age of eighty-nine, and died at ninety- six. For many years he had been the senior minister in the Reformed Church. A fellow-student, Henry Ostrander, reached the age of ninety-one. It is difficult to appreciate the scope of so long a life unless we compare it with historical events in Church and State. He could remember the close of the Revolutionary War, being then six years old, and he was fifteen when the first American Constitution of the Reformed Dutch Church was written. He was in the ministry for seventy -two years. His character was marked in an unvisual degree by a constant and im- pressive goodness. Calm in temperament, kind in heart, exemplary in piety, courtly in manner, faithful in every good word and work, he preached the gospel, not only with his lips, but also beautifully with his life. This secured to him so long the affection of successive generations of parishioners, until those whom he had baptized in their Infancy had become the gray- headed worshipers who bowed before him as their pastor still. His mental faculties were undimmed even to the last. The physical machinery wore bravely until a few months before his death. Then, without disease, it moved more and more slowly, appetite failed, weakness daily increased, until, at last, that heart which had pulsated through nearly a cen- tury vibrated more faintly and stopped. Tet as long as the lips were able to speak the mind was clear. His memory was remarkably accurate. He knew more of the characteristics and movements of some of the younger ministry than many of their co-laborers did. Up to a short period before THE IIINISTEY. 533 liis death, he read the news of the day with undiminished interest, and re- membered it with astonishing precision. But the beauty and joy of his declining days, as of his entire life, was his simple and unwavering faith in Jesus Christ. Only three weeks before his death he said to a ministerial friend sitting by his side, with deep emotion : " But I know in whom I have believed, and am persuaded that He is able to keep that which I have committed unto Him ; for I am persuaded that neither death, nor life, nor angels, nor principalities, nor powers, nor things present, nor things to come, nor height, nor depth, nor any other creature shall be able to separate me from the love of God which is in Christ Jesus, my Lord." He married Harriet Van Vranken, a cousin of Prof. S. H. Van Vranken, D.D., and had eight children. He was indeed the bishop of a large diocese. In the beginning of his ministry it embraced at least two hundred square miles. There are now on the same territory ten Kvangelical churches. Veenhittsbn, a. B. Rochester, 1852-8, [East-Williamson, Presb..] andPult- nevville, 1853-63, S.S. Pultneyville, 1862-5, PultneyviUe, 1865-70, East- Williamson (R.D.C.) 1870— Veenschoten, Wm., b. at Ede, Neths., 1844 ; H.C. 1871, H.S. 1874, lie. CI. Illinois; Schodac, Aug. 11, 1874 — Vehslage, Henkt. N.B.S. 1861, 1. by S. CI. N. Y., 1831 ; Irvington, 1861— Verbeck, Guido F., b. in Holland ; Auburn Sem. 1859, 1. Presbyt. Cayuga, 1859 ; voyage to Japan, May-Nov. 1859 ; Nagasaki, 1859-Mar. 1869, Miss, at Tokio ; also in connection with the Imperial Government in its Educa- tional and Translation Departments, 1869-78, voyage to America, 1878 ; in America, 1878— D.D. by B.C. 1874. Early in 1869 he was invited to come to Teddo, (Tokio,) and help in form- ing a national university. PvMications : He has printed little under his own name, yet the real merit of many publications in Japan is really his ; notably : A Suggestion and Plan of an Embassy from Japan to the Great Treaty Powers of the World. JUS. Tokio, 1870. (This was the foundation-stone, and one of the eflBcient causes of the Embassy of 1871-3.) — A Petition for Religious Toleration. MS. Tokio, 1872. — Wheaton's International Law. — Many tracts in the Japanese lang. He was one of a staff of writers in the production of "An Outline History of Japanese Education," prepared for the Centennial Espo- sition, 1876. 12mo, pp. 222. — Missionary Reports. Verbryck, Samuel, studied under J. Leydt, J. H. Goetschius, Vanderliude, and perhaps T. Frelinghuysen, of Albany ; lie. by Coetus, 1749 ; Tappan and Xew-Hempstead, (now Clarkstown,) 1750-84 d. He was one of the original trustees of Queens College. The Classis of Amsterdam very reluctantly gave permission for his ordi- nation in America. He was ever a firm friend of the Coetus and the Ameri- 534 THE MINISTET. can Classis, and helped greatly in securing ecclesiastical independence. He was clerk of the last regular meeting of the Coetus, -when the resolve was made to get the votes of the churches respecting a Classis. He greatly fur- thered this scheme, while Eitzema opposed it. (Eitzbma.) As clerk he had a right to the Minute-Book of Coetus, but it was generally left in New- York for convenience and safe-keeping, and hence it fell into the hands of the Conferentie, who recorded their own minutes thenceforth in this volume, 1755-1767. Probably the Coetus expected to secure the book again, and transcribe their minutes therein, but this was never accomplished, and hence the minutes of the American Classis, 1755-1771, are lost. The facts in gen- eral, however, may be understood from the voluminous Amsterdam corres- pondence! Verbryck was one of the eleven who signed the commission of Eev. Theodore Frelinghuysen, 1753, to go to Holland to secure funds for a University. While the latter was in Europe, 1759-61, followed by Harden- bergh of kindred spirit, 1761-3, and while Eitzema and Leydt were writing their pamphlets pro and con respecting ecclesiastical independence, 1761-5, Verbryck was laboring with untiring zeal to secure a charter from the Gov- ernor of New-Jersey for a distinctively Dutch literary institution. Failing the first time, he tried a second and a third from successive Governors, until he succeeded, and the charter for such an institution was signed May 10, 1766, to be called Queens College, so as not to be outdone in loyalty to the English crown by Kings College, in New- York. But by the time this success was gained, the great controversy and lawsuit in New- York respecting the intro- duction of English preaching had taken place, and been decided against the Dutch party. (Db Eonde.) It became obvious that a mistake had been made in the proposed character of the institution, and after four more years of waiting and labor, another charter, more liberal and unsectarian in char- acter, was secured. This is dated March 20, 1770. (Eutgers College.) It would have been more natural to locate this institution for the Dutch Church in New- York State along the banks of the Hudson, where the major- ity of the Dutch resided. The river also would always have been a conve- nient highway. But there v^as no prospect of success in securing another institution in^New-York, and in the choice between Hackensack and New- Brunswick, the latter location was finally decided on, although at the very southwestern extreme of the Dutch Church, in view of the German Re- formed element in Pennsylvania, which was also under the care of the Clas- sis of Amsterdam. This one-sided location led, soon after the Eevolution, to the founding of Union College at Schenectady. (Union College.) Verbryck's character is indicated by his untiring zeal as above exhibited. Yet this very zeal for a literary institution, so necessary for the ministry, of- fended many of his people, so tliat tliey refused to pay salary to 7Um / He also opposed all forms of prayer, and the celebration of the festival-days, which conduct was then considered a great innovation. The Conferentie wrote to the Classis of Amsterdam bitterly against him, urging them to taka him in hand. They declared that if he got a charter for an American insti- tution, it would tend to the increase of the same kind of ministers ! (Num- hers xi. 29.) Amst. Cor. Minutes of Coetus. Centennial Discs. 62, 75-91. REFORMED DUTCH CHURCH, COR. FIFTH AVENUE AND TWENTY-NINTH STREET NEW YORK CITY. THE MINISTET, 535 Vermeule, Cor. C, b. 1786; Q.C. 1813, N.B.S. 1814, 1. CI. N.B. 1814; Tutor in R.C. 1813-14, Prof, of Langs, in Queens Col. 1814r-5 ; Harlem, 1816-36, d. 1859, Jan. 15. D.D. When lie resigned his pastorate in 1836, on account of impaired healtL, tlie consistory voted Mm a year's salary, as a mark of their respect and esteem. He was tall and slender in appearance, grave, reserved, and digni- fied in manner, a good preacher, and an earnest and faithful pastor, of more than usual modesty and humility of spirit, and of great tenderness and sensibility of feeling. — MandeviUe's Hist. Dis., 1875. Vkkmilte, Ashbel G., (s. of T. E. Vermilye,) b. at Princeton, N. J., 1833 ; N.Y.U. 1840, N.B.S. 1841.1. CI. N.T. 1844; ord. by Presbyt. Albany, 1845 ; (Little Falls, N.r., 1845-50, Newburyport, Mass., 1850-63,) Utica, 1863-71, Schenectady, 1871-6, Chaplain of the Marine ^Chapel, Antwerp, Belgium ; sailed, March 36, 1879— D.D. by R.C. 1860. Pvblications: Hist. Sermon at Centennial of 1st Presbyt. Ch., Newbury- port. 1856. — Sermon on Death of Miss Mary C. Greenleaf, Missionary to the Indians. 1857. — Biographical paper on Rev. John Murray. Maine Sist. Sob. Magazine.— Tra.ct in Bellefonte Series on the Shorter Cat.— Synodical Sermon. In Ch. Intelligencer, 1871. — The Huguenot Element among the Dutch. In Centennial Discourses, 1876. ' Vermilye Dupuytren. R.C. 1860, N.B.S. 1863,1. a. Poughkeepsie, 1863; Miss, to Jefferson and Pittsford, 1863-65, Miss, at Palisades, 1865-8, (Guilderland, Presbyt., 1869.) Vermilte, Thomas E., b. in N.T.C. 1803 ; Y.C. 1833, Princeton, 1833, \. Presbyt. N.Y. 1836; (Vandewater St., N.T.C, Presbyt., 1836-30, West- Springfield, Mass., Cong., 1830-5,) Albany, 1835-9, New- York, 1839— D.D. by R.C. and U.C. 1838 ; S.T.D. by C.C. 1875 ; LL.D. by Jeff. C. 1857. Publications : Sketch of David Abeel.— The Guilt of Unbelief ; The Bea- tific Vision ; both in JVat. Preacher, 1834.— Farewell Ser. at Springfield. 1835.— Introductory Address before the Young Men's Assoc, of Albany. 1837.— Disc, at Fun. of Hon. Ab. Van Vechteu. 1837.- Zion, the City of Solemnities. At the Dedication of 3d R.D.C. Albany, 1838.— Disc, at Fun. of Hon. Stephen Van Rensselaer. 1839.— Disc, at Fun. of Mrs. Stephen Van Rensselaer. 1844.— The Defense of the Gospel : a Disc, at the Inaug. of Dr. S. A. Van Vranken, as Prof, of Theology, at New-Brunswick. 1841.— Re- ligious Instruction of the Young. 1843. In Nai. PreocAer.- Annual Ser. be- fore City Miss. Soc. 1857.— A Disc. Commem. of Dr. John Knox. 1858.— A Disc. Comm. of Dr. Wm. C. Brownlee. I860.— The Ancient VPorthies, our Example. 1858. In N. T. Pulpit in Semval.— The Sabbath ; the Holy Day of Freedom, the Holiday of Despotism.- Address at the Funeral of Rev. Dr. Thos. DeWitt. 1874. In Be Witt Memorial— A Tribute to the Memory of Rev. Dr. John Gosman. 1865.— A Disc. Commem. of Rev. Robt. E. Ver- milye, D.D., Prof, of Theology in the Theolog. Inst, of Connecticut. With an Appendix. 1876.- Discourse at the Quarter MUIennial Anniversary of theR.D.C. of N.Y.C. 1878. 530 THE MINISTRy. Viele, Jas. Pattison, b. in N.Y. ; U.C. 1861, P.S. 1864, ord. an Evangelist by Presbyt. Albany ; [S.S. Caldwell, N.Y.,] Schagliticoke, 1871-3. Vile, Jos. M. E.C. 1863, N.B.S. ; d. Deo. 30, 1865. He was a student in the Senior Class when be died. The Professors said: " The Seminary and the Church have met with a severe loss ; for Mr. Vile was an earnest Christian, a conscientious and diligent student, and his faith- fulness in the preparatory work gave promise of great usefulness in the pastoral office." Vitelius, , («er. Eef.,) 17. .—Harbdugh's Lives, ii. 404. Visscher, John. H.S. 1877. Vissoher, Wm. H.C. 1868, H.S. 1871. [Vock, Ludwig Ferdinand, c. to America, 1749 ; Lancaster, Jan.-Dec. 1750.] Vonck, see Funck and French. VooRHEES, Henry Martin, b. in Hunterdon Co., N.J., 1840; K.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1863,1. CI. Raritan, 1863; Port Jackson, 1863-5, Bethlehem, 1st, 1865-71, North and South Hampton, 1871-7, Port Jervis, 1877-9, w. c. VOORHEES, Henry V. B.C. 1847, N.B.S. 1850, 1. CI. N.B. 1850; Geneva, 1851-4, Broome St., N.Y.C., 1855-6, Bound Brook, Jan. 1858-63, Washing- ton Heights, 1863-5, South-Bushwick, 1867-9, Nyack, 1871-8, w. c. Voorhees, Louis B. C.N.J. 1868, student in N.B.S. Voorhees, Stephen, see Van Voorhees. Voorhees, Wm. Brownlee, b. at Keadington, N.J., 1835; R.C. 1860, N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Philadelphia; Clover Hill, "1863-71, Blawenburg, 1871— VooRHis, Jacob N. N.B.S. 1845, 1. by CI. Bergen, 1845; S.S. Day, 1848-9, Sbokaa, 1849-51, Greenport, 1851-6, S.S. Greenport, 1856-7, Clove, 1857- 66, EsopuB, 1867— Vredenburgh, John S. Q.C. 1794, studied under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1798 ; Raritan, 1800-31, d. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1800. He entered upon bis duties when the church bad been divided and was in a low and languishing state. Under his ministry it grew and flourished until it became one of the most numerous and well-ordered religious com- munities in New-Jersey. The latter years of his life were rendered in some measure inefficient by enfeebled health, and he died suddenly while yet in the midst of his usefulness. He had been visiting families in a remote part of the congregation all day. Returning in the evening to his home, he sank down from his chair, and was no more. The Impression of bis life and sudden death was immense on the public mind. His funeral was attended by crowds of weeping friends ; and soon a most extensive religious awaken- THE MINISTET. 637 ing revealed itself, Tvliicli continued for nearly two years, and tlie result of ■whicli was an addition of three hundred and sixty-eiglit persons to tlie com- munion of tlie clmrch ! This number embraced tlie old and young, ricli and poor, masters and their servants ; and was so free from enthusiasm and the other evils of excitement, that only a very few of the whole number failed to maintain a consistent life or required the exercise of discipline. The previous years of Mr. Vredenburgh'a ministry were not remarkable for any special ingatherings. The church had a healthy and constant growth, and no more ; but he had been laithful, laborious, and earnest in all his efforts to bring the ungodly to repentance, and urge the Christian forwarjl to increasing spiritual-mindedness ; but he had had only an ordi- nary blessing on his work. Like the other men of his time, he seldom wrote his sermons, and in some instances is known not to have decided what text of Scripture to employ as the subject of his discourse until after he had arrived at the church. Then often he gave his most effective exhortations, and seemed as if he was literally carried away by his ardor. The name which he left behind him was endeared to every one ; and he seems to have had almost no opponents. He was useful, respected, and highly esteemed among his associates in the Christian ministry. He is yet sometimes referred to as " the amiable ;" and seems to have been a man free from guile and entirely pure in his whole life. He was a trustee of Queens, now Eutgers College ; but did not live to see it emerge out of the clouds, which rested upon it until after he had been removed by death. Among the good men who have served the churches in Somerset County, the name of John S. Vredenburgh will always find a record which will be savory, affectionate, and kind. He was an evangelical and useful preacher, and his labors in the end were greatly blessed. He at least sowed the seed of a most abundant harvest. — Mev. Dr. Ab. Messier. Mag. HjD.G. iv. 71. Vroom, Wm. Henry, b. in Somerset Co., N.J., 1840 ; B.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1865, 1. CI. Raritan, 1865 ; Hoboken, 1865-7, Davenport, 1867-9, (La Cynge, Kan., Presbyt., 1869-74 ;) Clove, 1874— Puilication : A Discourse Commem. of Rev. Cyrus G. Vandeveer. 1868. Vrooman, Bareut, b. in Schenectady, Dec. 34, 1735 ; studied with Cor. Van Santvoord and T. Frelinghuysen ; University of Utrecht, 1750-3 ; lie. CI. Utrecht, June 7, 1753 ; ord. CI. Amsterdam, July 3, 1753 ; New-Paltz, Shawangunk and Montgomery, (Wallkill,) 1753-4, Schenectady, 1754r-84, d. Nov. 15. He was one of the original trustees of Q.C. He was the son of Walter Vrooman, and great-grandson of Hendrik, the immigrant. This Hendrik, and two sons, Adam and Bartholomew, with the wife and infant sou of Adam, were slain and burned at Schenectady Feb. 9, 1690, in the Indian massacre. He went to Holland to complete his' education. The Classis of Amsterdam had great doubt whether the signers of his call to Kingston had legal right to call him. Nevertheless he was ordained with the earnest wish repeatedly expressed in different letters that he might be cordially received, and that his ministry might be conducive to 538 THE MINISTRY. the building up of tlio kingdom of Christ. His ministry, however, in Ulster County was short. In returlng from Europe in company with Schuneman and tlae two Frelinghuysens, Ferdinand and Jacobus, that sad event oc- curred which so greatly influenced the desire for ecclesiastical independence, viz., the death of the Frelinghuysens of small-pox at sea. Vrooman also was attacked, but recovered. This circumstance naturaUy made him a firm friend of the Coetus, and he signed the commission of Frelinghuysen to go to Europe to collect funds for an American institution of learning. During his long and laborious pastorate at Schenectady he received more than 400 members in the church, married 358 couples, and performed 3451 baptisms. # He was tall and well proportioned, with a kind, benevolent expression, and agreeable manners. He was proverbially charitable, often visiting the poor with a basket of supplies on his arm. In 1765, he built the first three- story brick house in Schenectady. He was eloquent as a preacher and beloved as a pastor. His earnest piety ■was a subject of remark long after his decease. — Bev. Dr. Ohs. Scott. Amst. Cor. Wabbkb, Cornelius, b. in Zeeland, Mich., 1854 ; H.C. 1874, H.S. 1877, lie. CI. Holland ; Marion, Nov. 14, 1877— [Wack, Casper, b. 1752; Tohicken, Indian Field, and Great Swamp, Pa., 1771-3, the same and Nacomixen, 1773-82, German Valley, Fox Hill, and Kockaway, N.J., 1783-1809 ; also supplied, at this time, Stillwater, Hard- wick, and Kuowlton, N.J., Germantown and Whitemarsh, Pa., 1809-31, Whitemarsh, 1831-3, d. 1839. Of these then Ger. Eef. Chs. Fox Hill is now Presbyterian, and Eockaway is the Eef. D. Ch. of Lebanon.] Some accounts continue him at Lebanon until 1813. His father, John George Wack, came to Philadelphia in 1748, from Wit- tenberg, his native place. Besides Casper, another son, John Jacob, entered the ministry, having labored in the Eeformed (Dutch) Church at Fort Plain. Casper studied under Dr. Weyberg, beginning in his eleventh year. His talents were remarkable. He received calls at the early age of eighteen, (1770,) but his licensure and ordination were deferred tUl the Classis in Hol- land could be consulted. Very favorable reports were sent over concerning him. He was invited to visit Europe, without expense, but declined. He was very extensively useful in New-Jersey, (Somerset, Morris, and Hunter- don Counties,) having a very large field among the Germans who had settled there as early as 1707. These people had fled from Ehenish Prussia to Hol- land in 1705, and in 1707 embarked for New-York. Adverse winds took them to Philadelphia, and in crossing New-Jersey they were attracted by the beautiful valleys, and settled there. Hence Germantown, German Val- ley, etc. Most of their descendants have since passed into Presbyterian and Eeformed (Dutch) churches, since German ministers could not be supplied them from Pennsylvania. (^See Minutes of CI. New-Brunamck, 1813.) He was a man of great physical elasticity and agility. He had no taste for speculative theology, but was eminently practical. His perceptions were THE MINISTRY. 539 quick, liis wit keen, and his conversation exceedingly spriglitly ; lie was resolute, energetic, and persevering. With advancing age he would not cease preaching, until infirmities compelled him. He was a man of prayer, and had, in all his declining years, full assurance of faith. He reached the age of 87. He was a warm patriot in the Kevcrtution. (His son, Geo. Wack, spent his whole ministry in G.U.C.)—SarbaugJi'8 Lives, ii. 406. Wack, Chs. P., (grandson of Casper Wack ;) N.B.S. 1829 ; Caroline, 1831, ; Bellona, 1831-5, Lebanon, 1835-40, Trenton, 1st, 1841-4, (G.R.C.) 1845- 53, d. 1866. Publications: Sketches of prominent ministers in E.D.C. MSS.— See Bprague's Annals, R.D.C., p. iv. Wack, John J., (brother of Casper Wack,) b. in Philadelphia, June 14, 1774; studied with his brother; (Amwell, N.J., 1798-1803, also supplied Knowl- ton, [StiU water,] and Hardwick,) 1798-1805, Fort Plain, (Canajoharie,) and Stone Arabia, 1803-14, suspended, 1816 ; (independent, Canajoharie, and Stone Arabia, 1816-37 ; preached in the independent church of Tilla- borough for several years ; d. at Ephratah, N.T., May 36, 1851.) He studied theology with his brother Casper, while the latter was settled in German Valley, U.J. His churches on the Mohawk were originally Ger- man, but were finally brought into the Dutch communion. During his chaplaincy in the army of the North, his churches fell into disorder, and ultimately he stood as an independent minister, over two churches, on the Mohawk. He was a man of commanding" personal appearance, rather above the or- dinary stature, and proportionately heavy and fall in his corporeal develop- ment. His eye and countenance were expressive of a certain undauntedness of character, mingled with much vivacity and humor ; and when he opened his mouth to speak, you were not disappointed in these indications. He was a ready and fiuent speaker in both German and English. He was prompt and decided in action, once during the war (of 1813) taking the sword of the commanding officer, and compelling the men to obedience, when the officer had failed. He was remarkably popular and influential, yet somewhat rarely unfortu- nate. He became intemperate, and though suspended, continued to exer- cise the ministry until his death. His churches refused to have their pul- pits declared vacant, received Mr. Wack in their houses, and bade him God- speed. He resembled more a bishop in his diocese than an ordinary country pastor. He was the last of the ministers of the old Sand Hill church of Canajoharie, the church parsonage and glebe having been sold to pay claims for salary. — Harhaugh's Lives, ii. 406. WadswoTth, Chs. P., b. in Connecticut ; TT.C. 1837, P.S. 1840 ; [Troy, 2d, 1840-.., Philadelphia, Arch St., 18..-. ., San Francisco, Cal., 18.. -69;] Philadelphia, 3d, 1869-74 ; [Presbyterian.] D.D. See the Case of 3d Eef. Ch. of Philadelphia ; the Master's Report and Exceptions. 8vo, pp. 43. 1873. (In the Court of Common Pleas. In Equity.) 640 THE MINISTET. PuNications : Christian Influence : Grace and Works United. 1858.— A Motlier's Sorrow : Disc, to Young Men. 1865.— America's Mission : a Thanltsgiving Disc. — Thankfulness and Character : Two Discs. — Politics in Religion. — Thanksgiving Sermon. 1861.— Ser. on Deatli of Chs. Lyman, Esq. 1848. [Wagner, Daniel, b. in Ducliy of Nassau, 1750 ; studied the classics, under Gross, in N.Y.C., and theology under Heudel, in Lancaster, Pa. ; 1. by Ger. Coetus, 1771 ; Kreutz Creek, Pa., 1771-4, York, etc., 1774-86, Tulpeliocken, Heidelberg, Bern, Berg, and Summerberg, 1786-93, York, 1793-1803, Frederick, Md., 1803-10, d.] He was brougbt to this country by liis parents when only two years of age. They settled first in Chester and afterward in Berks Co., Pa. He was brought up on a farm. Botb tradition and records unite in presenting his life in beautiful symmetry. To large scientific and theological attainments lie united a childlike spirit, and tbe most earnest, practical piety. His ex- tensive field in Maryland broke down bis constitution. He was an experi- enced and earnest minister, and a holy man. He was greatly beloved by each of his charges. His nobility was of the heart. He was honest from principle, not policy. He was possessed of a deep love to his fellowmen. He did not spend time on idle disputations. The kingdom, to him, was not in word, but in power. He had.high conceptions of God, and a low view of himself. His sermons were full of wisdom and power. His representations of the lovely and attractive ia Christ were beautiful and touching. — Har- h's Lives. Wagnbe, John Martin, b. at Flonheim, Palatinate, July 8, 1836 ; E.C. 1853, N.B.S. 1856, 1. CI. N.Y. 1856 ; Silver Creek, 111., 1856-61, S.S. West- Leyden, 1863-8, Melrose, 1863-6, Ger. Evang. Brooklyn, E.D., 1866— Walden, Islay. N.B.S. 1879. Waldkon, Chs. Newman, b. at Albany, N.Y.; U.C. 1846, P.S. 1849 ; lie. Presbyt. N.B. Feb. 7, 1849 ; ord. CI. "watervliet, Oct. 3, 1849 ; Cohoes, 1849-79. [Hillsdale, Mich., Presbyt., 1879—] D.D. Publications : Address at Quarter-Century Anniver. of Settlement of Dr. I. N. WyckofE. 1863. Wales, E. "Vine, from Otsego Presbytery, 1859 ; Spuker's Basin, 1859-61. [Waldschmidt, John, b. 1734, in Nassau, Ger. ; came with Schlatter to America, 1753 ; Cocalico, (Swamp,) Weiseiohenland, Mode Creek, and Zeltenreich, 1753-86, supplied also Tulpehocken, 1756-8, and Heidelberg, 176.-70, d. 1786.] Wall, John J., (possibly the same as Wack,) 1. 1803 ; Stone Arabia, 1803. rWallauer, George, came from Europe, 1771 ; Baltimore, 1773-(5?) said to have joined the British army, — Marhaugh's Lives, ii. 399.] THE MIHISTET. 541 Walsek, Oliver Hakms. E.C. 1875, N.B.S. 1878, lie. a. N.T.; gone to Edinburgh University. Wabd, Henkt. U.C. 1864, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. Schenectady, New-Hackensack, 1867— Ward, John \V. From Presbyt. Tioga ; Xew-Prospect, 1832-7, S.S. "Wawar- Blng, 1839-41, Upper Eed Hook, 1S41-5, Greenpolnt, 1849-54, died 1859. Waring, Hart E. B.C. 1833, N.B.S. 1836, l.Cl. Ulster, 1836 ; supplied Berne, 2d, 1836? Miss, to Grand Rapids, 1840-3, (Presbyt.) Wakner, Alex. H. K.B.S. 1833, 1. CI. N.B. 1832; Clarkstown, 1832-7, Hackensack, 1837-65. Chaplain of State Prison, Trenton, N.J., 1868-77, w. c. Warner, Ales. M. N.B.S. 1830. Warner, Isaac W. N.B.S. 1860, 1. S'. CI. N.T. 1860. Warkshtuis, Henry W., lie. CI. Cayuga, 1877 ; Naumberg and New-Bre- men, 1877— Warnshuis, John Wm., b. in Neths. Novj 23, 1840 ; E.G. 1865, N.B.S. 1868, lie. and ord. CI. Geneva ; Cleveland, 1868-71, Marion, N.Y., 1871-0, Clymer, (Abbe Ch.,) 1876-8, East-Orange, Iowa, 1878— Wateemublder, L. Ebenezer Ch., Oregon, 111., 1874 — Watkins, John E.,b. at Hamptonburgh, Orange Co., N.Y., 1828 ; E.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, 1. CI. Bergen. 1860 ; sailed for China. This beloved young missionary was not perniitted to step his foot on hea- then soil. He sailed in the ship Edwin Forrest, (which is said to have been unseaworthy,) in August, 1860, and no tidings have ever been received of her fate. He was brought into the church under the ministry of Dr. Scott, of Newark. He began to study comparatively late in life. He was of studi- ous habits and looked forward with joy to his TTOik. He "was distinguished by a wonderful simplicity of character and disposition. He was really child- like in his affections, in the gush of his feelings, and the freshness of his interest in all surrounding objects. He possessed a glorious flow of spirits, like a well of water springing up in sparkling and abundant life. He had the heartiest, happiest laugh that one could wish to hear, a laugh without the slightest tinge of sarcasm or selfishness — just the echo of a cheerful and unclouded spirit. He was singularly artless — an Israelite in whom was no guile, nor was he less amiable than guileless. He always put a generous construction on the conduct of others. He was also enthusiastic. He was not only absorbed in his present duties, but ever in a glow about them. Whatever he did, he did with all his might. And in his friendships and' affections he was far more fervent and demonstrative than is usual with the sterner sex. " His love was wonderful, passing the love of women." And 542 THE MINISTKT. all this warintli of lieart was given to liis Saviour. He was just as simple- liearted, clieerful, loving, and entliusiastic in liis religion as in all things else. Religion was witli liim no somber, sour distortion of liis nature, nor a mere organ accompaniment and ^olian attacliment for tte expression of liis graver moods. It was tlie key-note and underlying melody of his life, pervading all its play and sparlile, all its life and love ; ringing in his laugh, as well as shining in his tears, warming his daily speech with kind- liness, as well as lifting his secret thoughts in prayer. And he gave the best proof of a heart full of the love of God and man. He presented his body a living sacrifice to his Saviour. Whenhe began his studies, he had already consecrated himself to the missionary work. Sad Africa he chose for his field — Africa, which America had so greatly wronged. The helplessness and debasement of her inhabitants excited the more interest in his benevo- lent heart. But the providence of God, and the Mission Board of our Church, directed him elsewhere. He sailed for China, but his fate remains unchronicled. The deep sea, no doubt, closed over hia genial and guileless heart. Watson, Aiexakder, 1. 01. Westchester, 1857 ; Bible Agent. Watson, John, b. near Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland, 1810 ; c. to America, 1831 ; E.C. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, lie. CI. N.Y. 1841 ; Athens, 1841-4, Flatbush, (Ulster Co.,) 1844-7, [Presbyt. Amsterdam and Harlem, Ohio, 1847-50, Harlem and Bloomfield, O., 1850-64,] d. April 33. His parents were eminently pious, and trained up their children in the nurture and admonition of the Lord. Mr. W. joined the Presbyterian church of Ardstraw, when seventeen years of age, and the influence of his youthful piety was felt not only at home, but in his church and neighborhood. He began his preparation for the ministry under Rev. Matthew Clark, in 1828, and continued his studies upon his arrival in America, as above indicated. As a gentleman, Mr. Watson was courteous to all ; as a friend, he was true ; as a counsellor, judicious ; as a presbyter, faithful ; as a pastor, successfiil. He married Miss Eliza Buchanan, of New- York City, in 1842, and left five sons. Watson, Thos. G. Hob. C. 1857, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI. Geneva, 1861; Cato, 1861-2, Cato and Wolcot, 1862-5, Cato, 1865-9, Brighton Hights, 1869-71, [Presbyterian.'] Weber, Jacob. Mina Corners, 1871-4, West-Leyden, 1874^— [Weber, John W., b. in Germany, 1785 ; c. to America as a school-teacher, 1764, studied theology under Weyberg, 1. Ger. Coetus,-1771 ; Monroe Co., Pa., 1771-82, Fort Pitt, (Pittsburgh,) Hautolon, Hempfield, and Mt.Pleasant, Pa., 1783-1816, d.] He was obliged to leave his first charges in Monroe Co. because his people did not sympathize with him in the cause of liberty. In the Revolutionary struggle ; but his departure, though attended by many subsequent hard- Ships, was the means of greatly extending the Reformed Church in West- THE MISriSTEY. 543 em Pennsylvania. Great were the liardsliips wliicli lie endured, in settling in tliat remote field, in tliat early day. The Indians frequently depredated on the settlements, and but seldom was his salary fully paid. Yet he re- mained true to his post, believing that God would provide. He planted new churches in Armstrong, Venango, Butler, and Crawford Counties. His faith fulness in preaching subjected him to much slanderous abuse. He called things by their right names. He was a portly, well-formed man, blessed with a vigorous constitution, and able to undergo a great deal of labor. He was of an ardent temperament, free-spoken, clear, and distinct in his enunciation. He had many bitter enemies, who exaggerated his weaknesses, and labored to destroy his influence. But he had also many warm friends, who adhered to him through all his trials. Weekstein, Johannes, Kingston, Sept. 11, 1681-7, d. March 17. He was a candidate, living at Harlem, when a blank call from Kingston, dated Nov. 23, 1680, was received by the Classis of Amsterdam, which he accepted. Cor. H. Van Gaasbeek, of Kingston, has a portrait of him. Weidman, Paul, b. 1788; TJ.C. 1818, N.B.S. 1820, 1. CI.KB. 1820 ; Schoh«rie, 1830-36, Manheim, 1837-41, again, 1841-50, died 1853. He was a man of great excellence of character. He did not take high rank, indeed, as a man of talents or acquirements, or as a preacher ; but he was a useful man and highly respected and esteemed. Those that knew him best loved him most. His strength lay in the moral part. His sincer- ity, amiability, and piety were unquestionable and unquestioned, and of a very high order ; and all this gave unusual weight to his preaching and example, upon the community, civil and religious, where he exercised his ministry for several years, and which can hardly be appreciated fully. All this is not a fancy picture, but a known and well-attested reality. The ■writer of this sketch was intimately acquainted with Mr. Weidman, both in the College and Theological Seminary, and had an opportunity to know the qualities of the man, and cordially pays this short and imperfect tribute to his worth. He regrets that their youthful intimacy was not cDutinued through life, but they were located at a very considerable distance from one another. — Eev. Dr. Q. Ludlow. Pvilieation : Charge to Rev. E. P. Stimpson. Mag. B.D. 0. iv. 173. [Weikel, John H. Montgomery Co., Pa., 1776-81. — Harbaugh's Lives, ii. 400. Weiland, K. B. Pella, 3d, 1860-6. Weiss, Edward M. N.B.S. 1859, 1. CI. Bergen, 1859 ; (Paterson, Presbyt., 1859-66.) Weiss, George Michael, lie. and ordained at Heidelberg, 1735 ; Philadelphia, Skippach, and neighboring churches, 1736-9, visited Holland, 1739-30 ; Catskil], (now Leeds,) and Coxsackie, and Dutchess, and Schoharie Cos. generally, 1731-5, again in 1744, Rhinebeck, 1743-6, (Old Gosenhoppen, and Great Swamp, Pa.,) 1746-63, d. 544 THE MINISTRY. Weiss, or Weitzius, was a native of tlie Palatinate, on tlie Ebine. In 1727, he, and about 400 emigrants -witli liim, settled in Pennsylvania. He accompanied them by request of his Classis, that they might not be with- out religious instruction. They ivere assisted on their way by the Classis of Amsterdam. In 1731, there was no less than 15,000 of these German emi- grants in America, having come here to find a peaceful retreat, and to escape oppression. Mr. Weiss settled in Skippach, (about 24 miles west of Phila- delphia,) and organized a church. But he alone could do but little among these scattered multitudes of his countrymen. In 1728, he asked for help from his own Classis of the Palatinate. They were themselves, however, under persecution, (the churches under the cross,) and could do nothing, but referred the case to the Synod of Holland. This was the first step iu that supervision so long exercised by the Classis of Amsterdam over the German churches in America. In 1729, he went to Holland with J. Eeif, elder, to solicit aid. Large contributions were made, but mostly stolen by Eeif. In 1767, £135 were recovered — a small portion only of the whole amount given. In 1731, or before, Weiss returned to America, but now settled among the Germans in New- York, laboring chiefly in Schoharie and Dutchess Counties. But in twelve or fourteen years he was compelled to flee, on account of Indian depredations, to Pennsylvania. Here difficulties with an irregularly licensed preacher embittered his life. In Sept. 1746, Schlatter arrived, a messenger and deputy from Holland. He labored diligently to establish peace and order, and Weiss was present at the first German ecclesiastical assembly, in Philadelphia, (Oct. 13, 1746.) Ultimately the strife was allayed. He continued to preach to three congregations west of Philadelphia about fourteen years. For a couple of years prior to death, infirmities increased upon him. His age at death was probably not more than 65. In 1730, he was spoken of as a bright young man, a fine scholar, speaking Latin like his vernacular tongue. His ministrations were considerably blessed. He began his church record at Catskill, Feb. 25, 1732. His last entry is July 6, 1735. The Catskill records contain: (1.) His ordination certificate from the Coun- cil at Heidelberg, in Latin, dated May 1, 1727. (2.) The same in German, dated April 27, 1728. (3.) A testimonial concerning him from the G.E.C., Philadelphia, Sept. 23, 1731. (4.) A testimonial from the High and Low Dutch Church of Hunterville, at Schoharie, concerning his orthodoxy and fidelity. (5.) Feb. 8, 1732, a call in German and Dutch, to the churches of Catskill and Coxsackie. — Amst. Cor. Harhaugh's Lives, i. 263. Van Horn's Hist. Q.B. 0. PMladelplda. PuUications : Berigt en Onderrigtinge nopens en aan de colouie en Kerke van Pennsylvanien, opge stelt door de gedeputeerden van de Synodus van Zuyd-Hollaud. 4to, pp. 20. Amsterdam, 1730. (Account and instruction relating to the colony and church of Pennsylvania, made up by the deputies of the Synod of South-Holland.) This gives a hist, view of Pa., and of the establishment of the Eel Ch. there ; pleads for assistance to the congrega- tions, (especially that of Skippach, six nules from Philadelphia, which was founded by Weiss in. 1726.) Also liturgy and regulations of the Eef. Ch. in Pa.— A pamphlet concerning his arrangements with the Classis of Am, THE MINISTEr, 545 sterdamto care for tlie Germans in Pa. 1731. (A. copy of this was sent by- Prof. Buddingli to Dr. Thos. DeWitt, in 1850. See Manual, 1869, p. 5, note.) — An account of tlie Indians, sent over to tlie CJassis of AmBterdam, 1743. See Letter 517, Amst. Oor. Weisgotten, Z. 1855. Welcli, Ransom B. U.C. 1846 ; Gilboa, 1855-6, Catskill, 1856-9, w. c. Prof. Logic, Rhetoric, and Eng. Lit in Union Col. 1860-76 ; [Prof, of Theology in Auburn Tlieolog. Seminary, 1876-. .] D.D. by R.C. 1868. Pvi>lieations : Letters from Abroad. In iV. T. M)angelist, iV. T. Oiseroer, Ch. Intelligencer, and Independent, 1859-60. — ^Memories of Rome. In Ladieg Repository, Cincinnati. 1864. — A Morning Walli from Jerusalem to Mt. Olivet. In Ladies' Bepository. 1865. — Tlie Lake District in Central N.T. In Ladies Bepository, 1865, and in N. T. Observer. 1865.— The Greek Chuich. Four arts, in Meth. Quarterly Beview, July and Oct. 1865, Oct. 1866, Jan. 1867. — The Mineral Region of Lake Superior. In Sours at Some, Oct. 1865. — Arts, in Union College Magazine, 1867-77. — Periods of Transition in Eng. History. In Am. Ch. Bev. April, 1874. — The Modem Theory of Forces, 8vo, pp. 39-66 of the Proceedings of the University Convocation, Albany, 1874. — The Hereditary Interests of R.D.C. in all Forms of Educa- tion. In Centennial Discs. 1876. — Faith and Modern Thought. 13mo, pp. 303. 1876. — Lectures on Eng. Lit. M3S. — ^Lectures on Christian Theology. MSS. Welius, Everardus. New-Amstel, 1657-9, dL.—Amst. Cor. Col. Sist. ii. 79, 106, 114, 116, 180, 181. " A man of piety and learning, whose death was very much deplored." — Spotsioood's Sist. Ser. Wells, Cor. L., b. at New-Brunswick, N. J., 1833, (s. of Ransford Wells ;) R.C. 1853, N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. Schoharie, 1855; Niskayuna and Lisha's Kill, 1855-8, Jersey City, 3d, 1858-63, Flatbush, 1863— D.D. by R.C. 1878. Publications : Sacrifice of Continual Praise : a Thanksgiving Ser. 1864. — Ser. on Death of Louisa D. Garvin. 1865. Wells, Ransfokd, b. at Catskill, Sept. 6, 1805 ; B.C. 1837, N.B.S. 1830, 1. CI. 1830; Ganajoharie, 1830-3, Newark, 1833-43, Sec. Bd. Missions, 1843-4, Schoharie, 1844-57, Fultonville, 1857-68, Stuyvesaut Falls, 1868-71, Brookfield, Ct., 1871-5, teaching at Marlboro, 1875-6, Cato, 1876— D.D. by R.C. 1851. Wells, Theodore Wtckopf., (s. of Ransford Wells,) b. at Newark, N.J., 1839 ; R.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1865 ; 1. 01. Montgomery, 1865, Bergen Neck^ 1865-73, Freehold, (Marlboro,) 1873— Bvblications : "The Victories of the Union, the Victories of the Lordt" In Pultonville Bepublican, 1863.—" Victory Tamed to Mourning : " a Sermon. on the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. 1865,— Editorial Articles In 35 546 THE MINISTKT. Bayonne Herald, 1868.— A Series of Articles in the Chruticm IntelMgmcer, on The Christian Life. 1867-8.— Bible Lessons on the Heidelberg Cate- chism. In T/ie Sower and Goapel Field. 1873.-^" The Lesson of the Day." A Thanksgiving Sermon. In Monmouth Democrat. 1874. — Occasional articles in the Ch. Int. and Sower, 1865-76.— Brick Ch. Memorial. 1699- 1877. (Hist, of Ist Ch. of Freehold, [Marlboro'.] 8vo, pp. 96.) 1877. Wenisch, John, ]. S. CI. N.Y. 1860 ; Newtown, 8d, and Astoiia, (Ger.,) 1865-6, Newark, West, (Ger,,) 1867-74, Newtown, 2d, 1874— "Werring, (or Wemich,) John Aeimlius. Stpne Arabia, 1753. Amit. Cor. West, Jacob. E.G. 1843, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI, Albany, 1845 ; Middleburgh, 1845-53, Piermont, Ist, 1853-6, Bast-BrooklyB, 1856-68, Cor. Sec. Bd, Dom. Mi3s. 1868^, P.D. J?y B.C. 1«70. Publication: The Nation's Eefuge: a Ser. on Death of Pres. Taylor, 1853. Westbrook, Cor. D., b. at Rochester, N.Y., 1783 ; U.C. 1801, studied undjer Dirck Romeyji, 1. CI, Albany, 1804 ; t^tor in U.C. 1803-5 ; Fishkill, 1806- 80, Ed. Christian Intelligencer, 1830-3, Rector of Gr. Schools at N.B., 1833-6, Cortlandtown, 1836-50, 4, 1858. Elected a trustee of R.C. 1839. D.D. by R.C. 1829. He was descended on his paternal side from the Puritans, and on the ma- ternal from tlie Huguenots. His father served his country in the Revolu- tion. His- mother died, leaving him a frail infant, the object of constant solicitude. The distinguishing feature of his mind was its originality. There was a fresliness, a sort of childlike wonder in his mind, in viewing a subject. He viewed it as if he had never been told how it appeared to others. Nor did he much regard the impression it had made on others, in forming his own opinions of it. He cared little for the authority of great names. He was a bold thinker, a,nd his views on many mooted questions, and on prophecy, of which he was an enthusiastic student, were often striking and highly original. He also possessed a remarkable quickness of mental capacity — both quickness of apprehension and conclusion. His judgment was instan- taneous, and he would leap into the middle of a subject, to approve or condemn, almost before the statement of it was concluded. His. mind was capableof great concentration and intense action. He was capable of con- ducting a connected and logical argument, but he was not fond of it. He would not submit to the restraint of rigid and fixed rules in any thing. His arguinents, though striking and convincing, were seldom strictly de- ductive. They did not gradually accumulate, strepgth, but fell in successive , and rapid blows. In character, he was notably disinterested— one of the most unselfish of men. He would sacrifice his time, comfort, and means, for the sake of < serving a friend. There was no calculation in his friendships, but they THE MISriSTBY. 547 ■were led by tlie native sympatUies of liis generous soul, and were really prized by him as a means of advancing the Interests and happiness of others. He was unambitious — was a peacemaker, always looked on the bright side of things, was entirely simple-hearted, devoid of intrigue, and his be- nevolence was only limited by his means. Patriotism was with him a pas- sion. His learnings was varied and extensive, but not exhaustive on any special topic. He had a remarkable fondness for the natural sciences, some- times even delivering scientific lectures. His illustrations of the character and government of God were drawn from the facts and laws of nature. His theological knowledge was rather the result of intense thought upon par- ticular points, from a hasty, vigorous, and enthusiastic investigation, than of connected study. This appeared sometimes to give an appearance of ec- centricity, and variance from established views, in his opinions. His habit of study was topical, following his own taste on the pressure of present exigencies. His whole nature was impulsive, not methodical or confined by the necessities of system, which he could never brook. In the pulpit he was dignified and impressive, though perfectly natural, and wholly devoid of all tricks of oratory and false solemnity. He usually preached without a manuscript. His themes were not abstract or doctrinal, in the common acceptance of those words, but ran in a line of noble thoughts connected with man's true destiny, and the means ordained for its realiza- tion. He loved to expatiate on the power, wisdom, and goodness of God, in his works and grace. These themes absorbed his being. His effort was to convey his own thoughts into the minds of his auditors. To this result every power of his being was made to contribute. His voice, deliberate and distinct, was charged in its every variance and intonation with his thoughts ; his gesture was unstudied, but was natural and appropriate to the sentiment ; and his eye labored to look the intelligence of his own views, the animation of his own feelings, the ardor of his-own soul, into the minds and hearts of his congregation. Animated in action, and with much variety of utterance, he forgot himself, and poured out his theme — illustrated through its whole length with shining thoughts, and gems from the depths of his own mind, replete with pithy expressions and beautiful sentiments — full upon' the minds and hearts of his interested hearers. The analysis was not very strict, and the discourse not greatly characterized by unity or com- plete symmetry of proportion, but rather by a succession of striking and suggestive thoughts, the elevation of its sentiment, and the largeness of its views. He was singularly happy in prayer. His mode of expression was his own, and he failed not to appreciate the circumstances and catch the spirit of special occasions. There was no stereotyped phraseology, but his thoughts were fresh, admirably expressing the thanks and petitions of the moment, while also reverential and devout. When the veterans of 1813 visited the grave of Washington, in 1855, and, with the officers of the gov- ernment, stood around that sacred spot, Dr, Westbrook, who was their chaplain, was asked to pray. He did bo, and with such appropriateness, 548 THE MINISTEY. power, and feeling as to leave no eye immoistened in that venerable and dignified assembly. He liad a strong passion for social life and its enjoyments. His patU was simple, direct, and cliild-like. He was liumble and modest, and guileless as a cliild. He was always a boy. Tlie freshness, the honest impulsiveness, the unsophisticated liea/rt of boyhood, were his to the last. The dew of youth rested on his maturest years and labors, and gave beauty and fra- grance to a green old age. A sweet simplicity, destitute of pride, of exclu- sive notions, of selfish scheming, made him lovely to look upon, in a formal, cold, self-serving world. PuhUeations : Art. in Spraffue'a Annals on Eev. H. Schoonmaker. — Editori- als in Oh. Int., 1830-3. Westbbfibld, Wm., Jk., b. N.Y.C, 1844; Coll. C. N.Y., 1864, U.S. 1868, ord. Cong. Oct. 10, 1871; [Morrisania, N.Y., 1871-6;] S.S. Jersey City, 1st, 1877— Westerlo, Eilardus, (s. of Eev. Isaac Westerlo, pastor at Groningen,) b. at GrSningen, Holland ; 1788 ; Groningen University, lie. 1760 ; Albany, 1760-90, d. Dec. 26. Also supplied, quarterly, Schaghticoke. He had just been licensed in Holland, when a call arrived from the church of Albany. He sustained a high character for early attainments and fair promise. He was accordingly selected for this important field, second only to New-Y«k, though only twenty-two years of age. He at once gained the character of an accomplished gentleman, a good scholar, and a sedulous student. His preaching was characterized by careful preparation and able exposition. But while his ability and the soundness of his views were con- fessed, the more pious part of the church felt it desirable that a more direct, practical, and experimental character might be given to it. A little praying band carried him and his ministry to a throne of grace, (1768.) Soon after, his mind became deeply impressed with a sense of the responsibility of his ministerial office, and with a conflict as to his spiritual state. He then sought free and intimate intercourse with this band, and, in the result, the light and power of the gospel penetrated his soul more clearly and precious- ly. His preaching still exhibited the same thorough preparation and intel- lectual vigor, but became more distinguished by spiritual unction, and discriminating application of divine truth to the various classes of hearers. Thus while his preaching attracted and gratified the more cultivated of his hearers, he became more and more the favorite of plain and experienced Christians. The influence of his ministry gradually increased and diffused. The neighboring churches sought his counsel and services, and were crowned with blessings. He was wise in council, and conciliating and peaceful in his spirit and course. In the Coetus and Conferentie strife, his influence was to soothe and heal. He arrived at the hottest period of the strife, and gained the respect and confidence of both parties, though known to be favorable to the Coetus. In the Revolution, he espoused the principles of the Whigs, and boldly avowed them, and consistently adhered to them. In 1777, when Burgoyne with his hostile army was moving toward Albany THE MINISTEY 549 from the North, amid the general terror that prevailed among the friends of liberty, he appeared calm and serene. He prudently conducted his fanuly to a place of safety, but returned to Albany himself, directed the doors of hie church to be opened, where prayers were offered in behalf of his coun- try's cause, while he exhorted the remaining members. This was contmued till Burgoyne with his army became prisoners of war. He was assisted in these services by Dr. Livingston, who was a brother-in-law. In 1782 when General Washington visited Albany, he delivered the address of welcome. He derived much pleasure from an extensive correspondence with several eminent ministers of Ms own and of other denominations. Among these were Livingston, Laidlie, Meyer, Eodgers, Mason, and Stiles. The latter was the president of Tale College, and well known as an antiquary and scholar of various learning. He corresponded with Hm in Latin, and even occasionally in Hebrew. Dr. S. came to Albany to visit him once, but Dr. W. was in New-York, and these great men never met each other. Dr. S. said of him that he wrote Latin in greater purity than any man he had ever known. In few men did greater and more amiable qualities unite. His last sickness affected his mind and rendered him melancholy for a while, but his mind became again serene, and he was cheerful and happy. A little be- fore his death, his house was filled with his people, who came from all parts of the city to see him, and he left them with his blessing, in such a solemn manner that it was thought that he did as much good in his death as in his Vile.— See Dr. Uogerg Historical Discourse. Mag. B.D.O. ii. 15, 347. Sprague's Annals. Publications : Autobiography, containing many references to the circum- stances of the times, 1761-90. MSS.— A Greek Lexicon. MSS.— A Hebrew Lexicon. MSS.— Translation from the Dutch of Alberthoma's Catechisn., 1790. 2d ed. 1805. Westervelt, John P., b. at Paramus, N.J., Nov. 7, 1816 ; R.C. (1837), teach- ing in Lafayette Academy, Hackensack, 1838, teaching in private and in female seminaries in N.T.C. and Brooklyn, 1839-44 ; studied theology under Rev. Albert Amerman, lie. by CI. Union, (T.B.D.C.,) 1845 ; [Johns- town and May field. Independent, 1845-55 ;] [Presbyterian^ S.S. at Ephra- tah, 1858-9, d. 1879, Jan. 15. His health failing, after having joined the Presbytery of Albany, in 1855, he removed to Princeton, N.J., and devoted much of his time to the study of language, and gave attention to Biblical criticism. In 1866 he returned to Paterson, his native town, BtUl devoting himself to study. Not only was he familiar with the ancient tongues, Hebrew, Greek, and Latin, but read and spoke fluently the German, French, and Holland. He was especially skilled in the latter, and held intimate intercourse with the theologians and poets of the Low Country. He could preach as fluently in the Dutch lan- guage as in his own. Bilderdyk was his favorite poet, whom he esteemed as equal to any of our English poets. He would entertain his friends by re- citing whole paragraphs. When a few years ago Dr. Cohen Stuart came from Holland to attend the 550 THE MINISTRY. Evangelical Alliance, he visited Paterson to see Mr. Westervelt.bis fame as a Dutch scholar having gone abroad. Afterward he spoke of him " as a man -whose eminent attainments, and especially in the Dutch language, were only equaled by his modesty ;" and upon Dr. Stuart's request he was made a member of the " Leyden Society of Netherland Literature," June 16, 1876. In doctrine Mr. Weatervelt was a strict Calvinlst, and was so from early training. But he Was one of the moat catholic men among us, and the freest from all bigotry. Mingling with his brethren of other names, he confessed he had greatly modified the views and feelings of early life to- wards Christians of other names. He was the Melancthou of our Pastoral Association, and when we had in hand some difficult passage of Sacred Writ, in the exegesis we were accustomed to regard him as authority. As a man of piety our brother was held in high esteem — as near perfec- tion as any we find — " blameless and harmless, a son of God without re- buke." His thoughts and feelings seemed always circling around the Cross of Christ, and by simple faith resting in the consciousness that he had com- mitted himself to Christ. Anchored on the Bock of Ages, his mind, there- fore, was kept in perfect peace, so that in his last hours, when utterance was difficult and painful, he was still sustained, as he declared, by a good hope of soon beholding his Redeemer's face in righteousness. By the removal of such " earth is Impoverished, but heaven enriched." — Bev. Dr. J. 3. Dur- yea. See Princeton Review Index, 310. Publications : Translation from the Dutch of Van der Palm's Life and Sermons. 1865. — Contributions to the Princeton Bev. as follows : Article on Van der Palm, 1861 ; on Bilderdijk, 1863 ; on Strauss and Schleiermacher, 1866. Also several aiticles in McClintoek's Cye. West^velt, Ralph, (son-in-law of S. Froeligh,) studied under his father-in- law, 1. CI. Paramus, 1801; Eocheater, Wawarsing, 1802-8, and Clove, 1807-8, Bethlehem and Coeymans, 1808-16, Wynantakill, 1816-33, d. while preparing to secede. Westervelt, Sara. D. N.Y.U. 1839, 1. by Seceders, 1889 ; New- York, 1889- 50, became a Presbyf . Westfall, Benj. B., b. at Claverack, 1798 ; TJ.C. 1838,N.B.S. 1836, 1. CI. N.B. 1820 ; Miss, at Sand Beach, 1837-8, Rochester and Clove, 1828-34, Roch- ester, 1834^8, Stone Arabia and Ephratah, 1838-44, d. He was brought up on a farm, and, while still a youth, had such deep convictions of sin, that he would lie down in the furrow to get out of sight- In the nine years of his settlement in Ulster Co., about 300 were brought into the church under his ministry. In Montgomery Co., where were his second charges, during the excessive labors and anxieties of a precious re- vival, he was seized with disease, which resulted in his death. He pos- sessed great firmness, and was unyielding in regard to truth, yet he was far from being dogmatical or exclusive, ao aa to wish to unchurch thoae who did not agree with him. He was a rigid Calvinist in his theology, yet a THE MINISTET. 551 warm advocate of revivals of religion. His own zeal was untiring in seek- ing to save souls, and he mourned over the lukewarmness of both ministers and people. His sermons breathed his own high convictions of truth, and he aimed at the understandings and consciences of his hearers. His soul travailed in birth for his people, that Christ might be formed in them, the hope of glory. Westfall, Simon V. E., b. at Bhinebeck, 1802 ; B.C. 1831, N.B.S. 1834, 1. CI. Rensselaer, 1834, Hyde Park, 1834r-7, Union and Salem, 1837-47, Miss. in niinois, 1847-8, Pekin, 1849-53, Vanderveer, 1858, Pekin, 1853-6, d. After a long, arduous, and discouraging effort to build up an eminent Dutch church in the young city of Pekin, 111., he returned to his native East, to spend his declining dayd. Barely settled in his new home, and engaged to supply the 2d Church of Rotterdam, on a certain Sabbath, he was taken sick on the Saturday evening preceding, and died in the house of the elder with whom he stayed. "Ecstasy! ecstasy 1" was repeatedly uttered hy him, in his sickness, while visions of glory passed before his mind. He was a man of settled purpose, inflexible integrity, of a modest and difiSdent spirit, clear in personal piety, diligent in study and adminis- tration, tender and faithful in pastoral labors, .enjoying the confidence of his brethren and commanding the respect of the world. Westveer, Adrian. B.C. 1865, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI. Holland ; Westerlo, 1868-9, ' ClarksviUe, 1869-71, Clymer Village, 1871-3, Wiltvinrck, 1873-4, Shokao, 1874-6. [Weyberg, Casparus Diederus. Baston, Pa., Ap.-Oct., 1763, Philadelphia, 1763-90, d.] He was a Swiss by birth, and after being educated in Europe, came as a minister to this country, about 1763. He left Easton so soon on account of the large size of the circuit. But in Philadelphia he.Tonnd sad feuds in the congregation. The previous pastorates had been brief. The church was the reproach of the world. But with his arrival peace and prosperity began. He was a warm patriot and defender of the cause of liberty in the Eevolutionary struggle. He became a chaplain in the army. When the British held Philadelphia, he preached to the Hessian troops, and boldly vindicated the American cause. He denounced the wickedness of the op- pressors. Not a few of the Hessian troops deserted the British Qag, through his preaching. He was cast into prison, and his church was used as a hospital. He was remarkable for his calm determination. He took an independent course in his ministry, not caring for the judgment of men. He was an earnest preacher, though with an impediment in his voice. [Weyberg, Philip. In Pennsylvania, 176.-17. .] One of the original trus- tees of Q.C. 1770. [Weymer, Jacob, Heidelberg, Lyntown, Albitny, Greenwich, and Lowhill, Pa., 1770-1, Conogocheague and Hagerstown, Md., 1771-90, d. Also or- ganized and served Chambersburg, 1784-5.] 562 THE MIXISTRY. Whitbeck, Andrew, studied under Livingston ? 1. 18. . WniTBECK, JOHir, b. Nov. 12, 1813, in Coxsackie, N.T.; E.G. 1837, N.B.S. 1840, 1. CI. N.B. 1840 ; Waterford, 1841-8, S.S. Henderson, 1849-50, Arca^ dia, 1850-53, Caroline, 1853-68, w. c. « Whitbeck, R. M. R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. N.B. 1863 ; Mapletown, (and S.S. Buel, Presbyt.,) 1863-4, Tyre, 1865-8. White, Erskine Norman, b. N.Y.C. 1833 ; T.C. 1854, U.S. 1857, ord. by S. CI. N.Y. June 9, 1859; Richmond, S.I., 1859-63; [New-Rochelle, 1862- 8, Buffalo, 1868-74, New-York City, 1874-.] D.D. by U.N.Y. 1874. White, Geo., W.C. 1861, Aub. S. 1864, lie. Presbyt. Cayuga, 1863 ; Schagh- ticoke, 1884-9, d. 1870. Whitehead, Chas., b. 1801 ; D.G. 1833, N.B.S. 1826, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1836 ; (Batavia, Presb., 1837-8,) Hopewell, 1828-35, Somerville, 2d, 1835-9, (Fishkill, Presbt., 1840-2,) Walden, 1843-9, Houston St., N.Y.C, 1849, Poughkeepsie, 3d, 1849-53, Washington Heights, 1853-61, Chaplain in City Hospital, 1861-78, d. Of winsome manners, affable, sympathetic, gentle and refined, his social spirit and pious experience made him preeminently a " son of consolation." His mind was well balanced, cultivated, and healthy. His preaching was strictly evangelical, practical, and adapted to the intelligent congregations which he served. He made no pretensions to oratory, learning, and profun- dity, but he "rightly divided the word of life,'' and acceptably filled some of the choicest pulpits of his denomination. Nearly forty years of experience as a pastor fitted him admirably for that ministry to the sick, the suffering, and the dying which occupied the last twelve years of his life, first as chaplain in the City Hospital, and since it? opening, of the new Roosevelt Hoepital in this city. His presence did good like a medicine, and his tender sympathies, cheerful face, and hopeful spirit cheered many a weary one, comforted many a sad soul, and guided many an inquirer. The blessing of many a dying one rested upon him. Mr. Whitehead was the youngest of three youthful members of the old Independent Tabernacle of Philadelphia (which subsequently became the Seventh Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia), all of whom entered the ministry of the Reformed Church, under the pastoral care of the late Rev. Dr. Jacob Brodhead. The others were Rev. Jos. Wilson and Rev. B. C. Taylor. The latter still survives. Each completed more than half a century of clerical labor. Mr. Whitehead had just begun the address in the communion service, in the Presbyterian church at Perth Amboy, which precedes the distribution of the broken bread. Quoting the first verse of the hymn which had been sung, ' ' Nearer, my God, to Thee," he said that it reminded Mm of another by the same author, and repeated the words : " rm nearer my home to-day Than ever I've been before," THE MIXISTKY. 553 ■wlien lie was smitten witli the fatal stroke, and sat down, unable to pro- ceed. God touclied him, and he was not. WHrrEHEAD. Joseph Henkt, b. N.Y.C. October 18, 1847 ; W.C. 1869. U.S. 1873 ; Pompton Plains, July 23, 1873— Whitehuest, Jacob, b. in Cheshire, Eng., 1839 ; Brooklyn Lay Coll., April, 1875 ; lie. CI. L.I., 1876 ; ord. ditto, 1877 ; Miss, pastor of Bethany Chapel, Brooklyn, 1877— Whiting, Princetown, 18. .-1833 ? became a Baptist. Wiggins, Ebenezer. TJ.N.T. 1884, tutor in K.C. in Anc. Langs., 1836; N.B.S. 1837, 1. CI. 1837 ; Totowa, 1837-56, Manhattan, N.Y.C., 1857-70, d. 1878. D.D. Wiley, Charles,b. May 30, 1810, at Flatbush, L.L ; Aub. S., lie. Presbyt. Cayu- ga ; ord. by Hampshire Assoc, Mass., 1837 ; [Northampton, Mass., 1837-45 ;] Utica, N.y., 1846-50, [Milwaukee, 1857, Bingham, Ct., 1858-9 ;] Geneva, 1860-5 ; classical instructor at Hackensack, Montrose, and East-Orange. Emeritus, 1877, d. D.D. Publications : Disc, coramem. of Hon. Daniel Webster. 1852. — Disc, com- mem. of Hon. Edward Everett. 1865. Will, Peter, (Loudon, Eng., 17. .-1803,) Ger. Eef., N.Y.C., 1802-4, returned to Europe. Willets, Alphonso A. From M.E. Church 1849 ; Philadelphia, 1st, 1849-60, Brooklyn, 1860-5, Lee Avenue, Brooklyn, 1865-6, (Arch St., Philadelphia, Presbyt.) 1866— Williams, Melancthon B. C.N.J. 1814 ; Lysander, 1834-7. WiUiams, E. G., b. in Wales; C.N.J. 1870; P.S. 1874; Griggstown, N.J., 1874r-7; [Presbyterian.] Williams, Richard E., b. N.Y.C. 1843 ; U.S. 1870 ; Canajoharie, 1870— Williamson, George B., b. at Caldwell, N.Y., 1823 ; R.C. 1840, N.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. N.Y. 1843 ; Ghent, 2d, 1844r-8, Newark, 2d, 1848-9, Amity, 1849-53. died September 4, caused by explosion of boiler, on steamboat Eeindeer. He was a man of earnest spirit, of sound faith, and of pious life, remark- ably conscientious in duty, zealous for God's glory and the edification of the church ; pure and delicate as a woman ; of sweet disposition, yet firm and manly in his devotion to truth and right. He was industrious as a student and writer. His discourses were eminently serious, practical, and instructive. He had a well-balanced mind, a discriminating judgment, and a rich com, mand of language. He was a brother universally beloved. But he was cut off in the flower of his days, by the explosion of the boiler, on the steam- boat Reindeer, Lis wife and child receiving fetal injuries at the same time. His death was a triumph of Christian faith.— fe Memorial Sermons in Cy- press Wreath. Sprague's Annals. 554 THE MimSTEf. Publications : The Gatllered Plawer. Memoir of Kev. David Abeel. 1848. See Princeton Bev. xx. 309. ■Williamson, ST. DcBoiS, (grandson of W. K. Smith), b. at FlaggtoWn, N.J., Dec. 3,1819 ; R.C. 1840, N.B.S. 1843, lie. and ord. CI. Philadelphia, 1843 ; Pekin, 1843-8, Cicero, 1849-50, Chatham, 1850-1, Glenville, 2d, 1851-5, Wawarsing, 1855-61, Pekin, (S.S.,) 1861-3, Chicago, Livingston Ch., 1863-5, Havana, 1865-6, Sab. -School Miss, in Chicago, 1866-70, Nor- ris, m., 1870-2, South-Bend, Ind., 1872-8, also Western Miss, of R.C. A., 1871-8. Publications : Reminiscences of Dr. Peter Labagh. In Todd's Memoir of Ldbagh.—^et. on Death of Rev. Geo. R. Williamson. In Cypress WreatTi. — Mem. Ser. of Prof. Benjamin Wilcox, the snccessful Christian Teacher, South-Bend. 1875.— God's Highway for our Church. 1875. WtLLlAMSON, Peteb S. C.N.J. 1834, N.B.S. 1834, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1834 ; Rockaway, 1885-9, Brooklyn, 4th, (Wallabout,) 1841-3, teaching at Schodack Academy, 1843, at Belleville, 1843-6, at Jamaica, 1846-53, at San Francisco, 1853— Willis, Ralph. R.C. 1839, K.B.S. 1843, 1. CI. Philadelphia, 1843 ; Bethle- hem, 1843-51, Freehold, 1st, 1851-68, Spotswood, 1868— [Willy, .... 1780 ? in Q.R.C.] [Willy, Bernhard F., b. in Switzerland ; c. to America, 1784; Reading, Pa., 1785-6, Woodstock, Va.,. independent, 1786?-1810, d. — Harbaugh's Lives, ii. 401.] Wilson, Ab. D., b. at Amwell, N.J., Nov. 15, 1789 ; Q.C. 1811, N.B.S. 1815, 1. CI. N.B. 1815 ; New-Prospect and Shawangunk, 1816-39, North-Branch^ 1831-8, Miss, to Illinois, 1838-41, Fairview, 1841-56, w. c. Died July 21, 1876. He visited Fairview, 111., in 1837, but did not finally locate there until September, 1838. He will ever be known and esteemed in our Church as the' "father of Western missions." Parishioners and friends from New-Jersey began to locate in Central Illinois ; he cast in his lot among them, and for more than twenty years ministered more or less to the spiritual wants of the settlements. Hence the Classis of Illinois, and the strong mother church of Fairview. It was always charged that he gave More attention to private interests than to due preparations for the pulpit, and hence that he did not shine as a preacher. Nevertheless, he had a mind of manifest power and dl much practical wisdom. Socially he was among the most agreeable of men, and as a pastor left an excellent reputation at Shawangunk. A retentive memory and love fo* the sut^ect made him a valuable authority respectilig the fathers of the R.D. Church and the circumstances of a half century ago. No one doubted his attachment to the doctrines of divine truth and his willingness to endure labor and sacrifice for the extension of the Church of Christ.— JJct. Dr. Chs. Scott. THE MINISTBT. 555 Wilson, Chs. ■W.,(uepliew of E. Nevius,) b. at Ovid, N.T., 1826 ; R.C. 1861, 3Sf.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Geneva ; Miss, at Kewaskum, 1864-7, at Two Eivers, 1867-77, d. He was a man of strong faitli and courage, bearing disappointments with Christian manliness. He used up his patrimony in preparation for the min- istry. In Ms pastorate he encountered various forms of vice and infidelity with wonderful hope and faithfulness. He was a man of pure motives and eminently unselfish. Envy and jealousy had no place in him. His charity was pure and large. His devotion was tested by a want of apparent success in winning souls, yet his zeal did not abate. Wilson, Fred. F. R.C. 1859, N.B.S. 1863, 1. CI. Raritan, 1863 ; Glenville, 2d, 1864^70, Mohawk, 1870-2, Boonton, 1873-6, Asbury Park, 1876-8, Wil- cox, Pa., 1878-9. PvMication : Semi-Centennial of Kef. Ch. Glenville. 1868. WHson, Hugh Nesbit, b. at Elizabeth, N.J., May 7, 1813 ; C.N.J. 1830, P.S. 1834, lie. Presby-t. Elizabeth, Apr. 23, and ord. by same as Evang. Oct. 7, 1835 ; [Southampton, L.I., 1835-52, Hackettstown, N.J., 1852-8 ;] New- Brunswick, 3d, 1858-63 ; [S.S. Southampton, L.I., 1863-7, died 1878, June 4. Director in Princeton Sem., 1851-8. He early felt the power of religion, and united with the Second Presby- terian Church of Elizabeth at about fifteen years of age. During his semi- nary course he was also tutor in the College of New-Jersey, 1833-5. He was faithful, thorough and able as an instructor. His manners were gentle, winning and agreeable. He commanded the un]}ounded respect as well as the afEection of the students. They looked upon him as a warm personal friend. His pastorate on Long Island was long, useful and happy. Hia labors were largely blessed. He gathered many souls into the church, and enjoyed the unbounded love of his people. Only the condition of his health induced him to resign and remove elsewhere. Tet the last four years of his ministry were spent again with the people of his first charge. But now hia health hopelessly failed, and in an extremely infirm condition he removed to Germantown, Pa., where he continued to reside, patient and trustful until his death. He was in the truest sense of the term a Christian gentleman. He was a fine classical and Oriental scholar, and a man of extensive read- ing. As a preacher he was earnest, affectionate, instructive and popular. — Dr. Wm. K ScheTiek in the Presbyterian, June 15, 1878. Wilson, James B. R.C. 1848, N.B.S. 1851, lie. CI. N.B.; Long Branch, 1851-78, Long Branch, 3d, 1878— Publications: A Remembrance of the Past. A Decennial Anniversary Ser. 1861. Wilson, Joseph, b. 1797 ; C.N.J. ; N.B.S. 1831, 1. CI. N.B. 1821 ; (Middletown and Cantivell's Bridge, Presbyt. of New-Castle, 1833-30, Greenbush Vil- lage, Presbyt.. 1830-3,) Weaterlo. 1833-4, Athens, 1834-6, Principal of Poughkeepsie Female Inst., 1836-8, Fairfield and Little Falls, 1838-45, Tarrytown, 1845-9, Fairfield, 1849-73, w. e., died 1878, May 1. 558 TI™ MINISTRY. He was a clear-lieaded and close ttinker, an excellent tlieologian and gen- eral sckolar, and a vigorous, earnest, and strong preacher. He had a very original style of expression which gave point to his hold and faithful ser- mons. He was rigidly orthodox, and full of that divine unction which vivified the truth in his sermons and pastoral ministrations. To his last days he kept his mind alert by various reading and close ohservation of the signs of the times. He was very fond of the study of natural history and other sciences, and frequently published valuable articles in the newspapers on these and other favorite topics. He was also for many years one of the occasional contributors to the Christian Intelligencer. One of the earliest and best books issued by the Board of Publication was his volume entitled SdfisJimss and Ms Remedy, which gives a fair specimen of his acute reason- ing and earnest style of presenting gospel truth in its adaptation to the times. Occasionally too he indulged his poetic taste in excellent blank verse and rhyme. His ministry was blessed by several revivals of religion, the greatest of which was at Fairfield, N. J., during the awakening of 1857-8, when nearly every adult in his congregation, who was not previously a member, was brought into the communion of his church. Mr. Wilson was a genial, modest, quiet, retiring man, a consistent Chris- tian, a faithful minister, an instructive preacher and sympathizing pastor, and every where he was the "man of God." Wilson, Peter Q., b. at Koycefield, N.J.; E.G. 1858, N.B.S. 1861, 1. CI; Earitan; Greenbush, 1861-6, [Speuoertown, N.Y., Presbyt., 1866-..,] S.S. I Guttenberg, 1875, S.S. Ponds, 1877— [Winckhaus, John H., b. in Prussia, 1758 ; University of Duisburg, 1779, ]. 1779, (Berehum, in Limburg, Prussia, 1780-2 ;) c. to America, 1784 ; Worcestre, Whitpain and New-Providence, Pa., 1784^7, Philadelphia, 1790-3, d.] WiNDEMUTH, George. Melrose, 1870-6, Hackensack, 3d, 1877 — [Winfield, Aaron B., b. at Montague, N.J., 1815. B.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. CI. Orange, 1842; (Friendsville, Pa., Presbyt.) 1842-4, Sand Beach, 1844- 51, Paramus, 1851-6, emeritus, d. His paternal ancestors were English ; his maternal, of Hollandish descent. They were among the sturdy pioneers who settled the Shawangunk valley. He was brought into the church at the early age of seventeen under the pastoral care of Rev. C. C. Eltinge, then ministering at Port Jervis. He felt deeply the influences of the powerful revival in New-Brunswick, in 1837, and was the means of transmitting some of those blessed influences to his own home on the Delaware, by giving an account of them to the people. By simple statements about them, at prayer-meetings, without a single ser- mon, there were eleven hopeful conversions. During his last year in the seminary, his severe application to study broke down his health, and his subsequent abundant labors, preaching or speaking, often every day in the ■week, during his first settlement, did not improve it. He was an earnest THE MINISTET, 557 and powerful preacher. His appeals to the conscience and heart were direct and faithful, impressive and often awakening. Ready in the Scriptures, gifted and forcible in his reasonings, striking in his illustrations, and natur- ally eager for his object, he often poured forth a stream of startling truth. Bending joy or terror to the heart. He proclaimed his convictions of truth and duty regardless of the applause or frown of men. Pviilieations : Ser. at the Funerals of J. 0. S. and Q. W. S. Van Nest, and Mrs. P. Wyckoff, murdered by W. Freeman, near Auburn. 1846. — Chris- tian Baptism. 1849. — Antidote to Universalism. 1850. — Safety and Sure Defense of Zion. With a History of E.D.C. Paramus. 1853. WiNTEK, Egbert, b. in Neths. 1836; E.G. 1860, N.B.S. 1863,1. CI. Holland, 1863 ; CuddebackviUe, 1863-6, Pella, Ist, 1866— [Wirtz, John Conrad, c. to America before 1746 ; Sancon and Springfield, Pa., 1746-9, Rockaway and Valley, N. J., 1750-63, York, Pa , 1763-3, d.] Born in Zurich, Switzerland, he came to America before 1746, and, unli- censed, preached to the people, at their earnest solicitation, that they might not be altogether destitute of the word of life. He frankly stated the cir- cumstances to Schlatter, and asked for a legular induction to the ministry. This he failed to obtain from Schlatter. The Presbytery of New-Bruns- wick finally ordained him (1753) over the church of Rockaway, -which had sought their care and government. In York, his last settlement, tradition has preserved his name in good savor as an earnest and pious minister. At the laying of the corner-stone of hi? new church, at York, he said, " In the church now to be erected may piety preside, holiness reign, truth ever prevail, love and harmony dwell, that the congregation may uninterruptedly flourish." — Mariaugh'a Lives. Wiseman, John, from Ind. Ch., England 1851; S.S. Stone House Plains, 1851-3. [Wissler c. to America, 1753, d.] v [Witner, John George, Upper Milford, Pa., and Salzburgh, 1771-9, d.—Har- laugli's Lives, ii. 389.] Wolff, Chs. H. H. Aub. S. 1870 ; voyage to Japan, Dec. 20, 1870-1, Feb.; Miss, and teaching at Yokohama, Feb. 1871-3, Dec. ; teaching at Hirosaki, in the north of Niphon, Dec. 1873-3, Dec; at Nagasaki, Feb. 1874-5, ■when his relations to the For. Miss. Bd. of R.C.A. ceased. Wolflf, W., from Germany, 1853 ; S.S. JeffersonviUe, 1853-4, Naumberg and New-Bremen, 1856-60, Miss, to Hackensack, 8d, 1863, Warren and Plain- field, , 1865-6. Wolfe, Geo. L., b. at Lewes, Del., 1837 ; Danville Sem., Ky., 1859-61, P.S. 1861-3, lie. Presb. Lewes, 1861 ; ord. CI. Bergen, 1873; Jersey City, (Cen- tral Av.,) 1873-4 ; to Presbyt. West-Hanover, Va., 1877. Woltman, Harm. H.C. 1866, H.S. 1869, Fulton, 1869-70, d. 558 THE MIXISTKY. Wood, Alphonso, b. at Chesterfield, N.H., 1810 ; Dartmouth Col. 1834, A.S.; lie. Sullivan Assoc, N.H., Cong., 1887 ; joined CI. Westchester, 187&, never ordained. Instructor in Kimball Union Academy, N.H., 1^4-49, Prof, and Pres. Ohio Female College, 1853-60 j supplied churches occa- sionally. Publications: Class-Book of Botany. ISmo, pp. 045. Boston, 1845, — First Lessons in Botany. 16mo, pp. 355. Boston, 1848. — New Class Book of Botany. 8vo, pp. 869. New-York, 1860. — Object Lessons in Botany. 13mo, pp. 346. New- York, 1863. — American Botanist and Florist. 12mo, pp. 630. New- York, 1870.— Plant Eecord. 8vo, pp. 170. New- York, 1877. Wood, Chs. Wiltshike, b. in N.Y.; Eochester Univ. 1864, P.S. 1867; [S.S. Oakfield, N.Y.;] New-Lotts, 1874-7, Cherry Hill, N.J., (S.S,,) 1877-9. Wood, Joel. Fort Miller, 1840-5,, d. Had been a Missionary to the Indians. WooDBRiDGE, SAMnEL M. N.Y.U. 1838, N.B.S. 1841, 1. CI. L.I. 1841 ; South-Brooklyn, 1841-50, Coxsackie, 3d, 1850-3, New-Brunswick, 3d» 1852-7, Prof. Ecc. Hist, and Ch. Gov. in N.B.S. 1857 ; also Prof. Meta- physics and Philosophy of Human Mind in E.C. 1857-64. D.D. by B.C. 1857 ; by U.C. 1858. See Life ofBev. JohnWood^ridge, D.D., (uncle of S. M. Woodbridge,) for a history of the family, in which there have been eleven generations of ministers in regular succession, beginning with Eev. John Woodbridge, born in England, 1493, a follower of Wyckliffe. Publications: Principles of Our Government. A Thanksgiving Disc. 1853. In New-Brunswick Fredonian. — Sermon on Human Government. 1856. — Inaugural Disc, as Professor Ecc. Hist. In Christian Intelligencer. Dec. 1857.— On the Family. In Nat. Preacher. — Power of the Bible. Be- fore Aux. Bib. Soc. N.B. 1865.— Address at 150th Anniversary of 1st E.D.C. New- Brunswick. 1867. See Steele's Hist. Disc. — Address at Centennial of North R.D.C, N.Y.C. 1869.— Disc, on Benevolence. Before Gen. Synod at Albany. In Oh. Int. June, 1871.— Analysis of Theology. 1873-3.— Faith : Its True Position in the Life of Man. 1875. WoodhuU, Selah Strong, b. in N.Y.C. Aug. 4, 1786 ; C.C. and Y.C. 1803, studied under hisuncle. Dr. Woodhull, of Freehold, and at P.S.; 1. Presbyt. N.B. 1805 ; (Boujjd Brook, Presbyt.,) 1805-6, Brooklyn, 1806-35, Prof. Ecc. Hist, in N.B.S. and of Metaphysics and Philosophy of Human Mind in E.C. 1835-6, d. Elected a trustee of E.G. 1835. D.D. by U.C. 1823. He was the impersonation of activity, decision, energy, and persevering industry ; you could see all this in his very expression and manner. His motto seemed to be onward and onward still further, upward and upward still higher. He seemed to say in his every movement, life admits not of amusement, or of procrastination, or even of useless speculation. He was every where the thorough man of business, the thoroughly practical man. It is said of him that, even when leaving his home for recreation, he pro- vided himself with texts, pens, ink, and paper, that he might spend some ot THE MINISTET. 559 hie time in tUe compoaition of sermons, and he beforehand with his work. His remarks to the students when meeting them for the first time after his inauguration as professor in the theological seminary, throw light upon his character, " Young gentlemen, you must expect while under my charge to study hard, and I will set you au example." The example was before them but a short time. The professor of much promise and lofty aspirations was very soon laid low by disease, resulting in death. The church expected much from him, and on good grounds ; but God had ordered it otherwise. Had he been permitted to live and to retain his health, he would have effected much.— JSeo. Dr. G. Ludlow. Mag. R.J).C. i. 140, 233, 265, 269. Evang. Quwrterly, ii. 114. Sprague'sAjinaU. Woods, John. Gibbonsville, 1835-6, Montville, 1.83S, S.S. at Preakness, Dec, 1842-June, 1843. WoRMSER, Akdkew, b, at Nyverdale. Neths., 1846; H.C. 1873, H.S. 1875, Uc. CI. Holland. Bethel, Iowa, 1875.-8, Cleveland, 1878— WoRTMAN, Denis. A.C. 1857, N.B.S. 1860, 1. CI. Poughkeejsie, 1860; South-Bushwick, 1860-3, Philadelphia, 3d, 1863-5, Schenectady, 1st, 1865-70, supplying churches. D.D. Publications : Address, Living for Principles, or the Right against the Expedient, before the Anti-Secret Society of Rutgers College, May 7, 1863. — Farewell Sermon to Ref. D. Ch. of S. Bushwick, Brooklyn, E.D. Brook- lyn Times, Nov. 3, 1863.— Sketch of Edward Hitchcock, D.D., LL.D. In CU. Int., March 17, 1864.— Sermon on Death of President Lincoln. 1865. Wel- come Home to the Soldiers. A sermon before the Veterans at the close of the Rebellion, July 9, 1865. In Bclimeetady BaUy 5ter.— Article, Resume of the Geological Argument. In American Presbyter and Tkeol. Review, Oct., 1865, pp. 613-640 ; reprinted, in large part, in three Nos. of Ch. Int. Oct. and Nov., 1865.-A few Letters from Europe, ch. Int. and Schenectady papers, 1867.-Address before the Evangelical Alliance, Amsterdam, Hol- land, 1867, imperfectly reported in Eeangelische AUiantie, pp. 318 319 —Ar- ticles oa various subjects in the Ch. Int., and accounts of sermons, etc , in Schenectady Union and /StoT-.- Sermon on Baptismal Sabbath. 1868 —Ad- dress at Semi-Centennial of 2d Ref. Ch. of Glenville, N.Y. In GlermUe Sem-t-Cent. JJfmorM —Addresses before N.Y. State Convention of Y.M.C. A, 1868, reported in Proceedings, and at Anniveraary of Schenectady Y M.C A ' 1869. Li Schenectady SJasr.-Some fugitive poetry.-Several articles' on Prot Tayler Lewis in L,h. Int., 1878. Wright, Chs. S., b. ia N.Y. ; R.C. 1873. N.B.S. 1876, IJc. S. CI. L.L ; FJat- bush Mission, 1877— [Waert, John C, from Switzerland; Egypt. Lehigh Co., Pa.. 1743^ —Har- baugh's Li-ms^ ii. 379.] WmTs, Wm. a., b. at Lonisville, Ey., 1848 ; LaFayette Col., N B S 1863 1. Cl. Philadelphia, 1863 ; Canastota, Feb., 1863-8, [Vernon, Presbyt' S S ' 1868-71 ;] Lysander, 1871-6 ; S.S, Canastota, 1877- "^^^- »•»•• 560 THE MINISTET. Wust, W. C, from Holland ; Buffalo, (Hoi.,) 1855-6, Rocliester, 1856-64, Lodi, NJ., 1864r-8, suspended, [Lodi, N.J., independent, 1868-78, ret. to Holland.] Wyberg, see Weyberg. Wyokoff, A. N., b. at Bedminster, N.J., 1844 ; B.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1867, 1. CI. Earitan, 1867 ; Glenham, 1867-71, in Europe, 1871-4, Centennial Chapel of 1st R.D.C., Brooklyn, 1875-9, [New-Orleans, Canal St., Presbyt., 1879—] Wyckoff, Ab. V., b. in New-Brunswick, 1833 ; B.C. 1842, N.B.S. 1845, 1. CI. N.B. 1845 ; Prattsville, 1846-51, GrSenburgli, 1851-3, died Oct. 20. Publications. — Sketcb of Eev. F. B. Tbompson, wltli portrait. 1853. Wyckoff, Bekj. V. B., b. at Middlebush, N.J., 1856 ; E.C. 1875, N.B.S. 1878, lie. CI. N.B. ; Preakness, 1878— Wyckoff, Cor., b. in Eeadington, N.J., 1810 ; E.C. 1835, N.B.S. 1888, 1. a. Philadelphia, 1838 ; Northumberland, 1838-41, Eochester, 1841-65, High Bridge, 1866-9, d. at New-Brunswick, May, 1870. For the period of twenty-four years he held the charge of Eochester, Ul- ster Co., N.Y., a large country parish, which embraced at that time about three hundred families. Some of the members lived seven miles distant, and were regular in attendance on the service of the sanctuary. A field so extended in area called for laborious effort, and although not strong in health he worked assiduously, remembering the apostolic injunction, "Preach the word; be instant in season, out of season." The number of MS. sermons prepared was very large, and in their composition he did not seek to present theories that might please an auditor having itching ears, but he preached very much on human depravity, the deceitfulness of man's natural mind, his incapability to save himself, and over this spiritual destitution he placed the fullness of Christ's redemption. To the poor lie was especially attentive in his ministrations, for he deemed that they were in particular need of this treatment, that they might feel he belonged to them as much as to their wealthy neighbors. In the temperance cause he rendered efficient work. One day he was engaged in family visitation with an elder, when they discovered that a church-member, who had been ill, and was thereby reduced to a condition of want, had opened a liquor saloon. The man plead in extenuation of his fault that necessity impelled him to the act. He was told he should have received assistance from the church, on application, and that his course was fitted to bring misery to some fami- lies. The wrong-doer became penitent, and promised that when his stock was sold he would quit the business. The pastor iEdmediately purchased the entire quantity, and emptied the vile drink on the ground. His final sickness was of nine weeks' duration. In his intense physical suffering his patience and submission abounded and had daily manifestation. In great distress he prayed, "0 Lord, Thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven." ' ' Though He slay me, yet will I trust in Him.'' He said that he felt deeply his own un worthiness, and therefore trusted entirely in the right- eousness and grace of our Lord Jesus Christ. — B. W. B. W. Eng^byAHF-Ucl THE MINISTEY. 661 Wtckofp, Db Witt Beviee, (a. of Cor. WyckofiF,) b. at Eocliester, TJIster Co., N.Y.,1841; R.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1865; 1. CI. Kingston, 1865; Wood- stock, 1805-70, Gallatin, 1870— Wyckoff, Henry V., (brother of I. N. Wyckoff,) b. near Millstone, N.J., 1771 ; studied under Livingston, 1. CI. N.Y. 1708; Charleston, 1799-1803? Charleston, 2d, 1803-20, suspended; 1833, seceded; Charleston, 2d, Sec. 1823-9, Charleston Independent, 1839-1830, L 1835, March C. Buried at Glen, N.Y. Publication : Reasons for Withdrawing from E.D.C. 1830. Wyckoff, Isaac N., b. near Millstone, N.J., 1793; RC. 1813, N.B.S. 1817, 1. CI. N.B. 1817 ; Leeds, 1817-34, Catskill, 1834-6, Albany, 2d, 1836-66, d. 1869. Elected a trustee of R.C. 1851. D.D. by U.C. 1838, by R.C. 1839. He began the study of the classics under Rev. John M. Van Harlingen, of Millstone, in 1806. His father dying when he had only begun his studies, he was thrown very much on his own resources. He taught and labored to supply the necessary means for his education. While in the Seminary he also was principal of a Young Ladies' School in New-Brunawick. In the ministry he was most active, energetic, and devoted. While in his first charge, greatly through his efforts, he had the satisfaction of seeing four new churches organized, contiguous to his own field. During his thirty years of service at Albany, he received more than a thousand into the com- muuion of the church. He was especially noted for his kind oflices to all in need of consolation or advice. His opinion was sought after by all classes. He gladly left his study and his books to do any favor possible, even for the humblest. He was well acquainted with the personal, mental, moral, and social condition of his numerous fiock. He was, moreover, the vmwearied friend of the more recent Holland immigrants, many of whom are greatly indebted to him for his opportune advice and assistance. He was also ever foremost among the friends of every benevolent institution. For the last twenty years of his active life he was the earnest, faithful committee-man. Not a few young men were also indebted to his kindly assistance in reach- ing the ministry. He was a man of simple, honest, cheerful, unaffected piety. There was nothing sour or repulsive in his composition. Gloom and austerity werai not ingredients in his religion. Being a Christian disciple without reserve,, he rejoiced to know and do his Master's will. His cheerfulness, his self- control, his patience, his charity, all were tried, as God tries the graces of all his people ; but it was plain to those who knew him best, that in the sunshine and in the shade he could "sing songs of holy ecstasy, to waft, him to the skies." His home he made a Bethel. His hospitality was unbounded.' Strangers^ and friends were welcome to his board, but none ever passed his threshold,, to converse with him in the seclusion of his abode, without feeling that they had communed with a man who walked with God. To him religion was not a pack to be carried on bent shoulders, and; opened now and then for exhibition to the curious, but an inward fountain,, 36 562 THE MINISTEY. always running and always clear. The spontaneity of his faith precluded the indulgence of mere cant. The light of the cross was on his brow, and the breath of Olivet animated his speech. He seldom or never made harsh and uncharitable remarks concerning others. A shrewd observer and a discriminating judge of conduct, still such was the habit of his heart that even in cases where he had suffered injury, he strove to find some room for the exercise of patient charity. To hear him pray in his family circle was to be borne up to the mount of vision. Then the father's heart mounted to the prophet's lips, and he seemed to converse with God — as friend holds fellowship with friend. In all his domestic regulations there was a savor of heaven, and none could see him in the quiet ways of his household without saying, "There is a man who lives his religion, and whose religion Is his life." He was pre-eminently a biblical preacher, combining the doctrinal, practi- cal, and experimental. His person, voice, manner, and matter were strik- ing, and accordingly he took a front rank among the leading pulpit divines of the State of New- York. His style of composition was picturesque, and on this account there seemed to be in his sermons, at times, a contest be- tween imagination and the logic of homely words. But every discourse was directed to the great end of all right and good preaching, namely, the instruction and edification of the hearer. He studied to make the Word of God the foundation of every discourse. As a rule, his sermons were clear and powerful applications of truth to the hearts, consciences, and judgments of his congregation. He published several sermons, addresses, and articles on special subjects for the newspapers and magazines. The Columbia County Preacher, the National Preacher, and the archives of several institutions, contain many of his published productions. He was a copious contributor to the Annals of the American Pulpit, by Dr. Sprague. — Memorial containing sermons Vy Drs. Porter and Blm^ndorf. Publications : Address before Tract Soe. In 2f. T. Observer, May 19, 1837. — Christian Example. On the Death of Chr. Miller. 1844. — Address at Fun. of Rev. David Abeel. 1846.— Stability of the Times. July 4, 1852.— Ser. on Death of David Pruyn, 1843 ; and on Death of Hibertie Pruyn, 1855. — John, surnamed Boanerges : a Disc, on Death of Rev. Dr. John Ludlow. 1857.— She is not Dead, but Sleeepeth. 1858.— The Spiritual Portrait. On Death of Hon. Jacob Lansing. 1858. — Address at Quarter-Century Celebra- tion of Pastorate. 1861. — The Righteous Entering into Peace. On Death of Ab. F. Lansing. 1861. — An Inaug. Charge at Hope College. 1866. In Hope College Remembrancer. — Arts, in Sprague's Annals, on Rev. J. M. Van Harlingen, Jacob Sickles, Jacob Schoonmaker, Peter P. Rouse, David Abeel, W. J. Pohlman. — Sermons in the Columbia Co. Preacher, and the Nat. Preacher. Wtckoff, Jacob S. R.C. 1853, N.B.S. 1856, lie. S. CI. L.L; Colt's Neck, 1856-65, West-Troy, South, 1865-70, w. c. THE MINISTRY. 563 Wtckofp, Jab. R.C. 1861, N.B.S. 1864, 1. CI. Geneva, 1864 ; Queene, 1864-71, Boshnell, 1871-4, Qermantown, 1874— WyckofE, Theodore F., b. at CatskUl, 1820, (son of I. N. WyckofE;) K.C. 1839, N.B.S. 1842, 1. a. Albany, 1843 ; Ghent, 2d, 1843-4, South West-Troy, 1845-54, St. Thomas, W.I., 1854r-5, d. Jan. 19. He was distinguished for the mental graces with which he was adorned, the faithfulness with which his pastoral duties were discharged, for the gen- tleness of his disposition, the amenity of his manners, and the eminent social qualities which endeared him to the high and low, the rich and poor. He was also a finished scholar. His passionate love of his Maker's works, his high appreciation of the beautiful in art, were sources of unbounded pleasure to him — a pleasure which he often imparted to others with his facile pen. His contributions to the press, as well as his public addresses, evidenced a refined taste and a highly cultivated mind, winning him a high position for one of his years. His health led him to settle in the West- Indies, but in a few weeks he was stricken down by the yellow fever and died. Wtkofp, John Hknkt. E.G. 1871, N.B.S. 1874, lie. CI. N.B.; voyage to India, Nov. 1874-5, Jan.; Tellore, 1875-6, Tindevanum, 1876-7, Vellore, 1877— Wykkoop, Jefpekson, (brother of Eichard Wynkoop,) b. N.T.C. Sept. 11, 1801 ; C.C. and U.C. 1819, N.B.S. 1824, 1. CI. X.B.; West New-Hemp- stead and Eamapo, 1825-30, Athens, 1838-40, (Gilbertsville, Delhi, and Cuba, N. T., Presbyt., 1840-54,) w. c. 1854— Wynkoop, Peter S., b. at Kingston, 1787; tJ.C. 1807, N.B.S. 1818, 1. CI. N.B. 1813 ; assistant of Vredenbnrgh, at Earitan, 1813-14, Catskill, 1814-17, Hyde Park, (Staatsburgh,) 1817-20, Hyde Park and Pleasant Plain, 1820-2, Ghent and Hillsdale, 1823-40, Ghent and CTaverack, 2d, 1840-3, Ghent, 1848-4, Bloommg Grove, 1844r-8, d. Nov. 1. He pursued the study of the law, and began to practice his profession in 1810, but about this time his heart was touched by grace, and he promptly and cheerfully relinquished the prospect of worldly honor and emolument, and gave himself to the ministry. His labors were largely blessed. His views of divine truth were clear and discriminating ; his faith was the result of intelligent conviction, and he was firm in his adherence to it. There was no tendency in his mind to indulge in novel speculations. Intent on the great objects of the ministry, realizing that he watched for souls, as one that must give account, his talents and time were not wasted on questions of doubtful disputation, which minister strife but do cot edify. He practically adopted the resolution of the apostle to know nothing but Christ. His dis- courses were constructed with a constant regard to the spiritual interests of his flock. As a vigilant observer of circumstances which aid the impression of truth, he exhibited skill in giving to each his portion in due season. His earnestness of manner indicated that it was the utterance of truth which had its residence in the heart, and that, as he believed, he spoke. His hear- 564 ■ THE MINISTEY. ers were regarded as hastening to tlie retribution of tlie eternal Btate, and his aim was, by the manifestation of trutli, to commend himself to every man's conscience in the sight of God. He was faithful and diligent in the cultivation of personal piety ; he was accustomed to a strict scrutiny of his heart, bringing himself to the oracles of God, as a standard by which his spiritual character was to be determined. He was a man of prayer. He was accustomed to retire and seek at his Father's throne the anointings of the Spirit, which invigorated his own soul, and infused a spiritual fragrance through his ministry and life. His walk was close with God. His medita- tions of him were sweet, filling up many of his hours. At noon, as well as at evening and morning, he bowed at the family altar. He was strictly con- scientious, even to personal sacrifices. His time, his powers, his influence, were unreservedly and fully consecrated to God. No motives of personal ambition or advancement found place in his heart. — Memorial Sermon Tn/ Rev. K Holmes. Wynkoop, Richard, b. N.Y.C. Dec. 16, 1798 ; C.C. 1819, N.B.S. 1833; lie. by 2d Presbyt. N.Y. (Assoc. Eef.) Ap. 5, 1836; Miss, at Cato, N.T., Oct. 29, 1826-7, Jan. 31 ; [Yorktown, Westchester Co., N.Y., May 6, 1837-34, Ap. 20 ; Hagerstown, Md., May 4, 1834r42, d. Ap. 5.] Nearly his whole ministry was spent in the Presbyterian Church. The church at Hagerstown returned to the Assoc. Bef. Ch. during his pastorate there in 1838. He was the son of Peter Wynkoop and Margaret Quackcnbos. He mar- ried, August 10, 1825, Catharine, daughter of Jas. Schureman and Eleanor Williamson, of New-Brunswick, N.J., and sister of Rev Dr. John Schure- man. (SCHUKBMAK, JoHN.) In his youth, he was fond of active exercise and manly sports, and acquired a vigorous constitution. He was tall, muscular and athletic, formed for labor and endurance, and the movements of his body, like the operations of his mind, were quick and agile. In the minis- try, truth was the object of all his investigations, and to his researches ho brought a mind quick, penetrating, strong and logical. He would seize upon the points of inquiry with the rapidity of lightning, and trace them through mazes of difficulty with the care and quickness of intuition. Ever on the alert to detect error, he was sure to expose it on every proper oc- casion, often using the weapons of sarcasm and ridicule, which he wielded with great skill, and sometimes with prodigious effect. In the distinctive faith of the Presbyterian Church, he could clearly, ably and satisfactorily expound its mooted points. He possessed the reasoning faculty in uncom- mon power. His sermons were among the finest specimens of logic ; and this character was awarded to them by many men of the Bar, and of other professions, who were attracted by his remarkable powers. His object was to communicate instruction, and in this he never failed. His preaching was upon texts, not upon subjects. He thought out his sermons fully and effectually, but without writing them. His manner was plain, simple, and dignified. His whole manner and appearance in the pulpit indicated his own sense of the solemnity of the errand on which he stood there, and THE MINISTEY. 565 awakened corresponding emotions in tliose whom lie addressed. — See Sprague's Annals of the AmeiHcan Pulpit, vol. ix.. and Wynkoop Genealogy, 1878, pp. 103, 130. Tasadian, V., studied under the missionaries in India, 1. CI. Arcot, 1867. Tasukawa, (a native Japanese,) studied under the missionaries ; lie. by tbe GMu Kuwai (CI. or Presbyt.) of Japan, 1878 : Tokio, 1878— Yates, Andrew, b. in Scbenectady, 1773 ; Y.C. 1793, studied theology under Livingston, 1. CI. N.T. 1796 ; Prof. Latin and Greek in Union College, 1797-1801, (East-Hartford, Cong., 1801-14,) Prof. Mental and Moral Phi- losophy, Union College, 1814-25, Prin. of High School at CUittenango, 1825-36, the helper of feeble churches, 1836-44, d. With frequent interruptions in his earlier studies from feeble health, he still persevered and graduated with honor. No man had a more exalted idea of the duties of the sacred office, and few have performed these duties with greater fidelity or success. He was afraid to offend God, and this made him fearless of mea Hence he never entered into a compromise with error or wickedness. What he believed to be true and right, he openly proclaimed. Yet all he did was done with so kind a spirit that however much men might disagree with him, they never doubted that his conduct was dictated by uprightness and affection. During his pastoral relation, frequent and powerful revivals of religion were enjoyed, and, indeed, at no time were wanting the pleasing manifestations of the Spirit's presence. He also trained a number of young men in theological studies, besides his pastoral duties, and when he resigned his pulpit some of these followed him to Sche- nectady, that they might still enjoy his instructions. While teaching he was also always engaged, more or less, in preaching the gospel. There were but few churches of the Presbyterian order with- in thirty miles of Schenectady in which he had not often proclaimed the preciousness of Christ. He was also a principal agent in securing the estab- lishment of a missionary station for the Indians, at Mackinaw, Michigan, about 1823. While teaching at Chittenango, he organized a church there and became its pastor. During the last eight years of his life he was the unceasing friend and helper of feeble churches. He established, resuscitated, or greatly aided no less than thirteen during this period. He died of disease contract- ed by his abundant labors. His last effort was the establishment of a church at Sacondaga, but, ten days before its dedication, sitting in his chair, and en the blessed Sabbath that he loved so well, he placidly breathed out his soul, without a pang or a groan. There was no intricate complexity either in his principles or conduct. With a well-balanced mind, he possessed the transparent simplicity of a child, joined to a oneness of untiring purpose. Love was the great principle of his heart, and by its power, selfishness, in all its varied forms, was over- borne. It was the law of his house to rejoice with them that do rejoice, and to weep with them that weep. But his most prominent characteristic 066 THE MINISTRY/ was Ills indomitable hope. TJnsliaken confidence in the divine promises ever cheered him on, for he knew that God would not fail him. However dark the outward prospect seemed, he never doubted but that God would clear away all clouds. — Memorial Sermon hy Dr. W. H. Campbell. Spra^ue's Annals. Publication) : Blessedness of Djring in the Lord : a Ser. at the Fun. of Mrs. Amelia Flint. Hartford, 1810. — Charity, the Evidence of Piety : a Ser. before Female Benev. Soc, Hartford, 1810.— The Effectual Preacher : a Ser. at Install, of Dr. John Ludlow, at Albany, 1833. — God's Blessing in our In- stitutions : a Ser. at Dedication of E.D.C. Chittenango. 1829. Yates, John Austin, (s. of And. Yates,) b. at East-Hartford, Ct,, 1801 ; TJ.C. 1821, N.B.S. 1824, lie. CI. N.B. 1834 ; tutor in U.C. 1833-7, Prof. Oriental Langs. U.C. 1837-49 ; (spent 1837-9, after the above appointment, in Europe ;) called.to Jersey City, 1st, 1849 ; accepted, but died before instal- lation. The First Church of Jersey City seemed entering on a new career with the call of Yates, but he suddenly died before his installation. He was of fine personal appearance, of open countenance, and wore an habitual sunny smile. His frankness and familiarity on first acquaintance, his fascinating manner, and the warm grasp of hia hand, gave every one who met him the assurance of his aflectionate disposition, and of the nobleness of his heart, which he carried in his hand. Be also stood high in literary circles. He had possessed great advantages in his collegiate connection, and especially during his sojourn in Europe, 1837-9, when he especially prepared himself for the duties of his professorship. He entered upon his work with the enthu- siasm of the scholar and the man of genius. To extensive learning he united a cultivated taste, and was widely known as one of the best scholars of the land in the languages and literature of modern Europe. His sermons were distinguished for clearness, accuracy, and ease of style, copious and brilliant illustration, and the select character of his thoughts. Always pleasing, he was often eloquent, and sometimes thrilling. He addressed the heart as well as the intellect. He viewed Christianity not as a gloomy, sul- len system, but as a religion of purity, life, joy, and love. He held it up as the artist does his most finished work in its most beautiful and effective light. He brought every ray of light to its focus at the Cross of Christ, and by the very kindness of his manner, and the brightness of his views, dis- armed infidelity on its own battle-ground. At the same time he preached the more humbling doctrines of the Cross, which lie at the foundation of the whole gospel system. — Mem. Ser. in MS. by Dr. W. J. B. Taylor, in Sage Library. Publications : Righteousness Exalteth a Nation. 1839. Young, Alex. H., b. at Louisville, Ky., Feb. 13, 1838 ; Miami Univ., Ox- ford, O., 1859, Lane Sem., Walnut Hill, O., 1863 ; lie. by Presb. of Cincin- nati, 1863; ord. by Presbyt. Chilllcothe, C, Nov. 8,1864; [South-Salem, C, 1804^9, Oxford, C, 1869-73, Presbyt.,] Greenville, N.J., 1872— THE MINISTRY. 667 Young, Chas. J. [Tapbank, L.I., 1875-8 ;] Long Branch, 1st, 1878— Youngblood, William, b. at Montgomery, N.Y., 1800 ; E.C. 1832, N.B.S. 1835, 1. CI. Orange, 1885; voyage to Batavia, (Java, E.I.,) June-Sept. 1836, Batavia, 1836-8, (studying the Malay language,) voyage to Borneo, by way of Singapore, Dec. 1838-Sept. 1839, teaching a Malay school at Pontianak, (Borneo,) Nov. 1839-42, Karangan, (Borneo,) Sept. 1842,-Jan. 1847, voyage to America, Jan. -July, 1849, d. 1859. He had early religious impressions which seem to have matured about the fifteenth year of his age. He then had a strong desire to study with a view to the ministry. But being the eldest of the family, he was needed at home by his widowed mother, and for some years took charge of the paternal farm. While in the Seminary his mind was much exercised in regard to the duty of devoting himself to the foreign missionary work. The appeals of the heavenly-minded and devoted David Abeel, who had just returned from China, had the effect of bringing him to a decision. He was accepted by the American Board, and designated, with other brethren of our Church, to the island of Java. They embarked on the 8th of June, 1836. After many efforts, the Dutch Government not allowing them to operate on that island, they embarked for Pontianak, on the coast of Borneo, in December of 1838. While residing there some of the brethren engaged in the study of the Chinese language, with a view of establishing a mission in China as soon as the way opened. Brother Youngblood having gained some knowledge of the art of printing, and of the Malay language, he spent his time in vis- iting the neighboring Kampongs, preaching and distributing tracts, and, unaided, he printed with his own hands, by means of a press presented by the officers of an American squadron, Malayan books, for the use of a school of poor children he had gathered. At length, in the beginning of the year 1842, Brothers Youngblood and Thompson founded a station among the Dyaks, about one hundred and forty miles in the interior of the island. After many trials, and incredible toil, owing to the unwillingness of the natives to assist, they succeeded in erecting with their own hands two temporary dwellings in the midst of the j ungle. After a few months, joined by their families, in these lonely wilds they began the work of pioneer missionaries. Brother Thompson's health soon failing, he departed for his native land by the way of Europe, where he was called to his heavenly home. About four years after the establishment of the mission among the Dyaks, Brother Youngblood's health also gave way. The trial of a voyage to Singapore not proving, as hoped, efficacious to his restoration, he embarked January, 1849, for Ameri- ca. This was a trial harder to be borne than when he left his native shore. The seed of God's word had just begun to germinate in some minds, and now that all prospects of usefulness should be destroyed was painful in the extreme. "Never," said Mrs. Y. to the writer, "did I see my husband, in all my life, shed tears so profusely, and endure a trial so distressing, as when he bade farewell to his Dyak field." No reenforcements arriving, 568 THK MINISTRY. lie saw the mission must be given up. For years this good brother lingered, able only to preach an occasional sermon, till his death. During these years his heart was still set on the great work of missions. He said to the writer, "I do not regret having personally engaged in the work of foreign missions, but it is rather to me a source of joy. I feel that it was the highest honor conferred on me, in being permitted to engage in this blessed cause, and become a co-worker with the Lord of missions. Gladly would I now return to our distant field of labor, or any other among the heathen, did my health and that of my companion permit, and toil till death for the salvation of perishing men. It is sweet to endure toil and privation for Christ." — Bev. Dr. J. H. Duryea. Ypma, Martin A., from Holland ; Vriesland, 1851-3, Graafschap, 1853-4, High and Low Prairie, 1855-61, Alto, 1861-3, d. Zabkiskie, Albert A., b. at Bergen Point, N.J., Ap. 11, 1843 ; R.C. 1863, N.B.S. 1868, 1. CI. Bergen, 1868 ; Farmer Village, 1868-9, Keyport, 1869- 73, Preakness, 1873-8, Franklin Furnace, 1878— Zabriskie, Francis Niclioll, (grandson of J. V. C. Eomeyn,) b. in N.T.C. ; N.Y.U. 1850, N.B.S. 1855, 1. CI. N.Y. 1855 ; Livingston Ch., N.Y.C., May 15, 1856-9, Coxsackie, 3d, 1859-63, Ithaca, 1863-6, Claverack, 1866-73, [Saybrook, Ct., 1873-6, Wollastou Hights, Mass., 1876—] Publications: Sowing in Tears. Anniversary Ser. 1857. — The Gospel preached to the Poor. Second Anniv. Ser. 1858. — Members of the Living- ston Ch., N.Y.C. 1858.— Landmarks of my Ministry. 1859.— God's Battle. July 4, 1861.— Golden Fruit from Bible Trees. 1861— Weighed in the Bal- ances. A Fast Day Ser. 1863. — The Post of Duty. Fun. Disc, in memory of Francis Hoilister, (120th Regt. jST.Y.V.,) killed in Battle of Gettysburg. 1863.— The Claverack Centennial. 1867.— Hist, of Livingston Ch., N.Y.C. In Jubilee of 34th St. Ch., with which the former united. — Temperance or Total Abstinence. 1871.^Many letters in the papers. — Letters signed " Old Colony" in Ch. Int. 1876 to present time. Zabriskie, Jeb. L., b. at Flatbush, L.I., (grandson of J. L. Zabriskie;) C.C. Law Dept. 1854, N.B.S. 1863, 1. S. CI. L.I. 1863 ; Cuddebackville, 1866-70, New-Baltimore, 1870— Zabriskie, John Lansing, b. at Albany, 1779 ; U.C. 1797, studied theology under D. Eomeyn, 1. CI. Albany, 1800 ; Greenbush and Wynantskill, 1801-11, Hillsborough, (Millstone,) 1811-50, d. Elected a trustee of Q.C. 1811. During his long pastorate at Millstone, he maintained his influence and his standing unto the end. He was a man of many excellences ; kind, social, unaffected, and sincerely and zealously pious ; a gentleman of the old school, simple in his tastes, unostentatious in his life, and unsophisti- cated in his daily conduct. All who knew him loved him, and those who knew him best esteemed him most. He was one of the most laborious and successful pastors in Somerset County. He preached and lectured more, visited more families, and attended THE MINISTBY. 569 more carefully to all his public duties, than almost any other minister of his time. He was considered by all an example not only, but a monitor in his official life. His talents were good. His mind was more judicious, solid, and safe than brilliant, or endowed with genius. He was a wise man, a sensible man, a man to be depended upon. His counsel was judicious, and no one ever erred much in following it. Hence, he himself made no mistakes of im- portance, had no controversies, and while his friends were numerous, his enemies belonged to those whom his principles and his holy life ^ecessariIy brought in opposition to him. He was an excellent preacher ; and though he seldom wrote his sermons, they were solid, sensible, full of evangelical thought, and listened to with profit by all the earnest-hearted and godly in his congregation. His know- ledge of the gospel was full, distinctive, and clear ; and when he had dis- cussed any one of its doctrines, his hearers felt that they had had very important matters brought to their consideration, in a way which was cal- culated to impress their minds and edify their hearts. Few men could speak more judiciously and appropriately, from the impulse of the moment, on any given theme. Often there was a neatness, terseness, and directness which could not fail to be highly pleasing. Then he was a genial man, and in his social intercourse would astonish and excite you by his wit, his sarcasm, and even drollery ; but this was only occasionally, and when he seemed to be carried out of his ordinary sphere. Habitually he was grave, thoughtful, and though not reserved, by no means a facetious or light man. His life was unstained even by a breath of evil. Xo one doubted his piety, or the sincerity of his admonitions, when he reprobated vice or re- proved iniquity. By his simple habits and economy, while in the receipt of only a small stipend, he was able to accumulate a large estate, and leave it as an inheri- tance to his children. This, however, resulted chiefly from the early pos- session of his own patrimony, managed with prudence and care, and not from any savings out of his salary. In a word, he was a good man, useful in his day, and he has left u name which will have a savor of excellence for many generations, among those whose welfare he promoted, and whose fathers and mothers he led in the way of life. — Bev. Dr. Ah. Messier. Zastera, F. From Church of Rome. Miss, in 4th Ger. Ch., N.T.C, 1858. [Zilbli, , Charleston, S.C, 1143.— HarlaugK a Lives, ii. 380.] Zubli, E. B. Pella, 3d, (S.S.) 1876. [Zufall, John. Tulpehocken, Pa., 1765-9.— Harbaugh's Lives, ii. 888.] Zurcher, J. N. S.S. at Silver Creek, 1858. ZwEMER, Adeian, b. in Zeeland, Neths.,Feb. 13, 1838; Holland Academy, Mich.; studied theology with Rev. John Van Vleck, 1858; lie. CI. Hoi- 510 THE MINISTEY. land, Ap. 14, and ord. Ap. 18, 1858 ; Vriesland, 1858-08, Low Prairie, 1868-70, Milwaukee, 1870-3, Albany, (Hoi.,) 1873-6, Graafscliap, Mich., 1876— ZwEMEE, Jas. Fbed., b. in Kocliester, N.Y.,Sept. 1, 1850; H.C. 1870, H.S. 1873, lie. CI. Holland, July 3; Fynaart, Micb., 1873— Zyperus, (Siperius,) Michiel, c. from Cara(;oa, Aug. 1659, to New-Nether- lands, as a proponent, (or candidate;) joined the ch. in New-Amsterdam as a student of divinity in Jan., 1660; went toward Virginia, 1664. — Amet. Cor. Qen. and Biog. Ret. vii. 64 ; is. 73. IP *?-1^- V THE CHIIECHES; Addisvillb, Bucks Co. Pa. 1864. Bodine, 1864-8, Amennan, J. L. 1868- 71, Corner, I. 1871— 1st BEFOBUsn Dtjtoh Ceitbch, Albast, Cobneb of Stats, Habeet, aito CciraT Stbeets. Erected A. D. 1715. Demolished 1806. It incladed within its walls the fllte of a church, the comer-stone of which was laid by Batger Jacobson, 1656. Albany, Albany Co. N.T., cliurclies in : 1. Albany. (Beverwyck, Eensselaerwyck,) State St., 1643. Mejra- polensis, J. 1642-9, (Grasmeer, 1650-1,) Scbaats, 1653-94, (Van Renslaer, 1675-7,) Dellius, 1683-99, supplied by Nucella, 1698-1700, Lydius, 1700-9, (Barclay, Episcop., 1709-13,) Van Driessen, P. 1713-38, Van Schie, 1738-44, FrelingliuyEen, T. 1745-59, Westerlo, * The word church is used in the sense of congregation, without respect to the fact that eeveral congregations were often combined in one ecclesiastical organization, (called colle- giate,) or iB one civil corporation. 5T2 THE CHUECHES. 1760-90, Bassett, 1787-1804, (Bogart, D. S. 1792-6 ?) Jolinson, J. B. 1796-1803, Bradford, J. M. 1805-30, De Witt, J. (Sr.) 1813-15, Ludlow, J. 1833-34, Vermilye, T. E. 1835-9, Kennedy, 1841-55, Rogers, E. P. 1856-63, Clark, K. W. 1863— Chartered 1720. Eng. preacliing begun by Westerlo. See Amsf. Cor. many letters; MunseU's Annals of Albany, 10 vols., 12mo 1850-9 ; Collections on the History of Albany, 3 vols., 8vo, 1865-70 ; Col. Hist. N. Y., see Index — AlEaky, containing many references to the churcli ; Doo. Hist. N. Y., see Index ; Barnes' Settlement and Early Hist, of; Histories of N.Y. State by Smith, O'Callaghan, and Brodhead ; Anderson's Hist, of Colonial Church, (^Episcopal.) See also Bibliography of Pastors Bassett, Wyakoff, Rogers. 3. Albany, (Qer.) 1770? Doll, 1773-5. 3. Albany, 2d, 1815, De Witt, J. (Sr.) 1815-33, (Steele, J. B. sup- plied, 1833,) Ferris, I. 1834-86, WyckofE, I. N. 1836-65, Elmendorf, J. 1865-73, Bartlett, 1873— 4. Albany, 3d, 1834. Holmes, E. 1835-40, Tales, A. (S.S.) 1840-1, Campbell, W. H. 1841-8, Van Brunt, 1848-9, Halloway, (Sr.) 1849- 53, Dickson, 1853-60, Miller, W. H. 1861-3, Bailey, 1863-8, Searle, J. 1808-71, Van Slyke, E. 1871-3, Van Doren, D. K. 1873-5, Campbell, J. B. 1876— 5. Albany, (Hol.) 1855. Houbolt, 1861-4, Babler, P. B. 1865-7, Houbolt, 1871-3, Zwemer, A. 1873-6, Kriekaard, C. 1877-9. 6. Albany, (Gek.) 1855. Scbnellendreussler, 1855-65, Neef, 1865— 7. Albany, (Dudley Ch.) 1859. Dissolved, 1863. 8. Albany Park Chapel, Dusenberre, Ap.-Oct., 18C6. Albany Bush. See Amsterdam. Aliendal. See India. Allegan, Allegan Co. Mich. 1843. Taylor, A. B., Miss, and S.S. 1843-3. Alto, Fon de Lac Co. Wis. 1854. Stobbelaer, 1858-60, Ypma, 1861-3, Pieters, 1865-9, Karsten, 1870— Amelia Court House, Va. See Mattoax. Amersfort, now Flatlanda. Col. Hist. ii. 404. Amity, (Clifton-Park, Eexfordville,) Saratoga Co. N.Y. 1803. Romeyn, Thos. (Jr.) 1806-37, McKelvey, J. 1837-31, Van Wagenen, 1831-4, Chit- tenden, 1834-9, Bronson, A. 1840-3, Halloway, 1843-9, Williamson, G. R. 1849-53, Raymond, 1853-6, Schoonmaker, R. L. 1856-61, See, W. G. E. 1861-8, Letson, 1868— Amity, (Miss, station,) Dwight, M. W. 1833, Murphy, Miss, to, 1830. Amoy. See China. THE CHURCHES. 573 Amsterdam, (Albany Busli,) Montgomery Co. N.T. 1795. Ten Eyck, C. 1799-1803— Presbyterian. Doc. Hist. N. Y. iii. 673, 683. Amsterdam, N.Y. (Union Ch.) 1837, Morris, J., Miss, to, 1837, Stryker, H. B. 1827-33.— iSee Fonda's Bush and Union. Ancram, Columbia Co. N.Y. 1746, supplied by Livingston, J. L. 1779-81, by Lansing, N. 1781-4.— &e OaUatin. iSmith's Hist. W. T. 307. Angelica, Alleghany Co. K.Y. 1797. Gray, A. 1797-1819. Aquackanonck. See Passaic. Akcadia, (Fairville,) Wayne Co. N.Y. 1835. Kevins, 1835-6, Turner, W. E. 1841-8, Whitbeck, J., 1850-3, Snyder, B. F. 1855-6, Turner, 1863-6. Arcot. See India. Argyle, Washington Co. N.Y. 1809, merged in Fort Miller, 1838. Ostran- der, S. (S.S.) two years, Johnson, I. Y. 1817-31, Van Hook, 1833-4, McKelvey, J., Miss, to, 1837, Mair, Miss, to, 1839, Laing, 1833-3. Arnee. See ludia. Arunodaya. See India. AsBURT Paek, Monmouth Co. N.J. 1876. Wilson, F. F. 1876-8, Enos, 1878— Ashokan, now Shokan. Asquach, same as Osquak. Astoria, Queen's Co. L.I. 1839. Bishop, 1840-53, Ten Eyck, W. H. 1853- 74, Haines, 1874— Astoria 2d, 1854. Revived, 1863. Wenisch, 1865-6, Steinfuhrer, 1867— Athens, Greene Co. N.Y. 1836. Abeel, D. 1836-8, Van Cleef, C. 1828-33, Wilson, Jos. 1834-6, Wynkoop, Jef. 1830-40, Holmes, E. 1840-1, Wat- son, J. 1841-4, Cornell, W. A. 1844-8, Talmage, J. R. 1849-50, Betts, (S.S.) 1853-5, Buckelew, 1855-9, Spaulding, 1860-8, Campbell, A. D. 1868— Athens 2d, N.Y. 1859. Spaulding, 1860-6, supplied by De Mund, 1871, 1875. Athens, Bradford Co. Pa. 1858. Todd, A. F. 1858-65, Berry, P. 1865-8, Shaw, J. F. 1868-70. Aurelius, Cayuga Co. N.Y. 1813. Ten Eyck, C. 1818-26. AURIESVILLE, Montgomery Co. K.Y. 1839. Jukes, 1840-4, Roof, 1847-50. Baisic, now Westerlo. 674 THE CHURCHES. Battle Creek, Calhoun Co. Mich. 1855. Schultz, 1855-7, Brown, H. J. 1858-63, Rogers, S. J. 1863-5, Collier, 1. 1866-70, Halloway, W. W. 1873-3, Vander Hart, 1876-7. Bayonne, (Hudson Co. N.J.) churches in: 1. Batonne 1st, 1839, (formerly Bergen Neck.) Boice, 1. C. 1^39-44, Eomeyn, J. 1844-50, Dutcher, 1850-4, Stillwell, 1854-64, Wells, T. W. 1865-73, Stitt, C. H. 1874—. See Taylor's Annals CI. Bergen. 2. Bergen Point, (Bayonne 3d,) 1854. Dutcher, 1854-7, Parker, Chas. 1857-60, Jones, H. W. F. 1860— 3. Bayonne 3d, {Oerman,) 1873. Beach Woods, Tioga Co. N.Y. 1833. Mandeville, G. 1834-6. Beaverdam, Albany Co. N.Y. 1763. Schuyler, 1766-79, supplied also hy Labagh and Bork, 1779-1810, De Voe, 1808-16, Paige, Miss, to, 1832, Van Hook, Miss, to, 1833, Bogardus, C. 1833-5, Blair, Miss, to, 1835, Van Wagenen, 1826-31, Meyers, A. H. 1831-5, Van Kleek, 1835-i3, Demarest, W. 1846-51, Vedder, E. 1851-5, Van Liew, J. C. 1856-00, Miller, E. 1860- 73, Doig, 1872— Beaverdam. See Roxbury. Bbaterdam, Ottawa Co. Mich. 1869. Brock, J. 1871— Bedminster, Somerset Co. N.J. 1758. Hardenbergh, J. E. 1758-81, Romeyn, T. F. 1784-5, Studdiford, P. 1787-1800, Duryee, J. 1800-1, Schureman, 1801-7, Hardenbergh, C. 1808-30, Fisher, I. M. 1831-39, Schenck, G. 1840-53. Brush, W. 1852-65, Pool, 1866-75, McNair, 1876— Beekman, Dutchess Co. N.Y. 1835. Amerman, T. A. (S.S.) 1830-1. Belleville, (Second River,) Essex Co. N.J. 1700. Bertholf, G. (S.S.) 1700-34, Coens, 1735-30, Van Santvoord, C. 1730-3, Haeghoort, 1735-70, Leydt, M. 1779-80, Schoonmaker, H. (S.S.) 1784-94, Stryker, P. 1794- 1809, again 1810-13, Van Santvoord, S. 1814r-38, Abeel, G. 1838-34, Meyers, A. H. 1835-7, Garretson, J. 1837-49, De Mund, 1850-6, Talmage, T. D. W. 1856-9, Studdiford, P. A. 1859-66, Halloway, W. 1867-71, Strong, J. P. 1871 — . See Steam's Hist. Newark, N.J. Taylor's Anruds Classis of Bergen. Bellona. See Benton. Benton, Yates Co. N.Y. 1817. Afterward, Bellona ; occasionally supplied by Duryee, John, from New-Jersey. Wack, C. P. 1831-5. Became Presbyterian. Berba, Orange Co. N.Y. 1819. (This was an offshoot of the Presbyt. Ch. of Goodwill, but became E.D.C. in 1823, in order to secure the services of Mr. Ten Eyck.) Ten Eyck, J. B. 1821-73, Comfort, 1873— THE CnUKCHES. 575 Bergen, 1660. See Jersey City. Bergen Neck, 1829. See Bayonne. Behgeh Point, 1854. See Bayonne. Berksliire Valley, Tioga Co. N.T. 1836. Mandeville, G. 1836-8. Berne, Albany Co. N.T. 1830. Tarbell, Miss, to, 1836, VanWagenen, 1826-31, Cahoone, Miss, to, 1838, Stryker, P. , Miss, to, 1828-9, Meyers, A. H. 1831-5, Van Kleek, 1885-43, Demarest, W. 1846-51, Vedder, 1851-4, Van Liew, J. C. 1856-60, Miller, E. 1860-72, Doig, 1872— Berne 3d, 1830. Van Santvoord, S. (S.S.) 1831-3, Van Arsdale, J. K. 1834-5, Waring, (S.S.) 1836, Knieskern, 1841-5, Middlemas, 1848-54. Ballagh, W. H. 1868-77, Slocum, 1879— Bethel, (Pella,) Marion Co. Iowa, 1866. De Free, 1867-73, Wormser, 1875- 8, Te Winkle, 1878— Bethlehem, Albany Co. N.Y. 1768. Bork, 1798-1803, Overbagh, 1805-C, Westervelt, K. 1808-16, Kissam, 1818-41, Willis, 1842-51, Simonson, 1853-64, Voorliees, H. M. 1865-71, SkUlman, 1872— Bethlehem 2d, 1848. Lansing, J. A. 1848-60, Pearse, 1860— Bethlehem, Albany Co. N. T. Secession, 1834. Bethlehem, Milwaukee Co. Wis. 1850. Beverwyck. See Albany. Blawenburgh, Somerset Co. N.J. 1832. (See Harlingen 2d.) Heermance, Henry, 1883-5, Talmage, J. E. 1837^9, Romeyn, T. B. 1849-65, Fritts, 1865-70, Voorhees, W. B. 1871— Blenheim, 1831, now South-Gilboa. Paige, 1822-7, Salisbury, 1833-4, Bogardus, C. supplied, 1834. Bloomingburgh, Sullivan Co. N.T. 1830. Du Bois, G. 1830-4, Van Vechten, S. 1834^1, Mills, S. W. (S.S.) 1843-3, pastor, 1843-58, Searle, Jer. (Jr.) ia58-63, Du Bois, H. 1863-66, Frazee, J. H. 1866-9, Seattle, R. H. 1870-3, Todd, A. F. 1872-6, Lydekker, G. D. 1877— Bloomingdale. See New-York. Bloomingdale, Ulster Co. N.T. 1796. Smith, T. G. 1799-1808, Hasbrouck, J. E. H. 1809-13, Van Keuren, 1826-35, McFarlane, 1844r-5, Strong, T. C. 1845-9, Snyder, 3. F. 1850-3, Lente, 1855-68, Blauvelt, A. 1866-71, Liebenau, 1874 — Blooming Groyb, Eensselaer Co. N.T. 1814. Marselus, N. J. 1814-22, Taylor, B. C. 1822-5, Dumont, 1826-9, Ostrander, S. 1831-9, Middlemas, 576 TOE CHUECHES. 1840-4, Wynkoop, P. S. 1844-8, Cornell, W. A. 1849-52, Spaulding, 1852- 6, Van Dyck, L. H. 1856-61, Staats, J. A, 1861-6, Ingalls, 1867-77, Van Doren, W. H. 1878— Blue Mountain, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1851. Hillman, 1852-8, Blauvelt, C. J. 1859-63, Buckelew, 1863-70, Freeze, 1873-4, Labaw, 1874— BoARDViLLE, Passaic Co. N.J. (Mission Station, 1854;) organized as a church, 1877 ; Bernart, Miss, to, 1856-77, pastor, 1877— BoGHT, Saratoga Co. N.Y. 1784. Demarest, John, 1790-1803, Bassett, 1805- 11, Bronk, 1813-33, Steele, J. B. 1834^33, Bogardus, C. 1884^8, Pitcher, W. 1840-54, Du Bois, J. 1854-9, Major, 1860-4, Raymond, 1864r-71, Taylor, G. I. 1874r- Boonton, now Montville. BooNTON, Morris Co. N.J. 1868. Durand, 1868-70, Todd, A. F. 1871-3, Vt^ilson, F. F. 1872-6, Conklin, J. W. 1876— Borneo. See India. [Boston, Mass., Mission among the Hollanders, 1859. Bechthold, 1859-66, again 18C8-70, Dutch cong. org. 1873, Vander Kreeke, 1873—] BouNDBROOK, Somerset Co. N.J. 1846. Van Neste, 1847-53, Demarest, W. 1854-7, Voorhees, H. V. 1858-63, Eomaine, B. F. 1863-8, Catcher^ 1868— Bowman's Kill, now Buel. Braymlnville, same as Schoharie Mt. Bebakabin, Schoharie Co. N.Y. 1839. Paige, Miss, to, 1832-6, Evans, \Vm. Miss. to. 1886-7, Quaw, 1834-36, Steele, J. B. (S.S.) 1837, Egglestdn, 1843-5, Van Woert, J. H. 1850-3, See, "W. G. E. 1853-9, Shaffer, T. L. 1860-7, Vandewater, 1867-9, Miller, B. 1873— Bbanchville, Somerset County, N.J. 1850. Dater, 1850-3, Pitcher, W. 1854-79. [Brazil, S. A. Polhemus, J. T. 16. .-54.] Brighton Eights, (Tompkinsville,) Richmond Co. N.T. (see Staten Island,) 1833. Miller, J. E. 1833-47, Thompson, A. B. 1848-51, Brett, P. M. 1851- 60, Hitchcock, 1860-65, Timlow, 1866-8, Watson, T. 1869-71, Enyard, 1873— Bkonxtille, Westchester Co. N.Y. 1850. Stewart, 1850-3, Collier, Jos, 1853-5, Roosevelt, 1857-73, Myers, A. E. 1873-6, Hutchins, 1876— Brookfield, Fairfield Co. Ct. 1869. Roe, 1868-71, Wells, R. 1871-5i Allen, F. E. (S.S.) 1876-7, Bogardus, F. M. 1877-9. till THE CHUECHES, 577 Brooklyn, Kings Co. N.T. (Long Island,) clinrches in : 1. Bhookltn-, (Midwout,) Jeroloman St. 1660. (PolhemuB, J. T. (S.S.) 1656-60.) Selyns, 1660-4, Carl DeBevois, prelector, carried on the services, 1664 ; Polhemus again, 1664r-76, Megapolensis, S. 1664-8, Van Zuuren, 1667-85, Rudolplius Varick, 1685-94, Lupardus, 1695-1702, (Vesey, Epis., 1702-5,) Freeman, 1705- 41, Antonides, 1705-44, Arondeus, 1742-7, Van Sinderin, 1746-84, Curtenius, 1755-6, Eubel, 1759-83, Schoonmaker, M. 1784-1834, Lowe, P. 1787-1808, Johnson, J. B. 1802-1803, Woodhull. 1806-25, Mason, E. 1836-8, Rouse, 1828-33, Dwight, M. 1833-55. Van Gieson, 1855-9, Willetts, 1860-5, Kimball, 1865-74, Dickson, H. E. 1875-7, Vanderveer, D. N. 1878—. See Armt. Cor., many let- ters; StUes? Hist, of BrooJdyn, 3 vols., Svo, 1869-70; Col. Hist. N.Y., see Index; Doc. Hist. N.T. iii. 75 ; Mag. B.D.G. iii. 52 ; Thompson's Hist. L.I. 2. Bedford, or East-Beookltn, Bedford Av., 1847. Lloyd, Miss. to, 1847, Elmendorf, A. 1848-51, Schenck, J. W. 1853-5, West, J. 1855-68, Farmer, 1868-70, Carroll, J. H. 1873-6, Kipp, P. E. 1877— 3. Bergen Hill, 1859-61. Eaird, 1860-61. 4. Bethany Chapel, Hudson Av. Myers, A. E. 1870-1, Griswold, 1871-2, Shaw, A. 1872-7, Whitehurst, 1877— 5. BuSHWlCK, (B(?g'.W,)BushwickAv., 1654. Polhemus, J. T. 1654-76, Selyns, 1660-4, occasionally supplied by Van Zuuren 1677-85, oc- casionally supplied by Varick, 1685-94, occasionally supplied by Lupardus, 1695-1702, Freeman, 1705-41, A^ton^des, 1705-44, Aron- deus, 1743-7, Van Sinderin, 1746-84, Curtenius, 1755-6, Rabel, 1759- 83, Schoonmaker. M. 1784-1824, Lowe, P. 1787-1808, Bassett, 1811- 34, Meeker, 1825-1830, again 1830-76, PoweU,1876— . Hoc. Hist. i. 431. 6. Centenotai. Chapel of 1st Eef . Ch., 3d Av. WyckofF, A. N. 1876-9. 7. Central, or 2d, or Brooklyn Hights, Henry St. 1837. Garretson, J., Misa. to, 1836-7. Van Arsdale, C. C. supplied, 1838-40, Brodhead, 1841-6, McLaren, 1847-49. 8. Chapel on the Hights, 1855. Quackenbush, 1855-9. " 9. Chtiech ON the Hights, Pierpont St., 1851.1 (This was in some respects a continuation of the Central Ch., which Dr. Bethune had supplied from Sept., 1849.) Bethune, 1851-9 Eells, 1860-6, Eddy, 1867-71, Inglis, 1873-7, Mitchell, 1878—. See Dr. Inglia' Hist. Ser., 1876. 37 578 THE CHUECHES. East. See Brooklyn, Bedford. 10. EAST-WILLIAMSB0BGH, 1855. Holmes, J. McC. 1857-9, Pearse, 1859-60, Kip, I. L. 1861-3, Duryea, W. E. 1863-4, Ferris, W. 1873— 11. Fourth, 1841. Williamson, P. S. 1841-3. 13. Gee. EvANG., (St. Peter's, Union Av.,)E.D., 1866. (Formerly Inde- pendent Lutheran, 1853-6 ; Pohle, 1858-9, Zapf, Q. A. P. 1859-63, Hennike, H. 1863-5, Riedenbach, 1865t-6,) Wagner, 1866— 13. Green Point, Kent St., 1848. "Van Nest, A. E., Miss, to, 1848, Ward, J. W. 1849-54, Talmage, G. 1855-63, Peek, G. H. 1863-5, A'an Qieson, 1866-7, McKelvey, A. 1867-73, Francis, 1873— See G. Talmage' s Publications. 14. Lee Avenue, 1855. Halloway, W. W. 1855-9, Holmes, J. McC. 1859-64, Willets, 1865-6, Hicks, 1867-8, Carroll, 1869-73. 15. Middle, Harrison St., 1846. Oakey, 1847-9, Talmage, J. B. 1850-3, Smith, N. E. 1858-68, IngersoU, Jan. 1869— 16. Myrtle Av. Miss. 1868. Noble, 1868-9. 17. :S:E,vr, (Ger.) 1851. Dickhaut, 1854^66, Heyser, 1867-70, Suckow, 1870— 18. North, Clermont Av., 1851. Elmendorf, A. 1851-65, Enyard, 1865-73, Thompson, A. E. 1873— North-Gowanus, 1850. Now Twelfth St. 19. North-Sixth St. Mission, 1858. 30. South, Third Av., 1840. Van Arsdale, C. C. supplied, 1840-1, Woodbridge, 1841-50, Eowland, 1853, Manning, 1854r-73, Myers, H. V. S. 1874— 31. Sotjth-Bushwick, Bushwick Av., 1851. Himrod, 1851-9, Wort- man, 1860-3, Hartranft, 1864-6, Voorhees, H. V. 1867-9, Hulst, 1869— 33. Twelfth St., 1850. (Formerly North-Gowanus.) Pierce, 1S51- 75, Gulick, U. D. 1875— 38. WiLLlAMSBUKGH, (Fourtli St. until 1869 ; now Bedford Avenue,) 1839. Demarest, Jas. (Sr.) 1839-39, Van Doren, W. H. 1840-9, Porter, E. S. 1849— THE CIIUIJCHES. STO Ekformed CHtntcH op Williamsbukgh. Broome, Sclioliarie Co. N.T. 1822. Paige, 1822-36. Brown Settlement, Orange Co. N.Y. 1851. Bernart, 1851-4. Brunswick, (Copperas,) Peoria Co. 111. 1840. Sill, 1841-9, Presbyt. Buckbrook, Sullivan Co. N.T. 1858. An out-station of Callicoon since 1863. Buel, (Bowman's Kill,) Montgomery Co. N.T. 1837. Starks, 1840-2, Clark, W. (S.S.) 1843-4. Buffalo, Erie Co. X.T. 1838. Seattle, Jobn, 1838-44, Mabon, W. V. V., Miss, to, 1644-6. — Disbanded. Buffalo, (Hoi.) 1853. Wust, 1855-6, Kasse, 1861-4, Boer, 1876— Buffalo, 1855. See, J. L., Miss, to, 1854^, pastor, 1855-61.— Disbanded. Burlington, Des Moines Co. Iowa, 1853. Madoulet, 1853-5, Mtiller, J. 1858-60. Bushkill, Pa. See Walpack, Lower. BusHNELL, McDonougb Co. 111. 1856. Livingston, E. P. 1858-70, Wyckoff, J. 1871^. Bodine, 1874-9. Bdshwick, (Boght,) 1654. See Brooklyn. 580 THE CHURCHES. Buskirk's Bridge, (Union of Sinthaik and Tiossiock,) Wasliington Co. N.Y. 1790. Froeligb, P. D. 1803-7, Ostrander, S. 1810-31, Van Hook, Miss, to, 1833, Switz, 1823-9, Quaw, Miss, to, 1839, Pitcher, J. H. 1833-43, Heermance, liar. 1843-5, Searle, S. T. 1848-50, Shaw, J. B. 1853-9, Gardner, T. A. 1862-7, Purbeck, 1867-75, Ogden, 1876— Caatsban, (Saugeriies, West-Camp,) Ulster Co. N.T. 1730. Supplied by Weiss, Mancius, Rysdyck, Quitman, De Ronde, Kitzema, and Fryenmoet, 1730-i;8, Van Vlierden, 1794-1802, Demarest, Jas. D. 1807-8, Ostrander, H. 1812- 63, Collier, I. H. 1862-4, Chapman, N. F. 1864r-7, Searle, S. 1874— Strictly, the old organization of Caatsban removed to Saugerties, and a new church was organized at Caatsban, 1839. See Saugeriies. Caatsban Church was included at some time in the general charter of Kingston. In 1767, when a new line between the Counties of Albany and Ulster was run, Caatsban petitioned the Assembly to be allowed to remain a part of the corporation of Kingston. — Journal of AsserrMy, 1767, p. 41. Caledonia, {Madison,) Dane Co. Wis. 1843. Slingerland, 18v4-G. CALLicooif, (Thumansville,) Sullivan Co. N.T. 1856. Eoehrer, 1862-<3, Schnellendreussler, 1866-9, Elterich, 1871-5, Searle, S. I. 1874— Canada, churches in : Adolphustown, 1798. McDowell, 1800-19. Andriestown, (N.Y. 1) 1798. Aussenburg, 1806. Bay of Cante, or Quinte, 1798. McDowell, Miss, to, 1798-1800. Coenradstown, (N.Y. ?) 1798. Elizabethtown, 1798; embracing Augusta and Yonge as stations. Kirby, 1801- . . Ernesttown, 1798. McDowell, 1800-19. Fredericksburg, 1798. McDowell, 1800-19. Hallowell, 1816. Now Pictou. Kleinville, 1809. Little Tork, 1810. Burned in war of 1812. Now Toronto, embracing twelve churches in 1876. Markham, 1806. Matilda, 1798. Osnaburg, 1803. Sopliiasburg, 1810. Sydney, 1809. Williamsburgh, 1798. A German church 35 miles north of York, 1806. (Now Toronto.) In 1819, Kev. C. D. Schermerhorn is represented as ready to join Mc- Dowell and settle in Canada, and in 1823, as actually settled there in Talbot Street, Toronto See Domestic Missions. Also Mag. S.D.O. i. 34. For Canadian Church History, see Life and Times of Robert Burns, D.D., McDowell was general missionaiy to all these Canadian churches. THE CHUECHES. 581 pnb. by Campbell & Son, Toronto ; Kemp's Digest of the Minutes of the Syn. of Presbyt. Ch. Canada, (the Free Church;) pub. by John Lovell, Montreal, 1861. Historical Statistical Report of the Presbj-t. Ch. of Canada, in connection with the Ch. of Scotland, for the year 1866 ; pub. by Lovell, Montreal, 1867. The Year Book of the Dofiainion of Canada, 1875. History of Foreign Missions of the Secession and United Presbyt. Ch. by Rev. Dr. John McKerrow, has muchi reliable Canadian Church History in it. (Edinburgh, Scotland.) Mr. H. M. McCollum is now -writing an elabo- rate series of articles in the Canada Presbyterian on Canadian Church His- tory, with many interesting references to the R.D. missionaries. Camp. See East-Camp, West-Camp, Caatsban. Smith's N.T. 199. Doc. Hist. iu. 383-393. Canajoharie, (on Sand Hill,) Montgomery Co. N.T. 1750. Rosencrantz, A. 1756-8, again 1765-94, Loppius, (or Lupp?) 1770-177., Kennipe, 177.—. ., Broeffle, 1784-8, Peck, D. C. A. 1788-96, Gross, 1796-1803, Labagh, I. 1800-8, Wack, J. J. 1805-16, Toll, 1805-15, Hasbrouck, J. R. H. 1830-36. See Fort Plain, 1831. Doe. Mint. i. 340. The churches of Canajoharie, Fort Plain, and Stone Arabia, were buru^d, 1780. Canajoharie (independent,) 1816. Wack, J. J. 1816-37. CanajoTiarie, Scceder, {Waterlo and Middletown,) 1833. ToU, 1833-43. Canajohakie, 1837. Van Olinda, supply, 1837-30, Wells, R. 1830-4, Van Kleek, 1834r^, Robertson, 1837-8, Dunning, 1843^, McFarlaue, 1845-8, DeWitt, J. 1848-9, Chapman, N. F. 1849-53, Hammond, E. S. (S.S.) 1854-6, Romaine, (S.S. 1857-9,) 1859-63, Van Zandt, B. 1863-9, Williams, R. R. 1870— Canaksie, L.I. {Ger.) 1877. Dickhaut, 1877— Cahastota, Madison Co. N.T. 1833. Gregory, T. B. (S.S.) 1834r^, Strycker, P. (S.S.) 1836, Goetschius, S. Z. (S.S.) 1836-7, Hyde, Orin, Presbyt. (S.S.) 1837. Van Santvoord, C. S. 1838-9, (White A. (S.S.) Pres.,) 1839-40, Rand, 1841^, Drake, 1845-53, Gaston, A. H. (S.S.) Pres. 1855-6, Bogardus, N. (S.S.) 1858-9, Garretson, J. 1859-61, (Little, Jas. A. (S.S.) Pres.) 1861-3, Wurts, 1863-8, Lockwood, J. H. 1871-4, Wurts, (S.S.) 1877— Caroline, Tompkins Co. JT.T. 1800. Mandeville, G. 1803-4. Cakoline, 1831. Wack, C. P. 1831, Tarbell, 1833-40, Gates, 1843-50; Whitbeck, J. 1853-68. Castleton, Rensselaer Co. N.T. 1853. Stimpson, E. P. 1853-61, Heer. mance, E. L. 1861-9, Mills, G. A. 1870— Catlin, Cayuga Co.? N.T. 1831. Rogers, L. 1833-3. Cato, Cayuga Co. N.T. 1818. De Praest, 1833-6, Wynkoop, R. S. Miss, to, 1837, Stevenson, Miss, to, 1838, HofEman, 1831-48, Knight, R. W. 1845- 582 THE CHURCHES. 53, Morse, A. G. 1857-9, Watson, T. G. 1861-9, Swick, 1869-71, Van Dover, J. H. 1874-6, Wells, R. 187C— Cato, Seceder, 1837. Gatskill, (Old,) now Leeds. Census for 1730, in Doe. Skt. i. 344. Catskill, Greene Co. N.Y. 1833. Wyckoff, I. N. 1838-6, Romeyn, Jas. 1836-41, Murdock, 1843-51, Van Gieson, 1853-5, Welch, 1856-9, Lansing, J. A. 1860-6, Horton, 1867-73, Thompson, J. B. 1874— Caughnawaga. * See Fonda. Cedak Grove, (formerly Holland,) Sheboygan Co. Wis. 1854. Beidler, Miss, to, 1855, Vander ScUuuer, 1855-6, Van Lieuwen, 1857-9, Vander- meulen, J. C. 1861-3, Stoblelar, 1864-73, Borgers, 1874— Centbrville, St. Joseph Co. Mich. 1843. (Ketchum, Miss, to, 1836,) Mc- Neiah, 1844^6, Seeher, 1847-8, Minor, 1848-50, Schultz, J. N. 1853-5, Kershow, 1855-65, Van Vranken, A. H. 1865— Central Bridge, (Howe's Caveij) Schoharie Co. N.Y. 1875. Millspangh, 1876-8. Ceylon. See India. Charleston, S.C. (station.) Lyall,Wm. 1865-6. CUarlestown, Montgomery Co. N.Y. 1797. WyckofF, H. V. 17. .-1803, Van Buren, P. 1805-.., Hasbrouck, J. R. H. 1830-6, Morris, J., Miss, to, 1837-9, Chittenden, Miss, to, 1831-3. Charlestown 3d, 1803. Wyckoff, H. V. 1803-30, Van Keuren, Miss, to, 1834. Oharlestown, Seceder, 1833. Wyckoff, H. V. 1833-9. Charlestown Zd, Seceder, 1834. Charlestown, Independent, 1839. Wyckoff, H. V. 1839-31 ? . Chatham, Columbia Co. N.Y. 1843. Porter, E. S. 1843-9, Williamson, N. D. 1850-1, Schenck, J. W. 1851-3, Holmes, E. 1853-9, Mead, 1859-70, Campbell, JaB. B. 1870-3, Van Arsdale, N. H. 1874— I Chenango, (near Binghamton,) Broome Co. N.Y. 1794. See Union. Doc. Hist. \\i. 637-634. ■ Cherry Hill, Bergen Co. N.J. 1870. Wood, C. W. 1877-9, Graham, 1879— . Cherrytown (station,) Ulster Co. N.Y. Higgins, (S.S.) 1878-9. ' Chester, now Westerlo. . Chicago, {Hoi.) Cook Co. 111. 1853. Vandermeulen, C. 1859-60, Bolks, i 1861-3, Klyn, 1863-8, DeBey, 1868— THK CHUKCOES. 583 Chicago 2d, (Am. Eef. Ch.) 1854. Ferris, J. M. 1854-63, Williamson, N. D. ■ 1863-S, Demarest, Jas. (Jr.) 1866-71, Gulick, V. D. 1872-5. Cliina, (Mission to, organized 1844.) The territory of this Mission, 1878, is • about 60 miles in length, and from 7-14 in breadth, and contains a popu- lation of about 3,000,000 sools. Churches and stations in : Amot, 1849. Lo-Tau, (pastor,) 1863-9, Chhoa, 1871— AsiOT 2d, 1860. Tap Han Chiong, (pastor,) 1863— Canton. Abeel, D. Feb.-Dec. 1830. Chioh-be, 1859. Tiong Tuli, 1872— , Ang-thun-thau. CHiANG-Cnitr, 1871. HoxG San, 1870. (Formed by the union of Ang-thun-thau and Te-Soa stations.) Kangthau. Kolongsoo. Abeel D. 1843-5. Macao. Abeel, D. 1839^1. Mapeng. Okang, 1864. (Formed by the union of Kanthau and Opi stations.) Opi. Sio-Ke Chapel, 1877. Te-Soa. TONG-Alf, 1871. Peh-chui-ia. Missionaries who have labored in the Amoy mission : Abeel, D. 1842-45. Doty, 1844^-65. Pohlman, 1844-9. Talmage, John, 1847— Joralmon, 1855-9. Ostrom, 1858-63. Eapalje, 1858— Kip, 1861— Blauvelt, 1862-4. Van Uoren, 1865-73. Davis, J. A. 1869-70. Talmage, D. M. 1877 — See Foreign Missioris. Chittenango, Madison Co. N.T. 1828. Taylor, H. 1839-30, Campbell, Vf. H. 1831-3, Yates, A. 1833. Slingerland, 1833-4, Hoes, 1835-7, Abeel, 1840- 54, Hastings, 1856-60, Talmage, J. R. 1860-9, Enders, 1870— Chittoor. See India. Chukonot, now Florida. 584 THE CH0ECHES. Cicero, Onondaga Co. N.Y. 1837. Seely, 1840-4, Liddell, supplied, 1848-9, Williamson, .N. D. 1849-50, Da Bois, J. 1850-4, Gray, J. 1856-7, Ed- mondson, 1879 — CliAUKSTowN, (New-Hempstead,) Eockland Co. N.T. 1750. Verbryck, 1750-84, Lansing, N. 1784-1830, Hunt, 1830-3, Warner, A. H. 1832-7, Quick, P. J. 1837-06, Lippincott, 1866-73, Schenck, F. S. 1873-7, Strang, 1877— Glarlcstown, Secession, 1825. Lansing, J. V. S. 1836, BrinkerhofF, J. G. 1830-40, Van Houten, 1858-63. Claeksvillb, Albany Co. N.T. 1854. Lansing, A. G. 1858-63, Slauson, 1862-6, Ballagli, W. H. (S.S.) 1868-9, Westveer, 1869-71, Pearse, N. 1873-7. Clabtvillb, (Upper Neversink,) Sullivan Co. N.T. 1849. Bemart, 1851-G, Jones, D. A. 1858-63, Hammond, J. W. 1863-7, Turner, W. E. (S.S.) 1867-73. Claverack, Columbia Co. N.T. 1716. Van Driessen, J. 1727-8, (Erickson supplied, 1731-2, and Van Scbie, 1733-43,) Van Hovenberg, 1743-56, Fryen- moet, 1756-70, (supplied by Cock, 1770-6,) Gebhard, 1776-1836, Sluyter, 1816-43, Boice, I. C. 1844^9, Van Qieson, 1859-65, Zabriskie, F. N. 1866- 73, Scbenck, J. W. 1873—. See Smith's N. Y. 307. Claverack 2d, or, Mellenville, 1838. (Supplied by Sluyter, 1838-43, and by Wynkoop, P. S. 1842,) Vandervoort, 1843-5, Himrod, 1845-51, Pitclier, J. H. 1853-61, Sebring, 1863— Cleveland, Oswego Co. N.T. 1850. Hall, D. B. 1850-3, Jones, N. W. 1853-4. Presbyt. 1856. Cleveland, Cuyahoga Co. O. (Hoi.) 1864. Kasse, 1864-8, Womsbuis, J 1868-71, De Beer, 1872-4, Broek D. 1875-6, Woomser, 1878— Clifton Park, now Amity. Clinton, Hunterdon Co. N.T. 1866. Van Doren, J. A. 1866-73, Van Am- burgb supplied, Cleveland, 1877 — Clintonville, now Irvington. Closter City, Bergen Co. N.J. 1863. Hammond, E. S., Miss, to, 1863-4, Blauvelt, C. J. 1866-9, Van Buskirk, 1869— Clove, (Deckertown,) Sussex Co. N.J. 1788. Supplied by Eomeyn, T. (Sr.) 1760-71, as a station. Van Bunscbooten, E. 1788-1812. In 1818, Pres- , byterian. Clove, Dutcliess Co. N.T. 1769. Supplied by Eysdyck and the ministers of Hopewell. THE CHUECHES. 685 Clove, Ulster Co. N.T. 1807. Mandeville, Gar. (S.S.) 1789-1802, Wester- velt, R. 1807-8, Murpli^f, 1814-35, Morse, B. T., Miss, to, 1828, Westfall, B.B. 1828-34, Eniglit, 1838, Alliger, 1840-3, Lillie, Jas. 1844-5, Depuy, 1846-53, Evans, 1853-6, Jones, N. W. (S.S.) 1856, Voorliees, J. N. 1857- 66, Van Arsdale, X. H. 1867-74, Vroom, 1874^ Clovbe Hill, Hunterdon Co. N.J. 1834. Schancb, G. C. 1835-7, Demarest, W. 1838-40, (Presbyt. 1840-63,) Voorliees, "W. B. 1864-71, Oliver, 1871— Cltmbb, Chautauqua Co. X.T. 1853. Dunnewold, 1853-68, Renskers, 1868— Cltmbk Village, Chautauqua Co. N.Y. 1869, (called the Abbe Church, in honor of Mrs. L. M. Abbe, of Albany, who gave $1800 to the church,) VTestveer, 1871-3, Jongeneel, 1873-6, Te Winkle, Feb.-Aug. 1876, Warn- shuis, J. W. 1876-8, Renskers, 1878— COBLESKILL, Schoharie Co. N.T. 1835. Evans, W., Miss, to, 1836, Ray- mond, 1829-32, Quaw, 1834-6, Lockhead, 1839-44, Spaulding, 1846-9, Hidl, D.B. 1853-5. COETMANS, Albany Co. X.Y. 1793. Sickles, 1796-1800, Overhagh, 1805-6, Westervelt, R. 1808-16, Kissam, 1818-39, Van Santvoord, S 1839-30, Fort, 1830-1, Amerman, T. A. 1831-3, Edwards, 1834, Murphy, 1843-3, Kissam, 1843-5, Cornell, J. A. H. 1845-8, Peltz, 1848-51, Davies, 1853-5, Gardiner, H. B. 1856-60, Collier, I. 1860-6, Bahler, L. H. 1867-9, Mead, E. 1870-3, Cornell, J. A. H. 1873— COHOES, Albany Co. N.T. 1837. Lockhead, 1838-9, Van Buren, J 1840-1, Myer, 1841-6, Gray, J. 1847-8, Waldron, 1849-79. Cold Spring, Putnam Co. N.T. 1855. Harris, 1856-7, Laremore, (S.S.) 1860, Eomondt, (S.S.) 1862, Phraner, 1863-6, Sherwood, (S.S.) 1867-.., Vandeventer, I. C. 1873-5, Shaw, W. A. (S.S.) 1878— College Poikt, L.I. 1872. Fairchild, 1873-79, Berg, H. C. 1879— Colt's Neck, Monmouth Co. N.T. 185G. Wyckofi, J. S. 1856-64, Bolton. 1865-78, Hendrickson, 1878— Columbia, Herkimer Co. ? N.T. 1798. Columbia, Herkimer Co. N.T. 1833. Rawls, 1833-3, Ketchum, Miss, to, 1836-7, Hangen, 1830-3, Noe, (S.S.) 1835, De Voe, 1836-9, Ackerson, 1841- 3, Starks, 1843-3, Hall, D. B. (S.S.) 1844r-8, Murphy, 1853-4, James, 1854^, Hammond, E. S. 1856-8, Aurand, 1860-3, Compton, 1871-6, Stan- brough, (S.S.) 1876— Columbiaville, (Station,) Garretson, J., Miss, to, 1836-7. Conbsville, (see Schoharie Kill,) 1838. Bogardus, C. 1838-43, Kerr, 1845-6. 586 THE CHURCHES. Conewago, Adams Co., (or York Co. ace. tcfCenten. Disc. 528,) Pa. 1783. (Boehme, C. L. 1775-81,). Gray, A., Miss, to, 1793, Cornelison, Miss, to, 1794, '(Gobreclit,, 1793-1806.) Ger. Ref! Conewago. Erroneously "for Caughnawaga, ' Jf-G'./S. i. 45, 114, etc. CONSTANTINB, St.. Josepli -Co. Mipli. 1843. Bennet, 1843-5, McNeish, 1846- ' 9, Jones, D. A..18S0-3, McNeisli', 1853-4, Bailey, 1856-63, iBeardslee, 1864— ' Copperas, now Brunswick. CormTLANDTOWN, (Montrose,) Westchester Co. N.Y. 1729;^ Ritzema sup- plied, 1744-76, ; church burned ; ' Van' Voorhees, S. 1785-8, organized anew, 1793 ;' Manley, W. 1800-6, Hgfeman, A. 181X)-30, Kirkwood, 1833- 6, We'stbrook, 1836-50, Lockwood,' 1850-3, Steele, J. B. 1853-7, St. John, (S.S.) 1858-65, Anderson, W. H. 1865-6, Van Wyck, P. 1867-8, Garret- ■ SOB, J. 1869-73; Tlibmpson, J. B. 1873-r4, "Harper, 1875— Cosliington, Delaware Co. N.Y. 1794. See Middletown and Paghkaghtan. Mints. Gen. Byn. i. 448. CoxsACKiE, Greene Co. N.Y. 1733. Weiss ? 1733-6, Schuneman, 1753-94, Sickles, 1791-1801, Ostrander, H. 1801-10, Livingston, G. R. 1811-36, Searle, J. (Sr.) 1836-51, Peltz, 1851-7, Dutcher, 1857-8, Hastings, 1860-70, Hansen, 1871— CoxsACKiE 3d, 1833. Cahoone, 1834-46, Van Cleef, P. D. 1846-9, Wood- bridge, 1850-2, Steele, J. 1853-8, Zabriskie, F. N 1859-63, McKelvey, A. 1865-6, Collier, E. W. 1866-7, Munn, 1868-77, Lansing, J. A. (S.S.) 1877, Salisbury, J. H. 1878— Cranesville, N. Y. 18. . CnDDEBACKViLi.E, Orange Co. N.Y. 1854. Morris, H. 1855-63, Winter, 1863-6, Zabriskie, Jer. L. 1866-70, Bogardus, W. E. 1870-4, DuBois, J. 1874— CuRBYTOWN, (Root,) Montgomery Co. N.Y. 1795. Hasbrouek, J. R. H. 1836-30, Hangen, 1830-3, Heermance, Har. 1837-40, Frazee, 1840-3, Carle, 1848-51, Buckelew, 1853-5, Quick, J. J. 1855-61, Compton, (SiS.) 1864r-8, Van Doren, D. K. 1868-73, Ackerman, 1874— Danforth, Iroquois Co. 111. 1869. Duiker, 1873-4, Meulendyke, 1879— Danube, same as Indian Castle. Danube, Seceder, Herkimer Co. N.Y. 1833. Goetschius, S. Z. 1833-4. Danville, Alleghany Co. N.Y. 1797. Gray, A. 1797-1819. Dashville Falls, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1831. Quaw, 1831-4, Markle, 1863-4, Liebeneau, 1867-8, Deyo, 1870-3, Todd, W. N. 1874— THE CHUEOHES. 587 Davenport, Scott Co. Iowa, 1859. Drury, Miss, to, 1861-3, Vanderveer, C. a. 18G0-6, Vroom, W. H. 1867-9, Peeke, ,G, H. 1869-73, Decker, 1873-6. Day, Saratoga Co. N.Y. 1843.- Lansing, J. A. (S.S.) 1845-8, Voorliees, J. N. (S.S.) 1848-9, James, 1850-3, Case, 1855-7. Dekrpark, (Maliackeuiack,) at Port Jervis, Orange Co. N.Y. 1737. Or- ganized and supplied by Mancius, 1737-41 ; Fryenmoet, 1741-56, Eomeyn, T. 1760-73, Van Banschooten, E. 1785-1799, Demarest, Jolin, 1803-8, Eltinge, C. C. 1810^3, Van Wyck, G. P. 1844-53, Slauson, 1853-7, MUls, S. W. 1858-71, Eogers, S. J. 1873-6, Voorliees, H. M. 1877-9, Tal- mage, G. 1879 — . See Slauson-s and Mills' Hist. Discs. Delaware River Missions, 1790. Kuypers, W. P. 1792r-3, Ames, 1814. Detroit, Mich. 1875. Boer, Miss, at, 1874Mj, Kickentveldt, 1876— Dingman's Ferry, Pike Co. Pa. See Walpack, Upper. Dorlacli, SchoLarie Co. N.T. 1771. See Sharon. Dover, Dutchess Co.? N.T. 1769. Supplied hy Rysdyck and the ministersof Hopewell. Van Voofhees,' supplied, .1774. On Nov. 31, 1774, the Con- siatory of N.Y.C. sent them a present of a lot of , hymn-books. Drenthe, (Vriesland,) Ottawa Co. Mich. 1851. Smit, 1851-3, Pieters, 1861- 5, Huyssoon, 1865-6, Moerdyk, W. 1869-73, Vanderveer, 1875— Duanesborough, Schenectady Co. N.Y. 1834. Daanesburg, Schenectady Co. N.Y. 1799. DuNKiKK, Chautauqua Co. N.Y. 1867. Durham, (Oak Hill,) Greene Co. N.Y. 1798. Labagh, P. 1798-1809, Vanl Zandt, P. 1833, Ostrander, S. 1834r-31. Dyse's Manor, (Prattsville, Windham.) East-Camp, now Germantown.— Doc. Hist N. T. iii. 383-393, 598 East-Indies. See India. Eastmanville, Mich. See Polkton. East-Millstone, Somerset Co. N.J. 1855. Vander Wall, 1856-8, Cole, D. 1858-63, Berger, 1863-6, Pbraner, 1866-70, McWilliam, 1870— See CoU'a Decennial Sermon. East New-York, L.I. 1839. Campbell, W. H. 1839-41, Schoonmaker, M. V. 1843-9, Strong, J. P. 1850-4, Mann, 1856-68, Blauvelt, C. E. 1868-74, Hill, 1875— 588 THE CnUECHKS. Easton, Washington Co. N.T. 1815. Durjee, P. H. 1802-30, Fonda, J. D. 1830-30, Pitcher, J. H. 1833-8, Bronson, A. 1838-9, Newton, (S.S.) 1844, Jones, D. A. 1844^8, Morris, 1850-5, Cochran, 1863-9, Meyers, A. H. 1873-5. Easton, Northampton Co. Pa. 1851. Knox, J. H. M. 1851-3, Edgar, 1853— East-Ohanse, Sioux Co. Iowa, 1877. Warnshuis, J. W. 1878— East Otteryssel, Allegan Co. Mich. 1872. East-Williamsburgh, 1855. See Brooklyn. EAST-WiLLiAMSOsr, Wayne Co. N.T. 1870. [This ch. was org. as a Presbyt. ch., by the Presbytery of Steuben, N.Y. Jan. 19, 1847. Pastors, John DeVisser, an elder ord. and installed Ap. 28, 1847-8, d. Veenhuizen, Nov. 1853-4, Nov., supply ; pastor, 1854-63, when pastor and people . united with Ref. Ch of Pultneyville. This union and pastorship con- tinued till Ap. 1870, when East- Williamson separated as a Bef. ch.] Veen- huizen, 1870— Ebenezer, (Holland,) Ottawa Co. Mich. 1867. Kuyper, A. C. 1807-77. Ebenezer, (Oregon,) Ogle Co. 111. (Formerly Paine's Point and White Rock.) Watermuelder, 1874 — Eden, Fon du lac Co. Wis. 1859. Kershow, 1865-7. Ellenville, Ulster Co. N;T. 1840. Ayres, 1841-54, Bentley, 1855— EUenville 2d, 1855. Piister, 1856-63. Eminence, now Summit. EsrcaisH NEiOHB0RH0OD,(Bergen Co. N.J 1770. Lydekker, 1770-6, Cor- nelison, 1793-1806, Polhemus, H. 1809-13, Demarest, C. T. 1818-34, Abeel, G. 1834-8, Duryee, P. 1839-48, McFarland, 1848-53, Taylor, A. B, 1855— English Ndgliborhood, Secession, 1833, Brinkerhoff, J. G. 1834, Demarest, C. T. 1834-51, Blauvelt, C. J. 1853-60. Ephbatah, Fulton Co. N.Y. 1831. Morris, J., Miss, to, 1837-9, Ketchum, Miss, to, 1833-6, Westfall, B. B. 1837-44, Jukes, 1844-50, Van Liew, J. C. 1850-6, Smith, W. H. 1865-8, Compton, 1808-9, Van Benschoten, 1873— Esopus, now Kingston. Esopus, (Klein Esopus,) Ulster Co. N.T. 1791. Smith, T. G. 1799-1808, Has- brouck, J. R. H. 1809-13, Van Hook, Miss, to, 1833, Van Keuren, 1835-36, Fort, 1836-53, Taylor, W. 1853-4, McFarlane, 1855-61, Myers, A. H. (S.S.) 1863-5, Garretson, J. 1865-6, Voorhis, J. N. 1867— Fairfield, (Horseneck or Gansegat,) Essex Co. N.J. 1730. Supplied by the neighboring pastors, 1730-60, Blauw, (Conferentie,) supplied, 1763-8, THE CHUECHES. 589 Meyer, H. 1773-85, Leydt, M. 1779-80, supplied by Duryee, John, 1801-17, Neal, 1817-22, Stryker, H.. B. 1823-7, Ogilvie, 1837-32, Ray- mond, 1833-5, Bronsou, 1836-8, Wilson, Jos. 1838-45, Quick, J. J. 1845-9, WUson, Jos. 1849-73, Sebring, 1873-7, (supplied by Smitb, Mortimer, Ap.-Oct. 1877, Pockman, 1878—. See Berry's Hist, of Preabt. Gh. of Cald- weU. N.J. 1871. Fatr Haven, (Woolcot,) Cayuga Co. N.Y. 1847. Knigbt, R. W. 1849-52, MiiUer, 1854^7, Gates, C. 1857-9, Watson, T. G. 1862-4, Bartbolf, 1864-8, Southard, 1869— Faikvie-w, Fulton Co. III. 1837. Wilson, A. D. (S.S.) 1838-41, pastor, 1841-56, Anderson, Wm. 1856-9, Joralmon, 1860— Fairville, 17. .-.. See Arcadia. Fallsburgh, (Neversink, Woodboume,) Sullivan Co. N.T. 1802. Reorgan- ized, 1827, Boyd, J. H., Miss, to, 1827-8, Gray, J. 1833-5, Eggleston, 1836-7, Daryee, I. G. 1846-51, Eltinge. C. D. 1851-2, Searle, J. 1853-61, Connitt, 1862-^, Brown, W. S. 1867— Faemer Village, Seneca Co. X.T. 1830. Gregory, O. H. 1831-8, Bassler, 1840-65, Brush, W. W. 1866-8, Zabriskie, A. 1868-9, Forsyth, Jas. C. 1870-5, Furbeck, P. 1875— Fayette, Seneca Co. X.Y. 1817. Vanderveer J., Miss, to, 1823, Morris, J., Miss, to, 1824-5. Ferrysburg, Ottawa Co. Mich. 1877. Feura Bush, now Jerusalem. FiSHKiLL, Dutchess Co. X.T. 1716. Van Driessen, supplied occasionally, 1727-31, Van Schie, 1731-8, Meinema, 1745-55, or 58, Van Nist, 1758-61, Schoonmaker, H. 1763-74, Rysdyck, 1772-89, (1773, Eng. and Dutch began to be used alternately,^ Froeligh, S. also supplied, 1776-80, Blauvelt, I. 1788-90, Van Vranken, N. 1791-1804, Westbrook, 1806-30, Fisher, G. H. 1830-5, Kip, F. L. 1836-70, Kipps, P. E. 1870-4, Anderson, A. 1875— Amst. Cor.; JDoc. Hist. iii. 589. Smith's N. T. 509. Kip's Mist. Disc. Brinkerhoff, T. V.M.yHisi. of FisTikUl, 1877. FISHKILL■ON-THE-HuDSO^'^, 1822. Heyer, 1833-51, Quackenbush, 1851-5, Suydam, 1857-63, Kimball, 1863-5, Berger, 1866-9, Berry, J. R. 1869-70, Fritts, 1870— Fiskill-on-the-Hudson Chapel, Denniston, 1866-8. Flatbtjsh, (Midwout,) L.I. 1654. Polhemus, J. T. 1654-76, (assisted by Megapolensis, J. 1664r-9,) Van Zuuren, 1677-85, (Clark, Jas. 1685-95,) ? Varick, 1685-95, Lupardus, 1695-1702, Freeman, 1705-41, Antonides, 1705-44, Arondeus,1742-7, Van Sinderin, 1746-84, Curtenius, 1755-6, Kubel, 590 THE CHUECHES. 1759-83, Sclioonmaker, M. 1784-1834, Lowe, 1787-1818, Monteitli, 1819-30, Strong, T. M. 1833-61, assistant, E. G. Strong, 1858-60, Wells, C. 1861—. Strong's EM. of Flatbuah. Flatbush Mission, 1871. Strong, K. G. 1871-3, Wright, C. S. 1877— FLATBUsn 3d, 1874. Friedel, 1875— Flatbush, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1807. Overbagli, 1809-41, Brodhead, 1837-41, Demarest, D. D. 1841-3, Watson, J. 1844-7, Hulbert, 1848-53, Qosman, 1854-9, Minor, 1859-64, Merritt, 1865-73, Anderson, A. 1873-5, Demarest, J. S. N. 1876— Flatlands, (Amersfort, Midwout,) L.I. 1654. Polhemus, J. T. 1654r-76, (assisted by Megapolensis, J. 1664-9,) Van Zuuren, 1677-85, Varick, 1685- 94, Lupardus, 1695-1703, Antonides, 1705-44, Arondeus, 1743-7, Van Sinderin, 1746-84, Curtenius, 1755-6, Rubel, 1759-83, Schoonmaker, 1784- 1834, Lowe, P. 1787-1818, Monteitli, 1819-20, Cruikshank, 1834-34, Bald- win, 1836-52, Davie, 1853-61, Doolittle, T. S. 1862-4, Brett, C. 1865-9, Dec, DuBois, A. 1870—. Boc. Hist. i. 431. Flats, now Rbincbeck. Flats, (German Flats, Great Flats, or Fort Herkimer,) Herkimer Co. N.T. 1758. Bosencrantz, H. 1765-94, Peck, D. C. A. 1788-96, Spinner, 1803-48, Center, 1834^6, Pitcher, J. H. 1831-3, Murphy, 1837-9, Stark, 1843-4. " Great Flats" was a name given to the Flats along the Mohawk, extend- ing from Schenectady to Utica. Flats, Seeeder, 1835. Palmer, 1835-9. Florida, (Chukonot, Eemsen Bush, Minaville,) Montgomery Co. N.T. 1784 Eomeyn, T. 1800-6, Paige, 1808-30, Rouse, 1823-8, Stevenson, 1839-54, Clancy, 1855-60, Krum, 1861-5, Lane, 1868-73, Pearse, B. A. 1873— Flushing, L.I. 1843. Gordon, 1843-9, Mandeville, G. H. 1851-9, Halloway, W. 1859-65, Fairchild, 1866-71, Cobb, O. E. 1873— Doe. Hist. i. 433. Fonda, (Caughuawaga,) Montgomery Co. N.T. 1758. (The name is often carelessly written Conewago in the early minutes ; not to be confounded with Conewago, which is in Pa. The ancient Caughnawaga included Amsterdam, Johnstown, New-Broadalbin, and Mayfield. Doc. Hist. iii. 673-4, 683, Col. Hist._ iii. 350.) Eomeyn, Tlios. 1772-94, Van Home, A. 1795-1833, Quinn, 1833-5, Fonda, J. D. 1835-43, Van Olinda, 1844-58, Furbeck, 1859-62, Boyd, J. C. 1865-70, Jones, T. W. 1870— Fonda's Bush, (New-Harlem, Broadalbin,) Fulton Co. N.T. 1795. Ten Eyck, C. 1799-1812, Palmer, 1818-20, Van Vechten, S., Miss, to 1823, Presbyt. 1823. FoRDHAM, 1696. See New Tork City. Ford's Bush. (Station.) ■ Morris, J., Miss, to, 1839. THE CHUECHES. 591 FORRESTON, Ogle Co. 111. 1863. Karston, 1865-7, De Beer, 1867-70, Reicli- art, 1871-3, Schlieder, 1873— Fort Carbon, Pa. (Station.) Da Mont, Miss, to, 1839-30. Fort Herkimer, 1853. Starks, 1853-7, again 1861-3, Quick, J. J. (S.S.) 1867-8. See Johns' Hist. Disc. Fort Herkimer. See Flats. Fort Lee, Bergen Co. N.J. 1875. Fort Miller, Wasliington Co. N.T. (See Argyle) 1817. Jolinston, I. T. 1817-33, Van Hook, 1833-4, McKelvey, John, 1837, Mair, Mii5s. to, 1839, Thompson, D. R. 1833, Parry, 1833-7, Wood, Joel, 1840-5, Stebbins, (S.S.) 1848, Slauson, (S.S.) 1848-50, Cochran, 1853, Lansing, A. G. 1867-8 Kellogg, 1863-73, Labaw, 1873-4, Ford, 1875-7. Fort Plain, same aa Canajoharie. Fort Plain, Montgomery Co. N.T. 1831. This ch. is a, continuation of Canajoharie, 1750. Bogardus, N. 1834-5, Burtiss, 1835, Pepper, 1837-40, Van Vechten, S. 1841-4, McLean, C. G. 1844-51, Schenck, M. L. 1853-7, Hall, J. G. 1858-63, Riggs, 1870-6, Rogers, S. J. 1876— Frankfort, Herkimer Co. N.Y. 1830. Snyder, 1839-30, Seely, 1831-5, Mur- phy, 1839-40, Starks, 1843-6, Murphy, 1854-6. Franklin, Milwaukee Co. "VVis. 1851. Klyn, 1853-3. Franklin, Essex Co. X.J. 1855. Talmage, P.S. (S.S.) 1855-9, Lott, 1859-65, Ostrom, (S.S.) 1866-8, pastor, 1868-9, Quick, A. M. 1869— Franklin Furnace, Susses Co. N.J. 1878. Zabriskie, A. A. 1878— Freehold, (Navasink, Marlboro',) Monmouth Co. N.J. 1699. (See Middle- town, N.J.) Supplied by Lupardus, Antonides, and Freeman, 1699-1709. Morgan, 1709-31, Haeghoort, 1731-5, Erickzon, 1736-64, Du Bois, B. 1764- 1835, Van Vranken, S. A. 1818-34, Otterson, 1835-8, Marcellus, 1839-50, Willis, 1851-88, Swain, 1868-73, Wells, T. W. See Mst. of, Jjr Bev. T. W. WeUs. Freehold 2d, 1843. Ganse, 1843-56, Collier, E. W. 1856-66, Van Buren, P. called, but prevented by sickness from settling, 1867, Van Aken, G. 1867-70, Hageman, C. S. 1871-8, Brokaw, I. P. 1879— Fremont, Sullivan Co. N.Y. 1870. Elterich, 1873— Fremont Centre, Newaygo Co. Mich. 1870. Kickertveld, 1870-3, Vander Ploeg, 1877-8. Fdlton, Whitesldes Co. HI. 1867. Woltman, 1869-70, Vandermeuleu, John, 1870-5, Hazenberg, 1875-7, Dykstra, 1878— 592 THE CHUKCHKS. FuLTONViLLE, Montgomery Co. N.Y. 1838. Dyer, 1841-3, Van Buren, J. M. 1843-53, Welles, E. 1857-68, Kip, F. M. (Jr.) 1869— Ftkaaut, Allegan Co. Micli. 1869. Zwemer, J. F. 1873— Gallatin, Dutchess Co. N.Y. 1746. (Called successively Stissing, or New- Stissing, Livingston Manor, Ancram, and Greenbusli.) Pryenmoet, 1759-66, Livingston, J. H. 1779-81, Lansing, N. '1781-4, Eomeyn, Jer. 1789-94, Vedder, H. 1803-64, Bogardus, F. M. 1864^9, Wyckoff, D. B. 1870— Gallupville, Scholiarie Co. N.Y. 1844. Hammond, E. S. 1844-53, Bo- gardus, 1853-6, Lane, G. 1857-60, Comfort, 1860-3, Vedder, E. 1863-71, Kershow, 1872-7, Carr, 1877— Gajasegat, now Fairfield. Gansbvookt, Saratoga Co. N.Y. 1839. Birkby, 1840-5, Dii Bois, John, 1845-50, Doe, (S.S.) 1853-3, Van Wyck, P. 1853-6, McCartney, 1857-63, Markle, 1864-8, Cochrane, S. S. 1873, 1877— Geneva, Ontario Co. N.Y. 1831. Mandeville, H. 1831-4, Abeel, G. 1834-49, Eomeyn, J. 1850-1, Voorhees, H. V. 1851-4, Collier, Jos. 1855-9, Wiley, 1860-5, Eogers, S. J. 1865-73, Brush, W. W. 1873-8, Oppie, 1878—. See Conmer's Hist, of Geneva. Georgetown, D.C. (Miss. Station.) Baldwin, E., Miss, to, 1833-4. I German Flats, same as Great Flats, Flats, or Fort Herkimer, (on the Mohawk.) Doc. Hut. i. 333-343. Gekmantown, Columbia Co. N.Y. (East-Camp,) 1738. Hagar, 1711, sup- plied by Kocherthal, 1708-19, Van Driessen, J. 1728-35, Schnorr, 1746-.., Eubel, 1755-9, Fryenmoet, 175(3-70, Cock, 1763-84, Cough, 177.-8, Geb- hard, occasionally ; Fox, 1803-. ., Eudy, 1835-36, Boyd, Josh. 1842-50, HofE, 1851-5, Meyers, A. H. 1856-63, Schermerhorn, H. E. 1862-5, Eoe. 1866-8, Bodine, 1868-74, Wyckoff, Jas. 1874— Ghent, (Squampamuck,) Columbia Co. 1775, Gebhard supplied, 1783-7, Sluyter supplied occasionally. Ghent, Columbia Co. N.Y. 1819, revived. Wynkoop, P. S. 1833-43, De Witt, J. 1845-8, Gray, J. 1848-55, Letson, 1856-64, Drury, 1864— Hut. Disc, ly Drury, 1876. Ghent 3d, 1843. Wyckoff, T. F. 1843^, (S.S.), Williamson, G. E. 1844r^, Vandervoort, 1848-51, Van Woert, 1853-65, Sebring, E. N. 1865-73, Schenck, Jac. W. 1873-9. Gibbonsville, now West-Troy. GiBBSViLLE, Sheboygan Co. Wis. 1856. Dunnewold, 1808— THE CHtJECHES. 593 GiLBOA, Sclioharie Co. N.T. 1836. Paige, 183C-7, BogarduB, C. 1888-42, Van Dyck, L. H. 1844-52, Lockwood, S. 1852-4, Welch, 1855-6, Benedict, 1857, See, W. (i. E. 1859-61, Letson, 1864r^, Moore, W. S. 1869-73, Ball, (S.S.) 1875, Comet, 1876— GiNGEE. See India. Glen, Montgomery Co. N.T. 1795. Glen, Montgomery Co. N. Y. 1800. Morris, J., Miss, to, 1827-9, Chittenden, 1831-8, Jukes, 1839-44, Van Vranken, A. H. 1851-65, Van Vranken, F. V. 1866-78, Dysart, 1874-9. Glen, Independent. Paulison, 1840-18.. GUENHAM, Dutchess Co. N.T. 1837. Johnson, J. G. 1840-6, Miller, 1846-9, Duryea, J. G. 1851-3, Bevier, 1853-60, Holmes, E. (S.S.) 1860-5, Horton, 1865-7, WyckofE, A. N. 1867-71, Scudder, Jos. (S.S.) 1873-5, Van Deventer, 1875— GliENViLLE. See Schenectady. GLENVILI.E 2d, (Scotia,) Schenectady Co. N.Y. 1818. Murphy, 1826-34, Stryker, H. B. 1834-7, Swift, 1837-43, Crocker, 1842-8, Vedder, E. 1849-51, Williamson, N. D. 1851-5, Slingerland, 1857-60, Berry, P. 1862-3, Wil- son, F. F. 1864-70, Bookstaver, A. A. 1870-1, Johnston, A. 1873-5, Vander Wart, 1876— Gnanodanam. See India. / GOKHAM, Ontario Co. N.T. 1843. Ryerson, 1843-5, Lloyd, 1846-7, Hammond, I. 1847-50. Geaafschap, Allegan Co. Mich. 1850, (organization came from Holland.) Klyn, 1850-2, Ypma, 1853-4. In 1856, all except five families seceded. Pieters, 1861-5, Broek, D. 1865-70, Oggel, E. C. 1870-2, Vanderkley, 1843-5, Zwemer, A. 1876— Grahamville, Sullivan Co. N.T. 1844. Gregory, T. B. 1844-8, Hammond; J. W. 1849-63, Case, 1852-3, Belts, 1855-6, Jones, D. A. 1858-63, Ham- mond, J. W. 1863-7, Turner, 1868-.., Milliken, 1876— Ghand Haven, Ottawa Co. Mich. 1851. Bolks, 1853-5, Oggel, P. J. 1856-9„ Vanderveen, 1861-8, De Beer, 1870-3, Oggel, B. C. 1873-8, Duiker, 187&— Geahd Haven 3d, 1871. Vander Hart, 1873-5, again, 1877— Grand Rapids, Kent Co. Mich. 1848. Taylor, A. B. (S.S.) 1743-8, Berry, P. 1860-1, Ferris, J. M. 1863-5, Decker, 1865-7, Vanderveen, 1868-70, Vandermeulen, Jac. 1871-3, Moerdyk, P. 1873— 38 594 THE CHtJECHES. Grand Rapids, Mich. (Hoi.) 1851. Klyn, 1854r-6, Houbolt, 1859-60, Van- dermeulen, C. 1861-73, Dosker, N. H. 1873— Grand Eapids 3d, 1873. Kriekaard, A. 1876— Grand Eapids 4th, 1875. Hulst, 1876— Orand JRapids, Independent, 1875 ? Grandville, Kent Co. Mich. 1859. Kiekintveld, 1867-70, De Jonge, 1871— Gravesend, L.I. 1655. Polhemus, J. T. 1655-76, Selyns, 1660-4, supplied occasionally by VanZuuren, 1677-85, supplied occasionally by Varick, 1685- 94, supplied occasionally by Lupardus, 1695-1702, Antonides, 1705-44, Arondeus, 1742-7, Van Sinderin, 1747-65, Curtenius, 1755-6, Schoonmaker, M. 1765-1824, Bassett, 18li-24, Labagh,!. P. 1832-43, Labagh, A. I. 1843- N 59, Hansen, 1859-71, Stockwell, 1872—. Doe. Hist. i. 411, 433. Sutphen'a Eist. Disc. 1877.- Great Flats, or German Flats, or Flats. Ghbbnbukgh, Westchester Co. N.Y. 1850. (This church was organized in 1788 as a Congregational church ; it afterward became Presbyterian, and in 1850 entered into its present relations.) Smith, 1812-20, Phelps, 1850-1, Wyckoff, A. V. 1851-2, See, J. L. 1853-4, Moore, 1856-64, Bogardus, W. E. 1865-7, Bertholf, J. H. 1867-9, Bagley, 1873-5, Hoyt, 1876-9, Jan. 1. Greenbush, (Livingston Manor,) 1746. ' See Gallatin. Greenbush, Rensselaer Co. N.Y. 1784. Romeyn, J. V. C. 1788-99, Zabris- kie, J. L. 1801-11, Labagh, I. 1811-15, Marselus, 1814-32, Taylor, B. C. 1822-5, Dumont, 1836-9, Liddell, 1830-4, Stimpson, 1834-53, Talmage, J. R. 1853-60, Wilson, P. Q. 1861-6, Anderson, W. 1866-76, Steele, J. 1877— Grbbnleafton, Fillmore Co. Minn. 1869. Lepeltak, 1870-7, Vander- ploegl878— Green Point, 1848. See Brooklyn. Green Port, (Mt. Pleasant,) Columbia Co. N.Y. 1835. Hangen, 1836-8, Fisher, G. H. (S.S.) 1838-40, Van Wagenen, 1840-1, Fonda, J. D. 1842-7, Van Wyck , 1848-51, Voorhees, J. N. 1851-7, Finch, 1857-60, Himrod, 1861— Greenville, Westchester Co. N.Y. 1840. Hulbert, 1842-5, Collier, Jos. 1852-5, Stewart, 1846-52, Marcellus, 1856-9, Eomondt, 1860-1, Pitcher, J. H. 1861-73, Schoonmaker, E. L. 1876- Greenville. See Jersey City. Greenwich. See N. Y.C. •Greenwich. See Union. THE CHUECHES. 595 Griggstown, Somerset Co. N.J. 1843. Lord, J. S. 1843-7, Todd, J. A. 1848-55, Livingston, E. P. 1855-8, Searle, Stephen, 1859-73, Williams, K. G. 1874^7, Searle, J. P. 1878— Gailderland, now Helderbergh. GuiLFOKD, Ulster Co. N.T. 1833. Brush, W. 1834-51, Jansen, J. N. 1852- 63, De Witt, K. 1864-71, Lasher, 1873— Gottenbbkg, Hudson Co. N.J. 1873. Crolius, 1872-4, Wilson, P. Q. (S.S.) 1875, Barr, 1878— Hackensack, Bergen Co. N.J. 1686. Supplied by Tesschenmaeker, 1686, by Varick, 1687-9, Bertholf, G. 1694-1724, Erickzon, 1735-8, supplied by Du Bois, Gualterus, 1738-30, Curtenius, 1730-55, Goetschius, J. H. 1748-74, Romeyn, D. 1775-84, Froeligb, S. 1786-1823, seceded. Amst. Cor. Tay- lor's Annals. Brinkerlwff's Hist. True B.D. C. Hackensack, Secession, 1833. Prodigh. S. 1833-7, Paulison, 1832, Demarest, a T. 1839-51, Blauvelt, C. J. 1853-60, De Saun, J. Y. 1860— Hackensack, Independent, 1833. Paulison, 1833-40, Amerman, A. 1843 — Hackensack, {3d,) 1756. Schuyler, 1756-66, Blauw, 1768-71, Kuypers, W. 1771-97, Romeyn, J. V. C. 1799-1833, Romeyn, Jas. 1883-6, Warner, A. H. 1837-65, Romeyn, T. B. 1865— See T. B. Bomeyn's Hist. Disc. Hackensack 2d, 1855. Demarest, Jas. (Jr.) 1856-63, Fisher, G. H. 1864- 70, Durand, 1870— Hackensack, (Ger.) 1857. Becker, 1857-60, Wolf, Miss, to, 1863, Schroe- der, 1864-9. Losch, 1870-3, Saul, 1873-4, Ricke, 1874-7, Windemuth', 1877— Haqaman's Mills, Montgomery Co. N.Y. 1855. Pearse, 1856-9, Slinger- land, 1860-3, Hagaman, A. J. 1863— Hallebergh, same as Lisha's Kill. Hamilton, (Rabbitt River, Zabriskie,) Allegan Co. Mich. 1870. Dangremond, 1873-3. , Hanover, Luzerne Co. Pa. 1783, (on the Susquehanna,) same as Conewago. Gray, A. 1793-6. The Dutch people removed from this place almost in a body to the Genesee country, N.Y. 1796. Half Moon, now Waterford. Doc. Hist. i. 435. Hardwick, Warren Co. N.J. 17. . (Chitara, 1787-93, Wack, C. 1793-1809, also Wack, J. J. 1798-1890, Senn, 1795-1800,) entered R.D.C. 1811, Force, 1811-16. 596 THE CHUKCUES. Hardy Co. Va. 1789. (Miss, station.) Jennings, 1789-91, became Presbyt. ? Harlem. See New-York. Harlem, (Ger.) See New- York. Haklingen, (Sourland, Millstone,) Somerset Co. N.J. 1727. Frelingliuy- sen, T. J. 1729-48, Frelinghuysen, J. 1750-4, (Arondeus, Conferentie, 1747- 54, Hardenbergh, 1758-61, Van Harlingen, J. M. 1762-95, Smith, W. E. 1795-1817, Polhemus, H. 1798-1808, Labagb, P. 1809-44, Gardner, J. 1844^.. Chartered, 1753, in union with N.B., Six Mile Run, Raritan and Beading- ton. See Hoagland's Hist. Notes. Harlingen 2d, 1831. Reorganized as Blawenberg, 1832. Habtsbueg, Logan Co. 111. 1877. Eodenberg, 1877— Hastings, Westchester Co. N.Y. 1850. Johnson, H. H. 1850, Phelps, 1851- 9, Quackenbush, 1859-60, Johnson, H. H. 1861-5, Peck, T. R. G. 1865— Havana, Mason Co. HI. 1865. Williamson, N. D. (S.S.) 1865-6, Decker, 1867-72, Seibert, 1872— Heldbebergh, Quilderland, Albany Co. N.Y. 1791. Van Huysen, H. 1793- 1825, Blair, Miss, to, 1824, Hardenbergh, J. B. 1824-5, Blair, 1825-30, Bo- gardus, N. 1830-3, Frazer, 1836-8, Steele, J. B. 1838-45, Bailey, 1845-7, Davis, W. P. 1847-51, Van Dyck, L. H. 1852-6, Davis, W. P. 1857-69, Gamble, 1869— Sempsteacl; Secession, {Eakiat,) 1825. Bemarest, J. B. 1824-58, Be Baun, J. T. 1856-60. Henderson, 1798. Hbndeeson, (Warren,) Jefferson Co. N.Y. 1829. Hangen, 1830-2, Noe, 1835, De Voe, 1836-9, Pepper, 1840-5, supplied by Hall, D. B. 1847, by Whit- beck, J. 1849-50, Lord, D. 1851-6, again, 1860-4, Compton, 1871^, Lord, D. 1878— Heekimee, Herkimer Co. N.Y. 1797. Spinner, 1802-35, Ketchum, Miss, to, 1826-7, Boyd, Josh., Miss, to, 1827-8, Morris, J., Miss, to, 1828-9, Pitcher, J. H. 1831-3, Murphy, 1837-41, again, 1842-49, Mead, 1849-59, Gardner, 1860-4, Petrie, (S.S.) 1864-8, Consaul, 1869-77, Brokaw, R. W. 1877—. Boc. Mist. iii. 674, 686. Herkimer 2d, 1824. Became Presbyt. in 1825. Center, (S.S.) 1824r-5. Herkimer 2d, 1830. Snyder, H. 1831. High Bridge. See N.Y.C. HighBeidqe, Hunterdon Co. N.J. 1866. Wyckoffi, C. (S.S.) 1866-8, pas- tor, '1868-9, Van Amburgh, 1869-71, Fehrman, 1872-4, Dean, 1875— Highlands, Monmouth Co. N.J. 1875. Allen, A. W. 1874— THE CHUKCHES. 597 High Prairie, (Hooge Prairie,) Cook Co. IJl. organized, 1849, bat indepen- dent till 1853. Bolks, 1862-5, Lepeltak, 1865-70, Koopman, 1870-7. Hillsborough, (at Millstone, N.J.) Somerset Co. N.J. 1786. Supplied by Leydt, J., Hardenberg, J. R., and Van Harlingen, J. M., 1766-74, Foering, 1774-9, (called to preach in English,) church chartered, 1775, Froeligh, S. 1780-6, Van Harlingen, J. M. 1787-95, Cannon, 1797-1807, Schureman, 1807-9, Zabriskie, John L. 1811-1850, De Witt, John, 1850-63, Corwin, 1863 — . See Gorwin's Millstone Centennial, 1866. Hillsdale, (Krum,) Columbia Co. N.T. 1769. Gebhard, 1793-1814, Sluyter, 1816-25, Wynkoop, 1825-40, Himrod, 1842-3. Merged in the church of Mellenville. Hoboken, (Ulster Co. N.T.) 1828. HoBOKEN, Hudson Co. N.J. 1850. (Ostrander, H., Miss, to, 1832, Abeel, G., Miss, to, 1824r-8,) Gregory, T. B., Miss, to, 1850-4, Parker, C. 1854-7, Mann, 1858-61, Riddle, M. 1861-5, Vroom, W. H. 1865-7, Allen, J. K. 1868-70, Buck, 1871^, Parker, Chs. 1874— Hoboken, (Ger.) 1856. Mohn, 1856— HoHOKUS, Bergen Co. N.J. 1872. Jongeneel, Miss, to, 1871-3. Holland, Ottawa Co. Mich. 1851. Organization came from Holland. Van Raalte, 1851-67, Pieters, 1869— Holland 2d, (Hope,) 1862. Stewart, A. T. 1866-77, Van Pelt, D. 1878- HOLLAJSD 3d, 1868. Vandermeulen, Jac. C. 1868-71, TJiterwyck, 1871— Holland, Nebraska, 1870. Te Winkle, 1871-6, Huizinga, 1876- Holland 3d, Nebraska, 1873. Holland, Wis. 1854, now Cedar Grove. Holmdel, (Middletown, Neversink,) Monmouth Co. N.T. 1699. See Free- hold, N.J. Supplied by Lupardus, Antonides and Freeman, 1699-1709, Morgan, 1709-31, Haeghoort, 1781-5, Erickzon, 1736-64, Du Bois, B. 1764- 1825, Van Vranken, S. A. 1817-36, Beekman, 1826-36, Thompson, F. B. (S.S.) 1837-8, Reiley, W. 1839—. This, though a separate congregation, was one ecclesiastical body with Freehold 1st until 1825. The name Holmdel was assumed in 1867. Honey Creek, now Raritan, 111. 598' THE CHUKCHES. « Hooge Prairie, now High Prairie. Hope. See Holland 3d. Hopewell, Dutchess Co. N.Y. 1757. Rysdyck, 1765-89, Blauvelt, I. 1783- 90, Van Vranken, N. 1791-1804, Barcalo, 1805-10, De Witt, T. 1813-36. Whitehead, 1838-35, Polhemus, A. 1835-57, Cobb, O. B. 1857-73, Taylor, G. 1873— Horse Neck, now Fairfield. HORTONVILLB, Sullivan Co. N.Y. 1875. Howe's Cave. See Central Bridge. HnDSON, Columbia Co. N.Y. 1835. Fisher, G. 11. 1836-41, Gosman, 1841-53, Demarest, D. D. 1853-65, Holmes, J. McC 1865-77, McLeod, 1878— Hudson, N.J. 1846. See Jersey City. Hudson, N.J. (Ger.) 1853. See Jersey City. Hudson, N.J. 3d, (Ger.) 1859. See Jersey City. Hurley, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1801. Smith, T. G. 1801-8, Gosman, 1808-11, , Ostrander, H. 1811-14, Carle, 1814-35,, Van Keuren, 1836-34, Mason, J. (S.S.) 1834-6, Reiley, Wm. 1886-9, Harriman, 1839-40, Elmendorf, A. 1840- 3, Cruikshank, J. C. 1843-50, Lippincott, 1850-66, Harris, 1867-78, Lock- wood, 1879—. Col. Hist. ii. 593. Huguenots, S.I. (Westfield.) 1850. La Tourette, 1853-4, Gregory, T. B. 1855-60, fetryker, H. B. 1861-71, Kip, F. M. (Sr.) 1873— Hyde Park, (Stoutsburgh,) Dutchess Co. N.Y. 1793. Brower, C. 1794- 1813, Wynkoop, P. S. 1817-33, Vanderveer, F. H. 1833-9, Cahoone, 1829- 33, Westfall, S. V. E. 1834-7, Cruikshank, J. C. 1837-48, Elmendorf, A. 1843-8, Ten Eyck, 1848-53, Dater, 1853-77, Garretson, G. R. 1877— ILION, Herkimer Co., N.Y. 1863. Petrie, 1868— INDIA. I. Arcot Mission. This was organizecl in 1854. It is now (1879) divided into the North and South Arcot Districts, embracing together nearly 10,000 square miles, with a population of about 3,000,000. Churches in the Arcot Mission : Arcot, (Rahnpett,) 1840. Scudder, H. M. 1850-3, Scudder, Jos. 1853-6, THE CHUECUES. 599 Sawyer, (native pastor,) 1859-65, Scudder, John, 1865-74, Zecariah, (native pastor,) 1876 — Connected cburches, or out-statious, under tlie care of tlie same missionaries or pastors : f Manimuttu, 1866. Anerakara, 1877. Yegamoor, 1871. Kamalantangal, 1869. Vbllambi, 1863. "1 Belonged to Arnee until 1873 ; under J- which see missionaries or pastors up to Podupakam, 1866. J that date. Aknee, 1850. Scudder, Jos. 1853-6, Scudder, J. W. 1856-9, Mayou, 1859-62, Scudder, S. D. 1863-3, Scudder, Jolin, 1863-. . , Mayou, 1863-70, Scudder, E. C. 1870-6, Scudder, John, 1876-8. Connected churches or out-stations : f Sevur, 1866. [allikndal, 1863. Chittoob, 1853. Scudder, W. W. 1853-6, Scudder, E. C. 1856-9, Scud- rder, W. W. 1859-61, Scudder, E. C. 1861-2, Scudder, Jared W. 1863— Connected churches or out-station.s. 'Bassapalli, 1871. Bommaisamudrum, 186S. KOTTAPAILI, 1869. Bamapurum, 1871. Timsampalli, 1871. COONOOB, 1857. Scudder, Jos. 1856-9, Scudder, H. M. 1860-4, Scud- der, S. D. 1864^.., Zechariah, (native pastor,) 1867-76. GiNGEB, 1862. Mayou, 1863-3. Abandoned. Gnanodayam, 1867. Sawyer, (native pastor,) 1868-75, Scudder, John, 1875-6. 000 THE CHUECHES.. Gonnected cliurclies or out-Btations : ' 'Arulnadu, 1868. Sattambadi, 1862. "1 ' Siradalapundi, 1866. J- Belonged to Arnee until 1868. Paraeyantangal, 1866. j MuDNAPiLiiT, 1865. Chamberlain, 1865—, Heeren, 18^3-7. Connected cliurclies or out-stations : fCliintorapalli,,1872. , Goriapalli, 1873. Nalaporapalli, 1873. Nalcheruvupalli, 1873. Podolorapalli, 1873. Timmareddipalli, 1873. Tipparazupalli, 1873. Palamanair, 1860. Scudder, E. C. 1859-60, Chamberlain, 1860-3, Scudder, S. D. 1863-5, Scudder, John, 1865-6, Chamberlain, 1866- 73, Heeren, 1873-7, Chamberlain, 1878— TlNDEVANTOr, 1876. (This -was an out-station of Arnee from 1868-76, when it became a station.) WyckofF, J. H. 1876 — Connected churches or out-statious : 'Adamu, 1868. Nansimur, (or Naragingamur,) 1871. KOLAPAKUM, 1871. Mandakapatti, 1871. Orattue, 1868. Tandasamudram, 1873. Vakikkal, 1869. Kalolapettu, 1877. Vellore, 1853. Scudder, H. M. 1853-60, Scudder, W. W. 18S0-i, Scudder, E. C. 1864-8, Scudder, W. W. 1868-73, Scudder, E. c' 1873-6, Scudder, John, 1876-8. Belonged to Arnee until 1876. THE CHURCHES. 601 Connected churches and out-stations : ' Bramapurane, 1877. Erantangal, 1868. KANDIPUTTtIK, 1805. Karasamangalam, 1871. Karihire, 1871. Kattupadi, 18G3. Maratanambadi, 1868. Belonged to Amee until 1876. Ourautangal, 1868. Sekadu, 1868. Tondantolasi, 1871. LVennampalli, 1868. II. Ceylon, Pandeteripo. Scudder, John, 1819-39. r Madras. Scudder, John, 1839-42, 1848-54. III. \ [Madura. Scudder, John, 1846-8. IV. Indian Archipelago. 1. Borneo. Xevius, 1840-1, Abeel, D. 1841-3, Pohlman, 1840-4, Doty, 1840-4, Thompson, F. B. 1840-8, Steele, W. H. 1842-9. Karangan. Toungblood, 1842-9, Thompson, F. B. 1842-6, Steele, W. H. 1843-9. Poutianak. Youngblood, 1839-42, Nevuis, 183.^3. Sambas. Doty. 2. Java. Abeel, D. 1830-1, Nevius, 1836-40, Doty, 1836-40, Thompson, F. B. 1838-40, Ennis, 1836-40. Pohlman, 1838-40, Youngblood, 1836-9, Van Doren, W. T. 1841-2. 3. Siam. Abeel, D. 1831-3, Thompson, F. B. (at Singapore,) 1838-9, 1841. See Anderson's Eist. Missions of A.B.C.F.M. in, India, pp. 236-240; also index under the words, Arcot, Ceylon, East-India Co., India, Southern, and Scudder. Indian Castle, (Danube,) Herkimer Co. K.T. 1772. Ketehum, Miss, to, 1823. Indian Castle, Herkimer Co. N.Y. 1861. Stanbrough, 1861-76. 602 THE CHURCHES. Indians, American, Miss, to, Megapolensis, J. 1642-9, Freeman, ,1700-5, Lydius, 1703-9, (Barclay, Epis., 1709-10.) Dellius, 1683-99. Amst. Cor., many alludons; Anderson's Hist. Col. Church, 3 vols. Doc. Hist. N.T. i. 269 ; iii. 19, 20, 538, 540, 541, 543, 551-2, 561-3, 506, 013-631, 028, 697. Ihving Park, 111. 1874 Lansing, A. G. 1874-7, Van Vranken, H. H. 1877— Irvington, (Clintonville, Camptown,) Esses Co. N.J. 1840. Staats, J. A. 1840-1, Chapman, J. L. 1843-9, Bruen, J. M. 1850-2, Taylor, A. B. 1852-5, McKelvey, A. 1858-60, Vebslage, 1861— Ithaca, Tompkins Co. N.Y. 1830. Maun, 1831-7, Hoes, 1837-45, Henry, 1846-9, Bulkley, 1851-3, Elmendorf, J. 1853-5, ScUenck, J. W. 1855-63, Zabriskie, P. N. 1863-6, Strong, T. C. 1866-71. Jackson, Washington Co. N.Y. 1833. Stewart, J. W. 1834-6, Pitcher, W. 1837-9, Quick, J. J. 1840-3, Pitcher, J. H. 1844-52. J.iMAiCi, L.I. 1703. Antonides, 1705-41, (Van Hasten, 1739-40,) Goetschius, J. H. 1741-8, Romeyn, Thos. 1754-60, supplied by Ketteltas, 1760-2, Boe- len, 1776-80, Froeligh, S. 1775-6, Van Nest, R. 1785-97, Kuypers, Z. H. 1794-1818, Schoonniaker. J. 1803-50, Garretson, G. I. 1835^9, Alliger, 1850-70, Van Slyke, J. 1870-6, De Hart, 1877—. Doe. Hist. iii. 75, 78. Smith's Hist. N. Y. Jamaica, L.I. (St. Paul's,) Ger. 1876. Hones, 1876— Jamestown, Ottawa Co. Mich. 1869. Vandermeulen, John, 1875— Jamesville, Onondaga Co. NY. 1834. Evans, E. 1836, Amerman, T. A. 1839-40. Japan. Mission organized, 1859. Japan, 1st Church, (composed of foreign residents,) 1863. Brown, S. R. 1863-7. Kanagawa, (station, 1859.) Brown, 1859-63, Ballagh, 1861-3. Nagasaki, 1876, (a station, 1859-76.) Verbeck, 1859-69, Stout, 1869— Tanaka (station.) TOKIO, 1877. Okuno, (native pastor,) 1877— Ueda, 1876. Maki, (native pastor,) 1879— Yokohama, (station, 1863.) Brown, 1863-8, Ballagh, 1863— Missionaries : Brown, 1859— , Verbeck, 1859—, Ballagh, J. H. 1861—, Stout, 1869—, Wolff, 1870-5, Miller, E. E. 1875—, Amerman, 1876— Native Pastors : Okuno, 1877— ,Ogawa, 1877—, Wademura, 1878— , Yasukawa, 1878—, Maki, 1879— Java. See India. THE CHUECHES. 603 Jefferson, Hillsdale Co. Mich. 1851. Heermance, Har. 1851-7, Evans, Clis. A. 1857-8, Vermilye, D. 1863-6. Jeffebsontxlle, Sullivan Co. N.T. 1853. Wolf, 1853-4, Hones, 18oi-8, Eiedel, 1858-61, Boehrer, 1863-6. Jeniks, (CI. of Albany,) 1794. M.G.8. 1. p. 256, mentioned. Jericho, L.I. 1874. Supplied by Talmage, D. June-Sept. 1876, DeVries, 1876-7. United with Oyster Bay. Jersey City, Hudson Co. N.J. churches in : 1. Bergen, (Bergen Av.) 1660 ; supplied by ministers from New-Tork, S.I. and L.I. 1663-1749 ; (DeWint, 1749-51.) Jackson, W. 1757-8'J, Cornelison, 1793-1838, Taylor, B. C. 1828— Associate pastors, Am- erman, 1871-6, Brett, C. 1876—. See Tayloi-'a Annals 01. Bergen ; Taylor Disc, at 200 Minor, Miss, to, 1850-1, Searle, J., Miss, to, 1851-3, Lockwood, 1854-68, Zabriskie, A. A. 1869-73, Mead, E. 187-3- KiNDERnoOK, Columbia Co. N.Y. 1713. A preaching station of Albany, 1700-13. Van Driessen, P. supplied, 1712-37, also Ehle, 1730-. ., Van Driessen, J. 1737-35, supplied by Van iftriessen, P. Van Schie, and Fre- linghuysen, T. 1735-56, Frelinghuysen, F. called, 1753, but died; Fryen- moet, 1756-77, (Eitzema, 1778-88,) Labagh, I. 1789-1801, Sickles, 1801-85, THE CHURCHES. 605 Van Aken. 1834^5, Heermance, Henry, 1835-7, Vandervoort, 1837-42, Van Zandt, B. 1843-52, Bronson, 1854-7, Berry, J. R. 1857-63, Collier, Edward, 1864— See Collier's " Sallowed Souse." Doc. Slat. 1. 243 ; iii. 538. Kinderliook 3d, 1833. Gushing, 1833-4. Became Presbyt. Ch. of Valatie. Kings Co., L.T. 1654. A general name embracing the collegiate charges of Brooklyn, Flatlands, Bushwick, New-Utrecht, Flatbush, and, at times, Gravesend. In 1808, the collegiate relation was partly dissolved. — Doc. Hist. i. 426, 429 ; iii. 75, 87-116. Smith's N. Y. 316. Wrong's FlatbusJi.. Kingsberry, (Johnstown ?) — Doc. Hist. iii. 431. Kingsborough, (Western allotment of,) now Johnstown. Kingston, (Esopus,) Ulster Co. N.T. 1659. Blom, 1660-7, Tesschenmaeker, 1675-6, Van Gaasbeek, 1678-80, Weekstein, 1681-7, Vandenbosch, 1687-91, (Van Bosen, 1691-3,) ? NuceUa, 1695-1704, Beys, 1705-8, Vas, 1710-56, Mancius, 1732-56, Meyer, H. 1763-72, Doll, 1775-1808, Gosman, 1808-35, Lillie, 1836-41, Van Wagenen, 1841-4, Hoes, 1845-67, Van Derveer, 1867- 75, Van Slyke, J. G. 1876— Church incorporated, 1719. English preaching began with Gosman. — See Amst. Cor. Doc. Bist. iii. 51, 71, 77, 581-7, 599. Col. Hist. ii. 592. Mag. B.D.C. i. 190 ; iii. 55. Gordon's Life of Ostrander, 45-53, 69. Smith's iV. T 308. Du Bois' Reunion, p. 47. Kingston, (Ger.) 1770. Gross, 1773-83. Kingston 2d, 1848. Smuller, 1850-3, Du Bois, A. 1854-9, Collier, Jos. 1859-64, Stitt, 1865-74, Demarest, Jas. (Jr.) 1875— KiSKATOur, Greene Co. N.Y. 1833. Van Liew, J. C. 1833-4, Hoff, 1835-42. Lyall, 1843-7, See, J. L. 1847-50, Compton, 1851-4, Eckel, 1854^5, Case, 1857-60, Rockwell, Chs. 1860-8, See, W. G. E. 1868-73, Deyo, 1873-6, Van Fleet, 1876— Kistigirene, another name, or an error, for Ni.skayuna, M. O.S. i. 255. Kleyn Esopus, now Esopus. Knowlton, Warren Co. N.J. 17... Chitara, 1787-92, Wack, C. supplied, 1793-1809, Wack, J. J. also supplied, 1798-1805. Reorganized, 1814? as R.D.C. (Presbyterian, Talmage, Jehiel, 1816-43.) Knox, Albany Co. N.T. 1841.. Knieskern, 1841-5, Lane, 1857-60, Comfort, 1860-3, Vedder, 1863-8, Ballagh, W. H. 1868-77, Slocum, 1879— Krum, same as Hillsdale. KRtnvrviLLE, (Samsonville,) Ulster Co. N.T. 1851. Taylor, W. 1851-2, Harlow, 1853-8, Markle, 1858-61, Deyo, 1868-70, Deyo, 1876— 606 THE CHUECHES. La Fayette, 1863. See Jersey City. Lakeville, same as Success. Lansing, (station.) Demarest, Jas. (Sr.) Miss, to, 1848. Lansing, Cooli Co. 111. 1875. Lanslngburgb, Rensselaer Co. N.Y. 1783. Lupton, 1788-9. Called also Stone Arabia, but not to be confounded witli tbe place now known by that name. Laubel Hill. See Long Is. City. Lawterville, (New-Ebinebeck,) Schobarie Co. N.T. 1788. Bork, 1796-8, Labagb, I. 1803-11, Jones, N. 1816-30, Labagb, I. 1833-7, Raymond, 1839-33, Bassler, 1833-8, LockUead, 1839-43, Spaulding, 1846-53, Hall, D. B. (S.S.) 1853-5, Raymond, 1856-64, Van Woert, 1867-71, Markle, 1873-5, Ries, 1875-8. Lebanon, (Ger. Ret) (Rockaway,) 1740. Wirtz, 1750-61, Kails, 1757-9, Dallicker, 1770-83. Wack, C. 1783-1809. (R.D.C. 1813.) Schultz, 1816-34, Wack; C. P. 1835-40, Van Amburgb, 1840-8, Steele, J.' 1848-53, Van Am- burgb, 1853-69, Van Benscboten, 1869-73, Campbell, J. B. 1873-6, Roe, 1876— Leeds, (Catskill, Madison,) Greene Co. N.Y. 1733. Weiss, 1731-6, Scbuneman, 1753-94, Labagb, 1798-1809, Ostrander, H. 1810-13, Wyn- koop, P. S. 1814^17, Wyckoff, I. N. 1817-34, Van Liew, J. C. 1833-3, Hoif, 1835^3, Romeyn, Jas. 1843-4, Betts, 1845-50, Minor, 1851-6, Searle, S. T. 1857-69, Van Zandt, B. 1869-78. See Ch. Int. Jan. 30, 1876, for Van Orden's sketcb of Ch. of Catskill. Le Roy, Jefferson Co. N.Y. 1831. Leydbn Centbe, Cook Co. 111. 1867. Jobnson, H. H. (S.S.) 1867— Linden, Union Co. N.J. 1871. Gesner, 1870-4, Van Vranken, H. H. 1875-0. Linlithgow, (Livingston Manor,) Columbia Co. N.Y. 1733. Van Driessen, J. (S.S.) 1732-38, Van Hovenbergh, supplied, 1743-56, Fryenmoet, 1756-70, supplied by Livingston, J. H. 1779-81, Lansing, Nic. 1781-4, Romeyn, Jer. 1788-1806, Vedder, Herman, supplied, 1806-14, Kittle, 1815-27, Holmes, E. 1837-35, Van Wagenen, 1835-41, Fonda, J. D. 1843-7, Crispell, 1847- 57, Sbepard, 1858-67, Kip, F. M. (Jr.) 1867-9, Dusinberre, 1870. See Crispell' a Hist, in Ch. Int., Oct. 13, 1854. Linlithgow, Livingston cburcb, 1870. Schermerhorn, H. R. (S.S.) 1871-3, Van Santvoord, C. (S.S.) 1874^-5, Meyers, A. H. 1875-8. Lisha's Kill, Schenectady Co. N.Y. 1853. Wells, 1855-8, De Baun, J. A. 1858— THE CnUPXHES. 607 Little Falls, Passaic Co. N.J. 1837. Stryker, H. B., Miss, to, 1823-7, Ogiline, Miss, to, 1827-9, Wilson, Jos. 1838-45, Vedder, E. 1845-9, Cruik- sliank, J. C. 1850-68, Vaa Neste, G. J. 1869-75, Smith, W. H. 1876-8, Moore, W. L. 1878— Livingston Manor, Columbia Co. X.T. 1700-16. Now embracing tlie cUurelies of Linlithgow, Taghkanic, (or Old Stlssing,) Greenbush, (CI. of Hudson,) etc. Doe. Hint. i. 243 ; iii. 365-402. BmitKa N. T. 307. Livingston, (station.) Evans, Wm., Mlsa. to, 1826. Locust Valley, L.I. 1871. Hart, John, 1872-5, Craig, 1875 — LODi, Seneca Co. N.T. 1825. (See Ovid.) Mefsler, 1825-8, Bennett, A. 1828- 38, Liddell, 1838-48, Garretson, G. J. 1849-52, Van Neste,G. J. 1853-65, Van Doren, J. A. supplied, 1866, Collier, I. H. 1867-9, McAdam, 1871— LODi, Bergen Co. N.J. {ffoU.) 1859. Huyssoon, 1859-64, Wust, 1864-8, Betz, 1875-8, Jongeneel, 1878— LoDi 2d, N.J. 1878. Oflbrd, 1878— Lodi, N.J., Independent, 1868. Wust, 1868-78. Long Branch, Monmouth Co. N.J. 1851. ConUlin, Miss, to, 1847-51, Wil- son, Jas. B. 1851-78, Toung, Chs. J. 1878— See Wilson's Decennial, 1801. Long Branch 2d, 1878. (Known as the Seaside Chapel, 1867-78, and was supplied during the summer by ministerial visitors^ 1867-78.) Wilson, J. B. 1878— Long Is. City, L.I. 1875. Garretson, G. R. 1875-7, Gutweiler, 1877— Long Is. City, (Laurel HUl.) 1875. Perry, 1875-6, Garretson, G. R. 1876-7, Schultz, 1878— Low Prairie, 111. 1855. Now South-Holland. Lower Canajoharie, 1773. Lower Red Hook. See Red Hook Landing. Lower Schoharie, 17 . . . Lyons, Wayne Co. ? N.Y. 1833. Nevius, Miss, to, 1835. Lyonsville, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1876. Deyo, 1876— Lysandeb, Onondaga Co. N.Y. 1828. Stevenson, Miss, to, 1827-8, Quaw, Miss, to, 1829-30, Mareellus, 1830-1, Williams, M. B. 1834-7, Knight, R. W. 1846-48, Bradford, W. W. 1849-55, Van Vranken, F. V. 1861-5, En- ders, 1866-9, Wurts, 1871-6. 608 THE CHUECHES. Macon, Lenawee Co. Micb. 1849. Taylor, A. B. 1849-53, Kershow, 1853-5, Beidler, 1856-7, Heermanoe, Har. 1857-63, Slcillman, 1863-8, Moerdyk, P. 1869-71, De Spelder, 1873— Madison, Wis. See Caledonia. Madison, now Leeds. Maliackemack, now Deer Park, or Port Jervis. Mamakating, (Wnrtslooro, P. O., Borne,) Sullivan Co. N.Y. 1805. Da Bois, G. 1820-4, Van Vecliten, S. 1834-9, Edwards (S.S.) 1831-4, Drake, 1842-4, Hillman, 1846-9, Cruikshank, (S.S.) 1849-53, Searle, S. 1853-9, Du Bois, John, 1859-65, Frazee, 1866-9, Ackerman, 1870-4, Todd, A. F. 1876— Manayunk. See PliiladelpWa. Manhasset. See North-Hempstead. Manheim, (Snell's Busb,) Herkimer Co. N.T. 1770, Dyslin, (S.S.) 1790- 1815, GoetBchius, S. Z., Miss, to, 1822, Ketchum, 1833-30, Manley, J. 1831-3, Murpliy, 1834-6, Weidman, 1837-41, Du Bois, John, 1843-5, Meyers, A. H. 1848-53, Weidman, 1852-60, Stanbrougli, 1861-76, Mat- thews, A. 1876-9. JDoc. Hist. N. Y. iii. 674, 686. Mapletown, Montgomery Co. N.Y. 1798, (see Middletown and Canajoharie.) Close, 1798-1803, Toll, 1803-1815, Palmer, 1818-20, Hasbrouck, J. R. H. 1830-6, Van Hook, Miss, to, 1822, Vanderveer, J., Miss, to, 1823, Van Vechten, Miss. to. 1823-4, Van Keuren, Miss, to, 1824, Boyd, Josh., Miss. to, 1836-7, Van Olinda, 1830-1, Hangen, 1833-6, Heermance, Har. 1837-40, Carle, 1848-51, Buckelew, 1852-5, Quick, J. J. 1856-62, Wbltbeck, R. M. (S.S.) 1863-4. Compton, (S.S.) 1864-8, Markle, (S.S.) 1870,Sharpley, 1874— Maebletown, (Marmerton, Mormelton,) Ulster Co. N.T. 1737., Freling- ■ huysen, Jac. called, 1753, but d. ; Frelinghuysen, H. 1756-7, Bomeyn, D. 1766-75, Hardenbergh, J. B. 1781-6, Van Home, A. 1789-95, Goetschiua, S. 1796-1814, Carle, 1814-26, Paulison, 1826-9, Van Dyck, C. L. 1839-53, McNair, 1855-9, Shaw, W. A. 1859-60, McNair, 1860-7, Brush, W. W. 1868-72, Hulbert, 1873— See Ulster Co. Marbletown 3d, (Conferentie,) 1753. Yet existing, 1773. Maebletown 2d, (North,) 1851. Lippincott, (S.S ) 1851-6, Harris, 1867-76. Mariaville, Schenectady Co. N.T. 1843. Donald, 1844-50. Marion. See Jersey City. Mamon, Wayne Co. N.T. 1870. Warnshuis, J. M. 1871-6, Wabeke, 1877-. Marlboro'. See Freehold. Marmerton, now Marbletown. THE CHUKCHES. 609 Marshallville, (CI. Rensselaer,) 1831. Cornell, F. F. 1831-2? Sclianck, G. C, Miss, to, Jan.^uly, 1833, Kussell, (S.S.) 1833. Martlnsbnrgh, Lewis Co. N.Y. 1827. Mattoax and Amelia Coort-House, Va. 1869. Huizinga, 1870-6. Mayfield, Fulton Co. N.Y. 1793. Ten Eyck, 1799-1813, Amerman, A. 1817- 21, Van Olinda, Miss, to, 1824, Van VecUten, S., Miss, to, 1823-4. Boa. Hist. iii. 673, 683. Mayjield, Independent, 1821. Amerman, A. 1821-43, WestemeU, J. P. 1845-55. Medina, Lenawee Co. Mich. 1846. Heennance, Har. 1846-51. Mellenville. See Claverack 2d. Mkurose, ((?«)•.) Westchester Co. N.T. 1854. ScUroepfer, 1855-61, DaLl- man, 1861-3, Wagner, 1863-6, Meuri, 1867-70, Windemutli, 1870-5, Lang, 1876 — Mettjchen, Middlesex Co. N.J. 1857. Thompson, J. B. 1859-66, Bogert, N. J. M. 1867-70, Lord, E. 1870— MiDDLEBTTBGH, (Upper Schoharie,) Schoharie Co. N.T. 1732? Schuyler, 17. .-75, Van Nest, R. 1774-80, De Voe, 1808-15, Schermerhorn, J. F. 1816-27, Garretson, J. 1827-33, Steele, J. B. 1834^8, Boyd, Joshua, 1840-3, [L. Mesereau, Presht. (S.S.) 1842-5 ;] West, 1845-53, See, I. M. 1853-4, Vedder, E. 1855-63, Bogardus, W. E. supplied, 1863, Lott, 1863-70, Roe, 1871-6, Gardner, J. S. 1876— MrDDLBBTjSH, Somerset Co. N.J. 1834. Schultz, 1834-8, Van Doren, J. A. 1838-66, Swain, 1866-8, Mershon, 1869-74, Le Fevre, Jaji. 1875— Middleport, 1853. Now Kerhonksen. Middletown, Delaware Co. N.Y. See Coshington. Middletown, Saratoga Co. N.Y. 1791. Middletown, N.Y. 1798. Name changed to Mapletown, about 1835. Middletown, N. T. Secession, 1823. Middletown, N.J. 1799, now Holmdel. Middletown and Freehold 1st were one corporation until 1825. Middletown Village, Monmouth Co. N.J. 1836. Crawford, 1839^0', Millspaugh, 1841-66, Seibert, 1566-71, Van Doren, L. H. 1871-6, Buck, 1877— Midwout, a name including the several churches in "Kings Co, L.I. See Kings Co. On the name Midwout, see Oen. and Biog. Record, viii. IK. 89 610 THE CHURCHES. Milesville, Sullivan Co. N.T. 1858. Boelirer, 1863-6, Schnellendreussler, 1868-9. MiLLBHOOK, Dutcliess Co. jST.Y. 1866. Cobb, H. N. 1866—, Stockwell, (assoc. pastor,) 1869-71, Hill, Miss, at, 1873. Millstone, now Harlingen. Prior to 1766, Millstone, in the Minutes, Amster- dam Cor., and early writings generally, means Harlingen. (See MiUstone Centennial.) Millstone. See Hillsborough. Milwaukee, Milwaukee Co. Wis. 1851. Klyn, 1852-4, Bolks, 1855-61, Van- dermeulen, John, 1863-70, Duiker, 1874:-8, Zwemer, A. 1870-3, Duiker. 1874r-8, Moerdyk, M. 1878— MiNA COKNERS, Chautauqua Co. N. Y. 1856. Dunnewold, supplied, 1856-60, pastor, 1860-68, Weber, Jac. 1871-4, Boehrer, 1876— Minaville, now Florida. Minden, 18. . MiNisiNK, (Nominack, at Montague,) Sussex Co. N.J. 1737. Supplied oc- casionally, by Mancius, 1737-41, Fryenmoet, 1741-56, Romeyn, T. 1760-73, Van Bunschooten, E. 1785-1799, Demarest,' John, 1808-8, Eltinge C. C. 1816-37, Ayres, 1838-41, Bookstaver, 1841-7, (Morse, J. a. Presbyt. sup- ply, 1848-9,) Demarest, John T. 1850-3, Jones, D. A. 1853-8, Gates, 1860-3, Cornell, Wm. 1863-3, Moore, W. S. 1864-9, Turner, 1873-5, Fitz- gerald, 1879— See Mills' Hist. Discs. 1874 and 1878. Mohawk, Herkimer Co. N.T. 1838. Murphy, 1840-3, Starks, 1843-53, Slingerland, 1855-6, Hammond, J. W. 1856-9, Nott, C. D. 1859-64, Slingerland, 1865-6, Consaul, (S.S.) 1867-9, Wilson, F. F. 1870-3, Bogar- dus, F. M. 1873-6, Lansing, J. G. 1877— Mombacus, now Rochester. Montgomery, (Wallkill,) Orange Co. N.T. 1733. Vrooman, 1753'-4, Kern, 1771-8, Van Nest, E. 1778-85, Froeligh, M. 1788-1817, Fonda, Jesse, 1817-27, Lee, R. P. 1839-58, Van Zandt, A. B. 1859-73, Brett, C. 1873-6, Schenck, E. S. 1877— Montague, Muskegon Co. Mich. 1875. Montague, N.J. See Minisink. MoNTViLLE, (Persippany, or Boonton,) Morris Co. N.J. 1756. Marin us, .supplied, 1756-68, (Blauw, Conferentie, 1762-8,) Myer, H. supplied, 1773-91, Ostrander, S. 1794-1810, Kuypers, W. P. 1801-5, BrinkerhofE, 1831-4, Messier, Miss, to, 1834, Morris, J., Miss, to, 1835, Tarbell, Miss, to, THE CHUECHES. 611 1826, Ogilvie, 1836-7, Messier, 1829-53, Cornell, P. F. 1833-6, Woods, 1838, Lord, Jer. L. 1840-43, Janeway, J. L. 1843-50, Conklin, 1851-70, Van Doren, L. H. 1871-4, Collier, I. H. 1874— MontviUe, Secession, 1834. Brinkerhoff, J. O., Miss, to, 1824, again, 1825-30. MORESVILLE, Sclioliarie Co. N.T. 1836. Knight, Wm. (S.S.) 1841-3, Hillman, (S.S.) 1843-5, Evans, 1849-53, Eckel, 1853-5, Buckalew, 1859-64. One corporation with Soutli-Gilboa. Mormelton, now Marbletown. MOTT Haven, N.T. 1851. See New-York City. MOTTYILLE, St. Joseph Co. Mich. 1849. Seeber, 1849-51, Bailey, 1856-63, Beardsley, 1868-4. Mt. Morris, Livingston Co. N.T. 1839. Hammond, 1843-5. Mt. Morris, Secession, 1838. BnnUerlwff, J. G. 1844-. . Mt. Pleasant, now Stanton, N.J. Mt. Pleasant, now Greenport, N.Y. Mt. Pleasant. See New-York City. Mt. Vernon, Westchester Co. N.Y. 1853. Snyder, B. R, Miss, to, 1852-4, See, I. M. 1834-64, Hutton, M. H. 1864— MtJSKEGON, Muskegon Co. Mich. 1859. Houbolt, 1864-71, Vandermeulen, Jae. C. 1873— Nansimub. See India. Napauoch, now Wawarsing. Nassau, (Union Village,) Rensselaer Co. N.Y. 1803. Bork,»1804-8, Fonda, ■ Jesse, 1809-13, Van Buren, P. 1814-20, Romeyn, Jas. 1821-7, Morris, J. F. 1829-33, Hunt, C. 1832-7, Knox, J. P. 1838-41, Holmes, 1841-52, Steele, R. H. 1853-63, Collier, I. H. 1864-6, Brush, A. H. 1867— Natjmberg, (Ger.) Lewis Co. N.Y. 1855. Wolff, 1856-60, Becker, 1860-70, Boehrer, 1870-6, Warnshuis, H. M. 1877— Navasink, (Neversink,) 1699. See Freehold and Holmdel. Nechanic, (Shannick, Neshauic, New-Shannock,) Somerset Co. N.J. 1753. Hardenbergh, J. R. 1758-61, Van Harlingen, J. M. 1763-95, Froeligh, S. 1780-6, Smith, W. R. 1794-1817, Polhemus, H. 1798-1808, Labagh, P. 1809-21, Ludlow, G. 1821-78, Hart, J. 1875— See Liidlow's Fifty Tears of Pastoral Work, 1871. 612 THE CHURCHES. Neshaminy. See North and South Hampton, Pa. Nestegauna, now Niskayuna. Neversink, (M.0.S. i. 19, 22,) an error for Minisink. Neversink. See Navasink. Neversink, now Fallsburgh. New-Amstel, (New-Caatlo,) Del. 1643. (Campaniua, John, 1643-54, Swedish.) E.D.C. 1654, organized by Polheraus, on his way from Brazil. Welius, 1657-9, Hadson called, d. on passage, 1664, Tesschenmaeker, 1679-83, sup- plied occasionally by Varick, 1687. (Now Presbyt.) Full account in Spotswood'a Historical Bermon; also Amst. Cor.; Col. Hist. N. T. ii. 4-84, iii. 115, 351, and the new vol. xii. Doc. Hist. iii. 31, 83, 83. Aslier, xsxvii. New-Amsterdam, now New-York. New-Amsteedam, La Crosse Co. Wis. 1877. Newark, Essex Co. N.J. churches in : 1. Nbwakk, Market St. 1833. Wells, K. 1833-43, Scott, Jas. 1843-58, Terhune, 1859-76, Gleason, 1877— 3. Newahk 3d, Ferry St. 1848. Williamson, G. R. 1848-9, Van Brunt, supplied, 1849, Abeel, G. 1849-64, Riddle, M. B. 1865-9, Brett, C. 1870-3, Van Vranken, F. V. 1873— 3. Newark 3d, 1848. Serenbets, 1849, Lehlback, 1850-61. 4. Newakk, Nobth, (Broad St.) 1856. Polhemus, A. May-Oct. 1857, Du Bois, H. 1859-61, Demarest, Jas. (Jr.) 1863-6, Hart, 1867— See Decennial Celebration. 5. Newaek, West, 1866. Wenisch, 1867-74, Kern, 1876— 6. Newark, South, (Clinton Av.) 1868. Taylor, W. J. R. 1869— See Decennial Memorial, 1878. 7. Newark, East, (East Ferry St.) 1869. Brokaw, I. P. 1869-74, Blauvelt, 0. B. 1874^7, Jan. 1 ; Krueger, 1877— New-Baltimohe, Greene Co. N.Y. 1836. Van Santvoord, S. supplied, 1834-9, Cornell, J. A.'H. 1843-8, Peltz, 1848-51, Davies, 1853-5, Gardner, 1856-60, Strong, B. G. 1861-70, Zabriskie, Jer. L. 1870— New-Bremen, Lewis Co. N.Y. 1855. Wolff, 1856-60, Becker, 1860-70, Boehrer, 1875-6, Warnshuis, H. M. 1877— New-Broadalbin. See Caughnawaga. THE CHUKCHES. 613 New-Brtjnswick, (see Three Mile Eun,) Middlesex Co. N.J. 1717. Freling- liuysen, T. J. 1720^8, Leydt, J. 1748-83, Hardenbergb, J. R. 1786-90, Condict, 1794r-1811, Schureman, 18ia-13, Fonda, Jesse, 1813-17, Ludlow, J. 1817-19, Ferris, I. 1831^, Hardenbergb, J. B. 1825-9, Janeway, J. J. 1880-1, How, 1832-61, Steele, R. H. 1863— C'bartered, 1753, as one corporation with Baritan, North-Branch, (now Eeadington,) Millstone, (now Harlingen,) Six Mile Enn. This charter is published in Dr. Messler's recent work, "Memorial Sermons and Historical Notes," 1873. — See Steele's Hist. Disc, 1867, at 150«A Annvoersary. New-Brttoswick 2d, 1843. Demarest, D. D. 1843-53, Woodbridge, 1852- 7, Wilson, H. M. 1858^2, Schenck, J. W. 1863-6, Hartranft, 1867-78. New-Brtikswick Sd, (Ger.) 1851. Serenbets, 1851-4, Schneeweiss, 1855-8, Hones, (S.S.) 1858-60, Meyer, C. (S.S.) 1863-4, Cludius, 1865-6, Meyer, C. (S.S.) 1867— NEWBTmGH, Orange Co. N.T. 1835. Cruikshank, W. 1835-^, Fisher, I. M. 1838-9, Vanderveer, F. H. 1839-i2, Van Zandt, A. B. 1842-9, McLaren, 1850-9, Mandeville, G. H. 1859-69, Gleason, 1870-6, Carroll, 1876— Doc. Hist. iii. 337-364, (352.) Sketch in Ch. Int. May 2, 1878. New-Castle, see New-Amstel. ' New Concord, Columbia Co. N.Y. 1857. (Previously Congregational.) Decker, 1857-60, Jansen, 1861-4, Jones, D. A. 1864-7, Bevier, (S.S.) 1867- 73, Harris, H. R. (S.S.) 1873^, Mead, (S.S.) 1874r-6, Ashley, (S.S.) 1876— New-Durham, Hudson Co. N.J. 1843. Taylor, W. J. E. 1844-6, Mabon, W. V. V. 1846— New-Foundland, N.J. 1815. Nbw-Hackensack, Dutchess Co. N.T. 1758. Eysdyck, 1765-89, Van Vran- ken, N. 1791-1804, Barcolo, 1805-10, De Witt, T. 1813-26, Dwight, M. W. 1826-33, Van Cleef, C. 1833-66, Ward, 1867— New-Harlem, same as Harlem. New-Harlem, same as Fonda's Bush. New-Haven, (South Ch. Conjr.) Ct. 1852. (Stiles supplied, 1853-7, Noyes, 1857-61, Carroll, 1861-8.) Eef. Ch. 1868. Carroll, 1868-9, Brush, W. ' (S.S.) 1869, Branch, 1869-73. See HallocKs Hist, of South Church of New-Haven. New-Hempstead, now Clarkstown. G14 THE CHURCHES. New-Huelbt, Ulster Co. N.T. 1770. Goetscliius, S. 1775-96, Meyer, J. H. 1799-1803, Froeligh, P. D. 1807-16, Bogardus, W. E. 1817-28, Vander- veer, F. H. 1829-39, Demareat, Wm. 1840-5, Slingerland, 1846-54, Com- fort, 1854-71, Beatty, E. H. 1873— New-Lots, L.I. 1834. Cruikshank, W. 1834-84, Baldwin, J. C. 1886-52, Van Buren, J. M. 1853-78, Wood, C. W. 1874-7, Pearse, N. 1877— New-Millstone, Baiiie as Hillstiorougli and Millstone. New-Paltz, ma. New-Paltz, Ulster Co. N.T. 1863. Originally French Eef. Daille supplied occasionally, 1688-96, (supplied cliiefly by ministers from Kingston ? 1696-1727,) Van Driessen, J. supplied, 1727-86, again, 1751, Schunema, 1753-4, Clialker,1760?Goetschius, J.M. 1760-71, Goetscliius, S. 1775-^ 96, Meyer, J. H. 1799-1808, Froe- ligh, P. D. 1807-16, Bogardus, W. E. 1817-31, Van Olinda, 1883- 44, Vandervoort, 1845-8, Stitt, 1848-65, Peltz, 1865— See Stitt' a Hist. ; Ser. Venten- nial Discs. 261-3 ; Bu Boisr Re- union; Pellz'sSer. at 300-Eochelle, Westchester Co. N.Y. 1688. (French Eef.) Bonrepos, 1688- 96, Bondet, 1696-1709, when he seceded with a portion of his flock, and formed an Episcopal congregation, Rou, 1710-50, Moalinars, (colleague of Eou,) 1718-36, and apparently sole acting pastor, 1736-41, Carle, 1754-64, Tetard, 1764-6. This church was reorganized and incorporated, in 1808, as " The French Church in New-Rochelle," and is now a Presbyterian THE CHURCHES. 615 cUurcli. " Baird^s Hist, of the Suguenot Emigration to America," in prep- aration. See also Doc. Eist. N. Y. iii. 83, 563-577, 708. (Of tlie Beceding Episcopal congregation, Bondet continued pastor, 1709-23, and was suc- ceeded by Stouppe, , and Houdin, 1760-8.)] New-Eoclielle, (Ger.) 1858. New-Saleii, Albany Co. N.T. 1785. Van Huysen, 1793-1825, Blair, Miss, to 1825, Dumont, Miss, to, 1826, Boice, I. C. 1826-9, Fort, 1829-36, West- fall, S. V. E. 1837-47, Van Santvoord, S. (S.S.) 1843-4, Middlemas, 1854- 5, Lansing, A. G. 1858-61, Slauson, 1863-G, Kersliow, 1867-73, Peai-se, Nic. 1873-7, Lansing, A. G. 1878— Ifew-Shannock, same as NecUanic. Kew-Stissing. See Taglikanick and Gallatin. Ne-wtowit, L.L 1731. (Van Basten, 1739-40,) Goetscliius, J. H. 1741-S, Eomeyn, Thos. 1754-60, Boelen, 1766-80, Froeligh, S. 1775-6, Van Xest, R. 1785-97, Kuypers Z.H. 1794-1803, Scboonmaker, J. 1803-49, Garretsou, G. 1. 1885-49, Strong, T. C. 1849-59, Anderson, W. A. 1859-66, Sliepard, 1867—. See Biker's Annals of Jfeictown. Kewtown 3d, 1855. Dickhaut, 1856-61, Weniscli, 1865-6, Steinfulirer, 1867-9, Weniscb, 1874— Newtown, (CI. Een.) 1803. New-Utkecht, L.I. 1677. Van Zauren, 1677-35, (Clark, Jas. 1680-95,) Varick, 1685-94, Lupardas, 1695-1703, Freeman, 1705-41, Antonides, 1705-44, Arondeus, 1743-7, Van Sinderin, 1746-84, Curtenius, 1755-6, Eubel, 1759-83, Sclioonmaker, M. 1784-1834, Lowe, P. 1787-1808, Beattie, 1809-34, Carrie, 1835-66, Sutpben, 1867— See Doc. Hist. i. 413, 430. Sutplien's Mist. Disc. New-Tork City, cnurches in : 1. New- York, (New- Amsterdam,) 1638. Called the Collegiate Cliurcb. Worship was at first conducted in different buildings : (1.) In the Fort, 1628-93. (3.) Garden St. (afterward called the South Church,) 1693-1813, when this church was burned ; after rebuilding, it separated from the Collegiate, and became known as the Scdth Dutch. (3.) Cedar St. cor. Nassau St. 1737-1844. After 1769 known as tlie Middle Church. In 1844 this building was leased to the United States as a Post-Office, and so used until 1874, when the prop- erty was sold. 616 THE CHUECHES. (4.) Fulton St. cor. William St. 1769-18.74. (This was known as tlie North Dutch Church, during its whole existence.) It was built especially for the worship in the English language. (5.) Ninth St. 1836-54. Built in 1832, used as a Collegiate church in - 1838—1855, from 1855 to 1860 separate— given up in 1861. (6.) La Fayette Place, 1839. (This was styled the Middle Church after 1855.) T *% ~5ft ■ -•-_-. ...iovu.m-5U' MinnLE Eeformed Dutch Chitkcb, in Nassau Stkeet, New-Tobk. 1729-1644. (7.) TwENTy-NiNTH St., corner of Fifth Avenue, 1854. (8.) Forty-Eighth St., corner of Fifth Avenue, 1868. Pastors of the Gollegiate Church : Michaelius, 1628-33,? Bogardus, E. 1633- 47, Backerus, 1647-9, Megapolensis, J. 1649-70, (Selyns, at Governor's Bowery, 1663-4,) Drisius, 1652-73, Megapolensis, S. 1664-8, (supplied by Luyck, 1671, Van Niewenhuysen, 1671-83, Selyns, 1682-1701, Du Bois, Gualterus, 1699-1751, Boel, 1713-54, Ritzema, 1744-84, De Ronde, 1751-84, Laidlie, 1764^79, Livingston, J. L. 1770-1810, Linn, 1784-1805, Kuypers, G. A. 1789-1833, Abeel, J. N. 1794-1813, Sohureman, 1809-11, Brodhead, 1809-13, Milledoler, 1813-35, Knox, 1816-58, Strong, P. N. 1816-26, Brown- THE CHURCHES. 61? lee, 1826-48, De Witt, T. 1827-74, Vermilve, T. E. 1839—, Chambers, 1849—, Daryea, Jos. T. 1863-7, Ludlow, Jas. M. 1868-77, Ormiston, 1870—. See Valentine's Manuals N. T. Oen. and Biog. Rec. — Doc. Hid. iii. 69, 72, 74, 241-324, 576, 640, 713. Col. Hist. \. 299 ; ii. 440, 441, 705, 730; iii. 311, 415, 608 ; iv. 400, 630 ; ix. 548. See Amsterdam Correspondence, which is voluminous. Minutes of Church, 1639 to present time. Dr. Thomas De Witt's Hist. Disc., 1854, with BrodJiead's notes. Centennial of North Dutch Qiurch, 1869. Chambers' "Recalling tlie Past." BrodheacCs N. Y. 17ie Several Histories of the City of N.T., as Mary Booth's, Mrs. Laml's. Smitli's Hist. iV. Y. Gunn's Memoir of Dr. J. H. Livingston. Eedgewick's Life of Hon. Wm. Livingston. Mag. R.D.C. iii. 53. (9). Chapels of the Collegiate Church : (o) North, (111 Fulton St.) 1867. McNair, 1867-70, Plum- ley, 1875-6, Park, 1878— (i) De AYitt, (180 West 29th St.) 1865. Hark, W. H. 1865-9, Eertholf, 1869— • (c) Knox Memorial, (514 9th Av.) 1871. De Hartj 1871-7, Thompson, Ab. 1877 — ((?) Seventh Av. cor. 54th St. Clark, W. H. 1869-72, Carroll, V. B. 1873-7, Shaw, A. 1877— 3. African Church, 1823. Jordan, 1823-9. 3. Atenxie B. cor. Fifth St. {Ger.) 1874. Stefcens, 1871-6, Bantley, 1876-7, Schlegel, 1877— 4. Bloomhtgdale, West Seventy-first St. 1805. Bogart, D. S. 1806-7, Gunn, 1809-39, Kip, F. M. 1830-1, suppUed by Labagh, I. P. 1831- 2, Bartiss, 1834, Van Aken, E. 1835— 5. Broadway, afterward Stanton St. 1843. Lillie, 1843-8. In 1843 became Presbyterian. Broome St., moved to Thirty- fourth St. in 1860. Central. See Ninth St. 6. FORDHAM, May 11, 1696. Montaigne, 1696-. ., Tetard, 1712-44, Kitzema, 1744-70, reorganized, 1803; Jackson, J. F. 1819-35, Van Pelt, 1837-47, Cahoone, 1847-8, Bevier, 1851-3, Beattie, Jas. 1854-6, Bolton, 1856-65, Fehrman, 1866-9, Brush, W. 1869-74, Anderson, 1876— Doc. Hist. iii. 576. On Aug. 36,^1739, John Bussing contracted to complete the Fordham Ch. for SA.—Eng. Transl Mints. N.Y. Ch., B. 86. Bolton's WestcJiester, ii. 332, says that as early as 1671 the people of Fordham were obliged to contribute to the support of the Dutch Church at Fordham.— See Dr. Tim. De Wilt's Hist. Appendix to Dr. Dickerson's Dedicatory Ser., 1849. 618 THE CHUECHES. 7. French Reformed, 1683. Daille, 1683-96, Peiret, 1687-1704, La- borei, 1706-9, Rou, 1710-50, MouUnar, 1718-26, Carle, Jeau, 1754- 64, Tetard, 1764^76. The French from Buahwick, Staten Island, Hackensack, and Harlem, came to N.Y.C. to worship from 1683 to 1717, with the exception of a few years, (1687-93,) when Vandenbosch ministered independently on Staten Island.— See Doc. Hist. iii. 75, 83, 350, 363, 373, 381, 385, (395, charter,) 703. &mm'sN.T.'2B% 8. German Reformed, 1758, (Nassau St.) Rosencrantz, 1758-9, Kails, 1759-60, Rothenbergler, 1761-3. (R.D.C. 1763.) Kern, 1763-73, Foering, 1773-4, Gebhard, 1774-6, Gross, 1783-95, Milledoler, 1795- 1800, Will, 1803, Eunkle, 1805-13, Dreyer, 1813-14, Smith, Labagh, ,1814^33, Knouse, 1833-7, Mills, 1833-33, (Smith, Lewis, a Lutheran, 1833-8,) Ebaugh, 1838-9, again 1844^51, ? ? He was recognized as pastor, but without a people, for many years. From 1833 to 1838, this church claimed independency of Classis, and afterward became involved in tedious litigation. — See p. 373, Mints. Ch. N.T., Eiig. Trans., and Bibliography, under Ebaugh. 9. Gbb. Evangel. Miss. (141 East Houston St.) 1838. Rudy, 1839- 43, Quldin, 1843-63, Geyer, 1863— 10. Ger. Evang. 3d, 1848. (Grand St.) Steins, 1849, Birkey, 1853-05. 11. Ger. Evang. 3d, 1853. Dickhaut, 1854, Friedel, 1856-75. 13. Ger. Evang. 4th, 1854. Schwedes, 1855, (1866, Ger. Eef.) 13. Ger. Eef. D. 4Tn, 340 West 40th St. 1858. Oerter, 1858— 14. Greenwich, 1803, (cor. Bleecker and Amos Sts.) Rowan, 1807-19, Hardenbergh, C. 1830-1, Marselus, 1833-58, Van Arsdale, G. C. 1853-4, Marvin, 1855-8, Strong, T. C. 1859-66. Mag. li.B.O. ii. 319. 15. Haklem, (Third Av. and 131st St.) 1660. Supplied by minis, ters from New- York, generally, 1660-1744, Beys, 1710, Ritzema, 1744-65, Schoonniaker, M. 1765-84, Jackson, J. F. 1793-1806, Ro- meyn, J. 1807-14, Vermeule, 1816-36, Schoonmaker, L. 1837-47, Lord, Jer. 1848-69, Mandeville, G. H. 1869— See Mandeville' s Golden Memories. Smit7i's N. Y. 303. 16. Harlem, (Ger.) 1853. Bielfield, 1855. 17. High Bkidge, (Union,) 1874. Du Bois, H. (S.S.) 1875— 18. Holland Ch. (379 West Uth St.) 1866. Uiterwyck, 1866-8, Bechthold, 1870— Houston St. See Seventh Avenue. THE CHURCHES. 619 19. King St., (noio Perry St. cor. West Fourth St.,) Secession, 1833. West- ervelt, S. D. 1839-50, Demarest, 0. T. 1851-63, Van, Houten, 1865— 20. Livingston Ch. (Eiglitli Av.) 1851. Lloyd, 1851-3, McGregor, 1855, Zabriskie, F. N. 1856-9, united witli Tliirty-fourtli St.— See Zdbris- kie's Hist. of. 21. Madison Av. cor. Fifty-eiglith St. Formerly called North-West. 1807. (In Franklin St. tiiri854; tlien in Twenty-tliird St. until 1871; in Madison Av., cor. Fifty-eiglitli St., since 1871.) Bork, 1808-23, Du Bois, G. 1824-37, Hunt, 1837-9, supplied by Harkness. 1840, Hardenbergh, 1840-56, Ganse, 1856-76, Lloyd, W. S. (S.S.) 1877-8, Reed, E. 1878—. . B.D.C. ii. 213. Madison St. Chapel, 18G1. Hardenbergh, J. B. 1861, Blauvelt, A. assistant, 1861. 23. Manhattan, 1839 (Av. B.) Knouse, 1829-33, Van Kleek, 1835. Marcellus, 1835-6, Cornell,. F. F. 1836-56, Collier, Ezra, 1854-6, Wiggins, 1857-70, Cummings, 1870-2. 23. Market St. 1810. McMurray. 1820-35, Ferris, I. 1836-52, Cuyier, T. L. 1854r-9, Duteher, 1863-6. Dissolved, 1869. 24. Melrose. Meuri, 1867-70, Lang, 187.5— 25. MoTT Haven, 1851. Van Doren, W. T. 1853-3, De Pay, 1853^, Euyard, 1858-65, Da Bois, H. 1866— 26. Mt. Pleasant, (Fiftieth St.) 1846. Brett, P. M. 1846-51, Jameson, 1853-62, Miller, W. H. 1863-3, See, I. M. 1864.-7, disbanded. 27. Ninth St. 1831. Kip, F. M. 1831-6, (from 1836 to 54, belonged to Collegiate Ch.,) Van Zandt, A. B. 1856-9. 28. Norfolk St. (No. 129.) (Ger.) 1875. Neef, 1875— 29. North St. 1838. How, S. B., Miss, to, 1828-9, Messier, Miss, to, 1828-9. 30. North Trinity, E.D.C. 1861, (cor. Broadway and Thirty-fourth St.) North- West. See Madison Av. 31. Orchard St. 1836. Teller, 1836-9, Abeel, D. supplied, 1829, Har- denbergh, J. B. 1829-30, supplied by Jaueway, J. J. 1830-1, by Labagli, I. P. 1831-2. 33. Prospect Hill, (Eighty-fifth Street, near Second Av.) 1860, Quackenbush, 1860 — Eivington St. (station.) Shimeall, Miss, to, 1837-8. 620 THE CHUECHES. 33. Sanctity Cli. (Ger.) 17. .. 34. Seventh Avenue, (formerly Houston St.) 1833. Baldwin, E. 1825- 89, De Mund, 1839-48, Wliit«head, 1848-9, Gordon, 1849-58, Butcher, 1858-9, disbanded. 35. Seventh Av. (Ger.) 1857. 86. SotJTn Dutch, (Fifth Av. and Twenty-first St.) In 1813, with- drew from the Collegiate Ch. In Garden St. till 1835, when it divided into Murray St. (since 1848, Fifth Avenue,) and Washington Square. Mathews, 1813-35, Button, M. S. 1834r-5, Macauley, 1837- 63, Rogers, 1862— See Ch. Int., Mar. 4, 1875, for sketch. South ob Garden Steeet Refokmbd Dutch Chuech, New Yoke. 1813^35. (a) South Dutch Mission, West Twenty-fifth St. Goodknight, 1875— Stanton St. See Broadway. 37. Twenty.flrst St. 1836. (After 1869, in Fortieth St.) May, 1839- 48, Van Nest, A. E. 1848-63, Bethune, 1859-63, Thompaon, A. R. 1863-73. 38. TniRTY-FOCKTH St. (No. 307,) formerly Broome St. 1833. Mc- Lean, 1835-6, Brodhead, 1836-37, Van Vranken, S. A. 1837-41 THE CHUECHES. 621 Fisher, G. H. 1841-55, Voorliees, H. V. 1855-6, Stryker, 1856-68, Riley, I. 1868-75, Martyn, 1876— See JuW.ee of. Thirty-fourth St. Miss. (No. 405.) 39. Union, 1859, (No. 25 Sixth Av.) Formed by the union of the Seventh Av. Ch. and the West R.D.C. Dutcher, 1859-63, Hartley 1864-9, Banner, 1870-3, Merritt, 1873— 40. Vandewater St. 1880. Dey, 1830-1. 41. Washington Av. near 157th St. Lang. 43. Washington Heights, 1843. Whitehead, Chas. 1854-63, Voor- hees, H. M. 1863-5. Union. See High Bridge. 48. Washington Square, 1837. Mathews, 1837-43, Hutton, 1837-76. 44. West E.D.C. (Sixth Av.) 1850. Gary, 1851, McKee, 1853-8. (See Union.) 45. West-Farms, 1839. Supplied by Bourne, 1839^3, Collins, B. V. 1843-5, Simonson, 1845-52, Burghardt, 1853-5, Van Wyck, P. 1856-67, Van Slyke, E. 1867-71, Simonson, 1871— Yorkville, (station.) Frey, Miss, to, 1837. See Crreerdeafa Hist, of ChurcJiea in New- York City. Niskatdna, (Nestegauna, Canastigoine,) Schenectady Co. N.T. 1750. San- son Occum, a Mohican Indian from Connecticut, often supplied them ; also Lorenzo Dow, a Methodist ; Romeyn, D., Westerlo, and Van Bunschoten, E. supplied, 1760-90, Demarest, J. 1790-1803, Romeyn, T. 1806-37, McKel- vey, J. 1827-31, Van Wagenen, 1831-5, Raymond, 1836-50, Talmage, G. 1851-5, Wells, C. L. 1855-8, De Baun, J. A. 1858— See Doc. Hint. i. 345 ; De Baun's Hist. Skete/t; SmUJi's N. Y. 306. Nominack, now Minisink. Noordelors, 1855. Noord-HoUand, now North-Holland. Norman's Kill, Albany Co. N.T. 1783 ? See BrodUaSs N. T. i. 81 NOKRIS, Fulton Co. 111. (station.) Bogardus, W. E., Miss, to, 18C8-74, Williamson, N. D. 1870-3, Lansing, A. G. 1873-4, Beekman, A. J. 1874-6, Bumstead, (S.S.) 187G— North-Bergen, (Oer.) Hudson Co. N.J. 1853. Mohn, 1854r^, Becker, 1857-60, Justin, 1865— 622 THE CHURCHES. I North-Blenheim, Sclioliarie Co. N.T. 1850. Scribner, (S.S.) 1847-8, Van Woert, 1850-3, See, W. G. E. 1853-9, Sliafer, 1860-7, Vandewater, 1867-9, Miller, E. 1873— North-Branch, now Eeadington. Nokth-Branch, Somerset Co. N.J. 1835. Fisher, G. H. 1836-30, Wilson, A. D. 1831-8, Campbell, J. K. 1838-54, Doolittle, P. M. 1856— North-Branch, Sullivan Co. N.T. 1871. Elterich. North-Carolina, Johnson, W. L., Miss, in, 1869 — North-Creek, 111. 18G3. NORTH-Esopus, (Port Ewen,) Ulster Co. N.Y. 1851. Taylor, W. 1853-4, Meyers, A. H. 1855-6, Van Dyck, C. L. 1857-66, Arcularius, 1866— North-Qowanus. See Brooklyn. North and SonTH Hampton, (Neshaminy,) Bucks Co. Pa. 1710. (A K.D.C. but in connection with the German Coetus, 1748-71.) Van Vleck, P. 1710-13, Frelinghuysen often supplied, 1731-31, Dorsius, 1737-43, again, 1744-8, Goetscbius, 1738-40, supplied by Schlatter, once a month, 1746-50, Du Bois, Jonathan, 1751-73, Schenck, Wm. 1777-80, Leydt, M. 1780-3, Stryker, P. 1788-90, Brush, J. C. 1794-6, Larzalere, 1797-1828, Halsey, A. O. 1839-67, Knowlton, 1860-4, De Hart, 1868-71, Voorhees, H. M. 1871-7, Lippincott, 1877— See Bams' Hist, of Bucks Co. Pa. North-Hbmpstbad, L.I. 1816. (Success, 1731.) (Van Basten, 1739^0,) Goetschius, J. H. 1741^, Eomeyn, Thos. 1754-60, Boelen, 1766-73, Froe- ligh, S. 1775-6, Van Nest, R. 1785-97, Kuypers, Z. H. 1794-1834, Bogert, D. S. 1813-36, Heermance, Henry, 1836-7, Otterson, 1828-34, Eobb, 1835- 7, Gordon, 1838-43, Sheffield, 1843-6, Scboonmaker, R. L. 1847-53. Demarest, Jas. (Sr.) 1853-9, Boice, 1859-70, Davis, W. E. 1871— See Onderdonk's Annals ; Moore's Hist, of; Oen. and Biog. Reo. s. 1-19. North-Hoboken, 18.. North-Holland, (Noord-Holland), Ottawa Co. Mich. 1852, revived, 1856. Oggel, E. C. 1866-9, Van Ess, 1870— North-Marbletown. See Marbletown 3d. Northumberland, Saratoga Co. N.Y. 1820. Hair, 1839-31, May, 1835-8, WyckofE, C. 1838-41, Slauson, 1843-53, Van Wyck, P. 1853-6, McCartney, 1857-63, Markle, 1864-5, Kellogg, 1867-72, Labaw, 1873-4, Ford, 1875— Norwood Park, Cook Co. 111. 1870. Gulick, U. 1870-3, Gulick, A.V. 1873— Nyack, Rockland Co. N.T. 1838. Brett, P. M. 1838^3, Hagaman, C. S. 1842-53, Van Zandt, B. 1853-5, Lord, T>. 1856-60, Marvin, 1860-70, Voorhees, H. V. 1871-8. THE CllUKCHUS. 623 Oak Hi]], 1798. Same as Durham. Old Stissing, (Ger.) 17. .. See Gallatin. Olive, now Shokau. Onisquethaw, Albany Co. N.T. 1839. Existed previously as Presbyt. Van Santvoord, S. 1839-64, Millspaugb, 1&66-73, Vedder, E.,1873— OosTBDKG, Sheboygan Co. Wis. 1850. Vauder Scheur, 1856-66, Karsteu, 1867-69, Te Winkle, 1869-71, Hoffman, J. 1874^ Oppenheim, Fulton Co. N.X. 1810. De Voe, 1811-16. Oppenheim 2d, 1826. Vanderveer, John, Miss, to, 1823. Orange, Essex Co. N.J. 1875. Bishop, G. S. 1875— Okange City, Sioux Co. Iowa, 1871. Bolks, 1871-8, Buursma, 1878— Okakge City, (at West-Branch,) Sioux Co. Iowa, 1877. Osquak, (Asquach,) (CI. Montgomery,) 1813. Morris, J., Miss, to, 1829. Oiquak, Secession, (Asquach,) 1823. Goetschius, S. Z. 1823-4. Otley, Marion Co. Iowa, 1870. Lansing, A. G. 1870-2, Meulendyk, (S.S.) 1877— OvERYSSKl., Allegan Co. Mich. 1851. Organization came from Holland. Bolks, 1851-3, Nykerk, 1858- . ., and Lepeltak, 1877— Overyssel, East. See East-Overyssel. Ovid, Seneca Co. K.T. 1808. Brokaw, Ab. 1809-22, Vanderveer, F. H., Miss, to, 1823, Vanderveer, J., Miss, to, 1823, Van Vechten, S., Miss, to, 1823-4, Morris, J. 1824-8. The secession divided this church. See Lodi. Oiiid, Secession, 1822. McNeU, 183. . OwAsco, Cayuga Co. JT.T. 1796. Brokaw, Ab. 179. .-1808, Brinkerhoff, G. G. 1809-12, Ten Eyck, C. 1812-26, Hammond, J. 1831-9, Evans, Wm. 1839-46, Dutcher, 1846-50, Raymond, 1851-3, Ingalls, 1853-64, Peeke, A. P. 1865-72, Peeke, G. H. 1872-5, Myers, A. E. 1877-9. Col. J. L. Hardenbergh, Lieut, of 2d Reg., N.T. 1777-83, accompanied Gen. Sullivan against the Iroquois in 1787. He surveyed the military tract for bounty lands in Central X.T., in 1789, and settled on Lot 47, (now - Auburn, N.T.) in 1793. In 1795, ten families migrated from Gettysburgh, Pa., and settled three miles up the Owasco. On Sept. 23, 1796, these organ- ized a R.D.C. [Rev. Dr. Hawley's Hist. Disc, at Avhurn, 1869.) Oicasco, Secession, 1823. McNeil, 1823-3. ., Johnson, Wm. 1838—? Owasco Outlet, (Sand Beach,) Cayuga Co. X.T. 1812. Ten Eyck, C. 1812- 26, Westfall, 1827-8, Dunlap, Jliss. to, 1828-9, Heermance, Henry, March- 624 THE CHUECHES. Nov. 1829, Tarbell, 1830-3, Rogers, L. 1833-4, Kirkwood, 1836-7, Moule, 1839-41 Knitrht, E. W. 1843-4, Winfield, 1844^50, Brown, S. K. 1851-9, Garretson, J. 1861-4, Schenck, J. V. N. 1865-7, Brown, S. R. (S.S.) 1867- 9, Huntington, 1870-1, Dean, 1873-5, Lawrence, (S.S.) 1877-8. In 1816, 351 were added to tlie church as the result of a single revival. See Rev. A. Dean's Hist Disc, in i\r. T. M>ang., July 23, 1875. OrsTEB Bat, (Wolver Hollow,) L.I. 1733. (Van Basten, 1739-40,) Goet- Bchius, J. H. 1741-8, Eomeyn, T. 1754-60, Boelen, 1766-80, Froeligh, S. 1775-6, Van Nest, B. 1785-97, Kuypers, Z. H. 1794-1834. Bogart, D. S. 1813-26, Heermance, Henry, 1836-7, Otterson, 1837-34, Quinn, 1835-41, Gregory, T. B. 1841-4, Oakey, 1844-7, Smith, N. E. 1847-53, McNair, 1853-5, De Baun, 1855-8, Lowe, J. C. 1859-63, Searle, J. 1863-6, Smock, 1866-71, Swick, 1871-7, Davis, J. A. 1878— Paghkatghkan, 1800. See Coshington and Middletown, Delaware Co. N.T. Paine's Point and White Rock, Ogle Co. HI. 1870. Paiston Kill, 1793. See Mints. G.8. i. 356. Palatine, see St. Johnsville, 1825. Van Olinda, 1835-30, Van Cleef, C. (col- league) 1836. Doc. Hist. i. 341; iii. 674, 683, 680. Palisades, Bergen Co. N.J. 1866. Vermilye, D., Miss, to, 1866-8, See, I. M., Miss, to, 1868-73, Davis, J. A. 1872-3, Mattice, H. 1873-8, Bogardus, 1879— Panna, now Ponds. Paramtjs, Bergen Co. 1725. Erickzon, 1735-8, Mancius, 1730-1, supplied by Curtenius and Van Driessen, J. 1731-48, Vanderlinde, 1748-89, Kuy- pers, G. A. 1788-9, Blauvelt, I. 1790-1, Kuypers, W. P. 1793-6, Eltinge, W. 1799-1850, Winfield, 1851-6, C6rwin, 1857-63, De Mund, 1864^9, TaL mage, G. 1871-9. See Winfield'n Sketch of, and Connn's Manual and Record of. Paramus, Secession, 1833. Brinkerlioof, J. G. 1838-44, Yan Houten, 1858-62. Pabkebsbukg, Butler Co. Iowa. De Beer, 1875 — Pasaick, N.Y. 179. . See Mints. Gen. Syn. i. 315. Pascack, Bergen Co. N.J. 1814. Goetschius, S. 1814^35, Manley, 1834^53, Demarest, J. T. 1854-67, Bartholf, 1868-73, Lodewick, 1875— Passaic, Passaic Co. N.J. churches in : 1. AQUACKATfONCK, 1693. Bertholf, G. 1694-1734, Du Bois, Gid. 1734-6, Coens, 1736-35, Van Driessen, J. 1735-48, Marinus, 1753- 73, Schoonmaker, H. 1774^1816, Froeligh, P. D. 1816-35, Taylor, TUB CHURCHES. 625 B. C. 1825-8, Paulison, 1829-31, Bogardus, W. E. 1831-56, Strong, J. P. 1856-69, Gaston, 1869— See Amst. Cor. and MS. Hist. Ser. by Gaston. 2. Aquackanonck, Secession, 1825. Frodigh, P. D. 1825-7, Berdan, 1830— 3. Passaic 2d, (Xorth,) 1868. Strong, J. P. 1869-71, Kellogg, 1872— 4. Passaic, {Bol.) 18T3. Eederus, F. 1875-6, Hazenberg, 1877— Paterson, Passaic Co. N.J. churches in : 1. TOTOWA 1st, (formerly on Main St., now on Division St.) 1755. Marinas, 1756-73, (Blauw, Conferentie, 1762-8,) Meyer, H. 1772-91, Schoonmaker, H. 1799-1816, Eltinge, W. 1816-33, Vandervoort, 1834-7, Wiggins, 1837-56, Peltz, 1857-60, McKelvey, A. 1860-5, Steele, J. 1865-77, Raymond, A. W. 1878— 3. TOTOWA 3d, (Water St.) 1837. Field, J. T. 1828-33, Cole, 1. 1833, Liddell, 1834-S, Daryea, John H. 1839— 3. Secession, Independent, (Water St.) 1838. Amerman, 1843-55. 4. Holland \st, Clinton St. 1856. [De Eooy, (S.S.) 1856-8, Huyssoon, (S.S.) 1859-63, when the church was reorganized.] Huyssoon, 1863-5, Bahler, P. B. 1867-8, Huyssoon, 1868— 5. (HoUandish Secession, cor. Bridge and River Sts.) 1858. Be Booff, 1858-68, Bechthold, 1864-6. 6. Bkoadwat, 1864. Halloway, W. W. 1865-73, Clark, W. H. 1873— 7. Main St. (Hoi. 2d,) 1866. Bechthold, 1866-7, Kasse, 1868-74; disbanded 1875. 8. Sixth, (Hoi.) Godwin St. 1867. Eutte, 1867-. ., Houbolt, 1873-7. 9. Union Reformed, (Hoi) Market St. 1879. Pawagtenog, apparently the same as Xew-Paltz 3d. In 1778, Rynier Van Nest was minister there in connection with Shawanguuk. Mins. of old Glassis of Kingston. Peapack, Somerset Co. N.J. 1848. Anderson, W. 1849-56, Thompson, H. P. 1857-73, Anderson, C. T. 1874^ Peekskill, Westchester Co. N.Y. 1799. At first Congregational. In 1834 merged in the church of Courtlandtown. Manley, W. 1800-6. See Courtlandtown. Peekskill, Westchester Co. N.T. 1850. Buck, 1850-70, Searle, Jer. 1871-3, Thompson, J. B. 1873-4, Kip, I. L. 1874— 40 626 THE CIIUKCUES. Peenpack, (near Port Jervis,) 1761. Huguenots and Hollanders from Ulster Co. N.Y. settled here about 1730. See MiUs' Hist. Disc. 1874, p. 4. Pekin, Tazewell Co. 111. 1843. Williamson, 1843-8, Westfall, 1849-56, Lloyd, 1857-60, Williamson, N. D. (S.S.) 1861-3, Gulick, U. D. 1862-70, Thompson, Ab. (S.S.) 1871-3, Livingston, E. P. (S.S.) 1873-8, pastor, 1878— Pekin 3d, 1874. Shulke, 1876— Pblla 1st, Marion Co. Iowa, 1856. Oggel, P. 1860-3, Winter, 1866— Pella. 3d, 1863. Thompson, A., Miss, to, 1862-8, 18C8-71, (S.S.) 1873-4, Schermerhorn, H. E. 1875— Pella 3d, 1869. Lansing, A. G., Miss, at, 1868-70, Weiland, 1870-6, Zubli, (S.S.) 1876, Rederus, F. 1876— Pella 4th, 1869. Vanderkley, 1871-3, Stobbelaer, 1873-9, independent. Peokia, Peoria Co. 111. 1873. Muller, 1872— Persippany, or Boonton, now Montville. Peters Valley. See Walpack, Upper. Philadelphia, Pa., churches in : 1. [Philadelphia,~(aer.) 1726. Weiss, 1726-9, Boehm, J. 1729-47, Schlatter, 1746-55, (Rubel, 1751-5,) Kails, 1756-7^ Steiner, 1757-63, Rothenbergler, 1763-5, Weyberg, 1763-90, Winckhaus, 1790-3, Hendel, 1794-8, Helffenstein, S. 1800-31, Sprole, 1833-7, Berg, J. F. 1837-52, Reed, S. H , Bomberger, Neviu, ETH ] See Van Horn's Hist, of, 1876 ; Berg's Hist. of. 3. Philadelphia, (Evang. Ref. ; first in Crown St., afterwards cor. Spring Garden and Seventh,) 1813. This church consisted of the English-speaking portion of the old Ger. Ref. They first separated in 1806, and united with the R.D.C. in 1813. (Eastburn, Jos. 1806- 8, Burch, Jas. K. (S.S.) 1809-13,) Brodhead, 1813-26, Livingston, G. R. 1836-34, Bethune, 1834-6, Hardenbergh, J. B. 1836-40, Van Arsdale, C. C. 1841-9, Willetts, A. A. 1849-60, Suydam, 1862-9, Orr, Thos. 1869— See Evang. Quarterly, ii. 151. Also ii. 329, 320 ; iii. 230, for judicial deci- sion concerning the property. 3. Philadelphia 2d, (in Eanstead Court,) 1818. Now the Seventh Presbyterian. In 1817 the old Ger. element was driven out of the original Ger. Ch. and they organized a new Ger. Ch. (the 2d,) in John St., and the original Ger. Ch. became English. — Berg's ser- mon, p. 31, 33. Parker, D. 1818-20. 4. Philadelphia 2d, (Eighth St.) 1817. Hoff, 1818-24, Sears, 1835-33, Babbit, 1834-5, Gosman, 1835-6. THE CHURCHES. 627 5. Philadelphia, (Manathxk,) now known as the 4th, 1829. Van Cleef, C, Miss, to, 1826-8, Robertson, Miss, to, 1828, Kirk wood. Miss, to, 1828-9, Bumstead, 1830-41, Qiiinn, 1842-7, Little, 1848-50, Gates, 1851-4, Fulton, 1855-March, 1865 ; again, Xov. 1865-0, Tal- mage, P. S. 1870-V4, McDermond, 3 months, 1875, Cook, W. W. 1876— 6. PHiLADELPHrA 2d, 1852 (Seventh St.) This was a reorganization of the Eighth St. Church. Berg, J. F., 1852-61, Talmage, T. D. W. 1802-9, Hartley, 1870-71, Masden, 1872— 7. Philadelphia, (Eosborough,) 1836. Bumstead, 1838-54, (Presbyt.) 8. Philadelphia 3d, 1837. (Tenth and Filbert St.) Bethune, 1837- 49, Livingston, H. G. 1849-54, Taylor, W. J. E. 1854-62, Wort- man, 1868-5, Schenck, J. W. 1866-8, Wadsworth, Chas. 1869-74, Van Nest, A. E. 1878— The legal decision conceminor the church property may be seen in C't. lat.. Nov. 16, 30, 1876. 9. Philadelphia 4th, 1862. Gramm,1862-7. 10. Philadelphia, (Bethune Ch.) 1868. Talmage, P. S. 1868. 11. Philadelphia 5te, (Kensington,) 1868. Meerwein, 1868-9, Stoll, 1874— Philadelphia, Bethlehem Mission. Stryker, P. S., Miss, at, 1869. See Mev. Dr. W. J. 2i. Taylor's Hist, of li. D. Cliurches in Philadelphia. Also Buydam's Hist, sermon. Philipsburgh, now Tarrytown, Courtlandtown, etc. PiEKMONT, Rockland Co. N.T. 1888. Crispell, 1842-7, Lord, D. 1847-50, Berry, J. R. 1850-1, West, 1852-5, Jewett, 1857-9, Decker, 1860-5, Todd, A. 1865-71, Stitt, W. C. 1871— Piermont 2d, 1851. Van Doren, W. H. 1852-8. Piffardinia, Livingston Co. N.T. 1847. Compton, 1850-1. Pittsford, Hillsdale Co. Mich. 1863. Vermilye, D. 1863-6. Pittstown, Rensselaer Co. N.Y. 1799. Froeligh, P. D. 1802-7. Plainfield, Central, Union Co. N.J. 1863. Simonson, 1864-9, Smith, X. E. 1869-71, when the church was transferred to the Congregationalists. P^ainpield, (Ger.) 1858. Neef, (S.S.) 1858-60, pastor, 1860-4, Wolff 1865-6, Schweitzer, 1873. Plattekill, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1838. (An out-station of Flatbush, from 1804.) 628 THE CHUKCUKP. Overbagh, 1834-8. Brodhead, 1837-41, Bclienck, M. h. 1840-53, Cliapman, 1854-64, Cole, S. T. 1864-8, Schenck, M. L. 1869-73, See, W. G. E.1873— Pleasant Plains, N.Y. 1810. Wynkoop, P. S. 1817-23 ; in 1823 ch. became Presbyt. Polkton, Mich. 1834. POLKTON, (Eastmanville,) Ottawa Co. Mich. 1858. Vandermeulen, J. C. 1863-4, Huyssoon, 1866-8, Buursma, 1869-73, Kiekentveldt, 1873-6, Brock, D. 1876— Pompton, now Pompton Plains. POMPTON, Passaic Co. N.J. 1814. Field, 1816-37, Shimeall, Oct. 1828-May, 1839, De Mund, 1830-9, Doolittle, H. 1840-53, Gaston, 1853-63, Janseu, John, 1863— See Jansen's Semi-centennial of. Pompton Plains, Morris Co. N.J. 1736. There was preaching here as early as 1713, it being an out-station of Ponds church. In 1763 tlie Coetus party built on present site, and in 1771 the two parties were united. (Bertholf, G. (S.S.) 1713-34, Coens, 1725-30, Van Driessen, J., 1735-48, Marinus, 1753-73, (Blauw, Conferentie, 1762-8,) Meyer, H. (1772-91, Ostrander, S. 1793-1809, Fieild, 1813-15, Neal, 1817-28, Messier, 1829-32, Talmage, J. E. 1833-6, Schanck, G. C. 1837-53, Shepard, 1853-8, Harris, 1858-67, Schenck, J. V. N. 1867-71, Whitehead, 1873— See Sclienck's Hist. Ser. Ponds, (Panna,) Bergen Co. N.J. 1710. Bertholf, G. (S.Sn710-34, Coens, 1730-5, Van Driessen, J. (S.S.) 1735-48, Vanderliiide, 1748-88, Leydt, P. 1789-93, De Witt, P. 1798-1809, Demarest, John, 1812-30, Kuypers, Z. H. 1835-41, Thompson, W. J. 1843-5, Collins, B. V. 1845-67, Vandewater, 1869-73, Chambers, T. F. 1873-6, Wilson, P. Q. (S.S.) 1877— See OoUins' Hist. Ser. Pooster-Kill, Secession, Rensselaer Co. N. T. 1834. Lansing, J. V. S. 1834-6, Bellenger, 1839-77. PORTEK, Midland Co. Mich. 1859. Bailey, 1859-63, Beardsley, (S.S.) 1764-70. Port Jackson, Montgomery Co. N.Y. 1850. Eoof, 1850-5, Gates, 1856-7, Duryea, I. G. 1859-63, Voorhees, H. M. 1863-5, Quick, A. M. 1865-9, Pet- tiugill, (S.S.) 1870-3, Minor, 1873— ' Port Jervis. See Deer Park. Port Washington, (station.) Smith, N. E., Miss, to, 1845-7. Pottersdam, now Eockaway, or Whitehouse. POTTERSVILLE, Hunterdon Co. N.J. 1865. Jones, T. W. 1867-70, Carroll, V. B. 1871-3, Davis, J. A. 1873-8, Hoffman, W. H. 1878— THE CHURCHES. 629 Pottsvjlle, Pa. (station,) 1830. Dupont, Mies, to, 1829, Talmage, J. R., Miss, to, 1829-31. PODGHKEEPSIE, Dutchess Co. X.Y. 1716. Van Driessen, J., supplied occa- sionally, 1727-35, again, 1751, Van Scliie, 1731-8, Meinema, 1745-55, or 58, Van Nist, 1758-61, Sclioonmaker, H. 1763-74, Rysdyck, 1763-72, (See M.G.S. i. 31, etc.) Van Voorhees, S. 1773-6, (Froeligb, S. 1776-80, Living- ston, J. H. 1781-3, Gray, A. 1790-3, Brower. 1794-7, Cuyler, C. C. 1808-33, Van Vranken, S. A. 1834-7, Maun, 1837-57, McEckron, 1858-66, Van Gieson, 1867— POUGHKEEPSIE 2d, 1847. Whitehead, 1850-3, Hagaman, C. S. 1853-70, Elmendorf, J. 1872— Prairievllle, Barry Co. Mich. 1842. Prattsville, (Windham, Dyse's Manor,) Greene Co. N.Y. 1798. Paige, 1814-29, Stimpson, 1829-33, VauDyck, H. 1838-5, Gregory, T. B. 1836-41, Depuy, 1841-6, Wyckoff, A. V. 1846-51, Hammond, E. S. 1852-4, Johns, 1855-9, Gilbert, 1861-6, Dusenberre, 1866-70, Carr, 1870-5, Garretson, Jas. C. 1875-7, Sebring, E. N. 1877— Preaksess, Passaic Co N.J. 1798. (Supplied by DeWitt, P., Demarest John, Field, and Neal, 1801-24,) Kuypers, Z. H. 1825^1, Staats, 1843-61, Durand, 1862^, Cole, S. T. 1868-72, Zabriskie, A. A. 1872-8, WyckofF, B. V. D. 1878— Princetown, Albany Co. N.T. 1821. Whiting, 18. .-22, Dewing, Miss, to, 1823, Van Vechten, S., Miss, to, 1822-8, Blair, Miss, to, 1824, Hardenbergh, J. B. 1824-5, Blair, 1835-7, Bogardus, N. (S.S.) 1828? Lockwood, L. R. 1833-4, Ingalls, (S.S.) 1838-9, Davies, 1843-7, Rosencrautz, J. 1849-50, Hall, D. B. (S.S.) 1856-63, Ricketts, (S.S.) 1863-5, Hall, D. B. 186.5-9, Raymond, H. A., supplied, 1871, Rhinehardt, 1873— Pui.TNEYVTLLE, (East- Williamson,) Wayne Co. N.Y. 1851. Morris, J., Miss, to, 1824-5, Kasse, 1853-61, Veenhuizen, 1863-70, Bahler, P. G. M. 1871— Queens, Queens Co. N.T. (L.I.) 1858. Hammond, J. W. 1859-63. Wyckoff, Jas. 1864^71, Nicholls, 1871-5, Hagaman, A. 1875— Queens Co. L.I. A general name embracing the collegiate charges of Ja- maica, Oyster Bay, Success, and Newtown, and sometimes Gravesend. Boc. Hist. N. Y. iii. 75, 118-206 ; Smilli's N.T. 316. Quincy, Adams Co. 111. 1858. Conrad, Miss, to, 1858-9. Rabbit River, Allegan Co. Mich. Same as Zabriskie and Hamilton. Ramapo, Bergen Co. N.J. 1785. Leydt, P. 1789-93, Brinkerhoff, G. G. 1793- (1867)? Demarest, J. D. 1808-34, Wynkoop, Jef. 1835-36, Allen, P. 1837- 53, Van Doren, W. T. 1853-7, -Demarest, W. 1858-71, Magee, 1871-5. 630 THE CHURCHES. Mamapo, Secession, 1824 Demarest, J. D. 1834-58, Be Baun, J. T. 1856-60. Eamsey's, Bergen Co. N.J. 1875. Earitan, (Somerville,) Somerset Co. N.J. 1699. Supplied by Bertbolf, Gf. occasionally, 1699-1730, Frelingliuysen, T. J. 1730-48, Frelingliuysen, J. 1750-4, (Arondeus, Conferentie, 1747-54,) Hardenbergh, J. B. 1758-81, Eomeyn, T. P. 1784-5, Duryea, John, 1785-99, Vredenbergh, 1800-31, Van Kleek, 1836-31, Messier, 1833— Chartered, 1753. See New-Brunswick. See also Br. MessUr'a Memorial Sermons and Hist. Notes, 1878. Raritan 3d, (Somerville,) 1834. Whitebead, 1835-9, Chambers, T. W., 1840-9, Craven, 1850-4, Mesick, 1855— Ramtan 3d, 1848. Stryker, P. 1848-51, Cornell, J. A. H. 1851-6, Le Fevre, 1857-75, Pool, 1875— Raritan, (Honey Creek,) Henderson Co. 111. 1856. Eltinge, C. D. 1856-61, Biimstead, 1861-76, Adam, (S.S.) 1876-7. Eeadington, (formerly called North-Branch,) Somerset Co. N.J. 1719. At North-Branch till 1738, when removed to Readington. Freliughuysen, T. J. 1720-48, Frelinghuysen, J. 1750-^, Hardenbergh, 1758-81, Lydek- ker, Conferentie, supplied, 1767, Van Arsdale, S. 1783-7, Studdiford, P. 1787-1836, Van Liew, J. 1838-69, Van Slyke, J. G. 1869-70, Smock, 1871— Chartered in 1753. See New-Brunswick. See Van Liew's Ser. and Br. Messler's Mem. Sermons and Hist. Notes, 1873. Redford, Wayne Co. Mich. 1858. Michael, Dan., Miss, to, 1836-47. Red Hook, same as Upper Red Hook. Red Hook Landing, Dutchess Co. N.T. 1768. Supplied by Fryenmoet, 1766, by Kuypers, W. 1769-71, by Romeyn, D. 1773-4, by De Ronde, 1780 ; De Witt, P. 1788-9, Romeyn, J. 1794^1806, Kittle, 1807-15, Rudy, (S.S.) 1825-35. Remsenbush, now Florida. Rem Snyder's Bush, 1824. Ketchum, Miss, to, 1823. Rensselaer, Albany Co., N.T. 1848. McCartney, 1849-57, Bevier, 1860-3, Raymond, 1864-71, Taylor, G. I. 1874— Rensselaerwyck, now Albany. Rexfordville. See Amity. Rhinebeck, (Rhinebeck Flats,) Dutchess Co. N.Y. 1731. Supplied by Vas, 1731-42, Weiss, 1743-5, Van Hovenbergh, 1756-64, Kuypers, Warnoldus, 1709-71, Van Voorhees, 1770-84, De Witt, P. 1787-98, Romeyn, J. B. 1790- THE CHURCHES. 631 1803, Brodliead, 1804-9, McMurray, 1812-30, Parker, D. 1820-6, Labagli, A. I. (evangelist,) 1826-7, Betliune, 1827-30, Hardenbergh, J. B. 1830-6, Lillie, 1837-.., Hoff, 1842-51, Stryker, P. 1851-6, Miller, W. A. 1856-9, Timlow, 1800-6, Talmage, G. 1867-71, Peeke, A. P. 1872-9. Bbinebeck, fRliyn-Beck,] {Oer.) May 23, 1734. Weiss, (S.S.) 1734^46, Bubel, 1755-9, Cock, 1763-84, De Witt, P. 1787-98. This cliurcli was re- moved to Red Hook Village about 1805-10, and is now a Lutheran cburch. Richmond, Richmond Co. S.Y. (see Stateu Island,) 1808. Van Pelt, 1808- 35, Brownlee, Jas. 1835-53, Peeke, T. R. G. 1854-60. White, E. N. 1859-63, Fehrman, 1863-6, Sinclair, 1866-75, Kip, F. M. 1876— Ridgeway, Lenawee Co. Mich. 1842. De Witt, J. 1842^, Minor, 1845-8, Taylor, A. B. 1849-52, Kershow, 1853-5, Eeidler, 1855-6. See South- Macon. RiDGEWOOD, Bergen Co. N.J. 1875. Van Neste, J. A. 1875 — Rochester, Ulster Co. N.T. 1701. Frelinghuysen, Jac. called 1753, but died, Frelinghuysen, H. 1756-7, Romeyn, D. 1766-75, Van Horn, A. 1789- 95, Mandeville, G. 1798-1803, Westervelt, B. 1802-8, Murphy, 1814-25, Morse, B. V., Miss, to, 1828, Westfall, B. B. 1828-38, Mesick, 1838-40, WyckofE, C. 1841-65, Strong, S. W. 1865-70, Hastings, 1870-6, Church, 1877— Chartered, 1766, with Wawarsing and Marbletown. See Ulster Co. N.T. Doc. Hist. iii. 600. Rochester, Monroe Co. N.T. 1853. Veenhuysen, 1853-3, Wust, 1856-64, Kriekaard, 1866-8, Biihler, P. 1668-73, De Bruyn, 1873— Rockaway. See Lebanon. ROCKAWAT, (Potterstown,) in Wbitehouse, Hunterdon Co. N.J. 1793. Dur- yea, J. 1799-1801, Demarest, C. T. 1808-13, Schultz, 1816-34, William- sou, P. S. 1835-9, OttersoD, 1840-5, Talmage, G. 1845-51, Comfort, 1852-4, Lloyd, 1855-6, Sturges, 1857-63, Van Slyke, 1865-7, Bailey, W. 1868— Rocky Hili-, Somerset Co. N.J. 1857. Schenck, M. S. 1857-65, Gesner, 1865-71, Berg, H. C. 1873-9. Rome, same as Wurtsboro' or Mamakating. Root, now Currytown. ROSELAKD, Cook Co. m. 1879. Kriekaard, 1879— BOSENDALE, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1843. McFarland, 1844-5, Strong, T. C. 1845-9, Eckel, 1850-3, Lente, 1855-63, Beardsley, 1863, Bevier, 1864-7, Liebenau, (S.S.) 1867-70, Pastor, 1870-6, Schenck, I. S. 1877— Rotterdam, Mitchell Co. Kansas, 1871. Hoekje, 1878— 632 THE CHUECHES. EoTTBRDAM. See Sclienectady Sd. EoTTBBDAM 3D, 1833. See Schenectady. Roxborougli, in PhiladelpLia. RoxBtJRY, (Beaverdam,) Delaware Co. N.T. 1803, records begin. Reorgan- ization, 1835. Boyd, Josh., Miss, to, 1836-7, Knight, R. W. 1838-41, Hill- man, 1843-5, Bronson, A. 1835-G, Evans, C. A. 1849-50, Turner, 1850-63, Rhinehart, 1863-73, Hammond, J. W. 1873-5, Miller, B.C. 1875— Sacondaga, (CI. Montgomery,) 1789. Doc. Hist. iii. 684. Saddle Rivee, Bergen Co. N.J. 1784, till 1789 one consistory with Para- mus. Vanderlinde, 1784^9, Kuypers, G. A. 1788-9, Blauvelt, 1790-1, Kuypers, W. P. 1793-6, Eltinge, W. 1799-1811, Goetschius, 1814-35, Manley, J. 183^66, Meyers, A. H. 1866-73, Bogardus, W. E. 1874— Sagertisses, now Saugerties. Salem, now New-Salem. Salisbury, Herkimer Co. N.T. 1833. Ketchum, 1833-3. Doc. Hist. iii. 674, 696. Salt River, Mercer Co. Ky. 1796. Labagh, P., Miss, to, 1796-7, Kyle, 1804- 16, In 1817, CI. New-Brunswick recommended it to become Presbyterian, Samsonville, 1851. Now Krumville. Sand Beach, now Owasco Outlet. Sand Ridge, 111. Meulendyk, (S.S.) 1877-9. Sandusky City, (CI. Michigan), 1855. Kuss, 1855-6. Sakatoqa, (Schuylerville,) Saratoga Co. N.Y. 1780. Smith, S. 1789-1800, Duryea, P. H. 1802-28 (?) Boyd, H. M. 1830-3, May, 1836-9, Jones, D. A. 1839-44, Chester, 1844-9, Searle, S. T, 1850-7, Merrill, 1858-61, Lansing, A. G. 1862-8, Collier, I. H. 1869-73, Van Doren, D. K. 1875— Satjgatuck, Mich. 1868. Brock, D. 1870-5, Nies, 1876— Saugerties, (Sagertisses.) Ulster Co. N.Y. 1839. Ostrander, H. 1839-40, Van Santvoord, C. S. 1840-54, Elmendorf, J. 1855-63, Gaston, 1863-9, Thompson, J. B. 1869-71, Cobb, S. H. 1871— Some confusion appears between the names of Saugerties and Caatsban. The old organization, 1730, was at Caatsban, near West-Camp, and what is now the church in the village of Saugerties was originally an out-station of Caatsban. In 1839, it having become desirable to have an organization in the village, through some technical error probably, the new church retained the old organization and the records, and it became necessary to reorgan- ize a church at Caatsban. See Caatsban. THE CHURCHES. 633 Satville, L.I. 1863. Jongeneel, 1866-71, Van Emmerick, 1873 SCHAGHTICOKE, Saratoga Co. N.T. 1707. Supplied by Frelinghuysen, T. quarterly, 1745-59, by Westerlo, 1760-73 ; Van Bunschooten, E. 1773-85, De Sonde, supplied, 1776-84, pastor, 1784-95, Paige, 1793-1807, Ostran- der, S. 1810-31, Switz, 1823-9, Marcellus, 1831-4. Boyd, H. M. 1835-41, Ackerson, 1842-4, Meyers, A. H. (S.S.) 1844r^, Fonda, J. D. 1848-56, Van Brunt, (S.S.) 1857-61, White, G. 1864^9, Viele, 1871-3, Cole, S. T. 1873-9. See Amst. Cor. Doc. Hist. i. 245. Schenectady, Schenectady Co. N.Y., churches in: 1. Schenectady, N.V. (Church St.) 1675. (An ont-station of Albany, 1663-80. See Flats.) Supplied by Schaats, 1662-83, Tesschen- maeker, 1683-90, supplied by Dellius, 1690-9, Freeman, 1700-5. supplied by Lydius, 1705-9, [Barclay, Episc. 1709-13,] Brower, T. 1715-38, Erickzon, 1738-36, (chartered, 1734,) Van Santvoord, C. 1743-53, Vrooman, 1754r-84, (Eng. Lang, began to be introduced,) Bo- meyn, D. 1784^1804, Sickles, (colleague,) 1794-7, Meyer, J. H. 1803- 6, Bogardus, C. 1808-11, Van Vechten, 1814-49, Taylor, W. J. R. 1849-53, Seelye, J. H. 1854r-8, Seelye, E. E. 1858-64, Wortman, 1865-70, Vermilye, A. G. 1871-6, Griffis, 1877— See Amst. Cor.; Col. Hist, see Indsx, Schenectady; particular refer- ences to the church, iv. 541, 727, 739, 733, 767, 833, 835, 983, v. 656, vi. 160, vii. 398, Till. 383. Doe. Hist. i. 179-195, 343, 340, iii. 536, 540, 553, 638, 685. Smith's W.Y. 305. Mag. R.D.C. ii. 328. Manual aiicli Directory of the Church of, 1878. 3. Rotterdam, (or Schenectady 3d,) 1799. Van Zandt, P. 1818-22, Searie, J. 1833-7, Boyd, Josh. 1838-36, Mead, 1844-9, Jukes, 1856- 63, Lowe, J. 1863— 3. Glenville, (or Schenectady 1st, of Fourth Ward,) 1814. Van Zandt, P. 1818-33, Slingerland, 1834-33, Bunnell, 1835-8, Ingalls, 1840-51, Meyers, A. F. 1852-4, Burghardt, 1855-61, Peeke, G. H. 1861-3, Minor, 1864-73, Randies, 1873— 4. Rotterdam 3d, 1833. Searie, J. 1833-7, Boyd, Josh. 1828-40, Nott, 1841-54, Spaulding, 1856-60, Schooumaker, R. L. 1861-70, Davis, W. P. 1870-4, (supplied by Storer, M. J., a Lutheran, 1874- 5,) Van Allen, 1876— 5. Schenectady 2d, (Jay St.) 1851. Duryea, L G. 1852-8, (Dean, 1858-61, pending the lawsuit,) Van Santvoord, C. S. (S.S.) 1860-1, Du Bois, A. 1862-9, Phraner, 1870-5, Lawrence, E. C. 1878— 6. Schenectady 3d, (Ger.) (College St.) 1854. Schwilk, 1856-68. SCHODACK, Rensselaer Co. N.Y. 1756. Fryenmoet, 1770-8, Romeyn, J. V. C. 1788-94, Bork, 1789-1808, Fonda, Jesse, 1809-13, Van Bursn, P. 1814-20, Johnson, I. T. 1831-3, Bennet, 1834-8, Van Santvoord, S. 1829-34, Gray, 634 a'H32 CHURCHES. J. 1835-46, Baily, 1847-5G, Snyder, 1856-69, Peffers, 1869-73, Veenaclioten, 1874— ScHODACK LAiirDiNG, 1859. Was united with tlie Ch. of Scliodack, 1859-66. Kip, I. L. 1867-74, Leggett, 1875— Schoharie, Schoharie Co. N. Y. 1720-30. (Hagar, in this region, 1711.) Ehle, 1730-. .', Ericbson, 1730-1, Weiss, 1731-6, Schuyler, 1736-55, Goet- Bchiua, J. M. 1757-60, Eosenkrantz, A., 17G0-5, Schuyler, 1766-79, Van Nest, E. 1780-5, Scbneyder, 1785-8, Broeffle, 1788-(98)? Van Nest, R. 1797-1803, Schoeffer, (1798) ?-1819, Weidman, 1830-36, Scribner, 1836-9, Robertson, 1839-43, Wells, R. 1844-57, Crispell, 1857-63, Cobb, S. H. 1864r-70, Vedder, E. 1871-3, Handy, 1874— Doc./fisi.iii. 397, 423-5, 638-31. Col.Iiist. v.5l:5. Smith's W.T. 305. Sims' Hist, of Schoharie Co. Mag S.D.G. iv. 173. Schoharie Kill, (Conesville,) 1800 ? Schermerhorn, C. D. 1802-30. Schoharie Mt. (in East-Cobleskill,) 1808. Quaw, 1834-6, Scribner, (S.S.) 1847-8, Vedder, E. 1855-63, Markle, (S.S.) 1873-5, Millspaugh, 1876-8,. Buckelew, 1879— Schoteau, same as Shokan. See Mints. Gen. Syn. i. 314. Schraalenburgh, Bergen Co. N.J. 1724. Erickson, 1725-8, Mancius, 1730-3, Curtenius, 1737-55, Goetschius, J. H. 1748-74, Eomeyn, D. 1775-84, Froeligh, S. 1786-1823, seceded. See Amst. Cor. Schraaleiiburgh, Secession. 1823. Froeligh, S. 1832-7, Blamelt, C. J. 1828- 53, Hammond, E. S. 1858-63, Van Houten, 1863-6. Schraalenburgh 2d, 1756. Schuyler, 1756-66, Blauw, 1768-71, Kuypers, W. 1771-97, Eomeyn, J. V. C. 1799-1833, Cole, I. 1839-33, Garretson, J. 1833-6, Osborne, 1837-41, Blauvelt, C. J. 1842-58, Gordon, 1858— See Amst. Cor. Schuyler, (station,) Herkimer Go. N.Y. Snyder, H,, Miss, to, 1839-30. Schuylerville, now Saratoga. Sco'tia. See Glenville. Second River, now Belleville. Shandaken, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1854. Hammond, J. W. 1854-6, Betts, 1856- 61, Peeke, A. P. 1863-5, Brush, A. H. 1865-7, Hammond, J. W. 1867-78, Westveer, 1874^6, Beekman, A. J. 1876— Shannick. See Nechanic. Sharon, Potter Co. Pa. 1797? Gray, 1797-1819. Sharon, (Dorlach,) Schoharie Co. N.Y. 1771 ? Bork, 1796-8, Labagh, I. 1801-11, Jones, N. 1816-20, Raymond, 1829-33, Bassler, 1833-7, Prazee, THE CHUECHES. 635 1838-40, Chittenden, 1841-5, Bogardus, X. 1846-8, Eckel, 1849-50, Julien, 1852-3, Jones, N. W. (S.S.) 1855-0, Raymond, 1856-64, Van Woert, 1867- 71, Shaffer, 1871-4, Carr, 1875-7, Kershow, (S.S.) 1877— Sharon, Seceder, (Independent,) 1827. Bellenger, 1829-77. Shaw-WJGTJXK, Ulster Co. N.T. 1737. United with Kingston until 1750. Schuneman and Vrooman, 1753-4, Goetschius, J. M. 1760-71, "Van Nest, E. 1774r-85, Froeligh, M. 1778-1813, Polhemus, H. 1813-16, Wilson, A. D. 1816-29, Mandeville, H. 1829-31, Bevier, 1831-43, Alliger, 1843-50, Scott, 1851-66, Spaulding, 1868— Sheboygan Faij:s, Sheboygan Co. Wis. 18. . Shokan, (Ashokan, Olive,) Ulster Co. N.T. 1798. Goetschius, 1796- 1814, Carle, 1814-26, Boyse, Miss, to, 1827-9, Eoosa, 1828-34, Amerman, T. A. 1835-8, Harlow, 1839-49, Hammond, J. W. 1848-9, Voorhees, J. N.' 1849-51, Hammond, J. W. 1852-6, Belts, 1856-61, Peeks, A. P. 1862-5, Brush, A. A. 1865-7, Hammond, J. W. 1867-73, Westveer, 1874-6, Beek- man, A. J. 1876— , Siam. See India. Silver Ceeek, Ogle Co. 111. (Oer.) 1851. Zurcher, (S.S.) 1853, Wagner, 1856-«1, Muller, J. 1861-73, Steffens, 1872-8. Sinthoick, or Sincock, 17. ., afterward, Stillwater. Sis Mile Creek, (CI. Cayuga,) 1827. Mandeville, G. 1838-31. Six Mile Run, Somerset Co. N.J. (see Three Mile Run,) 1717, (or 1710 ?) Frelinghuysen, T. J. 1720-47, (Arondeus, Conferentie, 1747-54,) Leydt, 1748-83, (chartered, 1753, see Kew-Brunswick,) Van Harlingen, 1787-95, Cannon, 1797-1826, Eomeyn, Jas. 1828-33, Sears, 1833— It is stated in some documents that the church of Six Mile Run was or- ganized at a Classis held in Bucks Co., Pa., 1710. The writer has seen the statement, hut he cannot recall the reference. For sketch, see Ch. Int. , Sept. 28, 1876. Also 6>efe's Sisf. Disc, New-Brunswick, 1867. Millstone Centennial, 1866. Dr. Messier" s Hist. Notes, 1873. Smithfield, Pike Co. Pa. 1737. (This was a preaching station from 1725, for the miners in the vicinity.) Fryenmoet, 1741-53. Land having been given for a Presbyterian church in 1750, (a stone church being soon erected,) it became, apparently, Presbyterian. But it was supplied oc- casionally by Mancius, 1737^1, by Fryenmoet, occasionally, 1753-6, and Romeyn, T. 1760-72, and also by Presbyterian ministers. It was not formally organized into a Presbyterian church till 1816. See Mill^ Hist. Disc, of Ch. of Walpack and Davis' Bist, Disc, of Ch, of Smithfield. Somerset, Miami Co. Kansas, 1871. Mayou, 1873-6. South-Carolina. Johnson, W. L. (Miss, in,) 1869 — ggg THE CHUKCHKS. Snell's Bush, 17. ., now Manlieim. Somerville. See Earitan. Sourland, now Harlingen. South-Bbnd, St. Joseph Co. Ind. 1849. McNeish, 1849-52, Beidler, 1853-4, Evans, C. A. 1856-7, Van Doren, W. T. 1857-9, Peeke, G. H. 1860-1, SkiUman, 1868-72, ^reorganized, 1870,) Williamson, 1873-8. South-Bergen. See Jersey City. South-Bushwick. See Brooklyn. SOUTH-GILBOA, Schoharie Co. N.Y. (see Blenheim,) 1859. Buckelew, 1859-64. Sotjth-Macon, Lenawee Co. Mich. 1863. (Formerly Ridgeway.) Skill- man, 1863-8, Moerdyk, E. P. 1869-71, De Spelder, 1873— South-Pass, Nebraska, 1877. South-west Troy. See "West Troy, South. South-Haven, "Van Buren Co. Mich. 1872. Boer, Miss, at, 1874r-6, Daugre- mond, 1878— SouTH-HoLt,AND, (Low Prairie,) Cook Co. 111. 1855. Ypma, 1855-61, Bolks, 1862-5, Koopman, 1865-8, Zwemer, 1868-70, Buursma, 1872-8. Sparta, (station.) Stevenson, Miss, to, 1827-8. Spotswood, Middlesex Co. N.J. 1821. "Van Hook, Miss, to, 1819-20, McClure, J. 1822-5, Rice, H. L. 1825-84, Van Liew, J. C. 1834^41, Betts, 1842-5, Knight, "W". 1846-7, Manning, 1847-54, Vande water, 1855-67, "Willis, 1868. Spraker's Basin, (Westerlo.) Montgomery Co. N.Y. 1790. Toll, 1803-32, Van Oliuda, 1830-1. Sprakee's Basin, N.Y. 1858. "Wales, 1859-60, Bogardus, N. 1861-6, Van Zandt, B. (S.S.)1867, Van Doreu, D. K. 1868-73, Ackerman, 1874-8, Comp- ton,(S.S.)1878— Spring Garden. See Philadelphia 21. Spring Lake, (Manito), Tazewell Co. 111. 1854. Bumstead, 1856-02, Gulick, A. V. 1866-72, Gilmore, 1873— Spring Lake, Ottawa Co. Mich. 1870. De Prees, Jas. 1870— Spring Valley, Eockland Co. N.Y. 1865. Brock, 1865-9, Smith, M. B. 1869-71, De "Witt, E. 1871-6, Van Pelt. D. 1877-3, Lansing, J. A. (S.S.) 1879. THE CHURCHES. 637 Squampamuck, 1775. Afterward revived in the Ch. of Ghent. Staatsburgh, probably au error for Stoutsburgh, or mce versa. See Hyde Park. Stantok, (Mt. Pleasant,) Hunterdon Co. N.J. 1833. Van Arsdale, J. R. 1835-50, Doolittle, H. 1852-72, Cornet, 1873-6, Martine, 1870— Stapleton, S.I. 1851. Thompson, A. R. 1851-8, Skinner, 1859-67. Staten Island, North Side, (Port Richmond or Cityville,) 1690. Supplied by Bertholf, 1694-1724, by Van Zuuren, 1677-85, by Tesschenmaeker, 1679-83, by Varick, 1685-95, by Freeman, 1705-41, by Antonides, 1705-44, and occasionally by Vas, 1710-18, Van Santvoord, C. 1718- 43, (De Wint, 1751-3.) Jackson, W. 1757-89, Stryker, P. 1790-4, Kirby, 1797-1801, Van Pelt, 1802-35, Brownlee, Jas. 1835— Fresh-Kills, 1665. A church was built not far from the present site of the cliurch of the Huguenots, for the French, about this time ; supplied by Drisius, 1653-60? by Bonrepos, David, 1683-1717, when they coalesced with the Dutch. South-Side, 1665. (At Stony Brook.) A church was built by the Waldenses and Huguenots, and they were supplied by Drisius, 1652-60, by Daille, 1683-8, Vanden Bosch, 1685-87. Afterward the site of the church was transferred to Richmond. (See also Hugue- nots.) Richmond, 1717 ? (Union of French, Dutch, and English.) Supplied by Bertholf, 1717-24, by Freeman, 1705-41, by Antonides, 1705-44, by Vas, 1710-18, Van Santvoord, C. 1718-43, (De Wint, 1751-2,) Jackson, W. 1757-76. Burned by the British. (See Richmond.) See Amst. Cor. Doc. Hist. iii. 76. Ch. Int. ii. 125. Dr. Jas. Brownlee's Disc, at 300th anniversary of the church, also his Disc, at the 40th anniver- sary of his pastorate. St. Caik, M.G.8. i. 30. An error for Sinthoick. St. Croix. See West-Indies. Stewartville, Ulster Co., N.T. 1877. Blauvelt, C. (S.S.) 1877— St. John. See West-Indies. St. Johns, same as Upper Red-Hook. St. Johssvillb, (Palatine,) Montgomery Co. N.Y. 1770. (Ger. Ref.) Dyslin, 1790-1815. (R.D.C. 1813.) De Voe, 1816-30, Meyers, A. H. 1830-1, Stryker, H. B. 1833-4, Murphy, 1834-7, Meyers, A. H. 1837-44, Knieskem, 1845-73, Lodewick, 1873-5, Van Nest, G. J. 1875-9. See Doc. Hist. iii. 674. 638 THE CHUECHKS. St. Remy, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1864. Garretson, J. (S.S.) 1865-6, Todd, W. N. 1874^ St. Thomas. See West-Indies. Stillwater, Sussex Co. N.J. 17... Supplied by Wack, C. 1783-1809, and partly by Wack, J. J. 1798-1805, reorganized, 1814, Van Hook Miss, to, 1833, (Presbyterian.) Stillwater, Saratoga Co. N.Y. (Sintlioick,) 17. . Paige, W. 1793-1807, Froe- ligh, P. D. 1803-7. Stirling, 1834. De Fraest, 1825-8. Stissick, (Ger.) 1750. See New and Old Stissing. Stissing. See Gallatin. Stone Arabia, Montgomery Co. N.Y. 1740. Werring, 1753, Rosencrantz, , 1756-8, 1760-70, Peck, D. C. A. 1788-1800, Labagli, I. 1801-3, Wack, J. J. 1803-14, Morris, J., Miss, to, 1837-9, Ketchum, 1839 ?-36, Westfall, 1838- 43, Jukes, 1844^50, Van Liew, J. C. 1850-6, Van Dyck, L. H. 1861-7, Compton, 18C9-71, Van Benscliotea, 1873— Doe. Hist. iii. 674, 686. Stone Arabia, (Ger.) 1801 ? Wall, (or Wack, J. J.) 1803 ? Stone Arabia, Independent, 1816. Wack, J. J. 1816-37. Stone Arabia, (Lansingburgb,) 1788 ? Stone House Plains, Essex Co. N.J. 1795. Stryker, P. 1801-9, again, 1810-13, Tarbell, 1837-8, Hillman, 1830-41, Hammond, B. S. 1843-4, Thomson, 1845-6, Quinn, 1847-8, Liddell, 1848-50, Wiseman (S.S.) 1851-3, Talmage, P. S. 1853-65, Statesir, 1866-73, Kersliow, 1873— Stone Ridge. See Marbletown. Stoutenbergb, or Stoutsburgh, now Hyde Park. See also Staatsburgb. Stuyvesant, Columbia Co. N.Y. 1837. Garretson, J., Miss, to, 1836-7, Heermance, Henry, Miss, to, 1837-8, Cahoone, Miss, to, 1838-9, Cornell, F. F., Miss, to, 1830-1, Garretson, G. I. 1833-4, Kittle, 1835-46, Nevius, 1846— .B.D.O-i\. 57. Stuyvesant Falls, Columbia Co. N.Y. 1859. Bates, 1860-1, Swick, 1861-3, Kip, I. L. 1864^7, supplied by Bogardus, W. E. 1867-8, Wells, R. 1868-71, Fowler, 1874— Success, L.I. 1730. Disbanded, 1839, the church of North-Hempstead taking its place. See pastors under North-Hempstead. Summit, (Eminence,) 1834. See, W. E. G. 1833-9. Sun Prairie, Dane Co. Wis. 1843. Slingerland, 1844r-6. Sasquehannah, Pa. 17. . Conewago? Manley, 17. .-1800. THE CHUECHBS. 639 Swartstown, 1839. Syracuse, Onondaga Co. N.T. 1848. Cornell, J. A. H. 1848-51, Berry, J. R. 1851-7, Talmage, T. D. W. 1859-62, Elmendorf, J. 1862-5, Searle, J. 1866-8, Berger, 1869^5, Van Slyke, E. 1876— Syria. Van Dyck, C. V. H. 1840, Berry, P. 1861-5. See Anderson's Hist. Missions of A.B.O.F.M. to Oriental Ohurclies. Taghkanick, (Livingston Manor,) Columbia Co. N.T. 1758. Supplied occa- sionally by Gebhard, 1777-97, by Livingston, J. H. 1779-81, by Lansing, N. 1781-4 ; Vedder, Herman, 1803-50, Murden, 1847-50, Lyall, Wm. 1851- 65, Mills, (J. A. 1866-70, Church, 1870-7, Garretson, J. C. 1877— Smith's N. 7. 309. Tappak, Rockland Co. N.T. 1694. Supplied by Bertbolf, G. 1694-1734, Mutzelius, 1726-49, Verbryck, 1750-84, Lansing, N. 1784-1835, Cole, I. 1829-64, Blauvelt, G. M. S. 1864— Tappan, Secession, 1825. Lansing, J. V. S. 1826. Taertto'WM', (Philipsburgli,) Westchester Co. N.Y. 1697. Supplied by Bertholf, G. 1697-1724, by Mutzelius, 1736-50, by Eitzema, 1744-76 ; Van Voorhees, 1785-8, Jackson, J. F. 1791-1806, Smith, T. G. 1808-37, Du Bois, Geo. 1838-44, Wilson, Jos. 1845-9, Ferris, J. M. 1849-51, (Schenck, J. W. 1849-51,) Stewart, 1852-66, Thompson, J. B. 1866-9, Allen, J. K. 1870— Amst. Cor. Doc. Hist. iii. 76. Stewart's Hist. of. Tarrttowx 2d, 1851. Ferris, J. M. 1851^, Todd, J. A. 1855— Teashok, now Buskirk's Bridge. Thousand Isles, (in St. Lawrence River,) Jefferson Co. N.T. 1851. Daven- port, Miss, to, 1847-50, Du Bois, A. 1850-4, Rockwell, Geo. 1854-77, Do Vries, 1877— Three Mile Run, Middlesex Co. N.J. 1700-3. This church lasted about half a century, the churches of New-Brunswick and Six Mile Run mean- while taking its place. Supplied by Frelinghuysen, T. J. 1720-47, (Arondeus, Conferentie, 1747-54,) and by Frelinghuysen, J. 1750-4. Thnmansville, now Callicoon. Three Bridges, Hunterdon Co. N.J. 1874, Oakey, P. D. (S.S.) 1873-6, Lane, (S.S.) 1877— Tillaborough, 1865. Smith, W. H. (S.S.) 1868. Tiossiock, now Buskirk's Bridge. Tompkinsville, S.I., now Brighton Heights. Tompkinsville, (Ger.) 1860. 640 TUE CHUKCHKS. Totowa. See Paterson. Tottenville, S.I. 1855. Trenton, Mercer Co. N.J. 1841. Wack, C. P. 1841-4. Tuscarora, Livingston Co. N.Y. 1810. Tuscarora, Scliuylkill Co. Pa. 1797. Gray, A. 1797-1819, Dumont, Miss, to, 1839-30. Twin Lakes, Muskegon Co. Midi. 1875. Two Rivers, 111. (station.) Wilson, C. D., Miss, to, 1867-77. Tyaslioke, or Tiossiocki now Buskirk's Bridge. Tyre, Seneca Co. N.Y. 1836. Gray, W. 1889-46, Compton, 1847-50, Van Arsdale, J. R. 1850-64, Wliitbeck, R. M. 1864-8, Blauvelt, C. supplied, 1870, Buckelew, 1871-6, Van Doren, J. H. 1876— Ulster Co. N.Y. Consisting of tlie cliurclies of Rochester, Marbletown, and Wawarsing, which, were chartered as one corporation, 1766. Doc. Hist. N. Y. iii. (4to ed.) 600. SmUh's N. T. 308. Col. Hist. ii. 593. ■ Union, (at Tioga, Broome Co. N.Y. M.G.S. i. 448, Chenango,) 1794. Palmer, S. 1808-18, Van Vechteu, S., Miss, to, 1838-4, Vanderveer, J., Miss, to, 1833, Van Olinda, Miss, to, 1834, Du Mont, Miss, to, 1836. Doc. Hist. iii. 637-634. Union, Albany Co. N.Y. 1835. Boice, L C. 1836-9, Fort, 1880-6, Westfall, 1837-47, Jones, D. A. 1848-50, Murden, 1850-4, Compton, 1854-60, Gulick, A. V. 1860-4, Ballagh, W. H. 1865-8, Demarest, Wm. 1871-4, Compton, 1876-8, Millspaugh, 1878— JJiiion, Secession, {at Amsterdam,) 1833. Palmer, 1833-9. Union Village, Washiugtou Co. N.Y. 1813. Christie, Jas. 1816-8, Fonda, J. D. 1820-35, Van Zandt, B. 1836-43, Morris, H. 1843-8, Marvin, 1848-55, Van Santvoord, C. 1855-8, Steele, J. 18*8-65, Van Home, D. 1867-8, Hoyt, 1868-71, Smart, 1873— Union Village, now Nassau. Unionvillb, 1819, Smith, T. G. 1820-87, Moule, 1837-9, Robb, (S.S.) 1839, Moore, W. S. 1839-50, See, J. L. 1850-4, Moore, W. S. 1856-64, Bogardus, VV. E. 1865-7, Bertholf, J. H. 1867-9, Van Dyke, L. PI. 1870-6, Harris, H. 1876— Upper Neversink, 1849, now Claryville. Upper Red Hook, (St. John's,) Dutchess Co. N.Y. 1755. De Witt, P. 1787-08, Romeyu, Jer. 1794^1800, Kittle, 1807-33, Thompson, P. B. 1834-6, Hangen, THE CHUECHES. 641 1836-40, Ward, 1841-5. Jolinson, J. G. 1846-70, Myers, H. V. S. 1871-4, Scudder, Jos. 1875-6, Scudder, E. C. (S.S.) 1877-8, pastor, 1878— Upper Schoharry, (now Middleburgh.) Ctica, Oneida Co. N.T. 1830. Labagh, J., Miss, to, 1827-31, Bethune, 1881-4, Mandeville, H. 1834-41, Knox, J. P. 1841^, Wiley, 1846-50, Fislier, G. H. 1855-9, Knox, Chas. E. (S.S.) 1860-3, Vermilyea, A. G. 1863-71, Hartley, 1871— Mag. S.D.C. il. 319. See Flats. Befobhed Chdbch of Union Village, (Gkeenwich,) N.T. Vanderveer, Morgan Co. 111. 1841. Hillman, 1841-3, Scliultz, J N 1843-7, Westfall, S. V. E. 1858, Ayres, 1854^6. Van Vorst. See Jersey City 2d. Veddersburgh, Montgomery Co. N.Y. 1799. Ten Eyck, C. 1803-4. In 1812 became Presbyterian. 41 642 THE CHUECIIES. VniESLAND, Ottawa Go. Micli. 1851. Organization came from Holland. Ypma, 1851-3, Zweemer, 1858-68, Uiterwyck, 1868-73, De Frees, P. 1872— Walden, Orange Co. N.Y. 1835. Scribner, J. M. 1839^3, Whiteliead, Chag. 1843-8, Schoonmalter, M. V. 1849— Wallkill, now Montgomery. Walkill Valley, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1869. Lippincott, 1873-7, De Witt, R. 1877— Walloons, Doc. Bist. iV. Y. i. 33 Brod/iead's W. T., see Index. Walpack, Lower,* Monroe Co. Pa. 1737. (Consisting of two corgrega- tions, Bustkill and Walpack.) Supplied occasionally by Mancius, 1737- 41, Freyeumoet, 1741-56, Eomeyn, T. 1760-72, Van Bunscliooten, 1785-99, Force, 1808-37, Demund, 1837-9, Cashing, (S.S.) 1881-3, Schanck, G. C. 1834-5, Hyndsliaw, 1836-9, Pitts, 1841-60, Mc William, (S.S.) Oct. 1860-1, June; pastor, 1861-70, Shaw, 1870-7. Walpack, Upper, Pike Co. Pa. 1863. (Consisting of two congregations, Dingman's Ferry and Peter's Valley.) Jones, N. W. (S.S.) 1861-3, Garret- son, G. S. 1863— See Dr. MiW Hist. Discs, of WaZpack, 1874, and Port Jerms, 1878. Walpack, Lower, 1837. This church was organized on account of trouble growing out of a case of discipline ; but the parties soon agreeing, the new organization was disbanded. — Mints. CI. New-Brunsmck, 1837. Warren, now Henderson. Warren. Somerset Co. IST.J. (Ger.) 1855. (Had before been an independent Lutheran Church.) Friedel, 1855, Oerter, 1856-8, Neef, (S.S.) 1858-60, pastor, 1860^, Wolff, 1865-6, Schnellendreussler, 1869-70. Now Congre- gational. Warren Co. N.Y. (stations.) Stryker, H. B., Miss, to, 1822-3. Warwick, Orange Co. N.Y. 1764. (Presbyt. Parkhurst, and John, 1764- 1803.) R.D.C. 1803. Hardenbergh, C. 1804-8, Christie, J. I. 1812-35, Van Keuren, 1836-7, Stewart, J. W. 1838-42, Vanderveer, F. H. 1843-76, Carroll, V. B. 1877— Washington, now West-Troy. Washington, 111. 1847. Schultz, J. N. 1849-51. Washington Heights. See New- York. * Lower Walpack, with its two congregations, viz., Bushkill and Walpack, and Upper Walpack with its two congregations, viz., Dingman's Ferry and Peter's Valley, are one civil corijoration. THE cuuECHES. G43 ■\Vaterford, (Halfmoou,) Saratoga Co. X.T. 1771. Lupton, 1788-9, Close, 179.-1804, Dwiglit, 1323-6, Labagli, I. P. 1837-30, Schoonmaker, R. L. 1833-6, Sliugerland, 1836-7, Lockhead, 1838-9, Wbitbeck, 1811-3, Dick- son, 1849-53, Sclioonmaker, E. L. 1852-6, Van Brant, 1857-61. Waterloo, 1851. Rockwell, G. 1851-4, Abell, 1856-7. WA-n'AHSiNG, (Wawassink,) Ulster Co. K.Y. 1745. Supplied by Fryenmoet, 1745-51, Frellnglxuysen, J. called, 1753, but died, Frelingbuyseu, H. 1756-7, Eomeyn, D. 1760-75, Hardenbergb, J. 11. 1782-6, Van Home, Ab. 1789-95, Mandeville, G. 1798-1803, Westervelt, E. 1802-8, Murphy, 1814r-35, Hutton, M. S., Mias. to, 1837-8, Hoffman, A., Miss, to, 1828-9, Switz, 1829-35, Duryea, J. H. 1837-9, Ward, J. W. 1839-41, Demarest, Jas. (Sr.) 1842-S, Quackenbusb, 1849-51, Lente, 1853^, Williamson, N. D. 1855-61, Van Vleck, John, 1802-4, Swick, 1864r-9, Talmage, J. R. 1869-74, Bell, 1874— West-Branch, 111. 1878. West-Branch, Iowa. See Orange City. West-Camp, 1710. Supplied by Kocherthal, 1708-19. See Caatsban. Doc. Hist. N. Y. ill. 383-93 ; Gordon's Life of Ostrander, 38. West-Camp, or Camp, 1710-30. Hagar, 1711. West End. See Jersey City. Westerlo. See Spraker's Basin. Western allotment of Kingsborough, now Johnstown. Westeklo, (Baisic, Chester,) Albany Co. X.T. 1793. Center, Jliss. to, 1&23, Vanderveer, J., Miss, to, 1833, Van Vechten, S.,Miss. to, 1823-4, Van Keureu, Miss, to, 1824, Fort, 1822-31, Wilson, Jos. lS32-i, Slingerlaud, 1884^6, Gosmau, S. S. 1836-8, Chittenden, 1839^0, Cornell, J. A. H. 1841- 3, Eobertson, S. 1843-8, Bogardus, N. 1849-50, Demarest, W. (1850^, Dyer, 1856-61, Furbeck, 1862-7, Westveer, 1868-9, Bogardus, F. 31. 1869-73, Pitcher, J. H. 1873-6, Cole, S. T. 1879— WEST-F-4SMS, 1839.* See New- York City. Westfield, now Huguenots, S.I. West-Htjkley, Ulster Co. N.Y. 1848. Supplied by Gulick, A. 1847-54, pastor, 1854-9, Case, 1860-5, Van Doren, D. K. 1867-8, Blauvelt, C- J. 1869-78. West-Indies, Abeel, D., Miss, to, 1828-9, again 1836-7. St. Croix, 1744, Van Vlierden, P. 17. .-93. St. John, 17. . Knevels Was extinct in 1828. 614 THE CHUECIIES. St. Thomas, about 1660. [Oliandus, 1685-8 ; (pastors' names gen- erally unknown, but recorded in Copenhagen, and also in Amster- dam, 1688-1733 ; Christian Strumphias was laboring there, 1713, and Isaac Grovewold, 1718 ;) Arnoldus Van Drumen, 1733-6, Jo- hannes Borm, 1737-43, John Paldamus, 1744^52, John A. Monte- neag, 1753-63, G. J. Scheers, 1763-84, Francis Verboom, 1784-1812 ;] Labagh, A. I. 1827-43, Brett, P. M. 1842-6, Knox, J. P. 1847-54, Wyckoff, T. F. 1854U5. These islands were possessed at different timesby different nationalities, — Dutch, English, Spanish, French — and passed through many vicissitudes. The Danish West-India Company finally came into possession. The Lu- theran Church was the prevailing church, while the Moravians labored among the negroes. A Dutch church was organized on St. Thomas in the times of the Dutch West-India Company, and perhaps Dutch organizations existed at that early period also on the other islands. The vernacular lan- guage long continued to be Dutch, and is the basis of the present Creole language. The Dutch were expelled from St. Thomas by the English in 1667, but returned when the Danes gained possession, a few years later. The records of the Dutch church, prior to 1744, are destroyed. The Luther- ans' records are continuous from 1688. The Dutch and Lutherans wor- shiped alternately in the Fort, until a R.D.C. edifice was erected, which was prior to 1718. These two religious bodies alone enjoyed the special recog- nition and protection of the Danish Government. In 1744, the church of St. Thomas had 143 communicants. Up to 1759 the church was supported by voluntary contributions. In that year Mrs. Catherine De Windt, widow of Jahns Jahnsen De Windt, bequeathed to the church the estate Catliai'ina- herg. It extended down into the town, and after 1793 became exceedingly valuable. The pastor, Verboom, purchased this estate of the church soon after his settlement there for $38,000, and realized $100,000 by the sale of the town lots. Of the $38,000 belonging to the church, the sum of about $8000 was for the support of the poor, the rest for the ministry. Verboom's speculations greatly injured the spiritual condition of the church. He re- tired, a man of wealth, to Holland in 1813. During the 68 years, 1744- 1813, the records show that 850 persons united with this church. After Verboom left, the church was in so low a condition that no applica- tion was made to the Classis of Amsterdam to send them another minister. Up to 1813 their supplies had come from Holland. The members of the Dutch church for fifteen years were scattered among the Lutherans, the Moravians, and the Episcopalians. The latter began to hold services in 1830. In 1837 the Dutch of St. Thomas were led to make application to the Eef ormed. Dutch Church in the United States to send them a pastor, and for the next thirty years they were thence supplied, as indicated above. With the advent of the American ministers, services began to be held in English. When Dr. John Knox vipited these islands in 1838, he says that a fund of $50,000 yet remained lor the support of the gospel. Dr. John P. Knox, a subsequent pastor, says the'f unds amounted to about $40,000. The church of St. John was found in ruins, and not a single communicant known to re- THE CHURCHES. 045 main, altbough tliere were funds also belonging to tliat clmrcli. Some liave for a long time desired to procure their ministers irom the States, while others preferred to procure them from Holland. During Dr. Brett's minis- try, for a while the Lutherans and Dutch used the same edifice, the colored people bringing their own stools and sitting in the aisles. The present edi- fice of the Dutch Church is a, plain Grecian temple of the Doric style. It was erected during Dr. Brett's ministry. The Liturgy of our American Church is used, and they adhere in all respects to the Order of the R.D.C. , although in connection with no Classis. Dr. Brett remained a, member of the Classis of Paramus while preaching there. He was recalled in 1853, but declined. They have made several efforts since to secure pastors from America, but have failed. Surely the Reformed Church in America, (a title covering these islands,) ought to offer to take this church under its charge. and to supply them with a succession of evangelical ministers, even though their terms of service might not be long. It would probably be without ex- pense. See the names of the American pastors who have labored there ; Dr. John Knos's letter in Mag. R.D.G. iii. 26 ; also ii. 142, 281, 318 ; Rev. J. P. Knox's Hist. Acct. of St. Thomas, St. Croix, and St. John, 1852. ' 12mo. pp. 271. West-Letdex, Lewis Co. N.Y. 1S5G. Boehrer, 1850-62, Wagner, (S. S. 1862-3, Schlieder, 1865-72, Weber, 1874— West New-Hempstead, (Kakiat,) Rockland Co. N.Y. 1773. Marinas, 1773- 8, Leydt, P. 1789-93, Brinkerhoff, G. G. 1793-1806, Demarest, J. D. 1808-24, Wynkoop, Jef. 1825-36, Allen, P. 1837-62, Brock, J. R. 1802-5, Van Xeste, G. 1865-9, Mattice, H. (S.S.) 1869-71, Statesir, 1872— West-Town, Orange Co. N.T. 1791. Van Bunschooten, E. 1783-99. West-Trot, (Gibbonsville,) Albany Co. N.Y. 1815. Bronk, 1813-34, Wood, 1835-6, Mann, (S.S.) 1837, Gregory, O." H. 1838-70, Button, A. J. 1871— White Hall, Green Co. 111. 1861. Scheuck, M. L. 1865-9 West-Trot, South, Albany Co. N.Y. 1844. Wells, R. (S.S.) 1844, Wyck- off, T. F. 1845-54, Roof, 1855-64, Wyckoff, Jac. S 1865-70, Strong, S. W. 1870— White House. See Rockaway. White Plains, Westchester Co. N.Y. 1865. Hulbert, 1865-72. Wilcox, Elk Co. Pa. 1873. Hoffman, W. H. 1375-7, Wilson, F. F. 1878-9. Wilkesbarre, Luzerne Co. Pa. 1792. Gray, A. 1793-6. The people of this church, emigrated almost in a body to the Genesee country in 1796. (Sec Owasco.) 6-16 THE CHUECHES. Wilton, 1833. Van Hook, Miss, to, 1835, McKelvey, Jolin, Miss, to, 1827. Williamsburgli. See Brooklyn. WiLTWiCK, Ulster Co. Jv\Y. 1863. (Fort supplied tlie station, 1854-60,) Shaw, 1864-9, Westveer, 1873-4, Talmage, J. R. 1874:— Windham, (or Dyse's Manor,) now Prattsville. Woestyne, 17. . . Now Rotterdam. Wolcott, now Fair Haven. Wolcott, Secession, Cayuga Co., N. T. 1827. Wood Haven, 1858. %VoODSiDB, Essex Co. N.J. 1871. Maeauley, J. M. 1873— Woodstock, Ulster Co. N.T. 1799. Overbagh, 1806-17, Boyse, 1826-37, Bogardus, N. 1838-43, Vandoren, W. T. 1843-5, Gulick, A. 1846-54, James, W. L. 1856-63, Blauvelt, C. J. (S.S.) 1864r-5, WyckofE, D. B. 1865- 70, Hoes, (S.S.) 1871-3, Moore, W. S. 1873— Wurtsboro. See Mamakating. Wyckoff, Bergen Co. N.J. 1833. Had been a regular preaching station of Ponds since about 1798. (DeWitt, P. 1798-1808, Deraarest, John, 1812- 20,) Kuypers, Z. H. 1825-41, Thompson, W. J. 1842-5, Ryerson, 1845-65, Van Bunschooten, 1865-69, Searle, S. T. 1869— Wtnantskill, Rensselaer Co. N.Y. 1793. Romeyn, J. V. C. 1794-9, Za- briskie, John L. 1801-11, Labagh, I. 1811-15, Westervelt, R. 1816-22, Morris, J., Miss, to, 1834^, Bogardus, C. 1826-32, Bronson, A. 1833-6, Slingerland, 1837-40, Gates, 1840-2, Lansing, Jac. A. 1843-8, Quick, J. J. 1849-54, Stevenson, 1854-64, Tomb, 1865-73, supplied by C. P. Evans, Congregationalist. Wynantskill, Secession, Independent, 1834. Lansing, J. V. 8. 1824-6, Bel- linger, 1829. TONKBKS, Westchester Co. N.Y. 1843. Hulbert, 1843-8, DeMund, 1848-50, Seward, 1850-3, Hulbert, 1853-65, Cole, D. 1865— See Cole's Ser. at Twenty-fifth Anniversary. York. See Canada. YORKTOWN, Minn. 1867. Zabeiskib, Allegan Co. Mich. See Hamilton. Zeeland, Ottawa Co. Mich. 1851. (Organization came from Holland.) A^andermeulen, C. 1853-9, Stobbelaer, 1860^, Bolks, 1865-71, Moerdyk, W. 1872-7, Steffena, 1878— BOARD OF EDUCATION. An Educational Society was organized independently, in the year 1828, for the purpose of assisting needy students in their preparation for the ministry. In the last century, and early part of this, a fee of £15 had been exacted from each church calling and settling a licentiate, and a fee of £5, generally, from each student, on receiving his license to preach. From these moneys indigent students were sometimes assisted, or the professorial fee for a diploma was paid, if the student were unable to meet the expense himself. When a fund for the support of a professorship began to be raised, it was also stipulated that needy students should be assisted from the same. (Theological Semiitaiiies.) In 1812 it was ordered that collections should be taken up in the churches for this object. A committee was also appointed at the same Synod to confer with the trustees of Queens College concerning the pro- vision of a fund to meet the necessities of the students, whUe the Board of Superintendents were also permitted to draw from the treasurer of the Synod such amounts as they deemed proper, for this purpose. The copyright of the psahn and hymn book was also secured to the Synod for the benefit of stu- dents, the publishers being requested to pay the Synod six cents for each copy sold. But in five years this only amounted to $240. With the first install- ments of the Van Bunschooten bequest, in 1814, some additional help was obtained. In 1815, Miss Eebecca Knox, of Philadelphia, (a member of Dr. Brodhead's church,) left $2000, for the support of students, but which did not become immediately available. Cent societies, established in many congregations, also brought in means to some extent. From all these sources, the Board of Superintendents distributed $200, in the year 1814, spending in addition |120, for the purchase of Hebrew Bibles. An increas- ing amount was appropriated each year, until 1819, when they distributed the sum of $1315 ; but the amount distributed did not reach as high a figure as this again till 1828, the same year in which the Educational Society was organized. On the seventh day of May, 1828, a number of ministers and friends met in the lecture-room of the Collegiate Church, in the city of New- York, to consider the propriety of organizing a Board of Education. Dr. Milledoler was called to the chair, who opened the meeting with prayer. The circu- lar which called the meeting showed that, at a free conversation on the general interests of the Church, held in the preceding November, between Kev. Messrs. Milledoler, Knox, Kuypers, Brownlee, Ludlow, P. Labagh, Sihermerhorn, and De Witt, it was ascertained that a general desire existed 648 BOARD OF EDUCATIOSr. for more cfBcient action in the missionaiy and educational interests of tlie Ciiurcli. Hence this meeting , at the call of the committee, to organize a Board of Education. A constitution was at once adopted containing twelve articles, stating the objects of the Board, the terms of annual and life mem- berships, the manner of government, through the necessary oflScers and an executive committee, and the manner of receiving beneficiaries. Any dona- tion of $1509 or more, for the founding of a scholarship, was to be dis- tinguished by the name of the donor. Col. Henry Rutgers was elected the first president. An address was at once prepared by a committee, consist- ing of Drs. Mathews, Brownlee, and De Witt, and distributed to the churches. The amount granted to a beneficiary was then limited to $90 per annum. They designed rather to aid a student than to sustain him fully. Auxiliary societies existed in certain of the Classes, and in single churches. During its first year the Board and its auxiliaries assisted about twenty stu- dents. In 1831 this Education Society, which had been organized by indi- vidual, not ecclesiastical, action, requested the General Synod to take charge of it as its own Board. This was proposed, partly, because donations began to be left to it, while it was not formally connected with the Synod, and partly to increase still further the confidence of the churches. The old officers were reappointed by the Synod as its officers, and a committee was appointed to remodel it. A new Board was accordingly constituted in 1833, and the funds of the old Board turned over to the care of the General Synod. The organization of this Board was the beginning of a new life for the edu- cational interests of the Church. A number of scholarships were soon founded by individuals. Many of these were allowed to accumulate for a time, if not sufficient, at first, to meet the due appropriations to the students. The fol- lowing is the list of them, in their present amounts, with the years in which they were founded : SCHOLAESHIPS. 1838. Heyer, ..... 1880. Henry Rutgers, .... 1830. Stephen Van Kensselaer, 1830. William P. Van Rensselaer, 1834. The Cornell, by Peter Stryker, of Flatbush, 1834. John Wyckoff, of Neshanic, . 1835. Mrs. Margaret Burgess, of New-York, 1837. John Clark, of New-York, 1837. James Bogert, Jr., of New- York, . 1837. Isaac L. Kip, by his sons, 1838. Tannake Turk, by Miss Anna Turk, of New- York, in the name of her late mother, . 1839. Richard Cadmus, of Bergen Point, 1841. Stryker, (by accumulation of the Cornell Scholarship,) 1844. Miss Maria Freeborne, of Flatbush, 1846. Hornbeck, (two,) ..... 1850. James Bogert, Jr., of New- York, . $3500 1700 1700 1700 3350 2500 1700 3000 2000 1700 1700 2000 2000 2000 4000 2000 BOAED OF EDUCATION'. 049 1853. 1854. 1854. 1857. 1S60. 1860. 1863. Cor. C. Cuyler, by his son Theodore Cnyler, Esq., of PMla- delphia, ..... Margaret Ten Eyck, ) , , , „ „ , ( CatalinaTenEyck. \ ^7 ^^'S^^^' Ten Eyck. ] Moses Cowan, X.J., Dr. Thomas Daniel J. Schanck, of Monmouth County, James Snydam, .... Theodore Frelinghuysen De Witt, by Eev. De Witt, of New-Tork, ..... 2500 1865. Edward Lansing Pruyn, .... 2500 1867. Gerrit Y. Lansing, .... . 2500 1867. Maria Leflferts, ...... 4750 1868. Joshua Hornbeck, . .... 2000 1868. James Suydam, ...... 2000 1870. Janet Hinchman, ...... 470 1870. Ann James, ..... 2350 1873. James B. Laing, ..... 7500 1875. Louisa Hasbrouck, .... 5000 1878. Jacob Polhemus, ...... 2500 1878. Abraham Storms, ...... 2000 The principal necessity for the incorporation of the Board arose from the fact that, becoming familiarly known as the Board of Education, funds were devised for it, under that title. Having no legal existence as such, they could not be claimed. After some losses of moneys bo devised, for future security, the Board was incorporated October 13, 1869. Under this arrange- ment the Board now holds the following scholarships aud funds : 1865. Charles Dusenberry, ..... $2500 2000 2000 2000 2500 3000 10,000 1872. G. Kowenhoven, 3C00 1873. MaryLeConte, 3000 1873. James Peters, 3500 1875. J. V. Van Doren, . 58c3 1876. Margaret E. Durycc, 5000 1877. Jeremiah Fuller, . . 3000 1878. Mary D. Shafer, 3000 1878. Mary M. Danser, . . . . 3000 1878. Abel T. Stewart, 3000 These scholarships, together with the Van Bunschooten and Knox Funds, and more recently the Smock Fund, ($500, 1859,) the Mandeville Fund, ($2000, 1865,) and the VoorheesFund,* (|26,000, 1867,) all under the care of the trustees of Rutgers College, make a capital of more than $120,000, for the education of students for the ministry, besides the annual church collec- tions and private gifts, now about $10,000 per annum. Thus has this department of the Church grown, from comparatively insignificant begin- * It eeeniB the benefit of this fund is limited to the aiding of yonng men, who are candi- dates for the ministry, while pursuing theirstndies in Eutgers College. 650 BOAED OF EDUCATION. nings. During the year ending witli April 30, 1878, |10,833 were distrib- uted among eighty-three students, and $2400 to professors and teachers in Hope College^this institution being yet partially dependent on the Board of Education, having matured under its auspices from a mere academical to a collegiate character ; parochial schools are also helped to some extent by this Board. In 1865 the Synod empowered this Board to enlarge its sphere of operations, and co-operate with the Classes in the establishment of academies and classical schools within their bounds. The Van Bunschooten and Knox Funds remain under the care of the trustees of Rutgers College, as the Synod was unincorporated when these funds were donated. On account of the recently increased endowment of this college, tuition fees are not now exacted of beneficiaries. About one third of the present ministry of the Church are indebted to the Board of Education for assistance, while prepar- ing for the ministry. Rev. J. F. Schermerhorn, the general agent of all the benevolent opera- tions of the Church, was active in collecting funds for this Board, 1830-82. Rev. A. H. Dumont succeeded him, for a single year. Contributions amounted to about $3000 per annum, at this time, although diminished in 1832 by the epidemic. For the next decade of years, the services of a spe- cial secretary were dispensed with, classical agents being employed to repre- sent the educational interests of the Church. In 1843 Rev. Ransford Wells was appointed as a financial secretary to take the general superintendence of all the boards. He occupied this position for only two years. Again, for more than half a score of years, the Board remained without a correspond- ing secretary, but its small receipts (less than $1700, in 1855,) compelled them to seek a more eflBcient plan of operations. Rev. J. A. H. Cornell was accordingly appointed to this office, in 1855, under whose energetic efforts this Board was thoroughly revived. In 1857 the Board was reorgan- ized. At the end of the six years of his service the contributions of the churches for this cause had increased nearly six-fold. Upon his resigna- tion, from ill-health, in 1861, Rev. John L. See was appointed as his suc- cessor, who is the present incumbent. APPENDIX. THE WIDOWS' FUITD. Article SIII. of the Rules of Church Qovemment of the Synod of Dort (1618) says : " If a minister becomes incapable of performing the duties of his office, either through age, sickness, or otherwise, such minister shall, notwitlistanding, retain the honor and stile of his office, and be provided with an honorable support by the churclies to which he hath ministered ; provision is in like manner to be made for ilie widows and orpTians of ministers in general." Explanatory Arts. XVI. and XVII. of 1793, elaborate the idea of ministers ementi, but add nothing about their widows. In Holland, at the time of the Eeformation, the property -which then belonged to the Church was set apart for the use and maintenance of the newly established clergy. From this fund the ministers received a large proportion of their salaries, the local regencies making up the remainder. During the French Revolution this fund was seized and declared national property. The government now pays the clergy. The amount in the year 1838 was 1,025,785 guilders. The maximum salary is about £200, the mini- mum about £50. Country ministers, however, have a free house, glebe, and garden. The consistories frequently increase the government stipend. From the government allowance tliere is retained 10 guilders annually towards the fund for ministers' widows. This is deducted from the first quarterly payment each year. The emeriti clergymen also contribute an equal sum if their pension amounts to GOO guilders. If below 500 gudders, they pay five guilders a year. There are also local associations to increase the help thus given. In 1830 the government decreed that 400 guildei-s should be given to the widows of ministers who had served in the larger cities ; 300 guilders to those living in certain other specified cities ; and 200 guilders to all the others. The widow is also always allowed the annus gratice, or a whole year's stipend, dating from the day of her husband's death. If there be no widow, the orphan children, if under 32 years of age, receive it. If there be neither, the legal representatives receive the salary of the current quarter. It is also worthy of remark that a clergyman receives, in addition to his regular stipend from the government, 25 guilders annually for every child under 33 years of age ; for every son at a Latin school, 50 guilders ; and when studying at a Dutch university, with a view to the Church, 300 guilders. This last is enjoyed for six consecutive years. This privilege continues after the death of the father. Widows and children of British Presbyterians settled in Holland enjoy the same advantages if they remain in the country. If they remove, one third of these amounts are deducted. 652 APPEXDIX. (See note on page 339.) A minister emeritus who has served the Church forty years is entitled to retire salve lionore ei stipendo. These provisions, to a greater or less extent, were incorporated in many of the calls made by the American churches. In the call of Selyns to the church of New-York, it was stipulated that his widow should receive the full amount for the current year, and 100 guilders thereafter yearly for life. The same feature appears in the call of Megapolensis to Albany. When the articles of union were adopted in 1771, and no more ministers were called from Holland, the American churches felt the necessity of attending to this matter. But they had no government aid to fall back upon. ^ The delegates from the Classes of New- York and Kingston were directed in 1773 to urge upon the General Body the propriety of establishing a fund for the relief of clerical widows and orphans. Dr. Livingston was re- quested to draw up a plan, and report the following year. He, however, then only reported progress, but in 1775 read a plan for a royal charter, which was approved, and measures were taken to obtain such charter from the provincial governments of New- York and New-Jersey (the Synod yet having no corporate legal existence.) The Eevolution, however, put an entire stop to the whole business, and it was not till twelve years later ( 1787) that further action was taken on the matter. A report was made the following year, and a plan was proposed, and measures to secure a charter were taken — the delinquent Classes of Hackensack and New-Brunswick, in the mean time, being directed to insert "•Widows' Fund" in the list of their lemmata, the other Classes having already done so. But the subject, after this, remained in an entirely dor- mant condition for twenty years. No action whatever was taken by the General Synod after this till 1809, when the Particular Synod of New- York sent up a request concerning the matter, and a plan for a Widows' Fund. This plan the General Synod indorsed, and recommended to ministers and others of the Eeformed Dutch Church, and here again the matter for a time reposed. The Particular Synod of New -York, however, continued to agitate the matter, and, in 1818, again requested the General Synod to put in operation, as soon as practicable, some plan of a Widows' Fund. A committee was accordingly appointed, consisting of Revs. Bradford, Cuyler, Westbrook, and Gosman, and Elder Abram Van Vechten, to devise and initiate a plan. A plan is accordingly found in the minutes of 1814, consisting of thirteen ^ articles. The committee state that it was no slight task to form an equita- ble plan of such a fund, but they had been greatly guided by the laws of a similar society in the Episcopal Church. The plan stated, in brief, that there could be three classes of members to said fund, according as they paid $10, $20, or $30 annually, to be benefited accordingly, and that these subscriptions, together with all donations and legacies, should go to con- stitute a permanent fund, the income of which, when not required, should swell the principal. The annuities should be five times the sum of all the annual contributions, provided this were possible ; if not, in a pro-rata APPENDIX. ' 653 proportion among the members ; but never should an annuity exceed §750. If only five premiums bad been paid, then the beneficiary should receive ten per cent on the amount actually contributed, but only for thirteen years. If more than five or less than fifteen premiums had been paid, the annuitant should only receive half dividend, until the other half should makeup the equivalent of fifteen full premiums — the latter number making one a full member of the fund. Any brother who should marry a second time should pay one extra premium. A clerical widow, remarrying, should receive thereafter only half the annuity to which she was previously entitled. A motherless child, or children, should receive the complete annuity for thirteen years, or a final and equitable settlement could be made in place of annuities, if desired. Congregations could pay the premiums for their ministers, and clergy- men of other denominations could belong to the fund. The Synod of 1814 confirmed this plan as the basis of the ATidows' Fund. But after this foundation was laid, a long Sabbath ensued. The matter is barely referred to in 1816. In 1833, a committee was appointed, con- sisting of Revs. C. C. Cuyler, R. Bronk, and Elder Christian Miller, to in- vestigate anew the matter of the Widows' Fund, and report in 1833. They were not ready. They were discharged, and another committee appointed in their place, consisting of 3Iessrs. Jas. A. Hardenbergh, A. Van Nest, and Peter Sharpe. This committee made no report from year to year, though continued for seven years, and in 1830 they were discharged and no further action taken, and the subject remained in abeyance till 1835. In this year, the Classis of Montgomery recommended their churches to raise a fund for disabled ministers or their widows, and the Particular Synod of Albany noticed the matter, and referred it to the General Synod. The subject was by them referied to a special committee, consisting of Revs. Jacob Schoonmaker, James Murphy, John H. Bevier, and Elders Isaac Roosevelt and Benjamin Wood. They reported to refer the whole matter to the Board of Direction of Corporation, and that Revs. James :>.ruq3hy, Andrew Yates, and Thomas M. Strong be associated with said Board, and that they report at the next Sj-nod. But at the time specified, no report was received, and the committee was discharged. A special committee was then appointed, consisting of Revs. James Murphy, Cornelius Bogardus, and Elder P. D. Vroom, who made a report at the same session, (1836,) which was accepted, but final action deferred till the next year ; the report in the mean time to be published in the Christian InUlMgencer, (which was done in January, 1837,) and the several Classes were asked to give particu- lar attention to it, and to express their opinions about it. The Boari of Direction were also asked to take charge of the fund, to which they agreed. In the Particular Synod of Albany, some of the Classes approved the plan completely, and some partially. In the Particular Synod of New- York, the Classes of Bergen, Paramus, and Poughkeepsie urged the matter on, the other Classes either havmg neglected to take action, or declining to express an opinion. 654 APPENDIX. The General Synod, (1837,) after heai-ing these proceedings of Classes, referred the whole matter to a committee, consisting of Revs. James Mur- phy, Edwin Holmes, and Isaac M. Fisher, and Elders Button and Thomp- son, who reported at the same session : " That the clergymen now present be invited to sign a memorandum, promising to pay, within the year, $20 for the establishment of such a fund. That the churches take up collections about the first Sabbath in October next for this cause." Committees were also appointed to solicit contributions in the different cities. Each Classis was directed to appoint a committee for a similar pur- pose ; that their duties be done without delay ; and that the Board of Direction digest the plan more fully, and frame by-laws, and that explana- tory circulars be sent to the churches. Twelve clergymen at once paid the amount, making $240. During the first year, premiums and donations amounted to $956.32. The circular which was sent to the churches (see p. 108, session 1838) explained the plan and objects of the fund. It was to be under control of the General Synod. A payment of $20 annually secm-ed an interest in the fund, which should become available to applicants when it had reached $10,000, after which premiums and donations could be considered income, if so desired. The maximum allowance to disabled ministers or their widows should be $200 per annum, or to their children, if wholly orphans, $75 per annum each, till sixteen years of age. If the funds warrant, the maximum may be increased — the whole income, be it more or less, to be divided, pro rata, among the applicants. Five premiums, however, must have been paid to entitle one to the maximum ; if not so many, the benefit to be in due proportion. Failure to pay the premiums forfeits the member- ship in the fund ; the marriage of a widow forfeits her claims, but not the claims of the children under sixteen, who shall receive as if full orphans. The committee appointed to solicit contributions reported that, on account of the financial embarrassments of the times (1837) they had not thought it wise to proceed. The Synod directed that the circular of the Board of Direction be read in the churches before the collection. Consistories were exhorted to make their pastors members by an annual contribution (1839.) But few ministers, however, subscribed ; comparatively few contributions were received, and but few Classes were heard from. The Board of Cor- poration say in their report that they cannot speak on this subject without pain, considering the importance of the fund, as it disappointed expecta- tions. One Classis (that of Schoharie) at the same time asked the Synod to make some provision by which jsoor ministers may become members of the fund. The Synod at this time appointed a standing committee consisting of Revs. Murphy, Kittle, and Zabriskie, and Elders Heyr and Houston, to be called the Committee on the "Widows' Fund. During the then session, they examined into its condition and prospects, and reported encouragingly. Two years had produced a fund of three thousand one hundred and fifty- five dollars and twenty-one cents. The committee at once requested in their report that the Board of Corporation prepare their by-laws and sug- APPENDIX. 655 gestions, and that the whole plan be published in an appendix to the min- utes of Synod. A modification of the plan was also adopted, pennitting brethren to withdraw their premiums without interest if they desired. The system of Classical agencies was also proposed, and the consistories were directed to endeavor to keep their pastors members of this fund. The ministers present were entreated at once to become members by payment in cash, or by giving their notes, The plan, asnow4mended, is accord- ingly found in an appendix to the minutes of 1839. The accumulation was still very slow. Up to June, 1840, only $5000 had been obtained. Many of those who had originally promised had not met their pledges. In 1841, it stood at $6009 ; in 1842, at $7550 ; in 1843, at $8733 ; in 1844, at $9800. Great complaint was made that many of the original subscribers could not yet receive any benefit through the apathy of others. Five and ten dollar subscriptions were now allowed, with benefit accordingly. In June, 1845, the fund for the first time became available. It was now stipulated that, if any withdrew the premiums paid, it should be taken from the income, and not the principal. Eight'years had been consumed in reaching $10,000, and only seven churches had taken up col- lections. The treasurer was henceforth allowed $150 per annum for taking care of the Widows' Fund. During the first year in which it was available, there were paid $1100 as annuities from its income and collections, to be considered as income. They now proposed and made an effort to double the fund during the years 1846-7, and circulars were sent accordingly to all the ministers, and an agent was appointed ; but this hope was not realized till eighteen years after, namely, in 1864, when it stood at $20,589. The amended plan was published in minutes of 1846. In 1849, there were sixty-seven subscribers and seven annuitants. Six subscribers about this time withdrew their premiums paid, amounting to $560, which greatly reduced the annuities. The Board of Corporation made lamentable reports of the slow progress of the fund. They suggest that there must be some radical objection to it. They had reported their confidence in it every year, till everybody had seemed to lose confidence. Synod requested again that consistories should make their pastors members. In 1855 the Sustentation Fund was started, as a collateral aid to the Widows' Fund, for those ministers in their old age or infirmities who had not been able to pay the twenty dollars premium to the Widows' Fund. The widows of such could also receive aid from it. Its moneys were to be deposited with the New- York Life Insurance and Trust Company, or to be safely invested elsewhere. It was under the same officers as the Widows' Fund, who, moreover, stated their fears that the latter would be injured in its prospects thereby. In 1860, by the withdrawal of premiums, the annuities were reduced to ainost nothing, and the same diificulties continued for two or three years. And when at length some radical modifications were proposed, a panic was created, and so many withdrew the premiums paid that in 1864 no annuities were received by the members, to the great distress of many. At last, the 656 APPENDIX. t modified plan proposed by Mr. Jewett, of Pouglikeepsie, was approved by- all the members, and is the present plan, and hardly liable to any future modifications, having reached a comparative degree of perfection. Pre- miums of $30, $10, or $5 annually make a clergyman a member with corre- sponding benefit, interest to be required if payments be protracted more than six months ; neglect for a whole year to be a forfeiture of privilege. An amount yielding^SO, $10, or $5 interest a year may be paid at once, and, at the death of the party, heirs may be entitled to the benefit of the fund, and also to withdraw the principal advanced. Members may now withdraw only seventy-five per cent of premiums paid, if they wish their member- ship to cease, and then onlyafter nine months' notice, provided also that the whole number of such applicants shall not be entitled to receive an amount greater than half the income of the fund in any one year. A principal sum, however, may be wholly withdrawn after due notice. Half of the annual premiums and collections shall go to the income, and half to the I)rincipa]. At least five annual premiums must have been paid to entitle one to the maximum dividend. If not five, the dividend to be in propor- tion. A widow marrying forfeits her claim, but the children under sixteen do not. These general provisions and modifications, which are also un- doubted improvements, place this fund on a foundation better than ever before. It seciires large annuities not only by a more rapidly increasing capital, but also prevents those sudden panics, which once reduced the annuity to nothing, when the full amount of the premiums might be taken from the income. The capital of this fund now amounts to about $50,000. There is, in addition to this, a Disabled Ministers' Fund, the invested capital of which is about $20,000. Both these funds are increased from year to year by contributions from such churches as choose to give, and by legacies, as well as by the regular premiums. The churches contributed for the year ending April 30, 1878, nearly §1300 for the Widows' Fund, and the sum of about |800 was received by bequest ; $3359 was divided among the annuitants. The Disabled Ministers' Fund was increased during the same time nearly $1700, and $4333 were distributed among aimuitants. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF MmiSTERS IN TOE Reformed Chueoh in Ameeioa, FOR 250 YEARS-1628-1878.* Mich»elias^J 1623 Bogardus, E 1633 Megapoiensis, J 1642 Backerus, E 1C47 [Grasmeer, VV.] .- 16S0 Drishis, S 1653 Schaats, Gid 1G52 Polhemus, J. T 1654 Carpentier, Casp 1657 Wefius, E 1657 [Zypenis, M.l 1659 Blom.H 1660 Selyns,H 1660 [Luyck, Al 1661 Hadson, W 1664 MegaDolensis, S 1664 Mnd of West-India Company's Bale. Van Nienwenhnysen, W 1671 [Van Rensselaer^ N.] 1675 TanZnuren, C 167T Van Gaasbeek, L 1678 Tesschenmaeker, P 1679 Weekstein, J 1681 Selyns, H. (again).... 1682 Daille.P., (Fr.) 1683 Dellius, G 1633 Varick.E 1685 Bondet, J., (if;-.) 1686 Vaudenboscb, L., (Fr.) 16S7 Born-epos, D., {Fr.) 1687 Peiret,P., {Fr.) 1688 Bertholf,G 1694 Lnpardiis, W 1695 Hucella, J.P 1095 [Charter of the Uli. oflTew-Yorh City] 1696 Du Bois, Qualt 1699 Laborei, Jas., {Fr.) 1699 Preeman, B 1700 Lydius, J 170D Antonides, V 3706 Beys.H 1706 Morgan, Jos 1709 P.hle, .T. J. * 1710 Eon, L., {Fr.) 1710 Van Vleck, P 1710 Vas, P 17T0 Hagar, H.* 1711 Van Driesen.P 1712 Boel.H 1713 Bi-ower.T 1715 Moalinar, J. J., (if/-.) 17J8 Van Santvoord. C 1718 Pl-elinghuysen, J. T 1780 Hagar, J. P.* 17-20 Dll Bois, Gid 1724 Eose, L., (Fr.) 1724 Coens, H 1725 Erickzon, E 1725 Antes, H.» 1726 Beohtel.J.* 1720 Mntzelius, F 1^6 Weiss, G. M.» ira« Van Driesen, J 1737 Boehme, J.* 1729 Curtenius, A 1730 Goetschey. J. H 17:» Mancius, G. W 1730 Miller, J. P.* 1730 Haeghoort, G 3731 Van Schio, C 1731 Schertlein, J. P.* 1735 Hock, J. J.* 17.38 Eeiger, J. B.* 1736 Schuyler, John 1730 The Coetus Provosed. Dorsias G '. 1737 Toberbiller* 1737 Goetschius, J. H 1738 Tlieuss* 1739 Valk* 17-M Van Basten 1739 Eauch,C. H.* 1710 Torsihius* 17'in Pryenmoet, J. C 1741 * The Dutch language was used in the Dntch churches almost entirely from 1628-1763, al- though not a few of the Dutch ministers also preached occasionally in French and English, Between 176.3-1820 Dutch and Enj^lish were both used, but the English rapidly gained ground. With the recent large immigration of Hollanders to Michigan and the West, begin- ning in 1847, the Dutch language has again come into use in those HoUandish churches. Before 1793, the German churches in Pennsylvania were also under the Dutch Classis of Amsti-rdam, and the names of their ministers are here marked by a *. The few French minif-ters, mostly, if not all. under the Amsterdam Classis are designated by Fr. The names of the ministers now living and in connection with the E.C.A. are printed in smat.l CAPITALS. The names below the dash , under the respective years, are those who have entered from other denominations, 43 658 APPENDIX. Arondens, J 1T42 Dil Bois, Ab 3 743 Wuert, J. C* 1743 Lischy, Jac* 1742 liitzema, J 1144 Schnorr, C. L.* 1744 Brandenmillcr* 1745 Frelinghuypen, Th 1745 Meinema, B 1745 Schlatter, M.* 1746 Van Sintlerin, V 1746 Wirtz, J. C* 1746 Bartholomaus, D.* 1748 Hochreiitiner, J. J.* 1748 Leydicli, J. P.*. . . .' 1748 The Coefus Organized. Lej'dt, J 1748 Miller, F. C* 1748 Vanderlinde, B 1748 ? [De Wint, P.] 1749 Verbryck, S. .-. ♦ 1749 Van Hovenbergh, B. T 1749 Zubli* 1749 Dtt Boi8, J 1760 FreliEghnyseu, J 1750 Vock, L. F* J.. 1750 De Eonde, L 1751 Eubel,J.C 1751 Steiner, J. C* 1751 Rosenkrantz, A 1751 Dillenberger, J. J.* 1752 Frankenf eld* 1733 ilarinus, D 1753 Otterbein, P. W.* 1732 Stoy, Wm.* 1753 Templeman, C* 1752 ■Waldschmid, J.* 1752 WasBlcr* 1752 ■Wcrrme, J. A 1753 Prelingmiysen, P 1753 FrelingbnysGn, Jac 1753 Romeyn, Th 1753 fichuneman, J 1733 Vrooman, B 1753 Cavle. J., (i>>-.) 1754 Goetschius, J. M 1754 Kidenweilcr, E.* 1734 Reid, S. H.* 1754 AmsHcan Classis Organized. Prelicghuysen, H 1755 Kals, W 1756 Alspiitz, J. G.* 1737 Dalllcker, P.* 1757 Jackson, Wm 1757 Barcolo 1758 Bonner* 1758 Hardenbergb, J. E 1758 Van Nist, J 1758 Martin.* 1758 Frederic* 1758 Houdin, M., (ifr.) 1758 [Kettletas, Ab.] 17.58 Westerlo, B 1760 Guldin.* 1760 Eothenbuhler 1761 Blaw, C 1762 Biicher, J. C* 1762 EieB,J.* 1703 Stapel, CM.* 1763 Cock.G.D 1763 Kern, J. M 1763 Laidlie, A., w7to was the Jirst reg- ular preacher. Meyer, H .' 1763 Scaooumaker, II 1763 Weyborg, CD.* 1763 Weyberg,P* 1763 Formal Organisation of the Conferentie. Du Bois, B'. 1764 Duperf 1764 Henop, P. L.* 1704 Hendel, W.« 1764 lydekker,G 1765 Pomp,N.* 1765 Eysdyck, Is 1765 Schoonmaker, M 1765 Znfall , J. * 1765 Boelen, H 1766 Eomeyn, D 1766 Chalker, Is.* 1766 Faber.J.T.* 1766 Gobrecht, J. C* 1766 Gross, J. D 1766 Lange, C. P.* 1766 Luther, S.« 17G6 Kuypers, W 1769 Pithan* 1769 Comingoc, B. E.* : 1769 Poeriiig, CP 1770 Livingston, J. H 1770 Loppins 1770 Weymer, Jac* 1770 Articles of Union. Blnmer, Ab.* 1771 Bochme, C L.* 1771 Boos* 1771 Doll, G. L 1771 Gobhard.J. G 1771 HcIfEenstein, J. C. A.* 1771 Helfferich, J. H.* 1771 . Nevelling, J. W. G.* 1771 Schwope* 1771 Steiner, C* 1771 Wack, C* 1771 Wagner, D.* 1771 Weber.J.W.* 1771 Willaner, G.* 1771 Witner, J. G.* 1771 Cough* 1773 Gueting, G. A. « 1773 Van Voorhis, S 1772 Van Bunschooten, B 1773 Van Neste, E 1773 Paber, J. C* 1773 Proeligh, S 1774 Ingold, J. W.* ... 1774 Goetschius, S 1774 Weikel,J.H 1774 Dubbendorf, S 1776 Kennipe 1776 Eunklo, J. W 1776 Stahlfchmidt 1776 De Witt, P 1778 Leydt, M 1778 Schenck, Wm 1718 Blauvelt, Is 1780 Lansing, N 1780 Luther 1780 Schneider 1780 Willey. .- 1780 Van Arsdale, S 1780 Giesy, H 1783 Eomeyn, T. F 1783 Appointment of 71r. Livingston as Theological i'l ofessm\ BlauveU, T. Duryca, J. 1784. APPENDIX. 659 Broepple, J. L. Cozine. Loritz. Pemisins, P. T. SchoefEer. [Spangenberg, C] I „ Willey, B. F. > '^"^■ Winckhaus, J, H. Heyman, L. P. Schneyder, G. W. Becker, C. i. Bitbahn. 1786. Troldeiner.* Van Harlingen, J. M. 1787. Bassett, J. Froeligh, M. Kuypers, G. A. Lowe, P. ' Komeyn, J. V. C. Studdif ord, P. Linn, W. Uhitara, L. ) Hautz, A. Scbwam. >Ger. Brinkerhoff, G. G. Labagb, Is. Leydt, P. Lnptou, B. S. Eomeyii, Jer. Stryker, P. Van Home, Ab. Peck. Demarest, J. Smith. S. Jennings, J. Loritz.* Stack, P.* Gray, A. Jackson, J. F. Tan Yranken, N. McDowell, E. Dyslin, J. H. Cornelison, J. Bogert, D. S. Kuypers, W. P. Ot-trander, S. Paige, W. Van Vlierden, P. Abeel, J. N. Brower, C. Bmsb, J. C. Kuypers, Z. H. Van Huyeen, H. 'Eosegrant, E. Sickles, J. Condict, I. Johnson, J. B. Smith, W. K. Bork, C. Brokaw, A. Cannon, J. S, Labagh, P. 1788. 1789. 1790. 1791. 1792. 1793. 1794. 179S. 1796. Larzalere, J. Mandeville, Gar. Yates, A. Close, J. Janeway, J. J. Kirby, Thos. 1797. Barcolo, G. Cornell, J. Duryea, P. H. Eltinge, W. Manley, W. Meyer, J. H. Polhemns, H. P. Eomeyn, J. B. Eomeyn, T. Van Doren, Is, Vrcdenbnrgh, J. S. Wyckoff, H/ ^■. Eomeyn, B. Wack, J. J. Ten Eyck, C. Miles, J. B. 1798. 1799. 1800. 18.01. Ostrander, H. ZabrLskie, J. L. Froeligh, P. D. Schoonmaker, Jac. Schureman, J. Toll, J. C. Van Pelt, P.X Vedder, H. Westervelt, E. 1802. Christie, J. I. Hardenbergh, Chs. Palmer, S. Fox, V. K. Spinner, J. P. Will, P. 1803. Bemarest, J. D. Overbagh, P. A. Scherraerhorn, C. D. Whitbeck, A. 1804. Ames, J. W. Bogert, S. Brodhead, Jac. Van Buren, P. Westbrook, C. D. Kyle, T. Bradford, J. M. Brower, S. H. Haliday, T. Kittle, A. N. Rowan, S. N. ■Woodhull, S. W. 1807. Demarest, C. T. 1808. Bogardus, C. Cnyler, C. C. DeVoe, D. Hasbrouck, J. K. H. 660 APPENDIX. Hoffman, Ab. Beattie, J. Fonda, Jesse. Gosman, J. Force, J. Q. Gunn, A. Semoval of the Theological Seminary to ifew-Brunswick. Hendricks, J. Livingston, G. E. 1810. N.B.S. 181S. De Witt, T. Mabon, J. S. Dreyer, J. IT. McMurray, W. IV.B.S. 1813. Bronlc, E. Wynlioop, P. S. De Witt, Jolin. Field, J. T. Matliews, J. M. Milledoler, P. Sciiermerliom, J. F. N.B.S. 1814. Murphy, J. Vcrmeule, C. C. Van Santvoord, S. Van Vechten, Jac. Carle, J. H. Christie.'.Jae. Jones, N. Ames, J. W. IV.B.S. 1815. Marselus, N. J. Slnyter, E. Wilson, A. D. N.B.S. 1816. Bogardus, W. E. Eltinge, C. C. Johnson, I. V. Neal, A. Schultz, J. I. Amerman, A. Bruen, M. Knox, John. Strong, P. N. N.B.S. 1817. Alburtis, J. Kiesam, S. Ludlow, J. Philips, W. W. Van Vranken, S. A. Van Zandt, P. iWyckoff, I. N. Parker, D. N.B.S. 1818. BogardiiB, C. De Freest, D. E. Hoff, B, Monteith, W. N.B.S. 1819. Whiting, BrinkerhofE, J. G. DuBois G. Fonda, Jac. D. Goetschius, S. Z. Eawls, J. Eomeyn, Jas. Smaltz, J. H. Vandervoort, J. C. Van Hook, I. A. N.B.S. 1820. Baldwin, Eli. Dewing, J. Ferris, Is. Fisher, Is. M. Ludlow, G. Switz, A. J. Van Liew, J. Weidman, P. N.B.S. 1821. Dwight, M. W. Fort, Ab. Ketch urn. Is, S. Bouse, P. P. Ten Byck, J. B. Vonck, (Funk,) S. P. Wilson, Jos. Heyer, W. H. Scudder, John, N.B.S. 1823. McClure, J. Stryker, H. B. Tatloe, B. C. Vanderveer, J. Van Vechten, S. Wynkoop, B. Dey, E. V. McLean, Eobt. Strong, T. M. N.B.S. 1823. Blair, E. J. Centre, W. Vandekveer, F. H. Jordan, Mark. Knouee, Chas. McNeill, A. Miller, J. B. Mills, G. Searle, Jer. Steele, J. B. N.B.S. 1824. Aeeel, G. Bennett, A. Cruikshank, W. Hardenbergh, J. B. Meeker, S. Messlee. Ab. moreis, j. p. Sbaes, J. C. Slingerland, E. Van Keuren, B. Van Olinda, D. WtnkooPj Jepf. Yates, J. A. Lansing, J. V. S. McLean, E. APPENDIX. 661 N.B.S. 1825. Beetanan, J. T. B. Fisber, G. H. Takeeli,, J. G. Van Kleek, B. D. Eico, H. L. Kady, J. N.B.S. 1S26. Abeel, D. Boice, I. C. Dumont, A. H. Garretson, J. Heermance, H. Labagh, A. I. Labagh, Is. P. Paulizon, C. Z. Van Cleef , C. Van Wagenen, J. H. Westfall, B. B. WliiteheaiJ, Clias. Boyd, J. Boyse, W. Brownlee, W. C. Bvans, W. Mason, Eb. Ogilvie, J. Q. Teller, J. H. N.B.S. 1827. Holmes, E. McKelvey, J. Stevenson, J. B. [Van Dyke, L. B.] Pellenger, H. Bethane. G. W. Campbell, A. D. Chittenden. De Mund, I. S. Denbam, A. Frey, C. F. Otterson. Shimeall, E. O. N.B.S. 182S. Lee, E. P. Qaaw, J. E. Eaymoud, H. A. Cahoone, W. Dunlap, J. Morse, B. T. Mulligan, J. Eobertson, N. EoGsa, E. Kirkwood, E. N.B.S. 1839. Cole, I. D. Demarest, JA3. Mandeville, H. Talmage, J. E. Van Dyck, C. L. Cornell, F. F. Halsey, A. O. McClelland, A. McNair, H. Snyder, H. Stimpson, H. P. Taylor, H. N.B.S. 1830. Amerman. T. A. Boyd, H. M. Hunt. C. Kip, F. M. Liddell, J. A. Mank, a. M. Marcellus, A. A. Metebs, a. fl. Pitcher, J. H. Warner, A. M. Wells, E. Bogardus, N". Hangen, J. W. Bobbins, S. N.B.S. 1831. Beviek, J. H. Cnshing, D. Gregobt, O. H. Manley, J. Van Arsdale, C. C. BlTMSTEAD, S. A. Campbell, W. H. Edwards, T. ' Seeley, A. W. N.B.S. 1832. Garretson, G. I. Rogers, L. SCHANCK, G. C. SCHOOIOIAKEB, R. L. Van Liew, J, C. Waenee, a. H. Baldwin, J. C. Garvin, Is. How, S. B. Laing, J. Salisbury ^W. Ward, J. W. N.B.S. 1833. Bassler, B. LusK, M. Van Arsdale, J. R. Ambler, J. B. Bronson, O. Gray, J. Kirkland, R. Lockwood, L. R. Parry, Thompson, D. E. N.B.S. 1834. behsh, vr. Currie, R. O. Heyius, E. Stimpson, E. P. Thompson, F. B. Williamson, P. S. Westfall, S. V. E. Babbit, A. Gregory, T. B. Mason, J. Stewart, J. W. Van Aken, E. Williams. HUTTON, M. S. N.B.S. 1835. Ennis, Jac. Lillie, J. Polhemus, A. Toungblood, "W. Bbownlee, Jas. 662 APPENDIX. Bannell, S. Burtiss, A. Hawthorne, H, Hoes, J. C. F. Knight, E. W. May, E. H. Noe, D, D. Robb, J. Vebmilte, T. E. Woods, John. N.B.S. 1S36. Doty, E. Hillman, A. C. Michael, D. Qdick, P J. Eeilet, W. Scribner, J. M. Waring, H. E. Baldwin, J. A. Eggleston, A. Evans, B. Erazer, Thos. Hyndshaw, J. B. Pitcher, W. Van Zahdt, B. N.B.S. 1S37. Allen, P. Ckuikshahk, J. C. Demarest, J. T. Demarest, W. DURTEA, J. H. GOKDOH, W. E. Heermanoe, H. Knox, J. P. Mesick, J. F. Pohlman, W. J. Wiggins, E. Macattlet, J. M. Moule, J. G. Pepper, J. P. Robertson, S. Nott, John. N.B.S. 1838. Brett, P. M. Clark, E. 0. Harriman, O. Van Doken, J. A. Wyckoff, C. Ayres, S. B. Campbell, J. K. Bbaugh, J. S. Lochead. Osborne, N. Van Santtoobd, Cob. N.B.S. 1839. Ackerson, J. H. Crawford, J. B. Elmendorf, A. Johnson, J. G. MOOBE, W. S. . Quackeneush, D. McL. Quick, J. J. Bourne, G. Gray, W. Harlow, S. Jones, I>. H. Jukes, Chs. N.B.S. 1840. Alligeb, J. B. Bookstaver, Jac. DEJrtARBST, D. D. De Puy, E. Janeway, J. L. Pitts, E. Schenck, G. Schenck, M. L. Sheffield, J. H. Staats, J. A. Steele, W. H. Stryker, Is. P. Vak Amburgh, E. Van Doren, W. T. Whitbeck, J. Abell, Jas. Bishop, A. H. Berkley, J. Brown, C. Chambers, T. W. Doolittle, H. Gates, C. Ingalls. Lindsay. Lord, Jer.S. Middlemas. I'orter, E. Prondflt, J. Starks, J. L. Van Doren, W. H, Wood, Joel. N.B.S. 1841. Cornell, J. A. H. Drake, P. T. Jones, G. Knieskebn, Jos. MiLLSPAUGH, A. C. Meyer, G. McP. Eandall, P. G. Thompson, W. J. Turner, W. E. Watson, J. Woodbridge, S. M. Buckham, Jas, Dyer, D. Kennedy. D. Knight, W. Sill, G. G. Eand, W. W. N.B.S. 1842. Blauvelt, C. J. Collins, B. V. Crispell, C. E. De Witt, John. Du Bois, J. Halloway. W. W. Hammond, E. S. Himrod, J. S. ■ Hulbeet, V. M. Lansing, J. A. Mills, S. W. Porter, E. S. Eyerson, a. G. schoonmaker, m. v. Scliultz, J. N. Tatlor, a. B. Willis, E. Winfield. A. B. WyckofF, T. F. Betts, W. E. S. Cliapman, J. L. APPENDIX. 663 Crocker, A. B. Dnnning. E. O. Diirvee, I. G. Gnldin, J. C. Murdock. D. Vander Volgen , J. V. Van Zandt, A. B. HAGEaLAN, C. S. N.B.S. 184^3. Ganse, H. D. Van Wyck, G. P. Williamson, G. R. Williamson, N. D. Clark, W- Davis, W. Lyall. Morris, H. Scott, Jaa. Van Buren, J. M. N.K.S. 1S44* Cornell, W. A. Gardner, J. Maeon, AV. W. McNeish, D. Oakey, P. D. Romondt, C. R. See, J. L. Taylor. W. J. R. Thompson, W. Vebder, E. Vermilte, a. G. Chester, C. H. Donald, Jas. Hall, D. B. Lillie, Jas. McFarland, Jas. McLean, C. G. Mead, C. S. New ton, E. Scudder, H. M. Slaiison, H. Vaji Dyck, L. H. N.B.S. 1845. Bailet, W. Knox, J. H. M. Lansing, J. Ao JjLOTD, A. Miller, W. A. Minor, J, SiMONSON, J_ Smith, N. E. Strong, T. C. Talmage, G, Talmage, J. V. N. voorhees, j. n. West, Jag. Wyckoff, A. Y, Kerr, G. N.B.S. 1846. Chapman, N. P. COMPTON, J. M. Butcher, J. C. Hedges, H. G. Murden, B. P. Seeber, S. Spaulding, C- Stewart, A. T. Van Cleep, P. D. Van Neste, G. J. Hall, B. R, Henry, J. V. Neander, J, Miller, L L. K. Scudder, W. W. Wiley, C. X.B.S. 1847. Concklin, N. Davenport, J. A, Lord, D. Manning, J. H. Steele, R, H. Van Nest, A. R. GnLicK, A. McLaren, M, N. Roof, G. L. Thompson, A. R. Vandermeulen, C. N.B.S. 1S4S Eltinge, C. D. Hammond, J. W. Peltz, p. Seaele, S. T. Steele, J. Stitt, C. H. Stryfcer, P. Ten Etck, W. H. Todd, J. A. Van Brant, R. Van Wyck, P, little, E. G. Marvin, U. Moore, J. G. Serenbetz, i*'. M. Stebbins. Van Thuysen, A. B. N.B.S. 1840. Anderson, W. H. Eckel, H. Ferris, J. M. Phelps, Jr., P. ROMEYN, T. B. SCHENCK, J. W. Snyder, B. F. Van Woert, J. H. Bradford, W. J, Dickson, A. Evans, C. A. Freeze, A. P. James, W, L. Livingston, H- G, McCartney, G. P, Rosencrantz, J. Smith, J. Smaller. Steins, F. Waxdron, C. N". Willets. N.B.S. 1850. Berry, J. R. Dater, H. Du Bois, A. Lente, J. R, LiPPINCOTT, B. C. LocKwoob, S. Strong, J. P. Taylor, W. VOORHEES, H. V. Bruen, J. M. 664 APPENDIX. Crav.'ia, E. E. Lehloach, P. A. N.B.S. 1851. Bebnaet, J. E. buckalmw, w. d. Case, C. Comfort, L. L. Purbeck, G. Jansen, J. N. Mandeville, G. n. Rockwell, G. Scott, Chs. Scudder, Jos. Van Vkakken, A. II. Wilson, J. B. BOLKS, S. Brown, S. E. Buck, C. D. Bulkley, C. H. A. Gary, J. A. Kasse, A. K. Kltn, H. G. Pierce, N. P. Eo"wland, J. M. Seward, t>. M. Smit, E. Vanclermculen, C. Van Eaalte, A. C. Wiseman, J. Ypma, M. A. N.B.S. 1S52. Collier, Jos, A. Gaston, J. Julien, E, B. See. T. M. Van Gieson, A. P. Berg, J. P. Bui-shai-dt, P. H. Cochrane. A. G. Hoe, W. P. Jameson, C. M. La Toarette, J. A. M. McOlure, A. McKee, -Jos. Shaw, J. B. N.B.S. 1853. ELMENDORI', J. Jones, N. W. Kershow, J. H. McNair, J. L. Searle, Step. See, W. G. B. Shepakd, C. J. Atwatee, E. R. I Bavie, J. T. M. dunnewold, j w. Edgar, C. H. Madoulet, J. B. Pollle, K. A. J. Eeed.H. Seelye, J. H. [Van Dvck, C. V. A.] Wolff, W. Zurcher, J. N. N.B.S. 1854. Collier, E. W. Lane, G. Letson, W. W. MuLLEn, J. StiUwell, A. L.. •Stont, N. Terliune, E. P. Beatty, Jas. Bentley, B. W. Beidler, P. P. Birkey, H. Bronson, O. Burroughs, G. W. Coyler, T. L. DiCKHAUT, C. Hones, J. McGregor, B. E. MOHN, L. Pflster, J. P. Pegk, T. E. G. Talmage, P. S. Vandewater, A. N.B.S. 1855. Db Battn, J. A. JORALMON, J. S. Livingston, E. P. Scbneeweiss, p. M. schnellendreussler, h. f. p. Schwedes, P. E. SCUDDEB, E. C. Scudder, J. W. Van Vleck, J. Wells, C. L. Zabriskie, P. N. Bielfield, H. Bingham, L. G. BOEHRER, J. Fulton. Gardeneir, W. Hastings. Johns, Wm. King, F. L. Kuss, C. Parker, Chs. Pettingill, J. H. Schwilk, W. F. Vander Schunr, E. Weisgotten, Z. Welch, E. B. Wust, W. C. N.B.S. 1856. CORWIN, E. T. Demarest, J., Jr. Boohttle, p. M. Harris, J. P. Muun, A. F. Oerter, J. H. Talmage, T. Be W. Vande Wall, G. Wagner, J. M. Wtckoff, J. S. Benedict, W. A. Bolton, Jas. Boeppenschmidt, C. Byer, S. Priedel, H. a. Gardiner, H. B. Hasolbarth, W. G. Oggel, P. J. Pearoe, J. L. EOGERS, E. P. Van Buren, B. N.B.S. 1857. Becker, H. E. Holmes, J. McC. Le Fevrb, Jas. APPENDIX. 065 Markle, J. sutdam, j. h. Thompson, H. B. Becker, Chs. Brown, II. J. Cobb, O. J. Finch, H. \V. Hamilton, Wm. Jewett, A. D. L. Morse, A. G. RiddJe, D. H. Romainc, B, F, Koosevelt, W. Selden. C. Van Lieuwen, Wm. "Watson, A, De Lnister, J, N.B.S. 185S. Enyakd, W. T. LOTT, J. S. LOTVE, J. C. Mayou, Jos. McKelvey, Alex. i^EEF, J. F. Ostrom, A. Kapaeje. D. Riedel, F. W. A. Seaj-le, Jer., Jr. Sthong, K. G. 'pHoaii^oN, J. B. Todd, A. F. Buri, P. Campfield, E. B. Cole, David. Collins, Che. Conrad, C. E. Hall, J. G. Lansing, A, G. McEckron, G. M. Merrill, F- Ntkekk, G. J. Seelye, E. E. St. John. Stoeeelaek, 'N. Sturges, S. Wileon, H. ^". White, E. X. Zastera, F. ZwsaiEfi, A. IV.B.S, 1859. Chambekeain, Jac. Vu Bois, H. FtTKBECK, P. Hansen, M. G. HtrrssooN, Jas. Jansen, Josiah. Knowlton, A. W Lott, H. R Nott, C. D. Riddle, M. B. Schiebe, H. Shaw, W. A. Vandebveer, C. G. Weiss, E. M. Crosby, H. B, Henshavv, M. Houbolt, W. A. Sawter, a. (Hindoo.) Shaffer, T. L. Skinner, T. H., Jr. Studdiford, P. A. Verbeck, G. F. Wales, E. Y. IV.B.S. 1860. Baay, Jac. Baleagh, J, n. Berry, P. Collier, Is. Gdlick, a, "V, Hutton. M. H. Jones, H. W. F. Kip, L. W., Jr. Miller, E. Peeke, G. H. Proadfit. R. R. Eogera, L. C. ScuDDEB, John. Talmage, T. A. Warner, I. W. Watkins, J. E. WORTMAN, D. Aurand. H. Baird, C. W. Bates, E. D. Brace, W. Eel] 9, Jas. Hitchcock. E. W. Johnson, H, E. Knox, Chs. Larimore, J. W. ilajor, J. W. McWlLLIAMS, A. Rice, C. D. Rockwell, Chs. Timlow, H. J, Wenisch, J. N.B.S. 18-31. Blauvelt, a. Bonuey, P. B. Butz, H. A. Dbury, J. B. DURAND, C. B. DURYEE, W. R. Frazee, J. H. Kip, I. L. Krum, J. D. Miller, W. H. PlETERS, R. Stanebough, E. M. Strong, M. R. SwiCK, M. Thompson, A. Vandermeulen, J. C. Vakdek Veen, C. Van Vranken, F. V. Vehslage, H., Jr. Watson, T. G. Wilson, P, Q. Gilbert, A. F. Heermance, E. L. Little, J. A. Murray, C. D. N.B.S, 1862. Beck, T. E. Brandt, H. W. Brock, J. R. Borr, M. Collier, L H. Cornell, W. Doolittle, T. S. Fehrman, Jac. Garrbtson, G. S. Gdlick, V. D. Mathews, J. R. Mattice, Ab. Peeke, A. P. APPENDIX. Rhikehaet. J, K. EOBERS, S J. SCHERMEUHORN, H. E. Sebeinq, a. J. Vahdermeulen, John. Whitbeck, K. M. 'Wilson, P. P. Wurts, W. a. Betten, a. J. Clark, R. W. Connitt, G. W. Duryea, Jos. T. Gardner, T. A. Geamm, G. B. Scudder, S. D. Vebkhuizen, a. B. N.B.S. 1863. Ballaqh, W. H. Beakdslee, J. W. bogardus, ¥. m. Bogardus, W. B. De Witt. E, Getee, J. W. Hageman, a. J". Kaestest, J. H. Lyell, Jas. Phraser, W. H. Skillman, W. J. Vertnilye, D. VOORHBES, H. M. VOOEHEES, W. B. Wilson, C. W. Winter, E. Zabeiskib, Jee. L. Iap Han Chiosg, (Chinese.) Kimball, Jos. Meyer, C. Petrie, J. Ricketts, J. H. Lo Tau, (Chinese,) Turner, Jas. White, G. N.B.S. 1864. Bartholf, B. A. Bodine, G. D. W. Borst, J. W. Broek, D. Cole, S. T. Busenbeeee, T. S. Garretson, J. Hartrantt, C. D. Quick, A. M. VAN Bensohoten, W. B. Van Doren, J. H. Van Wagenen, W. A. Wyckoep, Jas. Blautelt, 6. M. S. Boyd, J. C. Cobb, S. H. ciollier, e. a. Fenner, J. Hartlet, I. S. Schroeder. N.B.S. 1S65. Anderson, W. H. Brett, C. Brush, A. H. Be Free, P. Peitts, C. W. Gesner, 0. Horton, P. A. Justin, J. Lepeltak, p. Merritt, W. B. Schenck, J. V. N. ycHLIEDER, F. E. Sebring, E. N. Statesir, B. T. Strong, S. W. Van Sltke, E. Vroom, W. II. Wells, T. W. Wyckopp, D. B. Clark, W. H. Cludius, H. Dahlmann, J. J. W. Gerliard, L. Koopman, H. E. Eefdenbach, J. A. Schieder, P. E. Smith, W. H. TojiiB, J. S. L. N.B.S. 1866. Aeotjlarius. Brash, W. W. Kiekenveldt, M. Kriekaaed, a. Mills, G. A. Oguel, E. C. Pool, C. H. Seibeet, G. A. Shook, J. H. Swain, G. W. UlTBEWTCK, H. Cobb, H. N. Cooper, Jac. Denniston, J. O. Endees, J. H. Pairchild, E. S. Frazee, J. H. jongeneel, l. j. Eeiley, D. T. Roe, S. W. SlNOLAIE, J. H. N.B.S. 1867. Bahler, L. H. Beetholf, J. H. Bogeft, N. J. M. Halloway, W. W., Jr. Jones, T. W. Kip, F. M., Jr. Eutte, I. M. Steinpuhrer, C. D. p. sutphen, d. s. Van Aesdale, N. H. Van Buren, P. H. Van Doren, D. K. Van Home, D. Ward, N. Wyckoff, A. N. Beown, W. S. CONSAUL, G. D. W. De Beer, J. D. Eddy, Z. Bttirojooloo, S. (Hindoo.) Peltch, J. H. Hart, C. E. Heyser, H. C. Hicks, W. W. Israel, (Hindoo.) John, (Hindoo.) Kellogg, C. D. kutper, a. c. APPENDIX. 637 LlEEENEAD, M. F. Meuri, J. Sherwood, N. L. "Van Aken, (i. Vandek Veek, D. ^ . Yasadian, (Hindoo.) N.B.S. ISGS. A1.1.EN, J. K. Ahebuan, J. L. Campbell, A. D. Davis, J. A. De Hart, W. H. Grant, H. J. Myers, H. V. S. Shaw, J. F. Btgdt, H. Warnshtjis, J. W. Westveer, A. Zabriskie, a. a. Blauvelt, C. R. Cabroll, J. H. Cleghorn, E. B. De Bet, B. Deyoe, p. T. Farmer, S. F. Hayt, S. A. Hopkins, D. Lncllow, J. M. Meerwein, O. Noble, F. G. Paton, T. Eenseers, J. G. Kiley, Is. N.B.s, isea. ACKEEMAJsT, E. G. Beeg, H. C. bookstayee, a. a. Brokatv, I. P. Hetlst, G. D. Southard, J. L. Van Buskirk, P. V. Van Sltke, J. G, Q.S. 1S69« BtTDRSMA, A. Dan^emond, G. Gilmore, W. B. moerdyk, p. moerdtk, w. Tb Winkle, J. W. "Woltnian, H. Beattie, K. H. Branch, H. Banner, J. L. Ferris, Wm. Gamble, S. T. Ingersoll, E. p. Johnson, W. L. Mershon, S. L. Obb, T. S. Peffers, A. B. Shaw, A. Smith, M. B. Stockwell, A. P. N.B.S. ISTOo Campbell, J, B. Church. J, B. Kipp, P. E. Mead, E. Sdckow, C. F. C. U.S. ISTO, De Free, Jas. Heeren, E. J. huizinga, j. Van Ess, B. Bechtholb, a. H. Cakb, W. H. Orolius, P. B. Commings, L. Forsyth, Jas. C. Gleason, W. H. Huntington, H. L. Lord, E. Losch, H, Mters, a. E. Ormiston, W. Riggs. A. B. VanDoren, L. H. Viele, J. P. Wadsworth, C. Windemuth, G. Wood, A. » N.B.S. 1371. Bahleb, p. G. M. Cai;boll, V. B. Davis, W. E. Oliver, M. N. Van Doben, W. H. H.S, 1871. Broek, J. Vanderkreeke, G. Vissclier, Wm. De Jonge. W. p. Johnson, A- Hutton, a. J. Keeshaw, J. Lockwood, J. H. Magee, G. A. Mattice, H. McAdam, H. Nicholls, Thoe. Reichart, J. F. Schweitzer, E. Smart, J. G. Steffens, N. M. Stitt, W. C. Vanderkley, W, Voorhees, L. B. Weber, Jac. Williams, R. R. WOLFP, C. H. Keating, T. N.B.S. 1872. Cornet, E. DoiG, R. Hart, J. Hill, W. J. LODEWICK, E. SCHENCK, F. S. H.S- 1872. bobgers, h. Vahder Hart, E. Baetlett, D. K. Chambers, T. F. Griswold, J. Inglis, D. Masden, C. p. TouNG, A. H. 668 APPENDIX. N.B.S. 18T3. Andekson, a. Labaw, G. S. Lasher, C. E. Pbarsb, N. Peaese, "R. a. schenck, j. w. Tatlok, G. Van Deventer, J. C. H.S. 1873. Boer, H. K. De Bruyn, p. De Spelder, J. A. ZWEMER, J. F. Dean, A. DOSKER, N". H. DtTRKEE, A. Francis, L. Harris, H. E. Park, a. J. Eandles, W. N. Saul, G. Van Bmmerick, G. I. Whitehead, J. H. Wood, C. W. Wolfe, G. L. N.B.S. 1874. Benson, A. W. Garretson, J. C. Hageman, And. Todd, W. N. Veenschoten, W. Wyckofp, J. H. U.S. 1874. Hoffman, J. Neerken, C, Anderson, C. T. Bagley, F. Ban, J. A. Beekman, a. J. Bell, G. B. Betz, W. F. Butler, A. J. Dtsakt, J. P. Evans, C. P. Ford, W. H. Fowler, W. C. Haines, M. L. HULST, L. J. McDermond, C, H. Peekt, W. D. Eederus, F, C- Eicke, H. Sharplet, G. Stoll, a. Taylor, G. I. Welland, K. B. Williams, E. G. yoitng, c. j. Handy, W. C. Watermuelder, a. J. N.B.S. 1875. Craig, H. P. Harper, J. A. Hoffman, W. H. Leggett, W. J. Matthews, A. Miller, B. C. EiES, G. A. Van Neste, J". A. Van Veanken, H. H. U.S. 1875. Woemseb, a. Hazenberg, W. Bishop, G. S. Dickson, H. H. Elterich, W. L. Gardner, J. S. Garretson, G. R. Hagamen, J. W. Neef, G. L. Schick, G. B. Thorns, J. F. N.B.S. 187S. Allen, F. E. Cleveland, G. H. concklin, j. w. Demaeest, J. S. N. De Veies, H. Harris, H. Hawkhnrst, D. T. Killough, W. W. Martihe, a. J. Pitcher, C. W. SCUENCK, Is. S. Van Akbn, A. G. Van Allen, I. Vander Waet, H. Van Fleet, J. O. Weight, C. S. 1I.S. 1876. Meulendtk, J. NiEss, H. E. Bakker, F. P. Adams, E. L. Allen, A. W. Ashley. Bantley. Cook, W. W. GuLicK, Alex. Howell, H. A. HOYT, J. H. hutchins, j. Kern, F. Lang. Maetyn, C. MiLLIKEN, E. P. Ogden, I. G. Plumley, G. S. SnuLKE, p. F. Shaffer, J. F. Whitehurst, J". Zubli, E. B. N.B.S. 1877. Beokaw, E. W. Davis, T. E. Gutweiler, E. Higgins, C. W. Kriekaard, C. Krueqer, C. H. T. Lansing, J. S. Lawrence, W. H. Marvin, F. E. . Lydekker, G. D. Eederus-, S. Streng, S. Talmage, D. M. Van Halteren, J. Van Pelt, D. U.S. 1S7:'. Vander Ploeg. Wabeke, C. Griffis, W. E. APPENDIX. 669 [Lloyd, W.l McKinley, G. Meulendyk, J. Nathaniel, (Sindoo.) Ogawa, {Jap.) Okuno, (Jap) Rosenberg, F, W. SCHLEGEL^. SCHULTZ, E. Wabnshuis, H. TV. [Westerfield, W.] N.B.S. 187S. Baee, H. H. Dykstra, L. Graham, J. E. Grippin, W. T. Hendrickson, H. a. HOEKJE, J. Janeway, H. L. Kemlo, J. lockwood, l. j. Oppie, John, pookman, p. t. Eatmonb, a. W. Salisbury, J, H. Searle, J. P. Slocum, G. D. Walser, O. L. Wyckopf, B. V. D. Edmondson, J. Bnos, C. a. Fles. Lawrence, E. C. McLeod, T. B. Mitchell, S. S. Moore, W. L. Oppord, jr. M. Reed, B. A. SaiART, J. G. Yasukawa, (Jap.) YosmDA, (Jap.) N.B.S. 1870. Bergen, J. H. Booth, E. S. Cox, H. M. DiTJIARS, C. P. doskeh, h. e. Duryee, Jos. R. House, I. E. Lawsing, S. O. Lyall, J. E. JIlXLIKEN, p. H. Nasholds, W. H. SCHOMP, W. W. Staats, B. B. Taylor, W. R. Walden, I. Ppansthiel, a. Visscher, J. CoE, B. B. N.B.S. 1880. Force, P. A. Hekhuis, L. Hekr, L. T. KOLYN, M. POLHEMUS, C. n. Vanderveer. J. Q. Van Doorn, M. Van Oostenbrug, C. CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF CHURCHES. 1628-1878. New-York Cit7, (Fovt, Garden St.). . . . 1688 Albaiij;,N.Y 1643 Bushvvick, L.I 16.54 Piatbasli, L.I 1654 yiatlands, L.I 1654 Ncw-AmsteL Delaware 16.54 Gravesend, L.I 1655 Kingston, N.Y 1659 Bergen, N.J 1660 Brooklyn, L.I 1660 Harlem, N.Y.C 1660 Stuyvesant'a Bowery, N.Y.C 1660 ISt. Thomas, W.I.] 1660 Staten Island, Fresh Kills, N.Y 1665 " South-Side, N.Y 1665 Schenectady, N.Y 1670 New-Utrecht, L.I 1677 [New- York City, (Fr. Eef .)] 1683 New-Paltz, N.Y 168.3 Hackensack, N.J 1686 [New-EocheUe, N.Y.] 1688 Kort Eichmond, (North-Side,) S.I 1690 Aquackanonck, N.J 1693 Tapnan.N.Y 1694 Fordham, N.Y 1696 Tarrytown, N.Y 1697 Freehold, N.J 1699 Middletown, N.J 1699 Haritan, N.J 1699 ■ Belleville, N.J 1700 Livingston Manor 1700 Throe Mile Run, N.J 1700 Eochester, N.Y 1701 Jamaica, L.I 1702 Schaghticoke, N.Y 1707 North and South-Hampton, Pa 1710 Ponds, N. J 1710 Six Mile Bun, N.J 1710 West-Camp, N.Y 1710 Kinderhook, N.Y 1712 Claverack, N.Y 1716 Fishkill, N.Y 1716 Poughkeepsie, N.Y 1710 New-Brunswick, N.J 1717 Eichmond, S.I 1717 Eoadington, N.J 1719 Fairfield, N.J 1720 Schoharie, N.Y 1720 Linlithgo, N.Y 1732 Schraafeuburg, N.J 1724 Paraunis, N.J. 1725 [Philadelphia.] , 1726 New- York City, Cedar St 1727 Harlingen, N.J 1727 Germantown, N.Y 1728 Courtlandtown, N.Y 17i9 . Caatsban, N:Y 17.30 Newtown, L.I 1731 Ehincbeck, N.Y 1731 Success, L.I 1731 Montgomery, N.Y 1732 Coxsackio, N.Y 1733 Leeds, (Old Calskill,) N.Y 17.32 Middlebnrgh, N.Y 1732 Oyster Bay, L.I 1732 Pompton Plains, N.J 1736 Deer Park, (Port Jervis,) N.Y 1737 Marbletown, N.Y 1737 Minisink, N.J 1737 Smithfield, Pa 1737 Walpack, N.J 17-37 [Lebanon, N.J.l 1740 .Stone Arabia, N.Y 1740 Wawarsing, N.Y 1745 Gallatin, N.Y 1746 , Cana,ioharie, N.Y 1760 Clarkstown, N.Y 1750 Niskayuna, N.Y 1750 Shawangunk, N.Y 1750 Stissing, N.Y 1750 Marbletown ad, N.Y 1752 Montgomery 2d, N.Y 1753 Nechanic, N.J 1752 New-Paltz 2d, N.Y 1753 Pawagteuog 1753 Ehineheck, (Ger.) N.Y 1755 Totowa, N.J 17.55 Upper Red Hook. N.Y 1755 Hackensack 2d, N.J 1766 Montville, N.J 1756 Schodack. N.Y 1756 Schraalenburg 2d, N.J 1756 Hopewell, N.Y 1757 Bedminster, N.Y 17.58 German Flats, N.Y 1758 Taghkauick, N.Y 1768 New-Hackensack, N.Y 1758 New-York City, (Ger.) Nassau St 1758 Peenpack 1761 Beaverdam, N.Y 1763 Bethlehem 1st, N.Y 1763 Canahnawaga, Montgomery Co, N.Y. . 1763 Hillborough, (Millstone.) N.J 1786 Eed Hook Landing, N.Y 1766 New-York City, Fulton St 1767 Clove, Dutchess Co. N.Y 1769 Dover, Dutchess Co. N.Y 1769 Hillsdale, N.Y 1709 Albany, (Ger.) N.Y 1770 English Neighborhood, N.J 1770 Kingston, (Ger.) N.Y 1770 Mariheim, N.Y 1770 Naft'-Hurley. N.Y 1770 St. Johnsville, N.Y 1770 Sharon, N.Y 1771 Watcrford, N.Y 1771 Indian Castle, N.Y 1772 West New-Hempstead, N.Y 1773 Lower Canajoharie. N.Y 1773 Squampamuck, N.Y 1775 Saratoga, N.Y 1780 Conewago, Pa 1782 Lansinghnrgh, N.Y 1783 Hanover, Pa 1783 APPENDIX. 611 Norman's Kill, N.Y 1T83 Boght, N.T 1784 Florida, N.Y 1784 Greenbush, NY ]784 Saddle Kiver, X.J 1784 (New) Salem, N.Y 1783 Ramapo, N.J 1785 Clove, N.J 1788 Lawyereville, N.Y 1788 Hardy Co., Virginia 17S9 Buskirk's Bridge, N.Y 1790 Delaware Kiver Missions 1790 Spraker's Basin, N.Y 1790 Esopns, N.Y 1791 Helderberg, N.Y 1791 Jerusalem, N.Y 1791 Middletown, N.Y' 1791 Westtown, N.Y. 1791 -HydePark, N.Y 1792 Wilkesbarre, Pa 1792 Coeymans, N.Y 1793 Mayfleld, N.Y 1793 Palstonkill, N.Y 1793 Bockaway, N.J 1793 Stillwater, N.Y 1793 Westerlo, N.Y 1793 Wynantskill, N.Y 1793 Chenango, N.Y 1794 Coshingtcn, N.Y 1794 Jenike, N.Y 1794 Union,N.Y 1794 Amsterdam, N.Y 1795 Fonda's Bush, N.Y 1795 Glen, N.Y 1793 Stone House Plains, N.J 1793 Bloomingdale, N.Y 1796 Owasco, N.Y 1796 Salt River, Ky 1796 Angelica, N.Y 1797 Charlestown, N.Y 1797 Currytown. N.Y 1797 Danville, N.Y 1797 Herkimer, N.Y 1797 Karr Valley, N.Y 1797 Sharon, Pa 1797 Tuscarora, Pa , 1797 Andriestown, N.Y 1798 AdoiphustowD, Canada 1798 Columbia, Herkimer Co. (?) N.Y 1798 Conradstown, N.Y 1798 Mizabethtown, Canada 1798 Ernestown, Canada 1798 Fredericktown. Canada 1798 Hendei-son, N.Y 1798 Matilda, Canada 1798 Middletown, N.Y. 1798 Oak Hill, N.Y 1798 Pratteville, N.Y 1798 Williamsburgh, Canada 1798 Duanesburgh, N.Y 1799 Peekskill, N.Y 1799 Pittstown, N.Y 1799 Kotterdam Ist,^ N.Y 1799 Sacondaga, N.Y 1799 Shokan.N.Y 1799 Veddersburgh, N.Y , 1799 Woodstock. N.Y 41T99 Caroline, N.Y 1800 Schoharie KiU, N.Y 1800 Hurley, N.Y 1801 Preakness. N.J ISOl Stone Arabia, N.Y 1801 Pallshurgh, N.Y 1802 Osnabmgh, Canada 1802 EoxbnryT N.Y 1802 Amity, N.Y 1803 Charlestown 2d, N.Y 1803 Nassau, N.Y 1803 NeH-town, N.Y. (CI. Hens.) 1803 New-York City, Greenwich 1803 Wanvick, N.Y ; 1803 Adolphustown, Canada 1801 Mamakating, N.Y 1803 New-York City, Bloomingdale 1805 Aussenbergh, Canada 1806 Markham, " 1806 Matilda, " 1800 Toronto, " 1806 Williamsburg, " 1806 Clove, N.Y 1897 Platbush.N.Y 1807 Jersey City, N.J 1807 New- York City, Franklin Street 1807 Ovid, N.Y 1803 Richmond, S.I 1808 Argy!e,N.Y 1809 Kleinville, Canada 1809 Sydney, Canada 1809 Little York, Canada 1810 Owasco Outlet, N.Y 1810 Sophiasbargh, Canada 1810 Oppenheim, N.Y 1810 Hardwick, N.J 18U St. Johnsville, N.Y 1812 Union Village, N.Y 1812 Aurelius, n!y 1813 Lebanon,N.J 1813 New- York City, South Dutch 1813 Osquak, N.Y 1813 Philadelphia, Spring Garden, Pa 1813 Schoharie Mt., N.Y 1813 Blooming Grove, N.Y 1814 Glenville, N.Y 1814 Knowlton, N.J 1814 Pascack, N.J 1814 Pompton,N.J 1814 Stillwater, N.J 1814 West-Troy, N.Y 1814 Albany2d,N.Y 1813 Eaeton, N.Y 1815 New-Foundland, N.J 1815 New-Prospect, N.Y 1813 Canajoharie, Ind 1BI6 Glen,N.Y 1816 Hallowell, Canada 1816 Johnstown, N.Y 1816 North-Hempstead, L.I 1816 Pleasant Plains 1816 Stone Arabia, Ind 1816 Benton, N.Y 1817 Fayette, N.Y 1817 Fort Miller, N.Y 1817 Philadelphia 2d, Eighth Street 1817 Cato, N.Y 1818 Gienville 2d, N.Y 1818 Philadelphia 2d, Ranstcad Conrt 1818 Ghent, N.Y 1819 Johnsborongh, N.Y 1819 New-York (Sty, Market Street 1819 Unionville, N.Y 1819 Bloomingburgh, N.Y 1820 Northuniberland, N.Y 1820 Princetown. N.Y. imo Blenheim, N.Y 1821 Broome, N.Y 1821 Le Roy, N.Y 1821 Spotswood, N.J 1821 Mayfleld, (Independent,) N.Y 1821 Berea,N.Y 1S22 Canajoharie, Seceesioii, N.Y 1S22 Charlestown, Secession 1822 Columbia, N.Y 1822 Fishkill-on-Hudson, N.Y 1S22 Georgetown, D.U., (Station.) 1822 G'72 APrE^'DIX. Hackensack, Secession, N.J 3822 Johnstown, Secession, N.Y 1822 Middletown, Secession, N.Y 1822 Ovid, Secession, N.Y 1822 Salisbury, N.Y 1822 Scliraalenbnrg, Secession 1829 Warren, N.Y 1822 Wyclsoff, N.J 1832 Amity, Station 182.S Beacliwoods, N.Y. 1823 Brigliton Heights, S.I 1823 Danube, Secession, N.Y 1823 English Neighborhood, Secession, N.J. 1823 New-York City, African 1823 " BroomeStreet 1823 " " King Street, Seces- sion 1823 New-York City, Houston Street 1823 Osquak, Secession, N.Y 1823 Owasco, Secession, N.Y 1823 Paramus, Secession, H.J 1823 Eol terdam 2d, N.Y 1823 Wilton 1828 Bethlehem, Secession, N.Y 1824 Charleston 2d, Secession, N.Y 1824 Ditanesburgh, N.Y 1824 Durham 1834 English Neighborhood, Secession, N.J. 1824 Herkimer 2d, N.Y 1834 Montville, Secession, N.J 1S24 New-Lots, L.I 1834 Pooster Kill, Secession, N.Y 1824 Pultneyville, (Station,) N.Y 1824 Earaapo, Secession, N.J 1824 Eem Snyder's Bush, N.Y 1824 Summit, N.Y 1824 Wynantskill, Secession, N.Y 1824 Aquackauonck, Secession, N.J 1835 Beekman, N.Y 1835 Clarkstown, Secession, N.Y 1825 Cobleskill, N.Y 1825 Plats, Secession, N.Y 1835 Freehold 1st, N.J 1825 Hempstead, Secession, N.Y 1325 Lodi, N.Y 1825 North-Branch, N.J 1825 Palatine, N.Y 1825 Stirling, N.Y 1825 Tappan, Secession, N.J 1825 Union, N.Y 1826 Athens, N.Y 1826 Berkshire Valley, N.Y 1826 Columbiaville, (Station.) 1826 New-York City, Orchard Street 1826 " '• Vandewater Street... 1826 " " Yorkville, (Station.) . 1826 Opipenhcim 2d, N.Y 1826 Livingston, (Station.) 1826 Amsterdam, (Union Ch.) N.Y 1827 Canajoharie, N.Y 1827 Calo, Secession, N.Y 1827 Martinsburgh, N.Y 1837 New-York City, Rivington Street, (Sta- tion.) 1827 Paterson 2d, N.J 1827 Six Mile Creek, N.Y 1827 Sharon, Secession, N.Y 1837 Sparta, Secession, N.Y 1827 Stuyvesant, N.Y 1827 Walpack, Lower, N.J 1837 Wolcott, Secession, N.Y 182T Clilttenango, N.Y 1828 Hoboken, Ulster Co., N.Y 1828 Lysander, N.Y 1828 Mt. Morris, Secession, N.Y 1838 Paterson, Ind., N.J 1828 Bergen Neck 1829 Brealtabiu, N.Y IffiO Brooklyn, Williamsburgh, L.I 1829 Cliarlestoivn, Independent, N.Y 182'.) Ford's Bush, (Station.) 1839 Port Carbon, Pa., (Station.) 1829 Henderson, N.Y 1829 New-York City, Lafayette Place 1829 '! Manhattan 1829 Philadelphia 4th, (Mauayunk,) Pa ... 1829 Borne.N.Y 1830 Berne 2d, N.Y 1880 Canton, China, (Station.) 18H0 Farmer Village, N.Y 18:00 Frankfort, n!y 1880 Herkimer 2d, N.Y 1830 Ithaca, N.Y 1830 Jersey City, N.J 1830 Pottsville, (Station,) Pa 1830 Utica,N.Y 1830 Caroline, N.Y 1831 Catlin, N.Y 1831 Dashville Falls, N.Y 1831 Ephratah, N.Y 1831 FortPlaln.N.Y 1831 Geneva, N.Y 1831 Marshalville, N.Y 1831 New-York City, Ninth st ie31 Blawenbnrgh, N.J 1833 Hackensack, ludep., N.J 1832 Catskill, N.Y 1832 Canastota, N.Y 1833 Coxsackie 2d. N.Y 1&?3 Guilford, N.Y 1833 Jackson, N.Y 1883 Kinderhook2d,N.Y 1833 Kiskatom, N.Y ia33 Lyons, N.Y 1833 Newark 1st, N.J 1883 New-York City, North St 1833 Albany 3d, N.Y 1834 Clover Hill, N J 1834 Jamesville, N.Y 1884 Middlebush, N.J 1834 Polkton 1834 Earitan 2d, N.J 1884 Stanton, N.J 18-34 Arcadia, N.Y 1835 Greenport, N.Y 1835 Hudson, N.Y 1835 Newburgh, N.Y 18-35 Walden, N.Y 1835 Gilboa.N.Y 183G - Middletown Village, N.J 1886 Moresville, N.Y 1330 New-Baltimore, N.Y ISSG New-York City, Twenty-first St 1830 " NinthSt 1830 Philadelphia, Eoxbury 1S30 Tyre, N.Y 1836 Brooklyn, Central, (2d,) N.Y 1837 Buel, N.Y 1837 Cicero, N.Y 1887 Cohoes, N.Y 1837 Fairview, 111 18S7 Glenham, N.Y 18.37 Little Falls, N.J 1837 NeM»York City, Washington Square. . 18S'T Philadelphia 3d, Pa 1887 Cone.sville, N.Y 1837 Buffalo, N.Y 1838 Claverack 2d, N.Y 1888 Fultonvillc, N.Y ISiS Macao, E.I 1&88 Mohawk, N.Y 1838 New-York City, Gcr. Evang. Miss., East Houston St 1838 : Nyack, N.Y 1838 APPENDIX. 673 Piermont, N.T lSi8 Plattekill, N.T 1838 Astoria, L.I 1839 AarlesvUle, N.T 1839 Caatsban, N. Y 1839 Bast New-York, N.T 1839 Gansevoort, N.Y 1839 Mt. Morris, N.Y 1839 Onisqaethaw, N.Y 1839 Swartstown, N.T 1839 Brooklyn, South, L.I 1840 Brunswick, 111 . 1840 EllenvUle, NT 1840 Glen, Independent, N.T 1840 Greenville, NT 1840 Irvington, N.J 1840 Brooklyn 4tli, L.I 1841 Knox, N.Y 1841 Trenton, N.J 1S41 Vanderveer 1841 Day.N.Y 1842 Flushing, L.I 1842 IVeehoia 2d, N. J 1843 Griggetown, N.J 184J Kolongsoo, China 1842 PrairievlUc 1842 Hidgeway 1842 Allegan, Mich 1843 Caledonia, Wis 1843 Centreville, Mich 1843 Chatham, N.Y 1843 Constantine, Mich 1843 Ghent ad, N.T 1843 Gorham, N.T 1S43 Grand Eapids, Mich 1843 Mariaville, N.T .. 1843 New-Brauswick 2d, N.J 1843 New-Durham, N.J 1843 New-Tork City, Broadway 1843 " " Washington Eights. . . 1848 Pekin,Ill 1843 Bosendale, N.T 1843 Sun Prairie 1843 Yonkers.N.T 1843 GallnpTLlle, N.T 1844 GrahamvUle^N.T 1844 West-Troy, South, N.T 1844 Port Washington, (Station) 1845 Arcot, India 1846 Brooklyn, Middle, L.I 1846 Boundbrools, N.J 1846 Hudson, N.J 1846 Medina, Mich 1846 New-Tork City, Mt. Pleasant, 50th St. 1846 Brooklyn, East, L.I 1847 Fair Hayen. N.T 1847 Keyport, NiJ 1847 Piffardinia 1847 Washingt n, DJ 1847 Bethlehem 2d, N.Y 1848 Greenpoint, L 1 1848 Kingston 3d, N.Y 1848 Newark2d,N.J 1848 3d,N.J 1848 New-Tork City, (Ger.) 2d, Grand St. . . 1848 Peapack, N.J 1848 Ponghkeepsie 2d, N.Y 1848 Eantan 3(1, N.J 1848 Rensselaer, N.T 1848 Syracuse, N.T 1848 West-Hnrley, N.T 1848 Amoy, China 1849 Claryville, (Upper Neversink,) N.T. . . 1849 Macon, Mich 1849 Mottviile, Mich 1849 South-Bend, Inrt 1849 Arnee, India 185U 43 Bethlehem, Wis., Iowa 1850 Bethel, Wis 1850 Branchville, N.J 1850 BronxTille, N.Y 1850 Brooklyn, North-Gowanue, L.I 1850 Cleveland, N.T 1850 Graafschap, Mich 1850 Greenburgh, N.T 1S50 Haetings-on-Hndson, N V 1850 Hoboken,N.J 1850 Hugncnots, S.I .. 1850 New-Tork City, West, Sixth Av 1850 North-Blenheim, N.Y 1850 Oostburgh, Wis 1850 Peelsskin, N.T 1850 Port Jackson, N.Y 1850 Bine Mountain, L.I 1851 Brooklyn Eights, L.I 1851 " NeHr,L.1 1851 North, L.I 1851 " South-Bushwick, L.I 1851 Brown Settlement, N.Y 1851- Chicago Istj Mich 1851 Drenthe, Mich 1851 Easton. Pa 1851 Franklin, Wis ..1851 Grand Eaven, Mich 1851 Grand Kapids, Mich 1851 Holland 1st, Mich 1S51 Jefferson, Mich 1851 Kalamazoo, Mich 1851 KrumviUe, N.T 1851 Long Branch, N.J 1851 Marhlctown 2d, N.T 1851 Milwaukee, Wis..., 1851 Mott Haven, N.Y 1851 New-Brunswick Sd, N.J 1851 New- York City, Livingston Ch 1851 North-Esopus, N.Y 1851 Overyssel, Mich 1851 Piermont 2d, N.Y 1851 Schenectady 2d, N.Y 1851 Silver Creek, III 1851 Stapleton, S.I 1851 Tarrytown2d, NY 1851 Thousand Islands, N.Y 1851 Vriesland, Mich 1851 Waterloo 1851 Zeeland.Mich 1851 Fort Herkimer 1852 High Prairie, HI 1852 Jeffersonville, N.Y 1852 New-Tork City, (Ger.) 3d 1852 JerBeyCity3d, N.J 1852 LiBha's Kill, N.T 1852 North-Holland, N.T 1852 Philadelphia 2d, Seventh St., Pa 1852 Eochester, N.T 1852 Buffalo.N.T 1853 Burlington, Iowa 1853 Castleton, N.T 18.53 Chittoor, India 1853 Clymer, N.T I&i3 Hudson, N.J 1853 Mt. Vernon, N.T 1853 New-Brooklyn, L.I 1853 New-York, Harlem, (Ger.) N.Y 1853 North-Bergen, N.J 1853 Polkton, Mich 1863 Pultneyville, N.T 1853 Vellore, India 1853 Alto, Wis 1854 Astoria 2d, L.1 1854 Bergen Point, N.J 1854 Cedar Grove 1854 Chicago 2d, 111 1854 Clarksville, N.T 1854 674 APPENDIX. Cnddebackville, N.T 1854 Kexhonkeeu, N.Y 1854 Melrose, N.Y 1854 New- York City, 4th Ger 1854 " " Twenty-ninth St. and FifthAve ■.'. 1854 Kichmond, S.I 1864 Schenectady 3d, N.Y 1854 Sliandaken, N.Y 1854 Spring Lake, 111 1854 Sbany 4th, (Ger.) N.Y 1865 Albany 5th, (Hoi.) N.Y 1855 Battle Creek, Mich 1855 Brooklyn Eights Chapel 1855 Brooklyn, Lee Avenue 1855 Buffalo,N.Y 1S55 Cold Spring, N.Y 185S' East-Millstone, N.J 1855 East-Williamsburgh, N.Y 1855 EUenville, N.Y 1855 Franklin, N.J 1865 Hackensack 2d, N.J 1855 Hagaman's Mills, N.Y 1855 Naumberg, N.Y 1855 Newtown 2d, N.Y 1855 New-Bremen, N.Y 1855 Noordeloos 1855 Sandusky City 1855 South-Holland, 111 1855 Tottenville 1855 Warren, N.J ■ 1855 Bushnell, 111 1856 Oallicoon, N.Y 1856 Colt's Neck, N.J 1856 Gibbsville, Wis 1856 Hoboken, (Ger.) N.J 1856 Jersey City, N.J 1856 Mina Corners, N.Y 1856 Newark, North, N.J 1856 Paterson (Hoi.) Ist, Clinton St 1856 Pella 1st, Iowa 1866 Earitan, III 1856 West-Leyden, N.Y,.'.' 1856 Coonoor, India 1857 Graafschap, Mich 1857 Hackensack 8d, (Ger.) N.J 1857 Metuchen, N.J 1857 New-Concord, N.Y 1857 New-York City, Seventh Ave. and ■iPif ty-seventh St 1857 Eocky Hill, N.J 1857 Athens, Pa 1858 Brooklyn, North Sixth St. Miss 1858 Buckbrook, N.Y 1S58 MilesvUle, N.Y 1858 New-Eochelle 1858 New- York City (Ger.) 4th, 240 W. For- tieth St 1858 Plainfleld, (Ger.) N.J 1858 Polkton, Mich 1358 Queens, L.I 1858 (Juincy 1858 Bedford 1856 Spraker's Basin, N.Y 1858 Wood Haven 1858 Albany, Dudley, N.Y 1859 Athens 2d, N.Y 1859 Brooklj-u, Berxeu ilill, L.I 1859 Chioh-be, China 1859 Davenport, Iowa 1859 Eden, Wis 1859 Grandville, Mich 1859 Hudson 2d, N.J 1859 Eanagawa, Japan, (Station.) 1859 Lodi,N.J 1859 Muskegon, Mich 1869 New-York City, Union, Sixth Ave .^, 1859 Porter, Mich 1859 tchodaok'Lanaing, N.Y 1859 outh-Gilboa, N.T 1859 ■Stuyvesant Falls, N.Y 1859 Amoy ad, (China.) 1860 Grand Kapide Ist, Mich 1860 New-York City, Prospect Hill, Eighty- fifth St 1860 Palamanair, India 1860 Tompkinsville, S.I 1860 Indian Castle, N.Y 1861 New-York City, Madison St. Chapel... 1861 " " North Trinity, (Broad- way and Thirty-fourth St.) 1 861 Wiitehall 1861 Gingee, India 1862 Closter 'Citv, N.J 1862 Forreston, 111 1862 Holland 2d, (Hope,) Mich 1862 Ilion, N.T 1862 North-Creek, 111 1862 Philadelphia 4th 1862 Sattambadl, India 1862 Walpack, Upper, Pa 1862 Alieudal, India •.. . 1863 Japan 1st, (for Foreign Eesidents.) 1863 Jersey City, Hudson Co., N.J 186.J Kattupadi, India 1863 Keokuk, Iowa. .. ^ 1863 Pella 2d, Iowa 1863 Plainfleld, (Central,) N.J 1863 South-Macon, Mich 1863 St.Eemy.N.Y 1863 Vellambi, India 1863 Wiltwyck, N.Y 1863 Addisville, Pa 1864 Cleyeland, Ohio 1864 Okang, China 1864 Melrose, N.Y 1864 Paterson, Broadway, N.J 1864 Aliendal, India 1865 Charleston, S.C. (Station.) 1866 Havana, 111 1865 Kewascum 1865 Kundipattur, India 1865 Mudnapilly, India 1865 Pottersville, N.J 1865 Spring Valley.N.Y 1865. TUlaborough 1865 White Plains, N.Y 1865 Brooklyn, (Ger. Evang.) L.I 1866 Bethel, Iowa 1866 Clinton, N.J 1866 High Bridge, N.J 1866 Kattapadi, India 1866 Kundipattoor, India 1866 Millbrook,N.T 1866 Newark, West, N.J 1866' New-York City, (HoUandish,) 379 W. BT6venth St 1866 Palisades, N.J 18B6 Paterson (HoU.) 2d, Main St., N.J. 1866 Paterson 6th, N.J 1866 Sayville, L.I 1866 Vellambi, India 1866 Dunkirk, N.Y 1867 Ebenezer, 111 1867 Fulton, 111 1867 Greenleatton, Minn 1867 Gnanodayam, India 1807 Leyden Center, 111 1867 New- York City, Twenty-i*inth Street, (Station.) 1867 Maravatambadl, India 1868 Boonton, N.J 1668 Brooklyn, Myrtle Avenue Miss 1868 Holland 3d, Mich 1S68 APPENDIX. 675 Jersey Caty, West-End 1868 Lodi, Independent .' 1868 Newark, South, Clinton Avenue 1868 New-Haven, Ct 1868 New-York City, Forty-eighth Street and Fifth Avenue 1868 Orattur, India 1868 Passaic 2d, N.J 1868 Philadelphia, (Bethnne,) Pa 1868 " (Kensington,) Pa 1868 Sangatnck, Mich 1868 Sekadn, India 1868 Two Rivers, Wis 1868 Amelia Court House, Va . . -. 1869 Brookfleld, Ct 1869 Cato, N.Y 1869 Clymer Village, (Abbe Ch.) 1869 Danforth,Ill 1869 Fynaart, Mich 1869 Jamestown, Mich 1869 Kattapalli, India 1869 Newark, East, N.J 1869 Varikkal, India 1869 Wallkill Valley, N.Y 1869 Beaverdam, Mich 1870 East-Williamson, N.Y 1870 Fremont Center, Mich 1870 Fremont, N.Y 1870 Holland, Neb 1870 Hong-San, China 1870 Linlrthgo, (Livingston Ch.) 1870 Marion, N.Y 1870 Norwood Park, 111 1870 Otley,Iowa 1870 Spring Lake, Mich 1870 South-Bend, Ind 1870 Chiang-Chiu, China 1871 Flatbush, Mission, L.I 1871 Grand Haven 2d, Mich 1871 Greenville, N.J 1871 Hamilton, Mich 1871 Kolapaknm. India 1S71 Linden, N.J 1871 Locust Valley, LI 1871 Nansumur, India 1871 Norris, 111 1871 North-Branch, N.T 1871 Orange City, Iowa .: 1871 Peoria, ni 1871 Pultneyvllle, N.Y 1871 Rotterdam, Kan 1871 Somerset, Kan 1871 Tune-an, China 1871 Tyre 1871 Bayonne 3d, N.J 1872 College Point, L.I 1872 East-Overyssel, Mich 1872 Guttenberg, N.J 1872 Jersey City, Free 1872 South-Haven, Mich 1872 Yokohama, Japan 1872 Hohokus, N.j; 18^3 Jersey City Hights 1873 Passaic, N.J. ^oi.) 1873 Flatbush 2d, L.I 1874 Irving Park, 111 1874 Jersey City, Sonth-Bergen 1874 New-York City, Avenue B and Fifth Street 1874 Three Bridges, N.J 1874 Wilcox, Pa 1874 Central Bridge, N.Y 1875 Port Lee, N.J 1875 Grand Eapids, Ind., Mich 1875 Grand Rapids 3d, Mich 1876 Grand Rapids 4th, Mich 1875 Highlands, N.J 1875 Hortonville, N.Y 1875 Lansing, 111 1875 Long Island City 1st 1875 " Laurel Hill 1875 Montague, Mich 1875 New-York City, Norfolk Street 1875 Orange, N.J 1875 Ridgewood, N.J 1875 Asbnry Park, N.J 1876 Jamaica. L.I 1876 Lyonsville, N.Y 1876 Nagasaki, Japan. ., 1876 Tindevannm, India 1876 ITyeda, Japan 1876 Boardville, N.J 1877 Canarsie, N.Y 1877 Feriysburgh, Mich 1877 Hartsbnrgh, 111 1877 Long Branch 2d, N.J 3877 New-Amsterdam, Wis 1877 Orange City 1st, Iowa 1877 Orange City 2d, (West Branch,) Iowa. 1877 Sioke Chapel, (China.) 1877 Stewartsville, N.Y 1877 Tokio, Japan 1877 Franklin Furnace, N J 1878 Lodi, N.J 1878 Long Branch 2d, N.J 1878 MamtcHl 1879 Wadernuia, Japan 1879 MISSIONARIES OF THE REFORMED (DUTCH) CHURCH. Sailed. Returned. Died. John Scndder 1813 1829 1840 1836 1836 1836 1836 1836 1838 1838 J 1840 1l842 1840 1840 18<2 (1844 1l853 1847 (1847 1l853 J 1851 1853 1855 1855 1865 1855 1869 1858 1858 1859 1859 1859 1859 1861 1861 1861 1861 1863 1863 1864 1867 1867 1868 1869 1868 1869 1869 1870 1870 1871 1871 1872 1872 1874 1874 1874 1874 1875 1875 1876 1877 1878 1878 1877 1877 1877 1879 1878 1878 1878 India i848 1849 1841 imi 1849 isei 1878 i859 1868 1875 1869 iSM i872 i873 1874 1871 1875 i874 ISiS David Abeel China, etc 1846 Borneo '* and Java i( (1 i( Wm. Toiingblood Miss A. C. Condict (Mrs. Allen) . . . 1844 Wm. J. Pohlman Fred. B. Thompson Bom'eo, h°*^*°*'^^- " and Java* Sonlh Africa 1849 1847 Borneo Isaac P. Stryker 1842 Wm. H. Steele t( Henry M. Scudder Arcot, " tTohn V. N. Talmage China Wm. W. Sciidder. JoseplL Scudder India Arcot India Arcot China India Jared W. Scudder Bzekiel C. Scudder ,••■ Miss Louisa Scudder (Mrs. Sweet) . . »fr Joseph Mayou China "■ ".'.'.'. "".".'.'. .. Daniel Bapalje Alviu Ostrom Samuel E. Brown And. Sawyer (native) Japan Jacob Chamberlain Guido F. Verbeck John Scudder Japan ..'. India Leonard W. Kip China Silas D. Scudder James H. Ballagh India Japan lap Han-Chiong (native) China. Lo-Tan (native) 1870 J. H. Van Doren Ettirajooioo (native) India. ■..■.■..■.'■.■.■..!'.■.'.'.'.■. Japan, Nagasaki China.'.'.'.'.'.'.".. ..".'.'..'.'.'. Japan India Zee. John (native) Miss Josephine Chapiu John A. Davis Miss Mary E. Kidder (now Mrs. B. R.Miller) Miss Martha J. Manrleville Miss Helen M. Van Doren. . China Japan C.H.H. Wolff .... Chhoa Ehian Khit (native) Tion-Yuli (native) E. J. Heeren India 187& Miss S. K. M. Hequembonrff H. M. Scndder, M.D Miss Mary B. Talmage Japan, Yokohama China Miss Emma C. Whitbeck Japan India JohnH.Wyckofl E. R.Miller Japan, Yokohama India Jas. L. Amerman ■* " David M. Talmage Miss Hattie Brown China Japan, Yokohama " Tokio,Eef Am. Presbyt, Tokio Miss Winn Okuno Maratsuna (native) Ogawa Toshiyashi: (native). . , Toda Inagaki Akira Pastor, Yokohama, Ref. . Japan, Nagasaki .... Miss Mary I. Parrington Miss Elizabeth Farrington . ... Tasukawa " Tokio